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[ { "id": "84663", "type": "document", "text": [ "Analgesia after caesarean section with intramuscular ketorolac or pethidine . We compared , in a double-blind randomised study , intramuscular ketorolac 30 mg ( n = 49 ) and intramuscular pethidine 75 mg ( n = 51 ) for analgesia after elective caesarean section under general anaesthesia . Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and suxamethonium and maintained with atracurium , nitrous oxide and isoflurane . Intravenous fentanyl 100 micrograms was given after delivery of the neonate . In the recovery ward , patients who requested analgesia were allocated randomly to receive ketorolac 30 mg or pethidine 75 mg intramuscularly . Analgesia was assessed at intervals up to six hours , using a visual analogue scale and a four-point verbal scale , while duration of analgesia was taken as the time until the patient requested additional analgesia . There was no difference in the duration of analgesia between groups ( Mann-Whitney test P = 0.27 , Mantel-Haentszel test P = 0.17 ) . Twenty-six patients in the ketorolac group and 17 patients in the pethidine group requested further analgesia by 90 minutes . However , four patients in the ketorolac group and six patients in the pethidine group requested no further analgesia within 24 hours . Pain VAS and overall assessment of analgesia was similar between groups , although more side-effects ( nausea , dizziness ) were noted in the pethidine group . Ketorolac 30 mg and pethidine 75 mg provided similar but variable quality of analgesia after caesarean section ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1520 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84664", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84665", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pethidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84666", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intramuscular ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84667", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intramuscular pethidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84668", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84669", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "thiopentone" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84670", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "suxamethonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 348 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84671", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atracurium" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84672", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitrous oxide and isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84673", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intravenous fentanyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84674", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84675", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84676", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84677", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84678", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mann-Whitney test" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 939 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84679", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Mantel-Haentszel" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 967 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "further analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84681", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "no further analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84682", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain VAS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84683", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "overall assessment of analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84684", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84685", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84687", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cefprozil versus penicillin V in treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis . In a randomized multicenter study , the efficacy and safety of cefprozil were compared with those of penicillin in the treatment of group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis in children . Of the 409 patients enrolled , 323 were evaluable for their clinical and bacteriological responses ; of these 323 children , 172 received cefprozil and 151 received penicillin V. The clinical responses in patients treated with cefprozil were significantly better than those in patients who received penicillin ( 95.3 versus 88.1 % ; P = 0.023 ) . Eradication of the original serotype of group A streptococci was achieved in 91.3 % of patients treated with cefprozil and 87.4 % of patients treated with penicillin , the difference not being statistically significant ( P = 0.125 ) . However , there were significantly more symptomatic patients among the bacteriological failures in the penicillin group ( 68.4 % ) than in the cefprozil group ( 26.7 % ) . beta-Lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus was more frequently isolated from the throat flora during penicillin therapy than during cefprozil treatment . No difference in the incidence of adverse events probably related or of unknown relationship to the study drugs was observed in the two treatment groups ( 5.2 % of those treated with cefprozil and 6.0 % of those treated with penicillin ) . Cefprozil can be considered a safe and reliable drug for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis in children ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1535 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84688", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84689", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin V" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84690", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84691", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84692", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin V." ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84694", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84695", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84696", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84698", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84699", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84700", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84701", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84702", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84703", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84704", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cefprozil" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84705", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84706", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84707", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Eradication of the original serotype of group A streptococci" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84708", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "isolated from the throat flora" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84709", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84710", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84711", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "409" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84712", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "323" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84713", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "323" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84714", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "streptococcal pharyngitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84716", "type": "document", "text": [ "High purity factor VIII and immune state in HIV ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84717", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "High purity factor VIII" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84718", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84720", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind comparison of oral ketoprofen 'controlled release ' and indomethacin suppository in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with special regard to morning stiffness and pain on awakening . A double-blind , double-dummy , crossover study was carried out in 8 centres to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 'controlled-release ' ketoprofen tablets ( 200 mg ) with that of indomethacin suppositories ( 100 mg ) in out-patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis . Patients were allocated at random to receive a daily bedtime dose of either 1 ketoprofen tablet or 1 indomethacin suppository plus the dummy of the other formulation for a period of 3 weeks . They were then crossed over to the alternative treatment for a further 3 weeks . Daily diary records were kept by patients of the number of night-time awakenings due to pain , pain severity at awakening in the morning and the duration of early morning stiffness . Treatment efficacy was also assessed at the end of each trial period by means of an articular index and by physician 's and patient 's overall evaluation of response . Adverse effects spontaneously mentioned by the patients or elicited by direct questioning using a symptom check-list were recorded . Statistical analysis of the results from 83 evaluable patients showed that the 'controlled-release ' tablet formulation of 200 mg ketoprofen was equally as effective as the 100 mg indomethacin suppository in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis , especially with regard to pain at awakening and morning stiffness . Side-effects in both groups were those commonly seen with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and , as expected , gastro-intestinal and CNS disturbances predominated . Overall , side-effects were fewer with ketoprofen than with indomethacin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1809 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84721", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral ketoprofen 'controlled release" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84722", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84723", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "'controlled-release ' ketoprofen tablets" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84724", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin suppositories" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84725", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketoprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84726", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84727", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketoprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84728", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84729", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketoprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84730", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84731", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "'controlled-release ' tablet formulation of 200 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 1328, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84732", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "indomethacin suppository" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84733", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain at awakening and morning stiffness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1523, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84734", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "gastro-intestinal and CNS disturbances" ], "offsets": [ [ 1681, 1719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84735", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1745, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84736", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ketoprofen" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84737", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84738", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "out-patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 491 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84740", "type": "document", "text": [ "Increased blood pressure and neural tone in the silent ischemia of hypertension : disparate effects of immediate release nifedipine . OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were 1 ) to evaluate the role of blood pressure and associated neural tonicity in ambient ischemia of a group of hypertensive patients with stable angina , and 2 ) to determine the efficacy of immediate release nifedipine therapy in controlling the total ischemic burden in both office-measured and ambulatory blood pressure . BACKGROUND Low heart rate ischemia , as detected by Holter ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring , suggests that reduced coronary flow is the major factor leading to ischemia . We previously found that 91 % of the ischemic episodes in our hypertensive patients with stable angina were silent . METHODS We measured plasma norepinephrine content during ischemic events from blood obtained from automatic pump withdrawal with the assistance of a real-time ST segment depression monitor . We then related the norepinephrine content to ischemic episodes assessed by 48-h Holter recording , blood pressure reading by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and patients ' diaries . Measurements were taken during the placebo period and immediate-release nifedipine therapy in 30 hypertensive patients ( 20 with and 10 without stable angina ) . RESULTS More than half of the patients had ischemic episodes ; 95 % of these were silent . Ischemic episodes peaked in the early morning , and 55 % occurred during routine sedentary activities . There was a 10 % to 15 % increase in heart rate at the onset of ischemia associated with a 30 % higher plasma norepinephrine level . Seventy-five percent of patients had increased norepinephrine after nifedipine therapy . Nifedipine therapy controlled measured blood pressure but not 24-h ambulatory blood pressure . Ischemic episodes were reduced only in patients whose ambulatory blood pressure was controlled . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that increased neural tone at the time of the ischemic event may play a role in reducing coronary perfusion leading to silent ischemia . Nifedipine therapy ( immediate release ) was effective in control of ischemia only when both ambulatory and office-measured blood pressure were controlled ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2269 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "real-time ST segment depression monitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84744", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84745", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84746", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84747", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Nifedipine therapy ( immediate release )" ], "offsets": [ [ 2113, 2153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neural tone" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84750", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84751", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neural tonicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84752", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ischemic episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 731 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ischemic episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84755", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84756", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma norepinephrine level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1633, 1660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84757", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84758", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84759", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "24-h ambulatory blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1814, 1844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84760", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ischemic episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84761", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neural tone" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84762", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "control of ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2171, 2190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84763", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84764", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive patients with stable angina" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84765", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84766", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20 with and 10 without stable angina" ], "offsets": [ [ 1294, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84768", "type": "document", "text": [ "Veterans Affairs congestive heart failure antiarrhythmic trial . CHF STAT Investigators . This is a prospective , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of antiarrhythmic drug therapy on mortality in patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia . Patients will be assigned to receive either amiodarone or placebo . Eligible patients include those with ischemic and nonischemic congestive heart failure and with > or = 10 ventricular premature beats per hour . All patients must have shortness of breath with minimal exertion or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea , a left ventricular internal dimension ( LVIDd ) by echocardiogram of > or = 55 mm or a cardiothoracic ratio of > 0.5 and an ejection fraction of < or = 40 % . All patients will receive vasodilator therapy , unless they find it intolerable . Patients will be entered into the study for 2.5 years and followed for an additional 2 years . Drug therapy will be continued for all patients throughout the entire study unless adverse reactions occur that necessitate individualized treatment . The expectation is that 674 patients will be entered into the study from 25 participating centers . This sample size will allow for the detection of a 33 % decrease in 2-year mortality ( 20 % vs 30 % ) in the treated patients compared with those in the placebo group , with a power of 0.90 and a 2-sided alpha level of 0.05 . Intermittent Holter monitoring , radionuclide ventriculograms , pulmonary function tests , echocardiograms , and blood tests , including arterial blood gases , will be required for each patient . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1649 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84769", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84770", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84771", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84772", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "2-year mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84773", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Veterans" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84774", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84775", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84776", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ventricular arrhythmia" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84777", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84778", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ventricular premature beats" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84779", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "shortness of breath" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84780", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 602 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84782", "type": "document", "text": [ "Relaxing retinotomy with silicone oil or long-acting gas in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy . Silicone Study Report 5 . The Silicone Study Group . In the Silicone Study , 117 of 404 eyes ( 29 % ) with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy ( > or = C-3 , full-thickness retinal folds in three or more quadrants ) enrolled in the study were treated with vitrectomy , underwent a relaxing retinotomy , and were randomly assigned to treatment with long-acting gas or silicone oil . Forty-six eyes ( 20 % ) had undergone no previous vitrectomy ( group 1 ) ; 71 eyes ( 42 % ) had undergone previous vitrectomy ( group 2 ) with intraocular gas tamponade ( P < .001 ) . Group 1 eyes not undergoing retinotomy had better anatomic ( six months ) and visual ( six and 24 months ) outcomes and less hypotony ( six months ) than eyes that did regardless of tamponade ( P < .05 ) . For eyes undergoing retinotomy , silicone oil decreased the likelihood of hypotony ( six months , P < .05 ) . These differences were not found in group 2 eyes . We conclude that eyes undergoing a vitreous operation for the first time for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy can in most instances be successfully treated by conventional techniques without the need for relaxing retinotomy . Retinotomy may be required more often in patients undergoing repeat vitreous surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy , in which case both silicone oil and long-acting perflouropropane gas appear to be equally effective ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1513 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84783", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Relaxing retinotomy with silicone oil or long-acting gas" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84784", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitrectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84785", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "relaxing retinotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "treatment with long-acting gas or silicone oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "perflouropropane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1460, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84788", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "better anatomic ( six months )" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84789", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual ( six and 24 months ) outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84790", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypotony" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84791", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypotony" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84792", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proliferative vitreoretinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84793", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "equally effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1494, 1511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84794", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "proliferative vitreoretinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84795", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "117" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84796", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "404" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84797", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "proliferative vitreoretinopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84798", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84800", "type": "document", "text": [ "Femoral vein delivery of contrast medium enhances transthoracic echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . OBJECTIVES We postulated that femoral vein delivery of contrast medium because of streaming , might enhance precordial echocardiographic detection of patent foramen ovale . BACKGROUND Although precordial contrast echocardiography is widely used to diagnose patent foramen ovale , this method is limited by poor sensitivity . Previous investigators have demonstrated enhanced detection of atrial defects by the dye-dilution technique after delivery of contrast medium into the inferior rather than the superior vena cava . METHODS Transthoracic contrast examinations were performed in a randomly selected group of 70 patients ( without previous history of cerebral or systemic embolus ) undergoing cardiac catheterization . Paired contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air ) were administered from an upper extremity vein and femoral vein in each patient during spontaneous respiration , cough and Valsalva maneuvers . Studies were interpreted by an experienced echocardiographer unaware of the sequence and site of injections . Positive studies were semiquantitatively graded from +1 ( minimal left ventricular opacification ) to +4 ( intense left ventricular opacification ) . Catheterization and echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale were compared in 21 subjects . RESULTS Patent foramen ovale was detected significantly more often during femoral vein versus upper extremity contrast delivery ( 23 of 70 patients [ prevalence 33 % ] vs. 9 of 70 patients [ prevalence 13 % ] , p < 0.001 ) . The intensity of left ventricular opacification was also greater during femoral vein contrast injection . Precordial echocardiography combined with femoral contrast delivery was significantly more sensitive than cardiac catheterization for assessment of patent foramen ovale ( 8 of 21 patients vs. 2 of 21 patients , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Femoral vein contrast delivery significantly enhances the ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale . Physiologic patency of the foramen ovale is more common ( prevalence 33 % ) than previously documented ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2234 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84801", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Transthoracic contrast examinations" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84802", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "contrast agent injections ( 10 ml dextrose in water/0.25 ml air )" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84803", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Femoral vein contrast delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1989, 2019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84804", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "transthoracic echocardiographic detection" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84805", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patent foramen ovale" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84806", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "precordial echocardiographic detection" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84807", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atrial defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84808", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84809", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84810", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "echocardiographic assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84811", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "of patent foramen ovale" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84812", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "intensity of left ventricular opacification" ], "offsets": [ [ 1651, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84813", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sensitive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1844, 1853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84814", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "assessment of patent foramen ovale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1356, 1390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84815", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ability of precordial contrast echocardiography to diagnose patent foramen ovale ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2047, 2129 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84817", "type": "document", "text": [ "A preliminary trial of ascorbic acid as supplemental therapy for autism . 1 . This study presents the results of a 30-week double-blind , placebo-controlled trial exploring the effectiveness of ascorbic acid ( 8g/70kg/day ) as a supplemental pharmacological treatment for autistic children in residential treatment . 2 . Residential school children ( N = 18 ) were randomly assigned to either ascorbate-ascorbate-placebo treatment order group or ascorbate-placebo-ascorbate treatment order group . Each treatment phase lasted 10 weeks and behaviors were rated weekly using the Ritvo-Freeman scale . 3 . Significant group by phase interactions were found for total scores and also sensory motor scores indicating a reduction in symptom severity associated with the ascorbic acid treatment . 4 . These results were consistent with a hypothesized dopaminergic mechanism of action of ascorbic acid ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 895 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84818", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84819", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84820", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84821", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ascorbate-ascorbate-placebo treatment order group" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84822", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ascorbate-placebo-ascorbate treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84823", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ascorbic acid treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 787 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84824", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ascorbic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84825", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84826", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sensory motor scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84827", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptom severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84828", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84829", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "autistic children in residential treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84830", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Residential school children ( N = 18 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84832", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of outcome of labetalol or hydralazine therapy during hypertension in pregnancy in very low birth weight infants . Ninety-seven women with moderate to severe preeclampsia ( PE ) were allocated at random to labetalol or hydralazine treatment . Of these , 22 women with severe PE gave birth to neonates with VLBW ( very low birth weight < or = 1500 g ) . Seven were allocated to labetalol treatment ( Group A ) , eight to hydralazine treatment ( Group B ) and seven women received both drugs due to poor blood pressure control with a single drug therapy ( Group C ) . No difference in cesarean section rate or in the indication for operative delivery could be seen . Gestational age was 29.9 weeks ( 25.4-32.5 ) in Group A , 28.6 weeks ( 26.6-33.4 ) in Group B and 27.3 weeks ( 26.7-31.1 ) in Group C ( median and range ) . Birth weight did not differ between groups and 13 of the 22 infants weighed below 1000 g. There was a tendency to lower Apgar scores at five minutes in the hydralazine group . Time spent in the neonatal intensive care unit did not differ between groups . Five of the 11 neonates with gestational age ( GA ) < or = 28 weeks and three of the seven neonates in GA 29-30 weeks died . Neither the number of infants requiring intermittent positive pressure ventilation or duration of O2- treatment , nor number of infants with respiratory distress syndrome differed between groups . We did not find any difference in the outcome of the VLBW infants when the hypertensive mother had been treated with either hydralazine or labetalol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1560 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84833", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "labetalol" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84834", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydralazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84835", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "labetalol or hydralazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84836", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "labetalol treatment ( Group A )" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84837", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydralazine treatment ( Group B ) and" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84838", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "received both drugs due to poor blood pressure control with a single drug therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84839", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydralazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84840", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "labetalol" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84841", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cesarean section rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84842", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "indication for operative delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84843", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Gestational age" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 691 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84844", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Birth weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84845", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Apgar scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84846", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time spent in the neonatal intensive care unit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84847", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 1206, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84848", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84849", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "requiring intermittent positive pressure ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1243, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84850", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of O2- treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1299, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84851", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of infants with respiratory distress syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1331, 1383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84852", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "labetalol or hydralazine therapy during hypertension in pregnancy in very low birth weight infants . Ninety-seven women with moderate to severe preeclampsia ( PE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84853", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84855", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effects of a 24-h psychological training program on attitudes , communication skills and occupational stress in oncology : a randomised study . The usefulness of psychological training programs ( P.T.P . ) in health care settings devoted to cancer care is beginning to be recognised but their content , form and effectiveness need further investigation . Seventy-two oncology nurses were randomly assigned to a 24-h P.T.P . or to a waiting list period . Attitudes were assessed by a semantic differential questionnaire , occupational stress was assessed by the Nursing Stress Scale and communication skills were assessed by standardised videotaped role-playing exercises . These were used to compare trained ( T.S . ) and control subjects ( C.S. ) . The results show a significant training effect on attitudes ( P = 0.05 ) , especially on those related to self concept ( P = 0.004 ) , and on the level of occupational stress related to inadequate preparation ( P = 0.02 ) . Limited changes were found regarding post-training communication skills . T.S . were significantly more in control of the interview than C.S . ( P = 0.02 ) . The results indicate that 24-h P.T.P . assessed here are effective . The data also demonstrate the need to consolidate the skills acquired by regular post-training sessions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1310 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84856", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "psychological training program" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84857", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "psychological training programs ( P.T.P . )" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84858", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "24-h P.T.P ." ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84859", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "or to a waiting list period" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84860", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "assessed by a semantic differential questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84861", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "occupational stress was assessed by the Nursing Stress Scale and communication skills were assessed by standardised videotaped role-playing exercises" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84862", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "P.T.P" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84863", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes , communication skills and occupational stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84864", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84865", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "occupational stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84866", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the Nursing Stress Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84867", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "communication skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84868", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "standardised videotaped role-playing exercises ." ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84869", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84870", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self concept" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84871", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "level of occupational stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84872", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84873", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "oncology nurses" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 386 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84875", "type": "document", "text": [ "Deficiency of serum ionized magnesium in patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis . Serum total magnesium ( TMg ) measurements in dialysis patients are variable , with some groups reporting hypermagnesemia and some hypomagnesemia . It had not been possible to measure the biologically active fraction , ionized magnesium ( IMg2+ ) . The authors utilized an ion-selective electrode to measure IMg in 26 hemodialysis patients and 10 peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD ) patients and compared the results with those from 66 age matched control subjects . Dialysate magnesium was 0.375 mM/L for the hemodialysis and 0.25 mM/L for the CAPD patients . When compared with control subjects , both hemodialysis and CAPD patients had significantly lower IMg2+ ( 0.55 +/- 0.02 and 0.50 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.004 mM/L ; p < 0.05 ) and greater or normal TMg values ( 0.99 +/- 0.04 , different at the p < 0.001 level , and 0.85 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.008 ) . Ionized calcium ( ICa2+ ) values were similar for all three groups ( 1.15 +/- 0.02 and 1.21 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.17 +/- 0.01 ) , resulting in increased mean ICa2+/IMg2+ ratios ( 2.14 +/- 0.07 and 2.42 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.95 +/- 0.02 for the control subjects ; p < 0.05 ) . The percent of total magnesium that was ionized ( % IMg2+ ) was low in both the hemodialysis and CAPD patients ( 55.6 +/- 0.93 and 59.2 +/- 1.05 ) compared with that of control subjects ( 72 +/- 0.61 ; p < 0.05 ) . IMg2+ values correlated with TMg values in both hemodialysis ( r = 0.93 ; p < 0.0001 ) and CAPD ( r = 0.92 ; p < 0.0001 ) patients did not correlate with age , time on dialysis , weight , fasting cholesterol or triglyceride , albumin , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , creatinine , hematocrit , phosphate , or PTH values . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1786 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84876", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dialysate magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84877", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Deficiency of serum ionized magnesium" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84878", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IMg" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84879", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IMg2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84880", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "greater or normal TMg values" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84881", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ionized calcium ( ICa2+ ) values" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84882", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ICa2+/IMg2+ ratios" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84883", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ionized ( % IMg2+ )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84884", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84885", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84886", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "26" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84887", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hemodialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84888", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84889", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peritoneal dialysis ( CAPD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84890", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "66" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84892", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ovulation and follicular development associated with three low-dose oral contraceptives : a randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To address the hypothesis that multiphasic oral contraceptives ( OCs ) increase rather than decrease the risk of functional ovarian cysts . METHODS In this single-center , randomized controlled study , women were assigned to a multiphasic pill , a lower-dose monophasic pill , a higher-dose monophasic pill , or nonsteroidal contraception . Forty volunteers were randomized ( ten each ) to three different pill regimens or to nonsteroidal contraception . During 6 months of treatment , follicular development was measured by vaginal ultrasonography and ovulation was indicated by serum progesterone levels . RESULTS The relative risk ( RR ) of developing a follicular structure greater than 30 mm in diameter during a cycle with the higher-dose monophasic pill was 0.5 ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 0.1-1.9 ; P = .49 ) compared with the multiphasic pill . The risk with the lower-dose monophasic pill was comparable to that with the multiphasic pill ( RR 1.3 , 95 % CI 0.5-3.6 ; P = .56 ) . With the multiphasic pill , the maximum ovulation rate over 60 cycles was 1.7 per 100 cycles ( 95 % CI 0.0-8.9 ) . CONCLUSION This multiphasic pill more closely resembled the lower-dose monophasic pill than the higher-dose monophasic pill in its suppression of follicular development ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1412 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84893", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-dose oral contraceptives" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84894", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multiphasic oral contraceptives ( OCs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84895", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multiphasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84896", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "a lower-dose monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84897", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "higher-dose monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84898", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nonsteroidal contraception" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84899", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "three different pill regimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84900", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nonsteroidal contraception" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84901", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84902", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84903", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multiphasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84904", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multiphasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multiphasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84906", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84907", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 406 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84908", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk of functional ovarian cysts ." ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84909", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "follicular development" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84910", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ovulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84911", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relative risk ( RR ) of developing a follicular structure greater than 30 mm in diameter" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84912", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "risk with the lower-dose monophasic pill" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1036 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84913", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximum ovulation rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84914", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "suppression of follicular development ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1412 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84916", "type": "document", "text": [ "Noradrenergic response to intravenous yohimbine in patients with depression and comorbidity of depression and panic . Adrenergic response following infusions of yohimbine or normal saline was evaluated in 9 control subjects , 8 patients suffering from a major depressive episode ( MDE ) , and 12 patients suffering from concurrent MDE and panic disorder ( MDE + P ) . Blood was drawn at -20 , 0 , 5 , 10 , 20 , 45 , and 90 min following the infusions , and assayed for norepinephrine ( NE ) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol ( MHPG ) . Although the patient groups exhibited higher baseline NE concentrations , and a greater NE area under the plasma concentration versus time curve ( AUC0-90 ) during the yohimbine infusion , the differences were not statistically significant . Baseline NE was significantly correlated with the NE AUC0-90 in all three groups , suggesting that , although the NE system may be dysregulated in the MDE and MDE + P patients , the NE system still appears to respond somewhat predictably following a challenge , even though the actual magnitude of response may vary ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1099 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84917", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous yohimbine" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84918", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "yohimbine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84920", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "yohimbine" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84921", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Noradrenergic response" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84922", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Adrenergic response" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84923", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "norepinephrine ( NE ) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol ( MHPG" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84924", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "baseline NE concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 611 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84925", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "NE area under the plasma concentration versus time curve" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 684 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84926", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Baseline NE" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84927", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "NE AUC0-90" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84928", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with depression and comorbidity of depression and panic" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84929", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "9" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84930", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "control subjects ," ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84931", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "8" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84932", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major depressive episode ( MDE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84933", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84934", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "concurrent MDE and panic disorder ( MDE + P )" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84936", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of tidal volumes obtained by one-handed and two-handed ventilation techniques . OBJECTIVES To compare tidal volumes delivered by one- vs two-handed compressions of a manual resuscitation bag and assess the effects of subject characteristics on those tidal volumes . DESIGN Subjects ( 108 healthcare providers from a 500-bed teaching hospital ) were assigned randomly to one of two procedures : one- followed by two-handed compression or two- followed by one-handed compression . A 1-liter resuscitation bag , lung performance analyzer and Wright spirometer were used to measure tidal volume . Data collection occurred in a simulated situation . RESULTS There was a significant difference in tidal volume delivered by one-handed ( mean = 694 mL , SD = 111 ) vs two-handed compressions ( mean = 827 mL , SD = 113 ) . Hand size , grip strength , height and weight were correlated with tidal volumes generated by one-handed and two-handed procedures . No other subject characteristics were correlated with tidal volumes . CONCLUSIONS Tidal volumes delivered by healthcare providers using one- vs two-handed compressions were found to be significantly different , with those delivered by two hands significantly greater than those delivered by one hand . Strength of hand grip was the best predictor of volume delivered and was more strongly correlated with volumes delivered by one rather than two hands ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1412 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84937", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one-handed and two-handed ventilation techniques ." ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84938", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one- vs two-handed compressions of a manual resuscitation bag" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84939", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one- followed by two-handed compression or two- followed by one-handed compression ." ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84940", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one-handed" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84941", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two-handed compressions" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84942", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one-handed" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84943", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two-handed" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84944", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one-" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84945", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vs" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84946", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two-handed compressions" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84947", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two hands" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84948", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one hand ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84949", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "one" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84950", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "two hands ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84951", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tidal volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84952", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tidal volumes" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84953", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tidal volumes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Tidal volumes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84955", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "one-handed" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84956", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "two-handed ventilation techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84957", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "108" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84958", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "simulated" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84960", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Opiate hypothesis in infantile autism ? Therapeutic trials with naltrexone ] . The opioid hypothesis suggests that childhood autism may result from excessive brain opioid activity during neonatal period which may constitutionally inhibit social motivation , yielding autistic isolation and aloofness ( Panksepp , 1979 ) . This hypothesis has now received strong support and is currently based on three types of arguments : ( 1 ) similarity between autistic symptomatology and abnormal behaviors induced in young animals by injections of exogenous opioids , such as increasing social aloofness and decreasing social vocalization ; ( 2 ) direct biochemical evidence of abnormalities of peripheral endogenous opioids being reported in autism and ( 3 ) therapeutic effects of the long lasting opioid receptor blocking agent naltrexone in autism . In this article , we give description of open and double-blind studies of naltrexone in autism . Naltrexone has been tested in several open studies . We performed an open trial with naltrexone in 2 autistic girls , displaying serious self-injurious behavior , reduced crying and a marked preference for salty and spicy foods , symptoms that could be related to a dysfunction of the opioid system . With dosages of 1 mg/kg/day , we observed an immediate reduction of hyperactivity , self-injurious behavior and aggressiveness , while attention improved . In addition , social behaviors , smiling , social seeking behaviors and play interactions increased ( Leboyer , Bouvard et Dugas , 1988 ) . Campbell et al . ( 1988 ) has also reported a tranquilizing and a stimulating effect in 6 out of 8 children with autism . We did confirm these preliminary results in a double-blind study performed on 4 children with autism . In a cross-over double-blind study , three dosages of naltrexone ( 0.5 , 1 and 2 mg/kg/day ) and placebo were compared . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1920 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84961", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84962", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84963", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 952 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84964", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84965", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reduction of hyperactivity , self-injurious behavior and aggressiveness , while attention improved" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84966", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social behaviors , smiling , social seeking behaviors and play interactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84967", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tranquilizing and a stimulating effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84968", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infantile autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84969", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84970", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84971", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84972", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "displaying serious self-injurious behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84973", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "reduced crying" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84974", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "marked preference for salty and spicy foods" ], "offsets": [ [ 1126, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84975", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "4" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84976", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1646 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "84978", "type": "document", "text": [ "Enoxaparin in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after major surgery : multicentric study . The Italian Study Group . DVT is a very frequent complication of general surgery . Heparin and , more recently , LMWHs can successfully prevent post surgical thromboembolism . One thousand one hundred and twenty-two patients ( 533 males and 589 females ; mean age 62.2 +/- 11.4 yrs ) were enrolled in a multicentre controlled study , to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in comparison to calcium heparin in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis ( DVT ) following general surgery . Patients assigned to the enoxaparin and the calcium heparin groups received 1 daily dose of 20 mg ( 2000 I.U . ) and 2 daily doses of 0.2 ml ( 5000 I.U . ) , respectively starting 2 hours before the operation . Both drugs were given by subcutaneous route . A Doppler or Duplex Scan diagnosis of DVT was made in 3 ( 0.5 % ) patients in the enoxaparin group ( 2 cases during treatment and 1 patient at the end of treatment ) and in 6 ( 1.1 % ) patients in the calcium heparin group ( 5 cases during treatment and 1 , bilateral , after the end of treatment ) . Pulmonary embolism ( PE ) was ascertained by angiography in 1 patient ( 0.18 % ) in the enoxaparin group and in 2 patients ( 0.36 % ) in the calcium heparin one . Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 29 patients ( 5.2 % ) in the enoxaparin group and in 34 ( 6.1 % ) in the calcium heparin group . Haematomas located in the injection site were reported in 16.1 % and 25.3 % in the enoxaparin and calcium heparin groups respectively ( p = 0.0001 ) . Local pain in the injection site at the 5th day of treatment was reported in 8.4 % and 16.6 % in the enoxaparin and calcium heparin groups respectively ( p = 0.0001 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1806 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "84979", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84980", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LMWHs" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84984", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84985", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84986", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84987", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84988", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84989", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84990", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84991", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84992", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84993", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "venous thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DVT" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84995", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "post surgical thromboembolism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84996", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep venous thrombosis ( DVT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84997", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DVT" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84998", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pulmonary embolism ( PE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "84999", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hemorrhagic complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1316, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85000", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Haematomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85001", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85002", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One thousand one hundred and twenty-two patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85003", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "533" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85004", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "589" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85005", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age 62.2 +/- 11.4 yrs" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85007", "type": "document", "text": [ "Altered peripheral vasodilator profile of nitroglycerin during long-term infusion of N-acetylcysteine . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the short- and long-term effects of intravenous nitroglycerin plus placebo and nitroglycerin plus N-acetylcysteine on peripheral arteries , veins and microcirculation in humans . BACKGROUND The thiol donor N-acetylcysteine may potentiate the hemodynamic response to nitrates in nitrate-tolerant and nontolerant patients . The vascular changes responsible for this effect are not clear . METHODS Eight male volunteers were treated with nitroglycerin ( 0.1 microgram/kg per min ) combined with N-acetylcysteine ( 2 g intravenously , followed by 5 mg/kg per h ) or placebo for 23 h in a double-blind , randomized , crossover study . Venous volume , the diameter of the radial and temporal arteries , calf blood flow and subcutaneous blood flow were measured at baseline and repeated after 1 and 23 h of infusion . RESULTS Prolonged coadministration of N-acetylcysteine and nitroglycerin potentiated the acute venodilator effect of nitroglycerin as estimated by changes in venous volume ( nitroglycerin plus N-acetylcysteine , 4.45 +/- 0.36 ml/100 g ; nitroglycerin plus placebo , 3.65 +/- 0.46 ml/100 g , mean +/- SEM , p < 0.05 ) and prevented development of tolerance as seen after 23 h of treatment with nitroglycerin plus placebo ( 4.35 +/- 0.25 vs. 3.47 +/- 0.41 ml/100 g , p < 0.05 ) . N-acetylcysteine had no effect on nitroglycerin-induced changes in arterial diameters ( p > 0.05 ) but significantly increased microcirculatory subcutaneous blood flow after 1 h ( nitroglycerin plus N-acetylcysteine : 6.3 +/- 1.3 ml/100 g per min vs. nitroglycerin plus placebo : 3.5 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g per min , p < 0.05 ) and after 23 h ( 4.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.5 ml/100 g per min , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that coadministration of nitroglycerin and N-acetylcysteine in humans 1 ) potentiates and preserves nitroglycerin-induced venodilation and 2 ) augments the effect of nitroglycerin on small resistance vessels ( regulating subcutaneous blood flow ) without affecting the response to nitroglycerin in middle-sized arteries . Both the development of nitrate tolerance and the administration of N-acetylcysteine significantly change the normal vasodilator profile of nitroglycerin in humans ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2359 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85008", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "intravenous nitroglycerin plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85009", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin plus N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85011", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin ( 0.1 microgram/kg per min )" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 629 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85012", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85013", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85014", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine and nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1035 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85015", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin plus N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85016", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "nitroglycerin plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85017", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85018", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 1475, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85019", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin plus N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85021", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin and N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 1475, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85024", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85025", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral vasodilator profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85026", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "short- and long-term effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Venous volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diameter of the radial and temporal arteries , calf blood flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85029", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "subcutaneous blood flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85030", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute venodilator effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1076 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in venous volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85032", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "development of tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1294, 1318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nitroglycerin-induced changes in arterial diameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1475, 1526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85034", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "microcirculatory subcutaneous blood flow after 1 h" ], "offsets": [ [ 1568, 1618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85035", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nitroglycerin-induced venodilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1972, 2006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85036", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effect of nitroglycerin on small resistance vessels" ], "offsets": [ [ 2028, 2079 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85037", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85038", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "regulating subcutaneous blood flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 2082, 2116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85039", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ ") without affecting the response to nitroglycerin in middle-sized arteries ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2117, 2193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85040", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nitrate tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 2218, 2235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85041", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vasodilator profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85042", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85043", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85045", "type": "document", "text": [ "A workplace intervention for increasing outdoor workers ' use of solar protection . OBJECTIVES Outdoor workers are at high risk of developing skin cancer . Primary prevention in this group can potentially reduce the incidence of skin cancer , and also potentiates the spontaneous remission of existing solar keratoses . A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate a solar protection intervention targeting outdoor workers . METHODS Outdoor workers were randomly allocated to an intervention ( n = 65 ) or control group ( n = 77 ) . The intervention group received individual skin screening by a dermatologist and participated in an education session . Pre- and posttest outcome measures included solar protection behavior ( assessed using a validated diary ) , knowledge , and attitudes . RESULTS There was a significant increase ( 16 % ) in the percentage of outdoor workers who were using a high level of solar protection at posttest compared to pretest in the intervention group , but there was no change in the control group . Although both groups improved in their knowledge score , the intervention group showed a significantly greater improvement at posttest . No changes in attitudes were detected . CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that changes in solar protection are achievable with outdoor workers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1323 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85046", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "workplace intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85047", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "solar protection intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85048", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85049", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85050", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "individual skin screening by a dermatologist and participated in an education session ." ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85051", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "solar protection behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85052", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85053", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85054", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significant increase" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85055", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "high level of solar protection" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 935 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85056", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "no change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85057", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "improved" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85058", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "knowledge score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85059", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "intervention group showed a significantly greater improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85060", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "No changes in attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85061", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "solar protection" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85062", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "65" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85063", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "77" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 539 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85065", "type": "document", "text": [ "Omeprazole ameliorates aspirin-induced gastroduodenal injury . Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) damage the gastroduodenal epithelium by two mechanisms : direct toxic effects and effects related to the depletion of endogenous prostaglandins . The prostaglandin-depleted mucosa has increased susceptibility to luminal aggressive factors , yet the role of acid in the pathogenesis of the NSAID ulcer is controversial . In humans , standard doses of H2-receptor antagonists prevent only duodenal injury and provide no protection for the gastric mucosa . It is not known whether more potent suppression of acid can prevent NSAID damage . Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized to a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study to determine if omeprazole , 40 mg/day prevents gastroduodenal injury due to two weeks of aspirin administration ( 650 mg four times a day ) . The severity of mucosal injury was quantitated by endoscopy and stratified by a scale from 0 ( normal ) to 4 ( ulcer ) . Fourteen of the 20 subjects had less gastric injury during cotherapy with omeprazole . All six with no difference received aspirin plus omeprazole in the first treatment period . Omeprazole significantly decreased aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury ( P < 0.001 , Wilcoxon signed-rank test ) . Omeprazole protected 85 % of subjects from extensive gastric erosions ( often associated with evidence of intraluminal bleeding ) or ulceration , whereas 70 % of the subjects developed aspirin-induced grades 3 and 4 gastric injury on placebo ( P < 0.01 by chi 2 ) . No subject taking omeprazole developed duodenal injury of any grade , while 50 % taking placebo developed erosions and 15 % had ulcer ( P < 0.001 ) . Medication side effects were mild in the majority of subjects . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1834 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85066", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85067", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NSAID" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 118 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85069", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole , 40 mg/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85071", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85072", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85073", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85074", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85075", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin-induced" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85076", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85077", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severity of mucosal injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85079", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gastric injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85081", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "extensive gastric erosions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1362, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85082", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ulceration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85083", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aspirin-induced grades 3 and 4 gastric injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1504, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85084", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duodenal injury of any grade" ], "offsets": [ [ 1624, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85085", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erosions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85086", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85087", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gastroduodenal injury ." ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85088", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Twenty healthy volunteers were randomized" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 700 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85090", "type": "document", "text": [ "Naltrexone in autistic children : behavioral symptoms and attentional learning . OBJECTIVE To assess critically the short-term efficacy and safety of naltrexone in autistic children and its effects on discrimination learning in the laboratory . METHOD A parallel group design was employed . After a 2-week placebo baseline period , children were randomly assigned either to naltrexone or to placebo for a period of 3 weeks followed by a one-week posttreatment placebo period . Multiple raters and rating scales were employed in a variety of conditions . Forty-one children , all inpatients , ages 2.9 to 7.8 years , completed the study . Naltrexone reduced hyperactivity and had no effect on discrimination learning in the laboratory . There was a suggestion that it had a beneficial effect on decreasing self-injurious behavior . Untoward effects were mild and transient . CONCLUSION In the present study , naltrexone significantly reduced only hyperactivity , and no serious untoward effects were observed . The effectiveness of naltrexone in the treatment of autism and self-injurious behavior requires additional assessment in a sample of children with moderate to severe self-injurious behavior ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1201 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85091", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85092", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85093", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85094", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85095", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85096", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85097", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85098", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85099", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "discrimination learning" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85100", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "self-injurious behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85101", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Untoward effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 847 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85102", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85103", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serious untoward effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85104", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85105", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85106", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85107", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85108", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85109", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85110", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inpatients" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85111", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "2.9 to 7.8 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85112", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85113", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "moderate to severe self-injurious behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85115", "type": "document", "text": [ "The incidence of first-dose hypotension with quinapril in patients with mild to moderate hypertension . A total of 2242 patients with mild to moderate hypertension ( diastolic pressure 95-120 mmHg ) were randomised on a double-blind basis to receive a single dose of placebo , 5 mg quinapril or 10 mg quinapril . Patients were identified who : ( a ) met the blood pressure ( BP ) criteria for first-dose hypotension ( sitting or standing systolic BP < 100 mmHg , or a fall in systolic BP > or = 20 mmHg on standing ) ; ( b ) had symptoms suggestive of hypotension ; and ( c ) met the BP criteria and had symptoms . In all three classifications there were no statistically significant differences between the incidences in placebo and combined active treatment groups , or between those in the two quinapril groups . No associated serious adverse events were reported . In the low-risk population studied , it would appear that the incidence of first-dose hypotension with quinapril is similar to placebo and is not dose-related ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1029 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85116", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quinapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85117", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85118", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quinapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85119", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quinapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85120", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85121", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "associated serious adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85122", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85123", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2242" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85124", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to moderate hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85125", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sitting or standing systolic BP < 100 mmHg" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85126", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "a fall in systolic BP > or = 20 mmHg on standing" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85127", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "symptoms suggestive of hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85128", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low-risk population" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 895 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85130", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Hemostatic balance during treatment with the newest contraceptives ] . Thirty-four healthy young women were allocated to 12 consecutive cycles of treatment with monophasic combinations of : 20 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms desogestrel ( n = 15 ) or 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene ( n = 19 ) . In both groups plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII increased while the capacity of coagulation inhibition was affected by increased protein C and decreased protein S levels . Increased fibrinolytic capacity was indicated by elevated activity and reduced antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator and reduced activity and concentration of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor . The ratio between thrombin-antithrombin-III-complexes and fibrin degradation products were unchanged signifying no effect of hormonal intake on the balance between thrombin formation and fibrin resolution . In conclusion , the dynamic balance between generation and resolution of fibrin was undisturbed during treatment with both hormonal compounds and our findings do not provide evidence for increased risk of thrombosis in normal women ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1173 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85131", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "monophasic combinations of : 20 micrograms ethinyl estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85132", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "150 micrograms desogestrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85133", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "75 micrograms gestodene" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85135", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85136", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased protein C and decreased protein S levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85137", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinolytic capacity" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85138", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antigen levels of tissue plasminogen activator" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85139", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentration of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor ." ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85140", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ratio between thrombin-antithrombin-III-complexes and fibrin degradation products" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85141", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85142", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85143", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young women" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85144", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "normal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85145", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 104 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85147", "type": "document", "text": [ "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) allows acceleration and dose intensity increase of CEF chemotherapy : a randomised study in patients with advanced breast cancer . A randomised study was conducted in 62 patients with advanced breast cancer to assess whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) would yield an increase in the dose intensity of a standard-dose CEF regimen through an acceleration of chemotherapy administration . Patients received CEF ( cyclophosphamide 600 mg m-2 , epidoxorubicin 60 mg m-2 and fluorouracil 600 mg m-2 ) i.v . on day 1 or the same chemotherapy , plus GM-CSF 10 micrograms kg-1 s.c. starting from day 4 , repeated as soon as haematopoietic recovery from nadir occurred . Patients in the CEF + GM-CSF group received chemotherapy at a median interval of 16 days compared with 20 days in the control group . This led to a significant increase ( P = 0.02 ) in the dose intensity actually administered in the third , fourth and sixth cycles : +28 % , +25 % , +20 % respectively . Non-haematological toxicity was mild . GM-CSF had to be reduced or suspended in 50 % of patients because of toxicity . Haematological toxicity , mainly cumulative anaemia and thrombocytopenia , was manageable . An increase in response rate for patients with measurable disease , of borderline statistical significance ( P = 0.088 , P for trend = 0.018 ) , from 42 % in the CEF group to 69 % in the CEF + GM-CSF group , was observed . This randomised trial indicates that GM-CSF is useful for chemotherapy acceleration . Accelerated CEF + GM-CSF is a moderately dose-intensive regimen that can be administered in an outpatient clinic and is associated with a high objective response ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1741 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85148", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85149", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CEF chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85150", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85151", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "standard-dose CEF regimen" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85152", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CEF" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85154", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide 600 mg m-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epidoxorubicin 60 mg m-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fluorouracil 600 mg m-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85157", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85158", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85159", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CEF + GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85160", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CEF" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85162", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CEF + GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CEF + GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85165", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Non-haematological toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85166", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85167", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Haematological toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85168", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cumulative anaemia and thrombocytopenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85169", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85170", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with advanced breast cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85171", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "62" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85172", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with advanced breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85174", "type": "document", "text": [ "MR imaging of pituitary region lesions with gadodiamide injection . Twelve patients with known or suspected pituitary lesions underwent MR imaging with gadodiamide injection at a dose of 0.1 ( n = 5 ) or 0.3 ( n = 7 ) mM/kg . Six of the patients were also studied with 0.1 mM/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine . Consistent with previous reports gadodiamide injection was found to be a safe and effective contrast medium for MR imaging of the pituitary region . No additional diagnostic information was obtained using 0.3 mM/kg gadodiamide injection compared to 0.1 mM/kg gadopentate dimeglumine in the same patients . The high dose ( 0.3 mM/kg ) gadodiamide injection in 7 patients did not shorten the T2 value sufficiently to overwhelm the T1 shortening and leave pathologic lesions hypointense compared to precontrast studies . With the comparable relaxivities of gadodiamide injection and gadopentetate dimeglumine , similarities in results have to be expected when using these media for MR image enhancement ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1008 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85175", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadodiamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85176", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "MR imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85177", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadodiamide injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85178", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "0.1 mM/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadodiamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85180", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadodiamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85181", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadodiamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85182", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadodiamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85183", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gadopentetate dimeglumine" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85184", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe and effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85185", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "shorten the T2 value sufficiently" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85186", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "T1 shortening" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85187", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "leave pathologic lesions hypointense" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85190", "type": "document", "text": [ "Does wavelength matter when photocoagulating eyes with macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy ?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "85192", "type": "document", "text": [ "Continuous chemotherapy in responsive metastatic breast cancer : a role for tumour markers ? A biochemical response index comprising ESR , CEA and CA 15.3 was evaluated in 67 patients with systemic breast cancer treated by chemotherapy ; 55 were assessable by UICC criteria and the response index ( 96 % of all UICC assessable patients ) . Marker changes at 2 and 4 months showed a highly significant correlation with the UICC assessed response at 3 and 6 months ( P < 0.001 ) ; sensitivity 100 % , specificity 87 % ; positive predictive value 85 % ; negative predictive value 100 % . This index was then used to select out truly responsive patients and to prospectively direct their chemotherapy . Twenty-six responding ( biochemical/clinical ) patients were randomised to discontinue cytotoxics after 6 months and move to maintenance hormones ( n = 13 ) or continue chemotherapy whilst the biochemical markers kept falling or remained within the normal range . Biochemical progression prompted a change of chemotherapy . Continuous chemotherapy in biochemically defined responders was associated with a significant lengthening of remission duration and an improved quality of life and survival . We are now using the index to routinely direct chemotherapy and select out true responders for maintenance chemotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1319 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85193", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Continuous chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85194", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85195", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "discontinue cytotoxics after 6 months and move to maintenance hormones" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85196", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "continue chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85197", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Continuous chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85198", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lengthening of remission duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1117, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85199", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improved quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85200", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85201", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85202", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "67" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85203", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "systemic breast cancer treated by chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85204", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "55" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85205", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "assessable by UICC criteria" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85207", "type": "document", "text": [ "A program of screening and prompting improves short-term physician counseling of dependent and nondependent harmful drinkers . BACKGROUND Physicians in the general medical setting commonly encounter but rarely counsel patients with dependent or harmful drinking behaviors . We tested whether providing physicians with their patients ' results on the alcohol module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and counseling directives would prompt them to counsel these patients . METHODS We randomly assigned 83 first- , second- , and third-year medical residents to receive or not to receive diagnostic information and counseling directives on 214 patients who reported at least one symptom of alcohol impairment as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Third Edition . Using binary logistic regression , we examined the effect of specific covariables on rates of physician counseling . These variables included physician information status , patient gender , and drinking disorder severity and recency . We also examined the effect of physician prompting on counseling of female patients , patients with inactive disorders , and nondependent but harmful drinkers . We determined counseling by post-visit patient interviews . RESULTS Physician prompting , dependent drinking , and recent disorder activity were significant correlates of physician counseling ( P < .05 ) , while male gender was a marginally significant correlate ( P = .08 ) . Informed physicians counseled female patients , harmful but nondependent drinkers , and patients with inactive disorders more often than their uninformed colleagues , although only the last variable achieved statistical significance . CONCLUSIONS Providing physicians with the results of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and counseling directives resulted in short-term improvement in their rates of counseling patients with a history of dependent or nondependent but harmful drinking . Further research is necessary to determine long-term gains in rates of physician counseling and improvements in the course of these patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2101 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85208", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "receive or not to receive diagnostic information and counseling directives on" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85209", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "binary logistic regression" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85210", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "physician counseling and improvements" ], "offsets": [ [ 2030, 2067 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85211", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Physician prompting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1262, 1281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85212", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "dependent drinking" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85213", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "recent disorder activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85214", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dependent and nondependent harmful drinkers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85216", "type": "document", "text": [ "Low-dose aspirin and incidence of colorectal tumors in a randomized trial . BACKGROUND Laboratory , clinical , and epidemiologic studies have recently suggested that regular use of aspirin can reduce colorectal cancer incidence or mortality . However , observational epidemiologic analyses have had limited opportunity to control for confounding bias or to specify aspirin doses used . PURPOSE Our purpose was to examine the relationship between regular use of low-dose aspirin and incidence of invasive and noninvasive colorectal tumors by utilizing data from the Physicians ' Health Study , a randomized , double-blinded , placebo-controlled trial of aspirin and beta carotene . We also attempted to determine whether invasive cancers among aspirin users were associated with rectal bleeding and early stage at diagnosis . METHODS The Physicians ' Health Study includes 22071 U.S. male physicians . The aspirin arm was terminated in 1988 after a mean follow-up of 5 years . Stage at diagnosis and signs and/or symptoms during presentation were abstracted from medical records . Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risk ( RR ) , 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) , and the association between aspirin and bleeding . Differences between aspirin and placebo groups in tumor risk over time were visualized with Kaplan-Meier curves . We assessed the association between aspirin and stage at diagnosis with a Mann-Whitney rank sum statistic for non-parametric comparison of two ordinal distributions . RESULTS The RR of developing colorectal cancer for aspirin compared with placebo was 1.15 ( 95 % CI = 0.80-1.65 ) . For in situ cancers and polyps , the RR was 0.86 ( 95 % CI = 0.68-1.10 ) . There was no significant trend for decreasing RR by year of follow-up for invasive cancers ( P = .09 ) or noninvasive tumors ( P = .96 ) . Aspirin and placebo groups did not differ in stage or prevalence of rectal bleeding at diagnosis . CONCLUSIONS Regular aspirin use , at a dose adequate for preventing myocardial infarction , was not associated with a substantial reduction in the incidence of colorectal cancer during 5 years of randomized treatment and follow-up . A small decrease in polyps in the aspirin group could not be reliably distinguished from a chance association . Our results suggest that among low-dose aspirin users , ( a ) colorectal cancer mortality is not likely to be reduced by earlier detection and ( b ) incidence is not likely to be increased due to aspirin-induced gastrointestinal bleeding . IMPLICATIONS The potential for a benefit from higher doses of aspirin or longer duration of use should be addressed by more detailed observational epidemiologic studies and prevention trials with longer follow-up of randomized participants ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2780 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85217", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Low-dose aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85219", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85220", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-dose aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85221", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85223", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 678 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85224", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85225", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85226", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85227", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85228", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85229", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "relative risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85230", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "confidence intervals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1162, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85231", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "RR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85232", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "rectal bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 793 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85233", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85234", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "22071" ], "offsets": [ [ 872, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85235", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85237", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of seven antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias . Electrophysiologic Study versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring Investigators . BACKGROUND The relative efficacies of various antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias are not well known . This study examined the effectiveness of imipramine , mexiletine , pirmenol , procainamide , propafenone , quinidine , and sotalol in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias who were enrolled in the Electrophysiologic Study versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring trial . METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to undergo serial testing of the efficacy of the seven antiarrhythmic drugs by one of two strategies : electrophysiologic study or Holter monitoring together with exercise testing . The seven drugs were then tested for efficacy in random order in patients who were eligible to receive them . The frequencies of predictions of drug efficacy and of adverse drug effects during the initial drug titration were tabulated for all 486 randomized subjects . Patients received long-term treatment with the first antiarrhythmic drug that was predicted to be effective on the basis of drug testing . Recurrences of arrhythmia , deaths , and adverse drug effects during long-term follow-up were recorded for the 296 patients in whom an antiarrhythmic drug was predicted to be effective . RESULTS In the electrophysiologic-study group , the percentage of patients who had predictions of drug efficacy was higher with sotalol ( 35 percent ) than with the other drugs ( 16 percent , P < 0.001 ) . There was no significant difference among the drugs in the Holter-monitoring group . The percentage of patients with adverse drug effects was lowest among those receiving sotalol . The actuarial probability of a recurrence of arrhythmia after a prediction of drug efficacy by either strategy was significantly lower for patients treated with sotalol than for patients treated with the other drugs ( risk ratio , 0.43 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.29 to 0.62 ; P < 0.001 ) . With sotalol , as compared with the other drugs combined , there were lower risks of death from any cause ( risk ratio , 0.50 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.30 to 0.80 ; P = 0.004 ) , death from cardiac causes , ( 0.50 ; P = 0.02 ) , and death from arrhythmia ( 0.50 ; P = 0.04 ) . The cumulative percentage of patients in whom a drug was predicted to be effective and in whom it remained effective and tolerated was higher for sotalol than for the other drugs ( P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Sotalol was more effective than the other six antiarrhythmic drugs in preventing death and recurrences of arrhythmia . In patients similar to those in this study , if antiarrhythmic-drug therapy is to be used to prevent recurrences of ventricular tachyarrhythmias , treatment with sotalol and assessment of its potential efficacy by Holter monitoring are a reasonable initial strategy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2967 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85238", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiarrhythmic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85239", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85240", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85241", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pirmenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85242", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85243", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propafenone" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85244", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quinidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85245", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sotalol" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85246", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "electrophysiologic study or Holter monitoring together with exercise testing" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 801 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85247", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "drug efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85248", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "higher" ], "offsets": [ [ 1515, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85249", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "no significant difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1615, 1640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85250", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patients with adverse drug effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1708, 1742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85251", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "lowest" ], "offsets": [ [ 1747, 1753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85252", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "actuarial probability of a recurrence of arrhythmia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1790, 1841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85253", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "significantly lower" ], "offsets": [ [ 1901, 1920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85254", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "lower risks of death" ], "offsets": [ [ 2156, 2176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85255", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "death from arrhythmia" ], "offsets": [ [ 2330, 2351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85256", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ventricular tachyarrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85257", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ventricular tachyarrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85258", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "486" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85259", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "296" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85261", "type": "document", "text": [ "Fusidic acid prophylaxis before cataract surgery : patient self-administration . In a placebo-controlled , randomised , double-blind clinical trial , the authors evaluated the efficacy of patient-administered 1 % fusidic acid viscous eye drops in clearing the commonest organisms causing pseudophakic endophthalmitis ( Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus ) from the lids and conjunctivae of 79 patients before cataract surgery . The treatment group self-administered fusidic acid viscous eye drops four times daily for seven days before surgery ; the placebo group received inert ophthalmic drops . Fellow eyes of both groups remained untreated as a natural control . Lower fornix and lid margin cultures were taken from both eyes before and after treatment . Before treatment , there was no statistical difference in organism counts between the groups . After treatment , eyes receiving fusidic acid were more likely to be free of clinically relevant Staphylococcus spp . than all pre-treatment eyes ( for lids , P < 0.001 ; conjunctivae , P = 0.02 ) . A highly significant ( P < 0.001 ) number of lid margins were rendered 'clinically clean ' ( i.e. , 0-49 organisms/swab ) by fusidic acid when compared with untreated eyes . Treatment also effectively ( P < 0.05 ) reduced the numbers of bacteria isolated from conjunctivae . This study indicates that there is a highly significant reduction of Staphylococcus spp . ( P < 0.001 ) , non-Staphylococcus spp . ( P < 0.001 ) and attainment of sterile eyes ( P < 0.001 ) at operation gained by patient self-administration of 1 % fusidic acid four times daily for seven days before surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1640 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85262", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fusidic acid viscous eye drops" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85263", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fusidic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85264", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "inert ophthalmic drops ." ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85265", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fusidic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85266", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "organism counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 835 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85267", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of lid margins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85268", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "numbers of bacteria isolated from conjunctivae" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85269", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "79 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 404 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85271", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomised prospective study comparing the new vacuum extractor policy with forceps delivery . OBJECTIVE To compare assisted vaginal delivery by forceps with delivery by vacuum extractor , where a new vacuum extractor policy was employed which dictated the cup to be used in specific situations . DESIGN Multicentre randomised controlled trial . SETTING Four district general hospitals in the West Midlands . SUBJECTS Six hundred-seven women requiring assisted vaginal delivery , of whom 296 were allocated to vacuum extractor delivery and 311 to forceps . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Delivery success rate , maternal perineal and vaginal injuries , maternal anaesthetic requirements , neonatal scalp and facial injuries . RESULTS Of the vacuum extractor group , 85 % were delivered by the allocated instrument compared to 90 % in the forceps group ( odds ratio ( OR ) 0.64 ; 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) 0.4-1.04 ) . However , more women in the vacuum extractor group were delivered vaginally ( 98 % ) than in the forceps group ( 96 % ) . There were significantly fewer women with anal sphincter damage or upper vaginal extensions in the vacuum extractor group ( 11 % vs 17 % , OR 0.6 ; 95 % CI , 0.38-0.97 ) . There were significantly fewer women in the vacuum extractor group requiring epidural or spinal anaesthetics ( 25.4 % vs 32.7 % , OR 0.69 ; 95 % CI 0.49-0.99 ) or general anaesthetics ( 1 % vs 4 % , OR 0.17 ; 95 % CI 0.04-0.76 ) . Although there were significantly more babies in the vacuum extractor group with cephalhaematomata ( 9 % vs 3 % , OR 3.3 ; 95 % CI 1.4-7.4 ) there were fewer babies in the vacuum extractor group with other facial injuries . There were three babies in the forceps group with unexplained neonatal convulsions . CONCLUSIONS Assisted vaginal delivery using the new vacuum extractor policy is associated with significantly less maternal trauma than with forceps . Further studies are required to assess neonatal morbidity adequately ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1972 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85272", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "allocated to vacuum extractor delivery and 311 to forceps ." ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85273", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Delivery success rate , maternal perineal and vaginal injuries , maternal anaesthetic requirements , neonatal scalp and facial injuries ." ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85274", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anal sphincter damage or upper vaginal extensions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85275", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "epidural or spinal anaesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85276", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "general anaesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1375, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85277", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cephalhaematomata" ], "offsets": [ [ 1524, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85278", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "facial injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 716 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85279", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "unexplained neonatal convulsions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1717, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85280", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85281", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maternal trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1866, 1881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85282", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six hundred-seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85283", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "assisted vaginal delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85284", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "296" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85286", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of the effectiveness and patient tolerance of oral sodium phosphate , castor oil , and standard electrolyte lavage for colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy preparation . One hundred thirteen patients were randomized to receive either oral sodium phosphate ( Fleet Phospho-Soda ) , lemon-flavored castor oil ( Purge ) , or standard polyethylene glycol-based lavage solution ( GoLYTELY ) before elective colonoscopy . The study purpose was to confirm the efficacy of oral sodium phosphate and extend observations to include castor oil . Overall , patients reported that sodium phosphate and castor oil were easier to complete ( p < 0.05 ) . Scores for cleansing the entire colon as determined by endoscopists who were blinded to the cathartic agent were highest in patients receiving sodium phosphate ( p < 0.02 ) . Scores of left-colon cleansing for flexible sigmoidoscopy were equally high for the three methods . Scores for taste and symptom side effects were similar for each preparation . There were no recognized signs or symptoms of hypocalcemia in the sodium phosphate group . Because of the low cost of oral sodium phosphate combined with the lowest repeat endoscopy rate for inadequate cleansing , patient savings were projected to be $ 5000 per 100 patients at this center . Oral sodium phosphate is a cost-effective colonoscopy preparation that is better tolerated and more effective than the polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution or castor oil ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1471 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral sodium phosphate ( Fleet Phospho-Soda )" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85288", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lemon-flavored castor oil ( Purge )" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85289", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard polyethylene glycol-based lavage solution ( GoLYTELY )" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85291", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "castor oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85293", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "castor oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85294", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85295", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85296", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85297", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 1408, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85298", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "castor oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Scores for cleansing the entire colon" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85300", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Scores of left-colon cleansing for flexible sigmoidoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85301", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Scores for taste" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 935 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85302", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "and symptom side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85303", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signs or symptoms of hypocalcemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85304", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient savings" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85305", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy preparation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85307", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prevention of regimen-related toxicities after bone marrow transplantation by pentoxifylline : a prospective , randomized trial . Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha ) have been reported to correlate with the development of transplant-related complications after bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) . In a recent phase I-II trial , oral administration of pentoxifylline ( PTX ) , a xanthine derivative capable of downregulating TNF-alpha production in vitro , was reported to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing BMT . We conducted a prospective randomized trial of PTX therapy among 140 patients undergoing either allogeneic ( n = 51 ) or autologous BMT ( n = 89 ) . Patients were randomized to receive ( n = 70 ) or not receive ( n = 70 ) oral PTX , 1,600 mg/d in four divided doses from day -8 until day + 100 post-BMT . The incidence of mucositis requiring morphine sulfate ( MSO4 ) was similar in both groups ( 42.9 % ) , with the mean number of days with MSO4 being 7.8 ( SD = 3.4 ) in the PTX group versus 8.2 ( SD = 3.4 ) in the control group ( NS ) . The incidence of renal insufficiency was not affected by PTX administration ( 15.7 % in the PTX group v 21.4 % in the control group [ NS ] ) and the highest serum creatinine value during the first 100 days post-BMT was 119 mumol/L ( SD = 82.4 ) in the PTX group versus 103.9 mumol/L ( SD = 57 ) in the control group ( NS ) . The incidence of grade > or = 2 graft-versus-host disease was similar in each group ( 11/25 [ 44 % ] in the PTX group v 12/26 [ 46 % ] in the control group ) . No significant difference was observed in hematologic toxicity , transfusion requirements , duration of fever , and hepatic toxicity between the treatment groups . In conclusion , our study failed to show a prophylactic effect of PTX in transplant-related toxicities after BMT . On the basis of these findings , we can not recommend that PTX be part of early mortality and morbidity prevention programs after BMT ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1999 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85308", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85309", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline ( PTX )" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85310", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85311", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85312", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85313", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85314", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85315", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of mucositis requiring morphine sulfate ( MSO4 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85316", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of renal insufficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85317", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum creatinine value" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85318", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of grade > or = 2 graft-versus-host disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85319", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematologic toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1627, 1647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "transfusion requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 1677, 1694 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85322", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hepatic toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1701, 1717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85323", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after bone marrow transplantation by pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85324", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bone marrow transplantation ( BMT ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85325", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85326", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "140" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85327", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "51" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 674 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85328", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85329", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "89" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 703 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85330", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "BMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 316, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85332", "type": "document", "text": [ "A multicenter study on the use of pulsed low-intensity direct current for healing chronic stage II and stage III decubitus ulcers . BACKGROUND AND DESIGN Pulsed low-intensity direct current ( 300 to 600 microA ) has been used in a double-blind placebo multicenter study in the treatment of stage II and stage III chronic decubitus ulcers . RESULTS Seventy-four ulcers were treated in four centers . Forty-three patients were selected for the experimental group , and 31 control subjects used the sham instrument ( placebo group ) . In the treated group , 25 ulcers ( 58 % ) healed in 8 weeks , whereas in the placebo group , only one ulcer ( 3 % ) healed and most ulcers increased in size . Statistical analysis , based on surface area and ulcer depth before and after treatment , showed that low-intensity direct current had a significant influence on the healing rates for these ulcers ( P < .0001 ) . Experiments with guinea pigs ( n = 10 ) showed that pulsed low-intensity direct current caused a rapid calcium flux in the epidermis . CONCLUSIONS Pulsed low-intensity direct current represents a useful approach for the treatment of stage II and stage III chronic decubitus ulcers by increasing the healing rate . The growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes may be enhanced by pulsed low-intensity direct current due to changes in calcium homeostasis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1356 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85333", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pulsed low-intensity direct current" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85334", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Pulsed low-intensity direct current ( 300 to 600 microA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85335", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "sham instrument ( placebo group ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 496, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85336", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low-intensity direct current" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85337", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pulsed low-intensity direct current" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85338", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Pulsed low-intensity direct current" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85339", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pulsed low-intensity direct current" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85340", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic stage II and stage III decubitus ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85341", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stage II and stage III chronic decubitus ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85342", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85343", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85344", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "healing rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85345", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rapid calcium flux" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85346", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stage II and stage III chronic decubitus ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85347", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calcium homeostasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85348", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic stage II" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85349", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage III decubitus ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85350", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage II" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85351", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage III chronic decubitus ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85352", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85353", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85354", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-three" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85355", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "31" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85357", "type": "document", "text": [ "Use of activated charcoal in a simulated poisoning with acetaminophen : a new loading dose for N-acetylcysteine ? STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of a supranormal dose of N-acetylcysteine to overcome the effects of activated charcoal on N-acetylcysteine bioavailability and to determine the effects of activated charcoal on serum acetaminophen levels . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Ten healthy adult volunteers participated in a controlled cross-over experiment . During phase I ( control ) , subjects ingested 3 g acetaminophen , followed one hour later by the normal loading dose of N-acetylcysteine ( 140 mg/kg ) . During phase II ( charcoal ) , subjects ingested 3 g acetaminophen , followed one hour later by 60 g activated charcoal and a supranormal loading dose of N-acetylcysteine ( 235 mg/kg ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum levels of N-acetylcysteine were measured every 30 minutes for six hours . A serum acetaminophen level was measured at four hours . RESULTS The area under the curve for N-acetylcysteine was significantly higher for phase II than phase I ( P < .05 , two-tailed paired t-test ) . Peak N-acetylcysteine and time to peak were not significantly different . The four-hour serum acetaminophen level was significantly lower for phase II than phase I ( P < .05 , two-tailed paired t-test ) . Diarrhea occurred during both phases , but N-acetylcysteine was otherwise well tolerated . CONCLUSION These results suggest that activated charcoal can be used safely for victims of acetaminophen overdose . A beneficial effect in preventing acetaminophen absorption can be expected if it is given within one hour after ingestion . If N-acetylcysteine is needed because of a toxic serum acetaminophen level , bioavailability can be ensured by increasing the N-acetylcysteine loading dose from 140 mg/kg to 235 mg/kg ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1850 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85358", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85359", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85360", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85361", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85362", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "3 g acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85363", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "60 g activated charcoal and a supranormal loading dose of N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85364", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85365", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85367", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85368", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85369", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum levels of N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 878 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85370", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum acetaminophen level" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85371", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Peak N-acetylcysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85372", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to peak" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85373", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "four-hour serum acetaminophen level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85374", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1334, 1342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85375", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85376", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "poisoning with acetaminophen" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85377", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ten" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85378", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adult volunteers" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85379", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acetaminophen overdose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85381", "type": "document", "text": [ "Early versus late replacement of autotransfused blood in elective spinal surgery . A prospective randomized study . The use of autologous blood is a well established and extremely popular technique to decrease the necessity for homologous transfusions and the attendant risks of hepatitis , HIV , and HTLV -- I/II infections . The most beneficial timing for autologous reinfusion of predonated blood remains unknown . The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal timing of autologous blood reinfusion in elective spinal surgery . Fifty-seven patients were prospectively individually randomly allocated into early versus delayed reinfusion groups prior to undergoing elective spinal surgery by a single surgeon . Three surgical subgroups were entered into the study : anterior/posterior ( A/P ) spinal fusion patients , posterior thoracolumbar scoliosis fusion patients ( PSF ) , and degenerative posterior lumbar fusion patients ( LF ) . Randomization was successful in that three was no significant difference in male to female ratio , age , preoperative hemoglobin , or number of units predonated between the early and delayed reinfusion groups . Likewise , there was no significant difference in the details of the operative procedure when compared as a group for the early versus delayed reinfusion groups . A significant increase in the postoperative day # 1 , 2 and 3 hemoglobin was seen in the early reinfusion group , while there was no significant difference seen in the postoperative day # 7 hemoglobin between the early versus delayed reinfusion group . There was no effect of surgical grouping on these significant comparisons . Earlier patient mobilization was also seen in the early reinfusion groups for the A/P and PSF groups . There was no difference in patients ' subjective evaluation of satisfaction and discomfort between the early or delayed reinfusion groups as determined by blinded interview on days 1 , 3 , 5 , and 7 postoperatively . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2009 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Early" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85383", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "late replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85384", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autotransfused blood" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85385", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85386", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autologous blood" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85387", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autologous" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85388", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autologous blood reinfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85389", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85390", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "early" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85391", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "delayed reinfusion groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85392", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "elective spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85393", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "early" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85394", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "delayed reinfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "early reinfusion group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85396", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "early" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85397", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "delayed reinfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 651 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85398", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "early reinfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85399", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "day # 1 , 2 and 3 hemoglobin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85400", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "patient mobilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85401", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elective spinal surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85402", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing elective spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85403", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anterior/posterior ( A/P ) spinal fusion patients , posterior thoracolumbar scoliosis fusion patients ( PSF ) , and degenerative posterior lumbar fusion patients ( LF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85405", "type": "document", "text": [ "Torasemide versus furosemide in cirrhosis : a long-term , double-blind , randomized clinical study . The effects of long-term therapy ( 70 days ) with torasemide ( 20 mg/day ) , a new loop diuretic , were compared with those of furosemide ( 50 mg/day ) in a randomized double-blind trial . Both drugs were administered in association with spironolactone ( 200 mg/day ) in 28 nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with controlled ascites . The treatments did not modify creatinine clearance and exhibited a similar effect on body weight , urinary volume , and fractional excretion of uric acid , sodium , and chloride . The effect of torasemide on fractional potassium excretion was lower than that of furosemide . Torasemide showed higher sparing effect than furosemide on calcium , inorganic phosphate , and magnesium excretion and stronger action on free water clearance . No changes in serum parameters were induced by either treatment . Two episodes of hepatic encephalopathy occurred in the torasemide group . In view of its effects on sodium and water excretion and on other urinary parameters , torasemide can represent an alternative tool for the long-term treatment of ascites ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1180 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85406", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85407", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85408", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85409", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85410", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spironolactone" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85411", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85412", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85413", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85414", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85415", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85416", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 161 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85417", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "creatinine clearance" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85418", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body weight , urinary volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85419", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fractional excretion of uric acid , sodium , and chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85420", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fractional potassium excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85421", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "calcium , inorganic phosphate , and magnesium excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85422", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "free water clearance" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85423", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 882, 898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85424", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "hepatic encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85425", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effects on sodium and water excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "on other urinary parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85428", "type": "document", "text": [ "A prospective randomised comparison of the dynamic hip screw and the gamma locking nail . We made a randomised prospective comparison of the Dynamic Hip Screw and the Gamma locking nail for the internal fixation of 200 petrochanteric femoral fractures in elderly patients . There was less intraoperative blood loss and a lower rate of wound complications in the patients treated by the Gamma nail . They had , however , a high incidence of femoral shaft fracture which we relate in part to implant design . We do not recommend the use of the Gamma nail for these fractures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 574 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85429", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "dynamic hip screw" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85430", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "gamma locking nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85431", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Dynamic Hip Screw" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85432", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "the" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85433", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Gamma locking nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85434", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Gamma nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85435", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Gamma nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85436", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraoperative blood loss and a lower rate of wound complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85437", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "femoral shaft fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85438", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dynamic hip screw" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85439", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gamma locking nail" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85440", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "200" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85441", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "petrochanteric femoral fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85442", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "elderly" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85444", "type": "document", "text": [ "Coping with distress and self harm : the impact of a primary prevention program among adolescents . The effectiveness of a school-based primary prevention psychological program is assessed in the present study . The program was designed to ( a ) improve students ' distress-coping , ( b ) prepare them as \" gatekeepers \" with regard to self-destructive behavior of peers and ( c ) assess the program 's face validity and social validity . The program was primarily based on cognitive-behavioral modification principles , procedures and techniques . Two hundred and thirty-seven students , drawn from six homeroom grade eight classes were randomly assigned to experimental and control ( no intervention ) conditions . The program consisted of seven units passed during twelve weekly one-hour sessions . Overall , the program had a positive effect on attitudes , emotions , knowledge and awareness of distress coping skills . In addition , it had some degree of face validity and social validity from the students ' vantage point . These results lend support to the feasibility of a cognitive-behavioral , school-based prevention program for students ' distress-coping enhancement ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1180 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85445", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "primary prevention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85446", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "school-based primary prevention psychological program" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85447", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cognitive-behavioral , school-based prevention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85448", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "distress-coping" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85449", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "\" gatekeepers \" with regard to self-destructive behavior of peers" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85450", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "face validity" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85451", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social validity" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85452", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes , emotions , knowledge and awareness of distress coping skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85453", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "face validity and social validity" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85454", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive-behavioral , school-based prevention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85455", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85456", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Two hundred and thirty-seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85458", "type": "document", "text": [ "Video rating analysis of effect of maprotiline in patients with dementia and depression . In patients with dementia and mild depression ( DSM-III-R 290.21 ) , the effect of low doses of the antidepressant maprotiline ( up to 75 mg/d ) was examined . The main parameter was a video rating of global impression . The Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMS ) and the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS ) were applied to evaluate the effect of maprotiline on cognitive and depressive symptoms . The double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was of eight weeks ' duration and included 127 patients , randomized in two groups . The antidepressant effect of maprotiline was reflected in the GDS . There was , however , no indication of an effect of maprotiline on cognitive performance . The global impression , evaluated by video rating , gave no indication as to a beneficial effect of the treatment . - The video analysis showed a significant interrater reliability . The discrepancy between the results of the video rating and the GDS is discussed . - The results confirm similar findings of other authors ; i.e. , that a sedating antidepressant with some anticholinergic effects can not be expected to improve cognitive functions despite its antidepressant effect . The main interest of this study , however , lies in its methodology ( video analysis ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1345 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85459", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "maprotiline" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85460", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Mini-Mental State Examination ( MMS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85461", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85462", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85463", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "maprotiline" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85464", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Mini-Mental State Examination" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85465", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Geriatric Depression Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85466", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85467", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reliability" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85468", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85469", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85470", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with dementia and depression ." ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85471", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with dementia and mild depression ( DSM-III-R 290.21 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85473", "type": "document", "text": [ "Sodium-potassium pump activity in white blood cells from children with an increased risk of developing hypertension -- The Odense Schoolchild Study . We have measured the capacity of the sodium-potassium pump , as assessed by 86rubidium uptake and the number of [ 3H ] -ouabain binding sites on white blood cells , in children aged 9-11 years , partly cross-sectionally and partly longitudinally after a physical training programme . Children from a hypertensive subgroup comprising the upper 5 % of the blood pressure distribution and children from a randomly selected normotensive subgroup were eligible for the study . In the cross-sectional study 40 children from the hypertensive subgroup and 40 children from the normotensive subgroup were evaluated . A significant increase in 86rubidium uptake was present in boys as compared to girls . After adjustment for differences in sexual maturation the observed significant difference disappeared . Important correlates of pump activity were height , plasma glucose , and physical fitness . In the training study 10 boys from the hypertensive subgroup and 10 boys from the normotensive subgroup were also evaluated after eight months of physical training . A significant fall in 86rubidium uptake was observed . No control group was examined and probably the changes reflect some effects of sexual maturation on cation handling of cells . These results indicate a significant effect of sexual maturation in capacity of sodium-potassium pump in children ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1504 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85474", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sodium-potassium pump activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85475", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium-potassium pump" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85476", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "physical training programme ." ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85477", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pump activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85478", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sodium-potassium pump" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85479", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "86rubidium uptake" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85480", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "86rubidium uptake" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85481", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sexual maturation on cation handling of cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 1341, 1386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85482", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sexual maturation in capacity of sodium-potassium pump" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85483", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85484", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85485", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85486", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "9-11" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85487", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85488", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85489", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85490", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85491", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85492", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85493", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "40" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85494", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85495", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85496", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85497", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85498", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85499", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85501", "type": "document", "text": [ "Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy : neurological follow-up in 161 recurrence-free breast cancer patients . PURPOSE The purpose was to assess the incidence and clinical manifestations of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy in breast cancer patients , treated according to the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group protocols . METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred and sixty-one recurrence-free breast cancer patients were examined for radiation-induced brachial plexopathy after a median follow-up period of 50 months ( 13-99 months ) . After total mastectomy and axillary node sampling , high-risk patients were randomized to adjuvant therapy . One hundred twenty-eight patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy with 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions over 5 weeks . In addition , 82 of these patients received cytotoxic therapy ( cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and 5-fluorouracil ) and 46 received tamoxifen . RESULTS Five percent and 9 % of the patients receiving radiotherapy had disabling and mild radiation-induced brachial plexopathy , respectively . Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy was more frequent in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy ( p = 0.04 ) and in younger patients ( p = 0.04 ) . The clinical manifestations were paraesthesia ( 100 % ) , hypaesthesia ( 74 % ) , weakness ( 58 % ) , decreased muscle stretch reflexes ( 47 % ) , and pain ( 47 % ) . CONCLUSION The brachial plexus is more vulnerable to large fraction size . Fractions of 2 Gy or less are advisable . Cytotoxic therapy adds to the damaging effect of radiotherapy . Peripheral nerves in younger patients seems more vulnerable . Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy occurs mainly as diffuse damage to the brachial plexus ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1720 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85502", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adjuvant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85503", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85504", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with 50 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85505", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cytotoxic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85506", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide , methotrexate , and 5-fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85507", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85508", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cytotoxic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85509", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "assess the incidence and clinical manifestations" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85510", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disabling and mild radiation-induced brachial plexopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85511", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85512", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "paraesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85513", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hypaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85514", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weakness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85515", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "decreased muscle stretch reflexes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85516", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85517", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "161" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85518", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recurrence-free breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 99 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85519", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "younger" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85521", "type": "document", "text": [ "Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis . BACKGROUND A low-molecular-weight heparin , enoxaparin sodium , has been shown to be effective and safe in preventing deep vein thrombosis both in general surgery and in high-risk orthopedic surgery . We conducted a controlled , randomized trial with enoxaparin in the treatment of established deep vein thrombosis . METHODS In a multicenter trial , we compared fixed-dose subcutaneous enoxaparin , given twice daily , with adjusted-dose intravenous unfractionated heparin ( UFH ) given by continuous intravenous infusion for the initial 10 days of treatment of patients with proximal vein thrombosis . The primary efficacy outcome was the change of the size of the thrombus assessed by repeated venograms between day 0 and day 10 . The primary analysis of safety was based on the incidence of major bleeding during 10 days of treatment . RESULTS There were 67 patients in each group . Venographic assessment of clot size evolution between day 0 and day 10 showed a statistically significant superiority ( P < .002 ) of enoxaparin over the reference treatment with UFH . Moreover , the incidence of overall recurrent thromboembolic events during 10 days of treatment was significantly higher ( P < .002 ) in the UFH group ( seven of 67 ) than in the enoxaparin group ( one of 67 ) . There were no serious bleeding complications in either group . CONCLUSIONS Enoxaparin is at least as effective and safe as UFH under the conditions of this study . Moreover , it is more comfortable for patients and less time-consuming for nurses and laboratories . Thus , our study confirmed , with the use of enoxaparin , other observations that low-molecular-weight heparin provides a real therapeutic advance in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1891 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85522", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-molecular-weight heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85523", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "unfractionated heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85524", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-molecular-weight heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85525", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85526", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85527", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "unfractionated heparin ( UFH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85528", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85529", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "UFH" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85530", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "UFH" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85531", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85532", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85533", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "UFH" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85534", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85535", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-molecular-weight heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85536", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "change of the size of the thrombus" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85537", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of major bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85538", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clot size evolution" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85539", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of overall recurrent thromboembolic events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85540", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serious bleeding complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85541", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "proximal deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85542", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85543", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "proximal vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 754 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85544", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "67" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85545", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85547", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of extradural analgesia on stress responses to abdominal surgery in infants . We studied 40 children younger than 4 yr having elective abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia supplemented with either systemic opioids or extradural bupivacaine . Venous blood samples were obtained before tracheal intubation to measure baseline concentrations of adrenaline , noradrenaline , glucose , ACTH and cortisol . Additional samples were obtained 45 min after the start of surgery , at the end of surgery , 1 h and 24 h after the end of surgery . Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine were measured also in the extradural group at each sampling time . Both techniques provided acceptable analgesia , but the perioperative increases in adrenaline , glucose and ACTH were significantly greater in the opioid group . Noradrenaline concentrations decreased to less than baseline values in the extradural group and were significantly less than in the opioid group . The perioperative increase in cortisol was similar in the two groups , despite the differences in ACTH responses . Most responses returned to the baseline values within 24 h. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations remained within safe limits during the study , but systemic concentrations increased in some of the patients during postoperative infusion with 0.125 % bupivacaine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1335 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85548", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extradural analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85549", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "general anaesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85550", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "systemic opioids or extradural bupivacaine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85551", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85552", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85553", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stress responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85554", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Venous blood samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85555", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentrations of adrenaline , noradrenaline , glucose , ACTH and cortisol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85556", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85557", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "perioperative increases in adrenaline , glucose and ACTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85558", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Noradrenaline concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 842 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85559", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "perioperative increase in cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 999 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85560", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma bupivacaine concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1136, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85561", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systemic concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85562", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "infants ." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85564", "type": "document", "text": [ "Milk protein quantity and quality in low-birth-weight infants . IV . Effects on tyrosine and phenylalanine in plasma and urine . Well , appropriate-for-gestational age , low-birth-weight infants were divided into three gestational age groups and assigned randomly within each age group to one of five feeding regimens : pooled human milk ( BM ) ; formula 1 ( F1 ) = 1.5 gm/dl protein , 60 parts bovine whey proteins : 40 parts bovine caseins ; F2 = 3.0 gm/dl , 60:40 ; F3 = 1.5 gm/dl , 18:82 ; F4 = 3.0 gm/dl , 18:82 . Plasma and urine concentrations of tyrosine and phenylalanine were far higher in the infants fed F1 to F4 , especially F2 and F4 , than in the infants fed BM . These findings offer further evidence for the limited capacity of the low-birth-weight infant to catabolize tyrosine . Infants fed F3 had significantly higher plasma tyrosine concentrations than infants fed F1 , and those fed F4 had higher concentrations than those fed F2 . Thus , increased plasma tyrosine concentrations in low-birth-weight infants are related directly both to the quantity and to the quality of the protein in their diets ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1122 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85565", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pooled human milk" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85566", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85567", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bovine whey proteins" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85568", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bovine caseins" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85569", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tyrosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85570", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "phenylalanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85571", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tyrosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85572", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "phenylalanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 106 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85573", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "catabolize tyrosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85574", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma tyrosine concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85575", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma tyrosine concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85576", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low-birth-weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85577", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85578", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "appropriate-for-gestational age" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85579", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "low-birth-weight" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85580", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85582", "type": "document", "text": [ "The relative contributions of medication adherence and AA meeting attendance to abstinent outcome for chronic alcoholics . Our preliminary studies of the efficacy of lithium carbonate therapy for alcoholism under double-blind , placebo-controlled conditions demonstrated that alcoholics who took their assigned medication ( lithium or placebo ) for the first 6 months after discharge from an inpatient rehabilitation program were more likely to abstain from any alcohol use for 18 months following discharge than were alcoholics who took their medication erratically or not at all . Attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) meetings was also associated with medication adherence . We applied a structural equation model to data on the relationships between medication adherence , AA meeting attendance and abstinent outcome to clarify whether medication adherence or AA meeting attendance better explains the positive-outcome \" adherence effect \" we observed . Both medication adherence and AA meeting attendance evidenced direct and independent influences on abstinent outcome : medication adherence showed a small direct influence , and AA meeting attendance showed a much larger , independent influence ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1208 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85583", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "medication adherence and AA meeting attendance" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85584", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lithium carbonate therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85585", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lithium" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85586", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85587", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "abstinent outcome" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85588", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "\" adherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85589", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "alcoholics" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85590", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "alcoholics" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85591", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "alcoholics" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85592", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Alcoholics" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 607 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85594", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cimetidine is not more effective than placebo in acute infectious mononucleosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85595", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cimetidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85596", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85597", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85598", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute infectious mononucleosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85600", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetic study of RU 486 and its metabolites after oral administration of single doses to pregnant and non-pregnant women . RU 486 and three of its metabolites ( RU 42633-monodemethyl , RU 42848-didemethyl , and RU 42698-hydroxymetabolite ) were determined by HPLC in plasma from nine non-pregnant and 36 pregnant women . Each non-pregnant subject took an oral dose of RU 486 ( 25 , 100 , 400 and 600 mg consecutively ) once per menstrual cycle . Six of the nine women also received a dose of 200 mg . The 36 pregnant women were randomized into four groups which were given a single dose of 25 , 100 , 400 or 600 mg RU 486 . Blood samples were taken up to 120 h after dosing . Peak concentrations of RU 486 occurred on most occasions within 2 h. Plasma concentrations at 1 h and at 24 h increased in proportion to log dose . There was a wide variability ( up to ten-fold ) in the pharmacokinetic parameters within each dose group . Plasma concentrations of RU 42633 were similar to those of RU 486 but concentrations of RU 42848 and RU 42698 were much lower . As with RU 486 , the plasma concentrations of the metabolites were maintained at high levels for up to 48-72 h after dosing . The findings were consistent with a rapid metabolism of RU 486 to RU 42633 ; removal of the second methyl group leading to RU 42698 occurred much more slowly and to a much less extent than removal of the first . There appeared to be no significant differences between the non-pregnant and pregnant women in either the plasma concentrations or pharmacokinetic parameters of RU 486 and its metabolites ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1594 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85601", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RU 486" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85602", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RU 486" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85603", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RU 42633-monodemethyl , RU 42848-didemethyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85604", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RU 42698-hydroxymetabolite" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85605", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RU 486" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85606", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RU 486" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85607", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood samples" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85608", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Peak concentrations of RU 486" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85609", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85610", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma concentrations of RU 42633" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma concentrations of the metabolites" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85612", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "RU 486 to RU 42633" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85613", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85614", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85615", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85616", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85617", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85618", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "36" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85619", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85620", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85621", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "36" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85622", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85623", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85624", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85625", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85626", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85628", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ The effect of indobufen on aortocoronary bypass patency after 1 week and after 1 year ] . A randomized clinical study was conducted to compare the effect of \" conventional \" antiaggregation therapy ( ASA plus dipyridamole ) versus indobufen in patients after aortocoronary bypass ( ACB ) surgery . The patency of venous ACB using coronary DSA one week and one year after surgery was evaluated in 52 patients divided into two groups . The study included only ACB 's with intraoperative blood flow rates < or = 40 ml/min as it is just these ACB 's which are at the highest risk of early and late occlusions . While , in the ASA plus dipyridamole-treated group , occlusions were found in 11 of the 39 reconstructions ( 28.2 % ) , the proportion was nine out of 37 procedures ( 24.3 % ) in the indobufen group . One year after surgery , occlusion was found in 14 out of 32 ACB 's ( 43.7 % ) in the ASA plus dipyridamole group compared to 14 occlusions in 31 ACB 's ( 45.2 % ) in the indobufen group . The difference in the number of occlusions between the two groups was not statistically significant . Because of some benefits of indobufen compared to ASA ( shorter time of effect , superior tolerance in patients with ulceration ) , the former drug can be recommended for use in some indicated cases ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1301 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indobufen" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "conventional \" antiaggregation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ASA plus dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indobufen" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85633", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ASA plus dipyridamole-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85634", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indobufen" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85635", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indobufen" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occlusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of occlusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85640", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "( shorter time of effect , superior tolerance in patients with ulceration )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85641", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "aortocoronary bypass patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85642", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients after aortocoronary bypass ( ACB ) surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85643", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "52" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 400 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85645", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Comparison of complications after intra- and extracapsular cataract extraction with lens implantation . Results of a prospective , randomized , clinical study ] . BACKGROUND The postoperative complications of ICCE with ACL implantation are compared with those of ECCE and PCL . Our clinical experience with ICCE and ACL implantation can not confirm the widespread rejection of this method . PATIENTS AND METHOD A prospective , randomized , clinical study with participation of medical statisticians was performed . A total of 190 patients with ICCE and ACL and 170 patients with ECCE and PCL were followed up for 2 years . The follow-up examinations were performed upon dismission from the hospital , after 6 , 12 and 24 months . The data were compiled in a computer program designed for this study and evaluated by the statisticians . The surgical procedures and the surgeons were defined prior to the beginning of patient recruitment . RESULTS ICCE with ACL shows much less postoperative complications as usually emphasized . There were only 2 ( 1.2 % ) of retinal detachment and no case of corneal decompensation . Cystoid macular edema 8 ( 4.7 % ) , postoperative vitreous prolaps into the anterior chamber 4 ( 2.3 % ) and spontaneous complaints of pain 16 ( 9.4 % ) occurred in a low percentage after ICCE with ACL . These complications did not occur after ECCE with PCL . The patients with ECCE and PCL showed capsular fibrosis in 48 ( 28 % ) making it the most frequent complication of the whole study . 33 % of these patients required YAG-laser capsulotomy . Since retinal detachment occurs in 2.5 % after YAG-laser capsulotomy we can not regard capsular fibrosis as a totally harmless complication . It is noteworthy that visual acuity is almost identical 1 year after surgery in both methods . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the evaluation of ICCE with ACL is too negative . The elimination of postoperative complications in this method is more difficult . ECCE with PCL is burdened by frequent capsular fibrosis . Visual acuity is almost the same in both methods 1 years after the operation . ACL-implantation remains our method of choice for secondary implantation in patients with an intact iris diaphragm ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2239 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85646", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intra- and extracapsular cataract extraction with lens implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85647", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICCE with ACL implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85648", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECCE and PCL ." ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85649", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICCE and ACL implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85650", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICCE and ACL" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85651", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECCE and PCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85652", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICCE with ACL" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85653", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICCE with ACL" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85654", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECCE with PCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85655", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ECCE and PCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85656", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "YAG-laser capsulotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1545, 1566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85657", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "YAG-laser capsulotomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1545, 1566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85658", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICCE with ACL" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85659", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "ECCE with PCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85660", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "ACL-implantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2123, 2139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85661", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85662", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85663", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85664", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "retinal detachment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1079 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85665", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "corneal decompensation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85666", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Cystoid macular edema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85667", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "postoperative vitreous prolaps into the anterior chamber" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85668", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "spontaneous complaints of pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85669", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "capsular fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1435 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85670", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1733, 1746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85671", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "frequent capsular fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2015, 2041 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85672", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cataract extraction with lens implantation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85674", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of ranitidine and amoxicillin plus metronidazole on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the recurrence of duodenal ulcer . BACKGROUND Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with the recurrence of duodenal ulcer . Whether the efficacy of bismuth therapy in reducing the rate of recurrence of duodenal ulcer is due to its antimicrobial effects on H. pylori or to a direct protective action on the mucosa is still a matter of debate . METHODS To study the effect of the eradication of H. pylori on the recurrence of duodenal ulcer , we treated 104 patients with H. pylori infection and recurrent duodenal ulcer with either amoxicillin ( 750 mg three times daily ) plus metronidazole ( 500 mg three times daily ) or identical-appearing placebos , given orally for 12 days . All patients also received ranitidine ( 300 mg each night ) for 6 or 10 weeks . Endoscopy was performed before treatment and periodically during follow-up for up to 12 months after healing . RESULTS Among the 52 patients given antibiotics , H. pylori was eradicated in 46 , as compared with 1 of the 52 given placebo ( 89 percent vs. 2 percent , P < 0.001 ) . After six weeks , the ulcers were healed in 48 patients given antibiotics and 39 given placebo ( 92 percent vs. 75 percent , P = 0.011 ) . Side effects , mainly diarrhea , occurred in 15 percent of the patients given antibiotics . Among the patients followed up for 12 months , duodenal ulcers recurred in 4 of 50 patients given antibiotics and 42 of 49 given placebo ( 8 percent vs. 86 percent , P < 0.001 ) . Ulcers recurred in 1 of 46 patients in whom H. pylori had been eradicated , as compared with 45 of 53 in whom H. pylori persisted ( 2 percent vs. 85 percent , P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS In patients with recurrent duodenal ulcer , eradication of H. pylori by a regimen that does not have any direct action on the mucosa is followed by a marked reduction in the rate of recurrence , suggesting a causal role for H. pylori in recurrent duodenal ulcer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2024 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85675", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85676", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85677", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85678", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amoxicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85679", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85680", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "identical-appearing placebos" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85681", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85682", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85683", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85684", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85685", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85686", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85687", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85688", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85689", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "eradicated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85690", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "healed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1199, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85691", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85692", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duodenal ulcers recurred" ], "offsets": [ [ 1443, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85693", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Ulcers recurred" ], "offsets": [ [ 1576, 1591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85694", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "eradication" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85695", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "104" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85696", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "H. pylori infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 613 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85697", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recurrent duodenal ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85698", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "52" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85699", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recurrent duodenal ulcer" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 642 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85701", "type": "document", "text": [ "Timing of antibiotic administration in knee replacement under tourniquet . Cephamandole levels in serum and drain fluid were measured in 32 knee replacement operations to determine the benefit of an intravenous dose of antibiotic at the time of tourniquet deflation . Concentrations of cephamandole in drain fluid were directly proportional to the serum concentration at the time of tourniquet release . A 'tourniquet-release ' dose of antibiotic increased drain fluid concentration threefold ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 494 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85702", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "antibiotic administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85703", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cephamandole" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85704", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cephamandole" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85705", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "'tourniquet-release ' dose of antibiotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 446 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85706", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cephamandole levels in serum and drain fluid" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85707", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cephamandole in drain fluid" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85708", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "drain fluid concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85709", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee replacement under tourniquet ." ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85710", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85711", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee replacement operations" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85713", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of reduced alcohol consumption on blood pressure in untreated hypertensive men . Fifty-four untreated , mildly hypertensive men whose daily alcohol consumption was > or = 28 ml ethanol and who drank at least 4 times per week took part in a randomized , controlled crossover trial . The purpose of the trial was to test the effects of alcohol reduction on blood pressure . After a 2-week familiarization period , the participants were assigned to either a reduced alcohol drinking group or a usual drinking group for 3 weeks ( experimental period 1 ) . The situation was then reversed for the next 3 weeks ( experimental period 2 ) . The participants were requested to limit their daily alcohol consumption to zero or reduce it as much as possible for the reduced alcohol consumption period . The self-reported alcohol consumption was 56.1 +/- 3.6 ( SEM ) ml/day during the usual alcohol drinking period and 26.1 +/- 3.0 ml/day during the period of reduced alcohol consumption . Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the intervention group were found by analysis of variance to be significantly lower ( 2.6-4.8 and 2.2-3.0 mm Hg , respectively ) than those in the control group during experimental period 2 for systolic blood pressure and experimental period 1 for diastolic blood pressure . Significant ( 3.6 mm Hg ) and nonsignificant ( 1.9 mm Hg ) decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure , respectively , were observed . The method of Hills and Armitage was used , reducing ethanol in daily alcohol consumption by 28 ml . The lowering effect of reduced alcohol consumption on blood pressure was independent of changes in salt consumption , which were estimated by 24-hour urine collection and body weight . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1766 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85714", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "reduced alcohol drinking" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85715", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "usual drinking group" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85716", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "limit their daily alcohol consumption to zero" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85717", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "reduce it as much as possible for the reduced alcohol consumption period" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 796 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85718", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85719", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85720", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85722", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "self-reported alcohol consumption" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systolic and diastolic blood pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic blood pressure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and diastolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1374, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85727", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85728", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85729", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85731", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of reducing dietary [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ] on the rate of calcium mobilisation by dairy cows at parturition . The effects of feeding diets with different milliequivalents ( meq ) of dietary [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ] to dairy cows during the last seven weeks of pregnancy on their acid-base status and calcium mobilisation rate around parturition were studied . Ten monozygotic twin pairs of pregnant cows ( five pairs of parity 1 or 2 , and five pairs of parity 3 or more ) were allocated to two diets which were formulated to provide either -4 meq ( anion diet ) or +572.5 meq ( cation diet ) of [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ] kg-1 dietary dry matter ( DM ) . The daily rations consisted of 4 kg grass hay and 7 kg concentrates . Changes in meq of dietary [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ] were achieved by adding KCl , K2SO4 and ( NH4 ) 2SO4 ( anion diet ) or K2CO3 ( cation diet ) to basal concentrates . Plasma calcium concentration and blood acid-base parameters were not affected by dietary treatment . However , urinary calcium excretion was markedly higher and urinary pH and bicarbonate excretion significantly lower in cows fed the anion diet than in cows fed the cation diet . The responses to hypocalcaemia induced by an intravenous infusion of EDTA solution were similar in the cows fed either diet ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1343 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85732", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "reducing dietary [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85733", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "[ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85734", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "-4 meq ( anion diet ) or +572.5 meq ( cation diet ) of [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ] kg-1 dietary dry matter ( DM ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85735", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "grass hay and" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 740 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85736", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concentrates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85737", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "[ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85738", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "KCl , K2SO4 and ( NH4 ) 2SO4 ( anion diet ) or K2CO3 ( cation diet )" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 913 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anion diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 578, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cation diet ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85741", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dietary [ ( Na+ + K+ ) - ( Cl- + SO4= ) ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85742", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma calcium concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85743", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood acid-base parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85744", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary calcium excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85745", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary pH and bicarbonate excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85746", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dairy cows at parturition ." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85747", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dairy cows during the last seven weeks of pregnancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85749", "type": "document", "text": [ "Neostigmine and edrophonium antagonism of moderate neuromuscular block induced by pancuronium or tubocurarine . Edrophonium and neostigmine are anticholinesterase drugs used commonly to antagonize competitive neuromuscular block . Although it has a faster onset of action than neostigmine , edrophonium is unreliable when used to antagonize deep neuromuscular block . We have compared the antagonist characteristics of these two drugs when used to antagonize a moderate degree of pancuronium- or tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular block . Forty ASA I or II patients undergoing surgical procedures were allocated randomly to receive either pancuronium 70 micrograms kg-1 or tubocurarine 0.5 mg kg-1 , and to receive either edrophonium 0.5 mg kg-1 or neostigmine 0.05 mg kg-1 . Antagonism was attempted when the first response to train-of-four ( TOF ) stimulation recovered spontaneously to 25 % of the control height . Neuromuscular function was monitored using the evoked integrated electromyogram of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand . Adequate recovery was defined as the achievement of a TOF ratio of 0.70 or greater . Only seven of 20 patients who received edrophonium demonstrated adequate recovery 30 min after antagonism . Under the conditions described in this study , edrophonium 0.5 mg kg-1 was less effective as an antagonist than neostigmine 0.05 mg kg-1 ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1383 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85750", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Neostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85751", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "edrophonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85752", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Edrophonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85753", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "neostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85754", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "neostigmine" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85755", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "edrophonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85756", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "allocated randomly to receive either pancuronium 70 micrograms kg-1 or tubocurarine 0.5 mg kg-1 , and to receive either edrophonium 0.5 mg kg-1 or neostigmine 0.05 mg kg-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85757", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neuromuscular block ." ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85758", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neuromuscular block ." ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85759", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Neuromuscular function" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85760", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "evoked integrated electromyogram" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85761", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85762", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85763", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing surgical procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85764", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1153 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85766", "type": "document", "text": [ "Torasemide in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites . The effects of torasemide ( 20 mg/day ) and furosemide ( 50 mg/day ) , each given over 4 days , were compared in a randomized and crossover study carried out in seven patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites . Patients also received a low-sodium ( 40 mmol/day ) diet and the aldosterone antagonist , potassium canrenoate ( 100 mg b.i.d. ) . Torasemide induced a remarkably higher natriuretic ( 120 +/- 15 vs. 33 +/- 6 mmol/day , p < 0.02 ) and diuretic ( 1450 +/- 63 vs. 900 +/- 58 ml , p < 0.005 ) effect than furosemide . Body weight loss was also significantly higher ( 2.5 +/- 1.6 vs. 0.2 +/- 1.3 kg , p < 0.01 ) during the torasemide period . Kaliuresis was similar during the two treatment periods , despite the striking differences observed in natriuresis . Neither torasemide nor furosemide induced any significant change in serum electrolyte or creatinine concentrations , or in ammonia levels . The results of this study indicate that torasemide is suitable for the treatment of sodium retention in patients with cirrhosis and ascites ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1116 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85767", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85768", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide ( 20 mg/day )" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85769", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide ( 50 mg/day )" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85770", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "low-sodium ( 40 mmol/day ) diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85771", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aldosterone antagonist" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85772", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "potassium canrenoate" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85773", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85774", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85775", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85776", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85777", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "furosemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85778", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "torasemide" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85779", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "natriuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85780", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diuretic" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85781", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Body weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 610 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85782", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Kaliuresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85783", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum electrolyte or creatinine concentrations , or in ammonia levels ." ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85784", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cirrhosis and ascites" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85785", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85786", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cirrhosis and tense ascites" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 277 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85787", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cirrhosis and ascites" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85789", "type": "document", "text": [ "Metronidazole in periodontitis ( IV ) . The effect of patient compliance on treatment parameters . Patient compliance with the unsupervised usage of prescription medication can be poor . In the treatment of periodontal infections with systemic antimicrobial agents , in situations where the efficacy of the antimicrobial agent is being evaluated , non-compliance could underestimate the true efficacy of the agent . Metronidazole is an agent with reported success in the treatment of anaerobic periodontal infections . Metronidazole is particularly effective in vitro against spirochetes , and this efficacy was investigated as a means of measuring patient compliance with metronidazole usage . Patients who had high proportions of spirochetes , i.e. , > 20 % , in plaques removed from diseased periodontal sites , were given metronidazole ( 500 mg bid ) under supervision . In all individuals who received the metronidazole , there was a significant and rapid decline and/or disappearance of spirochetes from the plaque during the time interval that metronidazole was detectable in the saliva . This observed decline in spirochetes was then used to determine which patients had been compliant in a double-blind clinical trial involving the unsupervised usage of metronidazole . Only 10 of 18 patients ( 56 % ) were considered compliant in their usage of metronidazole . These 10 patients experienced a significantly greater benefit from the metronidazole than did the 8 patients who were considered noncompliant , i.e. , a reduction of surgical needs of 8.3 teeth per compliant patient versus 3.6 teeth per non-compliant patient . A test for the hydrolysis of the synthetic peptide ( BANA ) was also able to identify most non-compliant patients . Clinical trials involving the unsupervised usage of systemic medication need to take into account patient non-compliance ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1870 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85790", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "periodontitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85801", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "significant and rapid decline and/or disappearance of spirochetes from the plaque" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85802", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "significantly greater benefit from the metronidazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85803", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reduction of surgical needs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1524, 1551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85804", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "periodontal infections with systemic antimicrobial agents" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85805", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high proportions of spirochetes , i.e." ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85806", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "> 20 % , in plaques removed from diseased periodontal sites" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85807", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85809", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clinical and prognostic significance of serum magnesium concentration in patients with severe chronic congestive heart failure : the PROMISE Study . OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of alterations in serum magnesium in patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure . BACKGROUND Reductions in serum magnesium have been postulated to play a role in promoting arrhythmias and to have an adverse impact on survival in congestive heart failure , although support for this postulate is lacking . METHODS Serum magnesium levels were measured in 1,068 patients enrolled in a survival study of class III or IV heart failure at the time of double-blind randomization to milrinone , a phosphodiesterase inhibitor , or placebo . All patients received conventional therapy with digoxin , diuretic drugs and a converting enzyme inhibitor throughout the trial . The median follow-up period was 6.1 months ( range 1 day to 20 months ) . RESULTS Patients with high serum magnesium ( defined as > or = 1.9 mEq/liter , n = 242 ) were less likely to survive than were patients with a normal magnesium level ( n = 627 ) ( p < 0.05 , risk ratio = 1.41 ) . Patients with a low magnesium level ( defined as < or = 1.5 mEq/liter , n = 199 ) had no difference in survival compared with the group with a normal magnesium level ( p = NS , risk ratio = 0.89 ) . At baseline , the patients in the high magnesium group were older and had more severe functional and renal impairment . An analysis after adjustment for these variables demonstrated no difference in survival comparing the low , normal and high magnesium groups . Although the three groups had no difference in frequency of ventricular tachycardia , length of longest run or frequency of ventricular premature beats on baseline Holter monitoring , the group with hypomagnesemia had more frequent ventricular couplets . CONCLUSIONS Serum magnesium does not appear to be an independent risk factor for either sudden death or death due to all causes in patients with moderate to severe heart failure . Hypomagnesemia is associated with an increase in the frequency of certain forms of ventricular ectopic activity , but this is not associated with an increase in clinical events . The higher mortality rate among the patients with hypermagnesemia is attributable to older age , more advanced heart failure and renal insufficiency ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2417 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85810", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "milrinone" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85811", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "phosphodiesterase inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85812", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85813", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "conventional therapy with digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85814", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diuretic drugs and a converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 880 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85815", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum magnesium levels were measured" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85816", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1094 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85817", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85818", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "functional and renal impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1476, 1507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85819", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85820", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1713, 1736 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85821", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "length of longest run or frequency of ventricular premature beats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1739, 1804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85822", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "baseline Holter monitoring" ], "offsets": [ [ 1808, 1834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85823", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "sudden death or death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1996, 2017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85824", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular ectopic activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2171, 2199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85825", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe chronic congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85826", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "moderate to severe congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 278, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85827", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "class III or IV heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85829", "type": "document", "text": [ "Sustained augmentation of parasympathetic tone with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure . OBJECTIVES The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the changes in parasympathetic tone associated with long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with congestive heart failure . BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors provide hemodynamic and symptomatic benefit and are associated with improved survival in patients with congestive heart failure . Angiotensin II , whose production is ultimately inhibited by these agents , exerts significant regulatory influence on a variety of target organs including the central and peripheral nervous systems . Accordingly , it would be anticipated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors would significantly alter the autonomic imbalance characteristic of patients with congestive heart failure and that this influence over neural mechanisms of cardiovascular control may significantly contribute to the hemodynamic benefit and improved survival associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy . METHODS In the current investigation , changes in autonomic tone associated with long-term administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor were measured using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in 13 patients with congestive heart failure who were enrolled in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril . Both placebo and treatment groups were balanced at baseline study in terms of functional class , ventricular performance and autonomic tone . RESULTS After 12 weeks of therapy with placebo , there was no change in total heart rate variability , parasympathetically governed high frequency heart rate variability or sympathetically influenced low frequency heart rate variability . In contrast , therapy with zofenopril was associated with a 50 % increase in total heart rate variability ( p = 0.09 ) and a significant ( p = 0.03 ) twofold increase in high frequency heart rate variability , indicating a significant augmentation of parasympathetic tone . CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that long-term treatment of patients having congestive heart failure with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is associated with a restoration of autonomic balance , which derives in part from a sustained augmentation of parasympathetic tone . Such augmentation of vagal tone is known to be protective against malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease and therefore may have similar benefit in the setting of ventricular failure , thus contributing to the improved survival associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with congestive heart failure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2851 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85830", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85831", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85832", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 1453, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85833", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1485, 1535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85834", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1453, 1460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85835", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zofenopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 1525, 1535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85836", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85837", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total heart rate variability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1752, 1780 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85838", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "parasympathetically governed high frequency heart rate variability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1783, 1849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85839", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sympathetically influenced low frequency heart rate variability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85840", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in total heart rate variability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1984, 2024 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85841", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate variability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85842", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with congestive heart failure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85843", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with congestive heart failure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85845", "type": "document", "text": [ "Diode laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity . A randomized study . BACKGROUND Although peripheral cryotherapy decreases the incidence of unfavorable anatomic outcomes in threshold retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ) , apnea , bradycardia , and lid edema can occur . Argon laser indirect ophthalmoscope photocoagulation has been used as an alternative to cryotherapy , with fewer adverse effects . Retinal lesions placed with diode lasers are deeper than similar argon laser lesions , and it is not known whether this difference could influence the response to ablative therapy . METHODS Patients were enrolled under a prospective , randomized protocol . One eye of each patient with symmetric , threshold ROP was treated with an 814/815 nm diode laser , while the other eye was treated with cryotherapy . Patients with asymmetric diseases also were randomized for treatment in the threshold eye . RESULTS Nineteen infants ( 33 eyes ) were treated , ranging from 485 to 863 g birth weight ( 23 to 27 weeks gestational age ) ; 18 patients ( 32 eyes ) were followed for 3 months or longer . Four patients ( 8 eyes ) had bilateral zone 1 disease . Postconceptional age was 36 to 45 weeks at the time of treatment . The diode laser treatment was better tolerated than cryotherapy , and the treatment apparatus was more easily transported . Apneic episodes requiring intubation resulted from two cryotherapy sessions but no diode laser sessions . Five cryotherapy-treated eyes required retreatment because of persistent disease with adjacent skip areas . In the group followed for 3 to 15 months , 1 cryotherapy-treated eye and 1 diode laser-treated eye progressed to stage 5 retinal detachment . CONCLUSION Compared with cryotherapy , the diode laser was more convenient , technically easier to administer , and better tolerated by the patient . Although the number of patients was too small for meaningful statistical analysis of outcome , diode laser peripheral retinal ablation appeared to be as effective as cryotherapy for the treatment of threshold ROP ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2080 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85846", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Diode laser photocoagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85847", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85848", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Argon laser indirect ophthalmoscope photocoagulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85849", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85850", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diode lasers" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85851", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "argon laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85852", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ablative therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85853", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diode laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85854", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85855", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diode laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85856", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85857", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85858", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diode laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85859", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1471, 1490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85860", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1471, 1490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85861", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "laser-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1655, 1668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85862", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85863", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diode laser" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85864", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "diode laser peripheral retinal ablation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1961, 2000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85865", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85866", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85867", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85868", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1273, 1282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85869", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Apneic episodes requiring intubation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85870", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "retreatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1505, 1516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85871", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stage 5 retinal detachment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1687, 1713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85872", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "threshold retinopathy of prematurity" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85873", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retinopathy of prematurity" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85874", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ROP" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85875", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Nineteen infants ( 33 eyes )" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 958 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85876", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18 patients ( 32 eyes )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85877", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Four patients ( 8 eyes )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85878", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "36 to 45 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85880", "type": "document", "text": [ "Beta-carotene in HIV infection . beta-Carotene has been reported to have an immunostimulatory effect . Recent studies suggest that beta-carotene supplementation can increase CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients . Our double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to test the efficacy of beta-carotene in raising CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients . Twenty-one HIV-seropositive patients were randomized to receive either beta-carotene , 180 mg/day or placebo for 4 weeks , and then crossed over to receive the alternative treatment for the following 4 weeks . beta-Carotene resulted in a statistically significant increase in total WBC count ( p = 0.01 ) , % change in CD4 count ( p = 0.02 ) , and % change in CD4/CD8 ratios ( p = 0.02 ) compared to placebo . The absolute CD4 count , absolute CD4/CD8 ratio , and total and B-lymphocytes all increased on carotene and fell during placebo , but these differences did not reach statistical significance . No toxicity was observed on either treatment . beta-Carotene appears to have an immunostimulatory effect in HIV-infected patients . Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether beta-carotene has a role as adjunct therapy in treatment of HIV-infected patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1233 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85881", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Beta-carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85882", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-Carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85883", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 160 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85884", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85885", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85886", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene , 180 mg/day" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85887", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85888", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4 counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85889", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total WBC count" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85890", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4 count" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85891", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4/CD8 ratios" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 739 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85892", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4 count" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85893", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4/CD8 ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85894", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85895", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "immunostimulatory effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85896", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HIV-infected patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85897", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85898", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85899", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85900", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85901", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-seropositive" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85902", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85903", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85905", "type": "document", "text": [ "Antinuclear antibodies with enalapril ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85906", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85907", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Antinuclear antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85908", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Antinuclear antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85910", "type": "document", "text": [ "Adjuvant cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone chemotherapy after radiation therapy in stage I low-grade and intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Results of a prospective randomized study . BACKGROUND In a prospective randomized manner , this study evaluated the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy ( cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine , and prednisone ; CHOP ) in patients with Stage I non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ) who have achieved a complete response ( CR ) after radiation therapy ( RT ) . METHODS Forty-four patients with clinical or pathologic Stage I intermediate-grade or low-grade NHL were randomized to receive regional RT alone ( median dose , 40 Gy ) or regional RT followed by six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy . There were no differences in clinical and pathologic characteristics between the two treatment groups . RESULTS The median follow-up was 7 years ( range , 2-10 years ) . The actuarial relapse-free survival ( RFS ) rate for the RT plus CHOP group at 7 years was 83 % compared with 47 % ( P < 0.03 ) for the RT-alone group . The overall survival ( OS ) for the two groups was 88 % and 66 % , respectively ( P = 0.2 ) . In patients with intermediate-grade NHL , the 7-year actuarial RFS for RT and CHOP was 86 % compared with 20 % for RT alone ( P = 0.004 ) . The corresponding actuarial survival rates were 92 % and 47 % , respectively ( P = 0.08 ) . In patients with low-grade histologic findings , the addition of adjuvant CHOP did not improve RFS ( P = 0.6 ) or OS . All relapses in this study were at sites remote from the initially involved areas , and in 5 of 11 patients ( 45 % ) , there were recurrences 5 years or longer after initial treatment . CONCLUSIONS This study showed that adjuvant CHOP chemotherapy significantly improves RFS in patients with Stage I intermediate-grade NHL who achieve a CR after regional-field RT . The chemotherapeutic regimen favorably affected their probability of survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1972 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85911", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85912", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85913", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vincristine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85914", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "prednisone chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85915", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 323 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85916", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85917", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85918", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vincristine" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85920", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CHOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85921", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "receive regional RT alone ( median dose , 40 Gy )" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85922", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "regional RT followed by six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85923", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CHOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85924", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CHOP chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85925", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "median follow-up" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85926", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "actuarial relapse-free survival ( RFS ) rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85927", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival ( OS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85928", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "7-year actuarial RFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85929", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "corresponding actuarial survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85930", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "RFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 970 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85931", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "probability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1947, 1958 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85932", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1962, 1972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85933", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage I low-grade and intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85934", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with Stage I non-Hodgkin lymphoma ( NHL ) who have achieved a complete response ( CR ) after radiation therapy ( RT ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85936", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized trial of radiation therapy compared to split course radiation therapy combined with mitomycin C and 5 fluorouracil as initial treatment for advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma . Two hundred and twelve patients with previously untreated advanced squamous carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx were randomized to receive initial treatment with radiotherapy , 50 Gy in 20 fractions in 28 days or split course radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy , 25 Gy in 10 fractions in 14 days followed by a 4 week rest and a further 25 Gy in 10 fractions in 14 days starting on day 43 ; Mitomycin C was given on day 1 and day 43 and 5FU continuous infusions on days 1 -- 4 and days 43 -- 46 . Surgery was reserved for persistent or recurrent disease . Two hundred and nine of the 212 patients randomized were included in the analyses . Outcome analyses were performed at a median follow-up interval of 4.4 years . No patients were lost to follow-up . No significant difference was found between the two arms for the end points of local relapse-free rate ( p = 0.91 ) , regional relapse-free rate ( p = 0.17 , adjusted ) or overall survival ( p = 0.86 ) . Eight-eight patients had attempted surgical resection following radiotherapy failure . The contribution of salvage surgery to overall survival was similar for both arms of the study as was the surgical complication rate . Serious late radiation toxicity was minimal ( 3 % in the RT group , 0 % in the radiation therapy plus chemotherapy group ) . The result of the trial shows no advantage in terms of local control or survival for the experimental treatment arm of split course radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy with Mitomycin C and 5 Fluorouracil compared to radiotherapy alone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1767 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85937", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85938", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "split course radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85939", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mitomycin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85941", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85942", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "split course radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85943", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concurrent chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Mitomycin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5FU" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85946", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85947", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 389 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concurrent chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Mitomycin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 Fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1720, 1734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85951", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "local relapse-free rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85952", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "regional relapse-free rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85953", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "surgical resection following radiotherapy failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85955", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85956", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "surgical complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serious" ], "offsets": [ [ 1401, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85958", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "late radiation toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85959", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma ." ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85960", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Two hundred and twelve" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85961", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "previously untreated advanced squamous carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 326 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "85963", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term consequences of different immunosuppressive regimens for renal allografts . The long-term effects of four different immunosuppressive regimens on renal allografts have been investigated up to four years . A total of 128 recipients of first cadaveric renal allograft were randomized , after an initial induction period , to receive either triple drug therapy -- i.e. , ( low-dose ) cyclosporine , azathioprine , and methylprednisolone , or any possible combination of two drugs -- i.e. , Aza plus CsA , Aza plus MP , and CsA plus MP . The actual four-year graft survival rates for the triple therapy , Aza plus CsA , Aza plus MP , and CsA plus MP groups were 72 % , 69 % , 75 % , and 59 % , and patient survival rates were 78 % , 81 % , 81 % , and 84 % , respectively , with no significant differences . The cumulative number of chronic rejections up to 4 years was 0.09 , 0.29 , 0.25 , and 0.34 per patient per group ( P = ns ) , respectively . At 2 , 3 , and 4 years posttransplantation , the graft function was significantly worse in the Aza plus MP group compared with the triple therapy group ( P < .05 ) . Of the 98 patients who did not have type I or II diabetes at the time of transplantation , 17 developed posttransplantation diabetes mellitus or an abnormal glucose tolerance test within 2 years posttransplantation . All these patients had received steroids and none of the patients without steroids had these abnormalities . At two years the mean cholesterol level was highest in the Aza plus MP group , 6.8 mmol/L and lowest in the group receiving triple therapy , 5.8 mmol/L ( P = ns ) . The use of ( low-dose ) CsA was not associated with lipid abnormalities or with disturbances in glucose metabolism . A protocol graft biopsy was performed at two years on all functioning kidneys , and the histological changes were scored blindly . No CsA-specific changes , except isometric vacuolation in tubuli , were found . Histological alterations characteristic of chronic rejection were expressed as \" chronic allograft damage index . \" Chronic allograft damage index was lowest in the triple therapy group , 1.5 , compared with the other groups , 3.2-4.3 ( P = .01 ) , indicating the least histopathological change in the triple therapy group . In conclusion , this long-term study did not show any serious cyclosporine-related side-effects when used in low dose in combination with two other drugs . Some side-effects , such as posttransplant diabetes mellitus and probably some lipid abnormalities , could rather be traced to a higher dose of steroids . Moreover , the triple drug therapy was more efficacious than any double drug regimen in the prevention of chronic histological changes in renal allografts ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2732 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "85964", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "immunosuppressive regimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85965", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "different immunosuppressive regimens" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85966", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporine" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85967", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "azathioprine" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85968", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 443 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85969", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aza plus CsA" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aza plus MP" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CsA plus MP" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aza plus CsA" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85973", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aza plus MP" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CsA plus MP" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85975", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aza plus MP" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85976", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85977", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aza plus MP" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85978", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triple therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85979", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclosporine-related" ], "offsets": [ [ 2327, 2347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85980", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triple drug therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85982", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Long-term consequences" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85983", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "long-term effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85984", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "graft survival rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85985", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "chronic rejections" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85986", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "graft function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85987", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "posttransplantation diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85988", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "abnormal glucose tolerance test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85989", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cholesterol level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85990", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1664, 1683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85991", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "disturbances in glucose metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1692, 1726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85992", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "histological changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1817, 1837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85993", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "CsA-specific changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1863, 1883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "isometric vacuolation in tubuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1893, 1924 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85995", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Histological alterations characteristic of chronic rejection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1940, 2000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85996", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "\" chronic allograft damage index . \" Chronic allograft damage index" ], "offsets": [ [ 2019, 2086 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85997", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "histopathological change" ], "offsets": [ [ 2210, 2234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85998", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cyclosporine-related side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 2327, 2360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "85999", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "posttransplant diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 2449, 2481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86000", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "some lipid abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 2495, 2519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86001", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic histological changes in renal allografts" ], "offsets": [ [ 2682, 2730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86002", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "renal allografts" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86003", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "128" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86004", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "first cadaveric renal allograft" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86005", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "98" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86006", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "did not have type I or II diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86008", "type": "document", "text": [ "Hypotensive effects and influence on serum lipids of SQ29,852 , a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor , in patients with essential hypertension : a comparison with atenolol . The effects of SQ29,852 ( n = 24 ) , a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor , and atenolol ( n = 22 ) , monotherapies were compared in 46 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension . Both SQ29,852 ( mean dose 15.0 +/- 5.1 mg/day ) and atenolol ( mean dose 37.5 +/- 18.5 mg/day ) significantly decreased both systolic and diastolic blood pressures . There were no significant changes in serum lipids , apolipoproteins , lipoproteins or atherosclerotic indices after both SQ29,852 and atenolol . There were also no significant inter-group differences . There were no serious side effects or abnormal laboratory tests in both treatment groups . It is concluded that SQ29,852 is an effective antihypertensive drug without adverse effect on lipid metabolism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 955 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86009", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SQ29,852 , a new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atenolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86011", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SQ29,852" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86012", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86013", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atenolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86014", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SQ29,852" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86015", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atenolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86016", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SQ29,852" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86017", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atenolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86018", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SQ29,852" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86019", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86020", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and diastolic blood pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86021", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum lipids , apolipoproteins , lipoproteins or atherosclerotic indices" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86022", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "serious side effects or abnormal laboratory tests" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86023", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 933 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86024", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with essential hypertension :" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86026", "type": "document", "text": [ "Treatment of vasculogenic sexual dysfunction with pentoxifylline . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of pentoxifylline to treat impotence in men with mild to moderate penile vascular insufficiency . DESIGN Double-blind randomized clinical trial . SETTING Sexual Dysfunction Clinic at VA Medical Center , Sepulveda , CA . PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of couples . INTERVENTION Twelve weeks of treatment with placebo or 400 mg tid of pentoxifylline . MEASUREMENTS ( 1 ) Report of patient verified by partner as to number of coital episodes per month ; ( 2 ) penile-brachial pressure index determinations . RESULTS Pentoxifylline therapy regularly increased the PBPI in impotent men in comparison with the placebo , frequently into the normal range . Pentoxifylline therapy was particularly useful in restoring the PBPI in men with the pelvic steal syndrome ; six of seven such subjects improved into the normal range . During the pentoxifylline treatment period , in contrast with the control period , nine men were able to reestablish coital function and three had no improvement . Six couples did not attempt intercourse despite a professed interest in sexual activity ; however five out of the six men experienced erections during episodes of fantasy or attempts at masturbation during treatment . There were no complications of therapy . CONCLUSIONS These promising preliminary results suggest a well tolerated alternative therapy for erectile dysfunction in patients with mild to moderate penile vascular disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1516 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86027", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline ." ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86028", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86029", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86030", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "400 mg tid of pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 445 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86031", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pentoxifylline therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86032", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Report of patient verified by partner as to number of coital episodes per month" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86033", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "penile-brachial pressure index determinations" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86034", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "PBPI" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86035", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "restoring the PBPI" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86036", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reestablish coital function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86037", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attempt intercourse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86038", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sexual activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86039", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "erections during episodes of fantasy or attempts at masturbation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86040", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 1312, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86041", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "vasculogenic sexual dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86043", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Prevention of pneumonia by endotracheal micronebulization of tobramycin ] . In 69 artificially ventilated patients the clinical , bacteriological and pharmacological effects of endotracheally administered tobramycin were studied in comparison to a control group . In the therapy group , 52 % of all specimens were sterile , in the control group only 25 % . During the first 4 days these changes were significant ( p < 0.05 ) . In the therapy group the endotracheal colonisation with ps . aeruginosa was significantly lower between the 4th and 14th day ( p < 0.05 ) . The incidence of secondary pneumonia was reduced from 42 % to 17.5 % ( not significant ) . Systemic administration of antibiotics , e.g . of aminoglycosides , was significantly more often necessary in the control group . No increasing of growth of fungi in the upper respiratory tract was observed , but these was a non-significantly higher incidence mainly of staph . epidermidis . The application of 80 mg tobramycin four times a day as an aerosol was well tolerated by the patients . Under there conditions , tobramycin could not be measured in the serum . No allergic reactions , increased respiratory pressures or bronchoconstrictions were observed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1224 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86044", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tobramycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86045", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tobramycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86046", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86047", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical , bacteriological" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86048", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pharmacological effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86049", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endotracheal colonisation with ps . aeruginosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86050", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of secondary pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86051", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systemic administration of antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86052", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "growth of fungi in the upper respiratory tract" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86053", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence mainly of staph . epidermidis" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86054", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86055", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "allergic reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1132, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86056", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "respiratory pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86057", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "bronchoconstrictions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86058", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86059", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "69 artificially ventilated" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86061", "type": "document", "text": [ "Use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin in combination after autologous marrow transplantation . The toxicities and possible utility of the combination of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF ) and recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHuEPO ) given after autologous BMT were evaluated in this pilot trial . Eighteen patients received the combination and were compared with six concurrent control and 65 historical control patients treated with rhGM-CSF alone . Patients treated with the combination tended to have more rapid recovery to an absolute neutrophil count of 500 x 10 ( 6 ) /l ( median = 12.5 vs 18 days for concurrent and 19 days for historical control patients ) . There was no apparent impact on red cell transfusion requirements , platelet recovery or duration of hospitalization . Patients treated in the current study with rhGM-CSF plus either rHuEPO or with placebo had a higher incidence of rash than seen in our historical experience using rhGM-CSF . This difference may reflect changes in the source of rhGM-CSF or in the infusion schedule . Erythropoietin can be combined safely with rhGM-CSF after autologous transplantation . Larger controlled trials will be necessary to detect possible therapeutic effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1307 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86062", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86063", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythropoietin" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86064", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "autologous marrow transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86065", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( rhGM-CSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86066", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHuEPO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86067", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "autologous BMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhGM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86069", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86070", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absolute neutrophil count" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86071", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "red cell transfusion requirements ," ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 819 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86072", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86073", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of hospitalization" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86074", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of rash" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 988 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86075", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after autologous marrow transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86076", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 390 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86077", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "six" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86078", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "65" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86080", "type": "document", "text": [ "A clinical evaluation of a blood conservation device in medical intensive care unit patients . OBJECTIVES This study was designed to a ) document the efficacy of a device intended to conserve blood in critically ill patients ; b ) determine the effect of this blood conservation on hemoglobin concentration and the need for blood transfusions ; c ) determine if the blood conservation device resulted in interference with arterial pressure waveforms ; d ) determine if use of the blood conservation device resulted in a difference in the number of accidental needle punctures suffered by healthcare workers . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , controlled trial . A clinical trial using prospective , random allocation of consecutive eligible patients . SETTING The medical intensive care unit ( ICU ) of a university hospital located in a large metropolitan area . PATIENTS A total of 100 patients who were admitted to the medical ICU , required arterial line monitoring for clinical purposes , and were managed by the ICU medical service . Exclusion criteria included active bleeding or chronic renal failure at the time of ICU admission . INTERVENTIONS Patients in the experimental group had a blood conservation device incorporated into the arterial pressure monitoring system , while patients in the control group received a conventional arterial pressure monitoring system . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data gathered included : age ; gender ; ICU discharge status ; the duration of ICU stay ; time in the study ; volume of all blood drawn , discarded , or lost due to leakage ; hemoglobin concentrations ; blood transfusions ; and accidental needle injuries . Arterial pressure waveforms were recorded and inspected for dampening or other deformation . Mean hemoglobin concentrations were compared on ICU admission and at 12-hr intervals . Demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different . The volume of blood drawn and discarded from arterial catheters was significantly lower in the blood conservation group ( blood conservation device : 5.7 +/- 7.5 mL ; control : 96.4 +/- 88.5 mL ; p < .0001 ) , as was the total volume of blood discarded ( blood conservation device : 19.4 +/- 47.4 mL ; control : 103.5 +/- 99.9 mL ; p < .0001 ) . Mean hemoglobin concentration on admission was similar in the two groups ( blood conservation device group : 11.8 +/- 2.5 g/dL ; control group : 12.6 +/- 2.3 g/dL ) . In both groups , the mean hemoglobin concentration declined most rapidly in the first 24 hrs of ICU care and , thereafter , declined more slowly . Although the mean hemoglobin concentration was higher in the blood conservation group after 6 days , statistical significance was not reached until 9.5 days of ICU care . The mean change in hemoglobin concentration ( overall : 1.2 +/- 2.2 g/dL ) during the study represents a statistically significant ( p < .0001 ) decrease of 9.7 % . Hemoglobin concentration during the study decreased by 1.4 +/- 2.2 g/dL in the control group and 1.0 +/- 2.3 g/dL in the blood conservation group ( p = nonsignificant ) . Univariate and multiple regression analysis demonstrated discarded blood volume to be a significant and independent predictor of the decline in hemoglobin concentration . Transfusion requirements were similar in both groups . The blood conservation system did not alter or interfere with pressure waveforms . There were no accidental needle injuries noted . CONCLUSIONS The conservation of blood in critically ill patients must be a high-priority concern of all healthcare workers . Our data indicate that the blood conservation system eliminates a significant factor in the decline in hemoglobin concentration . With devices as described here , there is no reason to continue the practice of wasting the blood of critically ill patients in order to prevent preanalytic error ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3884 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86081", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood conservation device" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86082", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood conservation device incorporated into the arterial pressure monitoring system" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86083", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group received a conventional arterial pressure monitoring system ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86084", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blood conservation system" ], "offsets": [ [ 3337, 3362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86085", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86086", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "need for blood transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86087", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of ICU stay ; time in the study ; volume of all blood drawn , discarded , or lost due to leakage ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 1476, 1583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86088", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86089", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood transfusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86090", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "accidental needle injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1637, 1663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86091", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Arterial pressure waveforms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1666, 1693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86092", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean hemoglobin concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1759, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86093", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "volume of blood drawn and discarded from arterial catheters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1944, 2003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86094", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "total volume of blood discarded" ], "offsets": [ [ 2161, 2192 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86095", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86096", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86097", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86098", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86099", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 2936, 2960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86100", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 3174, 3186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86101", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Transfusion requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 3278, 3302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86102", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "accidental needle injuries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1637, 1663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86103", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemoglobin concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 306 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86104", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "medical intensive care unit patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86105", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "critically ill patients ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86107", "type": "document", "text": [ "A controlled study comparing patients with and without polycystic ovaries undergoing in-vitro fertilization . The outcome of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( IVF-ET ) was compared in 76 patients with polycystic ovaries ( PCO ) diagnosed on pre-treatment ultrasound scan , and 76 control patients who had normal ovaries and were matched for age , cause of infertility and stimulation regimen . Despite receiving significantly less human menopausal gonadotrophin ( HMG ) , patients with PCO , as compared with controls , had significantly higher serum oestradiol levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration ( 5940 +/- 255 versus 4370 +/- 240 pmol/l , P < 0.001 ) , developed more follicles ( 14.9 +/- 0.7 versus 9.8 +/- 0.6 , P < 0.001 ) and produced more oocytes ( 9.3 +/- 0.6 versus 6.8 +/- 0.5 , P = 0.003 ) . However , fertilization rates were reduced in the PCO patients ( 52.8 +/- 3.4 % versus 66.1 +/- 3.4 % , P = 0.007 ) . There was no significant difference in cleavage rates . The pregnancy rate/embryo transfer was 25.4 % in the PCO group and 23.0 % in the group with normal ovaries . There were three high order multiple pregnancies in the PCO group compared with none in the group with normal ovaries . Of the PCO patients , 10.5 % developed moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS ) compared with none of the controls ( P = 0.006 ) . Patients with and without PCO undergoing IVF have comparable pregnancy and livebirth rates . However , it is important to diagnose PCO before ovarian stimulation is initiated as these patients are more likely to develop moderate or severe OHSS following IVF-ET ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1659 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86108", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( IVF-ET )" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86109", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "human menopausal gonadotrophin ( HMG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86110", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chorionic gonadotrophin" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86111", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "in-vitro fertilization ." ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86112", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum oestradiol levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86113", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "follicles" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86114", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86115", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fertilization rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86116", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cleavage rates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86117", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pregnancy rate/embryo transfer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86118", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( OHSS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86119", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pregnancy and livebirth rates ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1458, 1489 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86120", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "polycystic ovaries" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86121", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "76" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86122", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "polycystic ovaries" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86123", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "76" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86124", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86125", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PCO" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86126", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PCO" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86127", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "group with normal ovaries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86128", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PCO" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86130", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of rectal midazolam and diazepam for premedication in pediatric dental patients . Rectally administered midazolam ( 0.35 mg/kg ) and diazepam ( 0.70 mg/kg ) were compared with each other and with placebo for preanesthetic medication in children undergoing dental extractions . All rectal medications were very well accepted , but mask acceptance , improvement in anxiety , and sedation were best in the midazolam group . Improvement in anxiety and sedation were significantly better in the two drug groups than in those patients who had received placebo . Thirty minutes after rectal administration of midazolam , patients showed a decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate . Although these decreases differed significantly from the premedication values , they were probably of little clinical importance . Only minor adverse effects were observed in this study . Overall rectally administered midazolam appeared to be somewhat more efficacious than diazepam ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 999 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86131", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rectal midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86132", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86133", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86135", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86136", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rectal medications" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86137", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86138", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86139", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86140", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86141", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diazepam" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86142", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mask acceptance" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86143", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86144", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86145", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86146", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86147", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86148", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "minor adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86149", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "pediatric" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86150", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dental patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86151", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86152", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing dental extractions" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86154", "type": "document", "text": [ "Recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for anemic cancer patients on combination chemotherapy . BACKGROUND Patients with advanced cancer frequently experience clinically significant anemia , which is often exacerbated by myelosuppressive chemotherapy . Consistent with the anemia of chronic disease , studies have documented serum erythropoietin levels that are inappropriately low for the degree of anemia in cancer patients . Myelosuppressive chemotherapy impairs erythropoiesis , which may not fully recover between treatment cycles . Recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHuEPO ) has been used safely and effectively to treat anemia in AIDS patients receiving zidovudine ( AZT ) and in patients with chronic renal failure . PURPOSE This study was designed to evaluate the clinical role of rHuEPO in reducing symptomatic anemia in patients with advanced cancer who were receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy ( excluding cisplatin ) . METHODS We studied 153 anemic cancer patients receiving cyclic combination chemotherapy in a prospective multicenter , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . The patients were randomly assigned to receive either rHuEPO ( 150 U/kg ) or placebo subcutaneously three times a week for a maximum of 12 weeks or until the hematocrit level increased to 38 % -40 % . If the hematocrit reached this target level before 12 weeks , the rHuEPO dose could be reduced to maintain the hematocrit at that level for the duration of the study . Response to rHuEPO therapy was assessed by measuring changes in hematocrit level , transfusion requirements , and quality of life . Quality-of-life assessment was based on patients ' responses to questionnaires before and after the courses of therapy . RESULTS The increase in hematocrit in the rHuEPO-treated group compared with hematocrit in the placebo-treated group was statistically significant ( P = .0001 ) as measured by percentage point of change from baseline to final evaluation , by an increase in hematocrit level of six percentage points or more unrelated to transfusion , and by a rise in hematocrit level to 38 % or more unrelated to transfusion . There was a trend toward the reduction in mean units of blood transfused per patient during months 2 and 3 of therapy combined in rHuEPO-treated patients compared with placebo-treated patients ( 0.91 U versus 1.65 U ; P = .056 ) . In addition , rHuEPO-treated patients experienced a statistically significant improvement in energy level and ability to perform daily activities ( P < or = .05 ) . The two treatment groups showed no statistically significant differences in toxic effects except for increased incidence of diaphoresis ( P < .05 ) and diarrhea ( P = .05 ) in the rHuEPO-treated group . CONCLUSIONS We conclude that rHuEPO is safe and effective for reversing anemia related to advanced cancer or to chemotherapy for cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2869 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86155", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Recombinant human erythropoietin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86156", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHuEPO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 583 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86157", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86158", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86159", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86160", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86161", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86162", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1817, 1832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86163", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86164", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86165", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHuEPO" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86166", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "clinically significant" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86168", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptomatic anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86169", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematocrit level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86170", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematocrit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86171", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in hematocrit level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1522, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86172", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ ", transfusion requirements , and quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1550, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86173", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Quality-of-life" ], "offsets": [ [ 1601, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86174", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in hematocrit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86175", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematocrit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86176", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematocrit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86177", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematocrit level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86178", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean units of blood transfused per patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2175, 2217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86179", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "energy level and ability to perform daily activities" ], "offsets": [ [ 2457, 2509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86180", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "toxic effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 2605, 2618 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86181", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "diaphoresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 2653, 2664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86182", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 2681, 2689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86183", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86184", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anemic cancer patients on combination chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86185", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients with advanced cancer frequently experience clinically significant anemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 190 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86186", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86187", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with advanced cancer who were receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy ( excluding cisplatin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 936 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86188", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "153" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86189", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "receiving cyclic combination chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86190", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rHuEPO-treated group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86191", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1817, 1832 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86192", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rHuEPO-treated patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2263, 2286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86193", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "rHuEPO-treated group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1784 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86195", "type": "document", "text": [ "Abdominal surgical wound infection is lowered with improved perioperative enterococcus and bacteroides therapy . Perioperative antibiotics decrease surgical wound infection ( SWI ) in trauma patients requiring abdominal exploration . This investigation evaluated 24 hours of cefoxitin or ampicillin/sulbactam used for early therapy in such patients . Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups . The primary endpoint evaluated was SWI , which was defined as purulent drainage or active wound treatment . Five hundred ninety-two patients were evaluated : 283 received ampicillin/sulbactam and 309 received cefoxitin . The incidence of wound infection among the ampicillin/sulbactam patients was 2 % and among cefoxitin patients it was 7 % ( p < 0.004 ) . The cefoxitin patients with colon injuries were analyzed ( p < 0.007 ) . The major difference between the two groups was an increased incidence of enterococcal infections in the cefoxitin-treated patients . A single broad-spectrum antibiotic given for 24 hour perioperatively effectively controls SWI . Use of ampicillin/sulbactam results in a significantly lower SWI rate than use of cefoxitin , which may be a result of improved enterococcal and Bacteroides coverage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1244 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86196", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "perioperative enterococcus and bacteroides therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86197", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Perioperative antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86198", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefoxitin" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86199", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ampicillin/sulbactam" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86200", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ampicillin/sulbactam" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86201", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cefoxitin" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 284 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86202", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "surgical wound infection ( SWI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86203", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SWI" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86204", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of wound infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86205", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of enterococcal infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86206", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SWI rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86207", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "enterococcal and Bacteroides coverage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1205, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86209", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind comparison of clomipramine , desipramine , and placebo in the treatment of autistic disorder . OBJECTIVE To determine whether clomipramine hydrochloride , a serotonin reuptake blocker with unique anti-obsessional properties , is differentially effective for obsessive-compulsive and stereotyped motor behaviors in autistic disorder compared with placebo and with the noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant agent , desipramine hydrochloride . DESIGN Following a 2-week , single-blind placebo washout phase , 12 autistic subjects completed a 10-week , double-blind , crossover comparison of clomipramine and placebo , and 12 different subjects completed a similar comparison of clomipramine and desipramine . SETTING Outpatient clinic . PATIENTS A referral sample of 30 male and female autistic patients were enrolled , and 24 completed the study . MEASURES Key outcome measures were the Autism Relevant Subscale of the Children 's Psychiatric Rating Scale , the Modified Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Subscale , and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale . RESULTS Clomipramine was superior to both placebo and desipramine on ratings of autistic symptoms ( including stereotypies ) , anger , and compulsive , ritualized behaviors ( P < .05 ) , with no differences between desipramine and placebo . Clomipramine was equal to desipramine and both tricyclic agents were superior to placebo for amelioration of hyperactivity . CONCLUSION Biological links between compulsions and stereotyped , repetitive behaviors in autistic disorder should be explored ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1610 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clomipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86211", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86212", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86213", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clomipramine hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86214", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86215", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desipramine hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86217", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86218", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clomipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86219", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86220", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clomipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86221", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86222", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clomipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86223", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86224", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86225", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clomipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86226", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desipramine" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86227", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Autism Relevant Subscale of the Children 's Psychiatric Rating Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 969 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86228", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the Modified Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86229", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Clinical Global Impressions Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86230", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "autistic symptoms ( including stereotypies ) , anger , and compulsive , ritualized behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86231", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "hyperactivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1479 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86232", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic disorder ." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86233", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "12 autistic subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86234", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "12 different subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86236", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prognostic value of clinical , laboratory , and histological characteristics in multiple myeloma : improved definition of risk groups . Follow-up data of 320 multiple myeloma ( MM ) patients entering the German Myeloma Treatment Group ( GMTG ) trial MM01 were analysed for factors predicting overall ( OAS ) and tumour related survival ( TRS ) . Response to primary induction chemotherapy was relevant for prognosis if a limit of 25 % tumour cell mass ( TCM ) reduction was used to separate responders from non-responders . Furthermore , TCM , histological grading of myeloma cells , degree of bone marrow infiltration , haemoglobin , platelet counts , calcium , creatinine , albumin , beta 2M , and Bence Jones proteinuria correlated to both OAS and TRS . Age was relevant for OAS only . The multivariate analysis revealed histological grading , TCM and platelets as the most reliable prognostic factors . Based on these data the Durie/Salmon classification could be improved by defining poor prognosis patients ( 50 % TRS : 16 months ) characterised by pretreatment platelets of < or = 150,000 and/or poorly differentiated myeloma cell morphology . Patients lacking both risk factors displayed 50 % survival times of 46 months in stage III and 88 months in stage II ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1269 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86237", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "the German Myeloma Treatment Group ( GMTG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86238", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "primary induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86239", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "poor prognosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86240", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall ( OAS ) and tumour related survival ( TRS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 343 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86241", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histological grading , TCM and platelets" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86242", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival times" ], "offsets": [ [ 1201, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86243", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "320 multiple myeloma ( MM ) patients entering the German Myeloma Treatment Group ( GMTG ) trial MM01" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86244", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "poor prognosis patients ( 50 % TRS : 16 months ) characterised by pretreatment platelets of < or = 150,000" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86246", "type": "document", "text": [ "Metabolic responses to oral surgery under local anesthesia and sedation with intravenous midazolam : the effects of two different local anesthetics . The effects of epinephrine-free and epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solutions on plasma potassium and blood glucose concentrations were investigated in 20 patients undergoing oral surgery with intravenous midazolam sedation . Ten patients were randomly assigned to receive 4.4 mL of 2 % lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic and 10 were given 4.4 mL of 3 % prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin . There were significant changes from baseline potassium and glucose concentrations both within and between treatments in the early postinjection period . The epinephrine-containing local anesthetic significantly reduced the plasma potassium concentration 10 min after injection , by 0.16 +/- 0.20 mmol/L ( mean +/- SD ) , and increased the blood glucose concentration at 10 , 20 , and 30 min ( by 0.46 +/- 0.37 , 0.63 +/- 0.45 , and 0.56 +/- 0.28 mmol/L , respectively ) . Conversely , plasma potassium increased and blood glucose decreased 10 , 20 , and 30 min following the administration of the epinephrine-free solution . At 30 min potassium was increased by 0.24 +/- 0.16 mmol/L , and glucose was decreased by 0.23 +/- 0.16 mmol/L . It is concluded that epinephrine-free and epinephrine-containing local anesthetics differ in their metabolic effects during oral surgery with midazolam sedation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1475 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86247", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "oral surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86248", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "local anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86249", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86250", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "local anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86251", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine-free and epinephrine-containing local anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86252", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86253", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "4.4 mL of 2 % lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine as a local anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86254", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "4.4 mL of 3 % prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine-free solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine-free" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine-containing local anesthetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1355, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86258", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "midazolam sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86259", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma potassium and blood glucose concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86260", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "potassium and glucose concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86261", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma potassium concentration 10 min after injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 799, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86262", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86263", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86264", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86265", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "30 min potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86266", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86267", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86268", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "oral surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86269", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sedation" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86271", "type": "document", "text": [ "Recurrence of condylomata acuminata following cryotherapy is not prevented by systemically administered interferon . OBJECTIVE To determine whether interferon alpha-2a , when utilised as adjuvant chemotherapy following ablation of condylomata acuminata ( genital warts ) by cryotherapy , is effective in the prevention of recurrences . DESIGN Randomised , placebo-controlled , double-blind study . Statistical analysis was by 2-tailed Fisher 's Exact Test . PATIENTS 97 patients with recurrent condylomata acuminata . INTERVENTION 49 patients were treated with cryotherapy plus subcutaneously administered interferon alpha-2a , and 48 received cryotherapy plus placebo . Of these , 36 and 37 patients , respectively , completed the study and were evaluable . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Clinical eradication of condylomata for six months following adjuvant chemotherapy . RESULTS By completion of the adjuvant chemotherapy , 10 ( 28 % ) interferon recipients and 16 ( 43 % ) placebo recipients experienced recurrences . At six months follow-up , 25 ( 69 % ) interferon and 27 ( 73 % ) placebo recipients experienced recurrences . In the six months following interferon therapy , only 31 % of interferon and 27 % of placebo recipients remained free of recurrences ( p = 0.99 ) . CONCLUSIONS Interferon alpha-2a administered subcutaneously offers no benefit as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant to cryotherapy when used alone in the therapy of genital warts in this population of patients with recurrent condylomata ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1502 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86272", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86273", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86274", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon alpha-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86275", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86277", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86278", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cryotherapy plus subcutaneously administered interferon alpha-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86279", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "cryotherapy plus placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86280", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86281", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86282", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86283", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86284", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86285", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86286", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86287", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86288", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Interferon alpha-2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86289", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapeutic adjuvant to cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86290", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Recurrence of condylomata acuminata" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86291", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Clinical eradication of condylomata for six months" ], "offsets": [ [ 780, 830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86292", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "adjuvant chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86293", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86294", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "experienced recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86295", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "free of recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86296", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "condylomata acuminata following cryotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86297", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "97 patients with recurrent condylomata acuminata" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 515 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86298", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86299", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "36 and 37 patients , respectively , completed the study" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 737 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86300", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "population of patients with recurrent condylomata" ], "offsets": [ [ 1451, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86302", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ethanol-induced alterations in electroencephalographic activity in adult males . The present investigation examined the effects of placebo ( P ) , low-dose ( LD ) , and high-dose ( HD ) ethanol on electroencephalographic ( EEG ) activity in 21 healthy , adult males ( X = 22.7 years ) . Only one condition ( P , LD , or HD ) was presented per day and the condition order was randomized . For each subject , blood-alcohol levels measured via breathalyzer and EEG activity , using the entire 10/20 International System , were recorded both prior to and at intervals of 35 , 70 , 105 , and 140 minutes after P , LD , or HD administration . The Fast Fourier Transform was used to calculate power spectral densities for each EEG recording . Measures of the relative areas under the power spectral curve were made for each of the following frequency bands : slow alpha ( 7.5 to 10 Hz ) ; fast alpha ( 10.5 to 13.0 Hz ) ; slow beta ( 13.5 to 19.5 Hz ) ; and fast beta ( 20 to 26 Hz ) at electrodes F3 , F4 , C3 , C4 , P3 , P4 , O1 , and O2 . Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance performed on normalized relative area values revealed that ethanol had significant effects on EEG activity at anterior sites : frontal ( F3 , F4 ) and central ( C3 , C4 ) that presented as increased activity in the slow alpha frequency band . These results suggest a differential responsivity of both cortical region and EEG frequency band to the effects of ethanol ingestion ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1464 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86303", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( P )" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86304", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86305", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "electroencephalographic activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86306", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "electroencephalographic ( EEG" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86307", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EEG activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "EEG activity at anterior sites" ], "offsets": [ [ 1181, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86310", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cortical region and EEG frequency band" ], "offsets": [ [ 1388, 1426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86311", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adult males ." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86312", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "( EEG ) activity in 21 healthy , adult males ( X = 22.7 years ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 286 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86314", "type": "document", "text": [ "0.1 % bupivacaine does not reduce the requirement for epidural fentanyl infusion after major abdominal surgery . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although local anesthesia has been demonstrated to potentiate spinal morphine analgesia in animal studies , results comparing epidural local anesthesia/opioid mixtures with opioid alone are contradictory in clinical studies . The hypothesis was that , although the concentration of bupivacaine ( 0.1 % ) was low to minimize its adverse effects , if the infusion rate of a fentanyl/bupivacaine solution was closely adjusted according to need , the presence bupivacaine would reduce the requirement for epidural fentanyl . METHODS Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive either fentanyl ( 10 micrograms/mL ) or a fentanyl/bupivacaine ( 0.1 % ) mixture epidurally corresponding to the dermatome of the surgical incision in a double-blind fashion for the first 18 hours after major abdominal surgery . The infusion was titrated for each patient to the rate required for pain relief during forced inspiration ( pain score < or = 2 , maximum 10 ) . Pain scores , the fentanyl doses required , plasma concentrations of fentanyl at 18 hours , and the incidence and severity of adverse effects were recorded . RESULTS Patients reported similar median pain scores and were equally satisfied with pain relief in both groups . The mean required post-operative fentanyl infusion rate ( 57.7 +/- 19.5 micrograms/h ) and the plasma concentrations ( 0.84 +/- 0.36 ng/mL ) in the fentanyl group were comparable to the infusion rate ( 54.4 +/- 19.2 micrograms/h ) and the plasma concentrations ( 0.86 +/- 0.36 ng/mL ) in the fentanyl/bupivacaine group . Respiratory and cardiovascular functions were preserved , and the incidence of nausea , pruritus , and periods of drowsiness or sleep were similar in both groups . CONCLUSIONS In low concentrations ( 0.1 % ) , bupivacaine did not reduce the titrated dose of epidural fentanyl required for adequate pain relief during forced inspiration after major abdominal surgery . The incidence and severity of adverse effects were also comparable whether or not low-dose bupivacaine infusion was used ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2174 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86315", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86316", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86317", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl/bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86318", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl ( 10 micrograms/mL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86319", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fentanyl/bupivacaine ( 0.1 % )" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86320", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "major abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86321", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86322", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86323", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86324", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86325", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "median pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86326", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86327", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean required post-operative fentanyl infusion rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86328", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86329", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "infusion rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86330", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Respiratory and cardiovascular functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1684, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86332", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of nausea , pruritus , and periods of drowsiness or sleep" ], "offsets": [ [ 1750, 1817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86333", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after major abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86334", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 673 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86335", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after major abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86337", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lack of interaction between pantoprazole and digoxin at therapeutic doses in man . Substituted benzimidazole inhibitors of the gastric H+/K+ATPase may interact with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and alter the pharmacokinetics of coadministered drugs . On the other hand , changes in intragastric pH might alter the absorption of other drugs . The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether pantoprazole modifies the steady-state serum concentrations of orally administered digoxin . Secondary aims were the influence of digoxin on the pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole as well as safety and tolerability . Eighteen healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of pantoprazole ( 40 mg ) and serum concentrations were determined . Three to 10 days later , subjects received in a single-blind , randomized , crossover fashion oral beta-acetyldigoxin ( 0.2 mg ) twice daily and concomitant oral pantoprazole ( 40 mg ) or placebo once daily for 5 days . Serum concentrations of pantoprazole and digoxin were determined on day 5 . Primary characteristics for confirmative assessment of no interaction were AUC and Cmax of digoxin . Lack of interaction in the sense of equivalence was concluded for both digoxin ( with and without pantoprazole ) and pantoprazole ( with and without digoxin ) as the 90 % -confidence intervals of the respective AUC- and Cmax-ratios were within the equivalence range of 0.8-1.25 . Pantoprazole did not influence the characteristic ECG modifications ( T-wave ) caused by digoxin . Both drugs were well tolerated and no adverse events or clinically relevant alterations in vital signs or clinical laboratory parameters were observed during treatment . In conclusion , pantoprazole and digoxin may be administered concomitantly without the need for dose adjustment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1808 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86338", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole and digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86339", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Substituted benzimidazole inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86340", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86341", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86342", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86343", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86344", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral dose of pantoprazole ( 40 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86345", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-acetyldigoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86346", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concomitant oral pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 923 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86347", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86348", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86349", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86350", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86351", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86352", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pantoprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86356", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86357", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "AUC and Cmax of digoxin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86358", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "AUC- and Cmax-ratios" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86359", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1555 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86360", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86361", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "in" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86362", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "man" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86363", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86364", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86366", "type": "document", "text": [ "Differential effects on bone density of progestogen-only methods for contraception in premenopausal women . The question of differential effects on bone density by two different types of progestogen-only methods for contraception in premenopausal women was addressed . Data from a prospective randomized clinical trial among 22 premenopausal women , age 32.6 ( range 20-45 years ) , who were randomly assigned to either of two treatments with continuous progestogens for contraception were analyzed ; depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate ( DMPA ) or continuous levonorgestrel treatment with subdermal implants ( Norplant ) , respectively . Forearm bone density ( BMDprox ) increased with 2.94 % ( p = 0.006 ) in women who were prescribed levonorgestrel , which was in contrast to stable values in those prescribed depot-medroxy-progesterone acetate ; group difference at 6 months for BMDprox 3.4 % ( 95 % CI 1.3 , 5.5 ; p = 0.025 ) and BMDdist 4.1 % ( 95 % CI - 1.3 , 9.6 ; p = 0.077 ) . The changes in bone density were consistent with the changes in biochemical indices for bone metabolism ; DMPA users showed signs of increased bone turnover and users of levonorgestrel showed increased bone formation with increased levels of both alkaline phosphatase ( p = 0.004 ) and osteocalcin ( p = 0.007 ) . The findings suggest an increase in bone density during treatment with levonorgestrel and stable values during short-term administration of DMPA , in standard clinical doses for contraception ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1492 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86367", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "progestogen-only" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86368", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "progestogen-only" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86369", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "continuous progestogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate ( DMPA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86371", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "continuous levonorgestrel treatment with subdermal implants" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86372", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "depot-medroxy-progesterone acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86373", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DMPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86374", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levonorgestrel" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86375", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "DMPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone density" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86377", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Forearm bone density ( BMDprox )" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 669 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86378", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMDprox" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86379", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BMDdist" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86380", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone density" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86381", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "biochemical indices for bone metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86382", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone turnover" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86383", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased bone formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86384", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone density" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86385", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "premenopausal women ." ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86387", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids on coronary artery bypass graft patency . Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that a high dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of atherothrombotic disease . In a randomized , controlled study , 610 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were assigned either to a fish oil group , receiving 4 g/day of fish oil concentrate , or to a control group . All patients received antithrombotic treatment , either aspirin or warfarin . Their diet and serum phospholipid fatty acid profiles were monitored . The primary end point was 1-year graft patency , which was assessed by angiography in 95 % of patients . Vein graft occlusion rates per distal anastomoses were 27 % in the fish oil group and 33 % in the control group ( odds ratio 0.77 , 95 % confidence interval , 0.60 to 0.99 , p = 0.034 ) . In the fish oil group , 43 % of the patients had > or = 1 occluded vein graft ( s ) compared with 51 % in the control group ( odds ratio 0.72 , 95 % confidence interval , 0.51 to 1.01 , p = 0.05 ) . Moreover , in the entire patient group , there was a significant trend to fewer patients with vein graft occlusions with increasing relative change in serum phospholipid n-3 fatty acids during the study period ( p for linear trend = 0.0037 ) . Thus , in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting , dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids reduced the incidence of vein graft occlusion , and an inverse relation between relative change in serum phospholipid n-3 fatty acids and vein graft occlusions was observed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1636 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86388", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "n-3 fatty acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86389", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fish oil group" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 397 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86390", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "4 g/day of fish oil concentrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86391", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86392", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antithrombotic treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86393", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86394", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fish oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86396", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fish oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86397", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "n-3 fatty acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86398", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "graft patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86399", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Vein graft occlusion rates per distal anastomoses" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86400", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "> or = 1 occluded vein graft ( s )" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86401", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum phospholipid n-3 fatty acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86402", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum phospholipid n-3 fatty acids and vein graft occlusions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86403", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary artery bypass graft" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86404", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "610" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86405", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary artery bypass grafting" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86406", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "antithrombotic treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86407", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "coronary artery bypass grafting" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86409", "type": "document", "text": [ "Direct analysis of resistance in the cutaneous microflora during treatment of acne vulgaris with topical 1 % nadifloxacin and 2 % erythromycin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 144 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86410", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "topical 1 % nadifloxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86411", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2 % erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86412", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "resistance in the cutaneous microflora" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86413", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acne vulgaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86415", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of liquid fibre on feeding behaviour ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86416", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "liquid fibre" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86417", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "feeding behaviour ." ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86418", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "feeding behaviour ." ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86420", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term efficacy of subcutaneous sumatriptan using a novel self-injector . An open , multicenter study investigated the long-term efficacy , tolerability , and acceptability to patients of subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg , administered using a novel cartridge system self-injector , for the acute treatment of migraine . Eighty patients treated all migraine attacks for 6 months at home with a subcutaneous injection of sumatriptan 6 mg. A second injection could be taken after 1 to 24 hours if relief was inadequate , or if the headache recurred , and rescue medication could be taken 1 hour after the second injection . The primary end point was the percentage of attacks in which headache improved from severe or moderate before treatment to mild or absent at 1 hour after the first injection . A total of 1566 attacks were treated by the 80 patients and 69 patients completed 6 months of treatment . Headache relief was reported 1 hour after the first injection in a mean of 78 % of attacks ( 83 % in the first 3 months and 76 % in the second 3 months ) . A second injection was required in a mean of 40 % of attacks , and headache was mild or absent 1 hour after the second injection in a mean of 77 % of attacks . Rescue medication was required after the second injection in a mean of 14 % of attacks . At the end of the study , 87 % of patients said that they would take the medication again , and at each clinic visit over 80 % said that they found the injector easy to use . Adverse events were similar to those reported previously with sumatriptan and were mostly mild to moderate in intensity , short-lived , and resolved spontaneously . Subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg is an effective , well tolerated , and well accepted , long-term , acute treatment for migraine when self-injected by patients using the novel self-injector ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1837 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86421", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "subcutaneous sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86422", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86423", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "injection of sumatriptan 6 mg." ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86424", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86425", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 537 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86427", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Headache relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86428", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 537 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86429", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Rescue medication" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86430", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86431", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighty" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86432", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86433", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86434", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "80" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86435", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "69" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 860 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86437", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of interaction of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and fish oil on low-density-lipoprotein oxidation in postmenopausal women with and without hormone-replacement therapy . We evaluated the effects of RRR-alpha-tocpheryl acetate ( alpha-tocopheryl acetate ) and hormone-replacement therapy ( HRT ) on the oxidative susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) in postmenopausal women consuming a fish oil supplement . The independent effect of fish oil was also assessed . Forty-eight women , equally divided between women using and not using HRT , participated in a double-blind crossover trial . Each of the four periods lasted 5 wk and was followed by a 4-wk washout interval . During each period all subjects were given a 15-g supplement of fish oil and either 0 ( placebo ) , 100 , 200 , or 400 mg alpha-tocopheryl acetate daily . LDL resistance to oxidative modification was assessed by calculating lag time , propagation rate , and maximum production of conjugated dienes . Supplementation with fish oil and placebo shortened lag time and slowed propagation rate in women both using and not using HRT . After subjects consumed fish oil , supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl acetate increased plasma and LDL alpha-tocopherol contents significantly and lengthened lag time ( at even the lowest concentration ) but had no significant effect on propagation rate or maximum production compared with values measured after consumption of fish oil alone . Women not using HRT had faster propagation rates and higher maximum production than women using HRT ; after supplementation with fish oil and alpha-tocopheryl acetate these differences prevailed . Supplements as low as 100 mg alpha-tocopheryl acetate/d increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation when fish oil supplements are used . HRT and fish oil supplements may independently affect LDL oxidative susceptibility ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86438", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86439", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fish oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hormone-replacement therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86441", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "RRR-alpha-tocpheryl acetate ( alpha-tocopheryl acetate )" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hormone-replacement therapy ( HRT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86443", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fish oil supplement" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86444", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86445", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "( placebo )" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 786 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86446", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alpha-tocopheryl acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86447", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86448", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alpha-tocopheryl" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86449", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86450", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL resistance to oxidative modification" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86451", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lag time" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86452", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "propagation rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86453", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximum production of conjugated dienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86454", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lag time" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86455", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "propagation rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma and LDL alpha-tocopherol contents" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86457", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lengthened lag time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86458", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "propagation rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 940 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86459", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximum production" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86460", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "propagation rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1496, 1513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86461", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maximum production" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86462", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "resistance of LDL to oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1731, 1761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86463", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL oxidative susceptibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1881 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86464", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86465", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86466", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hormone-replacement therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86467", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86468", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86469", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86470", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86471", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86472", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HRT" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86474", "type": "document", "text": [ "A community-based randomized trial of praziquantel to control schistosomiasis morbidity in schoolchildren in Zambia . A community-based , double-blind , randomized trial of praziquantel was carried out in an area of Zambia endemic for schistosomiasis . The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the treatment on Schistosoma mansoni morbidity . A total of 377 infected children , aged seven to 19 years , was randomized into two groups : one of 190 ( group A ) and one of 187 ( group B ) . All children were treated with 40 mg praziquantel/kg at the start of the study . Six months later , the children in group A were re-treated with the same dose of praziquantel , while the children in group B were given placebos . All children were followed up three , six and 12 months after the initial treatment , morbidity being clinically evaluated at the six- and 12-month follow-ups . The results show that , in both groups of children , there were significant reductions in splenomegaly , hepatomegaly , and subjective symptoms of morbidity six and 12 months after initial treatment . However , there were no significant differences , between the two groups , in the prevalences of these symptoms of morbidity . It therefore appears that once-yearly treatment of children , in this and similar endemic areas , is sufficient to reduce schistosomiasis morbidity to , and maintain it at , a tolerable level ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1407 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86475", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "praziquantel" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86476", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "praziquantel" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86477", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "praziquantel/kg" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86478", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "praziquantel" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86479", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebos" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86480", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86481", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "splenomegaly , hepatomegaly , and subjective symptoms of morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86482", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86483", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "schoolchildren" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86484", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schistosomiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86485", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children , aged seven to 19 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86486", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86487", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86488", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86489", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86490", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86492", "type": "document", "text": [ "Correlation of quantitative measures with the modified Ashworth scale in the assessment of plantar flexor spasticity in patients with traumatic brain injury . This study of plantar flexor spasticity describes relationships among a traditional qualitative spasticity scale , three potential quantitative spasticity measures and a measure of voluntary ankle muscle function . Thirty-four volunteer adult patients with traumatic brain injuries participated . There were 28 males and 6 females ; the mean age was 30.3 years . A battery of five randomly sequenced tests was performed for each subject on one ankle . Tests were : modified Ashworth scale ( MAS ) scoring ; H-reflex testing with and without Achilles tendon vibration ; H-reflex testing with and without dorsiflexor contraction ; reflex threshold angle and timed toe tapping ( TTT ) . Twenty-six subjects returned to have the second ankle tested , resulting in 60 ankles for the analyses . Spearman 's coefficients for correlation of quantitative spasticity measures with MAS scores ranged from 0.39 to 0.49 with associated probabilities < or = 0.002 . Pearson coefficients for correlation of quantitative spasticity measures with TTT scores were lower but also significant ( P < or = 0.07 ) . Multiple correlation for the set of quantitative measures yielded R = 0.614 ( P < 0.001 ) with MAS scores and R = 0.365 ( P = 0.045 ) with TTT scores . These findings reveal statistically significant relationships of low to moderate strength among potential quantitative spasticity measures , a traditional qualitative spasticity scale and a simple measure of voluntary ankle muscle function . Understanding these relationships is an essential part of the ongoing search for quantitative spasticity measures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1761 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86493", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "modified Ashworth scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86494", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Ashworth scale ( MAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86495", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "H-reflex testing with and without Achilles tendon vibration" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86496", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "H-reflex testing with and without dorsiflexor contraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86497", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "reflex threshold angle and timed toe tapping ( TTT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86498", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "modified Ashworth scale ( MAS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86499", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "H-reflex testing with and without Achilles tendon vibration" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86500", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "H-reflex testing with and without dorsiflexor contraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86501", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reflex threshold angle" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86502", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "timed toe tapping ( TTT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86503", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MAS scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86504", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TTT scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86505", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MAS scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86506", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "potential quantitative spasticity" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86507", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "traditional qualitative spasticity scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86508", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "voluntary ankle muscle function" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86509", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "plantar flexor spasticity" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86510", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86511", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86512", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "volunteer adult patients with traumatic brain injuries participated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86513", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "28" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86514", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "6" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86515", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86516", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86518", "type": "document", "text": [ "Low-dose naltrexone effects on plasma chemistries and clinical symptoms in autism : a double-blind , placebo-controlled study . The effect of month-long naltrexone ( NTX ) treatment at a daily oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day was contrasted with placebo ( PLC ) in a double-blind study with conjoint clinical and biochemical evaluations of therapeutic effects . Modest clinical benefits were achieved with both PLC and NTX , with marginally better overall results following NTX , and degree of improvement appeared to be related to plasma chemical profiles . Massively elevated levels of beta-endorphin were observed in all children with assays using C-terminal antibody but not with an N-terminal antibody assay . In addition , 70 % of the children exhibited abnormally low levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone , and smaller subsets exhibited elevated norepinephrine ( 60 % ) , arginine-vasopressin ( 50 % ) , and serotonin ( 20 % ) . The best clinical responders exhibited the clearest normalization of the elevated plasma chemistries , especially in C-terminal-beta-endorphin and serotonin . There was some evidence of therapeutic carry-over effects in both clinical and biochemical measures in those children who received NTX before PLC . The results suggest that NTX only benefits a subgroup of autistic children , who may be identified by the presence of certain plasma abnormalities . These results suggest a possible linkage between abnormal plasma chemistries , especially those related to the pro-opiomelanocortin system , and autistic symptoms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1551 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86519", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86520", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone ( NTX )" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86521", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86522", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86523", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86524", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86525", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86526", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "NTX" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86527", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "beta-endorphin" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86528", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adrenocorticotropic hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86529", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86530", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arginine-vasopressin" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86531", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serotonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86532", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma chemistries" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86533", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86534", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86535", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86536", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1295, 1303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86537", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 626 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86539", "type": "document", "text": [ "Placebo-controlled acute dosage naltrexone study in young autistic children . In a double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover trial 23 autistic children were treated with a single 40-mg dose of the opiate antagonist naltrexone . Drug effects were monitored by detailed playroom observations , actometers , and parents ' checklist ratings ( Aberrant Behavior Checklist , social items and target behaviors ) . Naltrexone treatment failed to produce significant changes in social behavior , but it did reduce irritability and target scores on behavior checklists . The playroom data indicated that naltrexone significantly affected indices of activity and attention ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 665 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86540", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86541", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86542", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86543", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86544", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86545", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86546", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "( Aberrant Behavior Checklist , social items and target behaviors ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86547", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "significant changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86548", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86549", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reduce irritability and target scores on behavior checklists ." ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86550", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "activity and attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86551", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "young autistic children ." ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86552", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "23 autistic children" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86554", "type": "document", "text": [ "Lung function measurement in general practice : a comparison of the Escort spirometer with the Micromed turbine spirometer and the mini-Wright peak flow meter . It is important that new types of spirometer for widespread clinical use are pragmatically evaluated in primary care . This study compared measurements taken by a new portable Fleisch pneumotachograph spirometer ( known as the Escort ) with those of the commonly used mini-Wright peak flow meter and the Micromed Pocket turbine spirometer . A pragmatic study was conducted in two phases during routine surgeries at Aldermoor Health Centre , Southampton . Phase I compared the new spirometer with the mini-Wright peak flow meter and Phase 2 compared the new spirometer and the turbine spirometer . One hundred patients aged 5-88 years ( 56 patients with a history of chronic respiratory complaints and 44 patients without ) entered Phase 1 , and 100 patients aged 6-82 years ( 62 patients with a history of chronic respiratory complaints and 38 patients without ) entered Phase 2 . Each patient contributed only once to each phase , but some entered both phases on separate occasions . Ninety-five percent limits of agreement ( mean +/- SD ) were wide for all comparisons . Graphical plots revealed trends towards higher Escort values as mean values rose compared with both mini-Wright and turbine readings for peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in one second . Possible over-reading of peak expiratory flow rate with the mini-Wright meter at low mean values was also seen . Readings taken with these different types of meter can not be interchanged with confidence in clinical practice . The clinical significance of the theoretically more accurate measures of lung function produced with the new meter , and indeed of spirometry itself , needs further investigation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1849 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86555", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Escort spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86556", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Micromed turbine spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86557", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mini-Wright peak flow meter" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86558", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86559", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "new portable Fleisch" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86560", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pneumotachograph spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86561", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mini-Wright peak flow meter" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86562", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Micromed Pocket turbine spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86563", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86564", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mini-Wright peak flow meter" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86565", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "spirometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86566", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "turbine spirometer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86567", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "mini-Wright meter" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86568", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Escort values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86569", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in one second ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86570", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peak expiratory flow rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86571", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "measures of lung function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1730, 1755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86572", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86573", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "5-88 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 784, 794 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86574", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "56 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 808 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86575", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic respiratory complaints" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86576", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "44 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86577", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 906, 918 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86578", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "6-82 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 934 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86579", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "62 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86580", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic respiratory complaints" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86581", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "38 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86583", "type": "document", "text": [ "No effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to in vitro oxidation among hypercholesterolaemic , postmenopausal women . The effect of beta-carotene on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) to oxidative modification was investigated in a double-blind , randomized placebo-controlled study . Hypercholesterolaemic , postmenopausal women were given 30 mg beta-carotene per day ( n = 15 subjects ) or placebo capsules ( n = 15 subjects ) for 10 weeks . They were instructed to follow the American Heart Association Step One diet . LDL , isolated before and after treatment was subjected to copper-catalysed lipid peroxidation . There were no significant differences between LDL from the beta-carotene and placebo groups , as assessed by measuring the lag time for formation of conjugated dienes ; the rate of formation and the amount of conjugated dienes formed ; the amount of lipid peroxides generated ; and the relative electrophoretic mobility , at baseline and after treatment . Dietary records showed that the subjects were consuming similar amounts and types of fat . No significant differences were found in the lipid composition and fatty acid pattern of LDL from the two groups . In conclusion , the results indicated that supplementation with beta-carotene in non-smoking , hypercholesterolaemic , postmenopausal women had no protective effect on the susceptibility of LDL to copper-catalysed modification in vitro ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1486 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86584", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86585", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86586", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "30 mg beta-carotene per day" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86587", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo capsules" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86588", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86589", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86590", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "beta-carotene" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86591", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "in vitro oxidation" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86592", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LDL" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86593", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lag time for formation of conjugated dienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86594", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86595", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "the amount of conjugated dienes formed" ], "offsets": [ [ 882, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86596", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "amount of lipid peroxides generated" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86597", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "electrophoretic mobility" ], "offsets": [ [ 982, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86598", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid composition and fatty acid pattern of LDL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86599", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "protective effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1396, 1413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86600", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypercholesterolaemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86601", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86602", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86603", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Hypercholesterolaemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86604", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal women" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86605", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-smoking" ], "offsets": [ [ 1330, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86606", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypercholesterolaemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86607", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal women" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86609", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Evaluating an interactive , multi-media learning system for the study of primary open angle glaucoma ] . Using the interactive multimedia learning system for studying open-angle glaucoma [ 3 ] a prospective , randomized , case-controlled study was carried out to determine the value of this new form of learning in terms of acceptance and the imparting of knowledge . This article describes details of the study and presents their results . Results were established on the basis of targeted questions asked prior to and after the learning phase , followed by an analysis of frequencies and significance testing by the Chi squared method . It was shown that the imparting of knowledge is significantly improved when this learning system is employed . In addition , after its first use , acceptance of this new medium rose dramatically ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 837 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86610", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "interactive , multi-media learning system" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86611", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "interactive multimedia learning system" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 155 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86612", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "learning system" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86613", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "acceptance and the imparting of knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86614", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "imparting of knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86615", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "acceptance of this new medium" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86616", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "interactive , multi-media learning system" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86617", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "study of primary open angle glaucoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86619", "type": "document", "text": [ "Chronopharmacology of enalapril in hypertensive patients . The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril , an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor , are reported to vary with the time of administration . The present study was undertaken to examine whether the effect of enalapril on plasma bradykinin ( BK ) , substance P and prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 ) , which are likely to be involved in the mechanism of enalapril-induced cough , might also be affected by its time of administration . Enalapril 5 mg or placebo was given orally at 10:00 h ( day trial ) or 22:00 h ( night trial ) to 12 patients with essential hypertension . Serum concentrations of total drug ( enalapril + enalaprilat , its active metabolite ) during the day and night trials did not differ significantly at any time . However , serum enalaprilat tended to be higher and its maximum concentration greater in the day trial than in the night trial . Blood pressure 24 h after administration of enalapril was reduced at 22:00 h , but not at 10:00 h. Plasma BK tended to increase following enalapril administration at 10:00 h , but not at 22:00 h. Remarkable increases in plasma BK were observed in two patients in the day trial and one of them also complained of cough . However , no such increase in plasma BK or subsequent adverse effect were recorded in the night trial . Plasma substance P and PGE2 did not change significantly following enalapril administration either in the day or night trial . The results suggest that the response of BK to enalapril is affected by the time of administration . In patients who complain of cough during treatment with enalapril during the daytime , this adverse effect might be diminished or eliminated by a switch to night-time administration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1765 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86620", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86621", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86622", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86623", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86624", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86625", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86626", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "enalaprilat" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86627", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "serum enalaprilat" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86628", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86633", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma bradykinin ( BK ) , substance P and prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86634", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Serum concentrations of total drug ( enalapril + enalaprilat , its active metabolite )" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86635", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum enalaprilat" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 828 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86636", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood pressure 24 h" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma BK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma BK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86639", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma BK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86640", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1304, 1318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86641", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma substance P" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86642", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PGE2" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86643", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cough" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86644", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86645", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "12 patients with essential hypertension ." ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86647", "type": "document", "text": [ "Synthetic serum substitute ( SSS ) : a globulin-enriched protein supplement for human embryo culture . OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether an IVF protein supplement prepared from human serum albumin ( HSA ) and human globulins would retain performance characteristics equivalent to those reported for the commercial plasma expanders , Plasmatein ( Alpha Therapeutics , Los Angeles , California ) and Plasmanate ( Cutter Biological , Miles Inc. , Elkhart , Indiana ) . METHODS Pronuclear-stage human embryos were randomly divided and cultured in human tubal fluid medium ( HTF ) supplemented with either HSA ( 5 mg/mL ) or Plasmatein ( 10 % , v/v ; 5 mg/ml ) as a means of indirectly assessing the effect alpha- and beta-globulins have on embryonic development . Those results coupled with the known composition characteristics of Plasmatein were used as the starting basis to formulate test lots of synthetic serum substitute ( SSS ) . RESULTS Significantly ( P < 0.05 ) more of the human embryos cultured in Plasmatein supplemented medium reached the four-cell or greater stage by 40 hr postinsemination than a comparable group cultured in HSA alone . Lot 1 of SSS , formulated with HSA ( 84 % of total protein ) and human globulins ( 16 % of total protein ) and an aqueous lipoprotein fraction derived from human plasma ( Excyte IV ; Miles Diagnostics , Kankakee , Illinois ) , produced accelerated early embryonic growth relative to control murine embryos grown in the presence of Plasmatein , however , the percentage of the embryos reaching the hatched blastocyst stage was decreased ( 45 vs 100 % ) . Human embryos from seven patients , randomized to HTF medium supplemented with Plasmatein or lot 1 of SSS , showed equivalent growth at 36-40 hr postinsemination . A microprecipitate developed in media supplemented with lot 1 after several days of culture . The Excyte IV concentration was reduced and , ultimately , eliminated from the subsequent and final prototype lots of SSS . Murine embryos grown in the presence of lipoprotein free SSS showed significantly accelerated ( P < 0.01 ) growth at 17 hr postthaw compared to Plasmatein and all embryos progressed to hatching by 41 hr . Human embryos , randomized to either Plasmatein or lot 3 of SSS , showed significantly accelerated growth ( P < 0.01 ) when scored at 38 hr following insemination . CONCLUSION Synthetic serum substitute provides a convient , standardized means of adding protein to media used in assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) procedures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2557 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86648", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Synthetic serum substitute ( SSS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86649", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmatein" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86650", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmanate" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86651", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "human tubal fluid medium ( HTF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86652", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HSA ( 5 mg/mL )" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86653", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "( 10 % , v/v ; 5 mg/ml )" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86654", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmatein" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86655", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmatein" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86656", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86657", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmatein" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86658", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SSS" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86659", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SSS" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86660", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmatein" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86661", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasmatein" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86662", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "SSS" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86663", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Synthetic serum substitute" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86664", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "performance characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86665", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "four-cell or greater stage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86666", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "early embryonic growth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86667", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "growth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1448, 1454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86668", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Excyte IV concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1900, 1923 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86669", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "accelerated ( P < 0.01 ) growth" ], "offsets": [ [ 2102, 2133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86670", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hatching" ], "offsets": [ [ 2205, 2213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86671", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "accelerated growth" ], "offsets": [ [ 2312, 2330 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86672", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 1657, 1662 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86674", "type": "document", "text": [ "Hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes . A comparison between an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a calcium antagonist . The effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme lisinopril were compared with those of the calcium antagonist nifedipine in 162 non-insulin-dependent diabetic hypertensive patients for a 24-week period . In 83 and 79 patients , respectively , lisinopril and slow-release nifedipine produced similar reductions in blood pressure ( systolic/diastolic : -16/-13 mmHg supine and -14/-11 mmHg standing after lisinopril ; -15/-12 mmHg supine and -14/-11 mmHg standing nifedipine ) . Fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose , glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma lipids appeared to be unaffected by either agent . Also , 28 % of the patients on lisinopril and 30 % of those on nifedipine presented microalbuminuria . Both drugs induced a reduction in the albumin excretion rate ( AER ) . The geometric mean x : tolerance factor of the reduction in AER among the 23 microalbuminuric patients on lisinopril ( -10.0 x:1.3 micrograms/min ) was greater , though not significantly so , than that observed in the 26 on nifedipine ( -0.9 x 1.2 micrograms/min ) . Moreover , lisinopril appeared to be better tolerated than nifedipine in our study population . Microalbuminuria is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients as well as in the general population . To what extent a reduction in the AER could ameliorate diabetic patients is , at present , unknown . Finally , both lisinopril and nifedipine showed a similar antihypertensive effect in these patients which was not associated with significant differences in plasma glucose , insulin or lipid concentrations . The clinical consequences of the insignificant differences in AER remain unclear ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1833 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86675", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86676", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium antagonist ." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86677", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86678", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium antagonist nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86679", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lisinopril and slow-release nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86680", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86681", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86682", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86683", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86684", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86685", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86686", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lisinopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 200 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86687", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nifedipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86688", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reductions in blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86689", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86690", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "glycosylated haemoglobin" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86691", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma lipids" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86692", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "albumin excretion rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86693", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduction in AER" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86694", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86695", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "AER" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 918 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86696", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antihypertensive effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1601, 1624 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86697", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "AER" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 918 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86698", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86699", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-insulin-dependent diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86700", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "162" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86701", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-insulin-dependent diabetic hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86702", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-insulin-dependent diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86704", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomised controlled trial comparing two schedules of antenatal visits : the antenatal care project . OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and psychological effectiveness of the traditional British antenatal visit schedule ( traditional care ) with a reduced schedule of visits ( new style care ) for low risk women , together with maternal and professional satisfaction with care . DESIGN Randomised controlled trial . SETTING Places in south east London providing antenatal care for women receiving shared care and planning to deliver in one of three hospitals or at home . SUBJECT 2794 women at low risk fulfilling the trial 's inclusion criteria between June 1993 and July 1994 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of fetal and maternal morbidity , health service use , psychosocial outcomes , and maternal and professional satisfaction . RESULTS Pregnant women allocated to new style care had fewer day admissions ( 0.8 v 1.0 ; P=0.002 ) and ultrasound scans ( 1.6 v 1.7 ; P=0.003 ) and were less often suspected of carrying fetuses that were small for gestational age ( odds ratio 0.73 ; 95 % confidence interval 0.54 to 0.99 ) . They also had some poorer psychosocial outcomes ; for example , they were more worried about fetal wellbeing antenatally and coping with the baby postnatally , and they had more negative attitudes to their babies , both in pregnancy and postnatally . These women were also more dissatisfied with the number of visits they received ( odds ratio 2.50 ; 2.00 to 3.11 ) . CONCLUSIONS Patterns of antenatal care involving fewer routine visits for women at low risk may lead to reduced psychosocial effectiveness and dissatisfaction with frequency of visits . The number of antenatal day admissions and ultrasound scans performed may also be reduced . For the variables reported , the visit schedules studied are similar in their clinical effectiveness . Uncertainty remains as to the clinical effectiveness of reduced visit schedules for rare pregnancy problems ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1990 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86705", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "schedules of antenatal visits" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86706", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "antenatal care" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86707", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "traditional British antenatal visit schedule" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86708", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "( traditional care )" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 243 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86709", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "reduced schedule of visits ( new style care )" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86710", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "antenatal care" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86711", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "new style care" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86712", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "antenatal care" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86713", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "visits" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86714", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "reduced visit schedules" ], "offsets": [ [ 1937, 1960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86715", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Measures of fetal and maternal morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 746 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86716", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "health service use" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 767 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86717", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychosocial outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86718", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "maternal and professional satisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86719", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "day admissions" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86720", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ultrasound scans" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "suspected of carrying fetuses that were small for gestational age" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86722", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "poorer psychosocial outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fetal wellbeing antenatally" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "coping with the baby postnatally" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86725", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attitudes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86726", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dissatisfied with the number of visits" ], "offsets": [ [ 1410, 1448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86727", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychosocial effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1612, 1638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86728", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dissatisfaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86729", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "antenatal day admissions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1700, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86730", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ultrasound scans performed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86731", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86732", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86733", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2794" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86734", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86735", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Pregnant" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86736", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 315 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86738", "type": "document", "text": [ "Around-the-clock intraocular pressure reduction with once-daily application of latanoprost by itself or in combination with timolol . OBJECTIVE To determine whether once-daily , in the morning , topical application of the new ocular hypotensive prostaglandin analogue , latanoprost , yields nocturnal intraocular pressure ( IOP ) reduction similar to its diurnal IOP reducing efficacy . STUDY DESIGN AND PATIENTS Placebo- controlled , randomized , and double-masked study on hospitalized patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma . Patients in group 1 ( n=9 ) were maintained on twice-daily applications of 0.5 % timolol maleate . Patients in group 2 ( n=10 ) terminated their timolol treatment 3 weeks before the beginning of the study . In both groups the test drug ( 0.005 % latanoprost ) and its vehicle ( placebo ) was applied by hospital staff every morning for 9 days . MEASUREMENTS After 4 days of ambulatory treatment , patients were hospitalized , and IOP values were obtained in the supine and sitting positions with a handheld electronic tonometer ( Tono-Pen XL , Bio-Rad , Glendale , Calif ) and a Goldmann 's applanation tonometer , covering every 2-hour interval , around the clock , but not more than at four time points per day during a 5-day period . RESULTS The mean nocturnal IOPs ( Goldmann 's applanation tonometer ) collected for 5 days were mean +/-SEM 17.9+/-0.6 vs 20.2+/-0.6 mm Hg and 16.8+/-0.3 vs 20.6+/-0.5 mm Hg for the study vs the control eyes in group 1 and group 2 , respectively . These nocturnal IOP reductions were statistically significant ( P < .001 , two-tailed paired Student 's t test ) . The differences between diurnal and nocturnal IOP reductions ( handheld electronic or Goldmann 's applanation tonometer ) were minimal ( > 0.3 mm Hg ) and statistically not significant ( P > .31 , two-tailed paired Student 's t test ) . CONCLUSION Once-daily latanoprost treatment provides uniform circadian ( around-the-clock ) IOP reduction by itself , or in combination with timolol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2023 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "latanoprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combination with timolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "latanoprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "timolol maleate" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "timolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86744", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "latanoprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86745", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86746", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "latanoprost" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86747", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "timolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraocular pressure reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86749", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nocturnal intraocular pressure ( IOP ) reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86750", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IOP values" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 976 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86751", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean nocturnal IOPs ( Goldmann 's applanation tonometer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1285, 1340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86752", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nocturnal IOP reductions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diurnal and nocturnal IOP reductions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1660, 1696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "IOP reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1537, 1550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86755", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hospitalized patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma . Patients in group 1 ( n=9 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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