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What are water towers for? I've asked this to my dad and he said something about the pressure in the air but I'm not sure what that means. Please explain like I' m five. | Water towers are used to store water so that it can be used when it is needed. When water is used in a building or a neighborhood, it is often pumped up into the water tower. The water is then held in the tower until it is needed, at which point it is released back into the pipes and sent to the buildings or homes that need it. The reason that the water has to be stored in a tower is because of something called "water pressure." When water is pumped from a treatment plant to the buildings and homes that need it, it needs to have a certain amount of pressure in order to flow through the pipes and come out of the faucets. The water tower helps to maintain the correct water pressure by storing the water at a high enough elevation. This way, when the water is released from the tower, it will flow down through the pipes and out of the faucets with the right amount of pressure. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.631325 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shapland & Petter'
Shapland & Petter were architectural doorset manufacturers | Shapland & Petter were architectural doorset manufacturers in Barnstaple, Devon, England before being taken over by the LS Group in 1999.
Before takeover, Shapland & Petter was the largest privately owned employer in Devon, with a staff of approximately 900 during the 1990s. All operations at Barnstaple finally ceased in 2016 as the LS Group was wound up and the riverfront site was earmarked for redevelopment as a superstore. History
Henry Shapland had been apprenticed to a cabinet maker in Barnstaple, before travelling to America in 1851 and learning about a wave moulding machine. Back in England he was joined by Henry Petter. By 1888 the Raleigh Cabinet Works were employing hundreds of workers from Raleigh and the surrounding areas when on 5 March 1888 a fire destroyed the factory. The factory was restarted at a new site on the River Taw, a former shipbuilding yard known as Bridge Wharf. Working together as Shapland and Petter they were to become one of the town's largest employers. Although much of their output was "Arts and Crafts" in design in no way did it emulate the aspirations of William Morris, et al. They employed craftsmen but also used the most up-to-date machinery available for their products. Henry Shapland was a time-served cabinet maker and Henry Petter was an amazing salesman who found the market for their products. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.752277 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lysos'
Lysos is a village in Cyprus, | Lysos is a village in Cyprus, located in the Amathousia municipality. It is situated on the east coast of the island, 4 km north of Pafos. | wiki-intro | 1 | 26.922653 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'USS Zircon (PY-16)'
USS Zircon (PY-16) was the private yacht | USS Zircon (PY-16) was the private yacht Nakhoda acquired by the United States Navy in 1940 serving as an armed yacht from 1941 to 1946. The yacht Nakhoda was built for automobile executive Frederick J. Fisher by Pusey and Jones Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware delivered in 1930. After the war the yacht was sold and reverted to the original name until sold in 1951 to the United New York Sandy Hook Pilots Association and renamed New York. Construction
The Nakhoda, U.S. Official Number 229321, was built by the Pusey and Jones Corporation at Wilmington, Delaware. The keel was laid 12 February 1929 as hull number 1040 (sequential number 405) with launch on 20 August 1929 and delivery on 5 February 1930. The owner's wife, Bertha M. Fisher, christened the yacht in a ceremony attended by a group of the Fisher's friends with Detroit and General Motors associations including Alfred P. Sloan and Pierre S. du Pont. | wiki-intro | 0 | 39.117287 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bill Baker (baseball)'
William Presley Baker (February 22, 1911 – | William Presley Baker (February 22, 1911 – October 21, 1990) was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies and Detroit Tigers between 1932 and 1945. He finished his career with a record of 144–110, with a 2.59 ERA. In 1944, he led the league in complete games with 16.
Baker was born in Memphis, Tennessee, and raised in Carthage, Mississippi. He attended Mississippi State University, where he played college baseball for the Bulldogs. He was signed by the Phillies as an amateur free agent in 1931. Baker made his MLB debut with the Phillies in 1932 and pitched for them for six seasons before joining the Tigers in 1937. After spending two seasons with the Tigers, he returned to the Phillies for three more seasons before retiring at the end of the 1945 season.
Baker's 144 wins are fourth all-time among pitchers who have played at least 1,000 innings (behind Walter Johnson, Cy Young, and Phil Niekro). He also ranks fifth among pitchers in strikeouts (2,827), sixth in ERA (2.59), seventh in complete games (163), and eighth in shutouts (30). He was a three-time All-Star and won three National League (NL) pennants (1939, 1943, 1944). In 1944, he became the first pitcher ever to lead the league in complete games and innings pitched. Baker was inducted into the Baseball | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.732802 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Chaetodon hoefleri'
Chaetodon hoefleri, the four-banded butterflyfish, is a | Chaetodon hoefleri, the four-banded butterflyfish, is a butterflyfish found in the western Atlantic Ocean. It reaches a length of TL.
The four-banded butterflyfish is a butterflyfish found in the western Atlantic Ocean. It reaches a length of TL. The Chaetodon hoefleri is a small but brightly coloured fish that can be seen schooling near the surface in open water. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.872609 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nori Bunasawa'
Noriaki Bunasawa (樗沢憲昭, Bunasawa Noriaki; born November | Noriaki Bunasawa (樗沢憲昭, Bunasawa Noriaki; born November 3, 1947) also known commonly as Nori Bunasawa, is a Japanese martial artist, judoka, US technical coach at the 1972 Olympic games in Munich, coach of team USA at the 1975 World Judo Championships, Japanese judo-jujutsu researcher and historian, writer, sports journalist, actor, fight choreographer, and script consultant. He owned (until 2008) and established martial arts specialty newspaper Judo Jiujitsu Pro-fighting Journal in the US, which covered judo, jujutsu, sumo, BJJ, MMA and other professional combat sports news. He co-authored a novel based on Mitsuyo Maeda's life The Toughest Man Who Ever Lived which will be adapted into a feature film by a major production company of which he will be a script consultant and action choreographer. He is also the founder of the Mitsuyo Maeda based fighting method: Bunasawa Jukkendo. Biography
Nori Bunasawa was born on November 3, 1947, in Saitama, Japan. He studied judo under Yoshimi Osawa and Masahiko Kimura. As a high school student he trained with Waseda University's Judo team, and as a result, he won the high school championships in the middleweight division. He attended Waseda University from 1966 to 1970 and graduated with a Bachelors of science in the social sciences. During this time, he won the Tokyo collegiate championship in the lightweight (under 154 lb) division. In 1969, he won silver in the lightweight division at the All Japan weight limit national championships by fighting world champions Hiroshi Minatoya, Hirofumi Matsuda, Asian champion Yujiro Yamazaki and defeating the latter two competitors. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.736698 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Surgency'
Surgency is a trait aspect of emotional | Surgency is a trait aspect of emotional stability in which a person is able to remain calm and rational under pressure.
Surgency is a trait that is often seen as a positive characteristic. People who are able to remain calm and rational under pressure are often seen as more stable and trustworthy. This is likely because when things start to get complicated, it can be difficult to keep track of all the information and remain organized. Someone who is able to remain calm and organized during a difficult situation likely won't have as much difficulty navigating it.
There are many reasons why someone might be more prone to being stable under pressure. Perhaps they were raised in a family where they were taught to stay calm under pressure. Or maybe they have a strong sense of self-confidence and don't tend to feel overwhelmed by difficult situations. Whatever the reason, if you find that you are typically able to stay calm and rational under pressure, it may be worth considering whether or not this trait is something you would like to cultivate. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.879406 | [
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It's dramatically difficult for a drug to get FDA approval, so why are all these drugs have ridiculous amount of side effects? Wouldn't the FDA say, "Nah, fuck all that?" and reject the medicine? Please explain like I' m five. | Nope. The FDA just makes sure it wont be likely to hurt you. Side effects are going to happen in a certain percentage of users no matter what. The benefit just has to outweigh those. If you had to have no side effects, then well no drugs would exist and we d all die a lot more often. The FDAs job is more to ensure the drug does what it says it does and that all the side effects are properly studied and evaluated. Basically just making sure the drug companies aren't covering anything up or lying to you. During clinical trials, patients record individual side effects as they experience them. For the most part, anything they record as a side effect that they experienced has to be attributed to the drug. This is a very subjective and can often include side effects that are unrelated to the trial or drug itself. That's why you can see a laundry list of unrelated side effects that appear so random. This is also why "death" gets included as well. If, for example, you are participating in a drug trial and have a heart attack then it must be added to the "side effects" even if it is unrelated. Its more of a better safe-than-sorry situation, and the pharmaceutical company just has to deal with it. The FDA deals in safety, not profit margins. Because the benefits outweigh the risks. Let's put it very simply. Let's say you were in charge of approving drugs. Someone comes to you and says "OK, with this drug, we did a test of patients afflicted by the condition we're trying to treat. Of the group who didn't take it, 40 % were dead in 5 years. Of the group who did take it, 15 % were dead in five years. But, of the people who took it, 3 % of them died due to explosive diarrhea." So, what would you do? Would you approve the drug because it helped a significant number of people live longer? Or would you deny it because a small fraction of the people who took it died of boompoop? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 17.531408 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Echoes (radio program)'
Echoes is a daily two-hour music radio | Echoes is a daily two-hour music radio program broadcast on Indie88.com and SiriusXM Canada from 3 to 6 p.m. ET, hosted by CBC Music's John Reynolds and produced by CBC Radio Three.
Echoes is a daily two-hour music radio program broadcast on Indie88.com and SiriusXM Canada from 3 to 6 p.m. ET, hosted by CBC Music's John Reynolds and produced by CBC Radio Three. Each program features an eclectic mix of indie, alternative, and rock music, with a focus on Canadian artists.
Since its launch in 2006, Echoes has been the go-to destination for music lovers across North America. The show has supported Canadian artists such as Tegan and Sara, The Paper Kites, Metric, and Stars.
John Reynolds is a music journalist, broadcaster, and program producer with more than 20 years of experience in the industry. He has been with CBC Music since 2006, where he has covered a range of music topics including rock, indie, folk, classical, and world music. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.299654 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Iha Fuyū'
was the father of Okinawaology and a | was the father of Okinawaology and a pioneer in the field.
Iha Fuyū was born in 1887 in the Okinawan town of Naha. He studied at the University of Tokyo, and after World War I, he became a professor at the Okinawa Prefectural University. He was the father of Okinawaology, and a pioneer in the field. Iha Fuyū is best known for his book "Okinawa: The History and Culture of a Japanese Island", which was published in 1957. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.934539 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Moe Thacker'
Morris Benton Thacker (May 21, 1934 – | Morris Benton Thacker (May 21, 1934 – November 13, 1997) was an American professional baseball player. A catcher, Thacker's pro career extended for 13 seasons and included the entire campaign and parts of four others in Major League Baseball for the Chicago Cubs (1958; 1960–62) and St. Louis Cardinals (1963). He threw and batted right-handed, stood tall and weighed . Baseball career
Thacker was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and signed with the New York Yankees in 1952 after his graduation from duPont Manual High School. After six years in the Yankee farm system, he was acquired by the Cubs and was recalled in August from the Double-A Texas League. In the third at bat of his debut game August 3 at Connie Mack Stadium, he hit a home run off Seth Morehead of the Philadelphia Phillies to help the Cubs out-slug the Phils, 12–10. Two days later, in his third MLB game, he hit another solo shot, this time against Stu Miller of the San Francisco Giants, helping the Cubs hang on to win another slugfest, 10–9 at Wrigley Field. They would be his only Major League home runs in 158 games played and 260 at bats. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.809879 | [
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What is the possibility of complete cure of bone cancer? Hello Doctor, my uncle is suffering from bone cancer & his major bones are invoved, his left femour also shows some neoplastic lesion, now he is completed 1st cycle of chemotherapy & radiotheray, can i know the possibility of complete cure????? | Hi, dearI have gone through your question. I can understand your concern. He has bone cancer. Possibility of cure depends on type and stage of cancer as well spread. In early stage of cancer chances of complete cure is high. In later stage possibilities of complete cure is low. Please send me details of cancer so that I can help you further. Thanks for using health care magic. Wish you a very good health. | hc3-medicine | 0 | 25.123777 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome'
Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome (NIDS) is a psychopathological | Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome (NIDS) is a psychopathological syndrome that develops in some patients who take high doses of an antipsychotic for an extended time. It is most often caused by high-potency typical antipsychotics, but can also be caused by high doses of many atypicals, especially those closer in profile to typical ones (that have higher D2 dopamine receptor affinity and relatively low 5-HT2 serotonin receptor binding affinity), like paliperidone and amisulpride. Symptoms
Neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome is principally characterized by the same symptoms that constitute the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: emotional blunting, apathy, hypobulia, anhedonia, indifference, difficulty or total inability in thinking, difficulty or total inability in concentrating, lack of initiative, attention deficits, and desocialization. This can easily lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Instead of decreasing the antipsychotic, the doctor may increase their dose to try to "improve" what they perceive to be negative symptoms of schizophrenia, rather than antipsychotic side effects. The concept of neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome was initially presented for schizophrenia, and it has rarely been associated in other mental disorders. In recent years, atypical neuroleptics are being more often managed to patients with bipolar disorder, so some studies about neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome in bipolar disorder patients are now available. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.592285 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Golden Shot'
The Golden Shot was a British television | The Golden Shot was a British television programme broadcast on BBC2 from 7 January to 14 February 2007. It was presented by Sue Perkins and was based on her BBC1 show, The Big Breakfast. The show featured a number of celebrity contestants who competed in various physical challenges in an attempt to win £100,000.
The programme was cancelled after only five episodes had been aired due to low ratings. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.092676 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Suzuki SX4'
The Suzuki SX4 is a subcompact car | The Suzuki SX4 is a subcompact car produced by Suzuki from 1989 to 2002. It was marketed in the United States as the Suzuki Swift.
The Suzuki SX4 is a subcompact car produced by Suzuki from 1989 to 2002. It was marketed in the United States as the Suzuki Swift. The SX4 was based on the Suzuki Cappuccino, but featured a much more modern design. The SX4 was replaced by the Suzuki S-MX in 2002. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.01818 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'William Harty'
William Harty (March 8, 1847 – April | William Harty (March 8, 1847 – April 1, 1915) was an American playwright and dramatist.
Harty was born in Waterford, Ireland, the youngest of nine children. He came to the United States in 1868 and began working as a printer's devil in New York City. Harty wrote his first play, "The Foolish Virgin", in 1878. It was produced in 1880 and was a success on Broadway. Harty's other successful plays include "Don Juan" (1892), "The Lady from Dubuque" (1894), "The Fortune Hunter" (1898), and "The Bittern" (1906). Harty also wrote two successful novels, "The Postman Always Rings Twice" (1929) and "Double Indemnity" (1944). Harty died in 1915 at the age of 70. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.349131 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saprof'
The SAPROF (Structured Assessment of Protective Factors) | The SAPROF (Structured Assessment of Protective Factors) methodology is a tool that can be used to assess the protective factors for a population or group of people. It was developed by the World Health Organization in the early 1990s and has been used to protect populations from injuries and disease.
The SAPROF methodology is based on the premise that it is possible to identify and assess the protective factors for a population or group of people. Protective factors are those things that help to reduce the risk of an injury or disease occurring. The SAPROF methodology is based on the idea that it is possible to identify and measure all the important protective factors for a population or group of people.
The SAPROF methodology has been used to protect populations from injuries and disease. It has been used to identify and measure all the important protective factors for a population or group of people. The SAPROF methodology is based on the premise that it is possible to identify and assess the protective factors for a population or group of people. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.215003 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Morry Taylor'
Maurice Taylor Jr. (born August 28, 1944) | Maurice Taylor Jr. (born August 28, 1944) is the President and Chief executive officer of Titan International, a tire and wheel manufacturing company. Taylor, nicknamed "the Grizz" for his bear-like gruffness, started in tool and die manufacturing before purchasing Titan Wheel International from Firestone. Taylor was born in Detroit, Michigan, and raised in Ellsworth, Michigan. He gained brief fame outside the business world when he made an unsuccessful run for the Republican nomination in the U.S. presidential election of 1996, a campaign chronicled in his book Kill all the lawyers – and other ways to fix the government. He spent over $6 million, but received about 1% of the vote in all the primaries in which he ran. His campaign is featured prominently in the Michael Lewis book Trail Fever. Taylor was also one of the subjects on the 19th episode of PRI's This American Life entitled "Rich Guys", originally aired in 1996. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.791058 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Victor Kneale'
George Victor Harris Kneale (died 8 | George Victor Harris Kneale (died 8 April 2007) was a Manx politician and former Speaker of the House of Keys and Education Minister. Victor Kneale was elected MHK for Douglas West in 1962. He was Chairman of the Board of Education for 15 years, having been a non political member of the Board from 1951 until his election in 1962. He was then elevated to the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man in 1974 before resigning his seat to contest the 1981 General Election. He resigned because of his belief the Legislative Council members should be publicly elected. This was an issue he was still pursuing until a short time before his death having recently submitted his own system for such elections to the Council of Ministers for consideration. He won his old seat back and became Minister of Education until 1990 when he was elected Speaker of the House of Keys. He retired at the 1991 General Election. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.029226 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '2015 Gran Piemonte'
The 2015 Gran Piemonte was the 99th | The 2015 Gran Piemonte was the 99th edition of the Gran Piemonte (known as Giro del Piemonte until 2009) one-day cycling race. The race returned in 2015 after three years, because the 2013 and 2014 editions were not raced due to economical and organizational problems. It was held on 2 October, one day after the Milano–Torino and two days before Il Lombardia (the last "monument classic" of the season), as part of the Trittico di Autunno. It covered a distance of , starting in San Francesco al Campo and ending in Cirié. Riders with the characteristics of sprinter or puncheur were the favourites for the victory. The race was won by Jan Bakelants , who attacked in the final and held off the bunch to take a solo victory. Matteo Trentin won the bunch sprint for second place ahead of Sonny Colbrelli . Teams
A total of 20 teams took part in the race, 12 World Tour teams and 8 Professional Continental teams. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.127222 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lead Balloon'
Lead Balloon is a British television series | Lead Balloon is a British television series produced by Open Mike Productions for BBC Four. The series was created and is co-written by comedian Jack Dee and Pete Sinclair. It stars Dee as Rick Spleen, a cynical and misanthropic comedian whose life is plagued by petty annoyances, disappointments and embarrassments. Raquel Cassidy, Sean Power and Tony Gardner also star. The first series of six episodes was broadcast on BBC Four in 2006, with the first episode achieving the highest ratings for a comedy on the channel. Repeats of the series were run on BBC Two and BBC HD, bringing it to a larger audience. The second series of eight episodes aired on BBC Two from November 2007; the third series aired from November 2008; and the final series aired from 31 May 2011 until 5 July. Comparisons were made by critics to the successful American comedy Curb Your Enthusiasm, and positive comments were made about Lead Balloon's characters, particularly Anna Crilly's Magda, the Eastern European housekeeper. The first series was released on DVD in November 2007. The show's theme tune is a cover version of "One Way Road", written by Noel Gallagher and performed by Paul Weller. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.322594 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shanghai Zobon F.C.'
Shanghai Zobon F.C. (Simplified Chinese: 上海中邦足球俱乐部) is | Shanghai Zobon F.C. (Simplified Chinese: 上海中邦足球俱乐部) is a Chinese professional football club that currently participates in the Chinese Super League. Founded in 1928, they are based in the city of Shanghai.
Shanghai Zobon compete in the Chinese Super League, one of the top professional football leagues in China. The club has won three league titles, five League Cups and one Amateur Cup. They also reached the semi-finals of the AFC Champions League twice, but were unable to progress further. Shanghai Zobon also reached the final of the Asian Club Championship twice, but were unable to win the title.
The club was founded on 28 July 1928 under the name Shanghai Jiaxing Football Club (上海嘉定足球队). After World War II, they changed their name to Shanghai Zobon and entered the newly founded Chinese Professional Football League in 1949. They won their first league title in 1954 and retained it in 1955. They reached the final of the AFC Champions League in 1957 but were defeated 3–1 by Japanese side Kashima Antlers. They also reached the semi-finals of the Asian Club Championship in 1963 and 1965.
In 1974, Shanghai Zobon merged with amateur team Jiading FC and changed their name to Jiading Zobon before merging with another amateur team Xinjiekou FC to form Shanghai East Asia Soccer Football Club (上海東方紅寶足球隊). This | wiki-intro | 1 | 13.447109 | [
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How should minor children be listed as IRA beneficiaries? | I would like to bring up some slightly different points than the ones raised in the excellent answers from JoeTaxpayer and littleadv. The estate can be the beneficiary of an IRA-- indeed, as has been pointed out, this is the default beneficiary if the owner does not specify a beneficiary-- but a testamentary trust cannot be the designated beneficiary of an IRA. A testamentary trust that meets the requirements laid out on page 36 of Publication 590 is essentially a pass-through entity that takes distributions from the IRA and passes them on to the beneficiaries. For the case being considered here of minor beneficiaries, the distributions from the IRA that pass through the trust must be sent to the legal guardians (or other custodians) of the minors' UTMA accounts, and said guardians must invest these sums for the benefit of the minors and hand the monies over when the minors reach adulthood. Minors are not responsible for their support, and so these monies cannot be used by the legal guardian for oaying the minors' living expenses except as provided for in the UTMA regulations. When the minors become adults, they get all the accumulated value on their UTMA accounts, and can start taking the RMDs personally after that, and blowing them on motorcycles if they wish. Thus, the advantage of the testamentary trust is essentially that it lets the trustee of the trust to decide how much money (over and above the RMD) gets distributed each year. The minors and soon-to-be young adults cannot take the entire IRA in a lump sum etc but must abide by the testamentary trustee' s ideas of whether extra money (over and above the RMD) should be taken out in any given year. How much discretion is allowed to the trustee is also something to be thought through carefully. But at least the RMD must be taken from the IRA and distributed to the minors' UTMA accounts (or to the persons as they reach adulthood) each year. Regardless of whether the Traditional IRA goes to beneficiaries directly or through a testamentary trust, its value (as of the date of death) is still included in the estate, and estate tax might be due. However, beneficiaries can deduct the portion of estate tax paid by the estate from the income tax that they have to pay on the IRA withdrawals. Estate planning is very tricky business, and even lawyers very competent in estate and trust issues fall far short in their understanding of tax law, especially income tax law. | hc3-finance | 0 | 23.149508 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Kas Oosterhuis'
Kas Oosterhuis (1951) is a Dutch architect, | Kas Oosterhuis (1951) is a Dutch architect, based in Amsterdam. He is considered one of the pioneers of postmodern architecture.
Kas Oosterhuis was born in 1951 in Amsterdam. After studying architecture at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, he worked as an assistant to Rem Koolhaas at OMA, and then established his own practice in 1977. His early work is characterised by its use of exposed concrete, deconstructed forms and an emphasis on the environment.
Oosterhuis's later work is more complex, incorporating elements of postmodernism and architectural sculpture. He has designed a number of notable buildings, including the Serpentine Gallery in London (1989), the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam (1991) and the newly built Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam (2013). He is also known for his collaborations with artists, including Alejandro Alvarado, Frank Stella andAnish Kapoor.
Kas Oosterhuis was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2002. He has been president of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences since 2009. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.657862 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Marfrig'
Marfrig is the second largest Brazilian food | Marfrig is the second largest Brazilian food processing company, after JBS. The company is headquartered in São Paulo. The company has an operational base in 22 countries, exporting to over 100, and is the second-largest beef producer in the world. Marfrig has about 90,000 employees and has the following structure of units: 33 units of cattle industry (24 in Brazil, five in Argentina, and four in Uruguay), 21 industrial units of chickens (14 in Brazil, four in Europe, and three in the United States), 48 plants for industrial goods and processed (16 in Brazil, five in Argentina, three in Uruguay, eight in the US, one in China, one in Thailand, one in Malaysia, one in South Korea, one in Australia, and 11 in Europe), four industrial pig units in Brazil, two industrial units of turkeys (one in Brazil and one in Europe), five plants of lamb (one in Brazil, three in Uruguay and one in Chile), 27 own factories of feed for chickens, turkeys, and pigs (21 in Brazil, three in Europe and three in the U.S.) and two trading companies (Chile and the United Kingdom), 14 industries and commercial offices for leather (one in Brazil, four in Uruguay, one in China, one in Germany, two in the U.S., one in Argentina, one in Mexico, and three in South Africa). The daily capacity is 31,200 head of cattle, 10,400 pigs, 10,400 sheep, 350,000 turkeys, and 3.7 million chickens. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.485284 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Isopogon prostratus'
Isopogon prostratus, commonly known as prostrate cone-bush, | Isopogon prostratus, commonly known as prostrate cone-bush, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a prostrate shrub with divided leaves with linear lobes, and more or less spherical heads of yellow flowers on the ends of branchlets. Description
Isopogon prostratus is a prostrate, spreading shrub that typically grows to in diameter and has reddish branchlets. The leaves are long and divided, with linear lobes wide on a petiole up to long. The flowers are arranged on the ends of branchlets in sessile, more or less spherical heads in diameter, with egg-shaped involucral bracts at the base. The flowers are up to long, yellow and more or less glabrous. Flowering occurs from October to December and the fruit is a hairy nut, fused with others in a more or less spherical head about in diameter. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.077065 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clarence Long'
Clarence Dickinson "Doc" Long, Jr. (December 11, | Clarence Dickinson "Doc" Long, Jr. (December 11, 1882 – January 17, 1966) was an American football player and physician. He played college football at the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1905 and was captain of the 1905 team. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1954. Long served as the head football coach at the University of Michigan from 1906 to 1907 and at the University of Illinois from 1908 to 1909, compiling a career record of 14–5. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.169475 | [
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where did hurricane katrina begin | Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005 and crossed southern Florida as a moderate Category 1 hurricane, causing some deaths and flooding there before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. | hc3-open_qa | 0 | 12.254106 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wells House'
Wells House may refer to: United States | Wells House may refer to: United States
1. Wells House, a historic house in Wells, Maine
2. Wells House, a country estate in the parish of Stoke Poges, Buckinghamshire, England
3. Wells House (former school), a coeducational secondary school in Wells, Somerset, England
4. Wells House School, an independent day school in Wells, Somerset, England
5. Wells House Hotel and Spa, a hotel and spa in Wells, Somerset, England
6. Wells House School and Sixth Form Centre, an independent school and sixth form college in Wells, Somerset
7. Wells House (TV series), an American television series that aired on ABC from September 25, 2009 to May 14, 2010
8. Well House (surname), a surname derived from the name of Wells | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.056689 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Bactrocera tryoni'
The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is | The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae. It is found in Queensland, Australia.
The Queensland fruit fly is a small, weakly flying insect that feeds principally on fruit. It is found mainly in Queensland, but has also been introduced to other parts of Australia. The Queensland fruit fly is a major pest of citrus trees and other fruit-bearing plants. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.718256 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Berthold-Bezelin'
The Berthold-Bezelins were a German noble | The Berthold-Bezelins were a German noble family.
The Berthold-Bezelins were a German noble family who were lords of the manor of Bezelin in the district of Rheinberg, in the Rhineland-Palatinate, from the 15th century until 1806.
The family originated in Berthold of Bezelin, a peasant who rose to become a knight in the service of the Archbishop of Trier. He acquired land in the vicinity of his home village, and by the end of the 13th century had become one of the most prosperous landowners in Rheinberg. His descendants gradually acquired additional estates in the region, and by 1490 they were described as one of the leading families in Rhineland-Palatinate.
The Berthold-Bezelins played an important role in Rhineland politics during the Middle Ages. They were associated with both the House of Wittelsbach and the House of Habsburg, and their fortunes changed frequently as a result. In 1482 they sided with Elector Palatine Frederick III against Duke Louis III of Bavaria, and later played a role in the Palatine War of Succession. In 1508 they joined forces with Duke Ludwig II of Bavaria against Electoral Palatine Frederick II, but were ultimately defeated and had to cede much of their land.
In 1555 Queen regnant Mary I of England conferred upon John III, Count Palatine of Ne | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.248023 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Onnik Dinkjian'
Onnik Dinkjian (; born 1929) is a | Onnik Dinkjian (; born 1929) is a French born American-Armenian musician and singer. He is father of Ara Dinkjian, and has appeared with his son as well as other Armenian musicians such as Roupen Altiparmakian playing oud. Biography
He was born Jean-Joseph Miliyan in Paris, France, in 1929, the son of Garabed and Zorah from Dikranagerd (Diyarbakir), who both escaped persecution during the genocide. He and his sister, two years his senior, were orphaned five years after his birth. Garabed died when Jean-Joseph was not yet one year old.
Onnik first began taking an interest in music when he went to St. Gregory’s Armenian Church in Paris for the first time at the age of 10. They were adopted by his godparents, Nishan and Oghida Dinkjian, who were also from Dikranagerd, and continued to live in Paris. Growing up he learned not only fluent French and Armenian, but also the melodious dialect of Armenians from Dikranagerd.
Nishan Dinkjian went to Paris from Aleppo and worked various menial jobs before he fell into the wholesale banana business. When fruit became scarce after the war started in 1939, he went into clothing sales to support his family. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.71743 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edges of Darkness'
Edges of Darkness is a 2008 American | Edges of Darkness is a 2008 American psychological horror film directed by Marcus Nispel and written by Mark Verheiden. The screenplay is based on the short story "The Haunting of Hill House" by Shirley Jackson.
The film stars Christina Ricci, James Marsden, Demi Moore, and Luke Evans, with Oliver Platt and Chloe Sevigny in supporting roles. The film was released in the United States on October 13, 2008.
The story follows Dr. Eleanor Kincaid (Christina Ricci), a psychiatrist who is hired to evaluate the mental health of the titular Hill House, a haunted estate in Pennsylvania. Kincaid's team consists of her associate Dr. Lawrence Talbot (James Marsden), patient John Forbes (Luke Evans), and security guard Paul Fitzgerald (Oliver Platt).
Kincaid's team soon discovers that the house is far more sinister than they could have imagined, and they begin to experience terrifying hallucinations of their own. As the team begins to unravel the mystery of Hill House, they find themselves in danger of becoming trapped by its dark secrets. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.858155 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ahmed Yousef'
Ahmed Yousef (AKA Yousef Saleh, Abu Ahmed, | Ahmed Yousef (AKA Yousef Saleh, Abu Ahmed, Sheikh Ahmed Youssef, Sheikh Ahmed el-Masri) was an Egyptian terrorist who was convicted of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
Ahmed Yousef was born in Cairo in 1963 to a poor family of Bedouin origins. He became radicalized at an early age and developed a strong interest in Islam. In 1986, he traveled to Afghanistan to train with the Mujahideen, and returned to Cairo in 1989.
In 1992, Yousef was involved in the planning of the World Trade Center bombing. On February 26, 1993, he placed a bomb inside a truck that was parked near the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The bomb detonated, causing substantial damage to both towers. Eleven people were killed and more than 1,000 were injured in the attack.
Yousef was arrested shortly after the bombing and was later convicted on all counts of his indictment. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Yousef has since been held at the Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc in California. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.476709 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Henry Burris'
Henry Armand Burris Jr. (born June 4, | Henry Armand Burris Jr. (born June 4, 1966) is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Houston Oilers in the first round of the 1988 NFL Draft. He played college football for the University of Miami.
Henry Armand Burris Jr. was born on June 4, 1966 in Miami, Florida. He attended Coral Gables Senior High School, where he played quarterback for the Coral Gables Hurricanes football team.
Burris was drafted by the Houston Oilers in the first round of the 1988 NFL Draft. He played college football for the University of Miami. Burris was a two-time All-American and won the Heisman Trophy in 1991. He was also a two-time National Football League (NFL) Champion with the Oilers. In 1994, he was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs, where he played until his retirement in 1999.
Burris has been a broadcaster for both NFL and college football telecasts since his retirement from professional football. He currently serves as an analyst for CBS Sports Network and Fox Sports 1's coverage of the AFC West Division of the National Football League (NFL). Additionally, he provides color commentary for regional broadcasts of Major League Soccer (MLS) matches on Fox Sports 1 and ESPN 3.
Burris is also an entrepreneur and co-owner of an NBA D-League team, the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, and a Minor League Baseball team, the Corpus Christi Hooks.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Greater Antillean grackle'
The Greater Antillean grackle (Quiscalus niger) is | The Greater Antillean grackle (Quiscalus niger) is a grackle found throughout the Greater Antilles as well as smaller, nearby islands. Like all Quiscalus grackles, it is a rather large, gregarious bird. It lives largely in heavily settled areas. It is also known as the 'kling-kling' and 'chinchilín' in the Dominican Republic, as a 'Ching Ching' in the Cayman Island and as a ‘chango’ in Puerto Rico. Taxonomy
The Irish physician, naturalist and collector Hans Sloane stayed in Jamaica between 1687 and 1689. During his visit, he collected specimens and made notes on the plants and animals. Based on these notes, the ornithologist John Ray published a short description of the Greater Antillean grackle in 1713, using the Latin name Monedula tota nigra but it was not until 1725, more than 35 years after his visit, that Sloane himself published a description of the grackle. He reported that it was common on the road between St. Jago de la Vega (Spanish Town) and Passage-Fort (Portmore). | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.874363 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on '1919 in art'
Events from the year 1919 in art. | Events from the year 1919 in art.
The year 1919 in art involved some significant events. The Paris Peace Conference concluded, leading to the Treaty of Versailles being signed. This treaty led to World War II, which in turn led to the Paris Peace Accords. Additionally, the Armory Show, the only exhibition devoted exclusively to modern art, opened in New York City. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.883709 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wissahickon Valley Park'
Wissahickon Valley Park contains of parkland | Wissahickon Valley Park contains of parkland in Northwest Philadelphia, including the Wissahickon Creek from its confluence with the Schuylkill River to the northwestern boundary of the city with eastern Montgomery County. Visitors travel by foot, bicycle and horse along Forbidden Drive where motor vehicles are not allowed. Side trails off Forbidden Drive lead up into the wooded gorge above the creek along a total of of trails. Philadelphia Parks & Recreation manages the park as the second largest part of the city's parkland areas, after the slightly larger Fairmount Park. The Wissahickon Valley was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1964, including of the parkland. History
While logging and industrialization occurred in some parts of the valley in the late 18th and early 19th century, the gorge itself was known for its natural environment, inspiring religious mystics like Johannes Kelpius, writers like Edgar Allan Poe, John Greenleaf Whittier, George Lippard, and William Cobbett; and artists like Thomas Moran, James Peale, William Trost Richards, and Currier and Ives. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.705889 | [
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The 52nd Rocket Division was a | The 52nd Rocket Division was a division of the Soviet Union's Strategic Rocket Forces. It was established in 1952 and was initially composed of four regiments. The division played a significant role in the Cuban Missile Crisis, deploying more than 500 ballistic missiles to Cuba.
In 1985, the division was disbanded and its constituent regiments were converted into brigades of the 9th Guards Army. | wiki-intro | 1 | 15.587606 | [
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Petatje is a Belgian comics character from | Petatje is a Belgian comics character from the comic strip The Adventures of Nero by Marc Sleen. She is a teenage girl who was adopted by Madam Pheip and Meneer Pheip, along with another orphan child, Petoetje. History
Petatje debuted in the story De Ring van Petatje (Petatje's Ring, 1953), where she is introduced as a rich girl whose parents just passed away. Her aunt Eusebie acts as her guardian, but actually wants to gain Petatje's inherited fortune and therefore tries to murder her. Eventually Petatje does receive her inheritance, but her entire wealth is squandered by Nero in the next album De Hoorn des Overvloeds (The Horn of Dame Fortune, 1953-1954). At first Nero acts as her new guardian, but then Madam Pheip takes this task upon her, seeing that she had already adopted another orphan child of the same age, Petoetje. Petoetje and Petatje become the best of friends. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.744034 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mickey O'Neil'
George Michael Jakob O'Neil (April 12, 1900 | George Michael Jakob O'Neil (April 12, 1900 in St. Louis, Missouri – April 8, 1964), was a professional baseball player who played catcher from 1919 to 1927. O'Neil was coaching third base for the Brooklyn Robins when Babe Herman "doubled into a double play" against the Boston Braves August 15, 1926. Otto Miller was the Dodgers' regular third base coach, but before the seventh inning, complained about getting tired walking there and back from the dugout because nothing happened at third base. O'Neil jumped up and offered to coach in Miller's place. The Dodgers promptly loaded the bases with one out. Herman then hit the ball off the right field wall for an easy double and tried to stretch it into a triple. Chick Fewster, who had been on first base, advanced to third – which was already occupied by Dazzy Vance, who had started from second base but got a slow start because he hadn't seen the hit well, became caught in a rundown between third and home, and was trying to get back to third. All three ended up on third base, with Herman not having watched the play in front of him. The third baseman, Eddie Taylor, tagged everybody to be sure of getting as many outs as possible. The slow-footed Vance had been a major contributor to the situation, but he was the lead runner and not forced to advance, so according to the rules, he was entitled to the base, and umpire Beans Reardon called Herman and Fewster out, ending the inning. As third base coach, O'Neil also bore some blame for the situation. However, Hank DeBerry, who had started the play as the runner on third, scored the game's winning run on the play before the daffiness started. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.759575 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lotte Ledl'
Lotte Ledl (born 16 March 1930) is | Lotte Ledl (born 16 March 1930) is an Austrian actress. Selected filmography
The Forester of the Silver Wood (1954)
The Dairymaid of St. Kathrein (1955)
Kaiserjäger (1956)
Forest Liesel (1956)
Der Schandfleck (1956)
Her Corporal (1956)
War of the Maidens (1957)
A Song Goes Round the World (1958)
Tomorrow Is My Turn (1960)
Max the Pickpocket (1961)
Street of Temptation (1962)
Apartmentzauber (1963)
Schweik's Awkward Years (1964)
Heidi (1965)
Young Törless (1966)
Die Klasse (TV film, 1968)
My Father, the Ape and I (1971)
Rudi, Behave! (1971)
Derrick – Season 5, Episode 03: "Abendfrieden" (1978)
Derrick – Season 8, Episode 02: "Am Abgrund" (1981)
Derrick – Season 9, Episode 04: "Die Fahrt nach Lindau" (1982)
'38 – Vienna Before the Fall (1985)
Ein fast perfekter Seitensprung (TV film, 1995)
Eine fast perfekte Scheidung (TV film, 1997)
Eine fast perfekte Hochzeit (TV film, 1999)
The Decent One (2014), as Hedwig Potthast | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.696775 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gunatitanand Swami'
Gunatitanand Swami (28 September 1784 – 11 | Gunatitanand Swami (28 September 1784 – 11 July 1869) was a Hindu yogi and mystic who is considered to be one of the most renowned saints in the history of Vaisnavism. He is best known for his teachings on the practice of samadhi, which he termed "the way of the gunas" or "the way of the mind".
Gunatitanand Swami was born in a prominent Vaishnava family in 1784 in a village in the state of Maharashtra. From an early age, he demonstrated a deep interest in spirituality and meditation. In 1809, at the age of twenty-two, Gunatitanand Swami renounced worldly life and became a wandering yogi. He travelled throughout India, teaching meditation and samadhi to various audiences.
Gunatitanand Swami died in 1869 at the age of eighty-four. His teachings have influenced many eminent figures in the history of yoga, including Mahavira, Shankara, Ramana Maharshi, and Sri Ramanasramamurti. Today, Gunatitanand Swami is venerated as a saint by followers of Vaisnavism. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.41563 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lucy Aikin'
Lucy Aikin (6 November 1781 – 29 | Lucy Aikin (6 November 1781 – 29 October 1855) was an English actress and singer who achieved great fame in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Aikin was born in London to a theatrical family, and made her stage debut at the age of four. She appeared in several British provinces before making her London debut in 1801. In 1809, she made her first appearance in America and soon became one of the most popular actresses of her era. Aikin's most famous roles were as Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeare's Macbeth (1847), Eliza Doolittle in Henry James's The Portrait of a Lady (1881), and Mrs Worthington in Charles Dickens's The Pickwick Papers (1836). She also appeared in many films, including The Motor Boat (1904), The Student Prince (1938), and East Lynne (1941). Aikin was awarded an honorary degree from Oxford University in 1852. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.547217 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Saki Naka'
Saki Naka is a neighbourhood in Andheri | Saki Naka is a neighbourhood in Andheri east, Mumbai. Development
The city's first elevated metro line, Mumbai Metro's line one passes through this neighbourhood and has a station to the east of Sakinaka junction. The metro services has reduced the traffic congestion on the streets below, but it's only better than before.
Civic infrastructure struggles to keep up with Sakinaka's commercial boom. Vehicular traffic is high throughout the day; rush hours include 9:00 AM and 5:00 to 7:00 PM. Pedestrian sidewalks are non-existent on some roads, and those that exist are heavily encroached by hawkers. Almost a million people have been living and earning their daily bread in Saki Naka since the area was populated in the 1970s. AC Narayan Nadar was one of the earliest developers of low cost housing in the previously underdeveloped forest area of Saki Naka. Mohili Village was the earliest site of development in Saki Naka and is currently populated by over a million people. Sakinaka is also considered for its numerous manufacturing companies including many small and large scale businesses. It's considered a manufacturing hub for plastic mould manufacturing. Industrial plastic parts are mostly manufactured in Sakinaka. Sakinaka is also a hub for diamond cutting and polishing, | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.205048 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ferdinand Georg Frobenius'
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (26 October 1849 – | Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (26 October 1849 – 7 July 1912) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to geometry, number theory, and mathematical physics. He is best known for his work on Frobenius series, which he used to solve some of the most difficult problems in mathematics.
Frobenius was born in Basel, Switzerland, on 26 October 1849. He studied at the University of Basel, where he received his doctorate in 1870. From 1870 to 1874 he was a lecturer at the University of Zürich. In 1874 he moved to Berlin, where he became a professor at the University of Berlin in 1884.
Frobenius died in Berlin on 7 July 1912. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.288118 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Danièle Heymann'
Danièle Heymann (16 May 1933 – 25 | Danièle Heymann (16 May 1933 – 25 October 2007) was a French actress. Born in Paris, she appeared in more than eighty films between 1954 and 2002. Heymann was particularly noted for her work in the French film industry, where she often played supporting roles. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.891045 | [
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Glutton for Punishment is a program on | Glutton for Punishment is a program on Food Network hosted by Bob Blumer and produced by Paperny Entertainment. The show features the host competing in various daunting, food-related challenges. He is given five days to become proficient enough in the episode's featured specialty, then his newly acquired skills are put to the test by matching him up against champions and experts in the field. In several competitions, Bob Blumer surprises by qualifying ahead of many pros—and he sometimes even wins. When he is not doing so well, he acknowledges the difficulty he has, often with self-deprecating humour. Bob recently broke the Guinness world record for the largest bowl of salsa at the Jacksonville, Texas, 26th Tomato Fest on June 12, 2010. The final bowl weighed in at 2,672 pounds. The feat was filmed for Season 5 of "Glutton," during which Bob attempted to break six world's records. Episodes | wiki-intro | 0 | 35.080845 | [
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Nouvelle Résistance (NR) was a French far-right | Nouvelle Résistance (NR) was a French far-right political movement founded in 2002, by Jean-Marie Le Pen and his wife, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen. The movement was dissolved in 2015.
The NR was a far-right political movement founded in 2002 by Jean-Marie Le Pen and his wife, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen. The movement attempted to revive the French far-right through nationalist and xenophobic rhetoric, as well as anti-globalization and Eurosceptic policies. In March 2015, the NR was dissolved after suffering from a series of electoral defeats. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.437008 | [
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Do ceiling fans actually do something? i have never seen one in real life, i guess they're not as popular here, but the ones i see in tv shows, movies, animation seem to spin very slow and just waste energy. Please explain like I' m five. | They are actually quite helpful. If you run them at a good speed, they keep the air in the room moving, which improves heat exchange between the air and the people in the room. On a hot day, they can make people comfortable at a warmer temperature, saving energy. On a cold day, they keep the warm air from rising to the ceilings, saving energy. My house has fans in just about every room, and I like them quite a lot. Just out of curiosity, where is "here" that you guys don't have ceiling fans? Installing ceiling fans has lowered my cooling bills considerably. Don't have to rely on a/c so much. Yes, they actually do circulate the air, and they usually have 3 speed settings. I sleep with my ceiling fan on every night. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 12.030738 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pittsburgh Public Market'
Pittsburgh Public Market is a public market | Pittsburgh Public Market is a public market located in the Strip District neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The market was founded in 1872 and is operated by the Pittsburgh Public Market Corporation.
The market is a popular tourist destination, with various merchants selling food, arts and crafts, and souvenirs. It is also a popular spot for local Pittsburgh residents to buy fresh produce and groceries. The market is open Monday through Saturday from 7:00am to 3:00pm, and on Sundays from 8:00am to 2:00pm. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.068484 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Upland hunting'
Upland hunting is an American term for | Upland hunting is an American term for a form of hunting in which the hunter pursues upland birds including quail, pheasant, grouse, woodcock, prairie chicken, chukar, grey partridge, and other landfowls. Unlike aquatic birds (waterfowls and shorebirds), upland birds are terrestrial and tend to be found on the dry lands above the high mark of waterbodies, often hidden in heavy groundcover, so hunters generally employ the use of gun dogs to locate, expose and retrieve game. The average group consists of 2-4 hunters with 1-2 dogs. Normally, if there is one dog the owner usually handles the dog while the others focus on shooting. Depending upon their method of work, some dogs (pointers and setters) are tasked to detect game, and some (spaniels) to purposefully startle ("flush") game. When the birds are forced to flee out of concealment and into the open, either by the hunter or the dog, the hunter then attempts to shoot down the birds on the wings to render them flightless, also known as wingshooting. Once downed, the game is usually either incapacitated or immobilized, and is then retrieved with a dog (retrievers) or by the hunter himself. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.424444 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ivy Wedgwood'
Dame Ivy Evelyn Annie Wedgwood, (née | Dame Ivy Evelyn Annie Wedgwood, (née Drury; 18 October 1896 – 24 July 1975) was an Australian politician who served as a Senator for Victoria from 1950 to 1971, representing the Liberal Party. She was the first woman to represent Victoria in the Senate and the first woman to chair a select committee. Early life
Ivy Evelyn Annie Drury was born in Melbourne, the older of two daughters born to Elizabeth (née Evans) and Albert Drury; her father worked as a dairyman. She grew up in the suburb of Flemington, attending the local state school. After leaving school, she worked as a secretary for Paterson, Laing and Bruce, a clothing company. Her manager there was Stanley Bruce, a future Prime Minister of Australia. She later worked as an accountant for H. P. Launder, an import firm, and as a saleswoman for Myer, a department store. On 7 October 1921, she married Jack Kearns Wedgwood, a mechanic and ex-serviceman who became an executive at Holden. They initially settled in Woodend, but later moved to Essendon. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.967813 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tennessee State Capitol'
The Tennessee State Capitol, located in Nashville, | The Tennessee State Capitol, located in Nashville, Tennessee, is the seat of government for the U.S. state of Tennessee. It serves as the home of both houses of the Tennessee General Assembly–the Tennessee House of Representatives and the Tennessee Senate–and also contains the governor's office. Designed by architect William Strickland (1788–1854) of Philadelphia and Nashville, it was built between 1845 and 1859 and is one of Nashville's most prominent examples of Greek Revival architecture. The building, one of 12 state capitols that does not have a dome, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and named a National Historic Landmark in 1971. The tomb of James K. Polk, the 11th president of the United States, is on the capitol grounds. Description
The Tennessee State Capitol sits atop Capitol Hill, the highest point in Downtown Nashville. It is surrounded by a number of state government buildings, including the Tennessee Supreme Court building for the Middle Tennessee Grand Division. Directly south of the capitol is Legislative Plaza, a public plaza located between a number of state office buildings. North of the capitol is Bicentennial Capitol Mall State Park, a large public park that traces the state's history and geographic features. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.506011 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sidiki Kaba'
Sidiki Kaba (born 21 August 1950 in | Sidiki Kaba (born 21 August 1950 in Togo) is a French-born Togolese journalist and author. He is the editor-in-chief of the Togolese newspaper L'Observateur.
Kaba was born in 1950 in Togo. He studied at the University of Paris, where he obtained a degree in law. He then worked as a lawyer before becoming a journalist. He has been the editor-in-chief of the Togolese newspaper L'Observateur since 1993.
Kaba has written numerous books, including La République togolaise (1995), Un an après l'indépendance (1998), L'ombre du pouvoir (2000), Les enjeux économiques du Togo (2002), and La guerre civile au Togo (2005). | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.73961 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Laserblast'
Laserblast is a 1978 American science fiction | Laserblast is a 1978 American science fiction film about an unhappy teenage loner who discovers an alien laser cannon and goes on a murderous rampage, seeking revenge against those who he feels have wronged him. The extremely low-budget film was directed by Michael Rae and produced by Charles Band, who is widely known for producing B movies. Starring Kim Milford, Cheryl Smith, and Gianni Russo, the film features Keenan Wynn and Roddy McDowall, and marked the screen debut of actor Eddie Deezen. The reptilian alien creatures in the film were works of stop motion animation by animator David W. Allen, marking the first chapter in a decades-long history of collaboration between Allen and Band. The alien spacecraft model featured in Laserblast was designed and built by Greg Jein in two weeks, and the musical score was written in five days by Joel Goldsmith and Richard Band, the first film score for both composers. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.580404 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Biplobi Bangla Congress'
Biplobi Bangla Congress (BBC) is a political | Biplobi Bangla Congress (BBC) is a political party in West Bengal, India. The party emerged as a splinter group of Bangla Congress ahead of the 1971 elections of West Bengal. This political Party was founded by Late Sukumar Roy, a prominent Congress leader of Bengal. BBC is now the part of the Left Front. History
Formation of BBC by the late Sukumar Roy is an important part in the history of Politics of West Bengal. Congress party hold the power of state for the first two decades after partition, before trying out another grouping in 1967. At that time, the first United Front government came to power with Ajoy Mukherjee of the Bangla Congress (a Congress splinter group) as chief minister and Jyoti Basu as deputy chief minister. Thereafter followed four years of political instability due to the Naxalite rebellion and police counter-action, the Congress muscled its way back to power in the rigged 1972 elections, when even Jyoti Basu lost his assembly seat to a nonentity by 40,000 votes. In 1977, the voters brought the Biplobi Bangla Congress and Left Front merged to power, with latter retaining the title and from since then they remained firm as the ruling party of West Bengal for 34 years. | wiki-intro | 0 | 30.507391 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Innoprom'
Innoprom is the large-scale international industrial exhibition | Innoprom is the large-scale international industrial exhibition annually held in Ekaterinburg, Russia. As declared, "the purpose of the Exhibition is to present advanced technologies developed in Russia which are ready to be used in industry, to facilitate the spreading of the best innovation practices and developing business connections between industrial enterprises and technology developers." The first exhibit took part in July 2010 and the third one takes part in July 2012. For the second one, the Ekaterinburg-Expo exhibition and congress center was constructed, one of the largest in Russia. The purpose of the center is to hold future exhibitions of various scale, and Sverdlovsk Oblast authorities aim to make it a place to hold Expo 2020 World Fair. Unfortunately, the Ekaterinburg-Expo construction project ran over the budget dramatically, thus approximately half of the construction was abandoned. Innoprom 2011 was held in completed parts of the complex, abandoned parts being screened with posters and fences. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.972492 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pan-Caribbean'
The concept of a "pan-Caribbean" culture area | The concept of a "pan-Caribbean" culture area refers to recent proposals by an international group of archaeologists to the effect that contacts among Pre-Columbian peoples of the Yucatán Peninsula, the Antilles, Central America, and northern South America may have been more extensive than heretofore acknowledged. A pan-Caribbean perspective seeks to emphasize the importance of considering information from the a broad area, one characterized as "the American Mediterranean," in evaluating issues of mobility, exchange, linguistics, ideology, art, material culture, and identity. The pan-Caribbean area was one whose peoples interacted regularly with those of Mesoamerica, the Isthmo-Colombian area, and the Amazon basin, creating a context that had significant effects on culture change throughout a large portion of the Americas. The culture of the Caribbean people as practiced and experienced among the islands of the Caribbean sea, that stretch from the Bahamas in the north to the mainland shores of the Guianas in the south. Caribbean anthropologist, like their colleagues in sociology, history, geography, political science, are increasingly expanding the frontiers of their respective disciplines to overlap and encompass previous academic boundaries in their quest to effectively represent and interpret the heterogeneity of the Caribbean experience. In terms of the social context of Caribbean people, an increasingly important issue archeologists are addressing relates to the identification of culture diversity. In recent years, a growing body of indigenous voices in Caribbean archeology is expressing disdain for and resistance to the hegemony of colonialist interpretations of Caribbean pre-Columbian history. As such, new historical frameworks and visions of past dynamics have become centers of active scholarship in Caribbean archeology. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.739294 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Union Canal (Scotland)'
The Union Canal, full name the Edinburgh | The Union Canal, full name the Edinburgh and Glasgow Union Canal, is a canal in Scotland, running from Falkirk to Edinburgh, constructed to bring minerals, especially coal, to the capital. It was opened in 1822 and was initially successful, but the construction of railways, particularly the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, which opened in 1842, diminished its value as a transport medium. It fell into slow commercial decline and was closed to commercial traffic in 1933. It was officially closed in 1965. The canal is listed as three individual scheduled monuments by Historic Scotland according to the three former counties, Midlothian, West Lothian and Stirlingshire, through which it flows. It has benefited from a general revival of interest in canals and, as a result of the Millennium Link, was reopened in 2001 and reconnected to the Forth and Clyde Canal in 2002 by the Falkirk Wheel. It is now in popular use for leisure purposes. | wiki-intro | 0 | 21.050159 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Little Mexico'
Little Mexico is a former neighborhood in | Little Mexico is a former neighborhood in Dallas, Texas, encompassing the area bordered by Maple Avenue, McKinney Avenue and the MKT (Missouri, Kansas, Texas) Railroad. Formerly a Polish Jewish neighborhood, it was settled by a wave of Mexican immigrants beginning about 1910, and was recognized as Little Mexico by 1919, becoming a center of a Mexican-American community life in the city that lasted into the early 1980s, with a peak of population in the 1960s. Pike Park and a few structures are the remnants of the historic neighborhood, redeveloped (or gentrified) as Uptown, including the Arts and West End Districts. Origins
Established as an area of Polish Jewish immigrants, who arrived beginning in the late 19th century, the neighborhood began to attract Mexican immigrants, who arrived after the defeat of President Porfirio Diaz and his government and the start of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1921). Mexicans immigrants from all walks of life came to the Dallas area to take jobs in factories, agriculture, and particularly the railroads, which significantly expanded in Dallas after 1900 and provided work opportunities for immigrants. In a process of ethnic succession, as the former mostly Jewish population moved out, Mexicans replaced them. The area between Lamar and Akard streets and Ross and McKinney Avenue had low-cost housing and stricter laws regarding legalized vices, making the area less desirable for local Dallas residents but more obtainable for recent immigrants. They had a continuing immigration and increased in population. By 1919, the area was known as "Little Mexico." A Dallas Morning News article defined the area as "[t]he entire district bounded by Cochran and Payne streets and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas tracks and taking in the vast districts on lower Ross and McKinney avenues." | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.727463 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Quincy Center'
Quincy Center is an area of Quincy, | Quincy Center is an area of Quincy, Massachusetts, centered along Hancock Street and covering the downtown area of the city. The area is a retail shopping locale and also includes the City Hall, the Thomas Crane Public Library, several churches, including the United First Parish Church, where John Adams and John Quincy Adams were buried, and numerous office buildings, including the headquarters of Stop & Shop. A memorial to the soldiers of World War I along with various statues of other great figures can be found in the vicinity. It is served by a large Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) station which includes subway access, bus service and a large parking garage. Annual events
Sidewalk Sale - takes place over one weekend in July. This is a very popular event when people come from all around to buy items and enjoy rides and fun events, similar to a block party. A portion of Hancock Street is blocked off, and many local stores and business set up canopies along the street to conduct business with the patrons. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.55789 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gary R. Johnson'
Gary R. Johnson is an American political | Gary R. Johnson is an American political scientist who studies the evolutionary origins of political behavior. Johnson has argued that government and politics are natural phenomena found widely in nature. He has likewise argued that patriotism is a functional necessity in any stable biological or social system, and that patriotism is generated in large-scale human societies through the orchestration of psychological mechanisms that evolved originally under very different conditions. He says that loyalty to ethnic groups—as well as the nationalism that often grows out of such loyalty—is achieved through orchestrating these same mechanisms. Johnson served as Editor of Politics and the Life Sciences from 1991 to 2001 and as executive director of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences from 1996 to 2001. In the latter capacity, he organized association conferences in Boston, Atlanta, Washington DC, and Charleston. He also served in 2012-13 as President of the Michigan Political Science Association, which honored him in 2016 with its Founders Award for service to the association and contributions to the discipline. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.287088 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'List of numismatists'
A coin collector is different from a | A coin collector is different from a numismatist, which is someone who studies coins. Many collectors are also numismatists, but some are not. Likewise, not all numismatists collect coins themselves. Andreas Alföldi
Martin Allen
Michel Amandry
Augusto Carlos Teixeira de Aragão
Simone Assemani
Churchill Babington
Georges Bataille
Anselmo Banduri
Jacob de Bie
Mark Blackburn
Osmund Bopearachchi
Bartolomeo Borghesi
Claude Gros de Boze
Guillaume Budé
Andrew Burnett
Francesco Carelli
Celestino Cavedoni
Henry Cohen
Joe Cribb
Elena Abramovna Davidovich
Théophile Marion Dumersan
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher
Giuseppe Fiorelli
Martin Folkes
Julius Friedländer
Andrea Fulvio
Raffaele Garrucci
Shpresa Gjongecaj
Francesco Gnecchi
Philip Grierson
P. L. Gupta
Nicola Francesco Haym
Stefan Heidemann
David Hendin
G. Kenneth Jenkins
Joel L. Malter
Harold Mattingly
Michael Metcalf
Theodor Mommsen
Joaquín Rubio y Muñoz
Carlo Ottavio, Count Castiglione
Elizabeth Pirie
Adolf von Rauch (born 1805)
Louis Robert
Desiré-Raoul Rochette
Eduard Rüppell
Antonio Salinas
Camillo Serafini
Adolf Soetbeer
Dmitry Sontsov
Frederic Soret
Johann Gustav Stickel
Charles Surasky
Francois Thierry
Olaus Gerhard Tychsen
Bernhard Karl von Koehne
Jörgen Zoega | wiki-intro | 0 | 56.724548 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alix Delaporte'
Alix Delaporte (born 1969) is a French | Alix Delaporte (born 1969) is a French film director and screenwriter. Life and career
Delaporte studied at the London School of Economics between 1988 and 1989, and in 1993, she obtained a master's degree in contemporary history. During her screenwriting studies at La Fémis from 1999 to 2000, Delaporte worked as a reporter and cameraperson at the CAPA Agency and collaborated on a number of television shows. In 2006, her short film How Do You Brake Going Downhill? (Comment on freine dans une descente ?) was screened at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion for Best Short Film. In 2012, her debut feature film Angel & Tony earned three nominations at the 37th César Awards and won newcomer awards for lead actors Clotilde Hesme and Grégory Gadebois. Her next film, The Last Hammer Blow, played in competition at the 71st Venice International Film Festival. Romain Paul, who played the son of Clothilde Hesme and Grégory Gadebois' characters, won the Marcello Mastroianni Award for his performance in the film. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.46884 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hōgon-ji'
The Hogon-ji Temple is located on the | The Hogon-ji Temple is located on the outskirts of Kyoto, in the Higashiyama district. It is one of the oldest and most famous Zen temples in Japan.
The temple was founded in the early 12th century by a disciple of the Buddhist monk Eisai, who named it Hogon-ji after his teacher. Hogon-ji was one of the most influential and prestigious Zen temples in Japan during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. The temple's main hall, called the Hojo, was used as a venue for political negotiations between warring feudal lords. In 1336, the temple was destroyed by an earthquake, but was rebuilt within a year. In 1593, during the Sengoku period, a large fire destroyed much of the temple complex, but it was rebuilt again within three years.
Hogon-ji is currently administratively under the jurisdiction of Kyoto City. The temple has approximately 1,500 monks in attendance. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.859816 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Miriam DeCosta-Willis'
Miriam DeCosta-Willis (November 1, 1934 – January | Miriam DeCosta-Willis (November 1, 1934 – January 7, 2021) was an American educator, writer, and civil rights activist. The first African American faculty member at Memphis State University, having previously been denied admission to the school as a graduate student due to her race, she spent her career as a professor of Romance languages and African American studies at a variety of colleges in Memphis and the Washington, D.C., area. She published over a dozen books throughout her career, largely dealing with Afro-Latino literature and Black Memphis history. Early life and education
Miriam DeCosta-Willis was born Miriam Dolores DeCosta in Florence, Alabama, in 1934. The granddaughter of Zachary Hubert, who had been enslaved in Georgia, she was born to a pair of African American educators. Her mother, Beautine Hubert DeCosta, had graduated from Spelman College and Atlanta University, and her father, Frank A. DeCosta, held degrees from Lincoln University, Columbia University, and the University of Pennsylvania. She and her brother, Frank, grew up on the college campuses across Georgia, Alabama, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina where her parents worked. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.183765 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paracobitis'
Paracobitis is a genus of Asian stone | Paracobitis is a genus of Asian stonefly in the family Perlodidae. There is at least one described species in Paracobitis, Paracobitis rotundipalpis. These flies are found in a variety of habitats including wetlands, rice paddies, and forests.
Paracobitis rotundipalpis is a species of stonefly in the family Perlodidae. It is found in a range of habitats including wetlands, rice paddies, and forests. This fly is generally small, measuring only 1-2 mm in length. It has a robust body with a flattened head and short antennae. The wings are dark brown with a light brown stripe along the costal margin. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.786414 | [
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Oregon Route 37 is a state highway | Oregon Route 37 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oregon that runs between Cold Springs Junction on the Columbia River in north-central Oregon, to the city of Pendleton. The highway comprises the Pendleton-Cold Springs Highway No. 36 (see Oregon highways and routes), and part of the Pendleton-John Day Highway No. 28. Route description
Oregon Route 37 begins (at its southern terminus) at an interchange with Interstate 84 and U.S. Route 395 just south of downtown Pendleton. Heading north from that interchange, the highway skirts the western edge of downtown, briefly shares an alignment with U.S. Route 30 over the Pendleton Highway No. 67, and then heads north out of Pendleton.
At an intersection with Oregon Route 334, the highway turns west-northwest for the remainder of its length, terminating at an intersection with U.S. Route 730 near Cold Springs Junction. Just west of the junction lies Hat Rock State Park. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.490995 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Natimuk-Douglas Wetlands'
The Natimuk-Douglas Wetlands comprise a chain of | The Natimuk-Douglas Wetlands comprise a chain of freshwater, brackish and saline wetlands in the semi-arid Wimmera region of western Victoria. Australia. They are important for waterbirds. Description
The wetlands lie between the small towns of Goroke on the west and Natimuk on the east, while the Little Desert National Park lies to the north and the Grampians National Park to the south-east. The Wimmera experiences hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters; waterbird numbers peak between July and November in most years, especially when there has been good local rainfall and when inland Australia is dry. Most of the wetlands are ephemeral and subject to seasonal flooding, but some retain water throughout the year. Many of the wetlands are fringed by saltmarsh; other plant communities such as sedgeland and paperbark forest also occur. Most of the wetlands have some protection in small, individual reserves surrounded by farmland, though seasonal waterfowl hunting is permitted on many. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.670103 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lee Evans (sprinter)'
Lee Edward Evans (February 25, 1947 – | Lee Edward Evans (February 25, 1947 – May 19, 2021) was an American sprinter. He won two gold medals in the 1968 Summer Olympics, setting world records in the 400 meters and the 4 × 400 meters relay, both of which stood for 20 and 24 years respectively. Evans co-founded the Olympic Project for Human Rights and was part of the athlete's boycott and the Black Power movement. Early life and education
Lee Edward Evans was born on February 25, 1947, in Madera, California to Dayton and Pearlie Mae Evans. At the age of four, his family moved to Fresno. During his childhood, he harvested grapes and picked cotton in fields with his brothers and sisters. He attended Madison Elementary School and in his last year there trained for his first race by racing his friends at school. Evans went on to Central Union High School where he was classified in the C class for the 660 yard dash due to his height, weight, and age. Due to his mother contracting Valley fever, the Evans family moved to San Jose, California, during Lee's sophomore year. While running for Overfelt High School, Evans was undefeated, improving his 440-yard time from 48.2 in 1964 to 46.9 in 1965. | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.158615 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Thomas Graf (biologist)'
Thomas Graf (born 28 September 1944) is | Thomas Graf (born 28 September 1944) is a German biologist who has made significant contributions to the study of DNA repair and genetic diseases.
Graf was born in Cologne, Germany, on 28 September 1944. He studied biology at the University of Cologne, where he received his PhD in 1978. After postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Francisco, he returned to Germany to take up a position at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in 1985. He has since held positions at the University of Tuebingen, the University of Greifswald, and the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin.
Graf's work has been particularly influential in the fields of DNA repair and genetic diseases. He is known for his work on the role of DNA mismatch repair proteins in repairing DNA damage, and for his studies of genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease. In 2007, he was awarded the prestigious Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.826559 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hurricane Marty (2015)'
Hurricane Marty was a tropical cyclone that | Hurricane Marty was a tropical cyclone that produced heavy rains and flooding in several states in Southwestern and Western Mexico. The twentieth named storm and twelfth hurricane of the annual hurricane season, Marty developed from a tropical wave on September 26, 2015 to the southwest of Acapulco, Guerrero, in Mexico. Initially a tropical depression, the system strengthened into a tropical storm early on the following day. Due to favorable atmospheric conditions, Marty continued to intensify, but wind shear sharply increased as the storm approached a large mid- to upper-level trough. Despite this, the cyclone deepened further, becoming a hurricane on September 28 and peaking with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) shortly thereafter. Wind shear quickly took its toll on the hurricane, weakening it to a tropical storm early on September 29. About 24 hours later, Marty degenerated into a post-tropical low pressure area offshore Guerrero. The low further degenerated into a trough later on September 30, and eventually dissipated on October 4. In anticipation of the storm, tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued in the states of Guerrero and Michoacán. Flooding occurred, particularly in Guerrero, where areas near Acapulco observed of rainfall. There were several landslides and over 300 homes in the municipality of Coyuca de Benitez were flooded. The remnants also caused severe flooding in Sonora. About 800 homes and 400 vehicles were damaged in the city of Guaymas alone. Total damage in the state reached MXN$500 million (US$30 million). | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.492266 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Truter v Deysel'
Truter and Another v Deysel is an | Truter and Another v Deysel is an important case in South African law, with particular resonance in the area of civil procedure and medical malpractice. It is also frequently quoted or invoked for its definition of "cause of action." It was heard in the Supreme Court of Appeal by Harms JA, Zulman JA, Navsa JA, Mthiyane JA and Van Heerden JA on 24 February 2006; judgment was delivered on 17 March. Counsel for the appellants was JG Dickerson SC; AC Oosthuizen SC appeared for the respondent. The case was an appeal from a decision in the Cape Provincial Division by Mlonzi AJ. The case turned on "the crisp question" of when exactly, in terms of the Prescription Act, the period of prescription commences. Deysel's claim was based on delict. Under section 12 of the Act, prescription begins to run only from the time at which creditor acquires knowledge, or is deemed to have acquired knowledge, of "the facts from which the debt arises." The creditor acquires a complete cause of action for the recovery of debt when he is in possession of the entire set of facts upon which he relies to prove his claim. The court held that the cause of action is complete as soon as the creditor sustains some harm; knowledge of fault or unlawfulness is not required. Expert opinion (to the effect that the defendants' conduct was negligent) did not constitute a fact, but was rather evidence. Prescription accordingly commenced to run as soon as the creditor sustained harm, and not only when he secured expert opinion that defendants' conduct was negligent. | wiki-intro | 0 | 31.385426 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'HP Roman'
In computing HP Roman is a family | In computing HP Roman is a family of font types designed by Hewlett-Packard and introduced in 1984. It was based on the earlier Palatino typeface, and was marketed as a lower-cost alternative to the then dominant Times New Roman typeface. HP Roman is a condensed, roman typeface that was popular in the early days of desktop publishing.
HP Roman has been used in a wide variety of applications, including computer typography, user interface design, and advertising. It is still in use today, particularly in the Americas and Europe. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.193988 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Anna Maria Walker'
Anna Maria Walker (née Patton) (c. 1778–1852) | Anna Maria Walker (née Patton) (c. 1778–1852) was an American author and abolitionist.
Anna Maria Walker was born in 1778 in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. She married Dr. John Walker in 1809, and the couple had five children. Walker became an advocate for abolitionism after reading Harriet Beecher Stowe's book, Uncle Tom's Cabin, in 1852. She died the following year.
Walker is best known for her book, A History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1877, which was published in 1879. The book provides a detailed history of African Americans in America from 1619 to 1877, and has been cited as a source for historians studying race relations in the United States. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.437161 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Elisabetta Benassi'
Elisabetta Benassi (born 1966 in Rome) is | Elisabetta Benassi (born 1966 in Rome) is a contemporary Italian artist. She is aligned with the conceptual tradition, employing a plurality of media and techniques that reference artistic traditions of the twentieth century, her personal history, as well as broader political and cultural themes, including psychoanalysis and cultural memory. What emerges in her oeuvre is a critical examination of contemporary identity and the conditions of modernity. As well as incorporating concepts on modernity in her work, Benassi has explored the use of mixed media, machinery, and sculpture. In her work, Suolo No. 3 (Ground #3), Benassi has photographed the ground of an auto repair shop which contains all sorts of metal objects on the floor. The photograph can easily be mistaken for a bunch of dirt. In fact, Benassi has combined these two contrasting conceptual ideas to show cohesion between the objects, exemplifying a balance between them even though they are so different. (Metal: shiny, silver objects juxtaposed with dirt: earth tones, soft). These photographs are large scale, forcing the viewer to face the assorted objects head on. | wiki-intro | 0 | 37.696163 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Franco-Tahitian War'
The Franco-Tahitian War or French–Tahitian War | The Franco-Tahitian War or French–Tahitian War (1844–1847) was a conflict between the Kingdom of the French and the Kingdom of Tahiti and its allies in the South Pacific archipelago of the Society Islands in modern-day French Polynesia. Tahiti was converted to Protestant Christianity by the London Missionary Society (LMS) in the early 19th century with the patronage of the Pōmare Dynasty. Influenced by British missionary George Pritchard, Queen Pōmare IV expelled French Catholic missionaries from her kingdom in 1836 and incurred the ire of France. Between 1838 and 1842, French naval commander Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars responded to French complaints of mistreatment and forced the queen and the Tahitian chiefs to sign over Tahiti as a protectorate. Pritchard and Pōmare IV attempted to resist French rule and to convince the British to intervene in favor of the Tahitian. These efforts were unsuccessful and led to the imprisonment of Pritchard and the deposition and voluntary exile of Pōmare IV to her relatives in neighboring Raiatea. | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.145941 | [
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How can some things like Gay marriage and Marijuana be legal in some states and not all? Canadian that is curious Please explain like I' m five. | The US is a federal republic, and powers pertaining to civil law fall to the states. American states have a higher degree of "autonomy" than Canadian provinces. If something isn't in the federal law then it's up to the individual states to decide. People in those states decided to make these things legal. The upside is certain issues are harder to convince the entire country to agree on but certain areas with the same political leaning can agree to make it into regional law. The US is a union of states. Some aspects of law (quite a bit really) is decided on a state level, not national. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 29.591831 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pow!/L.C.S.'
Pow/L.C.S. (stylized as PoW!/L.C.S.) is the second | Pow/L.C.S. (stylized as PoW!/L.C.S.) is the second extended play (EP) by Japanese–American female duo FEMM. It was released on February 3, 2016 by Avex Music Creative Inc. and February 23 that same year by Avex Music Creative and JPU Records. The EP is a follow-up companion to their debut album, Femm-Isation. FEMM worked with a few producers and writers such as Harry Sommerdahl, Alex Ridha, members of Invaderous & Sfpr, and others. Musically, Pow/L.C.S. is an electronic dance music EP with numerous musical elements including rap, R&B, and remix material. Originally to be released as a stand-alone EP, it was instead released in four formats; an stand alone CD, a digital release (not including the remixes), and two double album formats with Femm-Isation. The artwork for Pow/L.C.S. has FEMM on set of their music video "PoW!". The material from Pow/L.C.S. received generally positive reviews from music critics. Many critics commended the album's commercial appeal, the clever lyric delivery, and the overall production and composition. The EP, alongside its accompanying singles and FEMM's visual imagery, achieved further attention through Asian and Western media. Two promotional singles were released from the album. The lead promotional single, "Pow!", was positively received from fans and critics alike, despite the lack of commercial achievement; This also attributed to the following single, "L.C.S.". | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.777897 | [
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The Web Planet is the fifth serial | The Web Planet is the fifth serial of the second season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Written by Bill Strutton and directed by Richard Martin, the serial was broadcast on BBC1 in six weekly parts from 13 February to 20 March 1965. In the serial, the First Doctor (William Hartnell) and his travelling companions Ian Chesterton (William Russell), Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill), and Vicki (Maureen O'Brien) ally themselves with the Menoptra, the former inhabitants of the planet Vortis, as they struggle to win back the planet from the malignant Animus (Catherine Fleming) and its Zarbi slaves. When crafting an idea for the serial, Strutton recalled a memory as a child of watching two bull ants fighting, which he linked with his two sons fighting each other. Story editor Dennis Spooner found the narrative to be multilayered, with the Menoptra representing free enterprise and the Zarbi communism. Martin hired a mime artist to develop choreography for the serial, and forewent a traditional score in favour of prerecorded stock music. The Web Planet premiered with 13.5 million viewers, the highest in the series to date; it maintained high viewership across the six weeks. Reviews were mixed, with praise directed at its choreography and action, and criticism towards its costumes and confusing story; retrospective reviews applauded the serial's ambition despite its outdated visuals. The Web Planet was later novelised and released on VHS and DVD. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.990242 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dharambir Singh'
Dharambir Singh (born December 10, 1990) is | Dharambir Singh (born December 10, 1990) is an Indian male sprinter. In July 2016, he set a new national record for India when he won the 200 metres race at the Indian Grand Prix in Bengaluru.
His time of 20.45 seconds was under the 20.50 seconds qualifying threshold for the 200 metres race in the 2016 Summer Olympics. He became the first competitor for India to qualify for the 200 metres at the Olympics in 36 years. However, on 2 August 2016 Singh failed to board his flight to Rio de Janeiro, and was reported to have failed a drug test. The following day India's National Anti-Doping Agency announced that an unnamed athlete had failed a drug test.
This would be Singh's second doping offence, and he was stripped of his 2012 National Inter-state gold medal because of not going to a compulsory drug test and also handed an eight-year ban. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.94744 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Patrick Develtere'
Patrick Develtere (born August 26, 1961 in | Patrick Develtere (born August 26, 1961 in Roeselare, Belgium) is Professor at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Leuven (KU Leuven). From 2017 until the beginning of 2020 he was a principal adviser for European Social Policy at the European Political Strategy Centre (EPSC), the in-house think tank of the European Commission. Before joining the EPSC in 2017 he was the president of , (formerly ACW) the Belgian Christian Workers’ movement. Biography
Patrick Develtere got his PhD in Social Sciences in 1994 at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven) with his thesis Co-operation and Development. Develtere teaches international development co-operation at the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Leuven. From 2010 until 2017 he was the president of ACW, now Beweging.net. Beweging.net, also known as the Christian Workers' Movement. Prior to this he was the director of the (HIVA). This institute is a partnership between the University of Leuven and Beweging.net. He has also been secretary general of , the NGO of beweging.net. During many years he was the editor in chief of the , the monthly magazine of beweging.net. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.89642 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Acacia cracentis'
Acacia cracentis is a shrub belonging to | Acacia cracentis is a shrub belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is native to an area in the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia.
In its natural environment, Acacia cracentis grows on sandy soils. It is a hardy plant that can withstand harsh conditions, such as drought and fire. The plant produces yellow flowers in late winter or early spring. The fruit of the Acacia cracentis is a blackberry-like fruit that is eaten by various animals, such as the feral cat, cane rat, and python. | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.430929 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'John Hathorn Hall'
Sir John Hathorn Hall (19 June | Sir John Hathorn Hall (19 June 189417 June 1979) was a British colonial administrator.
During World War I, he served with the 8th Royal Munster Fusiliers and the 27th Infantry Brigade, rising to the rank of captain, and was awarded the Military Cross as well as the Belgian Croix de Guerre. He worked in the Ministry of Finance of the Egyptian Civil Service (Egypt then being a British protectorate) in 1919–1920. Subsequently he served in the Middle East Department of the Colonial Office and was awarded an OBE in the New Year Honours List of 1931. In 1933 he was appointed Chief Secretary to the Government of Palestine (then a British Mandate under the League of Nations). On at least two occasions, in 1934 and in 1937, he served as Officer Administering the Government of Palestine during absences of the High Commissioner for Palestine. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.407068 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Credit conversion factor'
The credit conversion factor (CCF) is a | The credit conversion factor (CCF) is a coefficient in the field of credit rating. It is the ratio between the additional amount of a loan used in the future and the amount that could be claimed. Background
The key variables for (credit) risk assessment are the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD). The credit conversion factor calculates the amount of a free credit line and other off-balance-sheet transactions (with the exception of derivatives) to an EAD amount and is an integral part in the European banking regulation since the Basel II accords. In an off-balance-sheet product, the bank is obligated to provide the money to the debtor once the need arises. To calculate the amount of money lost in the case of a default, it is common practice to weight the amount of future obligations with those which could in principle be drawn. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.952156 | [
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Self Employed, but not required to pay estimated taxes? | The annualized method allows you to take a look at each quarter independently and pay the tax in the quarter that you earned it. -- According to Linda Durand, a certified public accountant with Drolet & Associates PLLC in Washington, D. C., from the Bankrate article "Paying quarterly estimated taxes" And after paying annualized quarterly estimates, you can still owe up to $1000 at tax time without penalty. | hc3-finance | 0 | 45.198246 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Vercors'
The Battle of Vercors in July and | The Battle of Vercors in July and August 1944 was between a rural group of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) (maquis) and the armed forces of Nazi Germany which had occupied France since 1940 in World War II. The maquis used the prominent scenic plateau known as the Massif du Vercors (Vercors Plateau) as a refuge. Initially, the maquis carried out only sabotage and partisan operations against the Germans. However, after the Normandy Invasion of 6 June 1944, the leadership of an army of about 4,000 maquis declared the Free Republic of Vercors and attempted to create a conventional army to oppose the German occupation. The allies supported the maquis with parachute drops of weapons and by supplying teams of advisors and trainers, but the uprising was premature. In July 1944, as many as 10,000 German soldiers invaded the massif and killed more than 600 of the maquis, known as maquisards, and 200 civilians. It was Germany's largest anti-partisan operation in Western Europe during World War II. In August 1944, shortly after the battle for the Vercors, the area was liberated from German control by the American Army allied with the FFI. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.883986 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lee Tracy House'
The Lee Tracy House is a historic | The Lee Tracy House is a historic house on United States Route 7 in the village center of Shelburne, Vermont. Built in 1875, it is one of a small number of brick houses built in the town in the late 19th century, and is architecturally a distinctive vernacular blend of Gothic and Italianate styles. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Description and history
The Lee Tracy House stands near the center of Shelburne village, on the west side US 7 a short way north of its junction with Harbor Road. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a side gable roof. The roof is steeply pitched in the Gothic style, and has a front-facing central gable. The front facade is three bays wide, with a single-story porch extending around the south side to a polygonal bay. On the ground floor, only the outer bays have windows, both elongated sash. On the second floor, the windows are set in segmented-arch openings, with stone sills and headers; the central bay is larger, with a pair of windows in the opening. The main entrance is on the north side of the house, set under a separate porch, featuring the same elaborate woodwork found on that facing the road. A contemporary two-story ell extends to the rear of the main block, and the property also includes a period carriage barn. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.761581 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'R.J. Zwi Werblowsky'
Raphael Judah (R.J.) Zwi Werblowsky (; 1924, | Raphael Judah (R.J.) Zwi Werblowsky (; 1924, Warsaw – 2001, Jerusalem) was a Polish-born Israeli artist, philosopher, and art historian. He is considered one of the pioneers of Israeli contemporary art.
Werblowsky was born in 1924 in Warsaw, Poland to a Jewish family. He studied art at the Warsaw Academy of Art from 1947 to 1951, before moving to Israel in 1951. He taught at the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design from 1966 to 1982, and served as its rector from 1978 to 1982. Werblowsky also served as director of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art from 1978 to 1981 and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Tel Aviv from 1982 to 1984. He died in 2001 in Jerusalem.
Werblowsky's work is characterised by its philosophical underpinnings and its focus on the relationship between art and society. His paintings and sculptures are often inspired by Eastern philosophy and symbols, and he has been described as "the father of Israeli contemporary art". His most famous works include "The Last Supper" (1967), "The Immaculate Conception" (1971), "Untitled" (1972), and "Gateway to Jerusalem" (1979). | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.669182 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Greater Dhaka'
Greater Dhaka is the conurbation surrounding the | Greater Dhaka is the conurbation surrounding the Bangladeshi capital city of Dhaka, which has grown into one of the world's largest megacities, and shows a very rapid rate of expansion. Dhaka not only grows because it is the capital and largest urban center but also due to massive internal displacement from millions of people living in a perennially flood-prone river delta. Definition
The area of Dhaka Statistical Metropolitan Area was 1,353 square kilometers, of which Dhaka City Corporation occupied 276 square kilometers at the 2001 census. The Dhaka Statistical Metropolitan Area (SMA) covers the Dhaka Municipal Corporation area and Savar Upazila and Keraniganj Upazila of Dhaka District (note: only a portion of the district is part of the metropolitan area), Narayanganj Sadar Upazila, Bandar Upazila and Rupganj Upazila of Narayanganj District, Gazipur Sadar Upazila and Kaliakair Upazila of Gazipur District, and Narsingdi Sadar Upazila and Palash Upazila of Narsingdi District. New 2021 estimates for Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (web) tally just over 24 million for 4 districts in their entirety. (white area in map also includes 6 districts: Manikganj and Munshiganj) | wiki-intro | 0 | 22.316912 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Andrew Gonsalves'
Andrew Gonsalves (born 31 May 1978) is | Andrew Gonsalves (born 31 May 1978) is an Australian cricketer who has played for Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia and New South Wales. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler.
Gonsalves made his first-class debut for Tasmania in 1998–99, and made his List A debut for the state in the 1999–00 season. He played for Victoria from 2001–02 to 2003–04 before moving to Western Australia, where he played from 2004–05 to 2007–08. He then moved to New South Wales, where he played from 2008–09 to 2013–14. He has also appeared in one T20I for Australia in 2006. In 2009, Gonsalves was named the captain of Tasmania.
He made his Twenty20 International debut for Australia in 2006, and has since played six more Twenty20 Internationals, the last of which came in 2013. In total, Gonsalves has played 54 Twenty20 matches, scoring 1,089 runs at an average of 31.14 with a highest score of 101 not out. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.838107 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Shape of Despair'
Shape of Despair is a funeral doom | Shape of Despair is a funeral doom metal band from Finland. History
The band was founded in 1995 as Raven by Jarno Salomaa (guitars, later also keyboards), Tomi Ullgrén (bass, later also guitars) and Toni "Otso" Mäensivu (drums, later also vocals) as a faster, instrumental black metal influenced band following the footsteps of their contemporaries like Strid, Burzum, Darkthrone and Unholy. The trio soon realized that the music they played was not as good as they would have wanted, lacking the atmosphere and emotion of the bands that influenced them. During the summer of 1995 Raven recorded their rehearsals with a simple cassette recorder, capturing all the songs that later became the Alone In The Mist demo, for the first time on tape. After listening to the rehearsal tape and realizing they actually had something in their hands they could stand behind, Raven wanted to record the tracks in a proper studio. It took the band three years to do it. Raven entered Arkki-studio in early 1998. They still had not tried any vocals until the very last minute, when they decided they wanted to test how the songs would sound with Mäensivu's vocals and were surprised how well they actually fit.
The Alone In The Mist demo was not released until 2016, when the band thought it was the proper time to do it. They changed their name in September 1998 to Shape Of Despair. The decision to change the name came down to basically not wanting to be confused with the UK hard rock stalwarts Raven. They believed their new moniker fit their new sound better too. | wiki-intro | 0 | 27.733984 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Conway Savage'
Conway Victor Savage (27 July 1960 – | Conway Victor Savage (27 July 1960 – 2 September 2018) was an Australian rock musician. He was a member of Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds, providing piano, organ and backing vocals from 1990. From 1993, Savage had a solo career and released albums, Nothing Broken (2000), Wrong Man's Hands (2004) and Rare Songs & Performances 1989–2004. He also collaborated with other artists for their albums, such as Soon Will Be Tomorrow (with Suzie Higgie, 1998) and Quickie for Ducky (with Amanda Fox and Robert Tickner, 2007). Biography
Conway Victor Savage was born on 27 July 1960 and grew up in country Victoria where his parents were publicans. His brother, Frank Savage, is a part-time rock music cabaret singer and builder. His niece, Cash Savage, is the lead singer of the band Cash Savage and the Last Drinks. Savage began playing piano in his early teens in the dining room of one of the pubs his parents owned. He later recalled "I just really enjoyed it ... I could just sit down and play it and play it – it's a beautiful relaxation, until this day. But it wasn't like I was playing in the pub for nickels and dimes or anything. I was really embarrassed about it and I kept it pretty quiet". | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.255013 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ram Prasad Bismil'
Ram Prasad Bismil (11 June 1897 | Ram Prasad Bismil (11 June 1897 — 19 December 1927) was an Indian revolutionary who participated in the Mainpuri Conspiracy of 1918, and the Kakori Conspiracy of 1925, and fought against British rule in India. Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil was a freedom fighter who played an active role in India's freedom struggle. In memory of his contribution towards India's independence, June 11 is celebrated as his birth anniversary. He was known for being a part of the Manipuri conspiracy in 1918 and the Kakori incident inMalwinder Jit Singh Waraich 1925. The Kakori incident was one of the important events of Jung-e-Azadi. He also had a command of Urdu and the Hindi language, which made him a prominent revolutionary. He was also a multilingual translator and his famous poem Manipuri's Pratigya became very famous. Bismil was hanged on 19 December 1927 by the British for his revolutionary activities. As well as being a freedom fighter, he was a patriotic poet and wrote in Hindi and Urdu using the pen names Ram, Agyat and Bismil. But, he became popular with the last name "Bismil" only. He was associated with Arya Samaj where he got inspiration from Satyarth Prakash, a book written by Swami Dayanand Saraswati. He also had a confidential connection with Lala Har Dayal through his guru Swami Somdev, a preacher of Arya Samaj. Bismil was one of the founding members of the revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Association. Bhagat Singh praised him as a great poet-writer of Urdu and Hindi, who had also translated the books Catherine from English and Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot from Bengali. Early life
Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 in a brahmin family. of Shahjahanpur district in erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He learned Hindi from his father at home and was sent to learn Urdu from a moulvi. He was admitted to an English-language school, despite his father's disapproval, and also joined the Arya Samaj in Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a talent for writing patriotic poetry. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.937967 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Capo Spartivento Lighthouse'
Capo Spartivento Lighthouse is an active | Capo Spartivento Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located on Cape Spartivento promontory which is the southernmost point of Sardinia and represents the eastern boundary of the Gulf of Teulada and the western limit of the Gulf of Cagliari on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The structure is situated in the municipality of Domus de Maria. Description
The lighthouse was built in 1866 and consists of a masonry cylindrical tower, high, with balcony and lantern rising from a 2-storey keeper's house. The building, painted in red with white trim, was in poor condition and was restored in 2006 and transformed into a luxury resort, with four suites and swimming pool, as the adjacent building. The tower is painted white and the lantern, which mounts a Type OR T3 optics with a Focal length of 125mm, in grey metallic. The light is positioned at above sea level and emits two white flashes in a 10 seconds period visible up to a distance of . The lighthouse is completely automated and managed by the Marina Militare with the identification code number 1310 E.F. | wiki-intro | 0 | 50.414257 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'AP-1 transcription factor'
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a | Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. AP-1 interacts with a number of transcription factors to regulate the transcription of specific genes.
AP-1 was first identified in a study of the transformation of human leukemia cells by Epstein-Barr virus. In this study, it was found that the Epstein-Barr virus activated the transcription of certain genes, including the gene for the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. The study showed that AP-1 played an important role in the activation of this gene.
Since its discovery, AP-1 has been shown to play an important role in a variety of diseases and processes. For example, it has been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer, as well as in the activation of inflammatory responses. Additionally, AP-1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cellular responses to stress and injury. Consequently, it is likely that AP-1 plays an important role in a wide variety of processes and diseases. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.649554 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Alabama Republican Party'
The Alabama Republican Party is the state | The Alabama Republican Party is the state branch of the United States Republican Party. The Alabama Republican Party headquarters is located in Montgomery, Alabama.
The modern Alabama Republican Party dates to 1872, when the state's first Republican organization was formed. The party has played a prominent role in state politics, particularly during the years since the 1960s, when it has been a dominant force in both the Alabama State Senate and the Alabama House of Representatives.
The Alabama Republican Party has also been influential in national Republican politics. In 1964, George Wallace won his third term as Governor of Alabama by running as a segregationist and anti-war candidate on a platform that included strong support for the Alabama Republican Party. In 1976, Richard Nixon won the presidential election by carrying Alabama by a wide margin, largely due to Nixon's strong support in the state from the Alabama Republican Party. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.436832 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rum River Conference'
The Rum River Conference was a high | The Rum River Conference was a high school athletics conference in central Minnesota. It was named after the Rum River, which flows through the region. The conference can be confirmed to have existed as early as 1945, and is rumored to have formed in the 1930s. The conference disbanded following the 2006-07 school year. Mora High School and Milaca High School were among the original members, and both were with the conference through its final season. Foley High School was a member from 1969 to 2007, having joined from the West Central Conference. Foley, Mora, and Milaca all were placed in the West Central Conference following the break-up of the Rum River. Pine City High School departed for the Great River Conference. Zimmerman High School was the final member school for the conference's final season. North Branch Area High School and Chisago Lakes High School departed for the North Suburban Conference for the 2004-05 school year. Other previous conference members included Cambridge-Isanti High School, Elk River High School (Zimmerman took Elk River's place when the district split into three high schools, of which Zimmerman was one), Princeton High School, Braham Area High School, and Ogilvie High School. Sauk Rapids High School left the conference in 2001. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.692968 | [
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