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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
82781 | 7881454 | [
{
"id": "82782",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Analysis of multiple-dose bioequivalence studies . In multiple-dose bioequivalence studies , it is possible at steady state to take repeated measurements of pharmacokinetic variables , such as area under the curve ( AUC ) and the maximum concentration ( CMAX ) of the blood concentration-time profile , within each period of a crossover design . We develop a bivariate random effects model for such a situation in a 2 x 2 crossover design using the natural log scale for AUC and CMAX that assumes no differential carryover effects and includes components for inter- and intrasubject variability with respect to both formulations . We derive the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators , which also happen to be restricted maximum likelihood estimators , and we provide a sample size formula ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
799
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82783",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"multiple-dose bioequivalence studies"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82784",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"pharmacokinetic variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
157,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82785",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"area under the curve ( AUC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82786",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"maximum concentration ( CMAX )"
],
"offsets": [
[
230,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82787",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bivariate random effects model"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82788",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"natural log scale for AUC and CMAX"
],
"offsets": [
[
449,
483
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82789",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"multiple-dose bioequivalence studies"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82790 | 7881703 | [
{
"id": "82791",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Absolute bioavailability of a new high dose methylprednisolone tablet formulation . This was a single-blind , single-dose , randomized crossover study to determine the absolute bioavailability of Medrol , a new high dose ( 100 mg ) methylprednisolone tablet product , by comparing it with 100 mg methylprednisolone from an intravenous formulation , Solu-Medrol . Fourteen healthy , non-smoking , Caucasian male volunteers took part . On treatment days volunteers remained recumbent for 4 hours after drug administration , with food and fluid intake standardized over this period . Serial blood samples were drawn over a 14-hour period after drug administration . Plasma methylprednisolone concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography . The geometric means of AUCi.v . and AUCtablet were 4,049 and 3,334 ng.h/ml , respectively . The absolute bioavailability of the tablet product was 82 % , which is in agreement with published data for other oral dosage forms of methylprednisolone . Volunteers displayed the expected rise in peripheral blood neutrophil count , but no other clinically relevant changes in hematology or clinical chemistry were observed . No adverse drug reactions were recorded . It is concluded that the tablet product can be used as a substitute for parenteral methylprednisolone in situations requiring high-dose therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1370
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82792",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82793",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Medrol"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
202
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82794",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82795",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82796",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Solu-Medrol"
],
"offsets": [
[
349,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82797",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82798",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82799",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylprednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82800",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral blood neutrophil count"
],
"offsets": [
[
1054,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82801",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fourteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
363,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82802",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82803 | 7887018 | [
{
"id": "82804",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Immune response in healthy volunteers vaccinated with BCG plus killed leishmanial promastigotes : antibody responses to mycobacterial and leishmanial antigens . Antibody ( IgG ) responses to mycobacterial ( BCG ; PPD ; Mycobacterium leprae soluble antigen , MLSA ) and leishmanial ( Leishmania mexicana LV4 ) antigens were measured in 208 initially PPD and leishmanin skin-test negative volunteers divided into four vaccine groups as follows : 68 received BCG plus killed promastigotes ( group A ) , 47 received BCG alone ( group B ) , 47 received killed promastigotes alone ( group C ) , and 46 formed the diluent control ( placebo , group D ) . Three vaccine doses were administered at 8-12 week intervals . Vaccinees were bled immediately prior to each vaccination , and again at 3- and 12-month follow-up . Skin tests were performed prevaccination , and again at the 3- and 12-month follow-up . Anti-BCG , anti-PPD and anti-MLSA IgG levels increased significantly in groups A and B receiving BCG . The presence of leishmanial antigen ( with BCG ) in the inoculum suppressed the IgG response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Mycobacterium bovis-related ( PPD and BCG ) , but not M. leprae-related ( MLSA ) -related , antigens . A small but significant increase ( relative to prevaccination level ) in response to MLSA , but not to BCG or PPD was observed in the non-BCG-vaccinated groups . The background level of response to mycobacterial and leishmanial antigens was higher in the Venezuelan vaccinees than in non-endemic ( British ) volunteers . Responses to leishmanial antigen were not enhanced in the two vaccine groups receiving killed promastigotes ( with/without BCG ) compared with the BCG alone and placebo groups . Instead , all vaccine groups showed a pattern of response consistent with either ( i ) a response to the skin-test antigen or , more likely , ( ii ) seasonal endemic exposure to leishmanial antigen . Interestingly , this endemic response to leishmanial antigen was enhanced in the vaccine groups receiving BCG , despite the fact that group B received no leishmanial antigen in the vaccine inoculum . When prevaccination IgG levels ( mean + 3 standard deviations ) were used to determine a negative cut-off , a low percentage ( < 38 % ) of vaccinees converted to responder status for either anti-mycobacterial or anti-leishmanial responses , and those who did would be classified as 'low-responder ' status compared with titres observed in severe forms of disease . Hence , although there was evidence for a background endemic response to both leishmanial and mycobacterial antigens , there was no evidence that vaccination per se led to a potentially disease exacerbatory level of TH2-associated antibody response especially with respect to the anti-leishmanial response . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2835
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82805",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BCG plus"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82806",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BCG plus killed promastigotes"
],
"offsets": [
[
456,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82807",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"BCG alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82808",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"promastigotes alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
555,
574
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82809",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"diluent control"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82810",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Immune response"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82811",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Antibody ( IgG ) responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
187
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Skin tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
811,
821
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82813",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leishmanial antigen"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82814",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy volunteers vaccinated with BCG plus killed leishmanial promastigotes"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82815",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"208"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
338
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82816",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"68"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82817",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Venezuelan vaccinees"
],
"offsets": [
[
1483,
1503
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82818 | 7888291 | [
{
"id": "82819",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of the systemic bioactivity of inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate in normal subjects . 1 . The aim of this study was to compare the systemic bioactivity of low and high doses of inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate given by respective dry powder inhaler devices . 2 . A randomised , single blind cross-over design was used in nine healthy subjects who were given 800 micrograms day-1 of budesonide Turbohaler ( B800 ) for 1 week , followed by 1 week of 1600 micrograms day-1 ( B1600 ) , or fluticasone Diskhaler 750 micrograms day-1 ( F750 ) for 1 week followed by 1 week of 1500 micrograms day-1 ( F1500 ) . There was a 1 week washout between treatments with fluticasone or budesonide . A twice daily dosing regime was used and mouth-rinsing was employed to reduce gut bioavailability as well as to obviate local adverse effects . 3 . Parameters of hypothalmic-pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis activity and bone metabolism were measured at baseline ( B0/F0 ) , at the end of each week of treatment and after the 1 week washout ( F0 or B0 ) . 4 . Both fluticasone and budesonide significantly ( P < 0.05 ) attenuated the post tetracosactrin serum cortisol at low and high doses whilst early morning cortisol was unchanged . No dose-response effect was observed with either drug , and there was no significant difference between treatment with fluticasone or budesonide . 5 . Neither budesonide nor fluticasone produced significant suppression of plasma osteocalcin , although the higher doses of both drugs significantly reduced fasting urinary calcium levels . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1628
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82820",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"budesonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82821",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone propionate"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82822",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"inhaled budesonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82823",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone propionate"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82824",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"800 micrograms day-1 of budesonide Turbohaler ( B800 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82825",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone Diskhaler 750 micrograms day-1"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82826",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82827",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"budesonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82828",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fluticasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82829",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"budesonide"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
62
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82830",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypothalmic-pituitary adrenal ( HPA ) axis activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
883,
934
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82831",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone metabolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
939,
954
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82832",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"post tetracosactrin serum cortisol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1152,
1186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82833",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dose-response effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1278
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82834",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"difference"
],
"offsets": [
[
1340,
1350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82835",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"normal subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82836",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nine healthy subjects"
],
"offsets": [
[
359,
380
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82837 | 7889896 | [
{
"id": "82838",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Long-stay versus short-stay hospital treatment of children suffering from severe protein-energy malnutrition . OBJECTIVE To contrast early discharge versus attempted full nutritional rehabilitation in hospital of children suffering from severe protein-energy malnutrition ( PEM ) . DESIGN Field experiment , two-way analysis of variance with one between group ( short- versus long-stay ) and one repeated measures factor ( admission , then 12 , 18 , 24 , 30 and 36 months post-admission ) . Covariates introduced . SETTING Primary health care , Kingston , Jamaica . SUBJECTS n = 81 ; mean age 11 months ; 79 contribute longitudinal data ; 44 every measurement . INTERVENTIONS When concurrent illnesses had been treated and normal feeding re-established ( weight gain 5 g/kg.day-1 ) , subjects were randomly allocated to short-stay ( SS ) or long-stay ( LS ) group . LS retained in hospital for full nutritional rehabilitation mean 40 days ) . SS discharged immediately ( mean 18 days ) for standard Health Service care at home for 6 months plus high-energy supplement ( 3.31 MJ with 20.6 g protein daily ) for first 3 months . After discharge LS received 6 months home care , but without supplementation . RESULTS Significant advantages for LS group on NCHS weight & length for age at discharge , and at 12 , 18 , 24 and for length also 30 months ( P < 0.05 to P < 0.001 ) . Weight advantage peaked at 12 and 18 months , length later at 18 and 24 months . CONCLUSIONS Contrary to earlier reports , full nutritional rehabilitation can be achieved in hospital for children suffering from PEM . Although in the long-term both groups move towards expected levels in their home community , a significant advantage maintained for approximately 2 years is developmentally advantageous during the critical time after weaning ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1818
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82839",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"Long-stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82840",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"short-stay hospital treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82841",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"early discharge"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82842",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"attempted full nutritional rehabilitation"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82843",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"short-"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82844",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"long-stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82845",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"short-stay ( SS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
820,
837
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82846",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"long-stay ( LS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
841,
857
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82847",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"LS"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82848",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"SS"
],
"offsets": [
[
833,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82849",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"LS"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
855
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82850",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"NCHS weight & length for age at discharge"
],
"offsets": [
[
1253,
1294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82851",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
58
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82852",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"suffering from severe protein-energy malnutrition ."
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82853",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"PEM"
],
"offsets": [
[
274,
277
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82854",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"81"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82855",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"11 months"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
602
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82856 | 7891203 | [
{
"id": "82857",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Changes in beta-carotene levels by long-term administration of natural beta-carotene derived from Dunaliella bardawil in humans . Long-term administration of a beta-carotene preparation derived from Dunaliella bardawil , a beta-carotene-rich algae , was studied in healthy young male volunteers . The daily administration of 60 mg of the beta-carotene preparation ( 30 mg of all-trans beta-carotene and 30 mg of 9-cis beta-carotene ) was performed and beta-carotene concentrations were determined in the plasma , red blood cells ( RBC ) , platelets ( PLT ) , and mononuclear cells ( MN ) . The all-trans beta-carotene level increased four- , two- , and threefold the baseline in plasma , PLT , and MN , respectively . Basal levels of 9-cis beta-carotene in plasma , PLT , and MN were low and found as one-tenth , one-fifth , and one-fifth of all-trans beta-carotene , which increased three- , two- , and 1.5-fold the baseline , respectively . Plasma and RBC alpha-tocopherol levels were not changed by the intake of beta-carotene . No side effects or toxicities were documented in any of the subjects during the administration period . In conclusion , the bioavailability of beta-carotene derived from Dunaliella bardawil was preferential for all-trans beta-carotene , although a small amount of the 9-cis form was detected in the plasma and blood cells ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1355
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82858",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"natural beta-carotene"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82859",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"beta-carotene preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
160,
185
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82860",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"beta-carotene-rich algae"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82861",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"60 mg of the beta-carotene preparation"
],
"offsets": [
[
325,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82862",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82863",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"red blood cells ( RBC )"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82864",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"platelets ( PLT ) ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
539,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82865",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mononuclear cells ( MN )"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82866",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"all-trans beta-carotene level"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82867",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma"
],
"offsets": [
[
504,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82868",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PLT"
],
"offsets": [
[
551,
554
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82869",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MN"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
585
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82870",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Basal levels of 9-cis beta-carotene in plasma , PLT , and MN"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
778
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82871",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma and RBC alpha-tocopherol levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82872",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"No side effects or toxicities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1032,
1061
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82873",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"humans"
],
"offsets": [
[
121,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82874 | 7892971 | [
{
"id": "82875",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Peritonsillar infiltration with bupivacaine for paediatric tonsillectomy . In a double-blind study forty-two children scheduled for elective adenotonsillectomy were randomized to receive peritonsillar infiltration , following induction of anaesthesia , with either 0.25 % plain bupivacaine or 0.9 % saline , 0.5 ml/kg to a maximum of 10 ml . The children were assessed on awakening , and then 10 minutes , 1 hour , 4 hours and 24 hours later . On each occasion the observer gave the child a pain score from 1 ( no pain ) to 5 ( severe pain ) . The scores on awakening and after 10 minutes were significantly lower in the bupivacaine group ( P < 0.05 , Mann-Whitney U test ) . Thereafter there was no difference between the groups . The authors conclude that peritonsillar infiltration with bupivacaine is only moderately useful as analgesia for children having tonsillectomy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
876
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82876",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82877",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"infiltration"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82878",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"0.25 % plain bupivacaine or 0.9 % saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82879",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82880",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82881",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"awakening"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82882",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain score"
],
"offsets": [
[
491,
501
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82883",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"scores on awakening"
],
"offsets": [
[
548,
567
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82884",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"paediatric tonsillectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82885",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"forty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82886",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82887",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82888",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82889",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tonsillectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82890 | 7893582 | [
{
"id": "82891",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition does not affect the response to exogenous angiotensin II in the human forearm . Suppression of endogenous levels of angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition , may result in up-regulation of vascular AT1 receptors . We have evaluated the effects of orally administered enalapril on angiotensin II induced vasoconstriction in the human forearm . Subjects received in random order , enalapril ( 20 mg ) or matched placebo daily for 2 weeks . Forearm blood flow response to increasing doses of angiotensin II was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography at the beginning of the study and at the end of each 2 week treatment period . Treatment with enalapril significantly reduced plasma angiotensin II levels and supine blood pressure compared with placebo . The percentage reductions in forearm blood flow in the infused arm , in response to the maximum dose of angiotensin II ( 50,000 fmol min-1 ) were 48.1 +/- 3.6 % at baseline , 57.5 +/- 3.6 % on placebo and 54.5 +/- 4.2 % on enalapril . The differences were not significantly different . This demonstrates that suppression of plasma angiotensin II for a 14 day period does not enhance the response to exogenous intra-arterial angiotensin II in the human forearm of healthy salt replete subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1315
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82892",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82893",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
336
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82894",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
477
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82895",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Forearm blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
498,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82896",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"plasma angiotensin II levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82897",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"supine blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
775,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82898",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reductions in forearm blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
836,
868
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82899",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy salt replete"
],
"offsets": [
[
1284,
1304
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82900 | 789390 | [
{
"id": "82901",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Aspirin in coronary heart disease . The Coronary Drug Project Research Group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
78
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82902",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82903",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coronary heart disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82904",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"coronary heart disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82905 | 7896655 | [
{
"id": "82906",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Naltrexone in young autistic children : a double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover study . OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of naltrexone , an opiate blocker , in the treatment of autism . METHOD Thirteen children with autistic disorder , aged 3.4 to 8.3 years ( mean 5.4 ) , were studied in home , school , and outpatient laboratory . Naltrexone , 1.0 mg/kg , was given daily in a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled crossover design . Dependent measures included parent and teacher Clinical Global Impressions ( CGI ) , Conners Rating Scales , and Naltrexone Side-Effects ( SE ) Rating Scale ; laboratory CGI , movement actometer readings , and a 10-second interval recording system analysis of on-task , communication initiations , disruptive behavior , and self-stimulation . RESULTS Eight of 13 subjects improved in two or more settings . Changes in parent measures ( CGI , Conners Impulsivity-Hyperactivity Factor , and SE-Restlessness ) and Teacher CGI achieved statistical significance . Teacher SE-Restlessness and initiation of communication in the clinic showed a trend toward improvement . Actometer readings improved in two children who were very active at baseline . Adverse side effects were behavioral , mild , and transient . Administering the bitter tablet was a challenge . CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone offers promise as an agent for modest improvement of behavior and social communication in young children with autism . Parent and teacher measures can be useful in outpatient trials to evaluate change ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1554
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82907",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Naltrexone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82908",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82909",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"naltrexone"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
162
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82910",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Naltrexone , 1.0 mg/kg"
],
"offsets": [
[
361,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82911",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled crossover design"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82912",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"communication initiations"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82913",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
","
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82914",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"disruptive behavior ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82915",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
138,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82916",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"self-stimulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
797,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82917",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Naltrexone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82918",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
129,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82919",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Clinical Global Impressions ( CGI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82920",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Conners Rating Scales"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
579
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82921",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Naltrexone Side-Effects ( SE ) Rating Scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
586,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82922",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"laboratory CGI"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82923",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"movement actometer readings"
],
"offsets": [
[
649,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82924",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"a 10-second interval recording system analysis of on-task"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
740
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82925",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"communication initiations"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
768
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82926",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"disruptive behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
771,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82927",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"self-stimulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
797,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82928",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"parent measures ( CGI"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82929",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Conners Impulsivity-Hyperactivity Factor"
],
"offsets": [
[
915,
955
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82930",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"SE-Restlessness"
],
"offsets": [
[
962,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82931",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Teacher CGI"
],
"offsets": [
[
984,
995
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82932",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Teacher SE-Restlessness"
],
"offsets": [
[
1032,
1055
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82933",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"initiation of communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
1060,
1087
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82934",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Actometer readings"
],
"offsets": [
[
1138,
1156
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82935",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1217,
1237
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82936",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"social communication"
],
"offsets": [
[
1418,
1438
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82937",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82938",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic children"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82939",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
213
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82940",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Thirteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
221,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82941",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autistic disorder"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82942",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"aged 3.4 to 8.3 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
264,
285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82943",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"young children"
],
"offsets": [
[
1442,
1456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82944",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"autism"
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82945 | 7906128 | [
{
"id": "82946",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of an intervention to change benzodiazepine-prescribing behavior in a prepaid group practice setting . To determine the effect of two levels of educational intervention on benzodiazepine-prescribing behavior in an elderly population in a controlled prepaid group practice ( PPGP ) setting , we designed a prospective controlled trial , with six-month follow-up . Our setting was a 270,000 member group-model PPGP in Colorado , from 1990 to 1991 . Participants included 91 physicians , 62 men and 29 women ; median age was 38.7 years . Group 1 received a one-on-one educational presentation by a clinical pharmacist , written educational materials , a brief follow-up visit , and feedback with recommendations . Group 2 received only a face-to-face presentation , given to departmental groups , as well as the same written educational materials used in group 1 . Controls received no intervention . Our primary outcome measure was the benzodiazepine \" on/off \" status of the elderly PPGP members . The secondary outcome measure was the median change ( preintervention minus postintervention ) in a standardized amount of benzodiazepines prescribed per physician . Logistic regression analysis failed to show a significant effect on postintervention benzodiazepine on/off status between study groups , when controlling for preintervention on/off status , PPGP-member age , PPGP-member gender , and all possible interactions . Analysis of variance failed to demonstrate an effect of either intervention on the median change in standardized amount of benzodiazepines prescribed per physician , with groups 1 , 2 , and controls yielding values of -278 ( range : -4,137 , 2,844 ) , -330 ( -1,531 , 1,358 ) , and -541 ( range : -3,716 , 2,185 ) , respectively . We conclude that strategies effective in changing physician prescribing behavior in other settings may not be effective in a PPGP setting with benzodiazepines in the elderly as the target for change ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1966
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82947",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"educational intervention on benzodiazepine-prescribing behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82948",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"one-on-one educational presentation by a clinical pharmacist , written educational materials , a brief follow-up visit , and feedback with recommendations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82949",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"face-to-face presentation , given to departmental groups , as well as the same written educational materials used in group 1 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82950",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no intervention ."
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
908
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82951",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"benzodiazepine \" on/off \" status of the elderly PPGP members"
],
"offsets": [
[
945,
1005
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82952",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"median change ( preintervention minus postintervention ) in a standardized amount of benzodiazepines prescribed per physician"
],
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1171
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82953",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"benzodiazepine on/off status"
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82954",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"median change in standardized amount of benzodiazepines"
],
"offsets": [
[
1518,
1573
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82955 | 7907677 | [
{
"id": "82956",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation : Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study . Warfarin is an established treatment for prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation , but the value of this agent relative to aspirin in unclear . In the first Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation ( SPAF-I ) study , direct comparison of warfarin with aspirin was limited by the small number of thromboembolic events . SPAF-II aims to address this issue and also to assess the differential effects of the two treatments according to age . We compared warfarin ( prothrombin time ratio 1.3-1.8 , international normalised ratio 2.0-4.5 ) with aspirin 325 mg daily for prevention of ischaemic stroke and systemic embolism ( primary events ) in two parallel randomised trials involving 715 patients aged 75 years or less and 385 patients older than 75 ; we sought reductions in the absolute rate of primary events by warfarin compared with aspirin of 2 % per year and 4 % per year , respectively . In the younger patients , warfarin decreased the absolute rate of primary events by 0.7 % per year ( 95 % CI-0.4 to 1.7 ) . The primary event rate per year was 1.3 % with warfarin and 1.9 % with aspirin ( relative risk [ RR ] 0.67 , p = 0.24 ) . The absolute rate of primary events in low-risk younger patients ( without hypertension , recent heart failure , or previous thromboembolism ) on aspirin was 0.5 % per year ( 95 % CI 0.1 to 1.9 ) . Among older patients , warfarin decreased the absolute rate of primary events by 1.2 % per year ( 95 % CI-1.7 to 4.1 ) . The primary event rate per year was 3.6 % with warfarin and 4.8 % with aspirin ( RR 0.73 , p = 0.39 ) . In this older group , the rate of all stroke with residual deficit ( ischaemic or haemorrhagic ) was 4.3 % per year with aspirin and 4.6 % per year with warfarin ( RR 1.1 ) . Warfarin may be more effective than aspirin for prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation , but the absolute reduction in stroke rate by warfarin is small . Younger patients without risk factors had a low rate of stroke when treated with aspirin . In older patients the rate of stroke ( ischaemic and haemorrhagic ) was substantial , irrespective of which agent was given . Patient age and the inherent risk of thromboembolism should be considered in the choice of antithrombotic prophylaxis for patients with atrial fibrillation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2458
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82957",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82958",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82959",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82960",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82961",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82962",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82963",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin 325 mg daily"
],
"offsets": [
[
704,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82964",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82965",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82966",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82967",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82968",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82969",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82970",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82971",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
401,
409
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82972",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aspirin"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82973",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thromboembolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
57
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82974",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischaemic stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82975",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systemic embolism"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82976",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"absolute rate of primary events"
],
"offsets": [
[
941,
972
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82977",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"primary event rate per year"
],
"offsets": [
[
1185,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82978",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of all stroke with residual deficit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1752,
1792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82979",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischaemic stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
206
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82980",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate of stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
2132,
2146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82981",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82982",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"715"
],
"offsets": [
[
845,
848
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82983",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"75 years or less"
],
"offsets": [
[
863,
879
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82984",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"385"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
887
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82985",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"older than 75"
],
"offsets": [
[
897,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
82986 | 7910732 | [
{
"id": "82987",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Exposure reduced agoraphobia but not panic , and cognitive therapy reduced panic but not agoraphobia . Earlier studies showed that cognitive therapy has anti-panic effects and exposure has anti-agoraphobic effects while other studies suggest that agoraphobia is a secondary complication of panic disorder . It was therefore hypothesized that cognitive therapy not only reduces panic but also agoraphobia and that it potentiates the effects of exposure in vivo . Two groups of 12 severe agoraphobics were treated with 4 sessions of cognitive therapy followed by 8 sessions of cognitive therapy combined with in vivo exposure . The other 12 received 4 sessions of 'associative therapy ' , a presumably inert treatment that controls for therapist attention , followed by 8 sessions of in vivo exposure that was framed in common behavioral terms . The initial cognitive therapy produced a significant reduction in panic frequency , while associative therapy did not affect panic . Neither cognitive therapy alone , nor associate therapy alone significantly reduced depression , state or trait anxiety , self-rated agoraphobia or behavioral avoidance . After adding exposure however , these parameters were clearly and significantly reduced . Cognitive therapy did not potentiate exposure effects . The results are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1321
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "82988",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cognitive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82989",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cognitive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82990",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cognitive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82991",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cognitive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82992",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cognitive therapy combined with in vivo exposure"
],
"offsets": [
[
575,
623
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82993",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"'associative therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
662,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82994",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"cognitive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82995",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"associate therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82996",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"Cognitive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1238,
1255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82997",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"panic frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
925
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82998",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1071
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "82999",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"state or trait anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
1074,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83000",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"self-rated agoraphobia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1099,
1121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83001",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"behavioral avoidance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1125,
1145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83002",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Two groups of"
],
"offsets": [
[
462,
475
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83003",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83004",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"severe agoraphobics were treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
479,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83005",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83006 | 7910792 | [
{
"id": "83007",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Postlaparoscopic pain syndrome . Results of a prospective , randomized study ] . The so-called post-laparoscopic algesia is a specific impairment of about 63 % of the patients who undergo laparoscopic surgical operations . This impairment takes the form of mild to moderate shoulder pain . Eliminating the causes of pain has a clear advantage over symptomatic treatment using analgetics , a fact worth a good consideration especially with the post-operative sojourn at the hospital becoming shorter and shorter . In a prospective controlled study , involving 42 patients subdivided into four groups namely , higher or lower insufflation pressures , chemically inert insufflation gas and control groups ; the use of analgetics , lung function , operation duration , amount of insufflated gas , intraperitoneal pH-values and post-operative complications in the various subgroups were compared to each other with regard to post-operative pain perception . The results did not show any significant differences among the groups regarding the main parameters like pH-value or different insufflation pressures etc . These results led to the termination of the study based on the raised criteria since we anticipated the actual cause of the shoulder pain to be due to an unknown factor . By the evaluation of the individual data , it became apparent that , the pains increase with increasing gas consumption , a fact which led to assumption that the pains are caused by a physical effect such as the cooling of the peritoneum ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1521
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83008",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"laparoscopic surgical operations"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83009",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"higher or lower insufflation pressures"
],
"offsets": [
[
610,
648
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83010",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"chemically inert insufflation gas"
],
"offsets": [
[
651,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83011",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
532,
539
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83012",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"analgetics"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83013",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lung function"
],
"offsets": [
[
730,
743
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83014",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"operation duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
746,
764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83015",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"amount of insufflated gas"
],
"offsets": [
[
767,
792
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83016",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraperitoneal pH-values"
],
"offsets": [
[
795,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83017",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"post-operative complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
825,
853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83018",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pH-value or different insufflation pressures"
],
"offsets": [
[
1060,
1104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83019",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pains increase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1355,
1369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83020",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pains"
],
"offsets": [
[
1355,
1360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83021",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"laparoscopic surgical operations"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83022",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"42"
],
"offsets": [
[
561,
563
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83023 | 7923712 | [
{
"id": "83024",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Effect of acupuncture on T-lymphocyte and its subsets from the peripheral blood of patients with malignant neoplasm ] . Effect of acupuncture on the T-lymphocyte and its subsets from the peripheral blood of patients with malignant neoplasm has been researched in this study . 51 patients were divided into two groups : one in acupuncture treatment and the other without any treatment . 48 healthy adults were also studied as normal control group . The results showed that the percentages of OKT3+ , OKT4+ , OKT8+ cells in the peripheral blood of the 51 patients were lower than those of the normal adults respectively . After the acupuncture treatment , the percentages of OKT3+ , OKT4+ , OKT8+ cells were obviously higher than those before acupuncture ; the control group of patients showed no significant variation . This result revealed that acupuncture seemed to have more affect on OKT4+ cells than on OKT8+ cells . From our study we believe that acupuncture can be used as one of the many treatments for patients with cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1034
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83025",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83026",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83027",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83028",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83029",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83030",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83031",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"acupuncture"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83032",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T-lymphocyte and its subsets"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83033",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T-lymphocyte"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83034",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subsets"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83035",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentages of OKT3+ , OKT4+ , OKT8+ cells in the peripheral blood"
],
"offsets": [
[
478,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83036",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"percentages of OKT3+ , OKT4+ , OKT8+ cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
478,
520
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83037",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"OKT4+ cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83038",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"OKT8+ cells ."
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83039",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"malignant neoplasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83040",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"malignant neoplasm"
],
"offsets": [
[
99,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83041",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"51 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
289
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83042",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"48"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83043",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83044",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1032
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83045 | 7923916 | [
{
"id": "83046",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Decreased sensitivity to dexamethasone in lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer 's disease . Cortisol levels in patients with Alzheimer 's disease ( AD ) are relatively unaffected by a challenge with dexamethasone ( DEX ) in vivo . The present study demonstrates that DEX is less inhibitory for phytohemagglutinin ( PHA ) -induced T cell proliferation in AD patients as compared to age-matched controls . Since no significant differences were found between AD patients and age-matched controls with regard to the fraction of CD45RA+ or CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells nor the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce IL-2 or IL-4 , it is unlikely that the difference in DEX sensitivity is due to a changed lymphokine profile or a changed composition of the CD4+ T cell population . Sensitivity to DEX was negatively correlated with the ability to produce IL-2 and IL-4 in the controls but not in AD patients . This suggests that IL-2 and IL-4 synthesis in AD patients is less sensitive to regulation by glucocorticoids ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1028
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83047",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83048",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83049",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83050",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83051",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DEX"
],
"offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83052",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glucocorticoids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83053",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Decreased sensitivity to dexamethasone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83054",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cortisol levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83055",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"less inhibitory for phytohemagglutinin ( PHA ) -induced T cell proliferation in AD patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83056",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fraction of CD45RA+ or CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83057",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce IL-2 or IL-4"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83058",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ability to produce IL-2 and IL-4"
],
"offsets": [
[
844,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83059",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IL-2 and IL-4 synthesis in AD patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
975
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83060",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with Alzheimer 's disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
95
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83061 | 7924475 | [
{
"id": "83062",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment of acute asthma . Lack of therapeutic benefit and increase of the toxicity from aminophylline given in addition to high doses of salbutamol delivered by metered-dose inhaler with a spacer . We conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study to determine if intravenous aminophylline adds any benefit to high doses of inhaled salbutamol in patients who presented for treatment of acute asthma . We studied 94 patients ( mean age , 35.6 +/- 11.2 years ) with moderate to severe acute asthma . All patients received therapy with salbutamol delivered with metered-dose inhaler ( MDI ) into a spacer device ( Volumatic ) in four puffs ( 400 micrograms ) at 10-min interval , and intravenous hydrocortisone ( 500 mg ) . Patients were randomly assigned to receive either a loading dose of intravenous aminophylline followed by a routine infusion ( n = 45 ) or an equal volume of placebo as a loading dose and infusion ( n = 49 ) . The two groups showed no differences in measurements of peak expiratory flow , FEV1 , and FVC at baseline and at the end of treatment . However , the patients treated with aminophylline had significantly more adverse effects ( p < 0.05 ) . There were no differences in the final mean dose of salbutamol ( 6.3 +/- 44.5 mg for the placebo group and 5.8 +/- 4.2 mg for the aminophylline group ) , hospital admission rate ( 10.2 percent for the placebo group and 9.0 percent for the aminophylline group ) , and mean duration of Emergency Department treatment ( 2.5 +/- 1.83 h for the placebo group and 2.37 +/- 1.75 h for the aminophylline group ) . The results were similar when the patients were divided in accord with the degree of respiratory obstruction ( baseline FEV1 < 30 percent of predicted ) and theophylline level at 30 min of treatment ( placebo group patients with theophylline level < 10 mg/L vs aminophylline group patients with theophylline level > or = 10 mg/L ) . We conclude that intravenous aminophylline adds to the toxicity but not the efficacy of inhaled salbutamol in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2088
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83063",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83064",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salbutamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83065",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83066",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83067",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salbutamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83068",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salbutamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83069",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"metered-dose inhaler ( MDI ) into a spacer device"
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83070",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
701,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83071",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83072",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83073",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83074",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83075",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83076",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
250
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83077",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83078",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1754,
1766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83079",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"theophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
1754,
1766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83080",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminophylline"
],
"offsets": [
[
90,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83081",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"salbutamol"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83082",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"therapeutic benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83083",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"increase of the toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83084",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak expiratory flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
1007,
1027
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83085",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1030,
1034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83086",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FVC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1041,
1044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83087",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83088",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory obstruction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1682,
1705
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83089",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"theophylline level"
],
"offsets": [
[
1754,
1772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83090",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83091",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
2006,
2014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83092",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83093",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"94"
],
"offsets": [
[
432,
434
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83094",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate to severe acute asthma"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83095 | 792738 | [
{
"id": "83096",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Report of a controlled clinical trial of a new synthetic drug , parsalmide , in rheumatic arthropathies ( inflammatory and degenerative ) ] . The anti-inflammatory , analgesic and tranquillizing activity of a synthetic compound called parsalmide was investigated in patients suffering from inflammatory and degenerative rheumatic arthropathies . The study was carried out in 30 subjects using the controlled experiment technique according to the \" between patient \" pattern , attributing parsalmide and indomethacin at random to two groups . Both preparations were found to possess good anti-inflammatory and analgesic action , comparable clinically and statistically . Tolerance was very good , particularly at gastroenteric level ( no side and/or undesired effects were observed ) and at the level of haemopoietic , renal and hepatic function ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
848
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83097",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"parsalmide"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83098",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"parsalmide"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83099",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"parsalmide"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83100",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
517
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83101",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"anti-inflammatory and analgesic action"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83102",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
672,
681
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83103",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"rheumatic arthropathies ( inflammatory and degenerative ) ]"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
141
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83104 | 7928125 | [
{
"id": "83105",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effect of a culture-specific education program to promote breastfeeding among Vietnamese women in Sydney . The rate of breastfeeding among immigrant Vietnamese women in Western countries is low compared to those in Vietnam . To counteract this trend , a language and culture specific education program was developed . An experimental design was used to test the effectiveness of this program . The sample consisted of 182 prenatal Vietnamese women . Data collection included questionnaires and interviews . Results suggested that the education program had significant effects on knowledge , attitudes , planned and actual behaviour towards breastfeeding . However , the effect did not sustain until 6 months postpartum . Implications for nursing practice and further research are discussed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
795
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83106",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"culture-specific education program to promote breastfeeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83107",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"language and culture specific education"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83108",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"knowledge"
],
"offsets": [
[
583,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83109",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"attitudes"
],
"offsets": [
[
595,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83110",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"actual behaviour towards breastfeeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
619,
657
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83111",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Vietnamese"
],
"offsets": [
[
82,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83112",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83113",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"immigrant Vietnamese"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
163
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83114",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83115",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"182"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83116",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"prenatal Vietnamese"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
445
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83117",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83118 | 7936339 | [
{
"id": "83119",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Effect of dopexamine in splanchnic perfusion during surgery of the abdominal aorta ] . Abdominal aortic surgery has significant effects on cardiac and splanchnic perfusion . The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dopexamine , an inodilator drug , on hemodynamic and splanchnic perfusion with measurement of gastric intramucosal pH , by the method of gastric tonometry , during abdominal aneurysm resection . Twenty-five patients undergoing excision of an aortic abdominal aneurysm were randomly divided into two groups . During aortic cross-clamping Group II patients received dopexamine infusion , at a dose of 1 microgram/kg/m , and at a dose of 0.5 micrograms/kg/m from declamping to the end of the surgery . Whereas Group I patients did not receive a dopexamine infusion . During aortic cross-clamping the intramucosal pH value decreased in Group I patients , but did not change in Group II patients . Heart rate , cardiac index , and mixed venous oxygen saturation increased significantly during dopexamine infusion , whereas systemic vascular resistance was reduced . During aortic cross-clamping dopexamine was a useful agent in improving splanchnic blood flow , cardiac index venous saturation . Also , since the drug produces dose related hemodynamic changes of rapid onset and reversibility , it is possible to interrupt the infusion before aortic declamping to avoid the decrease in the intramucosal pH value ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1440
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83120",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dopexamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83121",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dopexamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83122",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"did not receive a dopexamine infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
756,
793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83123",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dopexamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83124",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intramucosal pH value"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
850
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83125",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate , cardiac index , and mixed venous oxygen saturation"
],
"offsets": [
[
925,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83126",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"systemic vascular resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
1050,
1078
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83127",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"splanchnic blood flow , cardiac index venous saturation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1165,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83128 | 7936677 | [
{
"id": "83129",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Management of the thyroid isthmus in tracheostomy : a prospective and retrospective study . The thyroid isthmus is often encountered while a tracheostomy is being performed . This study details retrospective and prospective comparison of electrocautery division of the isthmus with older techniques . In this study , electrocautery division of the thyroid isthmus during tracheostomy is faster and as safe as other techniques with respect to blood loss , perioperative complications , and airway outcome ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
505
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83130",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"tracheostomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83131",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheostomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83132",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"electrocautery division of the isthmus"
],
"offsets": [
[
238,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83133",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"electrocautery division of the thyroid isthmus"
],
"offsets": [
[
317,
363
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83134",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"thyroid isthmus"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83135",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"faster and as safe"
],
"offsets": [
[
387,
405
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83136",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood loss , perioperative complications , and airway outcome"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
503
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83137",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Management of the thyroid isthmus in tracheostomy : a prospective and retrospective study ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83138 | 7936969 | [
{
"id": "83139",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Influence of ball weight on junior high school girls ' volleyball performance . This study was designed to investigate the influence of a lighter ball ( Tachikara Volley Lite ) on 72 seventh-grade girls ' tournament game play and pretest-to-posttest improvement for a 16-day volleyball practice period . Two intact classes were randomly assigned to groups , one of whom used lighter balls during skills progressions while a second used regulation balls . All students used regulation balls during tournament game play and skills tests . Both groups significantly improved the forearm pass from pretest to posttest . Analysis of covariance indicated no significant differences between groups on posttest means for any skill . A 2 x 6 ( treatment x game day ) analysis of variance indicated that the group practicing with lighter balls had significantly more correct sets and a higher average daily success rate for the set and underhand serve on game days than the group using a regulation ball ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
995
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83140",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"ball weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83141",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"influence of a lighter ball ( Tachikara Volley Lite ) on 72 seventh-grade girls ' tournament game play and pretest-to-posttest improvement for a 16-day volleyball practice period"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
301
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83142",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"lighter balls"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83143",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"regulation balls"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
452
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83144",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"regulation balls"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
452
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83145",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"lighter balls"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
388
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83146",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"regulation ball"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
451
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83147",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
66,
77
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83148",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"influence"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83149",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"forearm pass"
],
"offsets": [
[
576,
588
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83150",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Analysis of covariance"
],
"offsets": [
[
616,
638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83151",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"correct sets"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83152",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"higher average daily success rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
876,
909
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83153",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"junior high school"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83154",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83155",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"72"
],
"offsets": [
[
180,
182
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83156",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"seventh-grade"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
196
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83157",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"girls"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83158 | 7941489 | [
{
"id": "83159",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Promoting health in schools through a board game . Primary prevention and health promotion have become salient topics in Canadian society and in nursing during the past two decades . The noncommunicable chronic diseases , such as heart disease and cancer , have been linked to specific lifestyle behaviors or habits , which often develop early in life . The success of public health efforts to improve the health status of all Canadians depends substantially on the success of educational programs directed toward children . Effective teaching strategies that seek to promote health and wellness in children need to be developed and empirically evaluated . Educational games may provide an efficient vehicle for carrying out developmentally specific nursing interventions in school settings . This article begins with a brief overview of the historical origins of games , along with their advantages and disadvantages as educational strategies . The results of a pretest-posttest control group design study that evaluated the effectiveness of a board game as a primary prevention teaching strategy with 23 sixth grade children in Winnipeg , Manitoba are presented . The experimental group had significant gains in knowledge related to anatomy and physiology , diet , and lifestyle risk factors associated with the development of heart disease and cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1355
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83160",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"board game"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83161",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"effectiveness of a board game as a primary prevention teaching strategy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1026,
1097
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83162",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"lifestyle behaviors"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83163",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"knowledge related to anatomy and physiology , diet , and lifestyle risk factors associated with the development of heart disease and cancer ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1214,
1355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83164",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children ."
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
524
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83165",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"in children"
],
"offsets": [
[
596,
607
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83166 | 7942578 | [
{
"id": "83167",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of a fish-oil and vegetable-oil formula on aggregation and ethanolamine-containing lysophospholipid generation in activated human platelets and on leukotriene production in stimulated neutrophils . The effects of consuming a liquid formula containing either fish oil enriched in omega-3 fatty acids or vegetable oil enriched in oleic acid was evaluated in 20 male subjects randomly allocated into two groups over a 42-d period . A decrease in collagen-induced aggregation by using washed platelet suspensions was found in both groups after nutritional supplementation . A considerable rise in omega-3 and a decrease in omega-6 fatty acids occurred in the platelet phospholipid with fish-oil consumption . The degree of eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA , 20:5n-3 ) enrichment ( fish-oil group ) was dramatically greater in the ether-containing plasmenylethanolamine ( 13.5 mol % of fatty acids ; mol % of fatty acids = moles per 100 moles of total fatty acids ) than in phosphatidylethanolamine ( 2.8 mol % ) or phosphatidylcholine ( 2.9 mol % ) . Neither treatment significantly influenced the agonist-induced accumulation of lysoplasmenylethanolamine as derived via phospholipase A2 hydrolysis of plasmenylethanolamine . HPLC measurements of eicosanoid production in A23187-stimulated neutrophils revealed a considerable decrease in the formation of arachidonic acid-derived leukotriene B4 ( LTB4 ) , by 41 % , and 5-HETE ( 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ) , by 30 % , in the fish-oil group along with the appearance of the corresponding EPA-derived products [ LTB5 and 5-HEPE ( 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid ) ] . No such alterations in the formation of lipoxygenase products were found with the vegetable oil treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1727
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83168",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish-oil and vegetable-oil formula"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83169",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"liquid formula containing either fish oil enriched in omega-3 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
233,
306
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83170",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vegetable oil enriched in oleic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
310,
346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83171",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish-oil consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
690,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83172",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"vegetable oil treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1702,
1725
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83173",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lysophospholipid generation"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83174",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"leukotriene production"
],
"offsets": [
[
155,
177
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83175",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"collagen-induced aggregation"
],
"offsets": [
[
451,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83176",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"omega-3"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83177",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"omega-6 fatty acids"
],
"offsets": [
[
627,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83178",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"eicosapentaenoic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
727,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83179",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"agonist-induced accumulation of lysoplasmenylethanolamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1097,
1154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83180",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"HPLC measurements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1242
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83181",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"eicosanoid production"
],
"offsets": [
[
1246,
1267
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83182",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"formation of arachidonic acid-derived leukotriene B4"
],
"offsets": [
[
1341,
1393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83183",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"5-HETE ( 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1419,
1460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83184",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"20"
],
"offsets": [
[
364,
366
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83185",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83186 | 7944932 | [
{
"id": "83187",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of interferon gamma on infection-related death in patients with severe injuries . A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of interferon gamma in reducing infection and death in patients sustaining severe injury . DESIGN Multicenter , randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial with observation for 60 days and until discharge for patients with major infection on day 60 . SETTING Nine university-affiliated level 1 trauma centers . PATIENTS Four hundred sixteen patients with severe injuries , assessed by Injury Severity Score and degree of contamination . INTERVENTION Recombinant human interferon gamma , 100 micrograms , was administered subcutaneously once daily for 21 days ( or until patient discharge if prior to 21 days ) as an adjunct to standard antibiotic and supportive therapy . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence of major infection , death related to infection , and death . RESULTS Infection rates were similar in both treatment groups ; however , patients treated with interferon gamma experienced fewer deaths related to infection ( seven [ 3 % ] vs 18 [ 9 % ] ; P = .008 ) and fewer overall deaths ( 21 [ 10 % ] vs 30 [ 14 % ] ; P = .17 ) . While 12 early deaths ( days 1 through 7 ) occurred in each treatment group , late death occurred in 18 placebo-treated patients and nine in interferon gamma-treated patients . The results were dominated by findings at one center , which had the highest enrollment and higher infection and death rates . Statistical analysis did not eliminate the possibility of an unidentified imbalance between arms as an explanation for the results . CONCLUSION Further evaluation is required to determine the validity of the observed reduction in infection-related deaths in patients treated with interferon gamma ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1826
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83188",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"interferon gamma"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83189",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Recombinant human interferon gamma , 100 micrograms , was administered subcutaneously once daily for 21 days ( or until patient discharge if prior to 21 days ) as an adjunct to standard"
],
"offsets": [
[
638,
823
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83190",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"supportive therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
857
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83191",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"interferon gamma-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1365,
1389
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"interferon gamma"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83193",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Injury Severity Score and degree of contamination"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
622
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83194",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Incidence of major infection , death related to infection , and death ."
],
"offsets": [
[
882,
953
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83195",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1085,
1091
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83196",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1085,
1091
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83197",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"early deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1233,
1245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83198",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
48,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83199",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with severe injuries ."
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
88
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83200",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients sustaining severe injury ."
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
269
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83201 | 7946102 | [
{
"id": "83202",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Aerosolized pentamidine as primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia : efficacy , mortality and morbidity . OBJECTIVE Primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( PCP ) for patients with HIV infection has been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . We evaluated alternatives to routine primary PCP prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine . METHODS A total of 121 HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts < or = 200 x 10 ( 6 ) /l or an AIDS diagnosis were enrolled in a controlled study of aerosolized pentamidine as primary PCP prophylaxis . Patients were randomly assigned to treatment ( n = 61 ) with aerosolized pentamidine once every month or to no treatment ( n = 60 ) . Patients were evaluated for PCP , mortality , morbidity and progression of HIV disease . Morbidity was estimated from the number of days patients were unable to work due to illness , number of days hospitalized and AIDS events . RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar in the treatment and control groups and mean CD4+ cell counts were 116 and 107 x 10 ( 6 ) /l , respectively . Eight incidents of PCP and 19 deaths were observed in the treatment group during a median follow-up of 16.4 months ( range , 2.3-32.4 months ) . Nineteen incidents of PCP and 13 deaths , of which one was related to an acute episode of PCP , were noted in the control group . Median follow-up of controls was 18.5 months ( range , 3.1-32.9 months ) . Patients in the treatment group were unable to work 19 % of the observation time and were hospitalized for 4.3 % of that time . Corresponding figures were 20 and 3.0 % , respectively , in the control group . CONCLUSIONS Aerosolized pentamidine had significant prophylactic efficacy , but we could not detect any major effect on mortality and morbidity . The overall mortality and morbidity were not markedly influenced by PCP . Clinical check-ups and treatment of acute PCP could be a justifiable alternative to drug prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine in selected patients ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2049
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83203",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83204",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
394
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83205",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83206",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83207",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
708,
720
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83208",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83209",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
392
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83210",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia :"
],
"offsets": [
[
51,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83211",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PCP ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
762,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83212",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83213",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
", morbidity and progression of HIV disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
822
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83214",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CD4+ cell counts"
],
"offsets": [
[
445,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83215",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1149,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83216",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"deaths"
],
"offsets": [
[
1149,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83217",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Median follow-up"
],
"offsets": [
[
1394,
1410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83218",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"observation time"
],
"offsets": [
[
1533,
1549
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83219",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prophylactic efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1729,
1750
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83220",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality and morbidity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83221",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
95,
104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83222",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"morbidity"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83223",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"justifiable"
],
"offsets": [
[
1954,
1965
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83224",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with HIV infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83225",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"A total of"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83226",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"121"
],
"offsets": [
[
414,
417
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83227",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts < or = 200 x 10 ( 6 ) /l or an AIDS diagnosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
418,
507
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83228 | 7946254 | [
{
"id": "83229",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Enhanced small group instruction using choral responding and student interaction for children with autism and developmental disabilities . The use of effective instructional strategies in small groups was investigated to determine learning effects for 24 elementary age students with autism and developmental disabilities . Effective strategies included ( a ) the use of choral responding ; ( b ) the use of student-to-student responding ; ( c ) the rotation of materials every 5 minutes during the 30-minute group while teaching 2 to 3 concepts ; and ( d ) the use of random , unpredictable trials for student responding . Thirty-minute language groups were targeted to teach receptive and expressive skills using pictures and common objects across five categories ( e.g. , household items , foods ) . Results showed increased opportunities to respond , increased levels of responding and academic engagement , higher gains on weekly criterion-referenced pre- and posttests , and decreased passive and inappropriate student behavior during interventions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1056
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83230",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Enhanced small group instruction using choral responding and student interaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83231",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"effective instructional strategies"
],
"offsets": [
[
150,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83232",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"the use of choral responding ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83233",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"the use of student-to-student responding ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
397,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83234",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"the rotation of materials every 5 minutes during the 30-minute group while teaching 2 to 3 concepts ; and"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
551
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83235",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"the use of random , unpredictable trials for student responding"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
621
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83236",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"increased opportunities to respond , increased levels of responding and academic engagement , higher gains on weekly criterion-referenced pre- and posttests , and decreased passive and inappropriate student behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
818,
1033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83237",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"small group"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83238 | 7954555 | [
{
"id": "83239",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Use and limitations of Holter electrocardiography in assessing drug therapy of myocardial ischemia during the peri-PTCA period . Incidence and pattern of myocardial ischemia during the peri-PTCA ( percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ) period and the possible role of continuous intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in its prevention were examined prospectively in 30 patients . Holter electrocardiographic monitoring was performed for 21 +/- 3 h before PTCA and continued during and for 41 +/- 8 h after the procedure . Before PTCA , 19 ischemic episodes were present in 10 ( 33 % ) of 30 patients . PTCA produced an abrupt decrease in number ( p = 0.015 ) and duration ( p = 0.03 ) of spontaneous ischemic episodes . The rarity of recurrent myocardial ischemic events by Holter monitoring after PTCA negated any attempt at assessing the efficacy of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate in their prevention . Holter monitoring could not be used as an early predictor of late coronary restenosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
999
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83240",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Holter electrocardiography"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83241",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"continuous intravenous isosorbide dinitrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
278,
321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83242",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Holter electrocardiographic monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83243",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Holter monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83244",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isosorbide dinitrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
301,
321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83245",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Holter monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83246",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Use and limitations"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83247",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Holter electrocardiographic monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83248",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"spontaneous ischemic episodes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
724
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83249",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrent myocardial ischemic events"
],
"offsets": [
[
739,
775
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83250",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"myocardial ischemia during the peri-PTCA period"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83251",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"peri-PTCA ( percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty )"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83252 | 7955250 | [
{
"id": "83253",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Late hemodynamic effects of the preserved papillary muscles during mitral valve replacement . BACKGROUND The late hemodynamic effects of preserving the papillary muscles during mitral valve replacement have not been evaluated . METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen patients who had chronic mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration were randomized to preservation ( Pres group , n = 8 ) or no preservation ( No Pres group , n = 8 ) of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles during mitral valve replacement . Rest and exercise nuclear ventriculograms were performed early ( 3 months ) and late ( 5 years ) after surgery . Early after surgery , the No Pres group had lower ejection fractions and stroke work indexes ( P < .05 by repeated-measures [ rm ] ANOVA ) than the Pres group did at similar end-diastolic volume indexes . The No Pres group had similar cardiac indexes after exercise because heart rate increased ( P < .005 by rm ANOVA ) . Late after surgery , ejection fraction was greater at similar end-diastolic volume indexes ( P < .005 by rm ANCOVA ) , and preload recruitable stroke work indexes ( P < .001 by rm ANCOVA ) were better in the Pres group . CONCLUSIONS Preserving chordal attachments enhanced the late hemodynamic recovery after mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1309
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83254",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"mitral valve replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83255",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"preservation"
],
"offsets": [
[
352,
364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83256",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"no preservation"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83257",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles during mitral valve replacement"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
511
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83258",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Rest and exercise nuclear ventriculograms"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
555
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83259",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lower ejection fractions"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83260",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stroke work indexes"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
719
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83261",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiac indexes"
],
"offsets": [
[
862,
877
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83262",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
901,
921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83263",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
677,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83264",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"end-diastolic volume indexes"
],
"offsets": [
[
801,
829
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83265",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"preload recruitable stroke work indexes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1072,
1111
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83266",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mitral valve replacement ."
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
93
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83267",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Sixteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
248,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83268",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration"
],
"offsets": [
[
273,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83269",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"preservation"
],
"offsets": [
[
352,
364
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83270",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83271",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"no preservation"
],
"offsets": [
[
391,
406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83272",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
384,
385
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83273 | 7956382 | [
{
"id": "83274",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of TENS on pain , medications , and pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass graft surgery . The efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS ) as an adjunct to narcotic medications for the management of postoperative pain was assessed in a prospective , randomized , controlled study of patients following coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery with the right or left internal thoracic artery ( ITA ) . Forty-five male patients ( mean age , 57 +/- 6 years ) were randomly assigned to ( 1 ) TENS , ( 2 ) placebo TENS , or ( 3 ) control treatments ( n = 15 each ) , following extubation and during the 24- to 72-h postoperative period . Two-way analysis of variance tests indicated no significant differences among treatment groups for ( 1 ) pain with cough , ( 2 ) narcotic medication intake , ( 3 ) FVC , ( 4 ) FEV1 , and ( 5 ) PEFR ( p > 0.05 ) . However , pain at rest reported by the TENS group was significantly lower than that reported by the control group ( treatment main effect ; p < 0.04 ) , although no significant differences were observed between the TENS and placebo or between the placebo and control groups ( p > 0.05 ) . All six criterion measures were characterized by significant changes over time for the entire group ( n = 45 ; time main effect ; p < 0.01 ) , as follows : pain and medication intake were similar on days 1 and 2 , but were significantly less on day 3 , and pulmonary functions were significantly lower than preoperatively on day 1 , decreased further on day 2 , and despite an improvement on day 3 , remained significantly lower than preoperative values ( p < 0.01 ) . This study suggests that the addition of TENS , applied continuously during the immediate postoperative period following CABG with ITA , may not be advantageous in pain management or the prevention of pulmonary dysfunction ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1874
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83275",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( TENS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
127,
179
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83276",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TENS"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83277",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo TENS"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
559
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83278",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control treatments"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
589
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83279",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"TENS"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83280",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83281",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"medications"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83282",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary function"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83283",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
240,
258
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83284",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain with cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
799
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83285",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"narcotic medication intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
808,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83286",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FVC"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
846
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83287",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
855,
859
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83288",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PEFR"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83289",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain at rest"
],
"offsets": [
[
902,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83290",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83291",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"medication intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
817,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83292",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary functions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1438,
1457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83293",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
1851,
1872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83294",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass graft surgery ."
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83295 | 7956629 | [
{
"id": "83296",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A cost-benefit comparison of intensive diabetes management with implantable pumps versus multiple subcutaneous injections in patients with type I diabetes . OBJECTIVE To investigate if intraperitoneal ( IP ) insulin infusion via programmable implantable pumps is a potential alternative to subcutaneous ( SC ) insulin via multiple injections . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the cost-benefits of the two methods using a randomized , prospective , 6-month , crossover design in 10 adult type I diabetic patients . RESULTS When judged on the last month of IP versus SC periods in the nine patients who completed the study , metabolic data showed better glycemic control ( HbA1c : 7.2 +/- 0.2 IP vs. 8.5 +/- 0.7 % SC , mean +/- SE , P = 0.02 ) , reduced glycemic fluctuations ( SD of capillary glucose values : 3.4 +/- 0.2 IP vs. 4.6 +/- 0.2 mM SC , P < 0.01 ) , and fewer mild hypoglycemic events ( 5.7 +/- 2.0 IP vs. 10.0 +/- 3.1 events/month SC , P = 0.02 ) . Quality of life , judged by Diabetes Control and Complications Trial questionnaires , was unaffected by pump therapy . Direct costs , including pump acquisition , implantation , and follow-up , were 2.6-fold higher with IP than with SC delivery . CONCLUSIONS The implantable pump is more effective in the short term , equally accepted , but more costly than multiple injections and should be limited to patients with unsatisfactory glycemic control despite intensive diabetes management with SC insulin . In addition , longer-term , larger-scale , and comparative evaluation is required ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1557
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83297",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intensive diabetes management with implantable pumps"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83298",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"multiple subcutaneous injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83299",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intraperitoneal ( IP ) insulin infusion via programmable implantable pumps"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
259
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83300",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"subcutaneous ( SC ) insulin via multiple injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83301",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
76,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83302",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"implantable pump"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
80
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83303",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"multiple injections"
],
"offsets": [
[
322,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83304",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost-benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
2,
14
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83305",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cost-benefits"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83306",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"metabolic data"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83307",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glycemic control"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83308",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glycemic fluctuations"
],
"offsets": [
[
760,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83309",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mild hypoglycemic events"
],
"offsets": [
[
879,
903
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83310",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
969,
984
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83311",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Diabetes Control and Complications Trial questionnaires"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1052
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83312",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Direct costs , including pump acquisition , implantation , and follow-up"
],
"offsets": [
[
1088,
1160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83313",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effective"
],
"offsets": [
[
1257,
1266
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83314",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"accepted"
],
"offsets": [
[
1295,
1303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83315",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"costly"
],
"offsets": [
[
1315,
1321
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83316",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glycemic control"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83317",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type I diabetes"
],
"offsets": [
[
139,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83318",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
486,
488
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83319",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adult"
],
"offsets": [
[
489,
494
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83320",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"type I diabetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
510
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83321 | 7960300 | [
{
"id": "83322",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Assessing drug use prevalence in the workplace : a comparison of self-report methods and urinalysis . A random sample of 800 employees of a steel manufacturing company were randomly assigned to one of four self-report methods of assessing illicit drug use : 1 ) Individual interview in the workplace , 2 ) group-administered questionnaire in the workplace , 3 ) telephone interview , and 4 ) individual interview off the worksite . All 621 subjects participating in the research were also tested by urinalysis . Rates of drug use self-report were highest in the workplace interview condition and lowest in the overall group questionnaire condition . Although the overall prevalence rates produced by self-reports and urinalysis were similar , there was little concordance between urinalysis positives and self-report positives . The results indicated that self-reports and urinalysis are complementary methods of drug use assessment , and are best used in combination ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
969
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83323",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"self-report methods"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
84
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83324",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Individual interview in the workplace"
],
"offsets": [
[
262,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83325",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"group-administered questionnaire in the workplace"
],
"offsets": [
[
306,
355
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83326",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"telephone interview"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
381
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83327",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"individual interview off the worksite"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
429
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83328",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Rates of drug use self-report"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
541
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83329",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall prevalence rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
663,
687
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83330",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"urinalysis positives"
],
"offsets": [
[
780,
800
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83331",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"self-report positives"
],
"offsets": [
[
805,
826
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83332",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"drug use assessment"
],
"offsets": [
[
913,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83333 | 7961334 | [
{
"id": "83334",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Brief report : a controlled evaluation of facilitated communication using open-ended and fill-in questions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
108
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83335",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"open-ended and fill-in questions"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83336 | 7963648 | [
{
"id": "83337",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The degrees of UVB-induced erythema and pigmentation correlate linearly and are reduced in a parallel manner by topical anti-inflammatory agents . To examine whether it is possible to evaluate the degree of ultraviolet B ( UVB ) -induced inflammation by measuring the degree of hyperpigmentation , we investigated the relationship between UVB-induced erythema and the subsequent pigmentation quantitatively . At 24 h and 7 d after irradiation with erythemogenic doses of UVB to the backs of 16 Japanese subjects , the degree of induced erythema ( delta erythema index ) and that of pigmentation ( delta melanin index ) were examined by an image analytic method using a videomicroscope interfaced with a computer . The relationship between two indices was linear in each subject , and the correlation coefficient was 0.83 when evaluated using whole data . The slope of the regression line for the delta melanin index against delta erythema index tended to become steeper as non-irradiated skin color became darker ( r = 0.63 ) , suggesting that more efficient melanogenesis takes place after the same level of inflammation in the subject with darker skin . Both erythema and hyperpigmentation were suppressed significantly and in a parallel manner by corticosteroids and indomethacin applied topically immediately after UVB irradiation . These results imply that the post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation correlates closely with the severity of the prior inflammation and that chemical mediators released in the inflammatory process have considerable influence on the melanogenesis . We conclude that the measurement of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation can be utilized for the assessment of topical anti-inflammatory agents , unless these have direct actions on the tyrosinase activity of melanocytes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1796
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83338",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical anti-inflammatory agents ."
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83339",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corticosteroids"
],
"offsets": [
[
1250,
1265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83340",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1270,
1282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83341",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"topical anti-inflammatory agents"
],
"offsets": [
[
112,
144
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83342",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"erythema and hyperpigmentation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1191
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83343",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1366,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83344",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"UVB-induced hyperpigmentation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1617,
1646
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83345 | 7964693 | [
{
"id": "83346",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Therapy for progressive supranuclear palsy : past and future . Dysfunction of multiple brain systems in progressive supranuclear palsy ( PSP ) has complicated attempts to treat the disease . Neurotransmitter replacement strategies targeting the dopaminergic , cholinergic , and serotonergic systems have been unsuccessful . In order to bypass the degenerated cortico-striato-pallidal loop , we administered the adrenergic agonist idazoxan ( IDA ) to treat PSP in two randomized double-blind , placebo controlled , crossover studies . Approximately one half of patients enrolled in these studies showed statistically significant improvement in balance and manual dexterity while taking IDA compared to placebo . These results suggest that new therapies that target structures outside of the basal ganglia may be useful for symptomatic treatment of PSP . Applying this strategy and developing treatments that arrest or reverse clinical deterioration in PSP will require improved understanding of the process underlying the illness ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1030
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83347",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Neurotransmitter replacement strategies"
],
"offsets": [
[
191,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83348",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"adrenergic agonist idazoxan ( IDA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83349",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
500
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83350",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
500
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83351",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"therapies"
],
"offsets": [
[
742,
751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83352",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"statistically significant"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
627
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83353",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"improvement in balance and manual dexterity"
],
"offsets": [
[
628,
671
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83354",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"progressive supranuclear palsy"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83355",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"progressive supranuclear palsy"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83356 | 7964960 | [
{
"id": "83357",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Randomized double-blind , placebo-controlled evaluation of oral ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with fractionated total-body irradiation . PURPOSE To evaluate oral ondansetron in the prevention of total-body irradiation ( TBI ) -induced nausea and vomiting . METHODS Twenty patients who received 4 days of TBI as part of their preparative regimen before bone marrow transplantation were randomized to receive either 8-mg oral doses of ondansetron or placebo . Administration of drug was double-blinded . Initial rescue therapy consisted of intravenous ( i.v . ) ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg following two or more emetic episodes between successive fractions of TBI or five total emetic episodes during the 4 days of therapy . If , after receipt of i.v . ondansetron , patients had two or more emetic episodes between fractions of TBI or five total emetic episodes , additional antiemetics were administered . RESULTS Patients who received oral ondansetron had significantly fewer emetic episodes compared with those who received placebo ( P = .005 ) over the entire 4-day study period . Oral ondansetron was also significantly superior to placebo with respect to the time of onset of emesis or rescue ( P = .003 ) . Six of 10 patients treated with oral ondansetron completed the study without additional antiemetic therapy , while none of 10 patients who received placebo completed the study without rescue antiemetic therapy . Six placebo patients who received initial rescue therapy with i.v . ondansetron required no additional antiemetics . No relationships were apparent between peak ondansetron concentration ( Cmax ) or area under the concentration versus time curve ( AUC ) and number of emetic episodes . CONCLUSION Oral ondansetron is an effective therapy for the prevention of emesis induced by TBI ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1837
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83358",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83359",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83360",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83361",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral doses of ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
453,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83362",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83363",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83364",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83365",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83366",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83367",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83368",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83369",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83370",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antiemetic therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1330,
1348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83371",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83372",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antiemetic therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1330,
1348
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83373",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83374",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"initial rescue therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
1488,
1510
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83375",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83376",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Oral ondansetron"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83377",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"emetic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
639,
654
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83378",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time of onset of emesis or rescue"
],
"offsets": [
[
1193,
1226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83379",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"rescue antiemetic therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1426,
1453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83380",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"additional antiemetics ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1546,
1570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83381",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"peak ondansetron concentration ( Cmax ) or area under the concentration versus time curve ( AUC ) and number of emetic episodes ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1610,
1739
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83382",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nausea"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83383",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83384",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"fractionated total-body irradiation"
],
"offsets": [
[
133,
168
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83385",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"total-body irradiation ( TBI ) -induced nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
229,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83386",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
305
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83387 | 7966066 | [
{
"id": "83388",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Osteocalcin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . A one-year followup study . OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical , radiological , and drug ( disease modifying antirheumatic drug , DMARD ) dependent factors influencing bone turnover in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) . METHODS We investigated in a one-year double blind randomized study comparing intramuscular ( im ) gold with im methotrexate ( MTX ) , whether the variation of inflammatory activity or functional capacity , the ascending anatomic stage , or DMARD treatments have an influence on bone formation ( osteocalcin ) in patients with RA . RESULTS Patients ( n = 48 ) enrolled at the beginning of our study had significantly increased osteocalcin levels ( 3.45 +/- 0.93 -- > 4.42 +/- 1.39 ng/ml p < 0.02 ) after one year if inflammatory activity decreased ( > or = 1 SD : erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR ) 26.4 mm/h , C-reactive protein ( CRP ) 3.8 mg/dl ) . We found a significant negative correlation of the one-year CRP- ( r = -0.44 , p < 0.001 ) or ESR differences ( r = -0.45 , p < 0.001 ) with the corresponding osteocalcin differences . This was also evident if these patients were pooled with 15 patients excluded from the double blind study as already receiving DMARD treatment ( n = 63 ; p < 0.01 ) . Patients with impaired functional capacity also had significantly reduced osteocalcin levels ( p < 0.01 ) . In both cases , alkaline phosphatase showed no significant differences . CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that osteocalcin , a useful followup variable of bone turnover , is changed significantly ( p < 0.02 ) in patients with RA regarding inflammatory activity and functional capacity . In contrast to alkaline phosphatase , a fall in inflammatory activity stimulated and impairment of functional capacity significantly decreased osteocalcin levels in patients with RA ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1858
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83389",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Osteocalcin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83390",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intramuscular ( im ) gold with im methotrexate ( MTX )"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83391",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"DMARD treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
517,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83392",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83393",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83394",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"osteocalcin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83395",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83396",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR )"
],
"offsets": [
[
840,
878
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83397",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"C-reactive protein ( CRP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83398",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"CRP-"
],
"offsets": [
[
992,
996
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83399",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ESR"
],
"offsets": [
[
873,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83400",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"differences"
],
"offsets": [
[
1030,
1041
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83401",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83402",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"osteocalcin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
721
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83403",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"alkaline phosphatase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1408,
1428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83404",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bone turnover"
],
"offsets": [
[
215,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83405",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inflammatory activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
436,
457
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83406",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83407",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"alkaline phosphatase"
],
"offsets": [
[
1408,
1428
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"functional capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83409",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"rheumatoid arthritis"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83410",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"rheumatoid arthritis ( RA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83411",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"48"
],
"offsets": [
[
631,
633
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83412",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"RA"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83413",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"RA"
],
"offsets": [
[
269,
271
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83414 | 7969211 | [
{
"id": "83415",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Naltrexone , an opiate antagonist , fails to modify motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson 's disease . One month of adjunct treatment with naltrexone ( 100 mg/day ) was compared with placebo in a double-blind , randomized , cross-over design in two groups of patients with Parkinson 's disease . The first group was composed of 10 patients with a moderate motor impairment insufficiently controlled by monotherapy with bromocriptine . The second group was composed of eight patients with L-dopa-induced peak-dose dyskinesia . Naltrexone as compared with placebo did not demonstrate any significant change in motor function in either group . These negative clinical results do not support a significant role of endogenous opioid systems in the pathophysiology of motor impairment in Parkinson 's disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
808
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83416",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Naltrexone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83417",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"opiate antagonist"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83418",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"naltrexone"
],
"offsets": [
[
143,
153
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83419",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83420",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bromocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
423,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83421",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Naltrexone"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83422",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83423",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83424",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor impairment"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83425",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor function"
],
"offsets": [
[
612,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83426",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor impairment"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83427",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with Parkinson 's disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83428",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"two groups of patients with Parkinson 's disease ."
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
299
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83429",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"10"
],
"offsets": [
[
156,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83430",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with a moderate motor impairment insufficiently controlled by monotherapy with bromocriptine"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
436
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83431 | 7974179 | [
{
"id": "83432",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A prospective randomized study concerning the point A dose in high-dose rate intracavitary therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix . The final results . PURPOSE High-dose rate ( HDR ) remote afterloading intracavitary therapy has been recognized as an effective and safe treatment modality for carcinoma of the uterine cervix . Since 1983 , a prospective randomized study was started in order to investigate the more advantageous treatment schedule with keeping the local control rate . This paper reports the final results in terms of survival , local control and complications . PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1983 and February 1989 , a total of 165 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix was entered in a prospective randomized study concerning the point A dose of HDR therapy ( 6 Gy/fraction vs 7.5 Gy/fraction ) and external irradiation dose at Department of Radiation Therapy , The Center for Adult Diseases , Osaka . UICC [ 20 ] stage distribution of patients was as follows : stage IA = 4 , stage IB = 33 , stage IIA = 18 , stage IIB = 38 , stage III = 57 , stage IV = 15 . RESULTS Overall 5-year cause specific survivals were as follows : stage IA = 100 % , stage IB = 96 % , stage IIA = 92 % , stage IIB = 79 % , stage III = 57 % , stage IV = 27 % . In each stage , 5-year survival rates in groups A and B were 100 % , 93 % in stage I , 82 % and 85 % in stage II , 62 % and 52 % in stage II and 22 % and 31 % in stage IV , respectively . There were no statistically significant differences among these survival curves in each stage . Five-year local failure rates were 16 % in group A and 16 % in group B ( p = 0.9096 ) , and corresponding distant failure rates were 23 % in group A and 19 % in group B ( p = 0.2955 ) . Moderate-to-severe complications requiring treatment ( Kottmeier 's grade 2 or more ) were noted in 6 patients ( 7 % ) in group A and 6 patients ( 7 % ) in group B . All of the bladder and rectal complications needed medical treatment ( Kottmeier 's grade 2 ) . Severe complications receiving surgery were noted in 4 patients ( A : 1 ; B : 3 ) , i.e. , small intestine 3 and sigmoid colon 1 patient . Another 1 patient ( A ) was dead of ileus . CONCLUSIONS There were no statistically significant differences between 2 treatment schedules in survival rates , failure patterns and complications rates . This fact suggests that small number of fractions ( 7.5 Gy/fraction ) may be advantageous because of short duration and a low load of treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2494
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83433",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"high-dose rate intracavitary therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"High-dose rate ( HDR ) remote afterloading intracavitary therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
229
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83435",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"HDR therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
785,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83436",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"external irradiation dose at Department of Radiation Therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
838,
898
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83437",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year cause specific survivals"
],
"offsets": [
[
1115,
1146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83438",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"5-year survival rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1293,
1314
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83439",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Five-year local failure rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
1561,
1590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83440",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Moderate-to-severe complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1747,
1779
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83441",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bladder and rectal complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
1924,
1956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83442",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Severe complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
2009,
2029
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83443",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"dead"
],
"offsets": [
[
2176,
2180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83444",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"statistically significant differences between 2 treatment schedules in survival rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
2218,
2303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83445",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"failure patterns"
],
"offsets": [
[
2306,
2322
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83446",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complications rates"
],
"offsets": [
[
2327,
2346
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83447",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"carcinoma of the uterine cervix"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83448",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"carcinoma of the uterine cervix"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83449",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"165"
],
"offsets": [
[
658,
661
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83450",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"carcinoma of the uterine cervix"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83451",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"4"
],
"offsets": [
[
1012,
1013
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83452",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"33"
],
"offsets": [
[
1027,
1029
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83453",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"18"
],
"offsets": [
[
1044,
1046
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83454",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"38"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1063
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83455",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"57"
],
"offsets": [
[
1078,
1080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83456",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"15"
],
"offsets": [
[
1094,
1096
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83457 | 7975860 | [
{
"id": "83458",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Correlation between in vivo humoral and in vitro cellular immune responses following immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) vaccines . To study the regulation of the human immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) we have carefully monitored the in vivo humoral and in vitro cellular immune responses to HBsAg in 50 subjects receiving four doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to a 0 , 1 , 2 , 12 month vaccination scheme . Twenty-three subjects were given a plasma-derived vaccine ( Hevac B ) and 27 received a recombinant HBsAg vaccine ( yeast-derived ; Engerix-B ) . The humoral and cellular immune responses were measured before vaccination ( day 0 ) ; 6 days after the second dose ( day 36 ) ; 6 days ( day 66 ) , 2 months ( day 120 ) and 10 months ( day 365 ) after the third dose and 1 month after the fourth dose ( day 395 ) . Based on the kinetics of the humoral immune responses , the vaccinees could be classified into fast , intermediate and slow/non-responders . Based on the magnitude of the immune response ( anti-HBs titre ) on day 395 , the vaccinees could be divided into high ( > or = 2000 U l-1 ) and low ( < or = 2000 U l-1 ) responders . A close correlation between the kinetics and the magnitude of the humoral immune response was observed . The in vivo anti-HBs response was measured using commercially available immunoradiometric assays . The in vitro cellular immune response was measured using an HBsAg-specific lymphoproliferation assay . Because of interassay variability the results were considered as dichotomous variables ( proliferation versus non-proliferation ) for further data analysis . A statistically significant correlation was observed between the kinetics and magnitude of the humoral immune response on the one hand and the in vitro anti-HBs response on the other hand . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1884
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83459",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) vaccines ."
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
151
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83460",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg )"
],
"offsets": [
[
103,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83461",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hepatitis B vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83462",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"plasma-derived vaccine ( Hevac B )"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
527
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83463",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"recombinant HBsAg vaccine ( yeast-derived ; Engerix-B ) ."
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83464",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"humoral immune response"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83465",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"in vivo anti-HBs response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1303,
1328
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83466",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"in vitro cellular immune response"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
73
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83467",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dichotomous variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
1566,
1587
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83468",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"human immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen"
],
"offsets": [
[
183,
235
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83469",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50"
],
"offsets": [
[
345,
347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83470",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"receiving four doses of hepatitis B vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83471 | 7976148 | [
{
"id": "83472",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Oesophageal intubation can be undetected by auscultation of the chest . Prompt detection of oesophageal intubation is a primary concern in anaesthetic practice . This blind , randomised study evaluates three widely used tests of intubation . Forty patients had both their trachea and oesophagus intubated , each patient was studied twice . Auscultation of the epigastrium , right and left axilla is more reliable than auscultation of the chest , and the anaesthetist 's feeling when he squeezes the bag . P = 0.001 and P = 0.048 , respectively . The tests were carried out after gastric distension with gas had occurred . We conclude that auscultation of epigastrium , right and left axilla , are recommended ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
710
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83473",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"auscultation"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
56
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83474",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"oesophageal intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83475",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83476",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"intubated"
],
"offsets": [
[
295,
304
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83477",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Auscultation of the epigastrium"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83478",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Oesophageal intubation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
22
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83479",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Forty patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
242,
256
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83480",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"anaesthetist 's"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83481 | 7977921 | [
{
"id": "83482",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Preventing disability and falls in older adults : a population-based randomized trial . OBJECTIVES Because preventing disability and falls in older adults is a national priority , a randomized controlled trial was conducted to test a multicomponent intervention program . METHODS From a random sample of health maintenance organization ( HMO ) enrollees 65 years and older , 1559 ambulatory seniors were randomized to one of three groups : a nurse assessment visit and follow-up interventions targeting risk factors for disability and falls ( group 1 , n = 635 ) ; a general health promotion nurse visit ( group 2 , n = 317 ) ; and usual care ( group 3 , n = 607 ) . Data collection consisted of a baseline and two annual follow-up surveys . RESULTS After 1 year , group 1 subjects reported a significantly lower incidence of declining functional status and a significantly lower incidence of falls than group 3 subjects . Group 2 subjects had intermediate levels of most outcomes . After 2 years of follow-up , the differences narrowed . CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a modest , one-time prevention program appeared to confer short-term health benefits on ambulatory HMO enrollees , although benefits diminished by the second year of follow-up . The mechanisms by which the intervention may have improved outcomes require further investigation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1353
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83483",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"a nurse assessment visit and follow-up interventions targeting risk factors for disability and falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
540
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83484",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"general health promotion nurse visit"
],
"offsets": [
[
567,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83485",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"usual care"
],
"offsets": [
[
632,
642
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83486",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability and falls in older adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83487",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"disability and falls in older adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83488",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of declining functional status"
],
"offsets": [
[
813,
853
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83489",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"incidence of falls"
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
898
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83490",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"short-term health benefits"
],
"offsets": [
[
1134,
1160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83491",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"benefits diminished"
],
"offsets": [
[
1200,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83492",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"older adults"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
47
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83493",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"1559"
],
"offsets": [
[
375,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83494",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ambulatory HMO enrollees"
],
"offsets": [
[
1164,
1188
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83495 | 7981078 | [
{
"id": "83496",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment of multiple myeloma according to the extension of the disease : a prospective , randomised study comparing a less with a more aggressive cystostatic policy . Cooperative Group of Study and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma . The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether the prognostic significance of staging in multiple myeloma ( MM ) is influenced by the aggressiveness of effective induction treatment and/or by continuing or discontinuing maintenance chemotherapy . Patients with untreated stage I MM ( defined according to Durie and Salmon ) were randomised between being followed without cytostatics until the disease progressed and receiving six courses of melphalan and prednisone ( MP-P ) just after diagnosis ; stage II patients were uniformly treated with MPH-P and stage III patients were randomised between MPH-P and four courses of combination chemotherapy with Peptichemio , vincristine and prednisone ( PTC-VCR-P ) . Within each stage , responsive patients were randomised between receiving additional therapy only until maximal tumour reduction was reached ( plateau phase ) and continuing induction therapy indefinitely until relapse . With resistant , progressive or relapsing disease , patients originally treated with MPH-P for induction received combination chemotherapy and vice versa . The overall first response rate was 43.8 % ( 42.2 % in 206 stage I , II and III patients treated with MPH-P and 48.0 % in 75 stage III patients treated with combination chemotherapy , P = NS ) . Combination chemotherapy was more myelotoxic than MPH-P and , in particular , caused more non-haematological side-effects . Both the less and the more aggressive induction policies gave the same disease control . Progression of disease was statistically similar in stage I patients who were initially left untreated and in t hose who received MPH-P just after diagnosis ; median duration of first response was similar in stage III patients receiving MPH-P and in those on combination chemotherapy . In all stages , discontinuing or continuing maintenance did not alter the median duration of first response . The overall second response rate was 28.5 % ( 34.0 % to MPH-P and 25.3 % to combination chemotherapy , P = NS ) . Median survival was greater than 78 months in stage I , was 46.3 months in stage II and was 24.3 months in stage III patients , still independent of both induction and post-induction policies . In MM , the significance of staging for survival is independent of both the aggressiveness of induction and of continuing or discontinuing maintenance chemotherapy after the maximal tumor reduction has been achieved . Both MPH-P and and the association of PTC , VCR and P are effective in inducing first response and also second response in patients failing on the alternative regimen , but PTC-VCR-P causes more side effects . Thus , the overwhelming majority of patients with MM can safely be given MPH-P as first therapy , and this treatment may be delayed in early diseases ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3012
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83497",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aggressive cystostatic"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aggressiveness of effective induction treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83499",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"followed without cytostatics"
],
"offsets": [
[
588,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83500",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"melphalan and prednisone ( MP-P )"
],
"offsets": [
[
675,
708
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83501",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MPH-P"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83502",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MPH-P"
],
"offsets": [
[
778,
783
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83503",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combination chemotherapy with Peptichemio , vincristine and prednisone ( PTC-VCR-P )"
],
"offsets": [
[
857,
941
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83504",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"overall first response rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1325,
1352
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83505",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myelotoxic"
],
"offsets": [
[
1550,
1560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83506",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"non-haematological side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1606,
1637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83507",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"disease control"
],
"offsets": [
[
1711,
1726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Progression of disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1729,
1751
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83509",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of first response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1895,
1921
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83510",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"median duration of first"
],
"offsets": [
[
1888,
1912
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83511",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1339,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83512",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"overall second response rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
2129,
2157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83513",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Median"
],
"offsets": [
[
2239,
2245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83514",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
2246,
2254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83515",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
2246,
2254
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83516",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"first response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1333,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83517",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"second response"
],
"offsets": [
[
2137,
2152
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83518",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2846,
2860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83519",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Multiple Myeloma"
],
"offsets": [
[
212,
228
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83520",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"untreated stage I MM"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
515
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83521 | 7995312 | [
{
"id": "83522",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of lisinopril and nifedipine in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension . A multicentre study . Lisinopril has been compared with slow-release nifedipine in a 16-week double-blind , randomized , parallel-group study involving 102 patients with mild to moderate hypertension . Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced 6 and 5 mmHg more by lisinopril than by nifedipine over 12 weeks monotherapy . After 12 weeks a greater proportion of patients taking lisinopril was controlled ( sitting diastolic blood pressure below 95 mm Hg ) than in those taking nifedipine . As a result , 17 % of those taking lisinopril and 38 % of those taking nifedipine required additional therapy with hydrochlorothiazide . The addition of hydrochlorothiazide resulted in similar response rates in the lisinopril and nifedipine groups ( 89 % and 75 % respectively ) . The rate of reporting of adverse events considered to be drug-related and the rate of withdrawals were similar for both treatments . Cough was more often reported with lisinopril and headache , sweating , and hot flushes with nifedipine . We conclude that once-daily titrated doses of lisinopril produced better control of blood pressure than twice-daily titrated doses of nifedipine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1268
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83523",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril and nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83526",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83527",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83528",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83529",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83530",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83531",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83532",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83533",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83534",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine"
],
"offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83535",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83536",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83537",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lisinopril"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83538",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nifedipine ."
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83539",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures"
],
"offsets": [
[
296,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83540",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hydrochlorothiazide"
],
"offsets": [
[
717,
736
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83541",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
908,
922
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83542",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Cough"
],
"offsets": [
[
1016,
1021
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83543",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"headache , sweating"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1085
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83544",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"hot flushes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1092,
1103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83545",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
327,
341
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83546",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild to moderate hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
91
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83547",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"102"
],
"offsets": [
[
246,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83548 | 7995325 | [
{
"id": "83549",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The effects of single oral doses of 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone on finger skin circulation in healthy women and in women with primary Raynaud 's phenomenon . The effects of sex , the menstrual cycle , oral contraceptives , pregnancy , and the menopause on skin perfusion in healthy women and in patients with Raynaud 's phenomenon suggest a role of female sex hormones . However , no clear relation between skin blood flow and circulating concentrations of oestrogens or progestogens has yet been found . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of orally administered 17 beta-oestradiol and progesterone on finger skin blood flow before and during heat and cold challenge in 17 healthy normotensive women and in 12 women with Raynaud 's phenomenon . In each subject standardized finger heating ( 45 degrees C water bath , 10 min ) and cooling tests ( 15 degrees C water bath , 5 min and 20 min recovery ) were performed twice on the second ( or third ) day of two consecutive menstrual cycles . 17 beta-Oestradiol ( 9 mg ) or progesterone ( 300 mg ) were given before the second test , after a first test with placebo . Both hormonal doses resulted in ( high ) physiological concentrations . Fingertip skin temperature and laser Doppler flux were measured . There were no significant differences in the test results after placebo and after progesterone . Although values of fingertip skin temperature and laser Doppler flux after 17 beta-oestradiol tended to be higher only the precooling values in the healthy subjects reached significance : fingertip skin temperature respectively with placebo and with oestradiol ( mean ( SD ) ) : 32.7 ( 1.0 ) and 33.1 ( 0.8 ) degrees C ; laser Doppler flux with placebo and with oestradiol : 33.6 ( 11.7 ) and 42.2 ( 9.5 ) perfusion units ; both P < 0.05 ) . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1852
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83550",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"17 beta-oestradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"17 beta-oestradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
54
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83553",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83554",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"17 beta-Oestradiol"
],
"offsets": [
[
1015,
1033
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83555",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"progesterone"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83556",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1130,
1137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"finger skin circulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"skin blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
415,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"finger skin blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
627,
649
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83560",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"physiological concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83561",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Fingertip skin temperature"
],
"offsets": [
[
1212,
1238
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83562",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"laser Doppler flux"
],
"offsets": [
[
1243,
1261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83563",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy women and in women with primary Raynaud 's phenomenon ."
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
165
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83564 | 7997384 | [
{
"id": "83565",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of simultaneous didanosine administration on itraconazole absorption in healthy volunteers . STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of simultaneously administered didanosine ( ddI ) on the absorption of a single dose of itraconazole . DESIGN Randomized , crossover , unblinded single-dose pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers . Comparisons of itraconazole alone and itraconazole with simultaneous ddI were performed on days 1 and 15 . SETTING A university medical center . PATIENTS Seven healthy men and women . Six subjects ( 86 % ) completed the study ; one was removed due to the development of a rash . INTERVENTIONS Volunteers received a single 200-mg oral dose of itraconazole or itraconazole with concomitant oral ddI 300 mg ( two 150-mg tablets ) dispersed in 240 ml water . Each regimen was separated by a 2-week washout period . Serum samples were obtained frequently for 12 hours after the dose . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Concentrations of itraconazole were determined using a microbiologic assay . Individual concentrations in serum versus time data were evaluated by linear regression analysis . Peak serum concentration and time to peak were determined by visual inspection of each individual 's serum concentration-time curve . A mean +/- SD peak serum itraconazole concentration of 0.90 +/- 0.30 micrograms/ml was observed at 3.0 +/- 0.7 hours when itraconazole was administered alone , compared with undetectable levels in all patients during therapy with ddI . CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous oral administration of ddI significantly decreases absorption of itraconazole . These drugs should not be administered concurrently ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1659
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83566",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"didanosine ( ddI"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83567",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83568",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83569",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole with simultaneous ddI"
],
"offsets": [
[
383,
417
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83570",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"single 200-mg oral dose of itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
660,
699
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83571",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole with concomitant oral ddI 300 mg ( two 150-mg tablets )"
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
771
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83574",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oral administration of ddI"
],
"offsets": [
[
1526,
1552
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83575",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
64
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83576",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"itraconazole absorption"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83577",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum versus time data"
],
"offsets": [
[
1061,
1083
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83578",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Peak serum concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1131,
1155
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83579",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time to peak"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1172
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83580",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean +/- SD peak serum itraconazole concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1267,
1316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83581",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"absorption of itraconazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
1577,
1603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83582",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy volunteers ."
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83583",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seven"
],
"offsets": [
[
499,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83584",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"men"
],
"offsets": [
[
513,
516
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83585",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"women"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
526
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83586 | 7997386 | [
{
"id": "83587",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of intravenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate on myocardial contractility in patients with left ventricular dysfunction . STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on myocardial performance using nuclear scintigraphy . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , single-blind , parallel study . SETTING Urban teaching hospital clinical research center . PATIENTS Individuals with New York Heart Association functional class II-III heart failure ( mild to moderate ) . INTERVENTIONS Subjects received either intravenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate 125 mg/kg or normal saline 1.3 ml/kg every 12 hours over 10 minutes for four consecutive doses . Left ventricular performance was assessed by radionuclide ventriculography at baseline and within 60 minutes after the fourth infusion . Vital signs were monitored throughout the study period . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fructose-1,6-diphosphate resulted in a modest 7 % increase in left ventricular ejection fraction ( p < 0.05 ) . Peak ejection rate and peak diastolic filling rate did not change significantly . There were no changes in blood pressure or heart rate with either fructose-1,6-diphosphate or placebo . CONCLUSIONS Fructose-1,6-diphosphate produces a modest but significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with mild to moderate heart failure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1346
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83588",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83589",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fructose-1,6-diphosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83590",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous fructose-1,6-diphosphate 125 mg/kg"
],
"offsets": [
[
523,
569
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83591",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"normal saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
586
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83592",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"radionuclide ventriculography"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
731
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83593",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fructose-1,6-diphosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83594",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fructose-1,6-diphosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83595",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1176
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83596",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fructose-1,6-diphosphate"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
905
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83597",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial contractility"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
74
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83598",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial performance"
],
"offsets": [
[
193,
215
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83599",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"left ventricular ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83600",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Peak ejection rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
993,
1011
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83601",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak diastolic filling rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1016,
1043
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83602",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1100,
1114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83603",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1118,
1128
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83604",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"left ventricular ejection fraction"
],
"offsets": [
[
943,
977
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83605",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"left ventricular dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
92,
120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83606",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"New York Heart Association functional class II-III heart failure ( mild to moderate"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83607",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83608 | 80115 | [
{
"id": "83609",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Anaphylactoid reactions and histamine release by plasma substitutes : a randomized controlled trial in human subjects and in dogs [ proceedings ] ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
147
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83610",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Anaphylactoid"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83611",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"plasma substitutes :"
],
"offsets": [
[
49,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83612",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Anaphylactoid reactions and histamine release"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83613",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"in human"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
108
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83614 | 8015504 | [
{
"id": "83615",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Early effects of continuous low-dosage all-norgestrel administered alone or with estrogen . Twenty-six postmenopausal women participated in a double-blind trial involving treatment according to a Latin square design with either ( i ) dl-norgestrel alone ( 0.075 mg/day ) continuously for two cycles , ( ii ) estradiol-17 beta alone ( 1 mg on 25 of 28 days ) for two cycles , or ( iii ) the combined hormones for six cycles . A placebo control cycle followed each hormonal treatment . Plasma triglycerides decreased by an average 22 % during treatment with either dl-norgestrel alone ( 123 +/- 11 vs. 160 +/- 10 mg/dl , n = 25 , P < 0.005 ) or combination therapy ( 126 +/- 11 vs. 162 +/- 11 , n = 25 , P < 0.005 ) as compared with control . Plasma total cholesterol fell by 5 % during two cycles of treatment with either dl-norgestrel alone ( 229 +/- 11 vs. 242 +/- 10 mg/dl , n = 25 , P < 0.02 ) or combination therapy ( 233 +/- 11 vs. 246 +/- 10 , n = 25 , P < 0.05 ) versus placebo . During the fifth and sixth cycles of combination therapy 94 % of cycles were free of flushing ( vs. 31 % for control , P < 0.01 ) , 64 % of cycles were free of spotting not requiring protection ( control 75 % ) , 96 % of cycles were free of vaginal bleeding ( control 100 % ) , endometrial biopsy showed inactive endometrium in nine of the 10 subjects re-biopsied , fasting blood pyruvate decreased by 20 % ( P < 0.05 ) and diastolic blood pressure fell by 4 % compared with control ( P < 0.05 ) , whereas glucose tolerance was unchanged . There was a significant reduction in vasomotor flushing beginning with the third to fourth cycles of combination therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1649
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83616",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"all-norgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
39,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83617",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dl-norgestrel alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83618",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"estradiol-17 beta alone"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83619",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"combined hormones"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
407
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83620",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo control"
],
"offsets": [
[
427,
442
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83621",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dl-norgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83622",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dl-norgestrel"
],
"offsets": [
[
234,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma triglycerides decreased"
],
"offsets": [
[
484,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma total cholesterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
741,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83625",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"free of flushing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1064,
1080
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83626",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"free of spotting not requiring protection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1139,
1180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83627",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"free of vaginal bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1244
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83628",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inactive endometrium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1291,
1311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83629",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fasting blood pyruvate decreased"
],
"offsets": [
[
1353,
1385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83630",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"diastolic blood pressure fell"
],
"offsets": [
[
1411,
1440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83631",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glucose tolerance was unchanged"
],
"offsets": [
[
1493,
1524
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83632",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vasomotor flushing"
],
"offsets": [
[
1564,
1582
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83633 | 8015776 | [
{
"id": "83634",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Laser-aided external drainage of subretinal fluid : prospective randomized comparison with needle drainage . In a prospective randomized study of 50 consecutive eyes , we compared the safety and efficacy of draining subretinal fluid transchoroidally in primary scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using a needle , with the safety and efficacy of the same procedure using an angulated endolaser probe set at 1 W for 0.2 seconds , using an average of 2.4 laser burns . There were no significant complications associated with the laser-aided drainage procedures ( 25 eyes ) . In the transchoroidal needle drainage procedures ( 25 eyes ) , subretinal hemorrhage occurred in three eyes and retinal incarceration in one . Thus , though our numbers are small , there appears to be some advantage of laser-assisted drainage in terms of a lower incidence of complications ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
883
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83635",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"Laser-aided external drainage"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83636",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"subretinal fluid transchoroidally"
],
"offsets": [
[
216,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83637",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"needle"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
97
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83638",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"angulated endolaser probe"
],
"offsets": [
[
393,
418
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83639",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"laser-aided drainage"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
566
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83640",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"transchoroidal needle drainage"
],
"offsets": [
[
599,
629
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83641",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
184,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83642",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83643",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"safety"
],
"offsets": [
[
184,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83644",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
195,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83645",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83646",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"subretinal hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83647",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of complications"
],
"offsets": [
[
855,
881
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83648",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"subretinal fluid"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83649",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50"
],
"offsets": [
[
146,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83650 | 8018108 | [
{
"id": "83651",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Endurance physical activity , diet and fibrinolysis . The impact of long-term , heavy exercise on recently established cardiovascular/thromboembolic risk factors of the fibrinolytic system , tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( PAI-1 ) in relation to food composition was studied . Twenty healthy men , aged 18-55 years participated in a 14-day skiing tour through the Swedish mountains , carrying a pack load of 30 kg , and spending each night in self-dug igloos ( ambient temp -10 degrees to -25 degrees C ) , and were randomized to 2 food regimens having 30 or 40 energy percent of fat . Individual records were kept of all consumed food . Citrated plasma was obtained before and after 1 and 2 weeks of exercise : tPA release was assessed by a 10 min venous occlusion ( VO ) test . At baseline , daily dietary fiber intake correlated negatively with PAI-1 activity . Already after the first week of the skiing tour there were significant drops in PAI-1 activities , cholesterol and triglycerides . The tPA mass concentrations also dropped , both before and after VO , but tPA activities were unchanged , as were von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) levels . These changes were related mainly to the expenditure of energy , calculated from the food consumption , and appeared to be mediated through changed insulin sensitivity and decreased body fat mass . The energy percent of fat in the food had no differential impact . The effects receded a few weeks after cessation of the endurance exercise . Thus , endurance physical activity improves the fibrinolytic risk factor profile by reducing PAI-1 while leaving tPA activity unaffected , independently of food composition . A low dietary fiber intake appears to be associated with higher PAI-1 activities at baseline ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1802
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83652",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Endurance physical activity ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83653",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"diet"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
34
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83654",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"long-term , heavy exercise"
],
"offsets": [
[
68,
94
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83655",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"14-day skiing tour through the Swedish mountains , carrying a pack load of 30 kg , and spending each night in self-dug igloos ( ambient temp -10 degrees to -25 degrees C )"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
547
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83656",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"2 food regimens having 30 or 40 energy percent of fat"
],
"offsets": [
[
573,
626
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83657",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Individual records were kept of all consumed food"
],
"offsets": [
[
629,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83658",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Citrated plasma was obtained before and after 1 and 2 weeks of exercise : tPA release was assessed by a 10 min venous occlusion ( VO ) test"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
820
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83659",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"daily dietary fiber intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83660",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"endurance physical activity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1540,
1567
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83661",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Citrated plasma"
],
"offsets": [
[
681,
696
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83662",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tPA release"
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83663",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"daily dietary fiber intake"
],
"offsets": [
[
837,
863
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83664",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PAI-1 activities , cholesterol and triglycerides"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
1036
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83665",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tPA mass concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
1043,
1066
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83666",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tPA activities"
],
"offsets": [
[
1113,
1127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83667",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"von Willebrand factor ( vWF ) levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1153,
1189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83668",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tPA"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
225
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83669",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PAI-1 activities"
],
"offsets": [
[
988,
1004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83670",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty"
],
"offsets": [
[
320,
326
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83671",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"18-55 years"
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
357
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83672 | 8018457 | [
{
"id": "83673",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Interactive effects of indomethacin , angiotensin II and frusemide on renal haemodynamics and natriuresis in man . The responses of renal haemodynamic and natriuretic indices to the oral prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin ( 200 mg ) , to infused angiotensin II ( 1 ng min-1 kg-1 ) and to the combination of the two were studies in placebo-controlled fashion in eight normal male subjects both prior to and following administration of intravenous frusemide ( 20 mg ) . As compared with placebo , angiotensin II infusion alone caused significant reductions in absolute rate of sodium excretion , fractional sodium excretion , urine flow rate and effective renal plasma flow ( all P < 0.001 vs placebo ) but had no effect on glomerular filtration rate . The only change observed in these parameters with indomethacin alone was a small but significant reduction in urine flow rate ( P < 0.005 vs placebo ) . As compared with the effects of angiotensin II alone , indomethacin pre-treatment followed by angiotensin II infusion led to much greater falls in absolute rate of sodium excretion , fractional sodium excretion , urine flow rate and effective renal plasma flow ( all P < 0.0001 vs placebo ) associated with a significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate ( P < 0.0001 ) not observed with angiotensin II alone . Frusemide administration at the midpoint of each study limb resulted in each case in a prompt 15 to 20 fold increase in natriuresis . The renal haemodynamic and natriuretic effects of angiotensin II , indomethacin and their combination were not qualitatively different from those observed in the pre-frusemide phase . Our findings provide a clear demonstration in man of the important homeostatic role of renal prostaglandins in preserving renal function , particularly glomerular filtration , under conditions of elevated circulating angiotensin II ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1885
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83674",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83675",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin II"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83676",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"frusemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
57,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83677",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indomethacin ( 200 mg )"
],
"offsets": [
[
222,
245
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83678",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"infused angiotensin II"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
273
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83679",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83680",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous frusemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
468
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83681",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83682",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin II infusion"
],
"offsets": [
[
508,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83683",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83684",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"indomethacin"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83685",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin II"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83686",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83687",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Frusemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1334,
1343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83688",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pre-frusemide"
],
"offsets": [
[
1630,
1643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83689",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"absolute rate of sodium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83690",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fractional sodium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83691",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urine flow rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
637,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83692",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effective renal plasma flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83693",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glomerular filtration rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83694",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urine flow rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
637,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83695",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"absolute rate of sodium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
571,
604
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83696",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fractional sodium excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83697",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"urine flow rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
637,
652
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83698",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effective renal plasma flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
657,
684
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83699",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glomerular filtration rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
735,
761
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83700",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"natriuresis"
],
"offsets": [
[
94,
105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83701",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"renal haemodynamic and natriuretic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1472,
1514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83702",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"homeostatic role"
],
"offsets": [
[
1719,
1735
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83703",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"renal function , particularly glomerular filtration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1774,
1825
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83704",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"eight"
],
"offsets": [
[
374,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83705",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"male"
],
"offsets": [
[
387,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83706 | 8033763 | [
{
"id": "83707",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Relationship between subjective effects and drug preferences : ethanol and diazepam . The relationship between subjective effects and drug preferences in normal volunteers was explored in a meta-analysis of several previously published studies . Subjective effects of , and preference for , ethanol and diazepam vs. placebo were measured using a choice procedure . Subjects were grouped according to their drug choices : 'non-choosers ' never chose drug , whereas 'choosers ' always chose drug . The two groups were compared on their subjective responses to drug and on demographic variables . Ethanol decreased Arousal , Elation , Positive Mood and Vigor , and increased Anxiety , Depression and Fatigue in the non-choosers , whereas it increased Arousal and Vigor in the choosers . Ethanol choosers were also more likely to be males and/or full-time students than non-choosers . Diazepam produced sedative-like effects in both choosers and non-choosers , but markedly decreased Anxiety and increased Friendliness in choosers only . Diazepam choice was also associated with more frequent recreational use of marijuana and stimulants . Thus , both demographic variables and subjective drug effects were related to drug preference ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1231
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83708",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83709",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83710",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ethanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
63,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83711",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
83
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83712",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
316,
323
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83713",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ethanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83714",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ethanol"
],
"offsets": [
[
594,
601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83715",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83716",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Diazepam"
],
"offsets": [
[
881,
889
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83717",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"decreased Arousal , Elation , Positive Mood and Vigor"
],
"offsets": [
[
602,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83718",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"increased Anxiety"
],
"offsets": [
[
662,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83719",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83720",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"and Fatigue"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
704
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83721",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"increased Arousal"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
755
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83722",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Vigor"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83723",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"likely to be males and/or full-time students"
],
"offsets": [
[
816,
860
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83724",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"sedative-like effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
899,
920
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83725",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"decreased Anxiety and increased Friendliness"
],
"offsets": [
[
970,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83726",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"more frequent recreational use of marijuana and stimulants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1075,
1135
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83727",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"demographic variables and subjective drug effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1148,
1197
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83728",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"drug preferences"
],
"offsets": [
[
44,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83729",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"normal"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83730",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"males"
],
"offsets": [
[
829,
834
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83731 | 8034784 | [
{
"id": "83732",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effectiveness of a calculus scaling gel . This study evaluated the effect of a calculus scaling gel ( SofScale ) on time and ease of the scaling procedure in a double-blind , split-mouth clinical study of 32 subjects . The Volpe-Manhold calculus index was used to quantify the distribution and amount of calculus deposition on the lingual aspect of the mandibular 6 anterior teeth at baseline . The gel was applied directly to the calculus and subgingivally to the area to be scaled . Pre- and post-treatment gingival and stain indices were taken . Operator and subject questionnaires were completed immediately after treatment to determine ease of the scaling procedure . Results were analyzed with paired t-tests . The time difference in scaling between the product and placebo side was not significant . This study found that SofScale is safe to gingival tissues and does not promote tooth sensitivity . However , this study did not find significant differences in scaling time between product and placebo when using a 2-minute gel contact time ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1049
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83733",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calculus scaling gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83734",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"calculus scaling gel ( SofScale )"
],
"offsets": [
[
79,
112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83735",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Volpe-Manhold calculus index"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83736",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"gel"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83737",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"SofScale"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
110
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83738",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
779
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83739",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time and ease of the scaling procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
116,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83740",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Volpe-Manhold calculus index"
],
"offsets": [
[
223,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83741",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Operator and subject questionnaires"
],
"offsets": [
[
549,
584
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83742",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"time difference in scaling"
],
"offsets": [
[
721,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83743",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"gingival tissues"
],
"offsets": [
[
849,
865
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83744",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"tooth sensitivity"
],
"offsets": [
[
887,
904
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83745",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"32 subjects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
205,
218
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83746 | 8035029 | [
{
"id": "83747",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Paromomycin for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS : a prospective , double-blind trial . To test the effects of paromomycin , 10 patients with AIDS and cryptosporidiosis were randomized to paromomycin or placebo in a double-blind trial . After 14 days , patients were switched to the other treatment for 14 additional days . Measures included the number and character of each stool and weekly 24-h stool specimens for weight and oocyst excretion . During the paromomycin treatment phase , oocyst excretion decreased from 314 x 10 ( 6 ) to 109 x 10 ( 6 ) 24 h ( P < .02 ) . Oocyst excretion increased for the 4 patients initially on placebo compared to a median decrease of 128 x 10 ( 6 ) /24 h for the 6 initially treated with drug ( P < .02 ) . Stool frequency also decreased more in those treated with drug ( 3.6 fewer vs. 1.25 fewer/24 h , P < .05 ) . Trends favored drug over placebo for stool weight , stool character , and Karnofsky score . Paromomycin treatment resulted in improvement in both clinical and parasitologic parameters in cryptosporidiosis in AIDS ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1061
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83748",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Paromomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83749",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paromomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83750",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paromomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83751",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83752",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"paromomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
104,
115
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83753",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83754",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
719,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83755",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
196,
203
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83756",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Paromomycin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83757",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number and character of each stool"
],
"offsets": [
[
339,
373
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83758",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stool specimens for weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83759",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oocyst excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83760",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oocyst excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
437
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83761",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Oocyst excretion"
],
"offsets": [
[
565,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83762",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Stool frequency"
],
"offsets": [
[
738,
753
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83763",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stool weight , stool character"
],
"offsets": [
[
884,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83764",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Karnofsky score"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
936
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83765",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS :"
],
"offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83766 | 8045623 | [
{
"id": "83767",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"The biological factors in the etiopathogenesis and management of cervical spondylosis . Two hundred cases of cervical spondylosis were studied for 1 to 4 average ( 2 1/2 ) years . No co-relation could be established between the clinical features and the radiological findings in these cases . It was found that parasites play an important role in the multifactorial etiology of this condition and their eradication by deworming drugs gives better results than the traditional therapies . Many new hypotheses are proposed to explain the same ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
542
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83768",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"deworming drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
418,
433
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83769",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"parasites play an important role in the multifactorial etiology of this condition and their eradication by deworming drugs gives better results than the traditional therapies"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83770",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cervical spondylosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83771",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Two hundred"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
99
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83772",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cervical spondylosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
85
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83773 | 8047747 | [
{
"id": "83774",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Surrogate and auxiliary endpoints in clinical trials , with potential applications in cancer and AIDS research . Surrogate endpoints have been defined by Prentice as response variables that can substitute for a 'true ' endpoint for the purpose of comparing specific interventions or treatments in a clinical trial . The applicability of this definition , and of related surrogate endpoint criteria , is discussed , with emphasis on cancer and AIDS research settings . Auxiliary endpoints are defined as response variables , or covariates , that can strengthen true endpoint analyses . Specifically , such response variables provide some additional information on true endpoint occurrence times for study subjects having censored values for such times . Auxiliary variables will very frequently be available , and they may be able to be used without making additional strong assumptions . Approaches to the use of auxiliary variables using ideas based on augmented score and augmented likelihood methods are described ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1018
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83775",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Surrogate"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83776",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"auxiliary endpoints"
],
"offsets": [
[
14,
33
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83777",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Surrogate endpoints"
],
"offsets": [
[
113,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83778",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Auxiliary endpoints"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83779",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Auxiliary variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83780",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"auxiliary variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
913,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83781",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83782",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
86,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83783",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"AIDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
97,
101
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83784 | 8053586 | [
{
"id": "83785",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Deliberate mild intraoperative hypothermia for craniotomy . BACKGROUND Despite enthusiasm for the use of mild hypothermia during neurosurgical procedures , this therapy has not been evaluated systematically . This study examined the feasibility and safety of deliberate mild hypothermia and rewarming . METHODS Thirty patients scheduled for craniotomy were assigned to either a normothermic or mildly hypothermic group . Tympanic membrane temperature was monitored at anesthetic induction , throughout the isoflurane-fentanyl-N2O-O2 anesthetic , and for 18 h postoperatively . Normothermic patients were warmed to 36.5-37.0 degrees C after an initial temperature decrease , and hypothermic patients were cooled to 35 degrees C. In the hypothermic group temperatures were allowed to drift to 34.5 degrees C before rewarming was initiated . Water blankets and convective heating devices were used to cool and rewarm . RESULTS The minimum temperature achieved by the hypothermic group was 34.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C. Cooling occurred at a rate of 1.0 +/- 0.4 degrees C/h . Rewarming took place at a rate of 0.7 +/- 0.6 degrees C/h ( range 0.1-1.8 ) in the hypothermic group . Hypothermia did not delay emergence from anesthesia ( 20 +/- 15 min ) compared with normothermia ( 15 +/- 15 min , P = .45 ) . Mean temperature upon intensive care unit admission was 35.8 +/- 1.0 degrees C for the hypothermic group and 37.1 +/- 0.5 degrees C for the normothermic group ( P < 0.0001 ) . The hypothermic patients had more postoperative shivering . From 8 to 18 h postoperatively the temperatures of the two groups were similar except for a slightly greater temperature in the hypothermic patients at 12 h ( 37.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 37.3 +/- 0.4 degrees C , P = .029 ) . CONCLUSIONS Although deliberate mild hypothermia is easily achieved intraoperatively , complete rewarming may be difficult to attain during craniotomy with current methods . In addition to the need for determining whether deliberate mild hypothermia confers cerebral protection in humans , the potential risks of the therapy need to be further characterized ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2105
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83786",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"mild intraoperative hypothermia"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83787",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"mild hypothermia"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
121
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83788",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"normothermic or mildly hypothermic"
],
"offsets": [
[
378,
412
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83789",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isoflurane-fentanyl-N2O-O2 anesthetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
506,
543
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83790",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Hypothermia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83791",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"minimum temperature"
],
"offsets": [
[
928,
947
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83792",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cooling"
],
"offsets": [
[
1010,
1017
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83793",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Rewarming"
],
"offsets": [
[
1066,
1075
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83794",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Hypothermia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1169,
1180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83795",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1210,
1220
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83796",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Mean temperature upon intensive care unit admission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1296,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83797",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative shivering ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1506,
1531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83798",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"temperatures"
],
"offsets": [
[
753,
765
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83799",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"temperature"
],
"offsets": [
[
439,
450
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83800 | 8056005 | [
{
"id": "83801",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evolution of coronary stenoses is related to baseline severity -- a prospective quantitative angiographic analysis in patients with moderate coronary disease . INTACT Investigators . International Nifedipine Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy . A correlation of the angiographic evolution of coronary stenoses ( stenosis diameter > or = 20 % ) with morphological stenosis parameters at baseline could help to identify the risk of progressive stenoses . Therefore , the data of the prospective INTACT study ( International Nifedipine Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy ) were reviewed . In 348 patients with moderate coronary artery disease , standardized coronary angiograms were taken 3 years apart and were quantitatively analysed . Changes in the minimal diameter of the 1063 preexisting coronary stenoses compared between both angiograms were set in relation to a number of conventional stenosis parameters at baseline . Regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation of the changes in minimal diameter with baseline % diameter stenosis ( r = 0.30 ; P < 0.001 ) , minimal diameter ( r = -0.28 ; P < 0.001 ) and reference diameter of stenoses ( r = -0.14 ; P < 0.001 ) . The changes were not correlated with stenosis length and plaque area . The baseline parameters of 22 preexisting stenoses progressing to occlusions differed from those remaining patent only with regard to the % diameter stenosis ( 43 +/- 9 % vs 39 +/- 11 % ; P < 0.05 ) . Additional progression of coronary disease became manifest through development of 228 stenoses and 19 occlusions at arterial sites free from definitive stenoses in the baseline angiograms . Thus , progression of atherosclerosis predominantly occurred in mild preexisting coronary stenoses and developed at previously angiographically normal sites . Since the conventional angiographic parameters analysed in this study failed to identify individual arterial sites with an increased risk for progression , definition of new angiographic parameters or application of new techniques seem mandatory to this end ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2070
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83802",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"standardized coronary angiograms"
],
"offsets": [
[
646,
678
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83803",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"identify the risk of progressive stenoses ."
],
"offsets": [
[
411,
454
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83804",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"minimal diameter"
],
"offsets": [
[
754,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83805",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of conventional stenosis parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
872,
914
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83806",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"correlation"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83807",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes in minimal diameter"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1022
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83808",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"baseline % diameter stenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1028,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83809",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"minimal diameter"
],
"offsets": [
[
754,
770
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83810",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reference diameter of stenoses"
],
"offsets": [
[
1131,
1161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83811",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"changes were not correlated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1194,
1221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83812",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stenosis length and plaque area ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1227,
1260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83813",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"progressing to occlusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83814",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"remaining patent"
],
"offsets": [
[
1358,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83815",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"% diameter stenosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
1037,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83816",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"progression of coronary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
1473,
1504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83817",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"stenoses"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83818",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"occlusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
1327,
1337
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83819",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"progression of atherosclerosis predominantly occurred"
],
"offsets": [
[
1659,
1712
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83820",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate coronary disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83821",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"348"
],
"offsets": [
[
593,
596
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83822",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"moderate coronary artery disease ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
645
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83823 | 8060436 | [
{
"id": "83824",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A comparison of albuterol solution nebulized versus albuterol powder given by breath activated metered dose inhaler . The goal of the present study was to compare the efficacy of nebulized vs powdered albuterol in patients with exacerbated bronchial asthma who required hospitalization . From January to May 1990 known asthmatics admitted with acute exacerbation were included by established criteria . Two groups were randomized . Group I for Albuterol powder 200 micrograms inhaled q 4 hours . Group II with Albuterol nebulized solution 2.5 mg inhaled q 4 hrs . Force Vital Capacity and Force Expiratory Volume in one second were measured with a pressure differential transducer upon admission , 30 minutes and 24-hours following therapies . Absolute FEV1 improvement was calculated . Statistical analysis was performed using student 's T-Test and Fisher 's exact Test with significance established at p > 0.01 % . Fifteen patients enrolled in both groups , two patients of group I were excluded from the statistic analysis due to refusal to continue with the therapy . Both groups were comparable with respect to sex , asthma exacerbations/year , smoking history and hospital length of stay . FVC and FEV1 were comparable also . In contrast , there were significant difference when the absolute improvement were compared . The mean +/- SE for FEV1 absolute improvement at the first 30 min was 0.42 +/- 0.08 lts for the Group I versus 0.65 +/- 0.6 lts in the Group II . In the next 24 hours , Group I was 0.16 +/- 0.2 lts versus 0.30 +/- 0.7 lts in Group II ( p > .01 ) . We conclude that although the dose equivalence of both delivery systems have not been established in our study , the nebulized solution was more effective during the first 24 hours of hospitalization than the dry powder ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1795
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83825",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albuterol solution nebulized"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83826",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"albuterol powder"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
68
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83827",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nebulized"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83828",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"powdered albuterol"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
210
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83829",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Albuterol powder"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
460
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83830",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Albuterol nebulized solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
510,
538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83831",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nebulized solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
520,
538
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83832",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"dry powder"
],
"offsets": [
[
1783,
1793
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83833",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Force Vital Capacity and Force Expiratory Volume"
],
"offsets": [
[
564,
612
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83834",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Absolute FEV1 improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
769
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83835",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"FVC and FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1196,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83836",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean +/- SE for FEV1"
],
"offsets": [
[
1330,
1350
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83837",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"exacerbated bronchial asthma who required hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
285
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83838",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"From January to May 1990"
],
"offsets": [
[
288,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83839",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute exacerbation"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
362
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83840",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Fifteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
917,
924
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83841 | 8063348 | [
{
"id": "83842",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effects of short-term isotonic & isometric training on cardiovascular & pulmonary function . A randomised control trial of short-term exercises on specific cardiovascular and respiratory parameters was undertaken in normal male college students . The effects of isotonic training ( 5BX programme ) and isometric training ( a programme of isometric exercises working all major groups of muscles ) were compared with a control group with no specific workout . Both isotonic and isometric training resulted in significant cardiovascular improvement but seemed inadequate to improve vital capacity and flow rates . Isotonic training in addition , improved ventilatory efficiency . It is concluded that such isotonic or isometric training of thrice a week for ten weeks , requiring no equipment , less time and space can be promoted to improve physical fitness ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
857
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83843",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"isotonic & isometric training"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83844",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"short-term exercises"
],
"offsets": [
[
123,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83845",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"isotonic training ( 5BX programme )"
],
"offsets": [
[
262,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83846",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"isometric training"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83847",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"( a programme of isometric exercises working all major groups of muscles )"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
395
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83848",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
106,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83849",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"isotonic"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
30
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83850",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"isometric training"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
51
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83851",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Isotonic training"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
628
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83852",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"cardiovascular & pulmonary function ."
],
"offsets": [
[
55,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83853",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"significant cardiovascular improvement"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83854",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"vital capacity and flow rates ."
],
"offsets": [
[
579,
610
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83855",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ventilatory efficiency"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
674
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83856",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"."
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
92
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83857",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"physical fitness ."
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
857
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83858 | 8063943 | [
{
"id": "83859",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Intracapillary glomerular metastases in a nephrectomy specimen removed for ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma . A case of intraglomerular metastases observed in a nephrectomy specimen removed for primary renal cell carcinoma is reported . The intraglomerular metastases arose by dissemination of malignant cells into the systemic circulation via invasion of the renal veins . Intraglomerular metastases are therefore an indicator of malignant dissemination which in turn should be associated with a poor prognosis . It is recommended that in nephrectomies undertaken for primary renal cell carcinoma at least one random block of renal cortex should be examined to confirm or exclude intraglomerular metastases ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
709
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83860",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Intracapillary glomerular metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83861",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intraglomerular metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83862",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intraglomerular metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
146
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83863",
"type": "Intervention_Other",
"text": [
"examined"
],
"offsets": [
[
650,
658
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83864",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Intracapillary glomerular metastases"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83865",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"nephrectomy"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83866",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83867",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary renal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83868",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"primary renal cell carcinoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
194,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83869 | 8069156 | [
{
"id": "83870",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Bronchodilator treatment in asthma and bronchitis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
51
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83871",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Bronchodilator treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
24
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83872",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"asthma and bronchitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83873 | 8077143 | [
{
"id": "83874",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Milk production in cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis treated with isotonic or hypertonic sodium chloride solution . Milk production was monitored in 16 cows for 6 milkings after intramammary infusion of 1 mg of endotoxin in a single forequarter . The cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups ; 8 cows were treated with isotonic saline solution and 8 cows were treated with hypertonic saline solution . Saline solutions were administered IV ( 5 ml/kg of body weight ) 4 hours after infusion of endotoxin . Mean cumulative change in milk yield and interval change in milk yield were greater in cows treated with isotonic saline solution than in cows treated with hypertonic saline solution . Significant differences between treatment groups were not detected ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
775
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83875",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"endotoxin-induced mastitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83876",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isotonic or hypertonic sodium chloride solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
69,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83877",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"endotoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83878",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isotonic saline solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
336,
360
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83879",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hypertonic saline solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83880",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
419,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83881",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"endotoxin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83882",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
108,
116
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83883",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hypertonic saline solution"
],
"offsets": [
[
390,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83884",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Milk production"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83885",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Milk production"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
15
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83886",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean cumulative change in milk yield and interval change in milk yield"
],
"offsets": [
[
522,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83887",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"endotoxin-induced mastitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83888",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
152,
154
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83889",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83890",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
312
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83891",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"cows"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83892 | 8090084 | [
{
"id": "83893",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Intestinal absorption of dietary fat in patients with multiple sclerosis . Fat absorption was studied in 24 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis and in 36 healthy control subjects . Beta-carotene and vitamin A in their plasma were also measured . This double-blind and randomized study showed no differences between these two populations with regard to the three parameters . We did not find evidence for fat malabsorption in multiple sclerosis ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
462
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83894",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Fat absorption"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83895",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83896",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Fat absorption"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83897",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Beta-carotene and vitamin A in their plasma"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83898",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"multiple sclerosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83899",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"24"
],
"offsets": [
[
105,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83900",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"multiple sclerosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83901",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36"
],
"offsets": [
[
168,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83902",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy control"
],
"offsets": [
[
171,
186
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83903 | 8091822 | [
{
"id": "83904",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ The anti-ischemic effect of phosphodiesterase III inhibitors ] . When enoximone is acutely administered to patients with stable angina and angiographically proven relevant coronary stenosis i.v . application of 0.75 mg/kg exhibits pronounced antiischemic effects . This could be observed in patients during exercise and in those in whom the ischemia was provoked by rapid cardiac stimulation . The antiischemic effects were documented by relief of symptoms , reduction of ST-depression , improvement of impaired myocardial wall motion , decrease to normalization of pathologically elevated filling pressure , amelioration of coronary blood flow as evidenced by myocard scintigraphy and washout time of an intracoronarily injected echo-contrast medium . There was also a definite improvement of ischemia-caused mitral regurgitation . Similar observations were found when the drug was injected in the diseased coronary arteries in a small dose ( 0.075 mg/kg ) so that peripheral effects were not present . In comparison to the Ca ( ++ ) -blocker Gallopamil the antiischemic effects of Enoximone were more pronounced , a synergistic action was , however , observed . Negative dromotropic effects of Gallopamil could be abolished by Enoximone . With oral administration of the drug over a period of one week antiischemic effects could also be documented with Holter monitoring as well as during exercise . There was a reduction of ST-depression both at spontaneously occurring ischemic episodes and during exercise , in the number and duration of episodes of silent ischemia , particularly , however , a decrease in symptomatic episodes . In none of the patients under study proarrhythmic effects were observed ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1710
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83905",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enoximone"
],
"offsets": [
[
72,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83906",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gallopamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83907",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Enoximone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1085,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83908",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gallopamil"
],
"offsets": [
[
1046,
1056
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83909",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Enoximone"
],
"offsets": [
[
1085,
1094
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83910",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anti-ischemic effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
6,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83911",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiischemic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83912",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
343,
351
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83913",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiischemic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83914",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"relief of symptoms"
],
"offsets": [
[
440,
458
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83915",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ST-depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83916",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"myocardial wall motion"
],
"offsets": [
[
514,
536
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83917",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pathologically elevated filling pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
568,
608
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83918",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"amelioration of coronary blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83919",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischemia-caused mitral regurgitation"
],
"offsets": [
[
796,
832
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83920",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peripheral effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
968,
986
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83921",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiischemic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83922",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"synergistic action"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83923",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Negative dromotropic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1166,
1194
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83924",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"antiischemic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
244,
264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83925",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Holter monitoring"
],
"offsets": [
[
1357,
1374
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83926",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ST-depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
474,
487
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83927",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number and duration of episodes of silent ischemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1522,
1572
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83928",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"symptomatic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1614,
1634
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83929",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"proarrhythmic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1673,
1694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83930",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with stable angina and angiographically proven relevant coronary stenosis i.v . application of 0.75 mg/kg"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
223
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83931 | 8094114 | [
{
"id": "83932",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Once versus thrice daily gentamicin in patients with serious infections . Aminoglycosides are usually given in two or three divided doses . A once-daily regimen might be more effective and less toxic . We have conducted a randomised trial in consecutive patients with serious infections for whom an aminoglycoside seemed warranted . Exclusion criteria were neutropenia or severely impaired renal function . 123 patients were enrolled . For efficacy analysis only those patients were considered in whom treatment with the aminoglycoside was not stopped within 72 h ( n = 67 ) ; toxicity was analysed on patients receiving aminoglycosides for more than 48 h and not using other nephrotoxic medication ( n = 85 ) . Gentamicin 4 mg/kg every day ( OD ) or gentamicin 1.33 mg/kg three times daily ( MD ) ( with dose-reduction in case of renal dysfunction ) were given intravenously . In almost all patients intravenous amoxycillin 1 g every 6 h was also started . Baseline characteristics were comparable in both arms . A good clinical response was observed in 32/35 ( 91 % ) of the OD and in 25/32 ( 78 % ) in the MD group ( difference 13 % , 95 % confidence interval -6.4 % to +26.9 % ) . 2 patients in each group died with uncontrolled infection . An insufficient bacteriological response ( persistent positive cultures , resistance , or superinfection ) was observed in 2 patients with OD and 3 patients with MD . In patients treated for more than 48 h duration of therapy and mean doses were 7.0 days ( 1590 mg ) and 7.4 days ( 1672 mg ) in OD and MD respectively . Mean first serum trough/peak levels were 0.6/10.2 mg/L and 1.4/5.2 mg/L . Nephrotoxicity ( a rise in serum creatinine of 45 mumol/L or more ) developed in 2/40 ( 5 % ) in OD and 11/45 ( 24 % ) in MD ( p = 0.016 ) . Risk factors for nephrotoxicity were duration of therapy and baseline creatinine clearance rate . High-tone audiometry was performed when possible ; no significant differences were found in hearing loss ( 3/12 and 3/11 ) or prodromal signs of ototoxicity ( 5/12 and 4/11 ) . A once-daily dosing regimen of gentamicin is at least as effective as and is less nephrotoxic than more frequent dosing ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2176
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83933",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"daily gentamicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83934",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminoglycoside"
],
"offsets": [
[
299,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83935",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aminoglycosides"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
636
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83936",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Gentamicin 4 mg/kg every day ( OD ) or gentamicin 1.33 mg/kg three times daily ( MD ) ( with dose-reduction in case of renal dysfunction"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
848
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83937",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous amoxycillin 1 g every 6 h"
],
"offsets": [
[
901,
938
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83938",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"OD"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83939",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MD"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83940",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"OD"
],
"offsets": [
[
743,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83941",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"MD"
],
"offsets": [
[
793,
795
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83942",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"once-daily dosing regimen of gentamicin"
],
"offsets": [
[
2057,
2096
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83943",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"persistent positive cultures , resistance , or superinfection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1288,
1349
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83944",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Mean first serum trough/peak levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
1565,
1600
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83945",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Nephrotoxicity ( a rise in serum creatinine of 45 mumol/L or more )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1639,
1706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83946",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"nephrotoxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
1797,
1811
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83947",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"creatinine clearance rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1850,
1875
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83948",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"High-tone audiometry"
],
"offsets": [
[
1878,
1898
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83949",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hearing loss"
],
"offsets": [
[
1970,
1982
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83950",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"prodromal signs of ototoxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
2004,
2034
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83951",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83952",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
71
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83953",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"neutropenia"
],
"offsets": [
[
357,
368
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83954",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"impaired renal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
404
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83955",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"123"
],
"offsets": [
[
407,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83956 | 8097925 | [
{
"id": "83957",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Modest antihypertensive effect of epanolol , a beta 1-selective receptor blocker with beta 1 agonist activity : an acute and long-term hemodynamic study at rest and during exercise and double crossover comparison with atenolol on ambulatory blood pressure . Beta-blockers with less cardiodepressive effect than traditional nonselective beta ( 1+2 ) -blocking agents could be useful in the treatment of hypertension , provided the reduction in blood pressure was satisfactory . Epanolol , a selective beta 1-receptor blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity , induced a fall in intraarterial pressure of 8 % at rest sitting and 11 % during 100 W bicycle exercise after the first dose of 200 mg in 12 patients with essential hypertension . Heart rate , stroke index , and cardiac index initially fell by 14 % , 11 % , and 23 % , respectively . The total peripheral resistance index increased by 21 % after 2 hours , and then reverted towards the pretreatment level . After 10 months of epanolol treatment ( mean 300 mg/day ) , the reduction in arterial pressure was 5 % at rest and 10 % during exercise . Cardiac index and heart rate were still reduced 14-21 % , while total peripheral resistance was unchanged or slightly increased ( 2-10 % ) . Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure was higher on epanolol ( 300 mg/day ) than on atenolol ( 150 mg/day ) treatment ( 137/97 vs. 128/91 mmHg ) . Thus , the achieved blood pressure reduction induced by epanolol was moderate , while other characteristics of beta-receptor blockade , in particular , the reduction of heart rate and cardiac output , were maintained . This suggests that the compound may be useful for other cardiovascular disorders , e.g. , angina pectoris in patients without hypertension or cardiac arrhythmia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1784
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83958",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"epanolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83959",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Epanolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
477,
485
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83960",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"epanolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83961",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"epanolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83962",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atenolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
218,
226
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83963",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"epanolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
42
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83964",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intraarterial pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83965",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate , stroke index , and cardiac index"
],
"offsets": [
[
745,
790
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83966",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total peripheral resistance index"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
886
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83967",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
606
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83968",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cardiac index and heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1110,
1138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83969",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"total peripheral resistance"
],
"offsets": [
[
853,
880
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83970",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1251,
1293
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83971",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
241,
255
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83972",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate and cardiac output"
],
"offsets": [
[
1572,
1601
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83973",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"12 patients with essential hypertension ."
],
"offsets": [
[
703,
744
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83974",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiovascular disorders"
],
"offsets": [
[
1678,
1702
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83975",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
402,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83976",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cardiac arrhythmia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1764,
1782
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
83977 | 8098276 | [
{
"id": "83978",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Short-term effects of denopamine on anaerobic threshold and related parameters in patients with chronic heart failure : a double-blind crossover study . BACKGROUND The short-term effects of denopamine , an orally available beta-stimulant , on exercise capacity were studied in patients with chronic heart failure . METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen patients entered the study . Three patients had ischemic heart disease , 13 had dilated cardiomyopathy , and three had valvular disease ; 16 patients were in New York Heart Association class II , and three patients were in New York Heart Association class III . Symptom-limited exercise testing ( ramp protocol ) on a bicycle ergometer with gas exchange analysis was conducted 1 hour after oral administration of either 20 mg denopamine or placebo . Drug administration sequence was randomly assigned in a double-blind crossover method , with 1 week between drugs . Peak VO2 was 20.4 +/- 3.2 and 21.2 +/- 3.1 ml/min/kg , respectively , for those administered the placebo and the drug , and anaerobic threshold was 13.1 +/- 2.1 and 14.0 +/- 2.0 ml/min/kg . There was a significant increase in peak VO2 ( p < 0.05 ) and anaerobic threshold ( p < 0.01 ) with denopamine , whereas no significant change was observed in peak work rate or exercise time . Denopamine increased heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation but had little effect on heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm . CONCLUSION Data obtained from gas exchange analysis are more sensitive and potentially more useful in the detection of short-term changes in exercise capacity than data obtained from either exercise time or peak work rate , indexes that are commonly used to assess drug therapy . Patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure with sinus rhythm , but not those with atrial fibrillation because of its frequent induction of tachycardia , may be good candidates for denopamine therapy ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1912
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "83979",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"denopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83980",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"denopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83981",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"ergometer"
],
"offsets": [
[
670,
679
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83982",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"20 mg denopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
764,
780
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83983",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83984",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
784,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83985",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"denopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83986",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Denopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1293,
1303
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83987",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"denopamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83988",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anaerobic threshold and related parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
78
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83989",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Peak VO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
910,
918
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83990",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anaerobic threshold"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83991",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"peak work rate or exercise time ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1259,
1292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83992",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1314,
1324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83993",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1314,
1324
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83994",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise capacity"
],
"offsets": [
[
243,
260
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83995",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"chronic heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83996",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Nineteen"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
343
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83997",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Three"
],
"offsets": [
[
373,
378
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83998",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ischemic heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "83999",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"dilated cardiomyopathy"
],
"offsets": [
[
424,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84000",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"valvular disease ;"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84001",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1342,
1361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84002",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1415,
1427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84003",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mild-to-moderate heart failure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1724,
1754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84004",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sinus rhythm"
],
"offsets": [
[
1415,
1427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84005",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"atrial fibrillation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1342,
1361
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84006",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tachycardia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1851,
1862
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84007 | 8101194 | [
{
"id": "84008",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Comparison of the effects of terazosin and enalapril on laboratory stress testing blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension . It is the current opinion that an ideal antihypertensive drug should reduce blood pressure ( BP ) not only at rest but also during stressful situations . The current study was aimed to compare the effects of the selective alpha 1-adrenergic blocker terazosin ( 5 mg once daily ) and of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril ( 20 mg once daily ) on cardiovascular response to a set of standardized laboratory stressors , such as mental arithmetic , handgrip test and cycle ergometry , in a group of 16 essential hypertensive patients . The study was a randomized , double-blind , cross-over trial preceded by a placebo run-in period . Terazosin and enalapril had a comparable effect on resting BP , reducing systolic ( SBP ) and diastolic ( DBP ) blood pressure from 159.5 +/- 13.9/101.6 +/- 8.8 mm Hg during placebo by 7.8 % /6.7 % and by 11.3 % /10.2 % , respectively . The \" response \" rate to the two treatments was approximately the same , being 69 % and 75 % after terazosin and enalapril , respectively . During mental arithmetic , from an average of 181.6 +/- 17.8/118.6 +/- 11.5 mm Hg during placebo , BP was reduced by 11.5 % /7.9 % after terazosin and by 13.6 % /8.5 % after enalapril ; during handgrip test , BP decreased from 207.2 +/- 22.2/142.2 +/- 13.6 mm Hg by 7.3 % /8.4 % after terazosin and by 7.7 % /7.1 % after enalapril ; finally , during cycle ergometry , terazosin and enalapril lowered BP by 5.4 % /6.7 % and 7 % /3.1 % , respectively , from a placebo value of 215.5 +/- 17.3/127.6 +/- 11.2 . No significant difference in antihypertensive efficacy was observed between the two drugs , either at rest and during stress testing . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1843
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84009",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84010",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84011",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antihypertensive drug"
],
"offsets": [
[
179,
200
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84012",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"selective alpha 1-adrenergic blocker terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
397
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84013",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
478
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84014",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84015",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
789,
798
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84016",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84017",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84018",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84019",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84020",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84021",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84022",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"terazosin"
],
"offsets": [
[
29,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84023",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enalapril"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84024",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
772
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84025",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"resting BP , reducing systolic ( SBP ) and diastolic ( DBP ) blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
840,
915
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84026",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"\" response \" rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1030,
1047
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84027",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84028",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84029",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"BP"
],
"offsets": [
[
232,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84030",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"essential hypertension"
],
"offsets": [
[
114,
136
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84031",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
653,
655
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84032 | 8104273 | [
{
"id": "84033",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Citalopram for post-stroke pathological crying . Post-stroke pathological crying is a distressing condition in which episodes occur in response to minor stimuli without associated mood changes . There is preliminary evidence of disturbed serotoninergic neurotransmission in such cases . We investigated the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram on uncontrolled crying in stroke patients in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study . 16 consecutive patients ( median age 58.5 years , range 40-83 ) entered the 9-week study a median of 168 days ( range 6-913 ) post stroke and were treated with citalopram 10-20 mg daily for 3 weeks . Crying history was determined from semistructured interviews and from diaries kept by the patients . Psychiatric assessment was made with the Hamilton depression scale ( HDS ) , and unwanted effects were measured with the UKU side-effect scale . In 13 patients in whom frequency of crying could be assessed , the number of daily crying episodes decreased by at least 50 % in all cases during citalopram treatment vs 2 patients during placebo treatment ( p < 0.005 , McNemar 's test ) , the effect being rapid ( 1-3 days ) and pronounced in 11 ( 73 % ) . There was a concomitant significant decrease in depression rating from HDS 8.9 to 5.3 ( p < 0.005 , Wilcoxon 's test ) . Citalopram was well tolerated , the few side-effects being mild and transient . We conclude that serotoninergic neurotransmission plays an important part in post-stroke pathological crying and that citalopram is an effective and well-tolerated treatment ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1598
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84034",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84035",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84036",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"9-week study a median of 168 days ( range 6-913 ) post stroke and were treated with citalopram 10-20 mg daily for 3 weeks"
],
"offsets": [
[
544,
665
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84037",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"Crying history was determined from semistructured interviews and from diaries kept by the patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84038",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
360,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84039",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram"
],
"offsets": [
[
321,
370
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84040",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"uncontrolled crying"
],
"offsets": [
[
374,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84041",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Crying history"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84042",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Psychiatric assessment"
],
"offsets": [
[
769,
791
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84043",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Hamilton depression scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
835
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84044",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"unwanted effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
866
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84045",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"UKU side-effect scale"
],
"offsets": [
[
890,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84046",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"frequency of crying"
],
"offsets": [
[
937,
956
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84047",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"number of daily crying episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
981,
1012
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84048",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"decrease in depression rating"
],
"offsets": [
[
1258,
1287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84049",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84050",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84051",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"58.5 years , range 40-83"
],
"offsets": [
[
505,
529
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84052",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Crying history"
],
"offsets": [
[
668,
682
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84053",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"13"
],
"offsets": [
[
589,
591
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84054",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"crying"
],
"offsets": [
[
40,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84055 | 8106772 | [
{
"id": "84056",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Primary prophylaxis with pyrimethamine for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease : results of a randomized trial . Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS . Pyrimethamine , 25 mg thrice weekly , was evaluated as primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmic encephalitis ( TE ) in a double-blind , randomized clinical trial in patients with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) disease , absolute CD4 lymphocyte count of < 200/microL ( or prior AIDS-defining opportunistic infection ) , and the presence of serum IgG to Toxoplasma gondii . Leucovorin was coadministered only for hematologic toxicity . There was a significantly higher death rate among patients receiving pyrimethamine ( relative risk [ RR ] , 2.5 ; 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 1.3-4.8 ; P = .006 ) , even after adjusting for factors predictive of survival . The TE event rate was low in both treatment groups ( not significant ) . Only 1 of 218 patients taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but 7 of 117 taking aerosolized pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed TE ( adjusted RR for the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group , 0.16 ; 95 % CI , 0.01-1.79 ; P = .14 ) . Thus , for HIV-infected patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , additional prophylaxis for TE appears unnecessary ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1364
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84057",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pyrimethamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84058",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Pyrimethamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
228,
241
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84059",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Leucovorin"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
611
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84060",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"pyrimethamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
38
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84061",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84062",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"aerosolized pentamidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1045,
1068
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84063",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84064",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
995,
1024
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84065",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
696,
706
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84066",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"TE event rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
896,
909
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84067",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease :"
],
"offsets": [
[
71,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84068 | 8115195 | [
{
"id": "84069",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Pain relief can reduce hypoxemia in distressed neonates during routine treatment procedures . OBJECTIVE To determine whether the use of opioids could reduce the hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability associated with routine intensive care procedures in neonates with respiratory distress . DESIGN Randomized and placebo-controlled study . METHODS Physiological , plasma beta-endorphin , cortisol , and glucose responses to routine treatment procedures were studied in 84 mechanically ventilated distressed neonates randomized into groups receiving 1 mg/kg meperidine or 0.9 % saline 15 minutes before tracheal suction or routine nursing care . RESULTS The duration of hypoxemia ( transcutaneous partial pressure of O2 < 6.6 kPa ( < 50 mm Hg ) and/or arterial blood oxygen saturation < 80 % ) during treatment procedures was significantly longer in the saline group ( mean 82 vs 36 seconds , P = .001 ) and distress quantified by a novel behavioral scoring method was much higher . Changes in arterial blood pressure , heart rate , or plasma beta-endorphin , cortisol , and glucose concentration did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups . CONCLUSION Newborns with respiratory difficulties often suffer from hypoxemia during essential treatment procedures . The use of opioid analgesia may reduce the duration of hypoxemia and the associated distress and , therefore , may improve the long-term results of neonatal intensive care ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1461
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84070",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
143
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84071",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo-controlled"
],
"offsets": [
[
311,
329
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84072",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1 mg/kg meperidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
547,
565
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84073",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"0.9 % saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
569,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84074",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"tracheal suction"
],
"offsets": [
[
600,
616
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84075",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"routine nursing care"
],
"offsets": [
[
620,
640
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84076",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"opioid analgesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1299,
1315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84077",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypoxemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84078",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability"
],
"offsets": [
[
161,
198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84079",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of hypoxemia ( transcutaneous partial pressure of O2"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
716
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84080",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial blood oxygen saturation"
],
"offsets": [
[
749,
781
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84081",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"arterial blood pressure , heart rate , or plasma beta-endorphin , cortisol , and glucose concentration"
],
"offsets": [
[
991,
1093
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84082",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"duration of hypoxemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
655,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84083",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"distress"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
44
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84084",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"distressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84085",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"neonates"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84086",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"neonates"
],
"offsets": [
[
47,
55
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84087",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"respiratory distress ."
],
"offsets": [
[
266,
288
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84088",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"84"
],
"offsets": [
[
467,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84089",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mechanically ventilated distressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
504
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84090",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Newborns"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84091",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"respiratory difficulties"
],
"offsets": [
[
1195,
1219
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84092 | 8123267 | [
{
"id": "84093",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Recovery following outpatient anesthesia : use of enflurane versus propofol . STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the intraoperative conditions and postoperative recovery of patients following the use of either propofol-nitrous oxide ( N2O ) or enflurane-N2O for maintenance of outpatient anesthesia . DESIGN Randomized , single-blind study . SETTING University hospital outpatient surgery center . PATIENTS 61 ASA physical status I and II , healthy female outpatients undergoing laparoscopic surgery . INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to one of three anesthetic regimens . Group 1 ( control ) received thiopental sodium 4 mg/kg intravenously ( i.v . ) , followed by 0.5 % to 1.5 % enflurane and 67 % N2O in oxygen ( O2 ) . Group 2 received propofol 2 mg/kg i.v. , followed by 0.5 % to 1.5 % enflurane and 67 % N2O in O2 . Group 3 received propofol 2 mg/kg i.v. , followed by propofol 50 to 160 micrograms/kg/min i.v . and 67 % N2O in O2 . All patients received succinylcholine 1 mg/kg i.v . to facilitate tracheal intubation and atracurium 10 to 20 mg i.v . to provide adequate relaxation during the maintenance period . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Recovery from anesthesia was assessed by a research nurse who was unaware of the anesthetic technique used . The mean +/- SD time to eye opening was significantly longer in the thiopental-enflurane-N2O group ( Group 1 ) than in the propofol-propofol-N2O group ( Group 3 ) ( 6.1 +/- 2.5 minutes vs. 3.5 +/- 2.8 minutes , respectively ) . In addition , the mean time to respond to verbal commands was significantly shorter in the propofol induction groups compared with the thiopental induction group . However , the use of enflurane versus propofol for maintenance of anesthesia did not significantly prolong the time from arrival in the recovery room to sitting , tolerating oral fluids , walking , or being judged \" fit for discharge . \" There were no differences among the three groups with respect to postoperative pain or analgesic requirements . Finally , patients who received enflurane for maintenance of anesthesia had a significantly higher frequency of nausea and vomiting than the propofol maintenance group . CONCLUSION Induction of anesthesia with propofol is associated with a more rapid emergence from anesthesia than induction with thiopental . Maintenance of anesthesia with enflurane did not prolong recovery compared with maintenance with propofol , but enflurane was associated with increased frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2517
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84094",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"outpatient anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84095",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84096",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84097",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol-nitrous oxide ( N2O )"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
232
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84098",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane-N2O"
],
"offsets": [
[
236,
249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84099",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thiopental sodium 4 mg/kg intravenously"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
646
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84100",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"0.5 % to 1.5 % enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
695
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84101",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"67 % N2O in oxygen ( O2"
],
"offsets": [
[
700,
723
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84102",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Group 2 received propofol 2 mg/kg i.v."
],
"offsets": [
[
728,
766
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84103",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"followed by 0.5 % to 1.5 % enflurane and 67 % N2O in O2 . Group 3 received propofol 2 mg/kg i.v."
],
"offsets": [
[
769,
865
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84104",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"followed by propofol 50 to 160 micrograms/kg/min i.v . and 67 % N2O in O2 ."
],
"offsets": [
[
868,
943
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84105",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"succinylcholine"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84106",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atracurium"
],
"offsets": [
[
1034,
1044
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84107",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84108",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thiopental-enflurane-N2O group ( Group 1 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1333,
1375
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84109",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol-propofol-N2O group ( Group 3 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1388,
1427
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84110",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84111",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thiopental"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84112",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84113",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84114",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84115",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84116",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thiopental"
],
"offsets": [
[
607,
617
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84117",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84118",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
67,
75
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84119",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84120",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Recovery from anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1156,
1180
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84121",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean +/- SD time to eye opening"
],
"offsets": [
[
1269,
1300
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84122",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean time to respond to verbal commands"
],
"offsets": [
[
1511,
1550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84123",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"time from arrival in the recovery room to sitting , tolerating oral fluids , walking , or being judged \" fit for discharge . \""
],
"offsets": [
[
1768,
1894
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84124",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"postoperative pain or analgesic requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
1960,
2004
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84125",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"higher frequency of nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
2099,
2138
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84126",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"emergence from anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
2258,
2283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84127",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
153,
161
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84128",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
2469,
2515
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84129",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"outpatient anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84130",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"outpatient anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84131",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"outpatient"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84132",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"61"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84133",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ASA physical status I and II"
],
"offsets": [
[
402,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84134",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
433,
440
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84135",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
441,
447
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84136",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"outpatients"
],
"offsets": [
[
448,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84137",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"laparoscopic surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
471,
491
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84138 | 8123947 | [
{
"id": "84139",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Peripheral intravenous line survival and phlebitis prevention in patients receiving intravenous antibiotics : heparin/hydrocortisone versus in-line filters . OBJECTIVE To compare the use of in-line filtration with the addition of heparin/hydrocortisone ( hep/hc ) to the infusate for both phlebitis prevention and intravenous ( i.v . ) line survival in peripheral i.v . catheters . This study was specific for a patient group receiving prolonged courses of i.v . antibiotics . Analysis of the two endpoints for conventional short i.v . catheters ( short lines ) versus long ( 30 cm ) i.v . catheters ( long lines ) was also performed . METHODS Patients with cystic fibrosis receiving intermittent i.v . antibiotics were randomly allocated to receive their drugs either through an in-line filter using a drug-free infusate or with no filter and an infusate containing heparin 500 units and hydrocortisone 10 mg/L . Infusion sites were assessed daily . RESULTS Both the hep/hc and filter groups were similar in terms of phlebitis incidence and i.v . line survival when analyzed separately for both short and long lines . Long lines displayed markedly prolonged survival times and reduced phlebitis compared with short lines . CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of i.v . filters in excluding the large particle load introduced by i.v . antibiotics and hence in reducing the subsequent phlebitis makes them a useful alternative to the use of hep/hc . The use of filters in this patient group may offer advantages in terms of ease of use and a possible decrease in hep/hc-related problems . Long lines offer practical advantages over short lines for patients requiring longer term i.v . access ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1685
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84140",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84141",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"heparin/hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
110,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84142",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"i.v"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
331
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84143",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"catheters"
],
"offsets": [
[
370,
379
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84144",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"offsets": [
[
96,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84145",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"heparin"
],
"offsets": [
[
110,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84146",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"hydrocortisone"
],
"offsets": [
[
118,
132
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84147",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"intravenous line survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
11,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84148",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"phlebitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84149",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"phlebitis incidence"
],
"offsets": [
[
1018,
1037
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84150",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"line survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
23,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84151",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival times"
],
"offsets": [
[
1159,
1173
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84152",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"phlebitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84153",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hep/hc-related problems"
],
"offsets": [
[
1555,
1578
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84154",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"patients receiving intravenous antibiotics :"
],
"offsets": [
[
65,
109
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84155",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"patient group"
],
"offsets": [
[
412,
425
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84156 | 8126502 | [
{
"id": "84157",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Effect of entacapone , a peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor , on the motor response to acute treatment with levodopa in patients with Parkinson 's disease . Catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT ) inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of Parkinson 's disease by improving the bioavailability of levodopa and by prolonging its effects . Entacapone ( OR-611 ) , a novel COMT inhibitor , which does not cross the blood brain barrier , was assessed in 12 patients with Parkinson 's disease and motor fluctuations in a randomised , double-blind , cross-over , single dose study . The magnitude and duration of the therapeutic response to a single dose of 200 mg levodopa/50 mg carbidopa was evaluated after concomitant placebo , or 200 or 800 mg entacapone . A significant increase in the duration of the motor response to levodopa was seen when 200 mg entacapone was given with levodopa/carbidopa . Plasma levodopa concentrations were increased with both doses of the COMT inhibitor . The latency to onset of motor response did not differ significantly between active drug and placebo . Entacapone may prove useful in prolonging the duration of the benefit obtained from individual doses of levodopa ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1223
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84158",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"entacapone"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84159",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Entacapone ( OR-611 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84160",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"novel COMT inhibitor"
],
"offsets": [
[
388,
408
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84161",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"levodopa/50"
],
"offsets": [
[
683,
694
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84162",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"carbidopa"
],
"offsets": [
[
698,
707
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84163",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
740,
747
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84164",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"entacapone"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
20
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84165",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"motor response to acute treatment with levodopa"
],
"offsets": [
[
93,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84166",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"bioavailability"
],
"offsets": [
[
302,
317
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84167",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"duration of the motor response"
],
"offsets": [
[
810,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84168",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"to levodopa"
],
"offsets": [
[
841,
852
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84169",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Plasma levodopa concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
921,
951
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84170",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"latency to onset of motor response"
],
"offsets": [
[
1011,
1045
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84171",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"prolonging the duration of the benefit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1140,
1178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84172",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Parkinson 's disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84173",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"Parkinson 's disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
158,
178
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84174",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"motor fluctuations"
],
"offsets": [
[
516,
534
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84175 | 8127293 | [
{
"id": "84176",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project 's Breast Cancer Prevention Trial . The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial is the largest breast cancer prevention study ever undertaken . Administered by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project , it is the first trial seeking to demonstrate whether a drug , tamoxifen , can prevent breast cancer in high-risk women . The objectives of this trial are to determine whether tamoxifen is effective in 1 ) reducing the incidence of invasive breast cancer , 2 ) reducing breast cancer mortality , 3 ) reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease , and 4 ) reducing bone fractures . In addition , the study will evaluate side effects , toxicity , and the quality of life of all study participants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
755
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84177",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84178",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84179",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reducing the incidence of invasive breast cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
466,
514
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84180",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"reducing breast cancer mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
521,
553
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84181",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"reducing deaths from cardiovascular disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
560,
603
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84182",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"reducing bone fractures"
],
"offsets": [
[
614,
637
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84183",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"side effects ,"
],
"offsets": [
[
678,
692
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84184",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
701
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84185",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
727
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84186",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"tamoxifen"
],
"offsets": [
[
323,
332
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84187 | 8129324 | [
{
"id": "84188",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Topical anesthesia during infant eye examinations : does it reduce stress ? We studied the effect of topical anesthesia on infant stress and corneal haze during the routine eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity . Using a double-blind protocol , 55 premature infants weighing less than 1501 g at birth were selected randomly to receive normal saline or proparacaine HCl 0.5 % eye drops as a corneal wetting agent at their initial eye examination . Before , during , and after the procedure , infant stress was evaluated by heart rate , respiration rate , blood pressure , and transcutaneous oxygen saturation . Subjective assessment of the infant 's cry intensity and corneal haze also were recorded . Adequate data were collected on 42 patients . Using analysis of variance and chi-square tests , we found no difference in any of these parameters between the two patients groups . These data suggest that topical anesthetic agents offer no advantage over normal saline eye drops during the examination of premature infants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1033
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84189",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Topical anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
18
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84190",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"topical anesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
101,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84191",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"normal saline or proparacaine HCl 0.5 % eye drops"
],
"offsets": [
[
344,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84192",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anesthetic"
],
"offsets": [
[
922,
932
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84193",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate , respiration rate , blood pressure , and transcutaneous oxygen saturation . Subjective assessment of the infant 's cry intensity and corneal haze"
],
"offsets": [
[
531,
688
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84194 | 8131429 | [
{
"id": "84195",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration predicts pneumonia and death but not dehydration following stroke . In order to assess the risk of pneumonia , dehydration , and death associated with videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration following stroke , the clinical records of 26 patients with aspiration and 33 randomly selected , case-matched , dysphagic controls without videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration were reviewed . The videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow technique included 5 ml-thin and thick liquid barium , 5 ml barium pudding , and 1/4 cookie coated with barium , plus additional 20 and 30 ml of thin liquid barium . Patients were assessed a mean of 2 +/- 1 SD months poststroke and were followed for a mean of 16 +/- 8 SD months poststroke . The odds ratio for developing pneumonia was 7.6 times greater for those who aspirated any amount of barium irrespective of its consistency ( p = 0.05 ) . The odds ratio for developing pneumonia was 5.6 times greater for those who aspirated thickened liquids or more solid consistencies compared with those who did not aspirate , or who aspirated thin liquids only ( p = 0.06 ) . Dehydration was unrelated to the presence or absence of aspiration . The odds ratio for death was 9.2 times greater for those aspirating thickened liquids or more solid consistencies compared with those who did not aspirate or who aspirated thin liquids only ( p = 0.01 ) . Aspiration documented by modified videofluoroscopic barium swallow technique is associated with a significant increase in risk of pneumonia and death but not dehydration following stroke ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1609
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84196",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84197",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"videofluoroscopic"
],
"offsets": [
[
192,
209
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84198",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"The videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow technique included 5 ml-thin and thick liquid barium , 5 ml barium pudding , and 1/4 cookie coated with barium , plus additional 20 and 30 ml of thin liquid barium"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
639
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84199",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"modified videofluoroscopic barium swallow technique"
],
"offsets": [
[
1446,
1497
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84200",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pneumonia"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84201",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84202",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
40
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84203",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"odds ratio"
],
"offsets": [
[
772,
782
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84204",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"developing pneumonia"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
807
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84205",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pneumonia"
],
"offsets": [
[
50,
59
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84206",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Dehydration"
],
"offsets": [
[
1147,
1158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84207",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"death"
],
"offsets": [
[
64,
69
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84208",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of pneumonia"
],
"offsets": [
[
132,
149
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84209",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84210",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"26 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
276,
287
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84211",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"33"
],
"offsets": [
[
308,
310
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84212",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"dysphagic controls without videofluoroscopic evidence of aspiration"
],
"offsets": [
[
346,
413
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84213",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"poststroke"
],
"offsets": [
[
693,
703
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84214",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"poststroke ."
],
"offsets": [
[
755,
767
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84215 | 8132701 | [
{
"id": "84216",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Treatment with coumarin to prevent or delay recurrence of malignant melanoma . Both coumarin ( 1,2-benzopyrone ) and warfarin ( 4-hydroxycoumarin ) have been shown to prevent the recurrence of malignant melanoma . Their action is macrophage-dependent and the dosage is critical . In 1984 a multicentre , prospective , randomised , double-blind trial of coumarin , given as a daily 50-mg dose for 2 years after surgery in patients with high-risk melanoma , was started . the patients had lesions greater than 1.70 mm thick and TNM stage IB or stage II disease . To date there are 4 recurrences in the coumarin-treated group of 13 patients , and 10 recurrences in the placebo-treated group of 14 patients ( P < 0.01 ) . There were no toxic effects ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
747
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84217",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84218",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84219",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"warfarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
117,
125
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84220",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"coumarin"
],
"offsets": [
[
15,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84221",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrences"
],
"offsets": [
[
581,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84222",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"recurrences"
],
"offsets": [
[
581,
592
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84223",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"toxic effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
732,
745
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84224",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"malignant melanoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84225",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"high-risk melanoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
435,
453
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84226",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"lesions greater than 1.70 mm thick and TNM stage IB or stage II disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
487,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84227 | 8133853 | [
{
"id": "84228",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"A controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin to reduce nosocomial infections in very-low-birth-weight infants . National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network . BACKGROUND Nosocomial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants . As a rule , their low serum gamma globulin levels at birth subsequently decline to hypogammaglobulinemic values ; hence , prophylactic administration of intravenous immune globulin may reduce the rate of hospital-acquired infections . METHODS In this prospective , multicenter , two-phase controlled trial , 2416 infants were stratified according to birth weight ( 501 to 1000 g and 1001 to 1500 g ) and randomly assigned to an intravenous immune globulin group ( n = 1204 ) or a control group ( n = 1212 ) . Control infants were given placebo infusions during phase 1 of the study ( n = 623 ) but were not given any infusions during phase 2 ( n = 589 ) . Infants weighing 501 to 1000 g at birth were given 900 mg of immune globulin per kilogram of body weight , and infants weighing 1001 to 1500 g at birth were given a dose of 700 mg per kilogram . The immune globulin infusions were repeated every 14 days until the infants weighed 1800 g , were transferred to another center , died , or were sent home from the hospital . RESULTS Nosocomial infections of the blood , meninges , or urinary tract occurred in 439 of the 2416 infants ( 18.2 percent ) : 208 ( 17.3 percent ) in the immune globulin group and 231 ( 19.1 percent ) in the control group ( relative risk , 0.91 ; 95 percent confidence interval , 0.77 to 1.08 ) . Septicemia occurred in 15.5 percent of the immune globulin recipients and 17.2 percent of the controls . During phase 1 the rate of nosocomial infections was 13.4 percent in the immune globulin group and 17.8 percent in the control group ; the respective rates during phase 2 were 21.0 percent and 20.4 percent . The predominant organisms included gram-positive cocci ( 53.0 percent ) , gram-negative bacilli ( 22.4 percent ) , and candida species ( 16.0 percent ) . Adverse reactions were rarely observed during the infusions . Immune globulin therapy had no effect on respiratory distress syndrome , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , intracranial hemorrhage , the duration of hospitalization , or mortality . The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was 12.0 percent in the immune globulin group and 9.5 percent in the control group . CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic use of intravenous immune globulin failed to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired infections in very-low-birth-weight infants ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2619
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84229",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"immune globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84230",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"immune globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84231",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"intravenous immune globulin group"
],
"offsets": [
[
731,
764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84232",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"control group"
],
"offsets": [
[
783,
796
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84233",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"immune globulin"
],
"offsets": [
[
34,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84234",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nosocomial infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84235",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Nosocomial infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
213,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84236",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Nosocomial infections of the blood , meninges , or urinary tract"
],
"offsets": [
[
1337,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84237",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Septicemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
1628,
1638
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84238",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"nosocomial infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84239",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"Adverse reactions"
],
"offsets": [
[
2095,
2112
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84240",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"respiratory distress syndrome , bronchopulmonary dysplasia , intracranial hemorrhage"
],
"offsets": [
[
2198,
2282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84241",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"the duration of hospitalization"
],
"offsets": [
[
2285,
2316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84242",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"mortality"
],
"offsets": [
[
270,
279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84243",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"necrotizing enterocolitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
2351,
2376
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84244",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hospital-acquired infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
507,
535
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84245",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"very-low-birth-weight"
],
"offsets": [
[
85,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84246",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84247",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"premature"
],
"offsets": [
[
283,
292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84248",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84249",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"2416"
],
"offsets": [
[
611,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84250",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84251",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"Infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
966
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84252",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
114
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84253 | 8137583 | [
{
"id": "84254",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Intraperitoneal distribution imaging prior to chromic phosphate ( P-32 ) therapy in ovarian cancer patients . This study addressed the technique of intraperitoneal distribution imaging ( IDI ) . A literature search ( MEDLINE database ) revealed wide variations in IDI techniques without a basis for comparison . From April 1990 to September 1992 , the authors studied 8 patients ( age 43-65 years ) with ovarian cancer . A total of 1000 ml of normal saline and 1 mCi of Tc-99m SC was infused intraperitoneally for IDI . In one patient loculation was observed , but only 250 ml of normal saline was infused with Tc-99m SC . A repeat study using our standard technique rendered free intraperitoneal distribution in this patient , as well as in the other seven cases . Some investigators recommend low volumes , but in our experience this produced the finding of pseudoloculation , which could change treatment inappropriately . Although the number of patients studied at our institution was small , administration of 1 liter intraperitoneally provided consistent IDI results ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1074
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84255",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"Intraperitoneal distribution imaging"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
36
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84256",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intraperitoneal distribution imaging ( IDI )"
],
"offsets": [
[
148,
192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84257",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"IDI"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84258",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"normal saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84259",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"1 mCi of Tc-99m SC"
],
"offsets": [
[
461,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84260",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"IDI"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84261",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"normal saline"
],
"offsets": [
[
443,
456
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84262",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Tc-99m SC"
],
"offsets": [
[
470,
479
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84263",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Intraperitoneal distribution"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
28
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84264",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"loculation"
],
"offsets": [
[
535,
545
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84265",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"free intraperitoneal distribution"
],
"offsets": [
[
676,
709
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84266",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pseudoloculation"
],
"offsets": [
[
860,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84267",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"IDI"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
190
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84268",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ovarian cancer"
],
"offsets": [
[
84,
98
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84269",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"8"
],
"offsets": [
[
368,
369
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84270",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"43-65"
],
"offsets": [
[
385,
390
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84271 | 813984 | [
{
"id": "84272",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ A controlled study of treating haemophilia A on an out-patient basis ( author 's transl ) ] . For six months 36 U factor VIII concentrates per kg bodyweight and week were administered to six out-patients with severe haemophilia A . The injection regimen was changed in every patient every two months , from 36 U/kg once to 18 U/kg twice and 12 U/kg three times , intravenously . The six possible combinations of these three dosage schedules were used in the patients in a strictly randomised manner , and all patients were treated during the same period . In the pre-trial period ( treatment as needed ) there were an average of 35 bleedings per two months . On continual treatment there were 21 bleedings on weekly injections of 36 U factor VIII per kg , 14 on twice weekly 18 U/kg and none on 12 U/kg , three times weekly . The differences are statistically significant . The absence of bleeding on the last dosage schedule was achieved during normal working . Days lost from work per patient per month was zero on three times 12 U/kg , 0.4 day on twice 18 U/kg and once 36 U/kg , while it had been five days in the pre-trial period . In addition to freedom from bleeding and no lost days from work , there was increased mobility and physical capacity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1257
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84273",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"36 U factor VIII concentrates"
],
"offsets": [
[
111,
140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84274",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"bleedings"
],
"offsets": [
[
634,
643
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84275",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"absence of bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
880,
899
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84276",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"Days lost from work per patient per month"
],
"offsets": [
[
965,
1006
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84277",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"freedom from bleeding"
],
"offsets": [
[
1154,
1175
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84278",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"lost days"
],
"offsets": [
[
1183,
1192
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84279",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mobility and physical capacity ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1225,
1257
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84280",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"six"
],
"offsets": [
[
100,
103
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84281",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"haemophilia A"
],
"offsets": [
[
33,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84282 | 8141163 | [
{
"id": "84283",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Sodium kinetics in white and black normotensive subjects : possible relevance to salt-sensitive hypertension . The hypothesis that sodium ( Na ) kinetics are not a first order process was tested . Twelve normotensive white and 12 normotensive black men were given 10 , 200 , and 400 mmol/d Na as the chloride salt for 7 days in random order . All urine made was collected . No effect of Na intake on blood pressure was identified in either whites or blacks . The half-life ( T1/2 ) with decreasing Na intake to 10 mmol/d was 1.08 days in whites and 1.65 days in blacks ( p = not significant [ NS ] ) . With increasing Na intake , T1/2 increased in both whites and blacks ; at the 400 mmol/d intake , the T1/2 for whites was 2.88 days and for blacks was 5.81 days ( p < 0.05 ) . At that intake , whites accumulated 385 +/- 153 mmol compared with 909 +/- 153 mmol for blacks ( p < 0.05 ) . The data showed that T1/2 increases with increasing Na intake and is , therefore , dose-dependent or \" zero \" order . The effect of dose is more prominent in blacks than in whites ; blacks accumulate more Na with increasing Na intake than whites . These data may have relevance for the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension in blacks ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1229
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84284",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"sodium"
],
"offsets": [
[
131,
137
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84285",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na as the chloride salt"
],
"offsets": [
[
290,
313
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84286",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84287",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84288",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84289",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84290",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84291",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
140,
142
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84292",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
400,
414
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84293",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"half-life ( T1/2 )"
],
"offsets": [
[
463,
481
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84294",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T1/2 increased"
],
"offsets": [
[
630,
644
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84295",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"accumulated"
],
"offsets": [
[
802,
813
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84296",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"T1/2 increases"
],
"offsets": [
[
909,
923
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84297",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84298",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"accumulate more Na"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84299",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twelve normotensive white"
],
"offsets": [
[
197,
222
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84300",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"12 normotensive black men"
],
"offsets": [
[
227,
252
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84301 | 8141223 | [
{
"id": "84302",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Maternal erythropoietin in singleton pregnancies : a randomized trial on the effect of oral hematinic supplementation . OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to study the effect of hematinic supplementation on the maternal erythropoietin response during singleton pregnancy . STUDY DESIGN In a randomized , double-blind trial 97 patients with a first-trimester hemoglobin level > or = 14.0 gm/dl received either iron and folic acid ( hematinic group , n = 53 ) or a placebo ( n = 44 ) . Serial hemoglobin , hematocrit , and serum erythropoietin were recorded from maternal blood and from cord blood on delivery . Serum ferritin was measured in the first trimester , at 36 weeks ' gestation , and in cord blood . RESULTS In both groups ( 1 ) the mean hemoglobin was lower ( p < 0.01 ) at 40 weeks ' gestation than when first examined and ( 2 ) the mean serum erythropoietin was higher ( p < 0.01 ) . The mean serum ferritin was lower ( p < 0.001 ) in both groups at 36 weeks ' gestation than at presentation but higher ( p = 0.04 ) in the hematinic group than in the placebo group . The mean hemoglobin and hematocrit were similar in the two groups until the third trimester but thereafter were higher ( p < 0.05 ) in the hematinic group . The mean maternal serum erythropoietin was higher ( p < 0.05 ) in the placebo group than in the hematinic group after 24 weeks ' gestation . The mean cord blood hematologic values were similar in the two groups . CONCLUSION Maternal serum erythropoietin increased during pregnancy , but this response was reduced in the third trimester in the hematinic-supplemented group ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1600
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84303",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"supplementation"
],
"offsets": [
[
102,
117
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84304",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"iron and folic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
400,
419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84305",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
454,
461
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84306",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Maternal erythropoietin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
23
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84307",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"maternal erythropoietin response"
],
"offsets": [
[
202,
234
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84308",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Serial hemoglobin"
],
"offsets": [
[
475,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84309",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hematocrit"
],
"offsets": [
[
495,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84310",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"serum erythropoietin"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
532
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84311",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Serum ferritin"
],
"offsets": [
[
601,
615
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84312",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean hemoglobin"
],
"offsets": [
[
733,
748
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84313",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean serum ferritin"
],
"offsets": [
[
891,
910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84314",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean hemoglobin and hematocrit"
],
"offsets": [
[
1074,
1104
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84315",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean maternal serum erythropoietin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1231,
1265
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84316",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean cord blood hematologic values"
],
"offsets": [
[
1372,
1406
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84317",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Maternal serum erythropoietin"
],
"offsets": [
[
1451,
1480
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84318",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"singleton pregnancies"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84319",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"97"
],
"offsets": [
[
314,
316
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84320",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"53"
],
"offsets": [
[
444,
446
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84321",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"44"
],
"offsets": [
[
468,
470
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84322 | 8155449 | [
{
"id": "84323",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Risk of aspiration with the laryngeal mask . In order to assess if the use of the laryngeal mask airway is associated with an increased risk of gastric regurgitation during mechanical ventilation , we studied 50 patients allocated randomly to undergo anaesthesia with either artificial ventilation with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen and atracurium ( group A ) or spontaneous ventilation with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen ( group B ) . In both groups a laryngeal mask airway was used . Regurgitation was assessed by the patient ingesting a methylene blue capsule 10 min before induction of anaesthesia and examining the oropharynx by direct laryngoscopy at the end of surgery . In one patient in each group , there was staining of the oropharynx with blue dye at the end of surgery . In the patient in group A , dye was present in the trachea and bronchi ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
874
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84324",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"laryngeal"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
37
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84325",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
251,
262
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84326",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"artificial ventilation"
],
"offsets": [
[
275,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84327",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen and atracurium"
],
"offsets": [
[
298,
356
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84328",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"spontaneous ventilation with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
439
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84329",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"methylene blue capsule"
],
"offsets": [
[
558,
580
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84330",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"staining of the oropharynx"
],
"offsets": [
[
737,
763
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84331",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"dye was present in the trachea and bronchi"
],
"offsets": [
[
830,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84332",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"50"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
211
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84333 | 8156515 | [
{
"id": "84334",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Antifungal prophylaxis during remission induction therapy for acute leukemia fluconazole versus intravenous amphotericin B . BACKGROUND Fungal infection is a frequent and often fatal complication in patients undergoing remission induction therapy for acute leukemia . Although candidiasis is the most common infection , mold infections are increasing in frequency . Fluconazole ( FLU ) is a new antifungal agent that has been used successfully to treat Candida infections and has modest activity against aspergillosis in animal models . Subtherapeutic doses of amphotericin B ( AMB ) have been considered effective as prophylaxis in these patients . This study was designed to compare the efficacy and toxicity of these agents as antifungal prophylaxis . METHODS Adults with acute leukemia undergoing remission induction chemotherapy randomly were assigned to receive antifungal prophylaxis with AMB ( 0.5 mg/kg three times weekly ) or FLU ( 400 mg daily ) . Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was administered as an antibacterial prophylaxis . Prophylaxis was continued until the patient achieved complete remission or was treated for 8 weeks without antileukemic response . Prophylaxis was discontinued if the patient experienced a possible or proven fungal infection or a serious toxicity . RESULTS Overall , 58 % of the 36 patients assigned to AMB successfully completed prophylaxis compared with 80 % of the 41 patients assigned to FLU ( < 0.05 ) . Proven , probable , or possible fungal infections occurred in 31 % and 17 % of the patients , respectively . The risk of discontinuing prophylaxis due to fungal infection or toxicity increased with time in the study and was significantly greater for AMB ( P = 0.02 ) . CONCLUSIONS At the dose used in this study , AMB was no more effective and was more toxic than FLU for prophylaxis of fungal infections in patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1930
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84335",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"versus intravenous amphotericin B"
],
"offsets": [
[
89,
122
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84336",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fluconazole ( FLU )"
],
"offsets": [
[
366,
385
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84337",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"amphotericin B ( AMB )"
],
"offsets": [
[
561,
583
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84338",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"antifungal prophylaxis with AMB ( 0.5 mg/kg three times weekly"
],
"offsets": [
[
868,
930
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84339",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FLU"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84340",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
],
"offsets": [
[
959,
988
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84341",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AMB"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84342",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FLU"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84343",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"AMB"
],
"offsets": [
[
578,
581
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84344",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"FLU"
],
"offsets": [
[
380,
383
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84345",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy and toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
689,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84346",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Proven , probable , or possible fungal infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
1449,
1498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84347",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fungal infection"
],
"offsets": [
[
1248,
1264
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84348",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"toxicity"
],
"offsets": [
[
702,
710
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84349",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"fungal infections"
],
"offsets": [
[
1481,
1498
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84350",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute leukemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84351",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute leukemia"
],
"offsets": [
[
62,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84352",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"36 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1319,
1330
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84353",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"41 patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
1408,
1419
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84354 | 8159300 | [
{
"id": "84355",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Cyclosporin versus cyclophosphamide for patients with steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome : a multicentre randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy ( maintenance of remission ) , safety and tolerability of cyclosporin ( CsA ) with those of cyclophosphamide in patients with steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) . DESIGN Open , prospective , randomized , multicentre , controlled study for parallel groups , stratified for adults and children . The setting was in nephrological departments in Italy . SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTIONS Seventy-three patients with steroid-sensitive idiopathic NS admitted to the study were randomly assigned to cyclophosphamide ( 2.5 mg/kg/day ) for 8 weeks or CsA ( 5 mg/kg/day in adults , 6 mg/kg/day in children ) for 9 months , tapered off by 25 % every month until complete discontinuation at month 12 . Seven patients lost to follow up were not considered in the analysis . The remaining 66 patients were followed up for 3-24 months after randomization . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relapse-free survival ; number of N.S . relapses/patient/year ; cumulative dose of prednisone/patient ; laboratory investigations ( kidney and liver functions , haematological parameters ) ; incidence of adverse events . RESULTS At month 9 , 26 of 35 CsA-treated patients were still in complete remission and a further five patients were in partial remission ; 18 of 28 cyclophosphamide-treated patients were in complete remission , and one in partial remission ( P = NS ) . No difference between adults and children was seen with either treatment . The risk of relapse was similar between frequent relapsers ( 19 of 22 ) and steroid-dependent patients ( 8 of 14 ) given CsA , and those given cyclophosphamide ( 5 of 15 and 6 of 15 ) . The mean number of relapses per year and the mean dose of prednisone per year were significantly less ( P < 0.001 ) in both groups for the experimental year than for the year before randomization . At 2 years , 25 % of the patients given CsA ( 50 % adults and 20 % children ) and 63 % of those given cyclophosphamide ( 40 % adults and 68 % children ) had not had any relapse of NS . Tolerance to the two drugs was generally good . The CsA-related side-effects were mild and disappeared after drug discontinuation . CONCLUSIONS This study shows that both treatments are effective and well tolerated ; more patients given cyclophosphamide had stable remissions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2493
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84356",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84357",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84358",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin ( CsA )"
],
"offsets": [
[
265,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84359",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84360",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84361",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CsA"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84362",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1491
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84363",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84364",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CsA"
],
"offsets": [
[
279,
282
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84365",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84366",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"CsA-related"
],
"offsets": [
[
2268,
2279
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84367",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclophosphamide"
],
"offsets": [
[
19,
35
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84368",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"efficacy ( maintenance of remission ) , safety and tolerability"
],
"offsets": [
[
198,
261
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84369",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"Relapse-free survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
1097,
1118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84370",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"number of N.S"
],
"offsets": [
[
1121,
1134
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84371",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"cumulative dose of prednisone/patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
1161,
1198
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84372",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"laboratory investigations ( kidney and liver functions , haematological parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
1201,
1283
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84373",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"incidence of adverse events"
],
"offsets": [
[
1288,
1315
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84374",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"complete remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84375",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"partial remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1438,
1455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84376",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
";"
],
"offsets": [
[
1119,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84377",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"complete remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1383,
1401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84378",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"partial remission"
],
"offsets": [
[
1438,
1455
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84379",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"risk of relapse"
],
"offsets": [
[
1651,
1666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84380",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"mean number of relapses per year"
],
"offsets": [
[
1837,
1869
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84381",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"dose of prednisone per year"
],
"offsets": [
[
1883,
1910
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84382",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"relapse of NS . Tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
2200,
2225
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84383",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"CsA-related side-effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
2268,
2292
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84384",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"stable remissions ."
],
"offsets": [
[
2474,
2493
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84385",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
126
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84386",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome"
],
"offsets": [
[
333,
393
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84387",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
396,
398
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84388",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"adults and children"
],
"offsets": [
[
512,
531
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84389",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Seventy-three"
],
"offsets": [
[
617,
630
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84390",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"with steroid-sensitive idiopathic NS"
],
"offsets": [
[
640,
676
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84391 | 8161002 | [
{
"id": "84392",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Anticholinergic drugs : effects on oxygen consumption and energy expenditure . Premedication has been shown to affect both oxygen consumption ( VO2 ) and energy expenditure ( EE ) . The metabolic responses to anticholinergic drugs have not been studied . In this study the effects of anticholinergic drugs on VO2 and EE ( calculated from the measured rates of VO2 and carbon dioxide production [ VCO2 ] : EE [ kcal/d ] = 3.581 x VO2 [ L/d ] + 1.448 x VCO2 [ L/d ] - 32.4 ) were measured in six healthy female volunteers . They were given intramuscular atropine ( 15 micrograms/kg ) , glycopyrrolate ( 8 micrograms/kg ) , scopolamine ( 8 micrograms/kg ) , and placebo in a random double-blind cross-over design . The consecutive sessions were at least 1 wk apart for each subject . VO2 and EE were measured using an indirect calorimetry ( Deltatrac ) . Cardiovascular responses were assessed using standard noninvasive monitoring . Plasma drug concentrations were analyzed using a sensitive modification of radioreceptor assay . Subjective responses were measured with visual analog scale ( VAS ) . Atropine and glycopyrrolate induced a significant increase in heart rate with a simultaneous decrease in pressure rate quotient ( PRQ ) , while scopolamine caused a significant decrease in heart rate with a simultaneous increase in PRQ . Scopolamine significantly decreased both VO2 and EE , whereas glycopyrrolate increased VO2 . Atropine had no significant effect on metabolic variables . Only scopolamine induced sedation in this study . In conclusion , atropine , glycopyrrolate , and scopolamine differ not only in their cardiovascular and central nervous system effects , but also in their effects on metabolism ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1717
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84393",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Anticholinergic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84394",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"anticholinergic drugs"
],
"offsets": [
[
209,
230
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84395",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atropine"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84396",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glycopyrrolate"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84397",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"scopolamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84398",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
659,
666
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84399",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Atropine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84400",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glycopyrrolate"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84401",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Scopolamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1336,
1347
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84402",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glycopyrrolate"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84403",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Atropine"
],
"offsets": [
[
1098,
1106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84404",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"atropine"
],
"offsets": [
[
552,
560
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84405",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glycopyrrolate"
],
"offsets": [
[
584,
598
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84406",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"scopolamine"
],
"offsets": [
[
621,
632
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84407",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oxygen consumption and energy expenditure"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84408",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"oxygen consumption"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
53
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84409",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"energy expenditure"
],
"offsets": [
[
58,
76
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84410",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VO2 and EE"
],
"offsets": [
[
309,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84411",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Cardiovascular responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
852,
876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84412",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Plasma drug concentrations"
],
"offsets": [
[
931,
957
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84413",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"visual analog scale ( VAS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1068,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84414",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84415",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pressure rate quotient ( PRQ )"
],
"offsets": [
[
1203,
1233
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84416",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"heart rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
1160,
1170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84417",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"increase in PRQ"
],
"offsets": [
[
1318,
1333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84418",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VO2 and EE"
],
"offsets": [
[
309,
319
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84419",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"VO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
144,
147
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84420",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"metabolic variables"
],
"offsets": [
[
1467,
1486
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84421",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"sedation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1514,
1522
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84422",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"six"
],
"offsets": [
[
490,
493
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84423",
"type": "Participant_Sex",
"text": [
"female"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
508
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84424 | 8162628 | [
{
"id": "84425",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Influence of glyceryl trinitrate on venous and arterial effects of chronic , asymmetric isosorbide dinitrate treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease . Asymmetric dosage regimes have been introduced to circumvent development of nitrate tolerance . This study assessed invasively the hemodynamics during supine rest and exercise before and after 4 weeks treatment with 30 mg isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) or placebo asymmetrically b.i.d . in 14 randomized patients with stable ischemic heart disease in a double-blinded study . An intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) was used to assess possible nitrate tolerance . During the initial , medication-free exercise all patients had increased pulmonary arterial wedge pressure ( PAWP ) 31.4 +/- 5.56 mmHg ( mean +/- SD ) , showing impaired left ventricular function , while mean arterial pressures ( MAP ) rose from 112 +/- 16.3 mmHg at rest to 141 +/- 15.9 mmHg during exercise . After 4 weeks ISDN treatment , mean exercise PAWP and MAP , 3 h after morning dose , were reduced to 22.4 +/- 7.09 mmHg and 127 +/- 18.2 mmHg , respectively . Before the ISDN treatment , GTN reduced exercise PAWP to 13.9 +/- 5.27 mmHg and MAP to 119 +/- 11.2 mmHg , whereas after 4 weeks ISDN treatment , the addition of GTN did not reduce exercise PAWP and MAP to the same low levels . Thus , the applied ISDN regimen improved the hemodynamics , but induced a definite , partial nitrate tolerance ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1449
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84426",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glyceryl trinitrate"
],
"offsets": [
[
13,
32
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84427",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"isosorbide dinitrate treatment"
],
"offsets": [
[
88,
118
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84428",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"30 mg isosorbide dinitrate ( ISDN ) or"
],
"offsets": [
[
377,
415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84429",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
],
"offsets": [
[
416,
423
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84430",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN )"
],
"offsets": [
[
563,
590
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84431",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ISDN"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84432",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ISDN treatment , GTN"
],
"offsets": [
[
1120,
1140
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84433",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ISDN"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84434",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ISDN"
],
"offsets": [
[
406,
410
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84435",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pulmonary arterial wedge pressure ( PAWP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
712,
754
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84436",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean arterial pressures ( MAP )"
],
"offsets": [
[
843,
874
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84437",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"mean exercise PAWP"
],
"offsets": [
[
981,
999
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84438",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84439",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84440",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PAWP"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
752
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84441",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"PAWP"
],
"offsets": [
[
748,
752
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84442",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"and"
],
"offsets": [
[
43,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84443",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"MAP"
],
"offsets": [
[
869,
872
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84444",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"ischemic heart disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
136,
158
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84445",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"14"
],
"offsets": [
[
450,
452
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84446 | 8169405 | [
{
"id": "84447",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Multidose , live attenuated , cold-recombinant , trivalent influenza vaccine in infants and young children . Twenty-two healthy infants and children received either cold-recombinant , trivalent influenza vaccine or placebo in a three-dose vaccine trial . Most ( 82 % ) who received vaccine were seronegative to all three vaccine strains ( 10 ( 6 ) TCID50/dose each ) : A/Kawasaki/9/86 ( H1N1 ) , A/Los Angeles/2/87 ( H3N2 ) , and B/Yamagata/16/88 . Vaccine was administered intranasally at time 0 and 2 and 4 months later . The vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic when administered in a multidose regimen . The first dose stimulated antibody to H1 , H3 , and B in 59 % , 94 % , and 35 % of vaccinees , respectively , by hemagglutination inhibition ( HAI ) or ELISA . After two doses of vaccine , 93 % , 93 % , and 80 % had antibody by HAI or ELISA to H1 , H3 , and B , respectively . Most vaccinees ( 67 % ) responded to all three viruses after two doses of vaccine . The third dose contributed little to the vaccine 's immunogenicity . Multidose trivalent influenza vaccine is safe and induces an immune response in most vaccinees after two doses ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1156
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]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84448",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"influenza vaccine"
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59,
76
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],
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},
{
"id": "84449",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cold-recombinant , trivalent influenza vaccine"
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30,
76
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],
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},
{
"id": "84450",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"placebo"
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215,
222
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84451",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"A/Kawasaki/9/86 ( H1N1"
],
"offsets": [
[
369,
391
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84452",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"A/Los Angeles/2/87 ( H3N2 )"
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396,
423
]
],
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"id": "84453",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
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],
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430,
446
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],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84454",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"well"
],
"offsets": [
[
540,
544
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84455",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"tolerated"
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[
545,
554
]
],
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},
{
"id": "84456",
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"text": [
"and"
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[
88,
91
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},
{
"id": "84457",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"immunogenic"
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559,
570
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84458",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"H1 , H3 , and B"
],
"offsets": [
[
652,
667
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84459",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"vaccine 's immunogenicity"
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[
1016,
1041
]
],
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"id": "84460",
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"."
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[
107,
108
]
],
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{
"id": "84461",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"immune response"
],
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[
1105,
1120
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84462",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants"
],
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[
80,
87
]
],
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},
{
"id": "84463",
"type": "Participant_Age",
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"young children"
],
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[
92,
106
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84464",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty-two"
],
"offsets": [
[
109,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84465",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy"
],
"offsets": [
[
120,
127
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84466",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"infants and children"
],
"offsets": [
[
128,
148
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84467 | 8179165 | [
{
"id": "84468",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ No better vigilance after general anesthesia with propofol in colonic surgery . A comparison of three procedures for general anesthesia ( propofol , halothane and midazolam/fentanyl ) in combination with catheter epidural anesthesia ] . Early mental and psychomotor recovery was studied in 67 patients undergoing colorectal surgery under continuous epidural anaesthesia and light general anaesthesia using propofol , halothane , and midazolam/fentanyl . The study was approved by the local ethics committee . All patients received epidural anaesthesia with 0.25 % bupivacaine and were then randomly allocated to one of three groups . In group I ( halothane ) , light general anaesthesia was induced with thiopental 3-5 mg/kg and maintained with halothane . The propofol group ( II ) received 2 mg/kg for induction and a mean continuous infusion of 1.7 mg/kg.h . In group III ( Mi/Fe ) , midazolam and fentanyl were used for induction and maintenance . All patients were intubated , received non-depolarising muscle relaxants , and were manually ventilated with nitrous oxide-oxygen ( 2:1.2 ) . For postoperative analgesia , 0.05 mg/kg morphine was administrated epidurally 30 min before the end of the operation ; 30 , 60 , 90 , and 120 min after arriving in the recovery room , vigilance was assessed using a modified Steward score , the Trieger test , the ability to recall a column of numbers ( KAI test ) , and symbol counting ( CI test ) . Heart rate , blood pressure , arterial oxygen saturation , and blood gases were recorded . RESULTS . The three groups were comparable with regard to age , sex , ASA classification , and duration of anaesthesia and operation ( Table 3 ) . There was no difference between the groups in performance of the recovery tests ( Figs . 2-5 ) , blood pressure , heart rate , arterial blood gas analysis ( Fig . 6 ) , or oxygen saturation . Comparing pre- and postoperative values , we found severe psychomotor and mental impairment in all groups . pCO2 was slightly elevated in all groups , but only 3 patients in the propofol group and 6 in the midazolam/fentanyl group developed hypercapnia above 50 mm Hg . Patients receiving propofol or midazolam/fentanyl had significantly less postoperative nausea and vomiting than those receiving halothane ( Table 5 ) . CONCLUSION . It is concluded that propofol offers no advantage over halothane or midazolam/fentanyl where early postoperative recovery is concerned . Intraoperatively , all three techniques provided good anaesthesia . Propofol and midazolam/fentanyl caused less postoperative nausea and vomiting than halothane anaesthesia ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2623
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84469",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol in"
],
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[
52,
63
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84470",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"general anesthesia"
],
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[
28,
46
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84471",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
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[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84472",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"halothane"
],
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[
151,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84473",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam/fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84474",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"continuous epidural anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84475",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"and light general anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
372,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84476",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
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[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84477",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"halothane"
],
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[
151,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84478",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam/fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84479",
"type": "Intervention_Surgical",
"text": [
"epidural anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
351,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84480",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"bupivacaine"
],
"offsets": [
[
566,
577
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84481",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"( halothane ) , light general anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
688
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84482",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"thiopental 3-5 mg/kg and maintained with halothane"
],
"offsets": [
[
706,
756
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84483",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84484",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam and fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
889,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84485",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"intubated"
],
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[
972,
981
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84486",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"non-depolarising muscle relaxants"
],
"offsets": [
[
993,
1026
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84487",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"manually ventilated with nitrous oxide-oxygen"
],
"offsets": [
[
1038,
1083
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84488",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"morphine"
],
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[
1137,
1145
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84489",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"epidurally"
],
"offsets": [
[
1164,
1174
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84490",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam/fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84491",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84492",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam/fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
183
]
],
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},
{
"id": "84493",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"halothane"
],
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[
151,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84494",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
60
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84495",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"halothane"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84496",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam/fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84497",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
2517,
2525
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84498",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"midazolam/fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
165,
183
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84499",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"halothane"
],
"offsets": [
[
151,
160
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84500",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"vigilance"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84501",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"Early mental"
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
251
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84502",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychomotor recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
256,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84503",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate , blood pressure , arterial oxygen saturation , and blood gases"
],
"offsets": [
[
1447,
1521
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84504",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"recovery tests"
],
"offsets": [
[
1750,
1764
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84505",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"blood pressure , heart rate , arterial blood gas analysis ( Fig . 6 ) , or oxygen saturation ."
],
"offsets": [
[
1782,
1876
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84506",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"psychomotor and mental impairment"
],
"offsets": [
[
1935,
1968
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84507",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"pCO2"
],
"offsets": [
[
1985,
1989
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84508",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"hypercapnia"
],
"offsets": [
[
2118,
2129
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84509",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
2220,
2253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84510",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"postoperative recovery"
],
"offsets": [
[
2411,
2433
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84511",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
2220,
2253
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84512",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"67"
],
"offsets": [
[
292,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84513",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"colorectal surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
315,
333
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84514",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"continuous epidural anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
340,
371
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84515",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"light general anaesthesia"
],
"offsets": [
[
376,
401
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84516 | 8179563 | [
{
"id": "84517",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Ketorolac versus fentanyl for gynaecological day-case surgery . The effectiveness of fentanyl and ketorolac in providing analgesia for day-case gynaecological procedures was evaluated in 55 healthy volunteers in a single blinded fashion . Fentanyl ( 1 mcg/kg iv ) and ketorolac ( 30 mg im ) were administered immediately following induction of anaesthesia . Anaesthesia was standardized with propofol , nitrous oxide and enflurane . Outcome variables assessed were pain , additional analgesic requirements , and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting . All variables were recorded at 15 minutes , 2 hours and 24 hours postoperatively . There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to any of the measured variables . Both drugs were ineffective as sole analgesic agents in half of their respective groups . It may be that a combination of these drugs , providing a multireceptor approach to analgesia , will prove to be more effective ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
968
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84518",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Ketorolac versus fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84519",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84520",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ketorolac"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84521",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Fentanyl"
],
"offsets": [
[
239,
247
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84522",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"ketorolac"
],
"offsets": [
[
98,
107
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84523",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propofol"
],
"offsets": [
[
392,
400
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84524",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"nitrous oxide"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
416
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84525",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"enflurane"
],
"offsets": [
[
421,
430
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84526",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"pain"
],
"offsets": [
[
465,
469
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84527",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"additional analgesic requirements"
],
"offsets": [
[
472,
505
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84528",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"postoperative nausea and vomiting"
],
"offsets": [
[
525,
558
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84529",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"ineffective"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
776
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84530",
"type": "Outcome_Pain",
"text": [
"analgesic"
],
"offsets": [
[
483,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84531",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"gynaecological day-case surgery"
],
"offsets": [
[
30,
61
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84532",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"day-case gynaecological procedures"
],
"offsets": [
[
135,
169
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84533",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"55"
],
"offsets": [
[
187,
189
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84534",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"healthy volunteers"
],
"offsets": [
[
190,
208
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84535 | 8197064 | [
{
"id": "84536",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Effects of an intensive therapy program for behaviorally disordered mentally handicapped patients on staff personnel in residential care ] . This study evaluates the effects of an intensive therapy program designed for mentally handicapped persons with severely disturbed or autistic behavior on their staff personal which had an active role in the program . The staff members rated their professional competence , quality of interaction with the client , team culture and work satisfaction before and after being engaged in the program , with additional ratings of their personal aims at the beginning of the program . Three sets of data were obtained with the program being conducted three times in a row . The testings of the related as well as the independent samples show differentiated program effects . The main effect is an increase of the professional competence and quality of interaction , especially by the qualified staff members . Trainees put emphasis on the development of their personal relationship with the client . The results are discussed in terms of the impact of learning processes specific to the roles of the staff members and motivational factors on learning and therapy outcome , along with institutional conditions influencing successful learning . Thus the program facilitates the professional and interpersonal learning process of staff members in a specific way with success as well as with limitations ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1438
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84537",
"type": "Intervention_Psychological",
"text": [
"intensive therapy program"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
41
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84538",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"professional competence and quality of interaction"
],
"offsets": [
[
850,
900
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84539",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"behaviorally disordered mentally handicapped"
],
"offsets": [
[
46,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84540",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"mentally handicapped"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
90
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84541",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"disturbed or autistic behavior"
],
"offsets": [
[
264,
294
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84542 | 8198938 | [
{
"id": "84543",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Trimetazidine : a new concept in the treatment of angina . Comparison with propranolol in patients with stable angina . Trimetazidine European Multicenter Study Group . 1 . Trimetazidine has a direct anti-ischaemic effect on the myocardium without altering the rate x pressure product or coronary blood flow . 2 . The effects of trimetazidine ( 20 mg three times daily ) were compared with those of propranolol ( 40 mg three times daily ) in a double-blind parallel group multicentre study in 149 men with stable angina . 3 . Reproducibility of exercise performance was verified during a 3 week run-in placebo washout period . All patients had > 1 mm ST-depression on exercise test . 4 . After 3 months , similar anti-anginal efficacy was observed between the trimetazidine ( n = 71 ) and propranolol ( n = 78 ) groups . No significant differences were observed between trimetazidine and propranolol as regards anginal attack rate per week ( mean difference P-TMZ : 2 ; 95 % CI : -4.4 , 0.5 ) and exercise duration ( mean difference P-TMZ : 0 s ; 95 % CI : -33 , 34 ) or time to 1 mm ST segment depression ( mean difference P-TMZ : 13 s ; 95 % CI : -24 , 51 ) . Heart rate and rate x pressure product at rest and at peak exercise remained unchanged in the trimetazidine group but significantly decreased with propranolol ( P < 0.001 in all cases ) . With both drugs there was a trend to decreased ischaemic episodes in the 46 % patients who experienced ambulatory ischaemia on Holter monitoring . Six patients stopped trimetazidine and 12 propranolol . Of these , five in each group were withdrawn because of deterioration in cardiovascular status . 5 . The results suggest that trimetazidine and propranolol at the doses studied have similar efficacy in patients with stable angina pectoris . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS )"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1829
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84544",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Trimetazidine"
],
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[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84545",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
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75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84546",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Trimetazidine"
],
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[
0,
13
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84547",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimetazidine"
],
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[
329,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84548",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
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[
75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84549",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimetazidine"
],
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[
329,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84550",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
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[
75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84551",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimetazidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84552",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
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[
75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84553",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimetazidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84554",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84555",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"trimetazidine"
],
"offsets": [
[
329,
342
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84556",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"propranolol"
],
"offsets": [
[
75,
86
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84557",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anti-ischaemic effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
200,
221
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84558",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"rate x pressure product"
],
"offsets": [
[
261,
284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84559",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"coronary blood flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
288,
307
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84560",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"anti-anginal efficacy"
],
"offsets": [
[
713,
734
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84561",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"anginal attack rate per week"
],
"offsets": [
[
911,
939
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84562",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"exercise duration"
],
"offsets": [
[
997,
1014
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84563",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ST segment depression"
],
"offsets": [
[
1084,
1105
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84564",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Heart rate and rate x pressure product at rest"
],
"offsets": [
[
1162,
1208
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84565",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"ischaemic episodes"
],
"offsets": [
[
1397,
1415
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84566",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"withdrawn"
],
"offsets": [
[
1588,
1597
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84567",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stable angina ."
],
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[
104,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84568",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"149"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
496
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84569",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"men with stable angina ."
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
521
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84570 | 8208469 | [
{
"id": "84571",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"[ Perioperative teicoplanin prophylaxis in patients undergoing breast reconstruction with the abdominal wall . A case-control study ] . The authors report the results of a randomized clinical trial of antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative infection following breast reconstruction by transposition of rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap ( TRAMF ) . The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a short-term parenteral prophylaxis with Teicoplanin and the end-point of the study was the evaluation of wound contamination assessed by means of microbiologic culture of drainage fluid . From October 1990 to March 1992 38 patients were recruited : 20 patients in the antibiotic prophylaxis arm and 18 patients in the control group . Analysis of drainage fluids showed a higher contamination rate ( 15/18 = 83 % ) in the control group as compared to the prophylaxis arm ( 2/20 = 10 % ) ( p < 0.0001 ) . Moreover , 11 patients in the control arm suffered from fever > 37.5 degrees C for at least 3 days as compared to 1 patient in the antibiotic prophylaxis group ; the postoperative stay was 13.3 +/- 4.3 and 9.0 +/- 1.6 in the control and antibiotic arm respectively . No antibiotic related side effects were evidenced through the study . These results seem to confirm the value of parenteral short-term antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative infection in such kind of \" clean \" operative procedure ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1410
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84572",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"teicoplanin prophylaxis"
],
"offsets": [
[
16,
39
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84573",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"parenteral prophylaxis with Teicoplanin"
],
"offsets": [
[
420,
459
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84574",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"higher contamination rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
779,
804
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84575",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"fever > 37.5 degrees C"
],
"offsets": [
[
967,
989
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84576",
"type": "Outcome_Other",
"text": [
"postoperative stay"
],
"offsets": [
[
1077,
1095
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84577",
"type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects",
"text": [
"antibiotic related side effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
1181,
1212
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84578 | 8208874 | [
{
"id": "84579",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Lithium sustains the acute antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation : preliminary findings from a controlled study . Early morning sleep deprivation ( patient awake from 0200 to 2200 hours ) produces a same-day antidepressant effect in approximately one-half of patients with major depression . Unfortunately , these antidepressant effects are short-lived and patients usually relapse to baseline depression levels within 48 hours . Recent work suggests , however , that the use of lithium with early morning sleep deprivation sustains this rapid antidepressant effect and makes it clinically useful . In a 30-day study , we compared the abilities of four different treatments ( lithium plus early morning sleep deprivation , lithium plus a control sleep deprivation procedure , and desipramine with either of the two sleep manipulations ) to induce a rapid ( next-day ) and sustained antidepressant response in 16 depressed patients . Lithium plus early morning sleep deprivation produced a quicker response than lithium with the control sleep deprivation , and the response was sustained for at least 30 days . In this design , however , lithium/early morning sleep deprivation was no faster than either of the two desipramine/sleep deprivation conditions in inducing remission . These results support the results of previous studies and suggest further investigation of this novel sleep/pharmacologic intervention is warranted ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1434
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84580",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"Lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84581",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"lithium"
],
"offsets": [
[
485,
492
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84582",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"lithium plus early morning sleep deprivation"
],
"offsets": [
[
682,
726
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84583",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"lithium plus a control sleep deprivation procedure"
],
"offsets": [
[
729,
779
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84584",
"type": "Intervention_Control",
"text": [
"desipramine with either of the two sleep manipulations"
],
"offsets": [
[
786,
840
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84585",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"desipramine/sleep deprivation"
],
"offsets": [
[
1220,
1249
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84586",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"sleep/pharmacologic intervention"
],
"offsets": [
[
1387,
1419
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84587",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"antidepressant effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84588",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"antidepressant effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84589",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
42,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84590",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"antidepressant effect"
],
"offsets": [
[
27,
48
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84591",
"type": "Outcome_Mental",
"text": [
"antidepressant response"
],
"offsets": [
[
888,
911
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84592",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"inducing remission ."
],
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[
1264,
1284
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84593",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"acute antidepressant effects"
],
"offsets": [
[
21,
49
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84594",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sleep deprivation :"
],
"offsets": [
[
53,
72
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84595",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"sleep deprivation"
],
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[
53,
70
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84596",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"major depression ."
],
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[
279,
297
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84597",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"16"
],
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[
915,
917
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84598",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"depressed"
],
"offsets": [
[
918,
927
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84599 | 8210831 | [
{
"id": "84600",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"How to establish equivalence when data are censored : a randomized trial of treatments for B non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Interest in equivalence trials has been increasing for many years , though the methodology which has been developed for such trials is mainly for uncensored data . In cancer research we are more often concerned with survival . In an efficacy trial , the null hypothesis specifies equality of the two survival distributions , but in an equivalence trial , a null hypothesis of inequivalence H0 has to be tested . The usual logrank test has to be modified to test whether the true value r of the ratio of hazard rates in two treatment groups is at least equal to a limit value r0 . If prognostic factors have to be taken into account , the Cox model provides tests of Ho , and a useful confidence interval for the adjusted relative derived from the regression parameter for the treatment indicator . An equivalence trial of maintenance therapy was carried out in children with B non-Hodgkin lymphoma , and serves as an illustration ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1047
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84601",
"type": "Intervention_Educational",
"text": [
"logrank test"
],
"offsets": [
[
538,
550
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84602",
"type": "Intervention_Physical",
"text": [
"maintenance therapy"
],
"offsets": [
[
938,
957
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84603",
"type": "Outcome_Mortality",
"text": [
"survival"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
340
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84604",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"B non-Hodgkin lymphoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84605",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"children"
],
"offsets": [
[
977,
985
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84606",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"B non-Hodgkin lymphoma"
],
"offsets": [
[
91,
113
]
],
"normalized": []
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
84607 | 8210973 | [
{
"id": "84608",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Erythrocyte deformability , endothelin levels , and renal function in cyclosporin-treated renal transplant recipients : effects of intervention with fish oil and corn oil . Twenty nine stable renal transplant recipients , 10 receiving cyclosporin , 10 cyclosporin-prednisolone and nine azathioprine-prednisolone were supplemented in a double blind randomization cross-over study with fish oil and corn oil for a period of 4 months each . Erythrocyte deformability was reduced in the cyclosporin-treated patients and returned to normal values after supplementation of either oil . The oil supplementation resulted in an increased polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the plasma phospholipids . An increased erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid content might correct the lower erythrocyte deformability in cyclosporin treated patients . Therefore , it is probable that these changes are membrane-related . The oil supplementation had no effect on glomerular filtration rate , effective renal plasma flow , filtration fraction or blood pressure , which does not exclude effects of the cyclosporin-induced rigidified erythrocytes in the acute phase of renal transplantation . Decreased erythrocyte deformability could play a role in the cyclosporin-induced deterioration of renal haemodynamics . This may enhance the effects of endothelin , as these patients also had elevated endothelin levels ."
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1404
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "84609",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84610",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84611",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corn oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84612",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84613",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"10 cyclosporin-prednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
249,
276
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84614",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"azathioprine-prednisolone"
],
"offsets": [
[
286,
311
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84615",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"fish oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
149,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84616",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"corn oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
162,
170
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84617",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin-treated"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
89
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84618",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84619",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
81
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84620",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"oil"
],
"offsets": [
[
154,
157
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84621",
"type": "Intervention_Pharmacological",
"text": [
"cyclosporin-induced"
],
"offsets": [
[
1094,
1113
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84622",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Erythrocyte deformability"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84623",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"endothelin levels"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
45
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84624",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"renal function"
],
"offsets": [
[
52,
66
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84625",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"Erythrocyte deformability"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
25
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84626",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"polyunsaturated fatty acid content"
],
"offsets": [
[
629,
663
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84627",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"glomerular filtration rate"
],
"offsets": [
[
957,
983
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84628",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"effective renal plasma flow"
],
"offsets": [
[
986,
1013
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84629",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"filtration fraction or blood pressure"
],
"offsets": [
[
1016,
1053
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84630",
"type": "Outcome_Physical",
"text": [
"erythrocyte deformability"
],
"offsets": [
[
787,
812
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84631",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"cyclosporin-treated renal transplant recipients :"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
119
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84632",
"type": "Participant_Sample-size",
"text": [
"Twenty nine"
],
"offsets": [
[
173,
184
]
],
"normalized": []
},
{
"id": "84633",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
"stable renal transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
185,
219
]
],
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] | [] | [] | [] |
84637 | 8213019 | [
{
"id": "84638",
"type": "document",
"text": [
"Evaluation of postural stability by computerised posturography following outpatient paediatric anaesthesia . Comparison of propofol/alfentanil/N2O anaesthesia with thiopentone/halothane/N2O anaesthesia . Simple clinical tests , like Romberg 's test or a walking test , have proved to be inadequate guidelines for safe discharge after outpatient anaesthesia . A randomised study was therefore planned to compare postural stability measured by computerised posturography in 31 oral midazolam-atropine premedicated children aged 6.9 ( s.e . 0.4 ) years who had been anaesthetised with either propofol/alfentanil/N2O or thiopentone/halothane/N2O . The sway velocity of the children was measured before premedication and 1 , 2 and 3 h after the end of anaesthesia . Results show that sway velocity had returned to baseline values 3 h after the end of anaesthesia in all children who had received propofol/alfentanil/N2O and in 12 of the 15 children who had received thiopentone/halothane/N2O . The quantified version of the Romberg test performed with eyes open or closed was not impaired after anaesthesia , compared with the control values , indicating that in children poor equilibrium is not compensated by vision . The clinical recovery with respect to the times to eye opening , to responding to command or to being fully awake did not differ between the two anaesthesia methods . On the basis of recovery assessed by postural stability , propofol/alfentanil/N2O anaesthesia was not preferable to thiopentone/halothane/N2O anaesthesia after minor paediatric otolaryngological surgery ."
],
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"id": "84645",
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164,
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"id": "84650",
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{
"id": "84651",
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"id": "84653",
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"id": "84659",
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{
"id": "84660",
"type": "Participant_Age",
"text": [
"31 oral midazolam-atropine premedicated children aged 6.9 ( s.e ."
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{
"id": "84661",
"type": "Participant_Condition",
"text": [
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"offsets": [
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563,
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}
] | [] | [] | [] |