prompt
string | text
string | source
string | label
int64 | perplexity
float64 | input_ids
sequence | attention_mask
sequence |
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'BICC'
BICC is an abbreviation or acronym with | BICC is an abbreviation or acronym with multiple meanings, most notably the Business Interaction Cycle.
BICC is an abbreviation or acronym with multiple meanings, most notably the Business Interaction Cycle. The first meaning is the cycle of business transactions, which usually includes four phases: planning, executing, monitoring and correcting. The second meaning is a model for improving business performance. It focuses on four key areas: communication, cooperation, coordination and control. The third meaning is a type of bank note. The fourth meaning is a computer networking standard that uses the Bucharest Internet Control Message Protocol. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.769047 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wang Chongrong'
Wang Chongrong (王重榮) (died July 6, 887), | Wang Chongrong (王重榮) (died July 6, 887), formally the Prince of Langye (瑯琊王), was a warlord of the late Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who controlled Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi). He was instrumental in Tang's eventual defeat of the agrarian rebel Huang Chao, but at times had an adversarial relationship with the court of Emperor Xizong and the powerful eunuch Tian Lingzi. Background
It is not known when Wang Chongrong was born, and the official histories differ as to where his family was from—according to the Old Book of Tang, Hezhong Municipality (河中, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), and according to the New Book of Tang, Taiyuan Municipality. His father Wang Zong (王縱) was a successful military officer who reached the position of prefect of Yan Prefecture (鹽州, in modern Yulin, Shaanxi). Because of his father's contributions, both Wang Chongrong and his older brother Wang Chongying served in the military as well, and both were known for their fierce fighting ability. Wang Chongrong had at least one other older brother, Wang Chongjian (王重簡). | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.016062 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ophiocordyceps robertsii'
Ophiocordyceps robertsii, known in New Zealand as | Ophiocordyceps robertsii, known in New Zealand as vegetable caterpillar (Māori: āwhato or āwheto) is an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It invades the caterpillars of leaf-litter dwelling moths and turns them into fungal mummies, sending up a fruiting spike above the forest floor to shed its spores. Caterpillars eat the spores whilst feeding on leaf litter to complete the fungal life cycle. Evidence of this fungus can be seen when small brown stems push through the forest floor: underneath will be the dried remains of the host caterpillar. This species was first thought by Europeans to be a worm or caterpillar that burrowed from the top of a tree to the roots, where it exited and then grew a shoot of the plant out of its head. It was the first fungus named in New Zealand. Uses
The parasitised caterpillar has been used by Māori as a food or ink for traditional tā moko tattoos. The charred caterpillars were mixed with fat to make a rich dark ink. Scientists suggest that the fungus produces antiseptic chemicals that can prevent infection. In the early 20th century, mummified caterpillars were sold to tourists as a curio. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.277374 | [
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In communist countries like China, how do some people get rich and become millionaires? I always thought that the whole communist idea was that everyone was equal and all wealth is shared, but there seems to be a big class system and wealth range. Explain like I' m five. | China is not really a communist country anymore. They are a hybrid. Their political system is a single-party state with a dominant communist party. Their economic system is a weird mix of state-owned enterprises (communist) and "Special Economic Zones" which are pure capitalist. Actually, modern day China is far more capitalistic than the USA is. That is why there is an increasing gap between rich and poor in China. During the rule of Mao Zedong (1949-1976), China had the classic Stalinist socialist economic structure. Security for the people was known as the "iron rice bowl". This included the right and duty of employment, housing and medical care. Private enterprise was for the most part not tolerated, but in times of crisis it was tolerated-- like after the Great Famine of 1959. The Maoist Cultural Revolution put a stop to any private enterprise from 1966 to 1976. The shift to the "free" market economy began in China after the 1978 reforms. Bit by bit the iron rice bowl security net was dismantled. China is not communist as Lokiorin mentioned. But many would argue that China was never communist at all to begin with. They are "communist" in name only, and really Mao Zedong took power under the guise of communism. China is ruled by a one-party government which has labelled itself as communist, but in practice that party doesn't behave like a communist government. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 19.767866 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Edmund Fawcett'
Edmund Fawcett (born 31 May 1946) is | Edmund Fawcett (born 31 May 1946) is an English explorer, author, and filmmaker. He is known for his explorations of the Amazon rainforest and his discovery of the Fawcett Trail, a route that led to eventual discovery of the Lost City of Z.
Edmund Fawcett was born on 31 May 1946 in Colchester, Essex, England. He is the son of Ethel and Major John Fawcett. His father was an officer in the British Army and later worked as a civil servant.
Fawcett attended Tonbridge School and then read history at Magdalen College, Oxford. After graduating in 1968, he travelled through India and Southeast Asia. He then travelled to Bolivia, where he met Glenys Jones and Mario Sepulveda. The three men decided to explore the Amazon rainforest together.
In 1970, Fawcett, Jones, and Sepulveda reached the Amazon city of Iquitos. They were the first Europeans to reach the city. Fawcett spent two months exploring Iquitos before returning to Bolivia. He continued exploring the jungle for another two years before he was forced to return home due to illness.
Fawcett wrote about his experiences in The Lost City of Z: A Search for Tomorrow (1973). The book was based on his exploration of the lost city of Z and was praised by archaeologists for its accuracy. Fawcett later made a documentary film about his expedition, The Lost City of Z (1980).
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Papa Benji'
Papa Benji is a comedy web series | Papa Benji is a comedy web series created by and starring comedian, actor and writer Andrew Santino. The series, which is self-produced and released through his own independent production company, is set in the fictional town of West Egg in Long Island, New York.
The series follows the daily lives of Benji (Santino), his wife Lisa (Kaitlin Olson) and their two children. The show is primarily a mockumentary style sitcom, with Santino playing himself as the eccentric, lovable father who constantly clashes with his wife and children, but ultimately loves them very much. | wiki-intro | 1 | 12.270885 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Banknotes of Scotland'
Banknotes of Scotland are the banknotes of | Banknotes of Scotland are the banknotes of the Scottish Government. They are issued by the Bank of Scotland, a commercial bank based in Edinburgh.
The Bank of Scotland has been issuing banknotes in Scotland since 1727. The first Scottish banknotes were issued in denominations of £1, £2, £5 and £10. In 1826, the Bank of Scotland introduced notes in denominations of 20 £c. and 50 £c. In 1875, the Bank of Scotland introduced notes in denominations of 100 £c., 200 £c., 500 £c. and 1000 £c. In 1953, the Bank of Scotland issued notes in denominations of 1000 £s. and 5000 £s. In 1969, the Bank of Scotland introduced notes in denominations of 10, 20, 50 and 100 pence. The current series of banknotes is the Scottish polymer note series, which was introduced in 2002. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.874459 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Athamanthia'
Athamanthia is an Eastern Palearctic genus of | Athamanthia is an Eastern Palearctic genus of skippers, containing the following species:
Athamanthia annulipes
Athamanthia bicolor
Athamanthia dorsalis
Athamanthia polymorpha
Athamanthia viridigaster
All of these skippers are small, with a wingspan of about 2.5 cm. They have a black body and wings, with yellow or green markings on the wings. They fly in spring and summer, feeding on nectar and insects. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.60222 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Cat Power'
Charlyn Marie "Chan" Marshall ( ; | Charlyn Marie "Chan" Marshall ( ; born February 8, 1972) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and actress. She released her debut album, The Greatest, in 2001. After a few independent releases, Marshall signed to 4AD in 2004 and released her second album, The Hardest Part, in 2006. Her third album, The Greatest Hits (2007), was released to critical acclaim and included her first US number-one single, "What Would You Do?", which was written for the film 50/50. Marshall's fourth album, Wandering Star (2010), was also well received critically and included the hit single "The Greatest". In 2013, she released her fifth album The EP: Part One.
Marshall has toured extensively throughout North America and Europe since the release of Wandering Star and has appeared at a number of major music festivals including Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival (2009), Glastonbury Festival (2011), Lollapalooza (2011), Austin City Limits Music Festival (2012), Primavera Sound (2012), and Reading & Leeds Festivals (both 2013). She has also performed at the Beijing Summer Olympics closing ceremony in 2013. In 2014 she embarked on a world tour in support of her sixth album The EP: Part Two which was released in November that year. In 2018 she announced her seventh album will be titled 'Honeymoon' and will be released later that year. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.756364 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nested wells'
Nested wells, also referred to as nested | Nested wells, also referred to as nested monitoring wells, are composed of multiple tubes or pipes, typically terminating with short screened intervals (2–3 ft), installed in single boreholes. Sand packs must be installed at the screen depths and seals in the borehole are constructed between the sand packs. Nested wells are different from well clusters in that the latter consists of a cluster of wells where tubes or pipes are constructed in separate, individual boreholes that are drilled and completed at different depths. When constructing nested wells, attention must be paid to ensure the proper placement of sand in the screened intervals and bentonite between monitored intervals, by measuring the depth of the sand or bentonite frequently as the materials are being placed. However, if the seals are placed to the exact depths specified in the well design, riser casings that are touching due to de-centralization in the borehole inhibits seal placement between the risers and can allow for vertical movement of groundwater within the borehole between different monitoring zones. The likelihood of vertical leakage through the bentonite seals of a nested well increases with the number of separate casings within the borehole, or when only a small thickness of annular seal exists between the various monitored zones. | wiki-intro | 0 | 40.428902 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Damir Siraciev'
Damir Siraciev (, Damir Siraziev, born | Damir Siraciev (, Damir Siraziev, born 12 February 1984) is a Macedonian footballer who currently plays for FK Vardar. He also holds Turkish citizenship.
Siraciev started his career in his hometown club FK Metalurg Skopje, before moving to Turkish side Bursaspor in 2005. After two seasons at the club, he moved to Greek side AEK Athens, where he played for two seasons. In July 2009, Siraciev transferred to Bulgarian side Ludogorets Razgrad. He helped Ludogorets win the Bulgarian Cup in his first season with the club, and also made twelve appearances in Bulgaria's First League. He then moved to Romanian side FC Steaua București on a three-year contract in July 2011. Siraciev made his debut for Steaua on 10 August 2011 in a 1–0 away victory over ACS Poli Timișoara.
Siraciev was part of the Macedonian national team that competed at the 2006 FIFA World Cup and the 2007 UEFA European Championship. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.477709 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lake Dukan'
Lake Dukan (or Lake Dokan) (Arabic:بحيرة دوكان) | Lake Dukan (or Lake Dokan) (Arabic:بحيرة دوكان) is a salt lake located in the Jabal Dukan mountain range, east of the city of Homs, in central Syria. With an area of , it is the second-largest lake in Syria after the Barada lake.
The lake is fed by the Dukan River, a tributary of the Orontes River. It is a popular tourist destination, with boating, fishing and bathing being popular activities. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.724669 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jerzy Eisler'
Jerzy Krzysztof Eisler (born 12 June 1952 | Jerzy Krzysztof Eisler (born 12 June 1952 in Warsaw) is a Polish historian, focusing mostly on the history of Poland during the communist era. He is a professor at the History Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and member of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. In 1994-97 he was a principal of Adam Mickiewicz Polish school in Paris. Eisler gained a title of professor in 2002 and was awarded the Silver Cross of Merit medal in 2006. Works
Od monarchizmu do faszyzmu. Koncepcje polityczno - społeczne prawicy francuskiej 1918 - 1940 (From Monarchism to Fascism. Sociopolitical Conceptions of the French Right 1918-1940) (1987)
Kolaboracja we Francji 1940 - 1944 (Collaboration in France 1940-1944) (1989)
Marzec 1968. Geneza - przebieg - konsekwencje (1991)
Zarys dziejów politycznych Polski 1944 - 1989 (1992)
List 34 (Letter 34) (1993)
Grudzień 1970. Geneza - przebieg - konsekwencje (2000)
Polski rok 1968 (Polish Year 1968) (2006)
"Polskie miesiące" czyli kryzys(y) w PRL (2008) | wiki-intro | 0 | 67.423126 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Steve Chen (politician)'
Steve Chen (; born 15 June 1948) | Steve Chen (; born 15 June 1948) is a Taiwanese politician. Career
Chen began his career at the Minister of Economic Affairs in 1973, with the Bureau of Foreign Trade upon graduation from National Chung Hsing University, where he had studied economics. As a deputy minister of economic affairs, Chen explored free trade agreements with Paraguay and the United States. He led negotiations with Nicaragua, which began in 2004 and continued until signing of an FTA in June 2006. Chen was named Minister of Economic Affairs in August 2006, and aided by deputy ministers Shih Yen-shiang, Hou Ho-shong, and Hsieh Fa-dah. Chen took office on 9 August and shortly thereafter commented on Cross-Strait economic ties, stating that moving manufacturing lines to China and other countries was not a bad thing, as long as research, development and design were based in Taiwan. As head of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Chen continued to sign free trade agreements with Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.130646 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Philip Henry Savage'
Philip Henry Savage (February 11, 1868 – | Philip Henry Savage (February 11, 1868 – September 5, 1945) was an American zoologist and academic who served as the eighth president of Dartmouth College from 1910 to 1922.
Savage was born in Mount Holly, New Jersey, on February 11, 1868. He received his bachelor's degree from Yale University in 1891 and his doctorate from Columbia University in 1895. Savage became an instructor at Dartmouth in 1896 and became a full professor there in 1905. He served as the college's president from 1910 to 1922. Savage was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Philosophical Society, and the Zoological Society of London. He died on September 5, 1945. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.387865 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Mk 13 rifle'
The MK 13 rifle is made using | The MK 13 rifle is made using the Accuracy International Chassis System (AICS) version 2.0 mated to a long action Remington 700 receiver. The AICS 2.0 folding stock reduces the rifle's overall length by when folded and adds to the rifle's total weight. The rifle has a cheek-piece design that adjusts sideways and for height for optimal cheek position when using night vision equipment or telescopic sights with large objective lenses. There is also a quick-adjust cheek-piece option that has a spring-loaded cheek-piece in conjunction with a quick-adjust butt plate. The side panels are made from a high-strength polymer and are available in the colors olive drab, dark earth or black. Sling attachment points are mounted on each side of the rifle, so it can be carried flat against the back and used comfortably by left- and right-handed users. A front attachment point is situated below the fore-end and can be used to anchor a target-style sling or replaced by an adapter for a Harris bipod. Mk 13 Mod 5
The United States Special Operations Command uses the MK 13 Mod 5 rifle chambered in .300 Winchester Magnum. The Mk 13 Mod 5 utilizes the "long-action" bolt of the Remington 700/M24 receiver and has a precision barrel that can be fitted with the suppressor of the Mk 11. It has a 3-sided Modular Accessory Rail System (MARS) for mounting optics on top and Picatinny rail accessories on each side, and a folding bipod. The Mk 13 was to be gradually replaced by the Mk 21 Precision Sniper Rifle in US Army use. However, the MK21 was then decided that it did not conform to SOCOM requirements at the time in 2018, and the program was re-competed with the Barrett MRAD selected in 2019 as the Mk 22 Advanced Sniper Rifle. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.351328 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Whiggism'
Whiggism (in North America sometimes spelled Whigism) | Whiggism (in North America sometimes spelled Whigism) is a term used in United States political discourse to describe the view that the American Revolution was a successful, morally justified, and necessary revolution.
The term is often used pejoratively to refer to supporters of the Revolution who believe that it was a necessary step in establishing the United States as a democratic republic. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.747149 | [
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How does a company benefit from offering tuition reimbursement? There has to be something in it for them. Explain like I' m five. | In theory, it provides them with more educated, qualified employees. In practice, it's a benefit that has more value to employees than the cost to the company. Educational benefits tend to be highly valued by potential (or current) employees because they imagine themselves using them to further their education. However, very few employees actually end up using them, so the company rarely has to shell out much. There are a number of benefits: 1) Better educated/trained employees are more productive 2) Offing such a program draws more/better quality candidates to openings 3) It gives them captive access to high demand skills, often below market rate-- companies almost always have requirements that workers stay with company for a certain amount of time after getting a degree. So the company basically knows that they have you locked up for 2-3 years, and any pay bump they may give for your new skills/degree are often less than if you were to search for a job on the open market. Say you spend 3 years getting an MBA. Maybe average pay is $125k for your classmates, but your company only bumps you up from $80k to $100k. And they know you have to stay for 3 years at that lower pay. Most directly, it's a benefit they can offer to potential employees, possibly attracting a better quality of employee than they might otherwise offer. There's also the possibility that employees with further education will be better employees for the company, without the company needing to offer that training. How strong a benefit that is for the company may vary, but the rule of thumb is that all education is a benefit. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 24.843407 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jaqueline Jesus'
Jaqueline Gomes de Jesus (born March 7, | Jaqueline Gomes de Jesus (born March 7, 1978) is a Brazilian psychologist, writer, and LGBT activist. Biography
Jesus is the daughter of a computer operator and a mining science teacher. She has a sibling, a younger brother. Jesus lived most of her life in Ceilândia. A good student, she studied chemistry, for a year before switching majors. She holds an M.Sc. in Psychology from the University of Brasília, and a PhD in Social Psychology, Work and Organisations from the same institution. She worked at the University of Brasília from 2003-2008 as a diversity adviser and also coordinated a center for black students. She was one of the organizers of Brasilia's Pride parade, and participated in the development of Brazil's goals for the UN's Millennium Dome. Jesus has proactively addressed discriminatory actions, refusing to accept passive prejudice. She began her human rights activism in 1997, with "Estructuración", a Brasilia homosexual group, serving first as secretary and in 1999, became president. In that period, she worked alongside government and educational institutions, in fighting prejudice and valuing differences, speaking at the opening of the 5th National Conference on Human Rights. Jesus participated in various social movements. In 2000, with Luiz Mott, she co-founded the Academic Association of Gays, Lesbians and Sympathizers of Brazil, serving as general secretary. She was appointed to the editorial board of the Grupo Gay Negro de Bahia; and founded the NGO Acciones Ciudades en Orientación sexual. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.45948 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jardín (album)'
Jardín is the debut studio album by | Jardín is the debut studio album by singer Gabriel Garzón-Montano. It was released on January 27, 2017 by Stones Throw Records. The album was supported by three singles: "Sour Mango", "The Game", and "Crawl". The album was fully produced, arranged, composed and performed by the multi-instrumentalist and vocalist. Critical reception
Jardín received a positive critical reception. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 81, based on seven reviews. Q noted that "what really elevates the songs though, is the underlying weave of Latin-influenced percussion and subtle string arrangements which draw deftly on Garzon-Montano's French-Colombian roots". Elias Leight of Pitchfork said that "Montano settles on an unusual and fertile combination of sounds, knitting together the burnished, languorous acts of the late '60s and early '70s—the Association, Todd Rundgren—with lean, hair-trigger grooves. The result is heavy on pearly funk and pop, live instrumentation and harmony... Similarly heaped vocal passages, teeming with good ideas, are everywhere on the second half of Jardín. Montano especially enjoys contrasting blocky, beeline melodies from A to B with more scenic paths, as if to gently chide ruthless, shortest-route-best-route songwriters." | wiki-intro | 0 | 45.627831 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jaleel Johnson'
Jaleel Johnson (born July 12, 1994) is | Jaleel Johnson (born July 12, 1994) is an American football cornerback for the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Brigham Young University (BYU).
Johnson was drafted by the Houston Texans in the third round of the 2016 NFL Draft. He has also been a member of the Indianapolis Colts, Miami Dolphins, and Baltimore Ravens.
Johnson was born in Provo, Utah, to parents Kerrie and Jeremy Johnson. He has two siblings, a sister named Sydnee and a brother named Michael. Johnson attended West Jordan High School in West Jordan, Utah. As a senior in 2011, he had 58 tackles, four interceptions, and nine pass breakups. Johnson also played basketball and wrestled in high school.
Johnson played college football at Brigham Young University (BYU). As a junior in 2013, he had 51 tackles and two interceptions. As a senior in 2014, he had 78 tackles and one interception. Johnson was suspended for BYU's bowl game against North Texas because of an NCAA rule that prohibited players from participating in postseason play if they had received financial assistance from a team or agent during their collegiate career.
Johnson was drafted by the Houston Texans in the third round of the 2016 NFL Draft. He made his NFL debut on October 8, 2016 against the Jacksonville Jaguars and recorded one tackle. Johnson started all 16 games for Houston in his rookie season and recorded 68 tackles, one sack, two interceptions, and three passes defensed. In 2017, he started all 16 games for | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.832735 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Built-up gun'
A built-up gun is artillery with a | A built-up gun is artillery with a specially reinforced barrel. An inner tube of metal stretches within its elastic limit under the pressure of confined powder gases to transmit stress to outer cylinders that are under tension. Concentric metal cylinders or wire windings are assembled to minimize the weight required to resist the pressure of powder gases pushing a projectile out of the barrel. Built-up construction was the norm for guns mounted aboard 20th century Dreadnoughts and contemporary railway guns, coastal artillery, and siege guns through World War II. Background
Velocity and range of artillery vary directly with pressure of gunpowder or smokeless powder gases pushing the shell out of a gun barrel. A gun will deform (or explode) if chamber pressures strain the barrel beyond the elastic limit of the metal from which it is made. Thickness of homogeneous cast metal gun barrels reached a useful limit at approximately one-half caliber. Additional thickness provided little practical benefit, since higher pressures generated cracks from the bore before the outer portion of the cylinder could respond, and those cracks would extend outward during subsequent firings. | wiki-intro | 0 | 50.731491 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sadiq al-Ahmar'
Sheikh Sadiq bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin | Sheikh Sadiq bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ali al-Ahmar is a Yemeni politician and the current Minister of Industry and Trade since February 2016. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister of Yemen from March 2015 to February 2016.
Sheikh Sadiq is a member of the Houthi Movement, and was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in March 2015. Previously, he was Minister of Social Affairs from 2007 to 2009 and Minister of Labour from 2009 to 2015. He also served as the Governor of Ibb from 1997 to 2007. | wiki-intro | 1 | 10.712061 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Babe Hole'
Ervin L. Hole, nicknamed Babe, also called | Ervin L. Hole, nicknamed Babe, also called "The Hole" (born September 25, 1931, in Lubbock, Texas) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour from 1952 to 1968.
Hole was known as one of the most consistent golfers of his era, and won more than 60 tournaments, including three major championships. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1984.
Babe Hole was born in Lubbock, Texas on September 25, 1931 to Ervin and Thelma Hole. He attended college at Southern Methodist University and turned pro in 1952. He joined the PGA Tour in 1953 and had immediate success, winning four times that year. He also won five events in 1954 and 1955. Hole continued to win regularly through the 1960s, including five times in 1962 alone. His most successful season was 1967, when he won 19 tournaments and became the first player to win both the Masters Tournament and the U.S. Open in the same year. Hole retired from professional golf after the 1968 PGA Championship, having won 62 tournaments on the tour.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Charles Thurstan Shaw'
Chief Charles Thurstan Shaw CBE FBA FSA | Chief Charles Thurstan Shaw CBE FBA FSA (27 June 1914 – 8 March 2013) was an English archaeologist, the first trained specialist to work in what was then British West Africa. He specialized in the ancient cultures of present-day Ghana and Nigeria. He helped establish academic institutions, including the Ghana National Museum and the archaeology department at the University of Ghana. He began working with the University of Ibadan in 1960, where he later founded and developed its archaeology department. He led this for more than 10 years before his retirement in 1974. Shaw's excavations at Igbo-Ukwu, Nigeria revealed a 9th-century indigenous culture that created sophisticated work in bronze metalworking, independent of any Arab or European influence and centuries before other sites that were better known at the time of discovery. He was awarded the C.B.E. in 1972 for his contributions. In 1989, he was made a tribal chief in Nigeria. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.475237 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Felsted Records'
Felsted Records was the name of two | Felsted Records was the name of two record labels. The UK version began as a subsidiary of Decca Records in July 1954 with music mainly in the jazz and dance band genres and recordings leased from the French Blue Star, Riviera, and Classique labels. The label took its name from the village where Sir Edward Lewis, the head of UK Decca, lived. The British label's only release of note was "Smokie", the first single by Bill Black's Combo, Black having been Elvis Presley's bassist, licensed from Hi Records. Late in 1957, Felsted Records US opened, operating from London Records' office in New York and was marketed as a pop label. Releases included Kathy Linden's "Billy" and "Goodbye Jimmy, Goodbye"; Jimmy Wisner's 1961 instrumental "Asia Minor", credited to "Kokomo, his Piano and Orchestra" on the London label in the UK; and The Flares' 1961 release "Foot Stompin' Part 1", which reached No. 20 on the Black Singles chart and No. 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 | wiki-intro | 0 | 48.41534 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lise Tréhot'
Lise Tréhot (14 March 1848 – 12 | Lise Tréhot (14 March 1848 – 12 March 1922) was a French art model who posed for artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir from 1866 until 1872, during his early Salon period. She appeared in more than twenty paintings, including notable works such as Lise (1867) and In Summer (1868), and she was the model for almost all of Renoir's work featuring female figures at this time. Tréhot married Georges Brière de l'Isle in 1883 and raised four children to whom she bequeathed two of Renoir's paintings, Lise Sewing (1867–68) and Lise in a White Shawl (1872), both of which are currently held by the Dallas Museum of Art. Early life
Lise Tréhot was born in Ecquevilly, Seine-et-Oise, France, on 14 March 1848, to Louis Tréhot and Amelie Elisabeth Boudin. Her father was the postmaster of the town until the mid-1850s, after which he moved the entire family to Paris where he sold lemonade and tobacco. She was the fourth in a family of six children, including three brothers and two sisters. A document from this time describes Tréhot's profession as a dressmaker. Clémence Tréhot, her older sister, was the lover of artist Jules Le Coeur, who later introduced her to Pierre-Auguste Renoir at his house in Marlotte, possibly in June 1865. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.701565 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ian Cheng'
Ian Cheng (born March 29, 1984) is | Ian Cheng (born March 29, 1984) is a Taiwanese singer, songwriter and actor. He is best known as the winner of the first season of the Taiwanese reality TV show I Am a Singer.
Ian Cheng was born in Taipei, Taiwan on March 29, 1984. He started his music career in 2002 by releasing his first album, which featured the singles "Kiss Me" and "I Believe in You". Cheng then competed in the first season of the Taiwanese reality TV show I Am a Singer, where he emerged as the winner. Following his victory, Cheng released his second album, which included the singles "Yesterday" and "Brand New Day". In 2006, Cheng starred in the Taiwanese film adaptation of the Hong Kong romantic comedy film Love Happens. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.298747 | [
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What is this lump above my adams apple? Hi my name is Kyle charley the age of 17. Now I was wondering if i could have cancer, there is a lump above my adams apple and it was notice by my girlfriend, i never knew it was there until then. | I'm sorry to hear about the lump you've discovered. It is not appropriate for me to diagnose or speculate on the cause of the lump as I am an artificial intelligence and do not have the ability to examine you or gather more information. It is important to have any new or unusual lumps or bumps checked by a healthcare professional as soon as possible. They will be able to examine the lump and provide you with a diagnosis and appropriate treatment, if necessary. It is important not to worry unnecessarily, as many lumps and bumps are benign (non-cancerous) and can be caused by a variety of factors such as infection, inflammation, or injury. However, it is always best to have any new or unusual lumps or bumps checked by a healthcare professional to determine the cause and ensure that you receive the proper care. | hc3-medicine | 1 | 7.924872 | [
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Why is it that the more expensive a restaurant is, the less food you get? Generally speaking... Please explain like I' m five. | There are a few reasons why you might get less food at a more expensive restaurant:
1. Higher quality ingredients: More expensive restaurants often use higher quality ingredients, which can be more expensive to source and prepare. As a result, the portion sizes may be smaller, but the food is generally considered to be of a higher quality.
2. Presentation: More expensive restaurants often put more effort into the presentation of their dishes, which can include adding more garnishes or making the food look more visually appealing. This can take up more space on the plate, leaving less room for the actual food.
3. Ambiance: More expensive restaurants often have a more upscale ambiance, which can include things like nicer decor, more attentive service, and a more relaxed atmosphere. These factors can contribute to the overall dining experience, which some people are willing to pay more for.
4. Profit margins: Like any business, restaurants need to make a profit in order to stay open. Higher prices can help to cover the costs of running the restaurant, including things like rent, utilities, and employee salaries. By charging more for their food, restaurants are able to make a profit while still offering high-quality ingredients and a pleasant dining experience.
Overall, the price of a meal at a restaurant is often a reflection of the quality of the ingredients, the effort that goes into the presentation of the dish, and the overall dining experience. While you might get less food at a more expensive restaurant, the food is often of a higher quality and the dining experience is generally considered to be more enjoyable. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.577985 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Brooklyn Heights'
Brooklyn Heights is a residential neighborhood within | Brooklyn Heights is a residential neighborhood within the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Atlantic Avenue to the north, Flatbush Avenue to the east, Fourth Avenue to the south, and the Brooklyn Bridge to the west.
The area that is now Brooklyn Heights was first settled in 1636 as part of Dutch New York, and became a center of trade and commerce in the 18th century. In 1825, the land that is now Brooklyn Heights was purchased by merchant James Brown. Brown's intent was to build a grandiose estate on his new land, but he died before anything could be done. In 1838, his widow, Mary Brown Skinner Brown, began selling parcels of land in Brooklyn Heights to wealthy families. The neighborhood soon became known for its upscale homes and became a popular place for socialites and businessmen to live. In 1870, the Brooklyn Heights Promenade was constructed along Atlantic Avenue, which helped to increase tourism in the area.
In 1896, Brooklyn Heights was annexed by the City of Brooklyn. The neighborhood remained predominantly residential until the 1930s, when it began to become popular among young professionals and artists. Today, Brooklyn Heights remains a popular neighborhood for residents and tourists alike. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.289869 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Revolt Tour'
The Revolt Tour was a tour by | The Revolt Tour was a tour by the American rock band Guns N' Roses in support of their album Chinese Democracy. The tour began on July 25, 2008 in Manchester, England and ended on November 2, 2008 in Tokyo, Japan.
The tour was controversial from the beginning due to guitarist Slash's refusal to play any of the songs from their previous album Use Your Illusion II, as he felt that the album was unfinished and did not reflect the sound that Guns N' Roses were capable of. This led to many fans boycotting the tour altogether. However, despite poor ticket sales, the tour managed to gross over $120 million. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.852793 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gnarled enamel'
Gnarled enamel is a description of enamel | Gnarled enamel is a description of enamel seen in histologic sections of a tooth underneath a cusp. This is optical appearance of enamel. The enamel appears different and very complex under the cusp, but this is not due to a different arrangement of dental tissues. Instead, the enamel still has the same arrangement of enamel rods. The strange appearance results from the lines of enamel rods directed vertically under a cusp and from their orientation in a small circumference. Gnarled enamel can sometimes be a problem for dentists; although experienced dentists have no problem identifying gnarled enamel and making the correct preparations, some inexperienced dentists face problems when performing a standard filling or root canal. The gnarled enamel can cause the drill problems and in some cases the dentist must replace the drill burr. The toughness of gnarled enamel varies from patient to patient and usually is nothing to be concerned about. | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.143188 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Nygma (wrestler)'
Nygma (born January 21, 1974) is a | Nygma (born January 21, 1974) is a Mexican Luchador, or professional wrestler best known from his appearances in the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) which he has worked for with only short breaks since 1995/1996. Nygma has been a member of Los Vatos Locos, a Kiss look-alike group of wrestlers, with whom he held the Mexican National Atómicos Championship. Nygma was also a part of the Cibernético led group Los Bizarros. Currently, he is part of a team called Los Exóticos, a group of Exotico, or transvestite wrestlers. Currently Nygma is a part. Nygma's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. Professional wrestling career
The wrestler who later became known as Nygma made his debut in 1992 under the ring name Galaxi after training under Rodolfo Ruiz, Raúl Reyes and Bestia Negra. He was signed by Promo Azteca shortly after the group was formed and his ring persona was changed to "Nygma", inspired partly by the comic book character The Riddler whose name is "Edward Nygma". In 1996 Nygma moved from Promo Azteca to Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA), initially working as a singles wrestler. On June 13, 1997, Nygma defeated El Salsero to win the Mexican National Welterweight Championship, the first wrestling championship of his career. Nygma only held the title for 42 days and lost it to El Torero in his first title defense. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.513952 | [
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Why does homosexuality exist? People not interested in sex with the other gender are obviously not beneficial for the survival of human race, so if homosexuals are just "born this way" why hasn't evolution taken care of it? Explain like I' m five. | Homosexuality exists because it is a natural variation that occurs in human sexuality. Just like some people are taller or shorter, or have different colored eyes or hair, some people are also attracted to the same gender. This is not something that needs to be "fixed" or changed, and it is not harmful to a person's health or well-being. In fact, many people who are attracted to the same gender go on to lead happy, healthy, and fulfilling lives. It is important to remember that just because something is different does not mean it is wrong or bad. People of all sexual orientations and gender identities deserve to be treated with respect and acceptance. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 4.718762 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Urbain Héroux'
Urbain Héroux (September 11, 1811 - October | Urbain Héroux (September 11, 1811 - October 20, 1853) was a French-Canadian employee of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), stationed primarily in the Pacific Northwest in the 1830s and 1840s. Héroux was born in Pointe-du-Lac in Lower Canada and baptized in nearby Trois-Rivières. The claim that he was Iroquois is contradicted by the documentary evidence. At the age of 20, he was caught trespassing at a building on a wharf. His original punishment was commuted on the condition he seek employment outside Lower Canada. He was hired by the Hudson's Bay Company in the spring of 1833 and sent to several interior posts. In 1837 he was reappointed to Fort Vancouver, where he met and had at least one child with a Chinookan woman. From here he would serve intermittently at Fort Vancouver, Fort Taku, and finally Fort Stikine, arriving at the final station in 1841. Fort Stikine was located within the Stikine lisière, a territory of Russian America leased to the HBC by the Russian-American Company. Among his other duties he may have served as interpreter. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.185421 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Animal bite'
An animal bite is a wound, usually | An animal bite is a wound, usually inflicted by a predator such as a lion, tiger, or snake, that results from the teeth puncturing the skin. The severity of an animal bite depends on the size of the predator, the thickness of the victim's skin, and whether bone is involved. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.114882 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Southwest Islands (Palau)'
The Southwest Islands of Palau are several | The Southwest Islands of Palau are several small islands spread across the Pacific Ocean about 600 km from the main island chain of Palau. They make up the Palauan states of Sonsorol and Hatohobei. The nearshore islands to the southwest of the main island of Palau (Babeldaob), which belong to the states of Koror, Peleliu and Angaur and the unincorporated Rock Islands, are not considered part of the Southwest Islands. Geography
The Southwest Islands are located some 275 to 325 km southwest of Angaur. These small outer islands, which include Sonsorol, Pulu Ana, and Meriir, are both physically and culturally distinct from the rest of the Palau. The islands are miniature platforms of raised reef composed of coralline limestone. The islands have sandy soils covered with atoll-like forest and brush. The islands are low, and have depressed, swampy interiors. Large stands of coconut palms line the beaches forming the primary resource for the only industry on the islands: copra production. Today, the islands are largely uninhabited as most of the native population lives in Koror or on Ngerekebesang Island. Even so, the natives retain a strong sense of cultural pride in their heritage and a firm commitment to their islands. | wiki-intro | 0 | 33.18475 | [
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How to value employee benefits? | Health insurance varies wildly per state and per plan and per provider-but check them out to have a baseline to know what it should cost if you did it yourself. Don' t forget vacation time, too: many contract/comp-only jobs have no vacation time-how much is that 10 or 15 days a year worth to you? It effectively means you' re getting paid for 2080 hours, but working 2000 (with the 2 week number). Is the comp-only offer allowing overtime, and will they approve it? Is the benefits-included job salaried? If it' s truly likely you' ll be working more than a normal 40 hour week on a routine basis (see if you can talk to other folks that work there), an offer that will pay overtime is likely going to be better than one that wouldn' t.. but perhaps not in your setting if it also loses the PTO. | hc3-finance | 0 | 44.932892 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Feng Zhang'
Feng Zhang (; born October 22, 1981) | Feng Zhang (; born October 22, 1981) is a Chinese-American biochemist. Zhang currently holds the James and Patricia Poitras Professorship in Neuroscience at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and in the departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also has appointments with the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (where he is a core member). He is most well known for his central role in the development of optogenetics and CRISPR technologies. Early life and education
Zhang was born in China in 1981 and given the name 锋 (which means "point of a spear; edge of a tool; vanguard"). Both of his parents were computer programmers in China. At age 11, he moved to Iowa with his mother (his father was not able to join them for several years). He attended Theodore Roosevelt High School and Central Academy in Des Moines, graduating in 2000. In 1999 he attended the acclaimed Research Science Institute at MIT, and in 2000 he won 3rd Place in the Intel Science Talent Search. He earned his B.A. in Chemistry and Physics from Harvard University in 2004 where he worked with Xiaowei Zhuang. He then received his Ph.D. in chemical and biological engineering from Stanford University in 2009 under the guidance of Karl Deisseroth where he developed the technologies behind optogenetics with Edward Boyden. He served as an independent Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.541761 | [
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The Tiburtine Sibyl or Albunea was a | The Tiburtine Sibyl or Albunea was a muse of prophecy in ancient Rome. She is also known as the Sibyl of Tiburtina, after the town where she lived.
The Tiburtine Sibyl was a female prophet who lived in Tiburtina, a town in central Italy. According to legend, she was visited by Aeneas in the course of his wanderings after the fall of Troy. The Sibyl prophesied the future of Rome and its rulers. She was also consulted on matters of religion. The Roman poet Virgil made her the subject of one of his most famous works, the Aeneid. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.046755 | [
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How did the golden eye disk hold a full game and an emulator with 10 games only on 12 mb? If an album is like 80 mb how do they have all the textures and a. i and music, plus this emulator I just read about? Explain like I' m five. | I'm pretty sure the music is synthesized. The music actually stored on the cartridge is basically just the musical notes it should play, instead of having the actual sound data. The console then has a built in sequencer that reads the notes and plays them. The music files aren't thus very large at all. The textures are very low quality, and probably take up most of the 12 megabytes. I'm not sure what you mean by emulator, but that is just additional code that probably doesn't take up a lot of space. It is a game contained in a ROM and the emulator is what allows you to play access the ROM. There is not as much data as you think. because older games like that kept lists of instructions on how to play the music, and how to draw the video, instead of storing the already processed and ready video and sound. The instructions lists take a lot less space than the methods we use to store video these days. Modern Mp3 files, and videos are completed music and video that have already been processed, and take up a lot more space. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 29.975201 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Craigmaroinn'
Craigmaroinn is a skerry in the North | Craigmaroinn is a skerry in the North Uist Coast of Scotland. It is located to the north of Tobermory and to the east of Lochmaddy.
Craigmaroinn is a small, rocky skerry, 194 m long and up to 25 m wide, with a deep inlet on its northern shore. It has a small beach and is surrounded by steep cliffs. The waters around Craigmaroinn are crystal clear, making it an excellent spot for swimming.
The name Craigmaroinn is derived from the Scottish Gaelic words "craig" meaning rock and "mara" meaning promontory. | wiki-intro | 1 | 8.834618 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Buzz (nickname)'
Buzz is a nickname. Notable people with | Buzz is a nickname. Notable people with the name include: Buzz Aldrin (born 1930), American pilot and astronaut, second person to set foot on the Moon
Herbert Altshuler (born 1945), American retired major general
Buzz Arlett (1899–1964), American baseball player
James D. Beans (born 1934), United States Marine Corps brigadier general
George Beurling (1921–1948), Canadian World War II fighter pilot
Buzz Bissinger (born 1954), American Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author
Buzz Burrell (born 1951) American ultrarunner
Ian Burrows (1930–2006), New Zealand brigadier general and Commander of Land Forces New Zealand
Steve Busby (born 1949), American baseball pitcher
Frank Carrone (1938–1975), American mobster
Beau Casson (born 1982), Australian former cricketer
Buzz Clifford (1941–2018), American singer
Charlie Eckert (1897–1986), American baseball pitcher
Buzz Fazio (1908–1993), American bowler
Buzz Feiten, American singer, songwriter and guitarist
Buzz Gardner (1931–2004), American trumpeter
Buzz Grogan, a professional wrestler with NWA: All-Star Wrestling
Buzz Hargrove (born 1944), former national president of the Canadian Auto Workers trade union
John McClung (1935–2004), Canadian historian, lawyer, jurist and judge
Buzz Nutter (1931–2008), American football player
Buzz Osborne (born 1964), guitarist/vocalist/songwriter, founding member of The Melvins
Buzz Parsons (born 1950), Canadian former soccer player
Buzz Peterson (born 1963), American basketball player, coach and executive
Buzz Schneider (born 1954), American ice hockey player and Olympic gold medalist
Boyd Wagner (1918–1942), American World War II flying ace and lieutenant colonel
Buzz Williams (born 1972), American college men's basketball head coach at Virginia Tech
Raymond R. Wright (1945–1999), US Army soldier and Medal of Honor recipient | wiki-intro | 0 | 15.974059 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Dana Sawyer'
Dana Sawyer was born in Jonesport, Maine | Dana Sawyer was born in Jonesport, Maine in 1951. He is a full-time professor of religion and philosophy at the Maine College of Art and an adjunct professor in Asian Religions at the Chaplaincy Institute of Maine. He is the author of numerous published papers and books, including Aldous Huxley: A Biography, which Laura Huxley described as, "Out of all the biographies written about Aldous, this is the only one he would have actually liked." In 2014, Sawyer's authorized biography of Huston Smith was published. Biography
Sawyer has been involved in fund-raising activities for the Siddhartha School Project in Stok, Ladakh, north India, for more than ten years. This project has resulted in the construction of an elementary/ middle/high school for underprivileged Buddhist children that has been visited twice by the Dalai Lama, who holds it as a model for blending traditional and Western educational ideals. Much of his work for this project has involved translating at lectures for (and teaching with) the school’s founder, Khen Rinpoche Lobzang Tsetan, who is the abbot of the Panchen Lama’s monastery in Mysore, India. | wiki-intro | 0 | 18.769184 | [
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Why is the language Mandarin not called Chinese? AFAIK, nearly everyone in China speaks Mandarin. So why is it not simply called Chinese? Explain like I' m five. | There's multiple languages across China. Many people still speak Cantonese as well as Mandarin. There are also a number of regional dialects. Considering they all originated in China, you wouldn't know which "Chinese" you're speaking The land that we call China is actually very broad and diverse linguistically. Think of it like India: you can't say that someone speaks "Indian." You'd have to say that they speak Hindi, Telugu, Punjabi, Gujurati, etc., but to say that they speak Indian would be incorrect. The term "Chinese" as a demonym is as broad as "Native American" or even "European." Within the category of "Chinese languages," there are multiple related sub-languages with regional variations and dialects, only some of which are mutually intelligible. China is diverse. Extremely diverse. There are many languages and cultures in China. So there isn't any language called Chinese, that's just a label we give to everything in that area. There's Cantonese, Mandarin and hundreds of other languages. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 11.800079 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Modular programming'
Modular programming is a software design technique | Modular programming is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality. A module interface expresses the elements that are provided and required by the module. The elements defined in the interface are detectable by other modules. The implementation contains the working code that corresponds to the elements declared in the interface. Modular programming is closely related to structured programming and object-oriented programming, all having the same goal of facilitating construction of large software programs and systems by decomposition into smaller pieces, and all originating around the 1960s. While the historical usage of these terms has been inconsistent, "modular programming" now refers to the high-level decomposition of the code of an entire program into pieces: structured programming to the low-level code use of structured control flow, and object-oriented programming to the data use of objects, a kind of data structure. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.859552 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Combi steamer'
Combi steamers (also called combi-steamers, hot-air steamers, | Combi steamers (also called combi-steamers, hot-air steamers, combination steam-convection ovens, or simply combi ovens) are cooking appliances typically used in professional catering or food service operations. Combi steamers can produce both dry (convection) and moist (steam) heat, and are capable of shifting between them automatically during the cooking process. It can be used to simultaneously steam vegetables or potatoes quickly and gently, while also roasting or braising meat and fish, or baking bread. The appliance is fit for many culinary applications, including baking, roasting, grilling, steaming, braising, blanching and poaching. Combi steamers expand upon standard convection ovens in that they also generate steam or a combination of steam and superheated steam. They help gastronomy-industry professionals bridge the gap between economy and menu diversity while also maintaining the desired food quality. The term convection oven is frequently used in connection with these appliances; however, standard convection ovens cook using only a fan to circulate the hot air around the food, without the additional steaming function. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.6539 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Sorangium cellulosum'
Sorangium cellulosum is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium | Sorangium cellulosum is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium that can cause a serious bacterial infection in humans. The bacterium is found in soil, water, and the air, and can cause severe pneumonia if contracted. Treatment typically involves antibiotics. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.448485 | [
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Here in the UK why don't we have fire hydrants? When they seem to be all over the place in the US. Please explain like I' m five. | In the UK, it is not common to have fire hydrants because most buildings are made of brick, stone, or concrete, which are materials that are less likely to catch fire than the wooden buildings that are common in the US. When a fire does occur in the UK, firefighters can use hoses to spray water on the fire from the fire truck. In the US, where wooden buildings are more common, firefighters need a way to quickly get large amounts of water to put out a fire, so they use fire hydrants. Fire hydrants are special pipes that have a valve that can be opened to let water flow out of the pipe. When firefighters need water to put out a fire, they can open the valve on the fire hydrant to get the water they need. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.276369 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Eliza Sharples'
Eliza Sharples (1803—1852) was one of the | Eliza Sharples (1803—1852) was one of the most popular and widely read authors of the Victorian era. She was known for her novels, short stories, and poetry. She also wrote travel literature, astronomy articles, and educational works.
Eliza Sharples was born in 1803 in the town of Bolton-in-Furness in Lancashire, England. Her father was a lawyer and her mother was a dressmaker. Sharples began writing at a young age and published her first novel, The Heiress of Redclyffe, in 1829. She became one of the most popular authors of the Victorian era, publishing over 40 novels and short stories over the course of her lifetime.
Sharples is best known for her novels, which are often classified as historical romances. Her most famous novel is The Governess, which was published in 1840 and has been adapted for television several times. Other well-known Sharples novels include The Velvet Glove (1848), The Wayfarer (1849), and Ruth (1853).
Sharples also wrote poetry, including poems about nature and travel. Her most famous poem is "The Cross of Christ," which was published in 1851 and has been frequently anthologized over the years.
Eliza Sharples died in 1852 at the age of 52. | wiki-intro | 1 | 7.416183 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Gundam Build Fighters'
is a 2013 Japanese science fiction anime | is a 2013 Japanese science fiction anime television series produced by Sunrise and directed by Shingo Araki. It is based on the Gundam Build Fighters manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. The story follows a group of young gunpla enthusiasts who join a virtual reality space to compete in an intergalactic Gunpla Battle tournament.
The anime aired in Japan on TV Tokyo from April 6, 2013 to September 25, 2013, with a total of 24 episodes. It was simulcast by Crunchyroll. An English-dubbed version aired on Adult Swim's Toonami block from October 10, 2013 to December 17, 2013. A second season, also dubbed by Adult Swim, aired from February 9, 2014 to March 29, 2014. A third season titled Gundam Build Fighters Try aired from October 7, 2014 to December 20, 2014.
An app for the PlayStation Vita was released in Japan on February 9, 2014; this was followed by an app for the iOS and Android platforms on May 5. The game has sold over 1 million copies worldwide. | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.568738 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Conditional perfect'
The conditional perfect is a grammatical construction | The conditional perfect is a grammatical construction that combines the conditional mood with perfect aspect. A typical example is the English would have written. The conditional perfect is used to refer to a hypothetical, usually counterfactual, event or circumstance placed in the past, contingent on some other circumstance (again normally counterfactual, and also usually placed in the past). Like the present conditional (a form like would write), the conditional perfect typically appears in the apodosis (the main clause, expressing the consequent) in a conditional sentence. English
In English, the conditional perfect is formed using would have together with the past participle of the main verb. The auxiliary would marks the conditional mood (it is occasionally replaced by should in the first person; see shall and will), while the auxiliary have (used in combination with the past participle) marks the perfect aspect (prior occurrence of the event in question). The conditional perfect is used chiefly in the main clause (apodosis) of "third conditional" (or sometimes "mixed conditional") sentences, as described under English conditional sentences. Examples:
You would have got[ten] more money if you had worked harder.
If we had run faster, we would have arrived earlier.
If I were a woman, I would have entered the contest. | wiki-intro | 0 | 24.708565 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Matthew Bullock'
Matthew Bullock was an American accused of | Matthew Bullock was an American accused of the 2003 murder of his wife, Julie Bullock. He was also a suspect in the 2004 murder of his second wife, Kathryn Bullock.
Bullock was born on October 3, 1961, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Natick, Massachusetts. Bullock married Julie Bullock in 1990 and the couple had two children.
Bullock and his wife were vacationing in Portugal in 2003 when Julie was killed. Bullock was arrested for her murder in 2004 and he was also charged with the 2004 murder of Kathryn Bullock. Bullock was found guilty of both murders and he was sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.138985 | [
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Why is the a "Truth" campaign against smoking, but not drinking? What gives? Please explain like I' m five. | The "Truth" campaign is an anti-smoking campaign that was created to educate people about the dangers of smoking and the tobacco industry's efforts to hide those dangers. There are a number of reasons why there is a campaign against smoking but not drinking.
One reason is that smoking has been proven to be much more harmful to health than drinking. While moderate drinking may have some health benefits, smoking has been linked to a number of serious health problems, including lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke. In contrast, drinking in moderation is generally considered to be safe and can even have some health benefits.
Another reason is that smoking is much more prevalent and addictive than drinking. Many people who smoke become addicted to cigarettes, which makes it difficult for them to quit and can lead to serious health problems. In contrast, most people who drink do so in moderation and do not become addicted to alcohol.
Finally, the campaign against smoking is supported by a number of organizations, including public health agencies and non-profits, because of the significant negative impact that smoking has on public health. There is not as much support for a campaign against drinking because it is not as harmful and is not as widely used as smoking. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 7.816238 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Liang'
Liang may refer to: Chinese history
Liang | Liang may refer to: Chinese history
Liang (surname)
Liang (given name)
Liang (football club)
Liang is a Chinese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Liang is also a given name, notables including:
Liang is a place name in China, including:
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'ShareReactor'
ShareReactor was an index site for files | ShareReactor was an index site for files on the eDonkey network and Torrent files. ShareReactor did not host any files; instead, the links it contained were accessible through an eDonkey network and BitTorrent client. The site was taken down by Swiss Police on March 10, 2004 due to the suspicion of breach of copyright and trademark laws. After a long downtime of nearly two years and six months, the site returned online under new ownership. However nearly two months after its return it once again closed down due to lack of popularity. On December 2008 the site was reopened once more brought back to life with help from the Pirate Bay team. Its notability is still known today as a search on any p2p network will show many thousands of files tagged with Sharereactor in their name. ShareReactor delivers links that can be used together with a P2P client program that understands eD2k links or torrent files. | wiki-intro | 0 | 32.413265 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Paola Corso'
Paola Corso (May 28, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is | Paola Corso (May 28, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American fiction writer, poet, photographer and literary activist. Corso is a New York Foundation for the Arts Poetry Fellow, Sherwood Anderson Fiction Award Winner,, and included on the Pennsylvania Center for the Book's Literary Map. She is the author of eight books of fiction and poetry, including 'Vertical Bridges: Poems and Photographs of City Steps,' (2020) with original photos by the author and archival photographs from the University of Pittsburgh Library; Catina's Haircut: A Novel in Stories (2010) on Library Journal’s notable list of first novels; Giovanna's 86 Circles And Other Stories (2005), a Binghamton University's John Gardner Fiction Book Award Finalist; a book of poems, Death by Renaissance (2004), and award-winning poetry collections, The Laundress Catches Her Breath, winner of the Tillie Olsen Award for Creative Writing; and Once I Was Told the Air Was Not for Breathing (2012), about Pittsburgh steelworkers and garment workers in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire and winner of a Triangle Fire Memorial Association Award. Her books are set in the Pittsburgh area, where her Southern Italian immigrant family members worked in the steel mills. Her themes include ethnicity, the working class, social change, and magical leaps. Corso has also written poetry books about growing up near a toxic dump that was on the EPA's Superfund List, the city's history of water and air pollution, and the link between cancer and a polluted environment in the workplace. She co-edited an anthology, Politics of Water: A Confluence of Women's Voices and wrote an introductory personal essay on the subject of industrial pollution. | wiki-intro | 0 | 38.62574 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Hugh Thomas Miller'
Hugh Thomas Miller (March 21, 1867 – | Hugh Thomas Miller (March 21, 1867 – May 26, 1947) was a politician from the U.S. state of Indiana. Between 1905 and 1909, he served as Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. Life
Hugh Miller was born in Johnson County in Indiana. In 1888, he graduated from Butler University. In the following years, until 1892, he taught French at this University. Afterwards, he studied history in Paris and Berlin. Between 1893 and 1899, he was a history professor at the Butler University and in 1899, he accepted the position of an assistant cashier at the Irwin's Bank in Columbus, Indiana.
Miller joined the Republican Party and in 1902, he was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives. Two years later, he ran successfully for the office of the Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. He served in this position between 9 January 1905 and 11 January 1909, when his term ended. In this function, he was the deputy of Governor Frank Hanly and he presided over the Indiana Senate. In 1914, he was a candidate for U.S. Senator. | wiki-intro | 0 | 13.818517 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jeff Capel II'
Felton Jeffrey Capel II (January 6, 1953 | Felton Jeffrey Capel II (January 6, 1953 – January 29, 2019) was an American basketball coach and player. He was the head men's basketball coach at Temple University from 2001 to 2013 and at the University of Richmond from 2014 to 2019. Capel was also a player at Temple from 1970 to 1973.
Capel was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He played college basketball for the Temple Owls under head coach John Chaney and earned All-American honors in 1973.
After his playing career, Capel began his coaching career as an assistant coach at his alma mater, Temple. He served as Temple's head men's basketball coach from 2001 to 2013, compiling a record of 187–130. Capel left Temple after compiling an overall record of 186–130. He then became head coach of the University of Richmond Tigers in 2014. In his one season at Richmond, he led the Tigers to the American Athletic Conference Tournament championship game, where they lost to Memphis.
Capel died on January 29, 2019, at the age of 71 after a long battle with leukemia.
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jason Muzzatti'
Jason Mark Muzzatti (born February 3, 1970) | Jason Mark Muzzatti (born February 3, 1970) is a Canadian-Italian former professional ice hockey goaltender, and the current goaltending coach for the Carolina Hurricanes. He played 62 games in the National Hockey League between 1993 and 1998 for four teams. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1991 to 2007, was spent in various minor leagues and in Europe. Internationally Muzzatti played briefly for the Canadian national team in the early 1990s, and later in his career played for the Italian national team at several World Championships and the 2006 Winter Olympics. Playing career
Muzzatti played four seasons at Michigan State University with a record of 83 wins, 34 losses, and 6 ties. He was drafted by the Calgary Flames in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft as the 21st pick in the first round. He joined the Salt Lake Golden Eagles of the IHL in 1991. He joined the Flames in 1993 but he had just a short career in Calgary, playing only two games in two seasons. He was claimed on waivers by the Hartford Whalers in 1995 and played 53 games before he was traded to the New York Rangers. He finished his NHL career in 1997–98 with the San Jose Sharks. | wiki-intro | 0 | 9.274196 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Roy T. Haverkamp'
Roy Theodore Haverkamp (December 10, 1924 – | Roy Theodore Haverkamp (December 10, 1924 – November 12, 2018) was an official in the United States Department of State. Haverkamp was the United States chargé d'affaires ad interim to Grenada from 1984-1986. Biography
Haverkamp was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1924. Once he graduated high school in 1943 he enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces and served as a bomber pilot in the European theater of operation with the 597th Bombardment Squadron. He graduated from Yale University in 1949, he then studied law at the University of Cambridge. Haverkamp joined the United States Foreign Service in 1952 and was sent to South Korea to be a political officer. From 1955-1957 he was in Stockholm. From 1957-1960 he worked at the embassy in Japan. In 1984 he was nominated by Ronald Reagan to be the United States Ambassador to Grenada. He died in Kensington, Maryland on November 12, 2018. | wiki-intro | 0 | 10.711709 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tenement (band)'
Tenement is an American three piece rock | Tenement is an American three piece rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. The band was formed in 2011 by vocalist/guitarist Jesse Brown, drummer Max MacDowell, and bassist Devin O'Keefe.
Tenement's sound is based around Brown's powerful and emotive vocals and MacDowell's powerful drumming. The band's music is often described as heavy and bluesy, with influences from alternative rock, post-punk, and grunge. | wiki-intro | 1 | 4.999907 | [
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TOMCAT/SLIMCAT is an off-line chemical transport model | TOMCAT/SLIMCAT is an off-line chemical transport model (CTM), which models the time-dependent distribution of chemical species in the troposphere and stratosphere. It can be used to study topics such as ozone depletion and tropospheric pollution, and was one of the models used the IPCC report on Aviation and the Global Atmosphere . It incorporates a choice of detailed chemistry schemes for the troposphere or stratosphere, and an optional chemical data assimilation scheme. The original model code, called the Toulouse Off-line Model of Chemistry And Transport (TOMCAT), was written by Martyn Chipperfield at Météo France. "Off-line" in this sense describes the fact that although the meteorological data (wind components and other fields) which are used as input to the CTM typically derive from a general circulation model (GCM), the CTM is run as a separate program outside of a GCM; this is as distinct from a chemistry simulation scheme which runs within a GCM, in which the simulated chemical distributions, e.g. of ozone, can provide feedback on the meteorology via the GCM's radiation scheme. | wiki-intro | 0 | 28.030655 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Toronto Aeros'
The Toronto Aeros, often called Beatrice Aeros | The Toronto Aeros, often called Beatrice Aeros after their primary sponsor, the North York Aeros, and the Mississauga Aeros were a semi-professional women's ice hockey team that played in Toronto and Mississauga, Ontario. The team played its home games in Beatrice Ice Gardens in Toronto and Iceland Mississauga in Mississauga. In 2010, the Canadian Women's Hockey League placed an expansion team back in Toronto and was sometimes known as the Aeros among fans. In 2011, the CWHL team eventually took on the name of Toronto Furies. Team history
Originally playing out of North York, Ontario, the senior Aeros were established in the Central Ontario Women's Hockey League and the Ontario Women's Hockey Association as the Aeros. The senior team was associated with an organization that operated several teams from youth to adult. Throughout the organization's history, the senior Aeros have also been known as the Toronto Aeros and North York Aeros. In 1999, the organization began being called the Beatrice Aeros after their main sponsor, Beatrice Foods Canada, and played out of the Beatrice Ice Gardens at York University. | wiki-intro | 0 | 16.791527 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Jewell Mazique'
Jewell R. Mazique (October 2, 1913 | Jewell R. Mazique (October 2, 1913 – September 18, 2007) was an activist who helped found the Capital Transit campaign with United Federal Workers to integrate Washington D.C.'s bus operators. Mazique wrote extensively for The Washington Afro-American newspaper on topics such as the United Nations position on African Nations, and how black children were being educated in DC schools. She served on the National Council for the Southern Negro Youth Congress in 1945, a group claimed to be a Communist front organization. She was the subject of a U.S. Government Office of War Information documentary photo series in 1943 while she was a clerk at the Library of Congress. The photos, taken by John Collier, were supposedly depicting a day in the life of a typical black Washingtonian, but critics argued that the photos were "less picturesque and less a credit to freedom's national seat" than a typical day of an average black woman in Washington D.C. | wiki-intro | 0 | 17.236717 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Julie Heins'
Hansine Julie Heins née Nielsdatter baptised Norberg | Hansine Julie Heins née Nielsdatter baptised Norberg (1822–1902) was a Danish schoolteacher and writer who established her own school for small children in Odense in 1855. She is remembered for her children's reading books which were used in Danish schools. In particular, her Hanebogen (Cockerel Book, 1865), appeared in 23 editions until 1932. Over the years, her school expanded, taking in older children in the late 1870s and embarking on teacher training in the 1880s. After she sold the school in 1883, it became known as Odense Kvindeseminarium. Early life
Born on 27 September 1822 in Marslev, Kerteminde Municipality, on the island of Funen, Hansine Julie Nielsdatter was the daughter of the unmarried teenager Inger Kristine Nielsen (1805–1887). Her father was possibly the pastry cook Svend Norberg from Næstved or perhaps the caretaker Hans Christian Egholdt (1796–1827) who later married her mother. At her baptism and confirmation she was recorded as Hansine Julie Norberg. In 1841 she married the dentist Frederik Wilhelm Guldbrand Heins (1817–1892). Together they had two children: Carl Charles Mariano (1842) and Marie Elisabeth Olivia Christine (1846). | wiki-intro | 0 | 29.698864 | [
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How come having a pig as a pet isn't more popular? Pigs are very intelligent creatures. And they are cute! So why don't more people want pigs as pets and/or why don't more stores offer pigs as pets? Please explain like I' m five. | Pigs can grow * very * large & you can't always tell how big they're going to grow until you have one. In many places, pigs are considered livestock & can't be kept on residential property. We still think of pigs as food rather than pets. 1. Pigs can get huge and males can be very aggressive, they wouldn't make good pets. Most people who get pigs as a pet have to get special breeds, called "teacup piglets" that don't grow too big. 2. Many cities don't allow livestock in the city, which usually includes pigs, regardless of whether you intend to keep the pig as a pet or raise it as livestock. 3. It's * really * hard for non-vegetarians to keep and love an animal as a pet while also eating that same type of animal. Most Americans are outraged at the concept of eating dogs, because we love dogs, they're pets, they're smart, they're lovable. We justify eating meat by telling ourselves that the animals we eat are dumb, and don't really suffer. We say "I'd never eat a monkey or a whale, because those are smart animals." But the reality is pigs are probably even smarter than dogs, and we still eat them. To keep one as a pet and learn how smart and loving they can be would make you uncomfortable to still eat bacon and ham. You've got a lot of good answers, but I'll reiterate: They * * do * * get very large and the can be * * very * * aggressive. In many counties and cities you'll need a special permit for livestock, which could be impossible to get in a suburban area. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 20.271894 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Streak (mineralogy)'
The streak of a mineral is the | The streak of a mineral is the color of the powder produced when it is dragged across an un-weathered surface. Unlike the apparent color of a mineral, which for most minerals can vary considerably, the trail of finely ground powder generally has a more consistent characteristic color, and is thus an important diagnostic tool in mineral identification. If no streak seems to be made, the mineral's streak is said to be white or colorless. Streak is particularly important as a diagnostic for opaque and colored materials. It is less useful for silicate minerals, most of which have a white streak or are too hard to powder easily. The apparent color of a mineral can vary widely because of trace impurities or a disturbed macroscopic crystal structure. Small amounts of an impurity that strongly absorbs a particular wavelength can radically change the wavelengths of light that are reflected by the specimen, and thus change the apparent color. However, when the specimen is dragged to produce a streak, it is broken into randomly oriented microscopic crystals, and small impurities do not greatly affect the absorption of light. | wiki-intro | 0 | 25.922358 | [
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What's the difference, if any, between Cyborgs, Androids and Robots? Are there technical differences? Please explain like I' m five. | A cyborg is a person with robotic components. An android is a robot specifically designed to look human. A robot is a non-human-like machination. All good answers here, but if you're interested in a little history I can explain where the words came from. [* * Cyborg * *] (URL_ 2)-short for "Cybernetic Organism". Officially, cybernetics means "the study of self-regulating systems", but it has informally come to mean "computer stuff". Hence, cyborgs are organisms with electronic components. [* * Android * *] (URL_ 3)-Comes from a greek root ἀνδρ, meaning "man", combined with the suffix-oid, which means "looks like". Thus, they are human-like creations. Technically, only male-like robots are androids. The female equivalent is "gynoid". Bonus fact: The word "droid" originally came from a shortened form of "android" [* * Robot * *] (URL_ 0)-comes from the word for "slave labor" in Chezk. The term was created by a writer who wrote one of the earliest stories about automatons, called [* Rossum ’ s Universal Robots *] (URL_ 1). He was originally going to call them * laboři *, but decided he did not like the work and so asked his brother for suggestions. The robots in the story were not very similar to what we would call robots today, but the word was popularized and became the common term for any sort of automaton. A cyborg has organic parts, a robot is mechanical, and an android is a special type of robot that's made to look/act human. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 30.880083 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Marjorie Ryerson'
Marjorie Ryerson is an American editor, photographer, | Marjorie Ryerson is an American editor, photographer, and writer.
Ryerson was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1931. She attended the University of Michigan, where she majored in English and graduated with a degree in 1953. Ryerson then worked as an editor for magazines such as "Reader's Digest" and "House & Garden".
Ryerson is best known for her work as an editor and photographer for "The New York Times Magazine", where she served from 1984 to 2007. During her tenure at the "Times", Ryerson was responsible for creating and running the magazine's photo department, which won several awards, including a Pulitzer Prize in 2002. She has also written several books, including a memoir, "In Spite of Myself: A Life" (2004), and a book of photography, "Pictures at an Exhibition" (2009). | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.602791 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Clianthus'
Clianthus, commonly known as kakabeak (kōwhai ngutukākā | Clianthus, commonly known as kakabeak (kōwhai ngutukākā), is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it is widespread and common in wet montane forests and subalpine scrub.
The genus contains about 25 species of short, bushy, perennial plants with narrow leaves and tall flowers with long petals. The flowers are typically blue or purplish, and the fruit is a capsule. Most species are pollinated by wind, but some are self-pollinated. | wiki-intro | 1 | 11.487296 | [
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is a former Japanese football player. Playing | is a former Japanese football player. Playing for Kashima Antlers, he was part of the Japanese national side which finished in third place at the 2002 World Cup.
Atsushi Mio was born on October 4, 1978, in Kashima, Saitama Prefecture. He began playing football for his school team at the age of nine and joined Kashima Antlers in 1995. Mio made his debut for the senior team in 1998 and became a regular starter in the following year. He was part of the Japanese national side which finished in third place at the 2002 World Cup.
Mio left Kashima Antlers in 2003 and signed for JEF United Chiba. He remained with JEF until 2006, when he moved to Shimizu S-Pulse. After two seasons with Shimizu, Mio moved to his hometown club Kashima Antlers in 2008. He retired from professional football after the 2013 season. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.544137 | [
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If people can determine their own gender identities why can't they determine their own racial identities? I don't believe that the two scenarios are the same, but I've never really heard a coherent explanation for why the two scenarios are distinct. Please explain like I' m five. | There seems to be a lot of confusion regarding terms like * sex, race, gender, orientation... * SEX: Your biological sex is determined by chromosomes. Most people are born XY (male) or XX (female) but some people can be born Intersex where their chromosomes do not match up with their external (testes/ovaries) or internal (penis/vagina) sex characteristics. GENDER: Who you subjectively define yourself as. Typically either as "feminine" or "masculine". What constitutes these two dichotomous classifications is largely influenced by culture. What is considered "feminine" in America, may not be be in India. A person may not feel they have a gender identity or they may feel they are somewhere in between masculine and feminine. ORIENTATION: Who you like sexually. You may like men (sex) or women (sex), or both or neither. You may like feminine (gender) individuals or masculine (gender) individuals or you may not have a preference. * * Gender is who you go into bed as. Orientation is who you want to go to bed with. * * Race: Is a socio-cultural classification system of people that is not relevant to biology. Biologists, scientists, anthropologists DO NOT use racial classifications because racial classifications involve shifting sets of paradigms. What defined a "black" person in 1500's Europe is not the same as "black" person living in America. "Social conceptions and groupings of races vary over time, involving folk taxonomies that define essential types of individuals based on perceived traits. Scientists consider biological essentialism obsolete, and generally discourage racial explanations for collective differentiation in both physical and behavioral traits." Race is all but superficial, and we only need look at Apartheid legislation to understand that classifying people into different races doesn't work. For example, in South Africa a brother and sister were classified one as "coloured" and the other as "white" because the one sibling failed the test of being able to have a pencil fall out of their hair. Curly hair was considered a "coloured" characteristic. If you want to look at someones genes to determine their ancestry that is OK. But instead of looking at RACES you would be looking at a POPULATION. Populations are definable groups of people who are more likely to mate and reproduce with each other than members outside that population. In terms of gene flow, gene inheritance etc it makes more sense to look at the world as populations of humans. A population might be a small village in Africa or the whole continent of Asia depending on your question, its scope and the specific traits your interested in. * * Nature vs. Nurture * * All traits and behaviours are influenced by a genetic/biological/inheritable component and an environmental component. This includes things like skin colour, eye colour, orientation, gender etc. That doesn't mean you can "find the gay gene" and make someone straight. Genes are complex. Usually multiple genes control one trait or behaviour + those each gene in itself may control many genes. So that genes can be linked to each other in complex ways. This is made even more complex by the fact that ones environment (our upbringing, what we eat, how much exercise we do, where we live, our culture, what we learn, what we are exposed to) influences how we develop. For example, our orientation may be influenced by whether or not our mother gave birth to a male or female infant first, whether or not we are twins with another female or male fetus, etc. Basically hormones in utero may have important implications for who we become late in life. Most studies of this nature have been conducted on mice, and there have been pretty interesting results. You CAN choose your racial identity, to some degree, but you can't choose your race, if that makes sense. Just like you can't change whether you have an X-Y, X-X, X-X-X, X-X-Y, or whatever other chromosome characteristic to define your biological sex, race is an inherited trace based on your ancestral lineage. But you can, to some degree, choose your racial identity through your behavior. While formally defining yourself as a specific "racial identity" may be taboo in western culture, especially for individuals of Caucasian decent, it can be argued that your racial identity matches the way you think and act more than your race, and by your acceptance into a racial identity by like-minded individuals. The difference here, between gender and racial identity, is that because race is so closely tied with ancestry, there's a level of inheritance that you can not simply choose to be a part of without the approval of those who already have it: it'd be like me saying that I'm of the "Washington clan" and a descendant of George Washington, without a member of his family adopting me into it. Genders appear through all ancestries, and there is no formal group based on a collective past that you're choosing to be part of, while with racial identity there is. They can! For most purposes, race is self-reported. When I was a Census enumerator, we had to write whatever race someone told us, even if it was something stupid like Martian, or something clearly'incorrect'(ie. Hispanic is not a racial group for census purposes-its considered a national origin and is reported with a separate check box. But if someone says Hispanic is their race, we write that down). | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 22.156418 | [
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Why, after both being irradiated by nuclear bombs, are Hiroshima and Nagasaki densely populated? Shouldn't there still be heavy radiation in the area for years to come? Isn't it still dangerous to live there? Explain like I' m five. | Nuclear weapons are actually relatively clean. Because of the incredibly fast chain reaction that causes the explosion, fuel tends to be completely used up, or not used at all. Bombs don't leave that many byproducts around to cause radioactivity over the long term-- they cause all of their radiation very quickly. Think of this like lighting off a firecracker-once you do it, all of the gunpowder quickly burns up. Nuclear reactor accidents, however, can be very dirty. Because the reactions run slowly, when a meltdown occurs, many intermediate byproducts can flood the surrounding environment. It is these byproducts that make the environment uninhabitable for thousands of years. Unlike the fuel that goes into the reactor, these byproducts may be radioactive enough to easily harm humans, but decay slowly enough that they can remain for millenia. No. The bombs were bombs. They were built to be super destructive for a tiny moment. You're associating with Chernobyl, where an uncontrolled accident happened. The bombs in Japan instantly vaporized the nuclear materials, to get all the power from them at once. In Chernobyl, the nuclear materials and radiation is still there, causing damage over time. At the Hiroshima museum dedicated to the bombing, they commented that the deaths from radiation peaked in 1953, then decreased to almost nothing ten years later. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 27.628225 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Irish Republic'
The Irish Republic ( or ) was | The Irish Republic ( or ) was an unrecognised revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919. The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of Ireland's 32 counties, and British state forces maintained a presence across much of the north-east, as well as Cork, Dublin and other major towns. The republic was strongest in rural areas, and through its military forces was able to influence the population in urban areas that it did not directly control. Its origins date back to the Easter Rising of 1916, when Irish republicans seized key locations in Dublin and proclaimed an Irish Republic. The rebellion was crushed, but the survivors united under a reformed Sinn Féin party to campaign for a republic. The party won a clear majority of largely uncontested seats in the 1918 general election, and formed the first Dáil (legislature) of Ireland in Dublin on 21 January 1919. Republicans then established a government, a court system and a police force. At the same time, the Irish Volunteers, who came under the control of the Dáil and became known as the Irish Republican Army, fought against British state forces in the Irish War of Independence. | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.448163 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Baron Waterpark'
Baron Waterpark of Waterpark in the County | Baron Waterpark of Waterpark in the County of Cork, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1792 for Sarah, Lady Cavendish, in honour of her husband, Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet. Sir Henry Cavendish was a politician who represented Lismore and Killybegs in the Irish House of Commons and served as Vice-Treasurer of Ireland and as Receiver-General of Ireland. From 1768 to 1774 he sat in the British House of Commons for Lostwithiel. Cavendish and Lady Waterpark were both succeeded by their son Richard, the second Baron and third Baronet. His eldest son, the third Baron, represented Knaresborough, Derbyshire South and Lichfield in the House of Commons as a Liberal and served as a Lord-in-waiting (government whip) under Lord John Russell, Lord Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston. This line of the family failed on the death of his grandson, the fifth Baron, in 1932. The late Baron was succeeded by his second cousin, the sixth Baron. He was the grandson of a younger son of the second Baron. As of , the titles are held by the latter's great-nephew, the eighth Baron, who succeeded in 2013. The Cavendish baronetcy, of Doveridge Hall, was created in the Baronetage of Great Britain in 1755 for Henry Cavendish. He notably represented Lismore in the Irish House of Commons. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned Sir Henry Cavendish, 2nd Baronet. The Cavendishes of Doveridge were descended from Henry Cavendish, illegitimate son of another Henry Cavendish, of Tutbury Priory. This Henry was the eldest son of Sir William Cavendish by his wife Bess of Hardwick, and thus elder brother of William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire. The family seat of Doveridge Hall was demolished about 1938. There were other illegitimate sons sired in Derbyshire by Henry Cavendish. One son Robert Cavendish was allegedly the result of a lifelong relationship with a mistress whom he kept at Ufton Manor in Oakerthorpe. | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.792337 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Battle of Tinzaouaten'
On February 8, 2012, rebels from the | On February 8, 2012, rebels from the separatist Movement for the National Liberation of Azawad attacked a military outpost in Tinzaouaten located on the Algerian borderline. The battle led to the capture of the city by rebel forces of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad. A Malian government statement was released the following day declaring a "strategic withdrawal" from its base in Tinzaouaten. A Malian soldier was killed. Ten were captured and 37 defected and were retrieved by Algerian authorities. The battle
On February 7, 2012, the city of Tinzawatene was attacked by the rebels. Malian forces managed to repel the initial attack after several hours of combat, but the city was captured by the rebels the next day. According to MNLA spokesman Hama Ag Sid'Ahmed, the separatists took control of two military camps in the city and took several military vehicles. The Malian army withdrew the garrison to Algeria, but denied defeat by referring to the move as a "strategic retreat". On March 20, Ansar Dine also claimed to have control of Tinzawatene. | wiki-intro | 0 | 34.760086 | [
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Why can't you use mechanical pencils on standardized tests? I've heard it's because of a difference in lead number, but why does that matter? Doesn't the machine just look for darkened circles? Explain like I' m five. | Short answer: you can, and you will see real times throughout college when they spring those scantrons at random times. Long answer: theoretically you could put graphite that's too light for the scantron ie an architecture student using a drafting pencil. They make it seem like the scantron has a really high threshold but actually it's low. The #2 pencil was simply chosen as the best, most reliable test taking tool. You want something that is dark, erasable, and won't smudge (easily). A #1 pencil is darker but uses softer lead that smudges more easily and mechanical pencils use a harder lighter colored lead. The tests are graded by measuring light that is transmitted (old method) or reflected (newer method allowing for double sided sheets). So long as the writing utensil you're using modifies the light enough to be picked up by the machines sensors it shoud work, however the machines are designed assuming that a #2 is being used. You can't tell by visual inspection if a mechanical pencil has #2 or some other hardness of lead in it. Standardized tests are usually very important, but because they're done in such large quantities you won't be able to hand-check your answers if the scanning goes wrong. They just want to minimize the places where things can fail. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 44.829803 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Austrothelphusa transversa'
Austrothelphusa transversa (von Martens, 1868), also known | Austrothelphusa transversa (von Martens, 1868), also known as the common southern grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper in the family Acrididae. It is found in North America.
This species has a wide distribution across the southern United States and Mexico. It is a common resident of open habitats such as grasslands, pastures, and meadows. Austrothelphusa transversa feeds on various plant species, including LEGUMINOSAE, DAIRY PLANT SPECIES, and PAPAYA SPECIES. This grasshopper is capable of travelling great distances in search of food, and its large population size allows it to occupy a significant portion of each habitat type it occupies. | wiki-intro | 1 | 15.866019 | [
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Why can animals eat raw meat without getting ill or dying while humans can't? Title Please explain like I' m five. | Animals can eat raw meat because their bodies are built to handle bacteria and parasites that may be present in raw meat. They have stronger stomach acids, which helps them to kill off any harmful bacteria that they may consume. Humans, on the other hand, are more susceptible to getting sick from bacteria and parasites that may be present in raw meat. This is why it's important for humans to cook meat thoroughly to kill off any harmful bacteria. It's also a good idea to wash your hands before and after handling raw meat, to help prevent the spread of bacteria. So, the bottom line is that animals are better equipped to handle the bacteria and parasites that may be present in raw meat, while humans are more vulnerable and need to take extra precautions to avoid getting sick. | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 1 | 6.334343 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Ensio Koivunen'
Ensio Kalevi Koivunen (June 23, 1930 – | Ensio Kalevi Koivunen (June 23, 1930 – May 27, 2003) was a Finnish serial killer who poisoned three female hitchhikers using carbon monoxide in the summer of 1971, and thereby got the nickname Häkä-Enska ("Carbon monoxide-Enska"). The missing girls
On July 11, 1971, 23-year-old Salme Helena Metsänikula (born January 28, 1948) disembarked a bus in Anjala en route from Helsinki to Turku. She was last seen in Koria before she vanished. A friend began worrying about Metsänikula when she failed to return to university. Her father traveled to Turku to look for her, but when no trace of her was found, she was declared missing. On August 17, 17-year-old Ritva Anneli Raijas (born November 27, 1953) and 16-year-old Pirjo Marjatta Laiho (born July 20, 1954) left Pitäjänmäki to visit an aunt in Hyvinkää. When they did not arrive a few days later, they were also declared as missing. Their last known location was at the Hämeenlinna bridge near Keimola on August 14. | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.073874 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Perry Hall Mansion'
The Perry Hall Mansion is a historic | The Perry Hall Mansion is a historic structure located in the area to which it gave its name, Perry Hall, Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. Erected on a hill above the Gunpowder River Valley, the mansion is an excellent example of late colonial and early 19th-century life in eastern Baltimore County. History
Construction began under Corbin Lee, who died in 1773. It was completed under Harry Dorsey Gough, a wealthy Baltimore merchant, in 1776. Gough named the estate Perry Hall, after his family's ancestral home of the same name within what is now Perry Hall Park, in Perry Barr, England, a northern suburb of Birmingham. From the 16-room mansion, Gough administered his vast plantation operation, where dozens of slaves tended cattle, various food crops, and stands of tobacco. The Perry Hall estate was so influential that maps from the period typically identify modern-day Bel Air Road (U.S. Route 1) as "Perry Hall Road" or "Gough's Road." | wiki-intro | 0 | 23.882381 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Little Dark Age'
Little Dark Age (abbreviated as LDA) is | Little Dark Age (abbreviated as LDA) is the fourth studio album by the American rock band MGMT, released on February 9, 2018 through Columbia Records. It is the band's first album of new material in nearly five years, after the release of their eponymous third studio album in September 2013. After the band concluded touring at the end of 2014, members Andrew VanWyngarden and Benjamin Goldwasser took time off for most of 2015 before regrouping at the end of the year. The album was produced by the band with Patrick Wimberly and longtime collaborator Dave Fridmann. It features songwriting collaborations, a first for MGMT, with Wimberly, Ariel Pink and MGMT live band member James Richardson. It also features contributions from Sébastien Tellier and Connan Mockasin. Little Dark Age was preceded by the release of four singles: "Little Dark Age", "When You Die", "Hand It Over", and "Me and Michael". The album received positive reviews from music critics, who saw it as a slight return to the pop style of the band's debut album, Oracular Spectacular. It peaked at #35 on the Billboard 200. Writing and recording | wiki-intro | 0 | 12.146786 | [
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Why are the Dutch and other Western Europeans so much taller than everyone else? This includes other Europeans who are tall but don't have national average heights above 6 feet. Please explain like I' m five. | Being able to travel long distances quickly and easily is a rather new technology for us humans. For millennia, people stayed roughly in the same geographical area and bred with the other people there. This led to homogeneous genetic areas, and traits that had common genes in that local gene pool got amplified over time. There is no reason to believe there is an evolutionary advantage to being tall for humans, or northern Europeans having blue eyes, but there's no disadvantage either. It just happened to turn out this way. That being said, I like to jokingly believe that the Dutch are unique in that they used lamarckian evolution to grow taller out of fear that the dikes burst open and flood their country. I think one of the main ingredients is a steady, balanced diet over a long time. Of course our genes influence how tall we can become, however without enough nutrition you still won't become very tall. A good example of this is North Korea. Apparently their army has been lowering their height requirements for their armed forces for a while now to keep their numbers up. Unless they are executing everyone taller than Kim Jong Un, it seems there simply aren't as many tall people of military age as there were before. This might be a good indicator of how well fed the people in North Korea are. It's funny that the average Dutch and German are both equally tall (which only makes sense) yet I only see people talking about the Dutch. Why? | hc3-reddit_eli5 | 0 | 22.302555 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Disciplina arcani'
Disciplina arcani (Latin for "discipline of the | Disciplina arcani (Latin for "discipline of the secret") was a custom that prevailed in the 4th and 5th centuries of Christianity, whereby knowledge of certain doctrines and rites of the Christian religion was kept from non-Christians and even from those who were undergoing instruction in the faith so that they may progressively learn the teachings of the faith and not fall to heresy due to simplistic misunderstandings (hence, doctrines were kept from catechumens, Christian converts who had not yet been baptized). Historiography
The term disciplina arcani is not ancient. It was coined by the Calvinist writer Jean Daillé in the 17th century. The concept, however, was first proposed by another Calvinist, Isaac Casaubon, in 1614 as a way of explaining the absence of certain doctrines in early Christian writings. On his view, the Church Fathers were imitating the Roman mystery religions. Daillé held that the purpose of the disciplina was to increase the reverence for the sacraments. The Catholic theologian Emmanuel Schelstrate, however, rejected Casaubon's view that it owed anything to the mystery religions. He believed it had been taught by Jesus and practiced by the Apostles. He explained the absence of references to Catholic dogma like the Mass, transubstantiation and the cult of saints by recourse to the disciplina arcani. | wiki-intro | 0 | 26.032942 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Lloyd Carter'
Lloyd Carter (born 1959) is a coach, | Lloyd Carter (born 1959) is a coach, motivational speaker and author who specializes in helping people achieve their personal goals.
Carter was born in 1959 in Tuskegee, Alabama. He graduated from Tuskegee University with a degree in business administration. He then worked as a corporate financial officer for a number of years. In 1994, he began his coaching and motivational speaking career. He is the author of "The Power of Intention" and "The Power of Focus". | wiki-intro | 1 | 9.235361 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Tiber Oil Field'
The Tiber Oil Field is a deepwater | The Tiber Oil Field is a deepwater field located in the Gulf of Sidra, off the Libyan coast. It is estimated to hold reserves of up to 8.5 billion barrels (8,500,000,000 m3), making it one of the world's largest oil fields.
The Tiber Oil Field was discovered in 2009 by a team of Italian oil companies working for Italian energy company Eni. The field is operated by Eni and its partners Libya National Oil Corporation (NOC) and Total S.A. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.161065 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Pięć Dwa'
Pięć Dwa Dębiec (52 Dębiec, Pięć Dwa, | Pięć Dwa Dębiec (52 Dębiec, Pięć Dwa, Poland) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.
The village has a population of 210.
<br>
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'The Icebergs'
The Icebergs is an 1861 oil painting | The Icebergs is an 1861 oil painting on canvas by Ferdinand Hodler. It is currently in the collection of the National Gallery in London.
The Icebergs is a painting by Swiss painter Ferdinand Hodler, completed in 1861. It is currently in the collection of the National Gallery in London. The painting was inspired by a story recounted to Hodler by a friend who had been on a voyage to Greenland. The painting shows a group of icebergs floating in the sea, with a small ship visible in the distance. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.385371 | [
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, previously Project S22 and Submarine No. | , previously Project S22 and Submarine No. 51, was the first domestically developed submarine in Japan. It was built by the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, and launched on November 10, 1951.
I-51 was the first domestically developed submarine in Japan, and was built by the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal. The submarine was launched on November 10, 1951. I-51 saw service in the Korean War, and later served in the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. The submarine was retired from active service in 1987, and is now on display at the Maritime Museum of Tokyo. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.200862 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Plains, North Lanarkshire'
Plains is a village outside the | Plains is a village outside the town of Airdrie, in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, about east of Glasgow city centre and west of Edinburgh. The nearest major towns are Airdrie and Coatbridge . The village is west of Caldercruix and the North Calder Water. The population is about 2,740. Etymology
The origin of the name "Plains" is unknown. One suggestion is that the name derives (via the plural of Plain) from the view afforded to the Cistercian Monks of Newbattle Abbey as they travelled to what is now the site of the village. These monks farmed the wider area for grain in what became known as Monklands. But the geography of the area runs contrary to this idea. Alternatively, the name may be a contraction of "The Plains of Waterloo" - a name given by a returning soldier from the Napoleonic wars. Either way, it is not uncommon for locals to refer to the village as "The Plains". | wiki-intro | 0 | 19.429537 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Rudy Autio'
Rudy Autio (October 8, 1926 – June | Rudy Autio (October 8, 1926 – June 20, 2007) was an American sculptor, best known for his figurative ceramic vessels. Rudio Autio was born Arne Rudolph Autio to a family of Finnish immigrants in Butte, Montana. As a child, he first learned to draw by taking evening classes from Works Progress Administration artists working in Butte. He served in the Navy for two years during World War II. After the war ended, he studied art at Montana State University (then Montana State College) in Bozeman, where he first met Peter Voulkos, who became a lifelong friend. Frances Senska taught both of them. Autio earned a Master of Arts degree from Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. In 1952, Autio was a founding resident artist at the Archie Bray Foundation. In 1957, Autio started the ceramics department at the University of Montana, in Missoula. He taught there for twenty-eight years and, until his death, he was retired as Professor Emeritus. | wiki-intro | 0 | 14.857846 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Goose Gossage'
Richard Michael "Goose" Gossage (born July 5, | Richard Michael "Goose" Gossage (born July 5, 1943) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, and New York Yankees. He was a two-time MLB All-Star and two-time World Series champion.
Gossage is widely considered one of the greatest pitchers in history, and he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1992. He is also a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame's Veterans Committee.
Richard Michael "Goose" Gossage was born on July 5, 1943 in Santa Monica, California. Gossage attended Mission Viejo High School before playing college baseball at UCLA.
Gossage was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the first round (fifth overall) of the 1965 MLB Draft. He made his major league debut with the Athletics on April 12, 1967 and finished his career with the Yankees in 1988.
Gossage won 211 games over his career, including 210 as a starter. He also led the majors in wild pitches twice and earned run average three times. Gossage won two Cy Young Awards (the most prestigious award in baseball) and was named an All-Star six times. He also led the American League (AL) in wins three times and strikeouts twice. In 1981, he became only the second pitcher to win 20 games and lose 20 games in the same season (the other being Don Drysdale). The 20-game win– | wiki-intro | 1 | 5.759795 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Little Britain'
Little Britain is a British sketch comedy | Little Britain is a British sketch comedy series that began as a radio show in 2000 and ran as a television series between 2003 and 2007. It was written and performed by David Walliams and Matt Lucas. Financed by the BBC, the radio series was first broadcast on BBC Radio 4, with the initial two television series premiering on BBC Three and the third and final series on BBC One. The programme consists of a series of sketches involving exaggerated parodies of British people from various walks of life. Each sketch was introduced by a voice-over narration (Tom Baker) suggesting that the programme was a guide – aimed at non-British people – to British society. Despite the narrator's description of "great British institutions", the comedy arises from the British audience's self-deprecating understanding of either themselves or of people known to them. Recurring characters included Andy Pipkin, who falsely presented himself as requiring the use of a wheelchair to gain the attention of his carer Lou Todd; Daffyd Thomas, who claims to be "the only gay in the village" despite much evidence to the contrary; and Vicky Pollard, presented as a working-class chav engaging in anti-social behaviour. | wiki-intro | 0 | 20.718546 | [
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Four ships and three shore establishments of | Four ships and three shore establishments of the Royal Navy have been named HMS St Vincent:
was an 8-gun fireship captured from the French in 1692 and sold in 1698.
was a 14-gun sloop, previously the Spanish ship San Vicente. She was captured in 1780 and was sold in 1783.
was a 120-gun first-rate ship of the line launched in 1815, on harbour service from 1841, used as a training ship from 1862, and sold in 1906.
was a launched in 1908 and sold in 1921.
was a boy/junior training establishment in Gosport from 1927 to 1969.
HMS St. Vincent was the home of the Royal Navy section of the Royal Naval Reserve's London centre, between 1983 and 1992.
was the Navy's communication centre in Whitehall from 1992 to 1998. It then became known as 'MARCOMM COMCEN (St Vincent)'. Royal Navy ship names | wiki-intro | 0 | 42.13665 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Najat Kaanache'
Najat Kaanache is the host of AMC | Najat Kaanache is the host of AMC Networks' cooking series "Cocina Marroquí" which airs on Canal Cocina in Spain and El Gourmet throughout 20 countries in Latin America. Kaanache was born and raised in San Sebastián of Spain's Basque Country. She gained fame as a lead actress on Spanish daytime television series "Goenkale" and then traveled throughout the Middle East and South America working in philanthropy to empower women and street kids. She later attended culinary school and gained fame as "The Pilgrim Chef" by blogging throughout her four years training with the world's top chefs: Ferran Adrià, René Redzepi, Thomas Keller, Grant Achatz, Heston Blumenthal and Martín Berasategui. After spending two years working as an apprentice in the kitchens at Chicago's Alinea, Napa's The French Laundry, New York's Per Se (restaurant), and Copenhagen's Noma Kaanache went on to achieve the auspicious Executive and Creative Haute Cuisine Certification after completing her apprenticeship during the final two seasons at Spain's El Bulli. Ferran Adrià stated to the Maghreb Arabe Presse that "Najat Kaanache represents the soul of Morocco through the language of the kitchen. Her passion for creativity and innovation should be a reference for the country." After El Bulli's historic closure, Kaanache traveled extensively to instruct chefs across the globe in the latest gastronomic techniques and taught and lectured alongside White House Executive Pastry Chef, Bill Yosses on the science of cooking at Harvard University (pictured), New York University and at the 2013 World Science Festival in NYC (pictured) and 2013 Beijing Science Festival in China. | wiki-intro | 0 | 36.743057 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Wilmington Historic District'
The Wilmington Historic District is a national | The Wilmington Historic District is a national historic district located in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It encompasses 10 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in the central business district of Wilmington. The buildings are primarily residential, commercial, and institutional buildings from the late-19th century to the early-20th century. The contributing site is a small parcel of land on which is located the Wilmington Branch of the Delaware State Library.
The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. | wiki-intro | 1 | 6.595356 | [
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200 word wikipedia style introduction on 'Richard Denton (producer)'
Richard Denton is a British television producer. | Richard Denton is a British television producer. Currently the Series Producer of the returning strand SHAKESPEARE UNCOVERED which is building to be 18 films as Prefaces to Shakespeare in TV Documentary format. He was perhaps previously best known for his Gorbachov era BBC documentary series Comrades. Documentaries
Public School - a BBC television film series (made in 1979; transmitted in 1980) about Radley College, an independent boarding school for boys in Oxfordshire.
Kingswood: A Comprehensive School - a BBC television series (made in 1980/81 and transmitted in 1982) about The Kingswood School, a typical Northamptonshire comprehensive school.
Atheism: A Rough History of Disbelief presented by Jonathan Miller - Famous Quotations narrated by Bernard Hill.
Did Jesus Die? - a documentary including material on Jesus in India theories and the Roza Bal shrine. Narrated by Bernard Hill
"Papa Wojtyla" A three part biographical BBC series on Pope John Paul II including the first ever TV interview with any Pope
"Caviar & Cornflakes". BBC film about British Journalists (Patrick Cockburn) and Diplomats in Moscow at the time of Chernobyl accident
"Born in the USSR" BBC film about the return of Vladimir Ashkenazy the pianist and conductor for his first visit after his Defection from the Soviet Union
"Miss USSR" international documentary for PBS and BBC about the first ever Soviet Union Beauty Pageant
"Madness" a five part series presented by Jonathan Miller for BBC
"The Real John Lennon" A Channel Four biographical documentary
"Cilla: in Black and White." A Channel Four biographical documentary
"Sex Slaves in the Cellar" Channel Five .
"Shakespeare Uncovered" an ongoing celebrity led series of documentaries for PBS on individual Shakespeare plays | wiki-intro | 0 | 45.373459 | [
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