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Why do people buy branded painkillers? As the title says. They contain exactly the same active ingredients as the cheap supermarket ones, but are up to 10x the price. Is there any added benefit to buying brands? Please explain like I' m five. | There are a few reasons why people might choose to buy branded painkillers over the cheaper, generic options: 1. Some people believe that branded painkillers are more effective because they are made by well-known, trusted companies. 2. Branded painkillers often come in more convenient packaging, such as individually wrapped doses or bottles with built-in dispensers. 3. Some people prefer the taste or texture of certain branded painkillers. 4. Some people believe that branded painkillers are of higher quality because they are more expensive. Overall, it's a matter of personal preference. Some people are willing to pay more for the convenience, perceived quality, or other factors offered by branded painkillers, while others are happy to save money by using the generic versions. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 9.059361 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'James Nazroo'
James Nazroo, PhD, MBBS FBA FaCSS, is | James Nazroo, PhD, MBBS FBA FaCSS, is a Professor of Medicine at the University of Liverpool and a leading expert on global health. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FAMS).
He is best known for his work on global health, obesity, diabetes, infectious diseases and public health. He has written or edited 10 books, including two international bestsellers - The Global Diabesity Epidemic: How To Stop It Now and The Future of Obesity: A Global Perspective.
He has also been involved in many ground-breaking research projects, including the Liverpool Epidemiology Unit's work on Chagas disease and Liverpool's role in the development of the world's first national diabetes strategy. He has been a consultant to the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
He has made significant contributions to public understanding of global health issues, through broadcasting, writing and speaking. He was a regular contributor to BBC Radio 4's Today programme from 2007-2013, and has also appeared on BBC World News, Channel 4 News and Sky News. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.103241 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cryogenic particle detector'
Cryogenic particle detectors operate at very low | Cryogenic particle detectors operate at very low temperatures, typically in the range of -269.15 degrees Celsius (-553.59 degrees Fahrenheit). This extreme cold allows the detector to detect particles that would otherwise be too small or too fast for conventional detectors. Cryogenic particle detectors are used to study the physics of particles that exist in the very low temperatures of the universe. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.987365 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dessoff Choirs'
The Dessoff Choirs is an independent chorus | The Dessoff Choirs is an independent chorus based in New York City. Margarete Dessoff established the organization in 1930 as the union of two choirs she directed, the Adesdi chorus and the A Cappella Singers, whence the plural Choirs. Today, the plural connotes Dessoff's various ensembles, which range from the large Dessoff Symphonic Choir, which appears with major orchestras, to the smaller Dessoff Chamber Choir, which performs in more intimate settings. The performance of new, unusual, or rarely heard works is a central facet of Dessoff's mission. Under Mme. Dessoff's baton, the Dessoff Choirs gave many premieres, including the American premiere of Arnold Schönberg's Friede auf Erden, the first American performance of Orazio Vecchi's L'Amfiparnaso, and the New York premiere of Bach's cantata Christ Lag in Todesbanden. Dessoff's second conductor, Paul Boepple, continued to champion early music, and when he retired after 32 years as musical director, early music had seen its modern renaissance, one in which Dessoff had played a significant role. In 1951, the Dessoff Choirs performed with the New York Wind Ensemble at a special Peabody Mason Concert series commemorating the Paris Bi-Millennial year. During Mr. Boepple's tenure, the Choirs released 13 recordings, and his editions were published by Theodore Presser as the Dessoff Choir Series. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.280949 | [
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why don't all states have a deposit on cans and glassware? Seeing how states that have deposits on cans and glassware have higher percentages when there is a deposit, wouldn't it be beneficial to have deposits in all states? Please explain like I' m five. | States that have deposits on cans and glassware, also known as "bottle bills," often have higher recycling rates for those items because the deposit provides a financial incentive for people to recycle them. This can be beneficial because recycling cans and glassware helps to conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and save energy.However, not all states have bottle bills for a few reasons. One reason is that it can be more expensive for businesses to manage the bottle deposit system, and they may pass those costs on to consumers through higher prices. Additionally, some people argue that the bottle deposit system is not the most efficient way to increase recycling rates and that other methods, such as curbside recycling programs, might be more effective. Finally, implementing a bottle deposit system can require a significant amount of time and resources, and some states may not have the political will or infrastructure in place to do so. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 10.497082 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Debasis Chakroborty'
Debasis Chakroborty (born 9 June 1961) is | Debasis Chakroborty (born 9 June 1961) is an Indian classical slide guitar player who belongs to the Senia-Maihar Gharana. Chakroborty was born in Calcutta, India, and was groomed in the atmosphere of music from his childhood. He began learning guitar from his father Sh. Madhusudan Chakroborty. He then came under the tutelage of Pt. Barun Kumar Pal, a renowned guitarist from Kolkata and Pandit Jotin Bhattacharya, an eminent Sarod player and senior disciple of Ustad Baba Allauddin Khan Sahib of Maihar Gharana. Later on, Debasis became a disciple of the guitar maestro Pundit Brij Bhushan Kabra. Debasis's style of playing combines both Gayaki and Tantrakari Angs. He is still following the oldest tradition of playing Sarode, Sitar and Veena with his modified Hawaiian guitar, which has its own beautiful technical virtuosity and three-octave advantages. His purity of style, uniqueness of imagination and total absorption with melody coupled with his brilliant technique in which "Tantrakari" and "Layakari" are prominent and make his recital enchanting.
He is an "A" grade artiste of Broadcasting Corporation of India (All India Radio & Television) in both Hindustani Classical and light music and performed in the prestigious National programme. He is an ICCR empanelled artiste under the Ministry of external affairs, Govt. of India. He visited several Universities and institutions around the world( including Monash University, Melbourne, Australia) as visiting faculty/ Artist in Residence and performed in many prestigious concerts and conferences which were widely appreciated. At present, he lectures in the Department of Music, Institute of Visual Performing Arts & Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.152691 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Personal jurisdiction'
Personal jurisdiction is a court's jurisdiction over | Personal jurisdiction is a court's jurisdiction over the parties, as determined by the facts in evidence, which bind the parties to a lawsuit, as opposed to subject-matter jurisdiction, which is jurisdiction over the law involved in the suit. Without personal jurisdiction over a party, a court’s rulings or decrees cannot be enforced upon that party, except by comity; i.e., to the extent that the sovereign which has jurisdiction over the party allows the court to enforce them upon that party. A court that has personal jurisdiction has both the authority to rule on the law and facts of a suit and the power to enforce its decision upon a party to the suit. In some cases, territorial jurisdiction may also constrain a court's reach, such as preventing hearing of a case concerning events occurring on foreign territory between two citizens of the home jurisdiction. A similar principle is that of standing or locus standi, which is the ability of a party to demonstrate to the court sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action challenged to support that party's participation in the case. International principles
Since there is no world government which all countries recognize to arbitrate disputes over jurisdiction, sovereign powers can find themselves in conflict over which is the more appropriate venue to hear a case, or which country's laws should apply. These conflicts are sometimes resolved de facto by physical factors, such as which country has physical possession of a defendant or property, or sometimes by use of physical police or military force to seize people or property. A country with loose rule of law – for example an absolute monarchy with no independent judiciary – may arbitrarily choose to assert jurisdiction over a case without citing any particular justification. Such assertion can cause problems, such as encouraging other countries to take arbitrary actions over foreign citizens and property, or even provoking skirmishes or armed conflict. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.776505 | [
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Can somebody explain the Monty Hall problem to me? I've read the Wikipedia article and I just can't get my head around it. Explain like I' m five. | Sure! The Monty Hall problem is a famous puzzle that involves probability and decision-making. Here's how it works: Imagine you're on a game show, and the host gives you the choice of three doors. Behind one of the doors is a prize, and behind the other two doors are nothing. You pick a door, and the host, who knows what's behind each door, opens one of the doors you didn't pick to reveal that it doesn't have the prize. The host then gives you the option to stick with your original door or switch to the other remaining door. Now, the question is: Should you switch doors or stick with your original choice?, The answer might surprise you: You should switch doors! By switching doors, you actually have a 2/3 chance of winning the prize, instead of the 1/3 chance you have if you stick with your original choice. Here's why: When you pick a door, you have a 1/3 chance of picking the door with the prize behind it. If the host opens one of the other doors and it doesn't have the prize, that means the prize must be behind the door you didn't pick. So, if you switch to that door, you have a 2/3 chance of winning the prize. I hope that helps! Let me know if you have any more questions. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.187413 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bleep (store)'
Bleep is an online independent record shop | Bleep is an online independent record shop, founded in 2006 by brothers Nat and Sean Eldridge in Manchester, England. It stocks a wide range of vinyl, CDs and music-related items, including rare and collectable records, CDs and DVDs.
Bleep stocks a wide range of vinyl, CDs and music-related items, including rare and collectable records, CDs and DVDs. The store also sells T-shirts, hoodies and other merchandise. Its online store has a wide range of music from classic rock to electronica. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.320884 | [
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What they do aboard the ISS? So, what do they do and how do they not get bored? Aren't they up there for years at a time? Explain like I' m five. | They're up there for months at a time, not years. The longest spaceflights were a little over a year, and those were done by Russians back in the day. 6-8 months is more common now. They work. They work to maintain themselves (exercise), and work to maintain the space station (it doesn't build or fix itself), and they do experiments sent up there by Earth scientists. Lesser astronauts typically get stuck doing unimportant science-y things. The smartest, strongest, smoothest, best-looking astronauts film music videos on the ISS. Astronaut's schedules are packed full-from 6 am to 9: 30 pm. The schedule can be broken down into as little as 5 or 10 minute increments. They don't just sit around twiddling their thumbs. URL_ 0 | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 82.301704 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Justice Wright'
Justice Wright may refer to:
Archibald Wright | Justice Wright may refer to:
Archibald Wright (judge) (1809–1884), Associate Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
Benjamin D. Wright (1799–1874), Associate Justice of the Florida Supreme Court
Charles T. Wright, Associate Justice of the Washington Supreme Court
Daniel Thew Wright Sr. (1825–1912), member of the Ohio Supreme Court Commission
Donald Wright (1907–1985), Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California
George G. Wright (1820–1896), Associate Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court
J. Craig Wright (1929–2010), Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
John C. Wright (Ohio politician) (1783–1861), Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
John F. Wright (1945–2018), Associate Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court
John Vines Wright (1828–1908), Associate Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court
Jonathan Jasper Wright (1840–1885), Associate Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court
Lance Wright, Justice of the Court of Arbitration of New South Wales
Robert Samuel Wright (1839–1904), BCL, Justice of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division)
Robert Wright (judge, died 1689) (died 1689), Chief Justice of the King's Bench of England
Robert Wright (Chief Justice of South Carolina) (1666–1739), Chief Justice of South Carolina from 1725
Samuel T. Wright III, Associate Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court
Solomon Wright, Associate Justice of the Maryland Court of Appeals
Wilhelmina Wright (born 1964), Associate Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court
William B. Wright (1806–1868), Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.246856 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edward S. Kiek'
Edward Sidney Kiek (5 August 1883 – | Edward Sidney Kiek (5 August 1883 – 23 February 1960) was a New Zealand journalist and editor, who served as the editor of the Wellington Times from 1929 to 1948. He also wrote books and articles on politics, history and the arts.
Kiek was born in Wellington on 5 August 1883 to Edwin Kiek and his wife, Clara. He attended Wellington College from 1901 to 1904, graduating with honours in mathematics and classics. After leaving school, he worked briefly as a bank clerk before becoming a journalist in 1908, working for the Wanganui Times and the Taranaki Daily News. He moved to Wellington in 1916 and became the editor of the Wellington Times, serving until 1948.
Kiek was also a writer, publishing books on politics, history and the arts. He died on 23 February 1960. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.745558 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Poor-Whores Petition'
The Whores' Petition (also known as The | The Whores' Petition (also known as The Great Petition of London) was a document written in 1640 by a group of women, many of whom were prostitutes, calling for the decriminalization of prostitution.
The Whores' Petition was written in 1640 by a group of women, many of whom were prostitutes, calling for the decriminalization of prostitution. The petition was addressed to King Charles I and argued that the criminalization of prostitution was unjust and did not protect the women involved. The petition was signed by over 1,500 women, including some of the most famous prostitutes in London at the time, and it is considered to be one of the earliest examples of organized campaigning on behalf of sex workers.
The Whores' Petition has been instrumental in shaping subsequent debates around sex work and reproductive rights. It has been used as evidence in many subsequent legal cases involving sex workers, and its influence can be seen in contemporary movements such as the Sex Workers Alliance UK. The petition remains a valuable source of information and inspiration for campaigners working to protect sex workers' rights. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.5821 | [
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Why doesn't toilet water evaporate? It's water isn't it? Explain like I' m five. | Toilet water doesn't evaporate because it is not exposed to the air. In order for water to evaporate, it needs to be in contact with the air and the air needs to be warm and dry enough for the water to turn into a gas. When the water in a toilet is not exposed to the air, it doesn't have the chance to evaporate.
Toilet water is also usually very cold, which makes it harder for the water to evaporate. When water is cold, it takes more energy for it to turn into a gas, so it is less likely to evaporate.
So, while toilet water is made up of water molecules, it doesn't evaporate because it is not exposed to the right conditions for evaporation to occur. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 16.765854 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Adrien Manglard'
Adrien Manglard (; 10 March 1695 – | Adrien Manglard (; 10 March 1695 – 10 June 1759) was a French composer, violinist and violist.
Manglard was born in Lyon, France, the son of a musician. He studied the violin with his father and then with Jean-Pierre Rameau. He became a violinist at the Royal Concerts of Louis XIV of France, where his playing helped to improve the quality of the orchestra. In 1721 he became violist at the Concerts Spirituels. He also became court composer and ballet master to the duchess of Burgundy.
Manglard died in Paris, France. | wiki-intro | 1 | 15.856512 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Taj Mahal Bangladesh'
Taj Mahal Bangladesh is a full-scale | Taj Mahal Bangladesh is a full-scale copy of the original Taj Mahal (a Mughal mausoleum located in Agra, India) located east of the Bangladeshi capital, Dhaka in Sonargaon. Unlike the original, work on the building took only five years. Ahsan Ullah Moni, a wealthy Bangladeshi film-maker, announced his 'Copycat version of Taj Mahal' project in December 2008. The project cost about US$56 Million, and was built northeast of Dhaka. Moni has explained that he built a replica of the Taj Mahal so that the poor of his nation can realise their dream of seeing neighbouring India's famed monument. This caused complaints from Indian officials, "You can't just go and copy historical monuments" an official of Indian High Commission in Dhaka told press. Construction began in 2003, but Mr Moni says that he came up with the idea in 1980 when he first visited the real Taj in Agra, India. "Everyone dreams about seeing the Taj Mahal but very few Bangladeshis can make the trip because it's too expensive for them," he said. Mr Moni first visited the original in 1980 and has made six return trips. So enamoured was he of the site that he hired a group of architects and sent them to India to measure it. He said: "I used the same marble and stone as in the original Taj. We used machinery, which is why it took less time. Otherwise it would have taken 20 years and 22,000 workers to complete it". Mr Mittal, of the Indian High Commission, did concede that the replica was unlikely to detract from the magnificence of the original. He also admitted that visitors were unlikely to mix up one with the other. "A copy is a form of flattery, I suppose", he said. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.923441 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Amazon Music'
Amazon Music (previously Amazon MP3) is a | Amazon Music (previously Amazon MP3) is a digital music store and streaming service developed by Amazon. It offers over a million songs and 50 million albums, as well as access to tens of thousands of curated playlists and stations, and ad-supported or ad-free listening for Prime members.
Amazon Music was first announced in March 2014, with no prior notice given to the music industry. It was created to compete with Apple Music and Spotify, who had both been established for several years at that point. At launch, the service offered a limited selection of songs from major record labels. In November 2017, Amazon Music added 5 million songs from independent labels and artists to its catalog.
The service has been criticized for not having a standalone app, relying on the web browser instead, and not offering any exclusive content compared to the other two services. However, it has been praised for its expansive music library, personalization options, and ad-supported or ad-free listening for Prime members. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.423288 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Caulolatilus cyanops'
Caulolatilus cyanops, the blackline tilefish or ocean | Caulolatilus cyanops, the blackline tilefish or ocean sunfish, is a species of tilefish found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This species grows to a length of TL and has a distinctive black line running along its side. | wiki-intro | 1 | 31.726601 | [
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Is it ever logical to not deposit to a matched 401(k) account? | It is generally a good idea to contribute to a 401(k) account if you are eligible and your employer offers matching contributions. A 401(k) is a type of retirement savings plan sponsored by an employer, and it allows you to set aside a portion of your salary before taxes are taken out. This can help you save for retirement and potentially reduce your tax liability.There may be some situations where it might not make sense to contribute to a 401(k) account, but these are typically rare and would depend on your individual circumstances. For example, if you have high levels of debt that are costing you more in interest than you would save in taxes by contributing to a 401(k), you may want to focus on paying off your debt first. Additionally, if you have other pressing financial obligations, such as supporting a family or paying for a child's education, you may need to prioritize those expenses over saving for retirement.However, it is important to keep in mind that saving for retirement is an important financial goal, and the earlier you start saving, the more time your money has to grow. If you are unsure whether it is a good idea to contribute to a 401(k) account, you may want to consider consulting with a financial advisor or a tax professional to get personalized advice based on your specific circumstances. | hc3-finance | 1 | 6.217803 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Allan Bérubé'
Allan Bérubé (December 3, 1946 – December | Allan Bérubé (December 3, 1946 – December 16, 2016) was a Quebec writer, critic and university professor.
Born in Montreal, Bérubé studied literature at the Université de Montréal and then at Columbia University in New York City. He became a lecturer at McGill University in 1974, where he remained until his retirement in 2007.
Bérubé's writing draws on his experiences as a francophone Québécois living in English-speaking Canada. His books include literary criticism and essays on Canadian literature and culture, as well as fiction, including the six-volume novel The Middle Way. He also wrote a memoir, The Accidental Tourist (1996).
Bérubé was awarded the Governor General's Award for French-language writing in 2002 and the Prix Goncourt for his novel The Middle Way in 2006. He received the Order of Canada in 2013. Bérubé died of cancer at the age of 73 on December 16, 2016. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.150094 | [
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why it takes so long for power companies to restore power I am without power so I am curious. Going on 16 hours. Explain like I' m five. | I'm sorry to hear that you've been without power for so long. There could be a number of reasons why it takes time for power companies to restore power, but some common reasons include: The cause of the power outage needs to be identified and fixed: In order to restore power, the power company needs to find out what caused the outage. This could be something like a tree falling on a power line or a piece of equipment malfunctioning. Once the cause is found, the power company can start working on fixing it. Repairs can be complicated: Depending on the cause of the outage, it might take some time to fix the problem. For example, if a tree has fallen on a power line, the power company might need to remove the tree before they can repair the line. If the problem is with a piece of equipment, the power company might need to bring in specialized equipment or technicians to fix it. Safety is a top priority: Power company workers need to be very careful when working on repairing power lines and other equipment. They have to follow safety protocols to make sure they don't get hurt, and this can take time. There might be a lot of damage: If there has been a natural disaster like a storm or a hurricane, there might be a lot of damage to the power system. It could take a long time to fix all of the different problems that have occurred. I hope this helps to explain why it might take some time to restore power. It's important to be patient and to follow the instructions of the power company while they work to fix the problem. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.535942 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Morelli'
Morelli is an Italian surname. Notable people | Morelli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Praxède Larue'
Praxède Larue (September 2, 1823 – November | Praxède Larue (September 2, 1823 – November 29, 1902) was a physician and political figure in Quebec. He represented Portneuf in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1867 to 1878 as a Conservative. He was born François-Xavier-Praxède in Saint-Antoine-de-Tilly, Lower Canada, the son of Martin-Damase Larue and Marie-des-Anges Lefebvre. Larue was the grandson of François-Xavier Larue who served in the Lower Canada assembly. He was educated at the Petit Séminaire de Québec, studied medicine, was licensed to practise in 1844 and set up practice at Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures. In 1859, he married Henriette Couture. Larue served as president of the Hygiene Council for Quebec and was founder and president of the Colonization Society for Portneuf County. He was also a founding member of the Société Canadienne d’Études Littéraires et Scientifiques. In 1885, he was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec for La Salle division and served until 1896. He died at Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures at the age of 70. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.0951 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Boset'
Boset is one of the districts in | Boset is one of the districts in the city of Dakar, Senegal. The population in the 2006 census was 158,000. The district is divided into 5 arrondissements: Boset, Keur Senghor, Maa-Ngor, Petit Boset, and Tambacounda. The district is home to the Université de Dakar and the Institut National Polytechnique d'Abidjan.
Boset is one of the districts in Dakar, Senegal. It is located on the west bank of the Saint-Louis River and borders Keur Senghor to the north, Maa-Ngor to the east, Petit Boset to the south, and Tambacounda to the west. The district has an area of and a population of 158,000 in 2006. The district is home to the Université de Dakar and the Institut National Polytechnique d'Abidjan. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.004132 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Great Fetish'
The Great Fetish is a science fiction | The Great Fetish is a science fiction novel by American author Philip K. Dick. Published in 1954, it is the first book in Dick's tetralogy of novels known collectively as The Man in the High Castle.
The novel tells the story of a Nazi Germany that has been defeated by the United States, and is now ruled by a Japanese puppet regime. In this society, people are divided into two classes: the "Highlanders", who are the ruling elite, and the "Lowlanders", who are effectively slaves. One character, Juliana Crain, is Resistance member trying to free her people.
The book has been praised for its innovative ideas, and has been called one of the best science fiction novels ever written. It has also been cited as an influence on subsequent science fiction writers, including George Orwell and Ray Bradbury. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.218379 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Good Immigrant'
The Good Immigrant is an anthology of | The Good Immigrant is an anthology of twenty-one essays edited by Nikesh Shukla and first published by Unbound in the UK in 2016 after a crowd-funding campaign endorsed by celebrities. Written by British authors who identify as BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic), the essays concern race, immigration, identity, 'otherness', exploring the experience of immigrant and ethnic minority life in the United Kingdom from their perspective. Contributors include actor/musician Riz Ahmed, journalist Reni Eddo-Lodge, comedian Nish Kumar and playwright Vinay Patel. The compilation inspired the American sequel The Good Immigrant USA, published in 2017, which featured BAME authors from the United States. Summary
The Good Immigrant is a book of 21 essays by BAME writers, described by Sandeep Parmar in The Guardian as "an unflinching dialogue about race and racism in the UK", which aims to "document… what it means to be a person of colour now" in light of what Shukla notes in the book's foreword "the backwards attitude to immigration and refugees [and] the systematic racism that runs through [Britain]". Written by twenty one British authors of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) backgrounds, The Good Immigrant explores the personal and universal experiences of immigrant and ethnic minority life in the United Kingdom. Shukla's book tells stories of "anger, displacement, defensiveness, curiosity, absurdity" as well as "death, class, microaggression, popular culture, access, freedom of movement, stake in society, lingual fracas, masculinity, and more". | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.68664 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Spanish Dancers'
The Spanish Dancers (French: Danseuses Espagnoles) was | The Spanish Dancers (French: Danseuses Espagnoles) was a ballet made for the Paris Opéra by Pyotr Petrovitch Tchaikovsky. The ballet was premiered on 8 December 1877 and was choreographed by Marius Petipa.
The Spanish Dancers tells the story of a young couple, Don José and Doña Inés, who are in love with each other but are unable to be together because of their families' feuding. José's father wants him to marry Doña Clara, José's cousin and Don Inés' mother wants her daughter to marry Don Fernando, José's uncle. The ballet culminates with a grand ball at which José and Inés are finally able to declare their love for each other. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.956765 | [
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The Nassau Electric Railroad was an electric | The Nassau Electric Railroad was an electric streetcar railway in Nassau County, New York, United States. The company was founded in 1896 by the merger of the Long Island Rail Road and the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. The line ran from Mineola to Hempstead, with a branch to Uniondale. It operated until 1951.
Nassau Electric Railroad began operations on June 21, 1896 as a merger of the Long Island Rail Road and Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company. The companies had been rivals in the electric streetcar market, but their rivalry had been put to an end with the merger. The line ran from Mineola to Hempstead with a branch to Uniondale. It was one of the earliest electric streetcar systems in the United States and was one of the largest in terms of route length at the time of its closure.
The Nassau Electric Railroad served a population of over 350,000 people and carried over 1 million passengers during its eleven-year existence. The line was also notable for its high ridership figures relative to other electric streetcar lines in the United States at the time. In addition, the Nassau Electric Railroad was one of the first systems in the United States to use trolley wire instead of overhead wire.
The Nassau Electric Railway closed on May 31, 1951 due to financial difficulties. The company filed for bankruptcy in 1950 and ceased operations that year. In 1951, all operations were turned over to MTA buses. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.259694 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Levodopa-induced dyskinesia'
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a form of | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a form of dyskinesia caused by the use of levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is one of the most common dyskinesias, affecting up to 20% of patients treated with levodopa.
There is no one definitive cause of LID, but it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the known risk factors include: previous history of LID, low levels of dopamine in the brain, and age.
Symptoms of LID usually begin shortly after starting levodopa treatment, and may include: sudden and uncontrolled movements (dyskinesia), difficulty speaking (dysarthria), and changes in mood or behavior. LID can be very disabling, and can lead to social isolation and distress for patients and their families.
There is currently no cure for LID, but treatments can help lessen its symptoms. Treatment options include: modifying levodopa dosage or therapy regimen, using antiparkinson medications that block dopamine receptors other than D2 (e.g., rotigotine or ropinirole), or using deep brain stimulation (DBS) to stimulate dopamine activity in the brain. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.836025 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Superstition in Pakistan'
Superstition in Pakistan is widespread and | Superstition in Pakistan is widespread and many adverse events are attributed to the supernatural effect. Superstition is a belief in supernatural causality: that one event leads to the cause of another without any physical process linking the two events, such as astrology, omens, witchcraft, etc., that contradicts natural science. In Pakistan, the Magical thinking pervades as many acts and events are attributed to supernatural and ritual, such as prayer, sacrifice, or the observance of a taboo are followed. Many believe that magic is effective psychologically as it has placebo effect to psychosomatic diseases. Scholars of Islam view superstition as shirk, denying the unity of God and against Sharia. Within Islam, shirk is an unforgivable crime; God may forgive any sins if one dies in that state except for committing shirk. Sleeping on your right side and reciting the Ayat-ul-Kursi of the Quran can protect person from the evil. In Pakistan, mental illness and psychological problems are considered by some to be an encounter with Shaitan (Satan) , evil jinns or demons who have taken over one's body and mind. It is also assumed that it is caused by the black magic performed by enemies and jealous persons. People, especially children and young girls, wear Ta'wiz (Amulet) to ward off evil eye. Spells, incantations and curses could also result in ghouls or churail haunting a person. Some homes and places are also believed to be haunted by evil ghosts (Bhoot) , satanic or other supernatural beings and they could haunt people living there especially during the night. Muslim holy persons (Imams, Maulvis, Sufis, Mullahs, Faqirs) perform exorcism on individuals who are believed to be possessed. The homes, houses, buildings and grounds are blessed and consecrated by Mullahs or Imams by reciting Qur'an and Adhan , the Islamic call to prayer, recited by the muezzin. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.047068 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mormons'
Mormons are a religious and cultural group | Mormons are a religious and cultural group originating from the United States. The church was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith, who claimed to have received divine revelation.
Today, Mormons represent one of the largest religious groups in the United States, with over 15 million members. They are known for their unique theology and practice of plural marriage, which was banned by the United States government in 1890. Mormons also maintain a strong presence in many other countries around the world. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.713192 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'All-American Canal'
The All-American Canal is an long | The All-American Canal is an long, artificial waterway that runs through the central and southern United States. The canal was conceived in the early 1800s and built between 1829 and 1853, primarily by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The canal was intended to improve transportation between the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico, and has been called one of the greatest engineering achievements of American history.
The All-American Canal is 109 miles long, running from the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico at Matagorda Bay, Texas. It is mostly a concrete channel, with a few sections of earth embankment. The canal has a total length of 52 miles with a width ranging from 12 to 18 feet. At its widest point, the canal is 22 feet wide. The canal consists of 22 main passages with a total capacity of 48 million cubic feet per day (m3/d).
The All-American Canal was conceived in the early 1800s as a way to improve transportation between the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico. At the time, transportation on these waterways was difficult and expensive due to their length and multiple channels. The All-American Canal was designed by Major General John J. Pershing and Colonel George B. McClellan, both prominent military officers at the time. The Corps of Engineers began construction on the canal in 1829, and it was completed in 1853.
The primary purpose of the All-American Canal was to bypass the difficult Yaz | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.703912 | [
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What is the most common and profitable investment for a good retirement in Australia? | There is no one "best" investment that is suitable for everyone. The most appropriate investment for your retirement will depend on your individual financial situation, risk tolerance, and investment goals. Some common investments that are often included in retirement portfolios include:Superannuation: Superannuation is a government-mandated retirement savings program in Australia. Contributions to a superannuation fund are made by both the employer and employee, and the funds are invested on behalf of the employee.Shares: Shares, or stocks, represent ownership in a company and can provide potential for capital growth. However, the value of shares can also go down, so they carry a higher level of risk compared to some other investments.Fixed interest: Fixed interest investments, such as bonds and term deposits, offer a fixed rate of return over a set period of time. These investments tend to be less risky than shares, but may also provide lower returns.Property: Investing in property can provide the potential for capital growth and rental income. However, investing in property also involves significant upfront costs and ongoing expenses, such as maintenance and insurance.It's important to diversify your investment portfolio and consider the potential risks and rewards of different types of investments. It's also a good idea to seek financial advice from a professional before making any investment decisions. | hc3-finance | 1 | 7.002857 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Burtonsville–Greencastle Express Line'
The Burtonsville–Greencastle Express Line, designated Route Z11, | The Burtonsville–Greencastle Express Line, designated Route Z11, was a weekday peak-hour bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between Silver Spring station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro and Burtonsville Crossing Park & Ride Lot in Burtonsville, Maryland. The line operated every 10–25 minutes during the weekday peak hours in the peak direction only. Route Z11 trips are roughly 50 minutes long. The line was suspended on March 18, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was replaced by Flash BRT in October 2020. Background
Route Z11 operated during the weekday peak-hours between Silver Spring station and Burtonsville Crossing Park & Ride Lot via Briggs Chaney Park & Ride Lot, Castle Boulevard, and Greencastle Park & Ride Lot via Columbia Pike, Castle Boulevard, Colesville Road, Briggs Chaney Road, Ballinger Drive, and Greencastle Road. The Z11 was an express route to supplement routes Z6 and Z8 during the weekday peak-hours operating express along Columbia Pike while routes Z6 and Z8 operate in Calverton (Z6) and Old Columbia Pike (Z8). The route was suspended during WMATA's reduced service as response to the COVID-19 pandemic on March 18, 2020 and did not return on August 23, 2020. Route Z11 operated out of Montgomery division prior to the suspension. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.344513 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'County of Pallars'
The County of Pallars or Pallás | The County of Pallars or Pallás was a de facto independent petty state, nominally within the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia during the ninth and tenth centuries, perhaps one of the Catalan counties, originally part of the Marca Hispanica in the ninth century. It was coterminous with the upper Noguera Pallaresa valley from the crest of the Pyrenees to the village of Tremp, comprising the Vall d'Àneu, Vall de Cardós, Vall Ferrera, the right bank of the Noguera Ribagorçana, and the valley of the Flamicell. It roughly corresponded with the historic region of Catalonia called Pallars. Its chief city was Sort. Carolingian foundations
The early history of Pallars, which was the easternmost extent of Basque settlement, is linked to that of its western neighbour, Ribagorza. Both territories, nominally lands of the Moors, came under the sway of the count of Toulouse perhaps as early as 781, perhaps as late as the start of the 9th century. They formed in turn a new province attached to Toulouse and therefore became Carolingian vassals. | wiki-intro | 0 | 37.246983 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ramanbhai Neelkanth'
Ramanbhai Mahipatram Nilkanth (13 March 1868 | Ramanbhai Mahipatram Nilkanth (13 March 1868 – 5 March 1949) was an Indian independence activist and lawyer who served as the sixth Chief Justice of India.
Ramanbhai was born on 13 March 1868 in the princely state of Bharatpur, now in Rajasthan, into a Marathi-speaking Hindu family. He studied law at the University of London, where he became involved in Indian independence movements. In 1914, he returned to India and helped organise the Indian National Congress. In 1919, he was elected to the Bombay Legislative Council and served as its president from 1921 to 1923.
In 1923, Ramanbhai was appointed Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court and served in that post until his retirement in 1946. During his time as Chief Justice, he played a leading role in the legal reforms of India. He also served as chairman of the Indian delegation at the United Nations General Assembly from 1946 to 1947. Ramanbhai died on 5 March 1949. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.104305 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Prisoners (painting)'
The Prisoners (Polish: Aresztanci, also known as | The Prisoners (Polish: Aresztanci, also known as The Wretched) is a painting by the Polish artist Jan Matejko, painted in 1876. It is currently on display at the National Museum in Warsaw.
The painting is an oil on canvas, measuring 203 cm × 137 cm. The painting was created between 1876 and 1878 and it depicts five figures, three of which are in chains. The subject matter is inspired by the French Revolution, specifically the Reign of Terror.
The painting is considered to be one of Matejko's most famous works and it has been exhibited at numerous art galleries around the world. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.619292 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edward McMillan-Scott'
Edward McMillan-Scott (born 15 August 1949) is | Edward McMillan-Scott (born 15 August 1949) is a British politician. He was a pro-EU Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Yorkshire and the Humber constituency from 1984 until 2014. He was the last and longest-serving UK Vice-President of the European Parliament 2004-2014 with the Human Rights and Democracy portfolio. In 1992 he founded the EU's Instrument for Human Rights and Democracy, which has an annual budget of €1.5 billion and remain's the world's largest dedicated programme. He was leader of then 36 Conservative MEPs 1997-2001. He contested David Cameron's withdrawal from the majority centrist European People's Party (EPP) group after the 2009 Euro-elections and refused to sit with its nationalist successor, the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group. He then sat as an Independent and Liberal Democrat until 2014. In the 2014 election he lost his seat as an MEP. McMillan-Scott was elected Patron of the non-party European Movement UK, a pro-EU membership organisation founded by Winston Churchill, at its London AGM in 2014. Since 2017 he has coordinated a forum of operational pro-European organisations known as Where Next for Brexit?. This was the stakeholder forum for the Grassroots Coordinating Group set up by former MPs Chuka Umunna and Anna Soubry to argue for a second referendum on Brexit and is now closely linked to the European Movement. McMillan-Scott and colleagues raised over £2 million for the People's Vote campaign, launched in April 2018 to campaign publicly for a second referendum. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.435692 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Krystyna Zachwatowicz'
Krystyna Zachwatowicz-Wajda (born Krystyna Zachwatowicz; 16 May | Krystyna Zachwatowicz-Wajda (born Krystyna Zachwatowicz; 16 May 1933 – 10 November 2010) was a Polish film director, screenwriter, producer and actress. Known for her distinctive visual style and often provocative and controversial films, she has been described as one of the most influential and important filmmakers of her generation.
Zachwatowicz was born in Warsaw, Poland, the daughter of Jadwiga (née Gumieńska) and Tadeusz Zachwatowicz. She made her debut as an actress in 1963 in the Polish film Nowa Huta. She later directed her first feature film, A Short Film About Killing, in 1976. Her first international success came with the award-winning 1978 drama Ashes and Diamonds, which she co-wrote with Wojciech Has. Zachwatowicz's subsequent films include The Pianist (2002), Life Is a Miracle (2004), Woman in Gold (2015), and Forever My Mistress (2018).
Zachwatowicz died of a heart attack on 10 November 2010 at the age of 78, in Warsaw. | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.27098 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pan-Electric Industries'
Pan-Electric Industries was a Singapore-based company that | Pan-Electric Industries was a Singapore-based company that specialised in marine salvage work, and had 71 subsidiary companies, including hotel and property interests, with a market capitalization of S$230 million. The company collapsed in 1985 due to unsettled forward contracts, forcing the stock exchanges of both Singapore and Malaysia to shut down for three days. At its demise, the company had a total debt of S$480 million, and all its shares held by 5,500 shareholders were found to be worthless overnight. As of 2000, it remains the largest corporate collapse in Singapore's history, and the only instance where the Stock Exchange of Singapore (SES) had to close. The Malaysian Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange was also forced to close for three days as a result. In the aftermath of the collapse, key people in the company such as Peter Tham, Tan Kok Liang, and Tan Koon Swan were prosecuted and given varying jail sentences. The collapse of the company shook public confidence in the SES, causing prices of stocks to plunge. New securities laws were introduced in March 1986 to ensure that stockbroking firms can protect themselves against credit risks. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.518135 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Quillehuyte County, Washington'
Quillehuyte County was a Washington Territory county | Quillehuyte County was a Washington Territory county that was created on February 2, 1853. It became a part of the state of Washington on January 26, 1889. The county seat was located at Walla Walla.
Quillehuyte County was created from the eastern portion of Whitman County. It included all of the present-day counties of Chelan, Douglas, Grant, Kittitas, Lincoln, Okanogan, and Yakima. The county's area was 1,693 square miles (4,906 square kilometers).
The population of Quillehuyte County in 1890 was 8,822. The population growth rate from 1890 to 1900 was 10%. The county's population in 1910 was 11,527. The population growth rate from 1910 to 1920 was 9%. The county's population in 1930 was 12,727. The county's population growth rate from 1930 to 1940 was 6%. The county's population in 1950 was 14,959. The county's population growth rate from 1950 to 1960 was 2%. The county's population in 1970 was 17,014. The county's population growth rate from 1970 to 1980 was 0%.
The economy of Quillehuyte County in 1890 was based on agricultural production. The largest agricultural product produced in the county was wheat. Other major agricultural products produced in the county included hay, potatoes, and apples. The largest industry in the county in 1890 was sheep farming. Other major industries in the county included flour milling and lumber production. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.156054 | [
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Intentions of Deductible Amount for Small Business | If your sole proprietorship losses exceed all other sources of taxable income, then you have what' s called a Net Operating Loss (NOL). You will have the option to "carry back" and amend a return you filed in the last 2 years where you owed tax, or you can "carry forward" the losses and decrease your taxes in a future year, up to 20 years in the future. For more information see the IRS links for NOL. Note: it' s important to make sure you file the NOL correctly so I' d advise speaking with an accountant. (Especially if the loss is greater than the cost of the accountant...) | hc3-finance | 0 | 40.038986 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'José Yves Limantour'
José Yves Limantour y Márquez (; 26 | José Yves Limantour y Márquez (; 26 December 1854 – 26 August 1935) was a Mexican financier who served as Secretary of the Finance of Mexico from 1893 until the fall of the Porfirio Díaz regime in 1911. Limantour established the gold standard in Mexico, suspending free coinage of silver, and mandating only government coins be used. He secured the national debt in 1899 with a consortium of foreign banks, and at the time of the outbreak of the Revolution, Mexico was on strong financial basis. Before the Mexican Revolution he was widely seen, along with General Bernardo Reyes, as one of the stronger candidates to succeed President Díaz. Early life
José Limantour was born on 26 December 1854 in Mexico City, Mexico. His parents were Joseph Yves Limantour, a ship captain from Brittany, France, and Adela Márquez, who was Mexican. The Limantour family grew wealthy through land speculation in Baja California and Mexico City when the Liberals seized church property, redistributing land. After private primary schooling in Mexico, Limantour went to Europe at 14. On his return from that journey he attended the National Preparatory School. He received a law degree with specialized studies in economics and management. At the inception of Porfiriato, he was teaching at the School of Commerce and the National School of Jurisprudence. He also wrote for the legal journal El Foro (The Forum) from 1877 to 1882. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.63088 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Samuel Chipman'
Samuel Chipman (October 18, 1790 – November | Samuel Chipman (October 18, 1790 – November 10, 1868) was a United States Representative from Maine.
Born in Thomaston, Maine, Chipman attended the common schools and graduated from Bowdoin College in 1810. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1815. He commenced practice in Thomaston and served as member of the State house of representatives in 1816 and 1817. He was appointed judge of the court of common pleas for Cumberland County, Maine, in 1817 and served until 1826.
Chipman was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Twenty-third Congress (March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1838. He resumed the practice of law in Thomaston and served as judge of the court of common pleas for Cumberland County from 1840 to 1852. He served as delegate to the National Democratic Convention at Philadelphia in 1844.
Chipman was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1849 – March 3, 1851). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1850. He resumed the practice of law in Thomaston and died there November 10, 1868. He was interred in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.662121 | [
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What if we extinguished the need for currency? Is currency the only thing holding us back for consuming faster then we already are Explain like I' m five. | I'm not entirely sure what you mean by "holding us back," but in terms of your question: Basically, we will always need some form of currency in a capitalistic economy. As long as there is trade, there is a need for a medium of exchange. Cash/currency is that medium for most capitalistic economies. Currency is a more than just a piece of paper, plastic, or metal with fancy designs and representations of one's nation. It is an incredibly convenient way of bartering. Imagine a world without money. Now imagine, in that world, that you want to barter for a car. You are a chicken "farmer" and you go in to buy this car. The salesman says "i'll give you this brand new car for 25, 000 chickens. Living chickens" Now you have to come up with 25, 000 chickens, transport them to the salesman in all the heavy crates on some trucks. Depending on how far away this car salesman is, your transaction just got a lot more costly. Cash greatly reduces the transactions costs. In other words, it's a whole hell of a lot easier to carry around the cash equivalent for the car than it is for the chicken equivalent. Now, say you only produce chickens, the car salesman only wants apples, and the apple picker only wants chickens. Now you have to get the apples from the apple picker and then trade those to the car salesman. This is illustrating the "double coincidence of wants" idea. Cash allows all three of these parties to barter with something they all want and find value in. This also leads to specialization. You can specialize on producing your chickens knowing that they will be demanded by someone else and you can exchange them for cash. You don't have to worry about producing apples for your car (this goes along with the "double coincidence of wants" idea). Anyways, currency already helps us consume a lot faster than humanity has in the past. Debit cards and credit cards (although credit's not really the same as currency) help facilitate this. So going back to your question, if we extinguished the need for currency (or i guess if we just stopped using it), people would likely stop purchasing things as frequently and production would slow. It would become more costly to consume, but * costly * in terms of energy, time, etc. * * NOT * * costly in terms of cash, since it wouldn't exist. EDIT. Source-Finance and Economics major and discussions about this with many of my professors one-on-one If we extinguish the need for currency we remove the'banking system'which is supposed to control human endeavors. Humans are currently addicted to the use of money. At large they can't see any way around it and that's because too much of the infrastructure depends upon it. However, if you visit the rural parts of the world you'll find people are far more willing to perform services and give materials without the use of money, and sometimes without any interest in being paid. Ideally, doing things just for the sake of doing them is what would make a mature human society. But we don't have that. Capitalism has perverted the ideal use of money. Instead of controlling the use of resources on this planet it instead squanders them. The nature of money itself is to gather itself to fewer and fewer people. People with money tend to pay other people who have plenty of money, and so on. People with little money also tend to pay people who have plenty of money. This scarcifies money, inflating prices and removing the ability for the majority to make use of it. And people with money don't like anyone to upset their having all that money. If we were to remove money, we would have to share. Humans can do that. If they want to. Well, lets talk Utopia. You and I are going to found a new country, one where we have no need for currency. But I am lazy and you are hard working. How long does it take for you to get pissed at me for eating all the food you grew, and lounging around the mansion that you built, before you just kick me out? So you get mad, and we start a point system. Every work that each of us does earns us points that we can turn in for food or luxuries... And suddenly we have a currency. Currency is a more than just a medium of exchange, it is a (poor) guarantee of work performed. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 25.998405 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Part and Parcel'
Part and Parcel is the third extended | Part and Parcel is the third extended play by American singer and songwriter Halsey. It was released on October 12, 2018, by Astralwerks and Interscope Records.
Part and Parcel is the third extended play by American singer and songwriter Halsey. It was released on October 12, 2018, by Astralwerks and Interscope Records. The album was preceded by the singles "Now or Never" and "Hopeless".
The album has been met with positive reviews from music critics, who praised the production and Halsey's vocals. It debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 123,000 copies in its first week. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.413777 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'I'm Your Boy'
I'm Your Boy is the third Japanese | I'm Your Boy is the third Japanese studio album by South Korean boy group Super Junior. It was released on December 2, 2014, by SM Entertainment.
The album consists of twelve tracks, including the title track "I'm Your Boy" and the lead single "Sorry, Sorry". The album also features a Japanese version of the track "Don't Be Sorry" which was originally a Korean song. The album was promoted with the song "Good Evening" and the music video for "I'm Your Boy" which both charted in Japan.
Super Junior completed their world tour in November 2014, after which they began working on their new Japanese album. The members were eager to release an album that reflected their Japanese fans, and spent a lot of time perfecting the tracks. "I'm Your Boy" is the third Japanese studio album by South Korean boy group Super Junior. It was released on December 2, 2014, by SM Entertainment.
The album consists of twelve tracks, including the title track "I'm Your Boy" and the lead single "Sorry, Sorry". The album also features a Japanese version of the track "Don't Be Sorry" which was originally a Korean song. The album was promoted with the song "Good Evening" and the music video for "I'm Your Boy" which both charted in Japan.
Super Junior completed their world tour in November 2014, after which they began working on their new Japanese album. The members were eager to release an album that reflected their Japanese fans | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.904588 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Folland Gnat'
The Folland Gnat is a British compact | The Folland Gnat is a British compact car that was manufactured from 1965 to 1984.
The Folland Gnat was a small, rear-wheel drive sports car that was manufactured by Folland Motors Ltd. from 1965 to 1984. The Gnat was powered by a 1.1L (1,100 cc) engine that produced 48 hp (35 kW). The car had a top speed of 115 mph (185 km/h) and could accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 11.2 seconds. The Gnat was marketed as a competitor to the Mini Cooper and other small sports cars of the era. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.408362 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Trevor Leota'
Trevor Leota (born 8 February 1975) is | Trevor Leota (born 8 February 1975) is a New Zealand-born former rugby union player for Samoa. He currently coaches at the Footscray Bulldogs in Melbourne, Australia. Leota was born in Auckland, New Zealand, and won 30 caps for Samoa. Career
He is a hooker and has been widely recognised as one of the hardest tacklers in the game. He made his debut for Western Samoa in 1995 during a tour of the UK. He caught Nigel Melville's eye and was signed by Wasps in 1997, where he quickly became something of a cult figure for his uncompromising approach on the field, his colourful hair styles and his friendly nature off the pitch. Whilst at Wasps he helped them win the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 1999 and 2000; scoring a try in the latter final. For two weeks prior to the 2004 Heineken Cup final, Wasps strength and conditioning coach Paul Stridgeon moved into Leota's house to prevent him from indulging his passion for buckets of KFC. He helped Wasps win a hat-trick of Premiership titles in 2003, 2004 and 2005, playing in all three finals (2005 as a replacement). | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.382155 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Franciszek Vetulani'
Franciszek Ksawery Vetulani (15 November 1856 – | Franciszek Ksawery Vetulani (15 November 1856 – 11 December 1921) was a Polish engineer. Biography
He was born in Bochnia as the son of Michał Vetulani and Franciszka née Śliwińska. He had brothers Jan (1843–1918) and Roman (1849–1906) and sisters Aniela and Józefa. He attended Realschule and graduated with a maturity exam. Then he studied at the Lviv Polytechnic from 1873 until 1878. That year he obtained an engineer degree. He passed a second national exam. To learn, he travelled around Europe, visiting several countries including Germany and Czech Republic. He worked in Tarnów as a second-class engineer and in 1892 was made first-class engineer. Working as a clerk at the drainage office of the National Department in Lviv at the end of 1890s he was a director of the management office of the national branch of drainage in Tarnow. In 1911 as a senior engineer he was a head of construction-branches in Kraków. He obtained a title of construction engineer of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.270159 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Louis von Blessing'
Louis von Blessing (born Louis von Blessingh; | Louis von Blessing (born Louis von Blessingh; April 8, 1829 – July 15, 1887) was a Prussian-born Union brevet brigadier general during the period of the American Civil War. He received his appointment as brevet brigadier general dated to March 13, 1865. Von Blessing was born on April 8, 1829, at Philipshagen on the Island of Rusgen, Prussia. He received a college education and entered the Prussian Army until he was honorably discharged in 1858. Von Blessing emigrated to America and settled in Toledo, Ohio, where he worked as a clerk at a dry good store. After the war broke out, he became a captain in the 14th Ohio Infantry and later a captain in the 37th Ohio Infantry. Von Blessing was soon promoted to lieutenant colonel and colonel. He participated in nearly all of the important battles fought by the Army of the Tennessee. He was severely wounded in Vicksburg campaign, but he recovered in time to join Sherman's March to the Sea. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.933006 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Frederick Bracey'
Frederick Cecil Bracey (20 July 1887 – | Frederick Cecil Bracey (20 July 1887 – 28 March 1960) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire from 1906 to 1914 Bracey was born at Glossop, Derbyshire. He made his debut for Derbyshire in the 1906 season, in June against Northamptonshire when he only had the chance to bowl seven balls, and was last man in, scoring 1 in his second innings. However he took three wickets in his next match against Warwickshire and continued to play regularly for Derbyshire until 1909 averaging 2 wickets per match. In the 1907 season, he took 5 for 102 against the South Africans, and then in one match against Northamptonshire took 5 for 9 in the first innings and 6 for 36 in the second. In the 1908 season, he took 5 for 66 against Lancashire. He only played half the 1910 season, and did not play at all in 1911. He reappeared for Derbyshire in the 1912 season, maintaining his form and in the 1913 season, he took 6 for 62 against Northamptonshire. In the 1914 season, his performance was considerably down, and the First World War brought a halt to his first-class cricket career.
Bracey was a slow left-arm orthodox bowler who took 132 first-class wickets at an average of 23.65 and a best performance of 6-36. He had five 5 wicket innings and one 10 wicket match. He was a left-hand batsman and played 132 innings in 77 first-class matches with an average of 7.20 and a top score of 28. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.920964 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brad Strut'
Brad Strut is an Australian hip hop | Brad Strut is an Australian hip hop emcee and singer based in Melbourne. Strut has performed and released material as a solo artist, and is also a member of hip hop group Lyrical Commission. Biography
Brad Strut was born in Yarrawonga in the Victorian countryside, and moved to Melbourne when he was nine years old. He grew up in the Western suburbs and later in the inner Eastern suburbs of Melbourne. Strut became involved in hip hop initially with break dancing and graffiti, and then onto hip hop music.
Strut released his first demo, Rock On in 1993. In 1999, he joined up with fellow hip hop emcee, Trem One, to record "Basic Fundamentals", which was released on Trem's second 12", Amateurs, by Unkut Recordings. Also that year, Strut and Trem formed the hip hop band Lyrical Commission with Bob Balans and DJ J-Red. The group appeared on Culture of Kings Volume 1 (2000) with their track "Lyrical Mongrels". | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.67219 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Muhilankudieruppu'
Muhilankudieruppu is a village located in Agasteeswaram | Muhilankudieruppu is a village located in Agasteeswaram Taluk, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Located 4 km from Kanyakumari and 16 km from Nagercoil (capital town of Kanyakumari on the road connecting Kanyakumari with Nagercoil and nearest city Trivandrum (Kerala). The village is surrounded by paddy fields, coconut groves, element enriched and beautiful sea shore (Indian Ocean). Further, this village has a pleasant climate throughout the year and benefited by both north east and south west monsoons. Muhilai is divided into two parts, West Muhilai (mela) and East Muhilai (keezha). Keezha muhilai people worship Hindu Goddess Devi Mutharamman and mela muhilai people worship the Swamy Sriman Ayya Narayanaswamy. Nearly two thousand people live here and most of the people are well-educated; some work as doctors, engineers, scientists all over the world. Muhilankudieruppu has an average literacy rate of 94%, far higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 97%, and female literacy is 91%. The Holy place of Swamythoppu pathy (Ayyavazhi) is located near Muhilankudierrupu, 4 km away. Agriculture
Major crops under cultivations: Rice, Coconut, Banana, Mango, Tamarind and Cashew | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.136768 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Davies (archivist)'
John Davies, A.M.N. P.P.N. (July 27, 1925 | John Davies, A.M.N. P.P.N. (July 27, 1925 – October 21, 1999) was an archivist, writer, and recipient of the prestigious Ahli Mangku Negara award. He served as Executive Officer of the National Archives of Malaysia (Arkib Negara Malaysia), Petaling Jaya between the 1961 and 1977. He was the world's leading authority on the conservation and preservation of documents during his era. History
Davies was born in Parit Buntar, Perak, Malaysia to Joseph Sanghuni Nair and Marial Joseph, he was baptised as John Davies, and was of Indian Malayali Nair descent. During the Japanese occupation of Malaya in WWII Davies served as a rations officer. He later met Lord Mervyn Cecil Ffranck Sheppard (Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard), who had seen potential in Davies and offered him a junior position at the National Archives of Malaysia. Davies excelled in his profession, rose up the ranks and was promoted to Archives Executive Officer. Davies published several books and traveled overseas to England, where he studied and refined his art. Later on in his career Mr Davies was awarded the Ahli Mangku Negara award from the Raja of Selangor for his service at the Malaysian Archives. Being the world's leading figure on the subject of preservation, he was required to lecture on many occasions throughout Asia, Europe, Australia and Africa. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.053024 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Zack Steffen'
Zackary Thomas Steffen (born April 2, 1995) | Zackary Thomas Steffen (born April 2, 1995) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Manchester City and the United States national team. Early life
Born in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Steffen began playing soccer at the age of five with local rec league West Bradford Youth Athletics (WBYA). He began his travel soccer career as a defender with local club West Chester United. He switched to become a goalkeeper at the age of 10 after his team's keeper couldn't make it to a game. He joined FC DELCO in 2008, playing for the club in the U.S. Soccer Development Academy through high school. Steffen attended Malvern Preparatory School for his freshman and sophomore years before transferring to Downingtown West High School, appearing for the Whippets in the fall and playing with DELCO in the spring. With Downingtown, he was named the Ches-Mont League MVP as a senior while earning all-PIAA and all-American honors. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.50375 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Children's culture'
Children's culture includes children's cultural artifacts, children's | Children's culture includes children's cultural artifacts, children's media and literature, and the myths and discourses spun around the notion of childhood. Children's culture has been studied within academia in cultural studies, media studies, and literature departments. The interdisciplinary focus of childhood studies could also be considered in the paradigm of social theory concerning the study of children's culture. Children's cultural studies
In recent years, cultural studies scholars from various fields of study have deconstructed and assessed sociological issues specifically dealing with children's roles within a society's culture. The phrase "children's culture" was made most popular by a body of works known as The Children’s Culture Reader. The collection, edited by MIT’s Henry Jenkins, features various scholars discussing cultural themes about childhood and what it means to be a child. Jenkins describes the collection as being, “about how our culture defines what it means to be a child, how adult institutions impact children’s lives, and how children construct their cultural and social identities,”. These scholars view children as “active participants,” that possess social and political "agency," American historian Steven Mintz echoes that critics of children's culture focus on commercialization, commodification, and colonization of children | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.674755 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Incentivisation'
Incentivisation (British spelling) or incentivization (American spelling) | Incentivisation (British spelling) or incentivization (American spelling) is the practice of providing an incentive – typically in the form of a financial reward – to induce a person or group to perform an action.
The motivation for incentivising someone is to increase their motivation or productivity, and to reduce their motivation or productivity when it is counterproductive. Incentives can take many forms, such as money, privileges, recognition, or gifts.
One of the most common uses of incentives is in the workplace. For employees, incentives can help increase productivity andmotivation. For employers, incentives can help improve workflows and organisational performance. Incentives are also used in education to motivate students and promote learning.
There are a number of ethical considerations that must be taken into account when implementing incentives. For example, it may be unethical to offer financial rewards to employees who do not meet company goals. Additionally, it may be unethical to offer financial rewards to students who cheat on exams. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.374418 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Craig Morgan'
Craig Morgan Greer (born July 17, 1964) | Craig Morgan Greer (born July 17, 1964) is an American country music artist. A veteran of the United States Army as a forward observer, Morgan began his musical career in 2000 on Atlantic Records, releasing his self-titled debut album for that label before the closure of its Nashville division in 2000. In 2002, Morgan signed to the independent Broken Bow Records, on which he released three studio albums: 2003's I Love It, 2005's My Kind of Livin', and 2006's Little Bit of Life. These produced several chart hits, including "That's What I Love About Sunday", which spent four weeks at the top of the Billboard country charts while also holding the No. 1 position on that year's Billboard Year-End chart for the country format. A greatest hits package followed in mid-2008 before Morgan signed to BNA Records and released That's Why later that same year. After exiting BNA, Morgan signed with Black River Entertainment and released This Ole Boy in 2012, followed by A Whole Lot More to Me in 2016. Morgan has charted seventeen times on the Billboard country charts. Besides "That's What I Love About Sunday", six more of his singles have reached that chart's top ten: "Almost Home", "Redneck Yacht Club", "Little Bit of Life", "International Harvester", "Love Remembers", and "Bonfire". | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.262537 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hambro (surname)'
Hambro is a surname. Notable people with | Hambro is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
-Sven Hambro (1910-1989), Swedish economist and politician who served as Minister of Finance for Sweden from 1967 to 1969
-Birger Hambro (born 1944), Danish business executive | wiki-intro | 1 | 16.418085 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dalton Trumbo'
James Dalton Trumbo (December 9, 1905 – | James Dalton Trumbo (December 9, 1905 – September 10, 1976) was an American screenwriter who scripted many award-winning films, including Roman Holiday (1953), Exodus, Spartacus (both 1960), and Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944). One of the Hollywood Ten, he refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947 during the committee's investigation of alleged Communist influences in the motion picture industry. Trumbo, the other members of the Hollywood Ten, and hundreds of other professionals in the industry were blacklisted by Hollywood. He was able to continue working clandestinely on major films, however, writing under pseudonyms or other authors' names. His uncredited work won two Academy Awards for Best Story: for Roman Holiday (1953), which was presented to a front writer, and for The Brave One (1956), which was awarded to a pseudonym used by Trumbo. When he was given public screen credit for both Exodus and Spartacus in 1960, it marked the beginning of the end of the Hollywood Blacklist for Trumbo and other affected screenwriters. He finally was given full credit by the Writers' Guild for Roman Holiday in 2011, nearly 60 years after the fact. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.613756 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Flame & Citron'
Flame & Citron is a 2008 | Flame & Citron is a 2008 Sri Lankan romantic drama film directed by Nishantha Wickramasinghe. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival.
The film is about a young couple, Sumanth (Niroshka Wijeratne) and Dhanushka (Shane Warne), who are struggling to find their way in the world. They are in a committed relationship but are constantly torn apart by their different worlds. Dhanushka is a successful lawyer, while Sumanth works as a cashier in a grocery store. The couple's struggles to make ends meet force them to confront their doubts and fears about their relationship. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.038902 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jirel people'
The Jirels is an ethnic Kirati | The Jirels is an ethnic Kirati group. Jirel are one of the 59 indigenous peoples in Nepal. They like to be called Jirpa, which means "leopard-like people." Sherpa (Shyar-pa), are the "people of the east, easterners". Jirpa believe that they migrated to Nepal, Jiri, and Dolakha from the western part of Nepal. Jiri, the name of the place, came from Jirpa. They are the original inhabitants of Jiri and its adjoining villages in Dolkha district, the central region of Nepal. They have their own distinct language, culture, customs, rituals and lifestyles. They are mostly Buddhist but many of the Jirel adhere to other religions, like Christianity, Islam and Hinduism. They also worship Jhakri (shamans). Their indigenous shamanistic religious beliefs are centered on practitioners called Phombo, who are believed to have a direct relationship with the supernatural world. Their main occupation is agriculture and animal husbandry. In recent years they have also been involved in business, government, and teaching jobs. Many of the Jirel are in the British Gurkha Army, Indian Army, Nepalese Army, and the police. They are primarily settled in Dolakha, Sindhupalchowk Chitwan, and Ilam districts, next to Likhu, Khimti, the Jiri and Jiri Shikri rivers. Jirels have linguistic and ethnic semblance with the Sherpas and the tribes of Central Tibet. Jirels have their own mother tongue which is called Jirpa Kecha, and belongs to the Tibetan language family. Footnotes | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.073034 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Home idle load'
Home idle load is the continuous residential | Home idle load is the continuous residential load that is not actively used by the occupant, but is still drawing power from the electrical grid. Home idle load can be caused by appliances that are left on or devices that are kept plugged in even when not in use.
Home idle load can be a significant energy drain on the electrical grid, and can be a major contributor to climate change. There are a number of ways to reduce home idle load, including using energy-saving appliances and devices, unplugging devices when not in use, and using energy-efficient lighting. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.067559 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ellen Kooi'
Ellen Kooi (born July 11, 1962, in | Ellen Kooi (born July 11, 1962, in Leeuwarden), is a Dutch artist and photographer, who lives and works in Haarlem, the Netherlands. She is perhaps best known for her scenographic, theatrical imagery merging landscapes and figures–in the tradition of the city's landscape painters from the Dutch Golden Age. Biography
Kooi graduated from the Academie Minerva, in Groningen, in 1987; she was an artist in residency, and completed post-graduate studies, at the Rijksacademie van Beeldende Kunsten, in Amsterdam, from 1993 to 1994.
Within her body of work, themes of humans' intimate interactions with their surrounding natural world are explored. From unsettling landscapes, often populated only by young adults; to reassuring scenes of soothing serenity, and shelter; and serendipitous escapes; her subjects–nature and actor–are dramatically staged. Her work has been acquired by the Frans Hals Museum, the Fries Museum, and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all in the Netherlands, as well as the Collection Hermès, in Luxembourg, and the Borusan Contemporary, in Turkey, among others. Her work is additionally housed in numerous private collections. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.356281 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jacob Black'
Jacob Black is a character in the | Jacob Black is a character in the popular American comic book series 'X-Men'. He was also portrayed by Michael Fassbender in the 2014 film adaptation of the same name.
Jacob Black is a mutant with the ability to change his physical appearance at will, which he typically uses to disguise himself as someone he believes is less threatening. He is also a skilled fighter and was once a member of the X-Men.
Black was born in New York City to Sarabi and T'Challa, King of Wakanda. When he was young, his father was killed by racists and criminals, leaving Black to grow up in a difficult household. He eventually joined the X-Men in order to fight for justice and protect the innocent.
Black has appeared in several novels and comics set in the X-Men universe, as well as appearing in several TV shows and video games based on the franchise. He is currently a regular character in Marvel's 'Black Panther' comic book series. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.765047 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kamloops Heritage Railway'
The Kamloops Heritage Railway is a heritage | The Kamloops Heritage Railway is a heritage railway located in the city of Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. The railway operates a steam locomotive and railcar museum, as well as a heritage railway park with a variety of historic railway equipment.
The railway was founded in 1975 by Gordon and Eleanor Rankin, who were determined to preserve the history of the railway industry in Kamloops. The railway has since operated continuously, providing tourists and residents of the city with an opportunity to experience the history of rail travel. The railway is also used for events such as weddings and corporate gatherings.
The Kamloops Heritage Railway operates a steam locomotive and railcar museum, as well as a heritage railway park with a variety of historic railway equipment. The museum contains over fifty pieces of locomotives, railcars, and rolling stock from around the world. The park features a replica of a 1910s-era train station, as well as a number of other historical attractions. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.057897 | [
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when is the wv state fair | I'm sorry, but I am unable to provide information about current events or future dates because my training data only includes information up until 2021, and I am not able to browse the web or access updated information. It is also important to note that I am a language model and do not have the ability to provide information about real-world events or dates. Is there anything else I can help with? I'm sorry, but I am a large language model trained by OpenAI and do not have access to current events or the ability to browse the internet. I am unable to provide information on specific events or their schedules. My knowledge is based on the texts that were available to me at the time of my training, which ended in 2021. I am not able to provide up-to-date information on events or current affairs. I'm sorry, but I am unable to provide you with information about specific events as my training data only goes up until 2021 and I am not able to browse the internet or access updated information. However, you can check the website for the West Virginia State Fair or contact the fair organizers directly to find out more information about the schedule and dates for future events. | hc3-open_qa | 1 | 14.876615 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '(Rap) Superstar'
"(Rap) Superstar" is a single by American | "(Rap) Superstar" is a single by American rapper and songwriter Kanye West from his seventh studio album, "The Life of Pablo" (2016). The song was produced by West and Mike Dean.
The song's lyrics discuss West's experiences as a celebrity, including his struggles with fame and his desire to be a "true" superstar. The song has been noted for its minimalist production and its uncharacteristically personal lyrics.
Upon its release, "Superstar" received widespread critical acclaim, with many reviewers deeming it one of the highlights of "The Life of Pablo". The song has since been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
"Superstar" was originally recorded in 2009 for West's third studio album, "808s & Heartbreak". However, the song was not included on the album and remained unreleased until it was included on "The Life of Pablo".
West initially considered releasing the song as a single from "The Life of Pablo", but later decided to include it on the album as a bonus track.
According to music journalist Rob Sheffield, the song is an "ode to his own greatness" which contains the line: "I'm not a rapper, I'm a superstar."
In an interview with BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe, West explained that he wrote the song about his experiences as a celebrity:
"It's just me being like...I feel like I would be super-empowered if I | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.292934 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Farmigo'
Farmigo was an online farmers' market that | Farmigo was an online farmers' market that allowed farmers and consumers to buy and sell produce and meatdirectly. The company was founded in 2013 by CEO Ryan Ralston and CTO Brennen Schmidt.
Farmigo was an online farmers' market that allowed farmers and consumers to buy and sell produce and meatdirectly. The company was founded in 2013 by CEO Ryan Ralston and CTO Brennen Schmidt. Farmigo aimed to provide a more affordable, convenient, and sustainable alternative to traditional food systems by bringing together farmers and consumers from all over the world. They offered a variety of products, including produce, meat, dairy, eggs, honey, herbs, and artisan goods. Farmigo also offered a variety of services, including shipping, grading, marketing, and storage. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.498719 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Southern Television'
Southern Television was the ITV broadcasting licence | Southern Television was the ITV broadcasting licence for the South of England covering the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hampshire, Kent, Lancashire, Middlesex, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Surrey and Wiltshire.
Southern Television was a regional broadcasting service that broadcast in the south of England from its studios in London between 1955 and 1985. It was the successor to the Southern Region of the BBC.
Southern Television was created on 1 January 1955 as part of the BBC's drive to decentralise its operations. The original shareholders were Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC), Granada Television Corporation and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). It originally operated from studios at West Sussex's Crawley Down transmitter site and broadcast to south-east England from Monday to Saturday at 7:00pm.
On 15 September 1955, Southern Television became the first regional television service to broadcast in colour. Initially it used a system called Stoll Color Process (SMP), which involved filming on film stock that had been processed in a three-stage process involving dye sublimation and diazonium salts. This process gave a unique coloration to images that was not possible with conventional black and white television.
In May 1968 Southern Television launched its own regional news service called "South Tonight". The programme was presented by Duncan Wood and Melvyn Bragg and featured reporters from across the region. It was later renamed "South Today" and became one of the BBC's most popular programmes.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Carver-Washington half dollar'
The George Washington Carver-Booker T. Washington Half | The George Washington Carver-Booker T. Washington Half Dollar was designed by Isaac Scott Hathaway. The obverse depicts side-portraits of George Washington Carver and Booker T. Washington and the reverse shows a simple outline map of the United States of America superimposed with the letters "U.S.A.", and the words "Freedom and Opportunity for All/Americanism" around the rim. It was minted in silver from 1951 until 1954, by authority of . It was the final issue of early commemoratives. History
The bill authorizing the coins was pushed by the George Washington Carver National Monument Foundation, and eventually passed on September 21, 1951, authorizing the mintage of a maximum 3,415,631 coins. This odd maximum mintage number took into consideration the remaining 1,581,631 Booker T. Washington half dollars that could be melted and struck as Washington-Carver coins, with the remainder being based on the 1,834,000 unused quantity earlier authorized for the Booker T. Washington half dollar. Like the Booker T. Washington half dollar, the design for this coin was created by sculptor Isaac Scott Hathaway. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.004858 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Berard of Carbio'
Berard of Carbio, O.F.M., was a thirteenth-century | Berard of Carbio, O.F.M., was a thirteenth-century Franciscan friar who was executed in Morocco for attempting to promote Christianity. He and his companions, Peter, Otho, Accursius, and Adjutus, are venerated as saints and considered the Franciscan Protomartyrs. Expelled from the kingdom twice, they returned each time and continued to preach against Islam. In anger and frustration, the king finally beheaded them. Life
According to tradition, Berard was born into a noble family of Leopardi, and was a native of Carbio in Umbria, a province of the Papal States. He was received into the newly founded Franciscan Order by St. Francis of Assisi in 1213. On the conclusion of the Second General Chapter of the Franciscan friars in 1219, Francis believed the time had then come for the friars of his Order to extend their apostolic labors beyond the Italian peninsula and northern Europe. Berard was well versed in Arabic, was an eloquent preacher, and was chosen by Francis, together with two other priests, Peter and Otho, and two lay brothers, Accursius and Adjutus, to evangelize in Morocco. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.582697 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Stafford Hill Memorial'
The Stafford Hill Memorial is a stone | The Stafford Hill Memorial is a stone monument in the shape of an obelisk, located in Stafford, England. It commemorates the men of the Royal Air Force who died during the Second World War.
The monument was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled on 15 August 1947. It is made from Portland stone and stands high. The monument is a Grade II listed building.
The memorial was erected to honour the men of the RAF who died in the Second World War. The monument is in the shape of an obelisk and is high. The monument is made from Portland stone and stands high. The inscription on the monument reads: "To the memory of all those who served their country in time of war 1939-1945" | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.058033 | [
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Why are humans so afraid of small insects and such? I understand some people have bee allergies, but harmless spiders, flies, and other small annoying things. We are so big, but why does someone 1/1000th of our size make us go crazy? Explain like I' m five. | Mosquitos are the world's deadliest animals. There is a possibility that even the smallest insects can carry a lethal virus in its veins. It's hard to tell the difference between a potentially deadly insect and a harmless one, so its reasonable to be afraid of all insects. URL_ 0 A lot of it has to do with psychology and the way our peers and society react to bugs. I mean, a cockroach in and of itself is not something that is particularly deadly. It's one of the cleaner bugs and don't normally bite, but we've learned to associate it with filth and as something "gross." Many people will jump or scream at the sight of it however, just because other people do the same thing, and if a 5 year old sees grown adults jumping and screaming at a pest, they're bound to follow suit or pick up a similar mentality. Because they're fucking dangerous. Jesus. Spiders-> a serious potential for injury and maybe even death Flies-> a signal of death and rot; a signal of danger. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 31.783026 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Smallville (season 5)'
The fifth season of Smallville, an American | The fifth season of Smallville, an American television series, began airing on The WB on September 22, 2006, and concluded on May 13, 2007.
The season follows the continuing story of Lex Luthor (Jesse Eisenberg), Clark Kent/Superman (Tom Welling), and their friends and allies in the fight against evil as they face personal challenges and new enemies.
The season introduces various new characters, including Chloe Sullivan (Allison Mack), a new love interest for Clark, and the villainous Brainiac (Terence Stamp). Other returning characters include Lana Lang (Kristin Kreuk), Oliver Queen (Stephen Amell), and John Jones (Adam Baldwin).
The season was met with positive reviews from television critics. It was nominated for several awards, including several Primetime Emmy Awards. The fifth season ended with a cliffhanger, with Lex Luthor escaping from prison. A sixth season was announced in February 2008 and began airing on October 14, 2008.
Smallville Season 5:
"Chloe Sullivan" is introduced as a love interest for Clark Kent/Superman. "Brainiac" is a new villain who invades Smallville and attacks the townspeople. Lois Lane (Erica Durance) has been diagnosed with cancer and must undergo treatment. Oliver Queen (Stephen Amell) returns to Smallville after being stranded on an island for five years. John Jones (Adam Baldwin) re-unites with his son Jonathan (Charlie Rowe). | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.471716 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Edward Marr'
John Edward Marr FGS FRS (14 June | John Edward Marr FGS FRS (14 June 1818 – 15 March 1905) was an English geologist. He was one of the most eminent members of the Geological Society, and one of its vice presidents.
Marr was born in Cumnor Hill, Oxfordshire, on 14 June 1818. He was the son of Rev. James Marr, rector of Cumnor Hill, and his wife Anna Maria, daughter of the Rev. George Sheppard. After education at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, he became a Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1839. He graduated B.A. in 1840 and M.A. in 1843.
Marr began his geological career as a clerk to Sir Roderick Murchison, who employed him on a geological survey of Scotland in 1842-4. In 1847 he became assistant geologist to Sir Charles Lyell at the British Museum; he continued to work under Lyell until 1859. In that year he became geologist to the Ordnance Survey and remained in that office until 1893; he was also director of the Geological Survey from 1880 to 1893.
Marr's first scientific work was a paper read before the Geological Society on "On some new Strata discovered in Anglesey", published in 1847. This was followed by papers on "The Geology of Cumberland and Westmorland" (1848), "The Geology of Dumfries and Galloway" (1849), | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.48914 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Falls Road station'
Falls Road station is a Baltimore Light | Falls Road station is a Baltimore Light Rail station in the Falls Road neighborhood of Baltimore. It is located on the north side of Falls Road, adjacent to the Falls Road Elementary School and the Falls Road Recreation Center. The station opened on December 19, 1993, and is operated by the Maryland Transit Administration.
Falls Road station is a major stop on the Baltimore Light Rail system and is served by all lines, making it a popular transit hub for commuters in the Baltimore area. The station is located near many major businesses and attractions in the Falls Road neighborhood, including the University of Maryland Baltimore County, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Mondawmin Mall, and Oriole Park at Camden Yards. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.602274 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nandana Udawatta'
Major General Nandana Udawatta, RSP, USP, psc, | Major General Nandana Udawatta, RSP, USP, psc, is a retired senior military officer of the Indian Army. He has held several key staff appointments, including that of the Director General Military Intelligence (DGMI). He is also a published author and has written several books on military history.
Nandana Udawatta was born on 2 July 1945 in Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is a graduate of the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun and the Army Staff College, Quetta. He has also completed the Defence Services Staff College Course.
Nandana Udawatta has held various key staff appointments in the Indian Army, including that of the Director General Military Intelligence (DGMI). He has also served as Chief of General Staff (CGS) and Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of the Indian Army. He retired from the Indian Army on 31 December 2003.
Nandana Udawatta is a published author and has written several books on military history. These include:
- "The Art of War" (1986)
- "Defending India: A Chronology" (1996)
- "Warriors and Citizens: The Indian Army 1763–2003" (2003)
- "Unforgettable Memories" (2004)
- "The Battle for Kargil: From Counter Insurgency to Special Operations" (2007)
- "A Matter of Honour: The Story of an | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.469279 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Franz Osten'
Franz Osten (23 December 1876 in Munich | Franz Osten (23 December 1876 in Munich – 2 December 1956) was a Bavarian filmmaker who along with Himansu Rai was among the first retainers of Bombay Talkies. Osten partnered with Rai on a number of India's earliest blockbuster films like Achhut Kanya and Jeevan Naiya. Early life
Osten was born Franz Ostermayr in Munich on 23 December 1876. He trained to be a photographer like his father and gave acting a try. In 1907, he founded a traveling cinema called the "Original Physograph Company" with his brother Peter Ostermayr, who later established the predecessor to Bavaria Film Studios, today one of Germany's largest film studios. Amongst other films, he showed Life in India, a short documentary film about the Munich carnival. The run was not very successful: three days after the opening, the projector exploded in flames. Osten decided to make films and in 1911 directed his first feature, Erna Valeska. His career was interrupted by the start of the First World War. He worked first as a correspondent, then became a soldier. After the war Osten made peasant dramas like The War of the Oxen and Chain of Guilt for EMELKA in Munich. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.138142 | [
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How does the moon's gravitational pull have such a strong effect on the incredibly heavy and massive ocean, while it has no visible effect on a glass of water? Or a small pond even. Please explain like I' m five. | The moon's gravitational pull affects the oceans because the oceans are so vast and deep. The moon's gravity causes the water in the oceans to "bulge" out on the side facing the moon and to "recede" on the opposite side. This is what causes the tides. The moon's gravitational pull is also strong enough to affect smaller bodies of water, like a glass of water or a small pond, but the effect is not as noticeable because the water is contained in a smaller space and is not as deep. The force of the moon's gravity on a small body of water is still there, but it is not strong enough to create a noticeable change in the water's level. To understand this better, imagine trying to push a heavy box across a room. It would be much easier to push the box if it was on wheels and you had a good grip on it. Now imagine trying to push the same box across a slippery floor. It would be much harder to move the box because it wouldn't have a good grip on the floor. The moon's gravity works in a similar way. It is easier for the moon to affect the oceans because they are so vast and deep, and there is a good "grip" between the moon's gravity and the water. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.713067 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Berdyuzhsky District'
Berdyuzhsky District is an administrative | Berdyuzhsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Berdyuzhsk. Population:
The district was established on February 5, 1937. | wiki-intro | 1 | 32.340237 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mobitex'
Mobitex is an OSI based open standard, | Mobitex is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless packet-switched data network. Mobitex puts great emphasis on safety and reliability with its use by military, police, firefighters and ambulance services. It was developed in the beginning of the 1980s by the Swedish Televerket Radio. From 1988 the development took place in Eritel, a joint-venture between Ericsson and Televerket, later on as an Ericsson subsidiary. Mobitex became operational in Sweden in 1986. In the mid-1990s Mobitex gained consumer popularity by providing two-way paging network services. It was the first wireless network to provide always on, wireless push email services such as RadioMail and Inter@ctive Paging. It is also used by the first model of Research in Motion's BlackBerry, and PDAs such as the Palm VII. During 9/11 and the 2005 hurricane rescue and clean-up operations, Mobitex proved itself to be a very reliable and useful system for first responders. | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.288479 | [
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Sandvika Station is a railway station | Sandvika Station is a railway station located at Sandvika in Bærum, Norway. Situated on the Drammen Line, from Oslo Central Station, it also an intermediate station of the Asker Line. Vy serves the station with local and regional, with about 7,000 passengers using the station daily. It is also served by the Airport Express Train and serves as the main bus terminal for the town. The station is elevated and has two island platforms and four tracks. The station opened along with the Drammen Line on 7 October 1872, until 1922 being named Sandviken. The original station building was designed by Georg Andreas Bull in Swiss chalet style. The station underwent a renewal from 1917 to 1922, receiving gauge conversion to standard gauge, electrification. A new station building designed by Gudmund Hoel opened in 1919. The tracks east of the station were doubled in 1922, the line westwards in 1958. A new, four-track station building opened in 1994, designed by Arne Henriksen. The Asker Line opened in two stages, in 2005 and 2011. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.648886 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Joey Barton'
Joseph Anthony Barton (born 2 September 1982) | Joseph Anthony Barton (born 2 September 1982) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premiership club Rangers.
Barton started his career with Manchester City, but failed to make an impression in the first team and was loaned out to Bristol City and Newcastle United. He joined QPR in 2006, and made over 150 appearances for the club before joining Burnley in 2009. Barton spent two seasons with Burnley before signing for Rangers in August 2012. He spent four seasons with Rangers, scoring 21 goals in 109 appearances. In July 2016, Barton signed for French side Marseille on a free transfer. He left Marseille in January 2018, signing for Scottish Premiership club Rangers a month later.
Barton has represented England at international level, making his debut in 2004. He has also represented the England U21s, and was part of the team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.886278 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Giovanni Bontade'
Giovanni Bontade (1946 in Palermo – September | Giovanni Bontade (1946 in Palermo – September 16, 1994 in Palermo) was an Italian Mafia boss who led the Bontade crime family.
Giovanni Bontade was the son of a Sicilian truck driver and grew up in the rough neighbourhood of San Lorenzo in Palermo. He started working in the construction industry at a young age, but soon gravitated towards organized crime. In the early 1970s, he became part of the Mafia's leadership under Totò Riina and Bernardo Provenzano. In 1984, Bontade was captured by police while trying to flee Italy on a false passport. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, but died in prison in 1994. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.485639 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Walter Prescott Webb'
Walter Prescott Webb (April 3, 1888 in | Walter Prescott Webb (April 3, 1888 in Concord, New Hampshire – July 28, 1978 in Los Angeles, California) was an American historian, author and professor. He is best known for his monumental history of the United States, The Great Plains (1937), a research project spanning more than twenty years. Webb also wrote The American Republic (1948), a magisterial history of the United States from its origins to the present.
Webb was born in Concord, New Hampshire and attended Dartmouth College, where he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He received his doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1913. He began his career as an instructor at the University of Texas before becoming a professor at UCLA in 1924. From 1936 to 1942 he served as president of the American Historical Association. He also served as president of the American Institute of Pacific Relations (1935-1936) and was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.968504 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Opium Nation'
Opium Nation: Child Brides, Drug Lords, and | Opium Nation: Child Brides, Drug Lords, and the Global Epidemic by Barbara G. Myers is the first book to explore the history of opium and its impact on contemporary society. Myers traces opium from its early origins in China to the present day, exploring how it has become a global scourge.
Opium has been used for centuries as a medicine and as a recreational drug. In the nineteenth century, opium became an important product of the Chinese drug trade, and its use spread throughout Asia and the world. Today, opium is one of the most widely used drugs in the world, with over sixty million people addicted to it. Opium has caused immense suffering and death around the world, affecting both children and adults.
This book provides an in-depth exploration of opium's history, its role in global society, and the human cost of its use. It will be of interest to students of history, sociology, anthropology, and law. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.715023 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Roger Peckinpaugh'
Roger Thorpe Peckinpaugh (February 5, 1891 – | Roger Thorpe Peckinpaugh (February 5, 1891 – September 9, 1965) was an American composer and pianist.
Peckinpaugh was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Roger Thorpe Peckinpaugh, Sr. and his wife, the former Mary Eliza (née Fowler) Peckinpaugh. He had two elder brothers: Walter (1886-1973), a violinist and conductor, and John (1890-1969), an architect. His paternal grandfather was the noted British classical pianist and composer George Peckinpaugh. Peckinpaugh studied at the Royal College of Music in London with Alberto Ginastera and others. He also studied with Josef Hofmann in Berlin and with Ferruccio Busoni in Italy.
Peckinpaugh served as Professor of Music at the University of California, Los Angeles from 1936 until his retirement in 1955. He also served as president of the National Federation of Music Clubs from 1949 to 1951. Peckinpaugh died in Los Angeles at the age of 77.
Peckinpaugh's compositions include orchestral works, chamber music, opera, piano pieces, songs, and choral works. His most famous works are the orchestral suite "The Carnival of the Animals" (1934), the opera "The Devil's Opera" (1935), the ballet "The Nutcracker" (1946), and the song cycle "The Painted Desert" (1950). | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.998051 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Coniochaeta hoffmannii'
Coniochaeta hoffmannii, also known as Lecythophora hoffmannii, | Coniochaeta hoffmannii, also known as Lecythophora hoffmannii, is an ascomycete fungus that grows commonly in soil. It has also been categorized as a soft-rot fungus capable of bringing the surface layer of timber into a state of decay, even when safeguarded with preservatives. Additionally, it has pathogenic properties, although it causes serious infection only in rare cases. A plant pathogen lacking a known sexual state, C. hoffmannii has been classified as a "dematiaceous fungus" despite its contradictory lack of pigmentation; both in vivo and in vitro, there is no correlation between its appearance and its classification. History
Coniochaeta hoffmannii was originally described by J.F.H. van Beyma in 1939 as Margarinomyces hoffmannii. The genus Lecythophora, originally described by John Axel Nannfeldt in 1934, was reintroduced by Konrad Walter Gams and Michael R. McGinnis to accommodate this species in 1983. In 2013, Lecythophora was recombined with Coniochaeta, with all species transferred to the latter genus. | wiki-intro | 0 | 43.886013 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edward Cooney'
Edward Cooney (1867–1960) was an Irish evangelist | Edward Cooney (1867–1960) was an Irish evangelist from the 1890s to the 1950s. Cooney was born in Enniskillen, Ireland to William R. Cooney, a wealthy local merchant. He was the third of eight children and joined the family business after finishing his schooling. He began combining his business travel with lay preaching around Ireland. He became one of the early leaders of a church founded by William Irvine after leaving his business career. Because of his colourful style and public preaching, his name came to be associated with the entire movement. Later, as Irvine's ouster, he began to criticise the development of hierarchy within the Two by Twos, its taking of a name for official purposes, and abandonment of other original tenets. Cooney and those who agreed with him were later expelled, and formed a looser group which is referred to as the Cooneyites. He continued his worldwide missions as an itinerant evangelist until his death in 1960. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.9814 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Freshwater ecosystem'
Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's | Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They are composed of bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers, that are not saline or marine. Freshwater ecosystems are home to a wide variety of plants and animals that live in or near water.
Freshwater ecosystems are diverse and important, because they play an important role in controlling the environment and supporting a wide variety of life. They provide food and habitat for fish, amphibians, waterfowl, and other animals. They also help to maintain clean water supplies for humans and other plants. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.987411 | [
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When the Reserve Bank determines the interest rates, do they take the house prices into account? | I' m not intimately familiar with the situation in Australia, but in the US the powers that be have adopted an interventionist philosophy. The Federal Reserve (Central Bank) is "buying back" US Gov' t debt to keep rates low, and the government is keeping mortgage rates low buy buying mortgages with the proceeds of the cheap bond sales. While this isn' t directly related to Australia, it is relevant because the largest capital markets are in the US and influence the markets in Australia. In the US, the CPI is a survey of all urban consumers. If you' re a younger, middle class consumer with income growth ahead of you, your costs are going to shift more rapidly than an elderly or poor person who already owns or is in subsidized housing, and doesn' t spend as much on transportation. For example, my parents are in their early 60' s and are living in the house that I grew up in, which they own free and clear. There are alot of people like them, and they aren' t affected by the swing in housing prices that we' ve seen in the last decade. | hc3-finance | 0 | 20.277018 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'King'
King is the title given to a | King is the title given to a male ruler of a kingdom or country. The feminine equivalent is Queen. The title can be used by absolute monarchs or constitutional monarchs.
The title of king is usually granted to a person who is considered the legitimate ruler of a kingdom or country, as in the case of a hereditary monarchy. Alternatively, the king may be chosen by a popular vote. In some cases, the king may also be the head of state of a republic or democratic nation. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.880753 | [
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Why is the Lion so widely used in European Heraldy even though they are mostly found in Africa? Why are Lions used so much on European Heraldry, especially British/English ones, despite lions being primarily found in Africa? Explain like I' m five. | Well, the dragon is used a lot too, even though it's found... no where. It isn't about the actual, physical representation of the animal. It's about the symbolism and ideas it represents. Europeans thought of the Lion as "king of the jungle." A powerful, noble animal at the top of its food chain. There really isn't an analogous animal in Europe (aside from wolves, which always had a negative connotation). The lion was widespread in Europe until roughly 100BC, and was often used by the Romans in the Colosseum, so it isn't like the lion was completely unknown to the European nobility. The lion represents strength, power, nobility, dignity, wisdom, courage, and dominion. These are all fantastic traits to have represent you as a king. Having a lion in your herald is a statement of your strength and bravery, the authority and power you hold. Heralds are almost always symbolic, so whenever you see a herald depict some animal or object try to imagine what said object represents, what statement that herald is trying to convey about the people bearing it. The lion was one of the most widespread mammals not too long ago. Only humans topped him expansionwise (and reduced his appearance significantly). | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 25.840849 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Madame Pompadour (operetta)'
Madame Pompadour is an operetta in three | Madame Pompadour is an operetta in three acts, composed by Leo Fall with a libretto by Rudolph Schanzer and Ernst Welisch. Conducted by the composer, it opened at the Berliner Theater in Berlin on 9 September 1922 and then at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna on 2 March 1923. Translated into English, Madame Pompadour premiered at Daly's Theatre, London, on 20 December 1923. It was also translated into Italian and performed at the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan on 15 January 1924. It was later given in French in an adaptation by Albert Willemetz, Max Eddy and Jean Marietti, in Paris at the Théâtre Marigny on 16 May 1930. With the extraordinary success of the operetta in Berlin, Vienna, London and elsewhere, Fall regained the international fame that he had enjoyed prior to World War I. He died of cancer two years later at the age of only 52. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.960299 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Yandina Airport'
Yandina Airport is an airport on | Yandina Airport is an airport on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia, located approximately 8 kilometres southeast of the town of Yandina.
The airport is served by weekly flights from Adelaide to Port Lincoln operated by QantasLink. The airport is also served by charter flights and general aviation.
Yandina Airport was opened in 1977 and is owned and operated by the Yorke Peninsula Council. The airport has a single asphalt runway 07/25 measuring 2,000 metres in length. The airport has a capacity of 100 aircraft movements per day.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tourism (Roxette album)'
Tourism: Songs from Studios, Stages, Hotelrooms & | Tourism: Songs from Studios, Stages, Hotelrooms & Other Strange Places is the fourth studio album by Swedish pop duo Roxette, released on 28 August 1992 by EMI. Despite often being mistaken for a live album, the record was described by Roxette in its liner notes as a "tour album"; the band recorded the majority of its material in numerous recording studios in-between live dates of their worldwide Join the Joyride! Tour. The album contains three live concert recordings, while another track was recorded live in an empty nightclub in São Paulo. A further two tracks were recorded in Buenos Aires' Alvear Palace Hotel. The album received mixed reviews from American publications upon release, with several of them confused over its concept, and incorrectly describing it as containing just five previously unreleased songs. It also underperformed on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 117 on the chart and selling approximately 278,000 copies—far short of the million-selling Joyride. Nevertheless, the album was a commercial success in Europe, and was certified platinum in numerous territories. As of 2001, Tourism had sold over 6 million copies worldwide. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.066109 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Drew Anthony'
Drew Anthony (born 14 January 1969) is | Drew Anthony (born 14 January 1969) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Anthony played for the North Melbourne Football Club from 1989 until 2003. He won the club's best and fairest award in 1992 and was a member of the team that won the AFL premiership in 1994. Anthony played 214 games for North Melbourne, kicking 331 goals. He also represented Victoria in State of Origin football. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.838838 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Foss v Harbottle'
Foss v Harbottle (1843) 2 Hare 461, | Foss v Harbottle (1843) 2 Hare 461, 67 ER 189 is a leading English precedent in corporate law. In any action in which a wrong is alleged to have been done to a company, the proper claimant is the company itself. This is known as "the proper plaintiff rule", and the several important exceptions that have been developed are often described as "exceptions to the rule in Foss v Harbottle". Amongst these is the "derivative action", which allows a minority shareholder to bring a claim on behalf of the company. This applies in situations of "wrongdoer control" and is, in reality, the only true exception to the rule. The rule in Foss v Harbottle is best seen as the starting point for minority shareholder remedies. The rule has now largely been partly codified and displaced in the United Kingdom by the Companies Act 2006 sections 260–263, setting out a statutory derivative claim. | wiki-intro | 0 | 41.062305 | [
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