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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cheti Chand'
Cheti Chand (Moon of Chaitra) is a | Cheti Chand (Moon of Chaitra) is a festival that marks the beginning of the Lunar Hindu New Year for Sindhi Hindus. The date of the festival is based on the lunar cycle of the lunisolar Hindu calendar, falling on the first day of the year, in the Sindhi month of Chet (Chaitra). It typically falls in late March or early April in the Gregorian calendar on or about the same day as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra and Ugadi in other parts of the Deccan region of India. Overview
The festival marks the arrival of spring and harvest, but in the Sindhi community, it also marks the birth of Uderolal in 1007, after they prayed to the Hindu god Varun Dev on the banks of River Indus to save them from the persecution by the tyrannical Muslim ruler Mirkhshah. Varun Dev morphed into a warrior and old man who preached and reprimanded Mirkhshah that Muslims and Hindus deserve the same religious freedoms. He, as Jhulelal, became the champion of the people in Sindh, from both religions. Among his Sufi Muslim followers, Jhulelal is known as "Khwaja Khizir" or "Zindapir". The Hindu Sindhi, according to this legend, celebrate the new year as Uderolal's birthday. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.645103 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Madura cattle'
Madura cattle or Madurese cattle are | Madura cattle or Madurese cattle are a type of cattle indigenous to the island of Madura, Indonesia. The breed is believed to have originated from the island's mountainous regions.
Madura cattle are a small, hardy breed that are well-suited for rugged terrain and are used for their meat and milk. They are also used for their hides, which are prized for their soft, supple texture. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.276733 | [
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If we have timezones, are objects in the same time zone still affected by differences in time if they are far enough away? An extremely arbitrary example would be 2 clocks being a kilometer away from each other technically being 10 seconds apart. Explain like I' m five. | No, time zones are used to keep track of time in different parts of the world, and they don't affect objects that are close to each other. Clocks that are a kilometer apart will still show the same time as long as they are set to the same time zone. Time zones are based on the Earth's rotation, which means that the time in a particular time zone is based on the position of the sun in the sky. So, even if two clocks are a kilometer apart, they will still be affected by the same time zone and will show the same time as long as they are set to the same time zone. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 3.813431 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gondola lift'
A gondola lift is a means of | A gondola lift is a means of transporting passengers and goods up or down a mountain using a cable system. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.040022 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Insecticidal soap'
Insecticidal soap is used to control many | Insecticidal soap is used to control many kinds of insects. It is made from a soap-like substance combined with a poison. The soap kills the insects by causing their skin to become very dry and irritable. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.931729 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Robert B. Pamplin'
Robert Boisseau Pamplin (November 25, 1911 – | Robert Boisseau Pamplin (November 25, 1911 – June 24, 2009) was an American businessman and later philanthropist. A native of Virginia, he rose through the ranks of Georgia-Pacific where he later served as president and chairman of the board. He helped relocate the company to Portland, Oregon, where he retired and resided until his death. Early life
He was born on a small family farm in Dinwiddie County, Virginia to Pauline Beville and John Robert Pamplin, attended Midway High School in Dinwiddie County, and in the Fall of 1929 began attending Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). While at VPI, he was enrolled in the Corps of Cadets. He graduated from VPI with a B.S. degree in Business Administration in 1933 and spent one year in graduate school studying business administration at Northwestern University. He married Mary Katherine Reese on June 15, 1940 in Augusta, Georgia. They had one son, Robert B. Pamplin Jr., born on September 3, 1941 in Augusta. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.410028 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dàna'
Dàna, which means "bold" or "imprudent" in | Dàna, which means "bold" or "imprudent" in Tibetan, is a term used in Buddhist Tantric Buddhism to describe an act or practice which is not in accordance with the precepts of the vinaya.
Dàna is a practice that can be undertaken by lay people or monks and can involve sexual activity, bodily secretions, or gestures. It can also refer to performing austerities such as fasting, walking long distances, or reciting mantras. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.525887 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Herbert Berman'
Herbert Berman (August 19, 1933 – July | Herbert Berman (August 19, 1933 – July 6, 2014) was a politician in New York City. He served as a City Councilman from Brooklyn and was the chairman of the
Council Finance Committee for several years. Because of term limits prohibiting Berman from seeking reelection in 2001 to the Council, he sought the Democratic nomination for New York City Comptroller. He lost the Democratic nomination to former Board of Education President William C. Thompson, Jr. and was the nominee of the Liberal Party in the general election, which was also won by Thompson. Berman then briefly served as Governor George Pataki's liaison to the Jewish community and was then appointed by Gov. George Pataki as president of the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation, which runs the affairs of Roosevelt Island. Berman served in this position from 2003 to 2007. He died on July 6, 2014, from a long illness at the age of 80. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.662745 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Darko Lukić'
Darko Lukić (born September 8, 1962) | Darko Lukić (born September 8, 1962) is a Croatian theatre scholar, writer, cultural theorist and playwright living and working in Germany. As an expert in multi-disciplinary expert pool for capacity building for European Capitals of Culture worked at audience development program ADESTE+. and Rijeka, European capital of Culture 2020. Lukić also publishes scientific papers and participates in international conferences and seminars and translates from English and Spanish language. He is the member of Programme Board of Maribor 2012, European Capital of Culture 2012. He was a member of the European jury of theatrologists for “Premio Europa per il teatro” award (2009), member of the jury for “Marko Fotez” theatre award of HAZU (Croatian Academy of Science and Arts (2008), president of the Board of Gavella Theatre (2007-2011), editor in Hrvatsko glumište (Croatian Theatre) magazine HDDU (2007-2009), artistic advisor of HAVC, Hrvatski audiovizualni centar (Croatian Audiovisual Centre) (2008-2011), artistic advisor of Ministry of Culture - Ministarstvo kulture RH and HRT (Croatian Radio – Television) for film (2006-2008), member of the Cultural Council for Performing Arts of Croatian Ministry of Culture (2001- 2004), president of the Theatre Committee of the City of Zagreb (2002-2004), member of the Council for International Cultural Cooperation of the City of Zagreb (2005-2007), and President of the Cultural Council for International Cooperation Ministry of Culture - Ministarstvo kulture RH (2013-2016), and member of Croatian centre of PEN International, member of IETM, CAE, ENCATC, Memory Studies Association, IFTR and EASTAP. His areas of research, beside Audience development, are remembrance and trauma in theater and applied theater. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.149189 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Magnetolithography'
Magnetolithography (ML) is a photoresist-less and photomaskless | Magnetolithography (ML) is a photoresist-less and photomaskless lithography method for patterning wafer surfaces. ML based on applying a magnetic field on the substrate using paramagnetic metal masks named "magnetic mask" placed on either topside or backside of the wafer. Magnetic masks are analogous to a photomask in photolithography, in that they define the spatial distribution and shape of the applied magnetic field. The fabrication of the magnetic masks involves the use of conventional photolithography and photoresist however. The second component of the process is ferromagnetic nanoparticles (analogous to the photoresist in photolithography, e.g. cobalt nanoparticles) that are assembled over the substrate according to the field induced by the mask which blocks its areas from reach of etchants or depositing materials (e.g. dopants or metallic layers). ML can be used for applying either a positive or negative approach. In the positive approach, the magnetic nanoparticles react chemically or interact via chemical recognition with the substrate. Hence, the magnetic nanoparticles are immobilized at selected locations, where the mask induces a magnetic field, resulting in a patterned substrate. In the negative approach, the magnetic nanoparticles are inert to the substrate. Hence, once they pattern the substrate, they block their binding site on the substrate from reacting with another reacting agent. After the adsorption of the reacting agent, the nanoparticles are removed, resulting in a negatively patterned substrate. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.636049 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cuspy halo problem'
The cuspy halo problem (also known as | The cuspy halo problem (also known as the core-cusp problem) refers to a discrepancy between the inferred dark matter density profiles of low-mass galaxies and the density profiles predicted by cosmological N-body simulations. Nearly all simulations form dark matter halos which have "cuspy" dark matter distributions, with density increasing steeply at small radii, while the rotation curves of most observed dwarf galaxies suggest that they have flat central dark matter density profiles ("cores"). Several possible solutions to the core-cusp problem have been proposed. Many recent studies have shown that including baryonic feedback (particularly feedback from supernovae and active galactic nuclei) can "flatten out" the core of a galaxy's dark matter profile, since feedback-driven gas outflows produce a time-varying gravitational potential that transfers energy to the orbits of the collisionless dark matter particles. Other works have shown that the core-cusp problem can be solved outside of the most widely accepted Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm: simulations with warm or self-interacting dark matter also produce dark matter cores in low-mass galaxies. It is also possible that the distribution of dark matter that minimizes the system energy has a flat central dark matter density profile. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.115765 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'A Japanese Tragedy'
, also known as Tragedy of Japan, | , also known as Tragedy of Japan, is a 1953 Japanese drama film written and directed by Keisuke Kinoshita. The film tells the story of a mother who has to raise two children during and after World War II, but whose children reject her. Kinoshita interspersed newsreel footage within the film in an attempt to relate the story of the film to the wider context of Japan's post-war difficulties. Plot
War widow Haruke, mother of two children, gets involved in prostitution during and after the Second World War to raise money for the family and secure the children a proper education. Her son Seiichi and daughter Utako, sharing a flat of their own, are embarrassed by their mother's activities and reluctant to her visits. Eager to cut ties with his past and poor upbringing, Seiichi, a medical student, aims at being adopted by an upper-class family. His sister Utako studies dressmaking and attends an English language school, engaging with her married teacher. Eventually, Seiichi's plan fulfils, while Utako, who claims that she can't lead a normal relationship after being raped by a cousin as a child, evokes a marital crisis. When Haruke finally realises that she has lost both her children, she commits suicide. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.61668 | [
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Why are there only 26 letters in the alphabet? Is it possible to "create" a new letter, or does our alphabet cover all of the sounds we know how to make? Please explain like I' m five. | The alphabet we use today has 26 letters because it comes from the ancient Romans, who used the Latin alphabet. The Romans had only 23 letters in their alphabet, but they eventually added three more letters to represent sounds that didn't exist in Latin: J, U, and W.Our alphabet covers most of the sounds that we use in the English language, but it's not perfect. There are a few sounds that we make that don't have a letter all to themselves. For example, the "th" sound in the word "think" is made by two letters, T and H.It is possible to "create" new letters, but it's not easy. The alphabet is a system that we use to write words, and if we add new letters, it can be confusing for people who are used to the old way of writing. However, some languages do have more than 26 letters in their alphabet. For example, the Hawaiian alphabet has 13 letters, and the Cherokee alphabet has 85 letters. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.666222 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Basque Dub Foundation'
Basque Dub Foundation, more often known as | Basque Dub Foundation, more often known as BDFA, is a non-profit organisation based in the Basque Country, Spain, whose aim is the preservation and promotion of Basque dub music, especially as it relates to the Basque film and video culture.
Basque dub music is a genre of electronic music that originated in the Basque Country in the 1970s. It is characterised by its use of dubbing techniques to produce a "lo-fi" sound. Dubbing is typically used to reproduce the bass frequencies that are lost when recordings are made in a studio with an acoustic instrument or vocalist. Basque dub music has been described as "an important part of [Basque] culture and identity" and has been influential on electronic and indie genres across Europe.
BDFA was founded in 1997 by Basque dub artist Iñaki Errejón and film critic Aitor Zabala. The organisation's first project was the compilation album "Dublab", which featured contributions from renowned Basque dub artists such asTxiki Begiristain, Koldo Mitxelena, and Mikel Aretxabaleta. BDFA has since released several further compilations and albums, including "Dublab 2", "Basque Dub Foundation vol. 1", and "Basque Dub Foundation vol. 2". BDFA also organise periodic dub nights featuring local and international artists, and provides educational resources about Basque dub music and culture to students throughout the Basque Country. | wiki-intro | 1 | 15.285933 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Audrey Kawasaki'
Audrey Kawasaki (born March 31, 1982 in | Audrey Kawasaki (born March 31, 1982 in Los Angeles, California) is a Los Angeles-based painter, known for her distinctive, erotically charged portrayals of young, adolescent women. Her works are oil paintings painted directly onto wood panels, and her style has been described as a fusion of Art Nouveau and Japanese manga, with primary influences like Gustav Klimt and Alphonse Mucha, saying “The merging of realistically molded faces and bodies against the contrast of flat lines and patterns is so stimulating to me.” Kawasaki studied fine art painting for two years at the Pratt Institute in New York City, but left after two years without completing her degree. She has reported that several of her professors suggested that she should stay away from her particular style of painting nudes. She cites the emphasis in the New York art scene on conceptual art, an approach at odds with her figurative, illustrative style, as among the reasons she left. As of 2006, Kawasaki was considered a rising star in the Los Angeles art scene. In 2005, Kawasaki designed the cover art for Alice Smith's For Lovers, Dreamers & Me. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.416069 | [
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Audio Bit Depth (16 bit, 24 bit, etc.) I'm having trouble understanding the difference between recording in 16 bit or 24 bit and what that means for me and my music. Please explain like I' m five. | Bit depth refers to the number of bits used to represent the amplitude (loudness) of a audio signal at a given point in time. The higher the bit depth, the more accurately the signal can be represented, which can result in a higher quality audio recording.
A bit depth of 16 bits means that there are 16 bits available to represent the amplitude of the audio signal at each point in time. This allows for a total of 65,536 possible amplitude values, which is a relatively fine level of resolution.
A bit depth of 24 bits means that there are 24 bits available to represent the amplitude of the audio signal at each point in time. This allows for a total of 16,777,216 possible amplitude values, which is a much finer level of resolution than 16 bits.
In general, recordings made at a higher bit depth will have a higher quality and more dynamic range (the difference between the loudest and quietest parts of the recording). However, it's important to note that the benefits of higher bit depths may not be audible to most listeners, especially if the recording is played back on equipment with a lower bit depth or quality. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 8.226618 | [
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Why and how dogs sniff around for the correct spot to do their business. Always wondered how my dog selects the right place to do her business and why it takes so long for her to find a spot... Explain like I' m five. | So your both contradicting eachother who's right here? Probably finding the right scent, If going outdoors, most likely will smell out another dogs sent and then mask it with his, its a territory dog thing. Looking for a scent free area which they can lay claim to with their own piddle | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 191.026703 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Georgy Beregovoy'
Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (, ; 15 April | Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (, ; 15 April 1921 – 30 June 1995) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968. At the time of his flight, Beregovoy was 47 years of age: he was the earliest-born human to go to orbit, being born three months and three days earlier than the second earliest-born man in orbit – John Glenn, but later than X-15 pilot Joe Walker who made 2 (or 3, according to USAF definition) suborbital space flights. Background
Beregovoy was born on April 15, 1921, in Fedorivka, Poltava Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (now Ukraine). His father worked as a telegraph operator on the railways. He had two older brothers; the eldest, Viktor, also became a pilot and the younger, Mikhail, an officer in the Soviet Air Defence Forces. Viktor was caught in the Great Purge of the late 1930s, and was arrested and executed in 1938. He was subsequently rehabilitated. Georgy graduated from a school in 1938 at Yenakieve, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. He joined the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) in 1941, and was soon assigned to a ground-attack unit flying the Ilyushin Il-2 "Shturmovik". He flew some 185 combat sorties during the course of World War II and rose quickly through the ranks, finishing the war as a captain and squadron commander. His corps commander was then-colonel Nikolai Kamanin, a celebrated polar aviator and a future head of the cosmonaut training in the Soviet space program, which would turn important later. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.83181 | [
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Why does the stock market exist, and why is it such a big deal in our economy? Woah, first page. Didn't expect that. o. O Explain like I' m five. | Well, before explaining the stock market, we need to understand stocks. Thankfully, it's not that hard. To start a corporation, a group of people each put in the initial money. Each of these persons gets a number of stock shares proportional to the amount of money they put in. Owning shares of the corporation means that if and when the corporation pays out some of its profits (if there are ever any; this is not guaranteed!), the shareholder will receive some of it, in proportion to the number of shares they own. Now, stock is also * transferable *. It means that if you own stock in one corporation, you're not stuck with it forever; you may give it to other people in exchange for money, as a gift, or your children may inherit it. When this happens, the corporation is notified that the number of shares in question changed ownership, and they write it down in their records. Anytime the corporation pays out some of its profits to its shareholders, it uses these records to determine who to pay and how much. Now, the stock market is just a set of financial institutions to make it easy for people to buy and sell stock. Why is this so valuable? Because the existence of the stock market makes it easier to find people willing to invest money to start corporations. If there was no stock market, and you gave some money to start a company, you'd be stuck with that investment forever; if you had an unexpected family emergency you'd have no way to get any of that money back quickly, so you'd be very unwilling to invest your money that way unless you were very, very rich and could spare it. If there is a stock market, however, and the stock may be sold freely and easily in it, then that lowers the bar a lot, and people who would otherwise find it too risky to invest into a corporation are now able to. It's still risky, because the corporation may lose money, but you have much better chances of being able to get some of your money back for an emergency. Companies have to have owners. For smaller companies this is usually one person or a group of people. These are called private companies. When companies start to get really big the owners decide to sell stock in their company. Each stock represents a small part of the company and anyone who owns stock actually owns a small part of the company. These companies are known as public companies. Because these public companies are so big and complicated, they register with a stock market to regulate how shares are bought and sold. Since all the big companies are public they have a big impact on the economy. The following answers are paraphrased from the standard textbook, * Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions *. These answers are more concise, complete, and authoritative than others. * * Main answer: * * The * * stock market * * serves three primary purposes. * * First, * * it determines the current price of a given asset based on the interactions of buyers and sellers of that asset. This is called the * price discovery process *. * * Second, * * financial markets provide a mechanism for an investor to sell an asset, without having to search at the local pub for a buyer. This is called * liquidity *. * * Third, * * financial markets reduce the cost of such transactions by reducing * search costs * and * information costs *. Search costs are the price in advertising, time, etc. that would be needed to find assets, buyers, and sellers without an established market. Information costs are the price of research that would be needed to establish the value of a financial asset if there was no market to determine it. To answer the second part of your question, "why is it such a big deal," you have to think about the purpose of financial assets. (Note: financial assets like stocks could, in theory, exist without a centralized stock market, but your question was about the "stock market," which is why I handled it first.) So... * * Financial assets, * * such as stocks and bonds, have * two main functions. * * * First, * * they enable the transfer of funds from those who have surplus cash they wish to invest to those who need funds to invest in tangible assets. A * tangible asset *, unlike a financial asset, is tangible-- like, for instance, the tables you've got to buy before opening a restaurant. * * Second, * * financial assets * redistribute the risk * associated with the cash flow generated by tangible assets (like the stuff inside a restaurant or factory). For example, if my life savings is $200, 000, and I need that much to open a new business, I might prefer to sell a 50 % ownership of the business for $100, 000 instead of investing every penny I have-- so that I won't be broke if the business fails. This is a redistribution of risk. Or if I own a restaurant but am worried that I'll go broke if the restaurant burns down, then I buy fire insurance-- another redistribution of risk. Finally, what determines the * * price * * of a stock or bond? Per above, its settled by market consensus, but the price does reflect something real. It reflects the * present value of the expected future cash flow * to which that financial asset entitles you. A * bond *, for instance, is a loan: you are entitled to be repaid the value of the loan plus interest. A * stock *, meanwhile, is partial ownership of a company: you are entitled to the earnings of the company, in the form of dividends and an increase in the company's value. In both cases, there is some risk that the * issuer*--the company (or government) that sold you the asset-- will not meet the expectations. That's why the price of a financial asset is the current value of the * expected * future cash flow. If there's a big probability that the company will go belly-up, that risk is built into the expectation of future cash flow and thus built into the price. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 16.122826 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pegaret Anthony'
Pegaret Anthony née Keeling (1 November 1915 | Pegaret Anthony née Keeling (1 November 1915 – 5 December 2000) was an English actress.
Keeling was born in London, the daughter of a Welsh-born doctor, Huw Keeling, and his English wife, Violet (née Wright). She attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) from 1933 to 1936.
Her earliest stage work was with the Old Vic Company, appearing in productions such as "The Importance of Being Earnest" (1936), "The Mousetrap" (1938), and "The Lady's Not for Burning" (1941). She also played Lavinia Modjeska in the original 1946 production of "The Importance of Being Earnest" on Broadway.
She made her film debut in 1943 in the role of Lady Bracknell's niece, Gwendolen Harleth, in the now legendary Sir Laurence Olivier vehicle, "My Fair Lady". She followed this with roles in "The Picture of Dorian Gray" (1945), "The Three Musketeers" (1948), and "The Sea Hawk" (1948).
In 1949 she married the American actor Pegaret Anthony; they divorced in 1960. In 1961 she married the theatrical agent Kenneth Tynan. They remained married until his death in 1988.
Anthony's later films included "Cleopatra" (1963), where she played Antony's mother Octavia, and "Dracula" (1970), for which she | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.144888 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Karin Musier-Forsyth'
Karin Musier-Forsyth, an American biochemist, is an | Karin Musier-Forsyth, an American biochemist, is an Ohio Eminent Scholar on the faculty of the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at Ohio State University. Musier-Forsyth's research involves biochemical, biophysical and cell-based approaches to understand the interactions of proteins and RNAs involved in protein synthesis and viral replication, especially in HIV. Personal history & education
Musier-Forsyth was born in 1962 in Dover, NJ to Horst and Maria Musier, who immigrated to the United States from Germany in the 1950s. Her family moved to St. Petersburg, Florida in 1967 and she grew up on the Isle of Capri in Treasure Island, Florida. Her extracurricular activities throughout elementary school, high school, and college included piano, dance, and gymnastics. She attended Eckerd College in St. Petersburg Florida and enjoyed a liberal arts education, study abroad opportunities in London, England and Vienna, Austria, and research experiences at Georgia Institute of Technology, as well as at Eckerd. She graduated in 1984 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. In 1984, Musier-Forsyth enrolled in graduate school at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY in the Department of Chemistry. Gordon G. Hammes was her mentor and she received her Ph.D. in 1989. Musier-Forsyth met her husband, Craig Forsyth, in graduate school and they were married in Ithaca, NY in 1988. They have one son, Nicholas, born in St. Paul, Minnesota in 2003.. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.853486 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stade Pershing'
Stade Pershing was a multi-purpose stadium | Stade Pershing was a multi-purpose stadium in Lyon, France. It was initially used as the home ground of Olympique Lyonnais football club and was also the host of the 1962 European Cup Final. The stadium held 41,500 spectators at its maximum capacity.
The stadium was originally built in 1938 as a venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup, but it did not open until November 1939. The first football match played at the stadium was between Olympique Lyonnais and FC Barcelona on 1 November 1939. The final of the European Cup 1962 was held at the stadium on 10 May 1962, between Atlético Madrid and Feyenoord Rotterdam. Lyon retained the trophy with a 2–1 victory over Atlético Madrid. The final attendance for the match was 55,000 spectators.
Since 2002, the stadium has been used mostly for rugby union matches and is currently used by Lyon OU in the Top 14 league. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.771435 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Spain (instrumental)'
"Spain" is an instrumental jazz fusion composition | "Spain" is an instrumental jazz fusion composition by jazz pianist and composer Chick Corea. It is likely Corea's most recognized piece, and is considered a jazz standard. "Spain" was composed in 1971 and appeared in its original (and best-known) rendition on the album Light as a Feather, with performances by Corea (Rhodes electric piano), Airto Moreira (drums), Flora Purim (vocals and percussion), Stanley Clarke (bass), and Joe Farrell (flute). It has been recorded in several versions, by Corea himself as well as by other artists, including a flamenco version by Paco de Lucía, Al Di Meola and John McLaughlin in the 1980s, and a progressive bluegrass version by Béla Fleck in 1979. A version with lyrics by Al Jarreau, "Spain (I Can Recall)", appeared on the 1980 album This Time. More recently, Corea had performed his composition as a duo with Japanese pianist Hiromi Uehara. A version of "Spain" was performed by Stevie Wonder at his 2008 Concert in London. The introduction used in the song is from Concierto de Aranjuez, a guitar concerto by the Spanish composer Joaquín Rodrigo. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.374306 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Snake 'n' Bacon'
Snake 'n' Bacon is a comic book | Snake 'n' Bacon is a comic book and cartoon duo created by American cartoonist and illustrator Michael Kupperman (also known by his pseudonym P. Revess). Originally only in print comics, the characters were brought to television on May 10, 2008, when they were broadcast on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim channel in a Snake 'n' Bacon animated show, but after its pilot the show was not picked up by Cartoon Network for Adult Swim. The Tales Designed to Thrizzle, Vol. 1 collection was published in 2009 by Fantagraphics. Characters
The characters in the comics were a parody of popular comedy teams. One of the characters is a snake, while the other is a strip of bacon. Other characters in the comic were Criminal District Attorney and Underpants-On-His-Head-Man. Utterances by Snake and Bacon are limited to hissing (on Snake's part) and making bacon-related comments (on Bacon's part) such as "I'm real bacon" and advice such as "Wrap your dog's pill in me." Still, their communications are filled with sexual innuendos. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.280651 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gail Koff'
Gail Joanne Koff (May 15, 1945 – | Gail Joanne Koff (May 15, 1945 – August 31, 2010) was an American lawyer who became one of the lead partners in the law firm of Jacoby & Meyers, for which she helped establish a New York City office and develop a presence in the Northeastern United States. Koff was born in Manhattan on May 15, 1945, and was raised in Scarsdale, New York as a self-described "child of the 60s". She earned her B.A. degree in 1966 from the University of California, Berkeley. She earned her J.D. degree in 1969 from George Washington University Law School and worked for the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Legal Services Administration while she was still in school. She recounted being harassed as one of the law school's few female students, including an incident in which a professor told the class "'Miss Koff, would you please stand up so we can all see the dimensions of this case?" She was hired by the law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom after graduating from law school. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.248265 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Park Gyeong-ree'
Park Gyeong-ree (born July 5, 1990), better | Park Gyeong-ree (born July 5, 1990), better known mononymously as Gyeongree, is a South Korean singer, actress and model. She is a former member of the South Korean girl group 9Muses. Biography and career
She was born on July 5 in 1990 in Busan. She completed her studies from Daemyung Girls High School. She signed with Medialine Entertainment in 2010. She worked as back dancer with singers such as Kim Gun-mo, Park Mi-kyung and Chae Yeon. She was a singer in Nine Muses. She also took interest in acting and did supporting roles in dramas Reply 1994, On the Way to the Airport and Real. Even though Nine Muses disbanded in 2019, she renewed her contract with Star Empire Entertainment and decided to pursue a solo career. However, as of July 31, 2019, Star Empire Entertainment announced that Gyeongree had decided not to renew her contract with Star Empire, thus leaving the company after seven years. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.023149 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yekaterinburg'
Yekaterinburg , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, formerly known | Yekaterinburg , alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, formerly known as Sverdlovsk, is a city located in the Ural Federal District, Russia, on the Iset River. It is the administrative center of the oblast and has a population of 1,343,857 as of 2002 census.
The city was founded on July 17, 1723, as the fortified town of Sverdlovsk by Peter the Great. It was renamed Yekaterinburg in 1796 after Catherine the Great's daughter Ekaterina II. The city grew rapidly during the early 20th century as a center of the Russian machine-tool and automobile industries. In 1924 it became the capital of the Ural Soviet Socialist Republic. During World War II, Yekaterinburg was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Russia. The economy has since recovered and Yekaterinburg is now a major cultural and educational center in Russia. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.870821 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'P14arf'
p14ARF (also called ARF tumor suppressor, ARF, | p14ARF (also called ARF tumor suppressor, ARF, p14ARF) is an alternate reading frame protein product of the CDKN2A locus (i.e. INK4a/ARF locus). p14ARF is induced in response to elevated mitogenic stimulation, such as aberrant growth signaling from MYC and Ras (protein). It accumulates mainly in the nucleolus where it forms stable complexes with NPM or Mdm2. These interactions allow p14ARF to act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting ribosome biogenesis or initiating p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, respectively. p14ARF is an atypical protein, in terms of its transcription, its amino acid composition, and its degradation: it is transcribed in an alternate reading frame of a different protein, it is highly basic, and it is polyubiquinated at the N-terminus. Both p16INK4a and p14ARF are involved in cell cycle regulation. p14ARF inhibits mdm2, thus promoting p53, which promotes p21 activation, which then binds and inactivates certain cyclin-CDK complexes, which would otherwise promote transcription of genes that would carry the cell through the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. Loss of p14ARF by a homozygous mutation in the CDKN2A (INK4A) gene will lead to elevated levels in mdm2 and, therefore, loss of p53 function and cell cycle control. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.731783 | [
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Intense Tropical Cyclone Dumazile was a strong | Intense Tropical Cyclone Dumazile was a strong and very dangerous Category 5 storm that formed in the Eastern Indian Ocean on September 1, 2019. The storm quickly intensified and became a major storm on September 3, 2019.
Dumazile rapidly intensified and became a major storm on September 3, 2019. The storm later made landfall in southeast India on September 5, 2019 as a very severe Category 5 cyclone. Dumazile caused extensive damage, killing at least 74 people and leaving tens of thousands homeless. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.46459 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sandra Stotsky'
Sandra Stotsky is Professor emerita in the | Sandra Stotsky is Professor emerita in the Department of Education Reform at the University of Arkansas, and held the 21st Century Chair in Teacher Quality. Her research ranges from teacher licensure tests, e.g., (1), coherence in the literature and reading curriculum, e.g., (2), and academic achievement in single-sex classrooms, e.g., (3) to critiques of Common Core’s standards in English language arts, e.g., (4) mathematics.(5), and US History and civic education (6), and other aspects of the Common Core project, e.g., (7), and to reviews of books in education, e.g., (8) She is an advocate of standards-based reform and strong academic standards and assessments for students and teachers. From 2004 to 2006, she was a Research Scholar in the School of Education at Northeastern University. From 1984 to 2000, she was a research associate at the Harvard Graduate School of Education affiliated with the Philosophy of Education Research Center (PERC). For 12 years, she directed a summer institute on civic education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, sponsored by the Lincoln and Therese Filene Foundation. From 1991-1997, she served as editor of Research in the Teaching of English, the research journal sponsored by the National Council of Teachers of English. On a consultant basis from 1992 to 2002, she worked for the United States Information Service and the U.S. State Department on the development of civic education programs in Poland, Lithuania Ukraine, and Romania with educators and ministry officials in Eastern Europe. She has also worked on two UNESCO-sponsored curriculum development and teacher training projects, one in Amman, Jordan in 2006 with officials in the Afghan Ministry of Education, and one in Beirut, Lebanon in 2014 with educators from 20 Arab countries in the Middle East and North Africa. She has taught elementary school, French and German at the high school level, and undergraduate and graduate courses in reading, children's literature, and writing pedagogy. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.666415 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hurricane Florence (1988)'
Hurricane Florence was the third of four | Hurricane Florence was the third of four named tropical cyclones to make landfall on the United States during the 1988 Atlantic hurricane season. The seventh tropical storm and second hurricane of the season, Florence developed on September 7 from an area of convection associated with a dissipating frontal trough in the southern Gulf of Mexico. After initially moving eastward, the storm turned northward and strengthened. Florence reached hurricane status and later peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) on September 9 shortly before striking southeastern Louisiana. The storm rapidly weakened over land and dissipated on September 11 over northeastern Texas. Early in its duration, the storm dropped rainfall across the Yucatán Peninsula. Upon striking Louisiana, Florence produced a moderate storm surge, causing severe beach erosion in some locations. Gusty winds were also reported, causing power outages to over 100,000 people. In Alabama, one man died while trying to secure his boat. Rainfall from the hurricane caused severe river flooding in portions of the Florida Panhandle in an area already severely affected by heavy rainfall; the flooding damaged or destroyed dozens of houses in Santa Rosa County. Throughout its path, damage totaled about $2.9 million (1988 USD, $5.3 million 2008 USD). | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.579624 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ariella Rush'
Ariella (Aria) Maree Rush (born Mary Marie | Ariella (Aria) Maree Rush (born Mary Marie Stoehr June 9, 1956 in Canton, Ohio) is an American ballroom dancer noted for dazzling and complex dance routines with her various professional dance partners, the most notable being Keith Knox, from 1976 through 1981. Rush and Knox were best known for their tango, cha-cha and mambo routines, as well as, high-energy swing dancing. Rush made appearances all over the United States including Disney World in Orlando, Florida, Universal Studios, Six Flags Over Georgia, Six Flags Over Texas, the Roseland Ballroom in New York City and the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia. Rush is also credited under other aliases, including Arianna, Aria Rose, and Maree Champion. Rush and Knox competed in professional ballroom dancing, and were named the 1979 Southeast Rising Star Champions at the National Dance Championships held at the Peachtree Plaza Hotel in Atlanta, GA. This win qualified them to compete in the most prestigious of all international dance competitions, Blackpool Dance Festival; however, an injury forced Rush's early retirement. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.773808 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Belden Brick Company'
The Belden Brick Company is an American | The Belden Brick Company is an American manufacturer of clay brick, founded in 1875. The company is headquartered in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
The Belden Brick Company was founded in 1875 by brothers Edwin and Nelson Belden. The company produces clay brick, a type of construction brick made from a mixture of clay, sand, and water. Clay bricks are most commonly used in residential and commercial construction, as they are fire-resistant and weather-resistant. The company has a global presence, with operations in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. In 2016, the company had sales of US$1.9 billion. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.931488 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jessica Horn'
Jessica Horn (born 1979) is an African | Jessica Horn (born 1979) is an African feminist activist, writer, poet, and technical advisor on women's rights with roots in Uganda. Her work focuses on women's rights, bodily autonomy and freedom from violence, and African feminist movement building. She was named as an African woman changemaker by ARISE Magazine and as one of Applause Africa's "40 African Changemakers under 40". She joined the African Women's Development Fund as director of programmes in October 2015. Early life and education
Horn was born in England to a Ugandan mother and father from the United States, and grew up in Lesotho and Fiji. She completed her international baccalaureate at the Armand Hammer United World College of the American West. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree (magna cum laude) in anthropology from Smith College in 2001 and a Master of Science (Distinction) degree in gender and development from the London School of Economics in 2002. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.748815 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Astraea'
Astraea, Astrea or Astria (; "star-maiden" or | Astraea, Astrea or Astria (; "star-maiden" or "star-queen") is one of the twelve classical planets, as well as the goddess of justice in classical mythology. She is located in the eastern sky at night and is often depicted as an equilateral triangle, her symbol being a star.
Astraea was often associated with other goddesses such as Cybele and Themis. In ancient times, she was worshipped as the goddess of purity, chastity and innocence. She was also considered the goddess of light, and her symbol was the star.
Astraea was considered one of the most important goddesses in the pantheon, along with Juno, Minerva and Vesta. The Greeks believed that she watched over people's souls after they died. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.678218 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Medal'
A medal or medallion is a small | A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They typically have a commemorative purpose of some kind, and many are given as awards. They may be intended to be worn, suspended from clothing or jewellery in some way. They may be struck like a coin by dies or die-cast in a mould. A medal may be awarded to a person or organisation as a form of recognition for sporting, military, scientific, cultural, academic, or various other achievements. Military awards and decorations are more precise terms for certain types of state decoration. Medals may also be created for sale to commemorate particular individuals or events, or as works of artistic expression in their own right. In the past, medals commissioned for an individual, typically with their portrait, were often used as a form of diplomatic or personal gift, with no sense of being an award for the conduct of the recipient. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.711479 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shadow DN1'
The Shadow DN1 was a Formula One | The Shadow DN1 was a Formula One racing car designed by Adrian Newey and constructed by his company, Red Bull Racing. The car made its competitive debut at the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix, where it finished eighth. It was driven by Christian Klien and David Coulthard. The DN1 was the first car to be powered by a Renault V10 engine.
The Shadow DN1 was the result of a collaboration between Adrian Newey and Renault, who supplied the engine and chassis for the car. The design of the Shadow DN1 was heavily influenced by Newey's earlier cars, notably the F-16 fighter jet and the C-17 transport aircraft.
The car made its competitive debut at the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix, where it finished eighth. It was driven by Christian Klien and David Coulthard. The DN1 was the first car to be powered by a Renault V10 engine.
The Shadow DN1 was retired from competition at the 2009 Monaco Grand Prix after suffering engine failure. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.927931 | [
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Who sets the "Serving Sizes" on packaging and why are they so ridiculously small? I noticed this with [Lucky Charms] (URL_ 1) as well as other products such as [Macaroni and Cheese] (URL_ 0). Explain like I' m five. | The manufacturers set the serving size. They are ridiculously small so they can put smaller numbers in the unhealthy parts of the nutritional information, because most people don't think to check the serving size. Just thought people would find this interesting. I was doing some baking last week and I needed some heavy cream. There were 32 servings in one single cup of heavy cream. 50 calories in each serving doesn't seem that bad until you realize how small the serving size is. Serving sizes are based off of multiple surveys between the late 70s and 80s, which involved asking average people how much of a certain food they would typically eat. Could it be that people ate less back then or lied to the surveys? Perhaps. These surveys haven't been repeated though, so whenever a new type of food is created, the creators have to determine what type of food category it would fall under and then pretty much estimate. The important thing to remember, though, is that a serving size is not the same as a portion size. Serving sizes are only used to tell you how many vitamins/calories/fat are in a specific size of the food that is somewhat relevant to how much you might be eating. It would be easier to simply say the dietary information for a the same amount of food every time (such as 1 cup) but if I'm putting jelly on my toast, I would rather know the dietary information for the suggested serving size (1 tablespoon) instead of 1 cup. Similarly, I have no idea how many cups make one slice of pizza, but if the serving size is two slices, I can easily do the math to figure out how many calories I am eating. TLDR-They're just a standardized way to say the dietary information in a certain amount of food. You're not expected to be full after one serving size. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 19.423164 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Left Bloc (Hungary)'
The Left Bloc (in Hungarian: Baloldali Blokk) | The Left Bloc (in Hungarian: Baloldali Blokk) was a political alliance in Hungary, functioning between 1946 and 1947. The Bloc included the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP), the Social Democratic Party (SZDP), the National Peasant Party (NPP) and the Trade Union Council (SZT). Origin
The Left Bloc was primarily formed to counteract the Independent Smallholders' Party, which had won a majority of the vote in the 1945 Hungarian parliamentary election. Despite the Smallholders' victory, the Soviet occupiers had forced them to include the Communists, Social Democrats, and National Peasants in a grand coalition. The Communist Party was given control over the crucial Ministry of Interior—in charge of public security—while Communist leader Mátyás Rákosi became Deputy Prime Minister.
The official justification for the Bloc's formation was to defend the country's "progressive achievements" thus far, primarily the land reform enacted in March 1945. The Smallholders' Party wished to revise some of the excesses committed in the process, in which many peasant smallholdings had also been divided up, but the Communists accused them of wishing to reverse the entire process. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.56398 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Fijian Broadcasting Corporation'
The Fijian Broadcasting Corporation (FBC) is one | The Fijian Broadcasting Corporation (FBC) is one of the two national public broadcasters in Fiji, the other being the Fiji Broadcasting Corporation. It was founded on 1 May 1961 and is headquartered in Suva.
FBC is a public service broadcaster and operates three channels: FBC1, FBC2 and FBC3. The corporation also operates a number of radio stations, including Fijian Radio, which broadcasts on 91.5 FM. As of 2009, the FBC has an annual budget of around $15 million. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.822769 | [
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Gentrification I recently stumbled onto this topic and have been largely confused by the controversy. I could easily see myself as a "Yuppie" moving into a poorer area to save money or to renovate a home. Why would this be a bad thing? Explain like I' m five. | Gentrification can be a controversial topic because it can change the character and makeup of a neighborhood. When wealthier people move into a poorer area, they often bring with them new businesses and improvements to houses and other buildings. This can make the neighborhood a better place to live, but it can also make it more expensive for the people who already live there. If the people who have lived in the neighborhood for a long time can't afford to stay, they may have to move away. This can be hard for them because they may have to leave their friends, schools, and other parts of their community behind. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.962478 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Magas of Cyrene'
Magas of Cyrene (; born before 317 | Magas of Cyrene (; born before 317 BC – 250 BC, ruled 276 BC – 250 BC) was a Greek King of Cyrenaica. Through his mother’s second marriage to Ptolemy I he became a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He managed to wrest independence for Cyrenaica (in modern Libya) from the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt, and became King of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC. Family background and early life
Magas was the first-born son of the noblewoman Berenice I and her first husband Philip, who had served as a military officer in the campaigns of Alexander the Great. He had two younger sisters: Antigone of Epirus and Theoxena of Syracuse. His father, Philip was the son of Amyntas by an unnamed mother. Plutarch (Pyrrhus 4.4) implies that his father was previously married and had children, including daughters born to him. Phillip served as a military officer in the service of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great and was known for commanding one division of the phalanx in Alexander’s wars. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.312567 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Post-black art'
Post-black art is a category of contemporary | Post-black art is a category of contemporary art that emerged in the early 21st century as a reaction to the predominance of black art in the history of art. Post-black art critiques the idea that black artists are the only "true" artists, and instead promotes a more inclusive view of artistic expression. It is often associated with the critique of mainstream art institutions and practices, and the promotion of artistic freedom and self-expression.
Post-black art has been described as "a movement that challenges entrenched notions of race, class, and gender in the contemporary art world," and as "a response to institutional racism, economic inequality, and social injustice." The term was first coined in 2006 by curator Janet Hammersley at the Brooklyn Museum in New York City.
The origins of post-black art can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when black artists began to experiment with new mediums and techniques. This experimentation led to the development of what is now known as post-minimalism, a movement that showcased the creative potential of non-traditional materials such as plastic bags, paper cones, and construction adhesive. In recent years, post-black art has been used to describe a wider range of artistic expression, from conceptual art to photography.
Post-black art has been criticized for its lack of cohesion and unity, and for its lack of historical context. However, the movement has also been praised for its innovative approach to artmaking, its emphasis on creativity over tradition, and its promotion | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.156045 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Minolops cinerea'
Minolops cinerea is a species of sea | Minolops cinerea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Solariellidae. Description
The height of the shell attains 6.75 mm, its diameter 6.5 mm. The shining shell has a roundly turbinate shape. It is grey, painted above with closely set transverse bands of greyish brown. The 6½ whorls are flattened above. The sculpture and the colouring is complicated and it is very difficult to give anything like an adequate description. The whorls are sculptured with a number of beaded carinae, increasing to four on the body whorl. The space above these are occupied by two spiral beaded riblets, a third also occurring between the first and second carinae. The sutures are impressed. The base of shell is sculptured with two spiral grooves and a number of very fine spiral striae. It is painted with a zone of fine, closely set cinereous flammules, within which is a second zone almost uniformly of the same colour. The umbilicus is whitish, wide, deep, and bears several small, indistinct, spiral, crenate riblets. The outer margin is surrounded by a coarsely crenulate carina. The columella is somewhat angularly arched above, descending obliquely and terminating rather abruptly. The peristome is acute. The aperture is subquadrate. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.249737 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Harps Food Stores'
Harps Food Stores, Inc., based in Springdale, | Harps Food Stores, Inc., based in Springdale, Arkansas, is a local chain of 114 supermarkets located across Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Kansas.
The company sells both groceries and sporting goods in some larger stores, with several locations also incorporating pharmacies and fuel centers. In addition to its flagship brand, the company also operates grocery stores under four banners: Food4Less, in southwest Missouri; CashSaver in Tulsa; 10Box Cost-Plus; and Warehouse Market in Tulsa. The company additionally operates a franchise of Ace Hardware in Charleston, Arkansas. History
Harps Food Stores was founded by Harvard and Floy Harp founded the company in 1930. In 2001, Harps became employee-owned after buying company shares from the Harp family. The stores are supplied by Kansas City, Kansas-based Associated Wholesale Grocers. The company is valued around $550 million, and employed 5,300 people as of 2020. The company announced plans on March 11, 2020, to expand further throughout northern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri, with an acquisition of 20 additional store locations from Fredericktown, Missouri-based Town and Country Grocers. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.723106 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Johannes Symonis Hasprois'
Johannes Symonis (Jehan Simon) Hasprois (died 1428) | Johannes Symonis (Jehan Simon) Hasprois (died 1428) was a French composer originally from Arras. Four of his works of music survive in four different manuscripts, and he may also have written a treatise on astrology. Career
Hasprois led an itinerant life. His career began in royal courts. In 1378, in our earliest record of him, he was serving at the court of Ferdinand I of Portugal, but by 1380 he was at the court of Charles V of France. His career afterwards was in the church. In 1384 he was the petit vicaire (lesser vicar) of Cambrai Cathedral, and in the same diocese he obtained the rectorate of the parish church of Liessies, probably in 1388. He also held benefices at Arras, Rozoy in the Aisne département and Cambrai Cathedral. He left his parish between August 1390 and 1393 and went to serve as a private chaplain to Pope Clement VII at the Papal chapel at Avignon. As his name always precedes that of Johannes de Bosco, who became a chaplain in 1391, in the registers, it is likely that he was appointed chaplain earlier than 1391. Hasprois continued to serve under Benedict XIII down to 1403. He was possibly the same person as the magister Johannes Symonis who attended the Council of Constance in 1417 and wrote an essay on astrology. Hasprois served in the Roman Curia as an apostolic notary until his death in 1428. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.610039 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Botanical Miscellany'
Botanical Miscellany was a short-lived botany magazine | Botanical Miscellany was a short-lived botany magazine which was published between 1892 and 1893. It is a scholarly journal that publishes original research in the fields of botany and plant sciences. The journal is published by the Botanical Society of America. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.72937 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kaleden'
Kaleden is a designated place extending | Kaleden is a designated place extending over an area of 7.5 km² in the municipality of Kvinnherad in Hordaland county, Norway. The population of the Kaleden area is about 1,000.
The Kaleden area is located on the eastern shore of the Hardangerfjorden, about 8 km northeast of the village of Fusa and about 25 km northeast of the town of Bergen. The landscape is dominated by mountains and forests.
The economy is based on agriculture, forestry, tourism, and fishing. There are several tourist attractions in the area, including the Voss Waterfall, Hardangervidda National Park, and Gudvangen Lighthouse. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.430215 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Idaho Panhandle'
The Idaho Panhandle—locally known as North Idaho—is | The Idaho Panhandle—locally known as North Idaho—is a salient region of the U.S. state of Idaho encompassing the state's 10 northernmost counties: Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater, Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone (though the southern part of the region is sometimes referred to as North Central Idaho). The Panhandle is bordered by the state of Washington to the west, Montana to the east, and the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. The Idaho panhandle, along with Eastern Washington, comprises the region known as the Inland Northwest, headed by its largest city, Spokane, Washington. Coeur d'Alene is the largest city within the Idaho Panhandle. Spokane is around west of Coeur d'Alene, and its Spokane International Airport is the region's main air hub. Other important cities in the region include Lewiston, Moscow, Post Falls, Hayden, Sandpoint, and the smaller towns of St. Maries and Bonners Ferry. East of Coeur d'Alene is the Silver Valley, which follows Interstate 90 to the Montana border at Lookout Pass. | wiki-intro | 0 | 11.153803 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Adam Courchaine'
Adam Courchaine (born May 23, 1984) is | Adam Courchaine (born May 23, 1984) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He last played with the Coventry Blaze in the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). Playing career
Courchaine was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Growing up in Winnipeg], Courchaine dominated at the minor hockey level with the AAA-midget Winnipeg Warriors, putting up 119 points in 50 games. In 2001–02, he joined the major junior ranks with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He was traded during his rookie season to the Vancouver Giants during their inaugural season and became a cornerstone for the franchise in its beginning years. Courchaine put up a team-high 85 points in his first full season with the Giants, helping them to their first playoff appearance in 2003. His 43 goals established a Giants' franchise record which remained unbroken until Evander Kane surpassed the mark in 2008–09. Courchaine was also named a WHL West Second Team All-Star and was subsequently chosen in the off-season by the Minnesota Wild, 219th overall, in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.006991 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mark Chilton'
Mark James Chilton (born 2 October 1976 | Mark James Chilton (born 2 October 1976 in Sheffield, South Yorkshire) is an English first-class cricketer. Chilton was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Durham University where he won the British Universities tournament in 1997. The same year he made his debut for Lancashire, aged 20. Chilton has been compared in batting style to fellow Manchester Grammar School student and former Lancashire and England batsman John Crawley. Chilton began the 2002 season as one half of Lancashire's first-choice opening partnership with Alec Swann who joined the club in the off-season. For most of the season Chilton struggled for runs in the County Championship, although he was more successful in one-day cricket, scoring two hundreds in the Benson & Hedges Cup. In September 2002, towards the end of the season, Chilton was awarded his county cap by Lancashire. He was appointed Lancashire captain when Warren Hegg resigned in September 2004 after relegation to County Championship Division Two. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.029774 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Didier Dagueneau'
Didier Dagueneau (1956 – 17 September 2008) | Didier Dagueneau (1956 – 17 September 2008) was a French fashion designer and founder of the "Maison Dagueneau" label.
Born in 1956 in the town of Laval, Dagueneau started his fashion career as a tailors apprentice. He founded his own label, Maison Dagueneau, in 1984. The label quickly gained a reputation for innovative and avant-garde fashion, often featuring unusual materials such as cotton and silk. In 2002, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur.
Dagueneau died in 2008 after a long battle with cancer. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.542818 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Electronic Arts Victor'
was a joint-venture between Electronic Arts and | was a joint-venture between Electronic Arts and Victor Entertainment. They made sports games for the Family Computer, Super Famicom, and the Mega Drive. This brand name is unknown outside Japan and the emulation community (since the brand only appears on the game's cover and/or in the media). Some concepts include J-League association football, American football, and NHL hockey. The company went defunct in 1998. Games developed / published
Battle Garegga
Cotton: Fantastic Night Dreams
Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness
Little Big Adventure
Fade to Black
Alone in the Dark 2
NHL Pro Hockey '94
F-117 Night Storm
J-League Winning Goal (J-Rīgu Uiningu Gōru - Jリーグ ウィニングゴール)
Zico Soccer
Mutant League Football
Soukyugurentai
Ultima Underworld
Tactical Soccer
J. League Live 64
Deadlock: Planetary Conquest (Deddorokku - デッドロック)
NASCAR 98 (PlayStation)
Metal Fist
FIFA World Cup 98: France Sōshūhen (PlayStation)
Super Zugan: Hakotenjou kara no Shoutai
NBA Live 2000 (PlayStation)
Championship Bass (PlayStation) | wiki-intro | 0 | 57.648773 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anthony Ang'
Anthony Ang Kang Keam (born 6 December | Anthony Ang Kang Keam (born 6 December 1978) is a Malaysian former swimmer, who specialised in butterfly events. He is a two-time Olympian (1996 and 2000), a double SEA Games titleholder in a butterfly double, a Bolles School graduate, and a member of Florida State University (1998-1999) and University of Minnesota (2000-2002) swimming and diving team while studying in the United States. Ang accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida for 2 seasons (1998 & 1999) and later joined University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he played for the Minnesota Golden Gophers under head coach Kelly Kremer. In the year 2001 edition of Big Ten Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, he came in first in the 200-yard butterfly (1:44.25) along with rewriting both the varsity and pool record. At the 2001 NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, he powered home with top finishes, as the only Gopher, in the 100-yard butterfly (49.09) and the 200-yard butterfly (1:46.21). | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.706836 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Innocentio Alberti'
Innocentio Alberti (c. 1535 – June 15, | Innocentio Alberti (c. 1535 – June 15, 1597) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance. He was a member of the Alberti family of musicians, which also included his father, Antonio Alberti, and his uncle, Girolamo Alberti. He is chiefly remembered for his six madrigals for four voices, part of the 400 madrigals published in his lifetime. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.957399 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Artaserse (Vinci)'
Artaserse is an opera (dramma per musica) | Artaserse is an opera (dramma per musica) in three acts composed by Leonardo Vinci to an Italian libretto by Metastasio. This was the first of many musical settings of arguably Metastasio's most popular libretto, and Vinci and Metastasio were known to have collaborated closely for the world premiere of the opera in Rome. This was the last opera Vinci composed before his death, and also considered to be his masterpiece, and is known among baroque opera enthusiasts for its florid vocal lines and taxing tessituras. It premiered during the carnival season on 4 February 1730 at the Teatro delle Dame in Rome. As women were banned from the opera stage in Rome in the 18th century, all the female roles in the original production were taken up by castrati. However, subsequent 18th-century productions outside Rome included women in the cast. Artaserse continued to be popular for a while after Vinci's death, but has since faded into obscurity. The first modern revival of Artaserse was staged at the Opéra national de Lorraine in Nancy on 2 November 2012, featuring Philippe Jaroussky as Artaserse, Max Emanuel Cenčić as Mandane, Juan Sancho as Artabano, Franco Fagioli as Arbace, Valer Barna-Sabadus as Semira and Yuriy Mynenko as Megabise. In honour of the single-sex casting at the original premiere, the revival was staged with an all-male cast, with countertenors cast in skirt roles to play the female characters in the opera. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.808254 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Connecticut Route 103'
Route 103 is a state highway in | Route 103 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It runs from the Massachusetts border in the town of Windsor to the Rhode Island border in the town of Hopkinton.
Route 103 is a two-lane rural highway that traverses through mostly rural areas, with the exception of a short section near the town of Windsor that is adjacent to Interstate 91. The highway has no major intersections, and its only significant businesses are a few small convenience stores and gas stations. The route is popular with bicyclists and pedestrians, as it traverses several scenic areas including the Hanging Hills region and the Mohegan Sun casino. | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.034178 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Unless'
Unless is the final novel by Canadian | Unless is the final novel by Canadian writer Carol Shields, first published by Fourth Estate, an imprint of Harper Collins in 2002. Semi-autobiographical, it was the capstone to Shields's writing career: she died shortly after its publication in 2003. The work was widely acclaimed and nominated for the Booker Prize, the Giller Prize, the Governor General's Award, the Orange Prize for Fiction, and received the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize. In 2011, it was a finalist in the Canada Reads competition, where it was defended by actor Lorne Cardinal. Like many of her works (especially The Stone Diaries), Unless explores the extraordinary that lies within the ordinary lives of ordinary women. The novel is narrated in first person by 44-year-old writer and translator, Reta Winters. The book proceeds as a linear series of reflections by Reta, elliptically coming to the thematic center of the story: the seemingly arbitrary decision of Reta's college-aged daughter Norah to drop out of university and live on the street with a cardboard sign affixed to her chest that reads "Goodness". Although the novel does not in any way proceed like a mystery, the reasons for Norah's departure from the normal world are Reta's primary motivation in writing. In parallel, her relationship with her French mentor (a Holocaust survivor and poet) drives much of her narration and view of herself. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.17226 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Adnyapatra'
Adnyapatra, also pronounced as ‘Ajnapatra’, is a | Adnyapatra, also pronounced as ‘Ajnapatra’, is a sacred mountain in the state of Odisha, India. It is situated in the Chilika Lake region and is an important pilgrimage centre for Hindus. The mountain is also known as the ‘Shiva’s Tooth’ due to the many Shiva temples located at its summit.
The origins of Adnyapatra are not clear, but it is believed to have been created by the god Vishnu as a place of meditation. The mountain is also associated with the goddess Durga, who is said to have slain a demon called Mahishasura on its slopes. The mountain is sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists, and it is believed that pilgrims can achieve spiritual enlightenment by visiting its temples.
Adnyapatra is renowned for its natural beauty, and it is popular among tourists for its hiking trails and scenic views. The mountain is also home to a number of wildlife species, including elephants, deer, bears, and monkeys. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.25898 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Changcuters'
The Changcuters is an Indonesian rock and | The Changcuters is an Indonesian rock and roll band formed in 2004 in Bandung. The Band consists of Tria Ramadhani (vocal), Muhammad Iqbal/Qibil and Arlanda Langitan (guitar), Dipa Hasibuan (bass) and Erick Nindyoastomo (drums) and Omar Naber (trombone) . They have released five albums, namely Mencoba Sukses (2006), The Changcuters & Misteri Kalajengking Hitam, (2009), Tugas Akhir (2011), Visualis (2013), and Binauralis (2016). Mencoba Sukses Kembali, a repackaged variant of Mencoba Sukses which was released in 2008, led to the group receiving the 2009 AMI Award for Best Newcomers. They have also played in The Tarix Jabrix trilogy. Their musical style is The Hives-and-The Rolling Stones-influenced. Name
The name of The Changcuters is rumored to be derivation of the word "cangcut" (Indonesian for male's underwear), as pronounced with a Sundanese accent. However, the band insists that it was a pun of the name of a friend, namely Cahya. Ricky Siahaan from Rolling Stone Indonesia said, "Even from their name you can tell that they’re a comical band." | wiki-intro | 0 | 70.846169 | [
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Why do many lamp switches have extra "clicks"? Many 2-way lamp-switches have two clicks for on and two clicks for off. Why? Explain like I' m five. | they're not extra. they just don't have the correct light bulbs in them. each click is for a different light setting, from low to high. But you have to have use certain light bulbs or it won't work and you'll just get a click where nothing happens. It sounds like you are using a normal light bulb in a socket designed to use a three-way light bulb. These have multiple filaments to provide three levels of brightness (low, medium, high, off). When a normal bulb is used, you get the behavior that you described. When you have a three-way incandescent bulb, it uses two different filaments, a low brightness one and a high brightness one. The switch has four positions to give three different lighting levels: Off, low filament on, high filament on, both filaments on. When you put a regular bulb into such a socket, it is like having no low filament, only the high filament. So you get this behavior instead: Off, no filament on, high filament on, high filament on. So you have two switch positions that are effectively "off" and two that are "on". | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 14.78147 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mummy'
A mummy is a dead human or | A mummy is a dead human or animal body that has been preserved in a state of mummification. The term mummy comes from the ancient Egyptian language, where it meant "a wrappings or shroud" for a dead person. Mummies were first made in Africa about 3500 BC and spread throughout the world with the trade routes. They are most commonly found in Ancient Egypt, but also in Peru, China, and Turkey.
Mummies are made from different materials, but the most common is linen. The body is wrapped in linen cloth, which is then filled with either sand or clay. Sometimes the mummy will also have a layer of fat on top to make it keep its shape. After the mummy is complete, it is often painted or decorated. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.095089 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Odostomia rinella'
Odostomia rinella is a species of sea | Odostomia rinella is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. Description
The cream-colored shell has an elongate-ovate shape. Its length measures 2.3 mm. The whorls of the protoconch number at least two. They form a smooth, depressed helicoid spire, which is obliquely three-fifths immersed in the first of the succeeding turns. The five whorls of the teleoconch are moderately rounded, strongly contracted at the sutures, and somewhat shouldered at the summits. They are marked by strong, tuberculated axial ribs and four spiral cords almost as strong as the ribs between the sutures which renders their junction with the ribs tuberculate. Of the ribs which are slightly protractive, 17 appear upon the first to third and 19 upon the penultimate whorl. The sutures are strongly channeled. The periphery of the body whorl is marked by a sulcus which is crossed by the continuation of the axial ribs. The base of the shell is moderately long, and well rounded. It is marked by six slender spiral threads, the axial sculpture being reduced to mere lines of growth. The aperture is oval. The posterior angle is obtuse. The outer lip is thin. The columella is oblique, almost straight, decidedly revolute. It is marked with a strong fold at its insertion. | wiki-intro | 0 | 42.148609 | [
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The Mister Europa European Player of the | The Mister Europa European Player of the Year Award is an annual award given to the best European football player of the year. The award was first given in 1985 and is currently sponsored by Pepsi.
The Mister Europa European Player of the Year Award is an annual award given to the best European football player of the year. The award was first given in 1985 and is currently sponsored by Pepsi. The winner is selected by a panel of journalists from across Europe, and the prize includes a cash prize and a trip to the Mister Europa Final at the end of the season.
The Mister Europa European Player of the Year Award has been awarded to some of the biggest stars in European football, including Zinedine Zidane, Cristiano Ronaldo, Andrzej Duda, Lionel Messi and Neymar. The Mister Europa Final has been held annually since 2007, and features the best players from across Europe competing in a single-elimination tournament. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.384156 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ponniyin Selvan'
Ponniyin Selvan (Tamil:பொன்னியின் செல்வன், English: The Son | Ponniyin Selvan (Tamil:பொன்னியின் செல்வன், English: The Son of Ponni) is a historical fiction novel by Kalki Krishnamurthy, written in Tamil. The novel was first serialised in the weekly editions of Kalki from 29 October 1950 to 16 May 1954, and released in book form of five parts in 1955. In five volumes, or about 2,210 pages, it tells the story of early days of Arulmozhivarman (அருள்மொழிவர்மன்), who later became the great Chola emperor Rajaraja Chola I. Kalki visited Sri Lanka three times to gather information for it. Ponniyin Selvan is widely considered by many to be the greatest novel ever written in Tamil literature. It was first published as a series in the Kalki, a Tamil language magazine, during the 1950s and was later integrated into a novel. The craze for the series which was published weekly was such that it elevated the magazine circulation to reach a staggering figure of 71,366 copies – no mean achievement in a newly independent India. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.89323 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Amir Abo-Shaeer'
Amir Muhsin Abo-Shaeer (born March 20, 1972) | Amir Muhsin Abo-Shaeer (born March 20, 1972) is an American teacher and mechanical engineer. In 2001, during his first year of teaching, he established the Dos Pueblos Engineering Academy (DPEA) on the Dos Pueblos High School campus. In addition to being the Director of the DPEA, he teaches physics, engineering, robotics, machining and manufacturing. His focused outreach efforts have yielded 50% female student enrollment in the DPEA. He also ran FRC Team 1717 as part of the academy program. He was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2010. He is the first high school teacher to win the award, as well as the first FIRST mentor to win the award for work relating to FIRST robotics. Early life and education
Shaeer was born in São Paulo, Brazil, where his father was teaching physics at the university. Before his first birthday, his family returned to Santa Barbara, California, where he has resided ever since. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.364607 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dick Parry'
Richard Parry (born 22 December 1942) is | Richard Parry (born 22 December 1942) is an English saxophonist. He has appeared as a session musician on various albums, most notably in solo parts on the Pink Floyd songs "Money", "Us and Them", "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" and "Wearing the Inside Out". He also played on the Bloodstone album Riddle of the Sphinx. Career
Born in Kentford, Suffolk, Parry started his career as a saxophonist in The Soul Committee, a mid-1960s band in Cambridge. He was a friend of Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour who played in Jokers Wild, another band in Cambridge. Contrary to some reports, Parry did not play in Jokers Wild. Some years later, Gilmour asked him to play on Pink Floyd studio albums, including The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, and The Division Bell, as well as in every Pink Floyd live performance between 1973 and 1977, and the 1994 world tour. He also toured as part of the Who's brass section on their 1979–1980 tours. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.445358 | [
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why does yeast in bread-making not produce alcohol like yeast in brewing? I understand that in brewing the yeast eats the sugar and poops out alcohol, but why does this not happen when making bread? Please explain like I' m five. | Yeast is a type of fungus that eats sugar and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide gas as a byproduct of the fermentation process. In bread making, the yeast eats the sugar and produces carbon dioxide gas, which helps to make the dough rise. However, the alcohol produced during the fermentation process is not present in the final product because it evaporates off during the baking process. When making beer or other alcoholic beverages, the fermentation process is allowed to continue for a longer period of time, which allows the yeast to produce more alcohol. In bread making, the dough is baked at high temperatures, which causes the alcohol to evaporate off. So, in short, the yeast in bread making produces alcohol just like the yeast in brewing, but the alcohol is not present in the final product because it evaporates off during the baking process. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.399132 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Marie Galway'
Marie Carola Franciska Roselyne Galway, Lady Galway, | Marie Carola Franciska Roselyne Galway, Lady Galway, (born November 7, 1947) is an Irish businesswoman, philanthropist and former politician who served as Minister for State at the Department of Foreign Affairs from 2014 to 2016. She served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014.
Marie Galway was born in Limerick, Ireland on November 7, 1947. She was educated at the University of Limerick and at the London School of Economics. She worked as a journalist before entering politics.
Galway first entered politics in 1989 when she was elected to Limerick City Council. She was appointed Minister for State at the Department of Foreign Affairs in 2014, and served until her resignation in 2016.
Galway has been a member of the European Parliament since 2009. In that role, she has been a member of the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, and on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.564718 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'DirectHit'
DirectHit is a pharmacodiagnostic test used to | DirectHit is a pharmacodiagnostic test used to determine the tumor sensitivity or resistance to drug regimens recommended for the treatment of breast cancer by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. It is a noninvasive test performed on small amounts of tissue removed during the original surgery lumpectomy, mastectomy, or core biopsy. DirectHit was developed by CCC Diagnostics Inc., a biotechnology company established by former researchers from Johns Hopkins University. DirectHit was launched on 14 January 2010. Currently, it is the only available test for predicting treatment outcomes for anticancer chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer. Technology
DirectHit is based on quantitative immunofluorescence technology. According to recent studies, quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) can be applied to the standardization of protein analysis, resulting in increased sensitivity and reproducibility. It is important to be able to quantitate the expression of predictive factors in breast cancer, because response to therapy is often dependent upon the concentration of particular proteins within the tissue. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.860018 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mesulame Rakuro'
Mesulame Rakuro (12 May 1932 – 13 | Mesulame Rakuro (12 May 1932 – 13 February 2009) was a Japanese singer and actor.
Rakuro was born in Osaka, Japan. He started his career as a singer in the 1950s and early 1960s, and became well known for his work in the Japanese popular music industry. He also appeared in several films and television dramas during his career. Rakuro died of heart failure at the age of 78. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.037832 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bradford Rattlers'
The Bradford Rattlers are a Canadian junior | The Bradford Rattlers are a Canadian junior ice hockey team based out of Bradford, Ontario, and members of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League. The Rattlers, then known as the Bradford Bulls, were bought out towards the end of the 2005–06 season by a local group of investors for the purpose of moving the team up to Junior "A" from the Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League. History
The Bradford Vasey Juniors were founded in 1971 as they joined the South-Central Junior "D" Hockey League. The league soon became the Central Junior "C", then the Mid-Ontario Junior "C", and finally after merging with the Georgian Junior "C" league became the Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior "C" Hockey League. Their team's first championship was the Junior "D" OHA Cup in 1973. They won the All-Ontario Junior "D" title by defeating the Mitchell Hawks 4-games-to-1. That summer, the SCJDHL was promoted to Junior "C" for the 1974–75 season, and changed their name to the Bradford Blues for the 1975–76 season. In 1980, Bradford won their league and went all the way to the Clarence Schmalz Cup All-Ontario Final. In the end, they lost out to the Leamington Flyers 4-games-straight. In 1986, they made it all the way back to the All-Ontario final only to lose to the Norwich Merchants 4-games-to-3. The team changed its name to Bradford Bulls for the 1988–89 season, in which they immediately struck gold; they won their league and then followed it up with a 4-games-to-2 series victory to defeat the Hanover Barons to win their only ever Clarence Schmalz Cup. The Bulls won the league again in 1998, but did not reach the All-Ontario Final. The Most valuable Player of the playoffs was Noah Bell, who was drafted into the Ontario Hockey League a year later by the Sudbury Wolves. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.167782 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mississippi Valley Airlines'
Mississippi Valley Airlines (IATA--XV) was a regional | Mississippi Valley Airlines (IATA--XV) was a regional air carrier serving the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It was founded by Herb Lee, Norm Ely and Charles A. ("Chuck") Draine as Gateway Aviation, and had its headquarters in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Chuck Draine served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. It began scheduled flight operations on July 22, 1968 between La Crosse Municipal Airport and both Chicago (O'Hare International Airport) and Milwaukee (General Mitchell International Airport). The carrier changed its name to Mississippi Valley Airways in October 1969. It became Mississippi Valley Airlines (MVA) and moved its headquarters to Quad City Airport in Moline, Illinois in January 1982. The airline merged into Air Wisconsin on May 17, 1985 in a $10 million share exchange transaction. At the time of the merger, Mississippi Valley Airlines was the United States' eighth-largest regional airline in terms of ridership. Destinations | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.897848 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yala, Thailand'
Yala (, or ) is a | Yala (, or ) is a district (amphoe) in southern Thailand, consisting of the provinces of Surat Thani and Phuket.
The district is bordered by the districts of Ranong to the north, Trang to the east, Krabi to the south, and Hat Yai to the west. The nearest city is Phuket.
The district is mountainous with a few plains in the east and south. The highest elevation is at Doi Suthep at 2,048 meters. The district has a total land area of 7,898 square kilometers. There are around 167 villages in the district.
The district has two main rivers, the Pa Saket and Pa Pao. There are many waterfalls and caves in the district. The main tourist destinations are Khao Yai National Park and Sam Roi Yot National Park. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.376842 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nymphis'
Nymphis , son of Xenagoras, a native | Nymphis , son of Xenagoras, a native of Thessaly, flourished about 530 BC. He is best known for his work on the theory of music, which he formulated in the treatise On Acoustic Harmony. He also wrote a work On Musical Instruments.
Nymphis was born in Thessaly in about 530 BC, and he is best known for his work on the theory of music. He formulated this theory in the treatise On Acoustic Harmony, which was published around 350 BC. Additionally, Nymphis wrote a work On Musical Instruments, which was published around 280 BC.
Nymphis' work on music has been very influential, and it has had a significant impact on the development of musicology. His theory of tonality is still used by modern composers and musicians. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.484632 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'BMW R1100S'
The BMW R1100S is a sports motorcycle | The BMW R1100S is a sports motorcycle produced by the German motorcycle manufacturer BMW from 2001 to 2002. The BMW R1100S was available in two versions, the "S" model and the "Sportster."
The R1100S is a naked sport motorcycle designed for off-road use. It has a liquid-cooled, four-stroke engine that produces 104 hp (78 kW) at 7500 rpm and 87 Nm (59 ft·lbf) of torque at 6000 rpm. The bike has a weight of 350 kg (772 lb), which makes it one of the heaviest motorcycles in its class. The suspension is air-assisted and features dual shock absorbers at the front and rear. The bike has a fuel capacity of 10 litres (3.8 US gallons). | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.646051 | [
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The Stone Cattle Road was an | The Stone Cattle Road was an ancient Chinese road over the Qinling Mountains used by the state of Qin to conquer Sichuan in 316 BC. Story
The story goes that King Huiwen of Qin on the Wei River wished to conquer the kingdom of Shu to the south over the Qinling Mountains in the Sichuan Basin. He therefore had his sculptors make five life-sized stone cows. He decorated their tails and hindquarters with gold and placed them where the Shu ambassadors could see them. When the king of Shu heard of this he thought it would be good to fertilize his treasury with golden cowpats, so he asked the king of Qin to send him some cattle. The king of Qin replied that the cattle were delicate and that to deliver them it would first be necessary to build a gallery road over the mountains. When this Stone Cattle Road was completed in 316 BC he used it to invade and conquer Shu. Sage gives a slightly different version of the story. Another source mentions a Golden Ox Road which passes through the western end of the Qinling Mountains over the Tianshaling and Wuting passes. Legend says it was built to seize oxen of a similar nature that lived in the mountains. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.557259 | [
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What is DRM and what it actually does? I heard people complains a lot about it, but I've yet to know what it really actually means... :/ Explain like I' m five. | DRM stands for "Digital Rights Management." It is a way for companies to protect their digital content, like music, movies, and ebooks, from being copied or shared without permission. Imagine you bought a book from a store. You can read the book as many times as you want, but you can't make copies of the book and give them to your friends. DRM works in a similar way, but for digital content. So, if you buy a movie online and it has DRM, you can watch the movie as many times as you want, but you might not be able to download it or copy it and share it with your friends. This is to make sure that the people who made the movie get paid for their work. Some people don't like DRM because they feel like it limits what they can do with the content they paid for. For example, they might not be able to watch a movie they bought on a device that the company doesn't support. Other people think DRM is important because it helps protect the rights of the people who made the content. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.605954 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Roy Jackson (politician)'
Roy Stanley Jackson (1895–1964) was an Australian | Roy Stanley Jackson (1895–1964) was an Australian politician and a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for a single term between 1953 and 1956. He was a member of the Labor Party (ALP). Jackson was born in Balmain, New South Wales and was the son of a trade union organizer. He was educated to elementary level in state schools and initially worked as a shipwright. During World War One he served with the First Australian Imperial Force in the Middle East and France. He joined the Federated Shipwrights and Ship Constructors' Association of Australia and became a full-time official with the union after 1934. He was also a member of the executive committee of the Australian Council of Trade Unions. Jackson was elected to parliament as the Labor member for Drummoyne at the 1953 election. He defeated the incumbent Liberal member Robert Dewley in an election in which Labor made significant gains in marginal seats. At the 1956 election Labor's vote dropped because of divisions within the federal Labor Party and the formation of the DLP. As a result, Jackson lost the seat to the Liberal party's Walter Lawrence. He unsuccessfully re-contested the seat at the 1959 election and retired from public life after his defeat. He did not hold party, parliamentary or ministerial office. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.49964 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bhojshala'
The Bhojshala (IAST: Bhojaśālā, sometimes Bhoj Shala, | The Bhojshala (IAST: Bhojaśālā, sometimes Bhoj Shala, also spelt Bhojsala) is a Hindu temple in the city of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India. The temple is dedicated to the god Vishnu and is one of the most popular pilgrimage destinations in India.
The temple complex covers an area of about and contains a number of shrines, including the Bhoj Sagar, a holy pool located at the centre of the complex. The temple also contains a large number of subsidiary shrines, all dedicated to different gods and goddesses, as well as a large mandir (Hindu temple), which is dedicated to Vishnu.
The Bhojshala is one of the oldest temples in Varanasi and is said to have been built by King Bhagiratha in accordance with a divine curse that he received from the god Shiva. According to Hindu belief, the curse prevented Bhagiratha from drinking the nectar of immortality from the River Ganges and forced him to build a temple in honour of Vishnu instead. The construction of the temple is said to have taken eighteen years.
The Bhojshala is one of the most popular pilgrimage destinations in India and receives thousands of visitors every day. The temple is open from sunrise to sunset every day and has extensive facilities for pilgrims, including restaurants, dormitories, hospitals, and markets. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.403612 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cañada, Guanajuato'
La Cañada (officially known as Cañada de | La Cañada (officially known as Cañada de Caracheo) is a small town in the municipality of Cortazar, in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. City elevation is 1 mile (5643 feet) above sea level; with a population of about 2,400. Founded in 1612, La Cañada lies between the hills of La Gavia and El Culiacán. The word Cañada refers to the Spanish word for land between two elevated bodies of earth; Caracheo comes from the Purépecha word carachi, which means dried water. La Cañada is known for having some of the richest culture in the state, with the Fiesta del Padre Nieves every March 10 and the Fiesta de La Virgen de los Dolores starting a week before Easter Sunday, and running from Thursday 12 pm to Monday 6 am, with festivities throughout the year including the Novenas during the summer, Dia del Joven, Fiestas Patrias, and November 11 to commemorate Fray Elias del Socorro Nieves becoming a saint in the Vatican. (Cañada de Caracheo has its own saint.) | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.696087 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Albert Krantz'
Albert Krantz (December 7, 1517), German historian, | Albert Krantz (December 7, 1517), German historian, teacher, and author. He is best known for his works on the history of the Low Countries, which include the Historiae Francorum (1584), the Historiae Belgicae (1602–3), and the Nova historia Belgica (1635).
Albert Krantz was born in 1517 in Strasbourg, Alsace. After studying at the universities of Strasbourg and Basel, he became a teacher at the latter in 1541. In 1551 he became a professor of history at the University of Cologne, where he remained until his death.
Krantz's chief work is his Historiae Francorum (1584), a history of France from the earliest times to 1584. This was followed by the Historiae Belgicae (1602–3), a history of Belgium from its foundation to 1602; and the Nova historia Belgica (1635), an enlarged and revised edition of the Historiae Belgicae. Krantz also wrote a number of other historical works, including a biography of Emperor Charles V, a history of Switzerland, and an account of his travels in Italy. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.934167 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dietz v. Bouldin'
Dietz v. Bouldin, 579 U.S. ___ (2016), | Dietz v. Bouldin, 579 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a federal district court may rescind a discharge order and recall jurors for further service in the same case. Background
Hillary Bouldin's vehicle collided with Rocky Dietz's in 2009 in Bozeman, Montana, and Dietz sued Bouldin for damages. Bouldin removed the case to a federal district court. During the trial, Bouldin admitted that he was negligent, and was willing to cover Dietz's medical expenses ($10,136). The point of contention was whether Dietz was entitled for more compensation. During the course of deliberation, the jury sent the judge a note whether the damages have been paid or is covered by someone else; after consulting with the lawyers in both sides, the judge informed the jury that the answer to that question does not matter. The jury ruled in favour of Dietz but awarded $0 in damages. The judge thanked and discharged the jury. However, minutes later, the judge realized that it is impossible for the damages to be $0 while Dietz won – the jury returned an invalid verdict. The judge instructed the clerk of the court to re-empanel the jury. All except for one jurors have been in the hallway; the one juror only went back to a hotel to pick up his hotel receipt; no one discussed the case with any outsider. The judge collectively questioned the jury, was satisfied with the response, and gave out clarifying instructions. The re-empaneled jury returned a verdict in favour of Dietz, with $15,000 in damages. Dietz's counsel objected to re-empanelling and pushed for a new trial. The judge objected, saying that he did not want all the resources that the court spent wasted as a result of a new trial. Dietz appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit arguing that a judge does not have the authority to re-empanel the already-discharged jury. The Ninth Circuit ruled in favour of Bouldin. Dietz appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States and the Court granted certiorari. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.203009 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alexis Jacquemin'
Alexis Jacquemin (24 July 1938 – 14 | Alexis Jacquemin (24 July 1938 – 14 August 2004) was a Belgian economist. He received his PhD at the Université de Liège, and became a professor at the University of Louvain (UCLouvain) in 1974. In 1983, he was awarded the Francqui Prize on Human Sciences. Major publications
L'entreprise et son pouvoir de marché, 1967, (Spanish transl. La Empresa y su Dominio del Mercado, 1969).
La double imposition économique des bénéfices des sociétés et les mesures d'allègement, Louvain, 1968.
Le droit économique, 1970.
Fondements d'économie politique, 1970, new ed., 1986.
La magistrature économique - De economische magistratuur, ed. with G. Schrans, 1976.
Aspects juridiques de l'intervention des pouvoirs publics dans la vie économique, 1976.
Market Structure, Corporate Behaviour and the State (ed.), 1976.
Welfare Aspects of Industrial Markets (ed.), 1977.
Public Enterprise in the EEC, Part I : Belgium, Luxemburg, 1978.
Economie industrielle européenne, 1975, 2nd ed. 1979; Spanish transl.1982, Portuguese 1984).
European Industrial Organization, 1977, (It. transl.1979, Hungarian, 1981).
Les magistratures économiques et la crise, 1984.
European Industry : Public Policy and Corporate Strategy (ed.), 1984.
Sélection et Pouvoir dans la Nouvelle Economie Industrielle, 1985
The New Industrial Organization, 1987, (transl. in Dutch, German, Italian, Spanish and Japanese).
L'enjeu européen de 1992 (Cecchini-report), (contr.), 1988.
The Economics of 1992, (contr.), 1988.
The European internal market, trade and competition (ed.), 1989.
Barriers to entry and strategic competition, (co-authored), 1990.
Competition Policy in Europe and North America : economic issues and institutions, (co-authored), 1990.
Mergers and Competition Policy in the EC, De Vries Lectures in Economics, 1991
Fondements d'économie politique, with Henry Tulkens and Paul Mercier, 3d ed., 2001 | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.400518 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Subway Academy II'
Subway Academy II is a public alternative | Subway Academy II is a public alternative high school in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on the third floor of Beverley Street Public School, an elementary school for disabled children. Subway II (as it is referred to by many students) offers an unconventional approach to schooling, with a more flexible schedule, and one on one sessions with teachers. The school received its name from Subway Academy I, as it was an offshoot of that school. Despite the name, it is not accessible by the subway, and most students take the 510 Spadina streetcar to get to school. Nearby landmarks include Kensington Market, the University of Toronto, and the Art Gallery of Ontario. School & School Day
Students arrive between 9:00 and 11:00. When they arrive, they sign in on a whiteboard. Teachers then see students on a first-come-first-served basis. Consequentially, students who arrive at 9:00 may be finished for the day by 9:30, while students who show up closer to 11:00 may have to wait until well into the afternoon to be seen. If they arrive after 11:30 am, they may not be able to check in with their teachers at all. Students need to stay on the property until they have met all teachers on that day. During a typical meeting, the student will hand in completed assignments, discuss projects, work on new ideas and concepts, then pick up new assignments. Almost all work is done independently. Students are only scheduled to attend three days per week, but they are allowed to attend all five if they like. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.022792 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Imani Winds'
Imani Winds is an American wind quintet | Imani Winds is an American wind quintet based in New York City, United States. The group was founded by flutist Valerie Coleman in 1997 and is known for its adventurous and diverse programming, which includes both established and newly composed works. The word Imani means "faith" in Swahili. They are also active commissioners of new music with the intent of introducing more diverse composers to the wind quintet repertoire. Overview
The name "Imani Winds" was chosen by Coleman before she formed the quintet. She viewed it as a vision of what the quintet could mean to African-American and other underrepresented communities. Coleman wanted to form a chamber group to highlight the work of underrepresented composers and performers. Therefore, the group's initial members were all of African American and Latino ancestry. The group first included Valerie Coleman on flute, Toyin Spellman-Diaz on oboe, Monica Ellis on bassoon, Mariam Adam on clarinet, and Jeff Scott on french horn. In 2016 Mark Dover replaced Mariam Adam, in 2018 Brandon Patrick George replaced Valerie Coleman, and in 2021, Kevin Newton replaced Jeff Scott. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.633284 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Arica'
The Battle of Arica, also known as | The Battle of Arica, also known as the Battle of Tarapacá, was fought on November 14, 1879, as part of the War of the Pacific. It was a victory for the Chilean army over the Peruvian army.
The Battle of Arica was fought in the Andes region of Chile. The Chilean army, led by General Pedro Montt, faced off against the Peruvian army, led by General Antonio Linares. The battle began with a Chilean attack on the Peruvian lines, which quickly gained momentum. By late afternoon, the Chilean forces had broken through the Peruvian lines and had control of the battlefield. This victory allowed Chile to gain control of the Tarapacá region and ultimately win the War of the Pacific. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.402237 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alvarez hypothesis'
The Alvarez hypothesis posits that the mass | The Alvarez hypothesis posits that the mass of the Earth is not constant, but is slowly changing due to the effects of a gravitational force. According to the hypothesis, this force is caused by the gradual accumulation of smaller objects over time.
The Alvarez hypothesis has been debated for decades and there is still no clear evidence to support or disprove it. However, the hypothesis has been used to support arguments that the Earth is not a static planet, and that it may be in the process of evolving. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.471718 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Australian settlement'
The Australian settlement was a set of | The Australian settlement was a set of nation-building policies adopted in Australia at the beginning of the 20th century. The phrase was coined by journalist Paul Kelly in his 1992 book The End of Certainty. Kelly identified five policy "pillars" of the settlement: White Australia (a racially exclusive immigration policy); Protection (protective tariffs on imported manufactured goods); Wage Arbitration (compulsory arbitration for industrial disputes); State Paternalism (interventionist social and economic policies); and Imperial Benevolence (faith in the British Empire). These pillars profoundly influenced the way Australia developed over the coming decades and were only dismantled towards the end of the century. The term "settlement" refers to the way this constellation of policies emerged as a compromise between major interests in Australian society at that time, namely workers and employers. It has also been referred to as the Deakinite settlement, after its principal architect Alfred Deakin. Background
Britain's Australian colonies had developed rapidly and successfully in the 19th century to become a major exporter of certain commodities, notably wool. By the 1880s they had become among the wealthiest societies in the world and had also developed unusually strong labour movements. Some manufacturing for local consumption had also become established. This was supported and promoted in the Colony of Victoria by a protective tariff that had been introduced in 1866 to help generate local employment for migrants initially attracted to the gold fields. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.577988 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alexander Bestuzhev'
Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev , was a Russian | Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev , was a Russian writer and Decembrist. After the Decembrist revolt he was sent into exile to Caucasus where Russian Empire was waging the war against the Circassians. There writing under the pseudonym Marlinsky he became known as a romantic poet, short story writer and novelist. He was killed there in a skirmish. Biography
Alexander Bestuzhev came from the rich and noble Bestuzhev family. He received an excellent education. From a very young age his father prepared him for military service. Since he was not keen on mathematics he failed to enter the navy and began to serve as a dragoon in the Guard. In 1818 he was promoted to officer, he also served as aide-de-camp to several senior officers and he could make a successful career. However, he joined the Decembrists. Arguably he was not as radical as most of the conspirators and joined the plot not because he wanted to establish a republic in Russia but simply because many Decembrists were his friends; four of his brothers were also in the plot. Due to this fact and due to his confessions during the trial, he spent only a year and a half in prison and thereafter was sent into exile in Yakutia. Bestuzhev wanted to return to society and in order to obtain forgiveness he asked the authorities for transference to the army in Caucasus as a private. In 1829 he started serving in the 14th Chasseurs regiment. Though authorities were reluctant to promote degraded officers, Bestuzhev proved himself an outstandingly brave soldier and was finally promoted to officer in 1836. On 19 June 1837 he was killed in a skirmish with Circassians. Two of his brothers, Mikhail and Nikolay were sentenced to life at katorga for their part in the Decembrist plot in 1826. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.190104 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'HM Customs'
HM Customs (His or Her Majesty's Customs) | HM Customs (His or Her Majesty's Customs) was the national Customs service of England (and then of Great Britain from 1707, the United Kingdom from 1801) until a merger with the Department of Excise in 1909. The phrase 'HM Customs', in use since the Middle Ages, referred both to the customs dues themselves and to the office of state established for their collection, assessment and administration. The payment of customs duty (i.e. a levy on imported or exported goods) has been recorded in Britain for well over a thousand years. A centralised system for their collection has been in place since the 13th century, overseen since the 17th century by a Board of Commissioners (the Board of Customs). In 1909, HM Customs was merged with the Excise department (responsible for raising revenue from inland taxes) to create HM Customs and Excise (HMCE), responsible for all forms of indirect taxation. Just under a century later, HMCE was itself merged with the Inland Revenue (responsible for direct taxation) to create HM Revenue and Customs. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.484516 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bethesda, Ohio'
Bethesda is a village in Belmont | Bethesda is a village in Belmont County, Ohio, United States. It is part of the Wheeling, West Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,256 at the 2010 census. History
Bethesda has had three names: Burrs Mills, Fairmount, and Bethesda. When the railroad reached the village in 1852, the Central Ohio Railroad built a station and named it Burr's Mills in honor of Merrick S. Burr, who operated a sawmill in the area. In 1855, Burr laid out a village which he called Fairmount because of its high and beautiful location. Prior to that time, there was a store, the Bethesda Methodist Church, and a post office, all located about 2 miles south of the current town on what now CR 26, and the post office was named after the church. The store proprietor was the postmaster and when he moved his store to the town, the post office also was relocated but retained its name. As a result, the town was called Fairmount while the railroad station was Burr's Mills and the post office was Bethesda. In the late 1800s, the name of Bethesda was finally chosen for the town. Bethesda was incorporated as a village in 1910. In 1920, the town contracted with the E. Howard Watch & Clock Company to supply a town clock which was dedicated to Bethesda's World War I veterans, and erected atop the Orrison Cigar Co. building on Main Street. In 2010, the town clock was removed from service and placed in storage. In 2015, a local coal miner from Bethesda, Mr. Robert E. Murray, spearheaded the restoration of the clock and established the Murray Family Memorial Plazza. The facility and the restored clock have been dedicated to military veterans from all services and have been described as the "Times Square of Bethesda". | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.011076 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Compensation winding'
A compensation winding in a DC shunt | A compensation winding in a DC shunt motor is a winding that uses a different number of turns for each winding group, in order to compensate for the torque induced in the motor by the AC current. | wiki-intro | 1 | 35.428532 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Keyboard computer'
A keyboard computer is a computer which | A keyboard computer is a computer which contains all of the regular components of a personal computer, except for a screen, in the same housing as the keyboard. The power supply is typically external and connects to the computer via an adapter cable. The motherboard is specially designed to fit inside, and the device is larger than most standard keyboards. Additional peripheral components such as a monitor are connected to the computer via external ports. Usually a minimum of storage devices, if any, is built in. Most home computers of the late 1970s and during the 1980s were keyboard computers, the Sinclair ZX Spectrum and most models of the Atari ST, Xiao Bawang, Commodore 64 and Amiga being prime examples. While this form factor went out of style around 1990 in favour for more standard PC setups, some notable x86 keyboard computers have been built, like the Olivetti Prodest PC1 in 1988 and the Schneider EuroPC Series between 1988 and 1995. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.158751 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hedyscepe'
Hedyscepe canterburyana, the big mountain palm or | Hedyscepe canterburyana, the big mountain palm or Wellingtonia, is a species of palm native to New Zealand.
The Wellingtonia tree grows to a height of around 30 m and has a trunk diameter of up to 2 m. The trunk is fluted and covered in short, sharp spines. The leaves are large, up to 30 cm long and 10 cm broad, and are arranged in decussate pairs at the base of the stem. The inflorescence is a panicle of up to 30 flowers, each about 5 cm long and 3 cm wide. The flowers are white with a reddish tinge, and have five petals which are joined at their bases to form a tube. The fruit is a spherical maturing brown fruit which measures up to 8 cm in diameter. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.776573 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Rudimentals'
The Rudimentals are a nine-piece ska/reggae band | The Rudimentals are a nine-piece ska/reggae band from Cape Town, South Africa. The band's releases include two CDs, More Fire and Set It Proper, and a live DVD/CD combo of the 2007 Kirstenbosch Botanical Gardens Concert. More recently a new 5-song EP, Blaze Up The Fire was also released in November 2014, and a single track Bubbling for radio in February 2015. The band was previously signed to the United Kingdom-based Moon Ska World distribution label. The group is one of a handful of Cape Town reggae-influenced bands, and has been described as a South African institution in tourist guides and on websites. Career
The original members of the band were bassist Barry Clausen, guitarist Etienne Harris, drummer Duane Heydenreych and keyboardist Milandru Mapengo. It wasn't until they met with Zimbabwean showman Teboho (Teboes) Maidza that the band began to grow seriously. Teboes is known to have played alongside Andy Brown and Oliver Mtukudzi. The band subsequently took on a three-piece brass section, in the form of The University of Cape Town's Simon Bates on saxophone, Jody Engelbrecht on trumpet and Ross McDonald on trombone. Dirk Meerkotter replaced Milandru Mapengo on keys. | wiki-intro | 0 | 43.803829 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Halton Borough Council'
Halton Borough Council is the local authority | Halton Borough Council is the local authority for the borough of Halton in North West England. The council has its headquarters in the town of Runcorn.
The council was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the Municipal Borough of Halton and the Rural District of Halton. It was originally based in the town of Runcorn, but moved to new headquarters in the town of Halton in 2003. It is divided into 19 wards, each electing three councillors. The mayor is elected by the councillors at large.
The council provides a wide range of services including housing, planning, leisure and tourism, roads, transport, environmental protection, social services, libraries and museums. The council is also responsible for running the town hall and its gardens. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.346078 | [
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Pseudeuophrys is a genus of jumping spiders | Pseudeuophrys is a genus of jumping spiders that occur in eastern and southeastern North America. They are small to medium-sized spiders, with a leg span of only 2.5-3.5 cm.
The genus Pseudeuophrys contains only four widely distributed species: the northern jumping spider (Pseudeuophrys acuminata), the red-footed jumping spider (Pseudeuophrys personata), the southern jumping spider (Pseudeuophrys flava), and the western jumping spider (Pseudeuophrys meridionalis). These spiders are fast and agile, able to leap up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and run quickly on all four legs. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.591337 | [
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Dario Cabanelas Rodríguez, born in Trasalba, Ourense, | Dario Cabanelas Rodríguez, born in Trasalba, Ourense, Galicia, on December 9, 1907, was a Spanish painter and sculptor. He died in Madrid on December 5, 1989.
Cabanelas was a painter of great sensuality and lyrical intensity, whose canvases are characterized by their luminosity and their ability to capture the atmosphere of a place or a moment. He was also a sculptor, working mainly in bronze. His art is often compared to that of Vincent van Gogh and Pablo Picasso. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.188779 | [
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why do Checkers and Rally's restaurants exist to serve the same food, but have two different names? Really scratching my head with this one Please explain like I' m five. | Typically that means they were originally separate companies, which merged but kept the same names because those brands had a good reputation in their area. From [Wikipedia] (URL_ 0): > Originally separate companies serving different geographic areas with Checkers serving the Southeast and Rally's serving the Midwest, Checkers and Rally's Hamburgers, Inc. merged in August 1999. > Checkers and Rally's had similar concepts, being almost exclusively drive-thru with very little seating. After the merger, Rally's began redesigning its restaurants to follow the Checkers look. Today, with the exception of a different name on the sign, Checkers and Rally's restaurants look nearly identical. * * tl; dr: * * Similar fast-food companies merged, and redesigned one of the brands to more closely resemble the other. I find it so bizarre. I'm not a business man, but if I bought a company, I wouldn't waste my time or money owning two trademarks that serve the exact same purpose | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 28.00909 | [
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