Datasets:

Yusuf5

/

OpenCaselistTMP

like 0

2NC

CP

2NC Solvency/Avoids Renewables DA – NN

No solvency deficits – the courts eventually follow on but under a better framework that avoids the DA

Klass 12 [Alexandra, Professor of Law, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, and Solly Robins Distinguished Research Fellow, University of Minnesota Law School, Renewable Energy and the Public Trust Doctrine, University of California, Davis Vol. 45:1021, https://lawreview.law.ucdavis.edu/issues/45/3/Topic/45-3_Klass.pdf, Corrigan]

Klass 12 , Corrigan]

Case

1NC---OFF

Utilitarianism comes first – approaches can only be ethical when they consider second order consequences.

Chandler ‘14 (David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster – “Beyond good and evil: Ethics in a world of complexity” – International Politics, Vol. 51, No. 4 (2014), pp.441-457 – #CutWithKirby - Available at: http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/International-Politics-Evil-PUBLISHED-2.pdf)

Chandler ‘14

DEMOCRACY QPQ CP

solvency – t/l

2nc – solvency – advocate general

SC should be conditional

Young 20, Senior Lecturer at the Naval Postgraduate School (Thomas-Durell, “The "Politics" of Security Cooperation and Security Assistance,” DASA Dec Military Documents, https://www.dasadec.army.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2344014/the-politics-of-security-cooperation-and-security-assistance/)//BB

Young 20

Solvency

Production

More Production

API, 13 --- national trade association that represents all aspects of America’s oil and natural gas industry (American Petroleum Institute, “The Economic Benefits of Increasing U.S. Access to Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Resources in the Atlantic”, http://www.api.org/~/media/Files/Oil-and-Natural-Gas/Exploration/Offshore/Atlantic-OCS/Executive-Summary-Economic-Benefits-of-Increasing-US-Access-to-Atlantic-Offshore-Resources.pdf, RE)

API, 13 ---

Neg – Cloud Seeding

Space AO

AT: Terraforming

Terraforming fails.

Szocik 19 [Konrad Szocik, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Department of Philosophy and Cognitive Science. Should and could humans go to Mars? Yes, but not now and not in the near future. Futures Volume 105, January 2019, Pages 54-66. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001632871830199X]

Szocik 19

Intersectionality allows for the acknowledgement of difference which creates inclusivity and irreducibility. We are not all defined by one simple dimension. We are complex and reducing a movement to one dimension only serves to marginalize people who are effected on multiple levels. Crenshaw 93 (Kimberle Crenshaw. Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles. B.A. Cornell University, 1981; J.D. Harvard Law School, 1984; LL.M. University of Wisconsin, 1985, “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color”, http://socialdifference.columbia.edu/files/socialdiff/projects/Article__Mapping_the_Margins_by_Kimblere_Crenshaw.pdf , LD)

Crenshaw 93 (Kimberle Crenshaw. Professor of Law, University of California, Los Angeles. B.A. Cornell University, 1981; J.D. Harvard Law School, 1984; LL.M. University of Wisconsin, 1985, “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color”, http://socialdifference.columbia.edu/files/socialdiff/projects/Article__Mapping_the_Margins_by_Kimblere_Crenshaw.pdf , LD)

K

Contemporary arms control initiatives are not part of a radical disarmament campaign, but rather a tool of hegemons to impose global order, justifying preemptive war to maintain global hierarchy.

Keith Krause, D. Phil, 11 [D. Phil International Relations, Professor of International Politics @ Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva], “Leashing the Dogs of War: Arms Control from Sovereignty to Governmentality,” Contemporary Security Policy, 32:1, 20-39, DOI: 10.1080/13523260.2011.556823 C.VC

Krause, D. Phil, 11

Off-Case Answers

Topicality

Extra Cards

NSA overreach means it inevitably monitors domestic internet communications – rerouting, MCTs, and ‘about’ communications

Donohue, 15 - Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center (Laura, “SECTION 702 AND THE COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND INTERNET CONTENT” 38 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 117, Winter, lexis)

Donohue, 15

**FISA Court Reform Negative**

SOP Defense

No impact to SOP- Presidents bypass formal constitutional barriers all the time,

Zasloff, Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law, 2004 (Jonathan, “Taking Politics Seriously: A Theory of California's Separation of Powers” 51 UCLA L. Rev. 1079, Copyright (c) 2004 The Regents of the University of California)

Zasloff, 2004 (Jonathan, “Taking Politics Seriously: A Theory of California's Separation of Powers” 51 UCLA L. Rev. 1079, Copyright (c) 2004 The Regents of the University of California)

**FISA Court Reform Negative**

Hegemony defense

No war – empirically proven

Christopher J. Fettweis (Professor of national security affairs @ U.S. Naval War College) 2010 “Threat and Anxiety in US Foreign Policy,” Survival, Volume 52, Issue 2 April 2010 , pages 59 – 82

Fettweis 2010

NC

Contention 2 – A Right to Strike Harms Workers

Sonn and Walker continue:

Sonn, Paul and Walker, Naomi. December 3, 2018. “A State Agenda for America’s Workers.” Economic Policy Institute. URL: https://www.epi.org/publication/state-agenda-for-americas-workers/ accessed on 11.5.21 by bws kat

NEG – Disability [1nc]

Part 3 – Framing

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debate who best discursively and methodologically challenges oppression. The exclusionary nature of debate means that accessibility is a multiplier for all other impacts in the round because it control who is able to access those impacts in the first place.

Smith ’13: (Elijah Smith. “A Conversation in Ruins: Race and Black Participation in Lincoln Douglas Debate.” Vbriefly. September 6, 2013//FT)

Smith ’13:

DNA Aff

Medical Advances Adv

Genetics key to food

Extinction inevitable- try or die for sustainable GM food production

Trewavas 00 [Anthony, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology – University of Edinburgh, “GM Is the Best Option We Have”, AgBioWorld, 6-5, http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/best_option.html]

Trewavas 00

K

1NC- Enact/Courts

Biopolitical management causes systemic racism and genocide

Rose and Rabinow ’03 (Nikolas Rose and Paul Rabinow, December 10th, Department of Sociology London School of Economics and Political Science, “Thoughts on Biopower today” pages 10-11)

Rose and Rabinow ’03

**VARIOUS K UPDATES**

K – Settler Colonialism

AT: Perm

The permutation is not only a soothing mechanism for settler anxiety but attempts a premature reconciliation through the absorption of decolonizing frameworks into the fold of the aff.

Tuck & Yang 12 – Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang. ["Decolonization is not a metaphor." Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 2012.] MYLES

Tuck & Yang 12

Negative

They Say: “FMS/DCS Mean Sales, Not Programs”

When capitalized, Foreign Military Sales means the program. The resolution requires a substantial reduction in the program, not a particular sale.

GAO 99 — Government Accountability Office, 1999 (“Foreign Military Sales: Efforts to Improve Administration Hampered by Insufficient Information,” United States Government Accountability Office Report to the Chairman of the Committee on International Relations of the House of Representatives No. GAO/NSIAD-00-37, November, Available Online at https://www.gao.gov/assets/230/228401.pdf, Accessed 06-20-2019, p. 1)

GAO 99

3

Offense

1] Jobs guarantee is paternalistic – it assumes stigmatizes those who choose not to work and traps people in make work jobs.

Standing (Guy Standing, September 7th 2018, "Why a Job Guarantee is a bad joke for the precariat – and for freedom," New thinking for the British economy, https://neweconomics.opendemocracy.net/job-guarantee-bad-joke-precariat-freedom/)//Lex AKu

Standing AKu

Add-ons

Ocean Biodiversity

2AC – Biodiversity

Wind farms are good for the oceans—Artificial reefs, new habitats, and increase of bio diversity

Orbicon, Danish technical advisory services company, 12 (Orbicon, 7-18-12, State of Green, “Offshore wind farms can benefit the ecosystem”, http://www.stateofgreen.com/en/Newsroom/Offshore-Wind-Farms-%E2%80%93-in-harmony-with-fish, accessed 6-30-14, CLF)

Orbicon, Danish technical advisory services company, 12

Neolib K---Starter

Framwork---2NC

Neoliberalism is sustained through certain ontological conceptions of the self. Only by producing new ways of relating to the world outside the enframing of capitalism can achieve sustainability.

Mikko Joronen 13, Turku geography professor, “Conceptualising New Modes of State Governmentality: Power, Violence and the Ontological Mono-politics of Neoliberalism,” Geopolitics, 18.2, https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2012.723289

Joronen 13

Drones AFF

***PROLIFERATION ADV***

Can’t contain the spread

Bioweapons would lead to huge casualties and collapse health care systems.

Jennifer Brower and Peter Chalk, 2003, Jennifer Brower is the RAND Co-Project Director and Peter Chalk is a RAND Political Scientist specializing in emerging threats, “The Global Threat of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Reconciling U.S. National Security and Public Health Policy,” www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1602/

Brower and Chalk 2003

Pres Powers DA – MSDI

Uniqueness

UQ – Flex Now

2001 AUMF still gives the president broad flex for NSA activities

US DOJ, 1-19-2006, LEGAL AUTHORITIES SUPPORTING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY DESCRIBED BY THE PRESIDENT, Department of Justice Briefing, http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/legacy/2006/02/02/whitepaperonnsalegalauthorities.pdf /Bingham-MB

US DOJ 2006

3

Offense

1] Jobs guarantee is paternalistic – it stigmatizes those who choose not to work and traps people in make work jobs.

Standing (Guy Standing, September 7th 2018, "Why a Job Guarantee is a bad joke for the precariat – and for freedom," New thinking for the British economy, https://neweconomics.opendemocracy.net/job-guarantee-bad-joke-precariat-freedom/)//Lex AKu

Standing AKu

Impact Ext - Iran proliferation = nuclear war

New rapid Middle East proliferation is the most likely scenario for escalation

Horowitz 2009, Michael, Department of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 53, No. 2, April

Horowitz 2009

No War

Informants Aff

2AC – Probability Over Magnitude

Low probability impacts should not be evaluated

Rescher 03 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50)

Rescher 03

Impacts

General Nuke Terror

No Retaliation/Escalation

No U.S. retaliation —fear of credibility loss and conventional weapons solve

UN Foundation 1 (“U.S. Unlikely to Use Nuclear Weapons in Afghanistan,” September 20, http://www.unwire.org/unwire/20010920/18354_story.asp)

UN Foundation 1

Ableism bad

Language links

Link: “crazy”

Crazy doesn’t mean rude

Kesler 11 (Jennifer Kesler is a freelance online writer and proclaimed “feminist blogger”. She is the creative lead at Lojo Group, a branding, marketing and advertising agency based in Sacramento, California. What Privilege: “Replacing “crazy” for ableism and preciseness of language.” Published February 10th, 2011. Accessed July 25th, 2015. http://whatprivilege.com/replacing-crazy-for-ableism-and-preciseness-of-language/) TheFedora

Kesler 11

Aquaculture disad

Link

Link Wall

Low link threshold --- revitalizing Western exports devastates the industry

Ramsden, 8/22/13 --- Reporter for London Undercurrent News (Neil, “Haikui notes intense competition among China’s seafood processors”, Undercurrent News, http://www.undercurrentnews.com/2013/08/22/haikui-notes-intense-competition-among-chinas-seafood-processors/)//trepka

Ramsden, 13

Wind disad

Impacts

Econ

Chinese wind leadership is crucial to its tech innovation and economic supremacy

Gordon, 13 – vice president and director of the energy and climate program at Next Generation (Kate, “How China’s Positionining Itself as the Global Energy-Technology Leader,” Wall Street Journal, 9/26/2013, http://blogs.wsj.com/experts/2013/09/26/how-chinas-positionining-itself-as-the-global-energy-technology-leader/) //RGP

Gordon, 13

Saudi Arabia DA

2NC AT’s

AT: Oil Not K2 Econ

Saudi Arabian Economic success stems from oil

Saudi Gazette 6/19/14 (Report from Riyadh, Interest in Saudi equity market seen increasing, http://www.zawya.com/story/Interest_in_Saudi_equity_market_seen_increasing-ZAWYA20140619040637/)

Saudi Gazette 6/19/14

2NC Ext.

Link – Country Backlash

“Buyers’ market” means policy disruptions will drive off customers – Saudi Arabia proves

Arad 18

Arad 18

Terminal Impacts for all DAs

US-China War

Nuclear War

US-China war goes nuclear

PressTV 14 (“US-China military conflict will lead to 'nuclear war'”, PressTV, http://www.presstv.com/detail/2014/01/01/343209/uschina-clash-will-lead-to-nuclear-war/)//trepka

PressTV 14

SoKo CP

Bioweapons cause extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. [Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed|Recut NK]

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17

Black labor leaders have been successful in the past, but need stronger ability to strike and make demands of corporations in order to reduce racial wealth inequalities.This will require actions by their government in order to succeed.

Perry and others continue: [Andre M. Perry, Molly Kinder, Laura Stateler, and Carl Romer, 3-16-2021, "Amazon’s union battle in Bessemer, Alabama is about dignity, racial justice, and the future of the American worker," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/03/16/the-amazon-union-battle-in-bessemer-is-about-dignity-racial-justice-and-the-future-of-the-american-worker/]

Perry and others continue:

Heg Bad

Heg Bad – Laundry List

(___) The loss of biodiversity is incalculably disastrous

Chen, 2K (Chen, Jim. Professor. Law. Vance K. Opperman Research Scholar. Law School. University of Minnesota . "Globalization and its Losers." Minnesota Journal of Global Trade. 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157. Winter, 2000. Lexis-Nexis.)

Chen, 2K (Chen, Jim. Professor. Law. Vance K. Opperman Research Scholar. Law School. University of Minnesota . "Globalization and its Losers." Minnesota Journal of Global Trade. 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157. Winter, 2000. Lexis-Nexis.)

2nc - nuclear shipping

Its predictable – here’s comparative evidence

Adams 14 – Rod Adams is a staff writer for Atomic Insights, (“SUNY Maritime Student Advocates Commercial Nuclear Ship Propulsion”, March 21, 2014, http://atomicinsights.com/suny-maritime-student-advocates-commercial-nuclear-ship-propulsion///nemo)

Adams 14

Aging Adv

Aging Scenario

1AC – Growth Impact

Making growth faster is key to solve war globally AND against Russia and China

Eric Edelman & Hal Brands 17, Hal Brands is senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) and Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Eric Edelman is counselor at CSBA and the Hertog Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at SAIS., 6-21-2017, "America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval," Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/america-and-geopolitics-upheaval

Edelman & Brands 17

1NC

3

CP

Links to South Korea –

CDC 20, 12-2-2020, "South Korea," No Publication, https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/south-korea, DOA 1-16-2021 [Lynbrook AM]

CDC 20

1AC

1AC – Substance

FW

I value morality. Existence precedes essence – we are thrown into the world without inherent meaning, as value is only inherent to the concept of action itself, rather than any particular one.

Sartre 46, Jean-Paul. French Guy Existentialism Is a Humanism. 1946, www.mrsmoser.com/uploads/8/5/0/1/8501319/english_11_ib_-_no_exit_-_existentialism_is_a_humanism_-_sartre.pdf. Bracketed for gender. //AHS PB

Sartre 46,

Agamben K—BEFJR

Link Section—Policy

Immigration L

Extending rights to immigrants strips them of their ability to fight the state of exception – only a lack of identification leaves them invulnerable to expulsion

Ellerman, 2009 - Professor of Political Science at the University of British Colombia (Antje; “Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception”; Presentation; http://www.unc.edu/euce/eusa2009/papers/ellermann_02G.pdf; DOA: 7/16/15 || NDW)

Ellerman, 2009

Agamben K—BEFJR

1nc Impact

Neolib Impact—1nc

The alt is existential resistance—only by affirming life from an ontological standpoint can we reveal our true individuality

Joronen 13 (Mikko, dept of geography and faculty of mathematics and natural sciences, genius, U of Turku, http://www.mediafire.com/view/djj55v7gah3d9ms/Joronen.pdf>

Joronen 13

2AC---NewTrierR2---NilesWestAS

Off

2AC---Neoliberalism K

Legal Immigration is resistance against neoliberalism---people defy borders in search of resources, livelihood and equality.

Lopez 14 – (Edwin Lopez Ph.D Assistant Professor of Sociology @ California State University, Fullerton, Migration as Resistance to Global Capitalism: From Cause to Action in the Migration of Central American Children to the United States Summer 2014, Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2016, accessed 06-26-2018, http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docserver/journals/15691497/16/1-3/15691497_016_01-03_s004_text.pdf?expires=1530040118&id=id&accname=id23458&checksum=1E4F418659812CCB11EDC51BD49A7CF6)

Lopez 14

trade regimes

4. Interdependence peace theory relies on False assumptions

2nc - aquaculture

Cooperation on Aquaculture is best

Nakamura et al 1 - Yasuaki Nakamura, James P. McVey, Ken Leber, Carole Neidig, Sondra Fox and Kim Churchill, Under the U.S. – Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR), Mote Marine Laboratory Center for Fisheries Enhancement, (“ECOLOGY OF AQUACULTURE SPECIES AND ENHANCEMENT OF STOCKS PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTIETH U.S. - Japan MEETING ON AQUACULTURE”, December 3 and 4, 2001, http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/flsgp/flsgpw01004.pdf//nemo

Nakamura et al 1

Policy

1AC—PTD

Applying the doctrine to federal waters and territorial seas embeds it into international law — solves multiple converging crisis in space, seas and Antarctica

Boudreau ’17 — Thomas Boudreau, PhD, Professor, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, USA, Former Private Advisor, Executive Office of the UN Secretary General; (2017; “ARTICLE: THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AS A GLOBAL TRUST: ESTABLISHING PROPORTIONATE STATE RESPONSIBILITY TO MAINTAIN, RESTORE AND SUSTAIN THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Nexis Uni; Environment & Earth Law Journal, Vol. 7; //LFS—JCM)

Boudreau ’17

Environment K Answers

Warming v K

Pragmatism

Pragmatic warming policy is effective and key to prevent extinction

Simpson 10 (Francis, College of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, “Environmental Pragmatism and its Application to Climate Change The Moral Obligations of Developed and Developing Nations to Avert Climate Change as viewed through Technological Pragmatism”, Spring 2010 | Volume 6 | Number 1)

Simpson 10

NC

T

2] Limits – there are hundreds of different lethal autonomous weapons which means speccing explodes neg prep burdens – we cannot conceivably have responses to each subset, but the aff can always frontline why their specific plan doesn’t link to any of our generics – that kills clash which is the internal link to fairness because we can’t win if we can’t engage. It’s uniquely worse on this topic because the resolution is largely a pre-emptive ban which means the aff can literally spec any hypothetical future LAW – kills our ability to engage. Independently, massive caselists harm small school debaters who don’t have prep groups that can churn out disads to every tiny aff that big schools think of. Accessibility is an independent voter cuz it’s a prerequisite to debate.

2

That model of cooperation entrenches environmental genocide of the margins

Klinger 19 [Julie Michelle Klinger is a geographer and Assistant Professor of International Relations at the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University. Environmental Geopolitics and Outer Space]

Klinger 19

Environment K Answers

Impact Turns/D—General

Simulations Good

Simulation and institutional deliberation are valuable and motivate effective responses to climate risks

Marx et al 7 (Sabine M, Center for Research on Environmental Decisions (CRED) @ Columbia University, Elke U. Weber, Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Benjamin S. Orlovea, Department of Environmental Science and Policy @ University of California Davis, Anthony Leiserowitz, Decision Research, David H. Krantz, Department of Psychology @ Columbia University, Carla Roncolia, South East Climate Consortium (SECC), Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering @ University of Georgia and Jennifer Phillips, Bard Centre for Environmental Policy @ Bard College, “Communication and mental processes: Experiential and analytic processing of uncertain climate information”, 2007, http://climate.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Marx_GEC_2007.pdf)

Marx et al 7

Development

1nc – exploitation, not conservation

Ocean development is utilization of ocean resources

Japanese Institute of Navigation, 98 (“Ocean Engineering Research Committee”, http://members.j-navigation.org/e-committee/Ocean.htm) Discussions of "Ocean Engineering" are inseparable from "Ocean Development." What is ocean development? Professor Kiyomitsu Fujii of the University of Tokyo defines ocean development in his book as using oceans for mankind, while preserving the beauty of nature. In the light of its significance and meaning, the term "Ocean Development" is not necessarily a new term. Ocean development is broadly classified into three aspects: (1) Utilization of ocean resources, (2) Utilization of ocean spaces, and (3) Utilization of ocean energy.

Japanese Institute of Navigation, 98

Aff Answers

2ac

2ac-Reps don’t come first

Rep’s first framings put the cart before the horse – instead we should engage material structures of power through the affirmative

Tuathai 1996 (Gearoid tuathail is a professor of Geography @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7))

Tuathai 1996

Democracy Good

Disease Module

Disease Module

Diseases causes extinction

DUJS 09, (Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, “Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate”, http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)

DUJS 09

Affirmative

Liberalism

2ac – liberalism impact defense

Liberal universalism doesn’t explain global violence - their impact is ahistorical

Teschke, 11 - Department of International Relations, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK (Benno, “Fatal attraction: a critique of Carl Schmitt’s international political and legal theory” International Theory (2011), 3:2, 179–227, doi:10.1017/S175297191100011X

Teschke, 11

1AR

Case

1AR recuttings

ALL UQ EV IS AFF

A)

AFF – Felons

AC – v1

The PRI Advantage

COVID exacerbates these challenges – the formerly incarcerated will be the last to get their jobs back

Amang 6/25/20 (Akua, associate director for Criminal Justice Reform at American Progress, she works to advance progressive policy solutions that will ensure a more equitable justice system, while providing protections and opportunities for those who have been directly affected by the criminal justice system. Prior to joining American Progress, Amaning served as the legislative fellow for U.S. Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D-PA), where she worked on a number of legislative and policy matters under the member’s House Judiciary Committee portfolio. She also served as the Nancy Hale Social Policy Fellow at Third Way, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C., where she worked in several issue areas, including immigration and policing reform. Amaning holds a Master of Law from American University’s Washington College of Law and a J.D. from Atlanta’s John Marshall Law School. She is also a proud alumna of the University of Miami, where she graduated with a B.A. in English literature, “Advancing Clean Slate: The Need for Automatic Record Clearance During the Coronavirus Pandemic,” pg online @ https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/criminal-justice/news/2020/06/25/486857/advancing-clean-slate-need-automatic-record-clearance-coronavirus-pandemic/ //um-ef)

Amang 6/25/20

Courts Fail

No Norms

No impact to norm setting --- friendly democracies will selectively ignore bad US norms, and authoritarian nations don’t care either way

John O. McGinnis 7, Professor of Law, Northwestern University School of Law. ** Ilya Somin ** Assistant Professor of Law, George Mason University School of Law. GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: GLOBAL INFLUENCE ON U.S. JURISPRUDENCE: Should International Law Be Part of Our Law? 59 Stan. L. Rev. 1175

McGinnis 7

Deterrence Advantages

1AC Scenario --- Arctic

1AC --- Arctic ADV

EXTINCTION:

Net Benefit---Ag Econ DA

Link

Link---EPA---Small Business

EPA regulation kills small businesses.

Batkins 13 (Sam, director of regulatory policy at AAF, “Small Business Implications Of Greenhouse Gas Regulation”, https://www.americanactionforum.org/research/small-business-implications-of-greenhouse-gas-regulation/)

Batkins 13

Consumption Kritik

links

warming links

Focus on catastrophic warming overlooks the role of technologic organization in driving environmental devastation

Eileen CRIST, Associate Professor of Science and Technology in Society at Virginia Tech University, 2007 [“Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse,” Telos, Volume 141, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Telos Press, p. 33-36]

CRIST, 2007

1AC v1---PTD---BG

PTD

Applying the doctrine to federal waters and territorial seas embeds it into international law — solves multiple converging crisis in space, seas and Antarctica

Boudreau ’17 — Thomas Boudreau, PhD, Professor, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, USA, Former Private Advisor, Executive Office of the UN Secretary General; (2017; “ARTICLE: THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AS A GLOBAL TRUST: ESTABLISHING PROPORTIONATE STATE RESPONSIBILITY TO MAINTAIN, RESTORE AND SUSTAIN THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE”; University of Michigan Libraries, Nexis Uni; Environment & Earth Law Journal, Vol. 7; //LFS—JCM)

Boudreau ’17

Aff --- Capitalism Answers

framework

1ar environment

And, no environment impact

Norberg, 3 (Johan Norberg, Senior Fellow at Cato Institute, “In Defense of Global Capitalism”, p. 223)

Norberg, 3

AFF ANSWERS

A2 Prizes

A2 Prizes Mechanism

Prizes incentivize lack of information sharing

Turell ‘8, CEO of Orcasci

Turell ‘8, CEO of Orcasci

EEZ Mapping Aff

**Navy Extensions**

Navy Key to Heg

That prevents great power war

Brooks et al., 13 – Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, John Ikenberry: Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul; William C. Wohlforth: Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College (Stephen G., “Lean Forward: In Defense of American Engagement”, January/February 2013, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138468/stephen-g-brooks-g-john-ikenberry-and-william-c-wohlforth/lean-forward)

Brooks et al., 13

CPs

States CP

Hawaii Budget Impact---Investment

State spending causes tax hikes and drives away business which turns investor confidence- kills solvency

Peek 11 Liz Peek is a former research analyst on Wall Street, and now writes for Fox News and the Fiscal Times, “State Tax Burdens Slow Recovery, Deter Investment”, 1/20/11, http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Columns/2011/01/19/State-Tax-Burdens-Slow-Recovery-Deter-Investment//OF

Peek 11

1NC

Off

1NC

The structure of capitalism is unsustainable and ensures extinction through environmental destruction and structural violence

Duzgun 20

Duzgun 20

No RVI’s. 1) It’s illogical—If you can win by proving you’re fair then both debaters would win absent T or theory which undermines competition. 2) RVI’s create a chilling effect and deters checks against nontopical affs. 3) RVI’s encourage good tech debaters to be intentionally nontopical so they can win off the RVI.

AFF-Abolitionist Pedagogy

AFF Answers

2AC-Capitalism-Perm

Perm solves- a rejection of Capitalism is inherent to the affs criticism of educational enclosures

Sojoyner 16 (Damien M., Assistant Professor Ph.D. @ University of Texas at Austin, “First Strike: Eductional Enclosures in Black Los Angeles, 1, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/35c207gv) JW

Sojoyner 16

1NR

K

2NC/1NR – Link – Race

They see racial profiling as a certain instance that they solve rather than the structure.

1AC Ferguson, 18

1AC Ferguson, 18

AFF – MHC

Solvency

The precautionary principle demands a complete and preemptive ban – anything else creates insufficient moral stigma

Goose, 15 – (Stephen, Director of Human Rights Watch's Arms Division, “The Case for Banning Killer Robots” Viewpoints, Vol 58. No. 12., DOI:10.1145/2835963)//usc-br/

Goose, 15

DAs

Environment DA

AT BioD Impact

No impact to the environment

Brook, Adelaide professor, 2013 (Barry, “Worrying about global tipping points distracts from real planetary threats”, 3-4, http://bravenewclimate.com/2013/03/04/ecological-tipping-points/)

Brook, Adelaide professor, 2013

IOOS- Sam

Aff

Extra Sea Power Stuff

US sea power is key to US leadership—allows for the functioning of the global system

Gerson and Russell 11(Michael and Allison Lawler, Michael Gerson is a nationally syndicated columnist who appears twice weekly in the Washington Post. Michael Gerson is the Hastert Fellow at the J. Dennis Hastert Center for Economics, Government, and Public Policy at Wheaton College in Illinois., Russell is also an assistant professor of Political Science and International Studies at Merrimack College in North Andover, Massachusetts. Russell holds a Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, an M.A. in International Relations from American University in Washington, D.C., and a B.A. in Political Science from Boston College., American Grand Strategy and Sea Power, https://cna.org/sites/default/files/research/American%20Grand%20Strategy%20and%20Seapower%202011%20Conference%20Report%20CNA.pdf)

Gerson and Russell 11

2

LAWs prevent civilian casualties – five internal links (in the card)

destroying old projectiles

CNDI 2018 -- Courts CP

Solvency

Solvency - Constitutional Review

Courts are shifting from plenary power to viewing immigration as an issue of immigrant rights – allows them to govern restrictions on immigration.

Hunt ’01 (Valerie F. - Visiting Fellow, Center for Comparative Immigration Studies University of Washington. “When Institutional Boundaries Meet New Political Ideas: Courts, Congress and U.S. Immigration Policy Reform.” The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies CCIS University of California, San Diego. Working Paper 38. May 2001. https://ccis.ucsd.edu/_files/wp38.pdf)-JN

Hunt ’01

AC – v1

The PRI Advantage

COVID exacerbates these challenges – the formerly incarcerated will be the last to get their jobs back

Amang 6/25/20 (Akua, associate director for Criminal Justice Reform at American Progress, she works to advance progressive policy solutions that will ensure a more equitable justice system, while providing protections and opportunities for those who have been directly affected by the criminal justice system. Prior to joining American Progress, Amaning served as the legislative fellow for U.S. Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D-PA), where she worked on a number of legislative and policy matters under the member’s House Judiciary Committee portfolio. She also served as the Nancy Hale Social Policy Fellow at Third Way, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C., where she worked in several issue areas, including immigration and policing reform. Amaning holds a Master of Law from American University’s Washington College of Law and a J.D. from Atlanta’s John Marshall Law School. She is also a proud alumna of the University of Miami, where she graduated with a B.A. in English literature, “Advancing Clean Slate: The Need for Automatic Record Clearance During the Coronavirus Pandemic,” pg online @ https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/criminal-justice/news/2020/06/25/486857/advancing-clean-slate-need-automatic-record-clearance-coronavirus-pandemic/ //um-ef)

Amang 6/25/20

1

2

Egyptian repression and prison radicalization are fueling ISIS

HRF, 17 [Human Rights First, "How to Protect Civil Society and Promote Stability in Egypt," August 2017, www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Egypt-Report-July.pdf, accessed 12-7-18]

HRF, 17

EEZ Mapping Aff

**Add-ons**

Methane Hydrates Add-on

Increased U.S. OCS mapping facilitates greater methane hydrate production

Hobson, 2013 (Margaret K. Hobson, Energy Wire Correspondent, "Methane Hydrates: U.S. reports huge potential for 'fire in the ice' as Japan hurries to production", Energy Wire, 03/19/2013, www.eenews.net/energywire/stories/1059978042)

Hobson, 2013

FJG dismantles the social safety net. It reifies the neoliberal view that social support must be earned by the lazy rabble.

Standing 18 (Guy Standing -- Fellow of the UK Academy of Social Sciences & Professorial Research Associate @ School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London, “Guy Standing – Why a Job Guarantee is a bad joke for the precariat – and for freedom”, https://braveneweurope.com/guy-standing-why-a-job-guarantee-is-a-bad-joke-for-the-precariat-and-for-freedom, 12 September 2018, EmmieeM) – Recut by AT

Standing 18

Case

COVID exacerbates these challenges – the formerly incarcerated will be the last to get their jobs back

Amang 6/25/20 (Akua, associate director for Criminal Justice Reform at American Progress, she works to advance progressive policy solutions that will ensure a more equitable justice system, while providing protections and opportunities for those who have been directly affected by the criminal justice system. Prior to joining American Progress, Amaning served as the legislative fellow for U.S. Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D-PA), where she worked on a number of legislative and policy matters under the member’s House Judiciary Committee portfolio. She also served as the Nancy Hale Social Policy Fellow at Third Way, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C., where she worked in several issue areas, including immigration and policing reform. Amaning holds a Master of Law from American University’s Washington College of Law and a J.D. from Atlanta’s John Marshall Law School. She is also a proud alumna of the University of Miami, where she graduated with a B.A. in English literature, “Advancing Clean Slate: The Need for Automatic Record Clearance During the Coronavirus Pandemic,” pg online @ https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/criminal-justice/news/2020/06/25/486857/advancing-clean-slate-need-automatic-record-clearance-coronavirus-pandemic/ //um-ef)

Amang 6/25/20

FJG dismantles the social safety net. It reifies the neoliberal view that social support must be earned by the lazy rabble.

Standing 18 (Guy Standing -- Fellow of the UK Academy of Social Sciences & Professorial Research Associate @ School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London, “Guy Standing – Why a Job Guarantee is a bad joke for the precariat – and for freedom”, https://braveneweurope.com/guy-standing-why-a-job-guarantee-is-a-bad-joke-for-the-precariat-and-for-freedom, 12 September 2018, EmmieeM) – Recut by AT

Standing 18 – Recut by AT

Saudi Relations DA

**1NC**

US-Saudi relations key to combat terrorism – Saudi Arabia is a unique and capable ally.

Dr. Saad Alsubaie is a Faculty Member at CGSC-MNG and Distinguished International Security Fellow at the National Council on US-Arab Relations, Washington DC. March 21 2018 The US-Saudi relations: New challenges and opportunities https://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2018/03/21/The-US-Saudi-relations-New-challenges-and-opportunities.html

Alsubaie 2018

1AC

Plan

The United States should legalize nearly all online gambling in the United States.

1AR

K

1AR – Link

Settler decolonization’s zero-sum logic destroys the potential of contingent legal reforms and dehistoricizes Indigenous agency

Busbridge 18 [Rachel, Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018]

Busbridge 18

JYK AC

The PRI Advantage

COVID exacerbates these challenges – the formerly incarcerated will be the last to get their jobs back

Amang 6/25/20 (Akua, associate director for Criminal Justice Reform at American Progress, she works to advance progressive policy solutions that will ensure a more equitable justice system, while providing protections and opportunities for those who have been directly affected by the criminal justice system. Prior to joining American Progress, Amaning served as the legislative fellow for U.S. Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon (D-PA), where she worked on a number of legislative and policy matters under the member’s House Judiciary Committee portfolio. She also served as the Nancy Hale Social Policy Fellow at Third Way, a nonprofit think tank in Washington, D.C., where she worked in several issue areas, including immigration and policing reform. Amaning holds a Master of Law from American University’s Washington College of Law and a J.D. from Atlanta’s John Marshall Law School. She is also a proud alumna of the University of Miami, where she graduated with a B.A. in English literature, “Advancing Clean Slate: The Need for Automatic Record Clearance During the Coronavirus Pandemic,” pg online @ https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/criminal-justice/news/2020/06/25/486857/advancing-clean-slate-need-automatic-record-clearance-coronavirus-pandemic/ //um-ef)

Amang 6/25/20

Autonomous Crimes

Alignment

1NC – No Natural !

No natural ex risk

Ord 20 [Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, “The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity,” 2020, Hachette Books, EA]

Ord 20

NC

FJG dismantles the social safety net. It reifies the neoliberal view that social support must be earned by the lazy rabble.

Standing 18 (Guy Standing -- Fellow of the UK Academy of Social Sciences & Professorial Research Associate @ School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London, “Guy Standing – Why a Job Guarantee is a bad joke for the precariat – and for freedom”, https://braveneweurope.com/guy-standing-why-a-job-guarantee-is-a-bad-joke-for-the-precariat-and-for-freedom, 12 September 2018, EmmieeM) – Recut by AT

Standing 18

Autonomous Crimes

Auto Crimes

Cyber ! – EXT UQ

7 – Straightjacketing checks.

Valeriano and Maness, 15 – Senior Lecturer, University of Glasgow [Brandon and Ryan, "Cyber War Versus Cyber Realities," Oxford Scholarship Online, May 2015, https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190204792.001.0001/acprof-9780190204792-chapter-3, accessed 4-27-2022]

Valeriano and Maness, 15

2AC

Impeachment

Say Yes---Quote

he’ll never perceive a credible threat because he’s deluded himself

AP 11-22 – Associated Press, 11/22/19, “Trump doesn't think he'll be impeached, continues to push 'Ukraine server' conspiracy,” https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/trump-crowdstrike-ukraine-1.5369812

AP 11-22

Counterplans

User Fees

1NC Commercialization CP

Observation Two: Net Benefits-The CP solves the case avoids spending related arguments-Creating a system of user fees incentivizes commercialization

Woll-OCEANS Conference-9

Woll-OCEANS Conference-9

Topicality

Development

1AR – T-Development – We Meet

Leases allow the government to retain ownership over development rights of the ocean

Rondinelli 3 (Dennis A. Rondinelli, faculty member with the Duke University Center for International Development at the Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, PhD at Cornell University in 1969 and his BA from Rutgers University in 1965, “PARTNERING FOR DEVELOPMENT: GOVERNMENT-PRIVATE SECTOR COOPERATION IN SERVICE PROVISION,” page 9, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan006231.pdf, accessed 7/15/14)

Rondinelli 3

The precautionary principle demands a complete and preemptive ban – anything else creates insufficient moral stigma

Goose, 15 – (Stephen, Director of Human Rights Watch's Arms Division, “The Case for Banning Killer Robots” Viewpoints, Vol 58. No. 12., DOI:10.1145/2835963)//usc-br/

Goose, 15 /

JYK AC

Advantage 3

Solvency

The precautionary principle demands a complete and preemptive ban – anything else creates insufficient moral stigma

Goose, 15 – (Stephen, Director of Human Rights Watch's Arms Division, “The Case for Banning Killer Robots” Viewpoints, Vol 58. No. 12., DOI:10.1145/2835963)//usc-br/

Goose, 15 /

**Biodiversity

CO2 GOOD (AG DA)

No Impact-Coral Reefs

Coral Reef’s Resilient as long as there is some Biodiversity—how much doesn’t matter

Grimsditch and Salm 06 (Gabriel D Grimsditch holds the post of Programme Officer for oceans and climate change for the UNEP Marine and Coastal Ecosystems Branch in Nairobi, Kenya. Before joining UNEP, Gabriel worked for the IUCN Global Marine Programme where he coordinated the IUCN Climate Change and Coral Reefs Working Group. Rod Salm has his dissertation in marine ecology. He has 35 years experience in international marine conservation and ecotourism. 2006. Coral Reef Resilience and Resistance to Bleaching from The World Conservation Union. http://icriforum.org/sites/default/files/2006-042.pdf July 6, 2014)

Grimsditch and Salm 06

Counterplans

Advantage CPs

1AR – Land CP – No Production – Gas

Gas production on federal lands is declining

Bastasch 13 [Michael, Research Associate – Cascade Policy Institute, “Interior Secretary Ken Salazar to leave Obama administration in March,” Daily Caller, 01/16/13, http://dailycaller.com/2013/01/16/interior-secretary-ken-salazar-to-leave-obama-administration-in-march/#ixzz2K2gztFOI, 07/26/14]

Bastasch 13

1ac

1AC—V1

2

Empirics aren’t predictive---future demand gaps will be worse, making inefficient sharing institutions untenable

Peter Engelke & Russell Sticklor 15, Engelke is a Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.; Sticklor is a Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program in Washington, DC., “Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?,” National Interest, 9-15-2015, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842 We live in an age of great anxiety about threats to global peace and stability. Among these are worries that intense water-related stresses, now showing up in regions around the world, may become all-too-common sources of conflict. Just as often, however, concerns about water wars are dismissed as much ado about nothing. An influential school of thought has long contended future international conflicts will not be fought over this resource. Water, it says, is of such elemental importance to human existence that even long-time adversaries will be forced to accommodate one another’s needs in a water-scarce future. As water is too expensive to transport over long distances, moreover, it is very difficult to steal or plunder. And history gives some comfort to this forecast: as few wars have been fought specifically over water, it is highly unlikely humanity will start engaging in water conflicts now. Or so the thinking goes.

Engelke & Sticklor 15, Engelke is a Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.; Sticklor is a Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program in Washington, DC., “Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?,” National Interest, 9-15-2015, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842

1NC—K

Their dichotomies between black men and women leave black trans people subject to the formulative violence of superhumanism – black Trans bodies never existed in the first place – they alienate all other queers.

Hayward, Eva S, PhD in History of Consciousness @ UC Santa Cruz. "Don’t Exist." TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 4, no. 2 (May 2017): 191-93. Accessed July 24, 2017. doi: 10.1215/23289252-3814985.

Hayward PhD 17

Specific Counterplans

Saudi HR Conditions CP

2nc conditions CP – AT: 1ac Miller

Their evidence concedes past US conditions have worked to persuade Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt to comply with US pressure

1AC Miller ‘5/10 (Andrew; reporter for War on the Rocks; 5-10-2019; "The Case for Arms Embargoes Against Uncooperative Partners"; War on the Rocks; https://warontherocks.com/2019/05/the-case-for-arms-embargoes-against-uncooperative-partners/; Accessed 6-24-2019; Recut-AH)

1AC Miller ‘5/10

RW 1AC-NU-9-17-22

1AC

Animal personhood requires the humanization of animals and is rooted in a system that entrenches the violence of masculine, western colonialism

Deckha 21 - Professor and Lansdowne Chair in Law, University of Victoria [Maneesha Deckha, Professor and Lansdowne Chair in Law, University of Victoria. “Animals as legal beings: Contesting anthropocentric legal orders”. University of Toronto Press 2021. Table omitted accessed 8-10-22]

Deckha 21

CNDI 2018 – H1B Visas Affirmative

1AC

1AC---Adv---Labor

Even slow growth causes extinction

Eric Edelman & Hal Brands 17, Hal Brands is senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) and Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Eric Edelman is counselor at CSBA and the Hertog Distinguished Practitioner in Residence at SAIS., 6-21-2017, "America and the Geopolitics of Upheaval," Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicyi.org/content/america-and-geopolitics-upheaval

Edelman & Brands 17

AT: CASE

Oil Dependence Good

Heg

Hegemony solves great power wars- retrenchment intensifies Middle East conflicts

Ikenberry et. al, 13 – John Ikenberry, Ph. D in Political Science from Chicago, Professor of Politics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institute, Co-Director of Princeton’s Center for International Security Studies; William Wohlforth, Ph. D in Political Science from Yale, Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College; Stephen Brooks, Ph. D in Political Science from Yale, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University; “Don’t Come Home, America: The Case Against Retrenchment”, http://live.belfercenter.org/files/IS3703_Brooks%20Wohlforth%20Ikenberry.pdf

Ikenberry et. al, 13 – John Ikenberry, Ph. D in Political Science from Chicago, Professor of Politics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institute, Co-Director of Princeton’s Center for International Security Studies; William Wohlforth, Ph. D in Political Science from Yale, Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College; Stephen Brooks, Ph. D in Political Science from Yale, Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College, Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University; “Don’t Come Home, America: The Case Against Retrenchment”, http://live.belfercenter.org/files/IS3703_Brooks%20Wohlforth%20Ikenberry.pdf

DIB DA

2NC/INR- link xt

Arms sales promote the DIB

BPMA 5/21 – Bureau of Political Military Affairs, US DOS agency that bridges that DOD and DOS and responsible for providing policy recommendations on foreign military conduct. “U.S. Arms Sales and Defense Trade,” https://www.state.gov/u-s-arms-sales-and-defense-trade/

BPMA 5/21

2. Tradeoff DA

FJG dismantles the social safety net. It reifies the neoliberal view that social support must be earned by the lazy rabble.

Standing 18 (Guy Standing -- Fellow of the UK Academy of Social Sciences & Professorial Research Associate @ School of Oriental and African Studies @ University of London, “Guy Standing – Why a Job Guarantee is a bad joke for the precariat – and for freedom”, https://braveneweurope.com/guy-standing-why-a-job-guarantee-is-a-bad-joke-for-the-precariat-and-for-freedom, 12 September 2018, EmmieeM) – Recut by AT

Standing 18