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[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the way medicine is learned, taught, and practiced, and medical education must prepare learners for these inevitable changes.", "Academic medicine has, however, been slow to embrace recent AI advances.", "Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has emerged as a fast and user-friendly large language model that can assist health care professionals, medical educators, students, trainees, and patients.", "While many studies focus on the technology's capabilities, potential, and risks, there is a gap in studying the perspective of end users.", "The aim of this study was to gauge the experiences and perspectives of graduating medical students on ChatGPT and AI in their training and future careers.", "A cross-sectional web-based survey of recently graduated medical students was conducted in an international academic medical center between May 5, 2023, and June 13, 2023.", "Descriptive statistics were used to tabulate variable frequencies.", "Of 325 applicants to the residency programs, 265 completed the survey (an 81.5% response rate).", "The vast majority of respondents denied using ChatGPT in medical school, with 20.4% (n=54) using it to help complete written assessments and only 9.4% using the technology in their clinical work (n=25).", "More students planned to use it during residency, primarily for exploring new medical topics and research (n=168, 63.4%) and exam preparation (n=151, 57%).", "Male students were significantly more likely to believe that AI will improve diagnostic accuracy (n=47, 51.7% vs n=69, 39.7%; P=.001), reduce medical error (n=53, 58.2% vs n=71, 40.8%; P=.002), and improve patient care (n=60, 65.9% vs n=95, 54.6%; P=.007).", "Previous experience with AI was significantly associated with positive AI perception in terms of improving patient care, decreasing medical errors and misdiagnoses, and increasing the accuracy of diagnoses (P=.001, P<.001, P=.008, respectively).", "The surveyed medical students had minimal formal and informal experience with AI tools and limited perceptions of the potential uses of AI in health care but had overall positive views of ChatGPT and AI and were optimistic about the future of AI in medical education and health care.", "Structured curricula and formal policies and guidelines are needed to adequately prepare medical learners for the forthcoming integration of AI in medicine." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform preoperative planning for breast reconstruction by enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of radiology reporting through automatic interpretation and perforator identification.", "Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced significantly in medicine.", "This study aimed to evaluate the proficiency of contemporary LLMs in interpreting computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans for deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap preoperative planning.", "Four prominent LLMs, ChatGPT-4, BARD, Perplexity, and BingAI, answered six questions on CTA scan reporting.", "A panel of expert plastic surgeons with extensive experience in breast reconstruction assessed the responses using a Likert scale.", "In contrast, the responses' readability was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease score, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade level, and the Coleman-Liau Index.", "The DISCERN score was utilized to determine the responses' suitability.", "Statistical significance was identified through a t-test, and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.", "BingAI provided the most accurate and useful responses to prompts, followed by Perplexity, ChatGPT, and then BARD.", "BingAI had the greatest Flesh Reading Ease (34.7±5.5) and DISCERN (60.5±3.9) scores.", "Perplexity had higher Flesch-Kincaid Grade level (20.5±2.7) and Coleman-Liau Index (17.8±1.6) scores than other LLMs.", "LLMs exhibit limitations in their capabilities of reporting CTA for preoperative planning of breast reconstruction, yet the rapid advancements in technology hint at a promising future.", "AI stands poised to enhance the education of CTA reporting and aid preoperative planning.", "In the future, AI technology could provide automatic CTA interpretation, enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of CTA reports." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad term that is widely used but inconsistently understood.", "It refers to the ability of any machine to exhibit human-like intelligence by making decisions, solving problems, or learning from experience.", "With its ability to rapidly process large amounts of information, AI has already transformed many industries such as entertainment, transportation, and communications through consumer-facing products and business-to-business applications.", "Given its potential, AI is also anticipated to impact the practice of medicine and the delivery of health care.", "Interest in AI-based techniques has grown rapidly within the orthopaedic community, resulting in an increasing number of publications on this topic.", "Topics of interest have ranged from the use of AI for imaging interpretation to AI-based techniques for predicting postoperative outcomes.The highly technical and data-driven nature of orthopaedic surgery creates the potential for AI, and its subdisciplines machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), to fundamentally transform our understanding of musculoskeletal care.", "However, AI-based techniques are not well known to most orthopaedic surgeons, nor are they taught with the same level of insight and critical thinking as traditional statistical methodology.", "With a clear understanding of the science behind AI-based techniques, orthopaedic surgeons will be able to identify the potential pitfalls of the application of AI to musculoskeletal health.", "Additionally, with increased understanding of AI, surgeons and their patients may have more trust in the results of AI-based analytics, thereby expanding the potential use of AI in clinical care and amplifying the impact it could have in improving quality and value.", "The purpose of this American Orthopaedic Association (AOA) symposium was to facilitate understanding and development of AI and AI-based techniques within orthopaedic surgery by defining common terminology related to AI, demonstrating the existing clinical utility of AI, and presenting future applications of AI in surgical care." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important in healthcare.", "It is therefore crucial that today's medical students have certain basic AI skills that enable them to use AI applications successfully.", "These basic skills are often referred to as \"AI literacy\".", "Previous research projects that aimed to investigate medical students' AI literacy and attitudes towards AI have not used reliable and validated assessment instruments.", "We used two validated self-assessment scales to measure AI literacy (31 Likert-type items) and attitudes towards AI (5 Likert-type items) at two German medical schools.", "The scales were distributed to the medical students through an online questionnaire.", "The final sample consisted of a total of 377 medical students.", "We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis and calculated the internal consistency of the scales to check whether the scales were sufficiently reliable to be used in our sample.", "In addition, we calculated t-tests to determine group differences and Pearson's and Kendall's correlation coefficients to examine associations between individual variables.", "The model fit and internal consistency of the scales were satisfactory.", "Within the concept of AI literacy, we found that medical students at both medical schools rated their technical understanding of AI significantly lower (MMS1 = 2.85 and MMS2 = 2.50) than their ability to critically appraise (MMS1 = 4.99 and MMS2 = 4.83) or practically use AI (MMS1 = 4.52 and MMS2 = 4.32), which reveals a discrepancy of skills.", "In addition, female medical students rated their overall AI literacy significantly lower than male medical students, t(217.96) = -3.65, p <.001.", "Students in both samples seemed to be more accepting of AI than fearful of the technology, t(745.42) = 11.72, p <.001.", "Furthermore, we discovered a strong positive correlation between AI literacy and positive attitudes towards AI and a weak negative correlation between AI literacy and negative attitudes.", "Finally, we found that prior AI education and interest in AI is positively correlated with medical students' AI literacy.", "Courses to increase the AI literacy of medical students should focus more on technical aspects.", "There also appears to be a correlation between AI literacy and attitudes towards AI, which should be considered when planning AI courses." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually transforming the practises of healthcare providers.", "Over the last two decades, the advent of AI into numerous aspects of pathology has opened transformative possibilities in how we practise laboratory medicine.", "Objectives of this study were to explore how AI could impact the clinical practices of professionals working in Clinical Chemistry laboratories, while also identifying effective strategies in medical education to facilitate the required changes.", "From March to August 2022, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted at the Section of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, in collaboration with Keele University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.", "Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information from diverse group of professionals working in Clinical Chemistry laboratories.", "All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.", "They were asked what changes AI would involve in the laboratory, what resources would be necessary, and how medical education would assist them in adapting to the change.", "A content analysis was conducted, resulting in the development of codes and themes based on the analyzed data.", "The interviews were analysed to identify three primary themes: perspectives and considerations for AI adoption, educational and curriculum adjustments, and implementation techniques.", "Although the use of diagnostic algorithms is currently limited in Pakistani Clinical Chemistry laboratories, the application of AI is expanding.", "All thirteen participants stated their reasons for being hesitant to use AI.", "Participants stressed the importance of critical aspects for effective AI deployment, the need of a collaborative integrative approach, and the need for constant horizon scanning to keep up with AI developments.", "Three primary themes related to AI adoption were identified: perspectives and considerations, educational and curriculum adjustments, and implementation techniques.", "The study's findings give a sound foundation for making suggestions to clinical laboratories, scientific bodies, and national and international Clinical Chemistry and laboratory medicine organisations on how to manage pathologists' shifting practises because of AI." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) is the process by which it is possible to program computers to mimic human thoughts.", "AI and its subsets machine learning and deep learning have been developed to analyze complicated data gathered from many sources using algorithms built into decision support systems.", "It has been widely used in the field of dentistry.", "The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of AI among dental students and dentists.", "The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional online survey that was carried out among dentists and dental students in South India.", "A self-structured, close-ended questionnaire that was administered that consisted of 25 questions was included.", "The questions were circulated through Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States), and it was circulated among the study participants through online mode.", "The data were collected systematically, and SPSS Statistics version 22.0 (IBM Corp.", "Released 2013.", "IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0.", "Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was used for data analysis.", "One thousand (595 dental surgeons and 405 dental students) participated in the study through Google Forms.", "Among these, 700 (70%) were females and 300 (30%) were males.", "In the study group, 635 (63.5%) were aware of AI, and 365 (36.5%) were not aware (p-value 0.000).", "Among the 21 questions used to assess the KAP, 14 questions were significant with a p-value less than 0.05.", "More than 60% agreed that the dental curriculum has to be updated with AI.", "About 269 (26.9%) agreed that AI will replace the role of dentists in the future.", "There were no significant results in comparing dental surgeons and dental students.", "The present study showed that the KAP among dental surgeons and dental students was the same.", "They believe that the dental curriculum has to be updated with AI.", "This study shows that there is a lack of knowledge about deep learning models and websites used for AI among dentists.", "Thus, it is necessary to include evidence-based teaching and training about the application of AI in dental practice to improve the future of dentistry." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the mental health care environment.", "AI tools are increasingly accessed by clients and service users.", "Mental health professionals must be prepared not only to use AI but also to have conversations about it when delivering care.", "Despite the potential for AI to enable more efficient and reliable and higher-quality care delivery, there is a persistent gap among mental health professionals in the adoption of AI.", "A needs assessment was conducted among mental health professionals to (1) understand the learning needs of the workforce and their attitudes toward AI and (2) inform the development of AI education curricula and knowledge translation products.", "A qualitative descriptive approach was taken to explore the needs of mental health professionals regarding their adoption of AI through semistructured interviews.", "To reach maximum variation sampling, mental health professionals (eg, psychiatrists, mental health nurses, educators, scientists, and social workers) in various settings across Ontario (eg, urban and rural, public and private sector, and clinical and research) were recruited.", "A total of 20 individuals were recruited.", "Participants included practitioners (9/20, 45% social workers and 1/20, 5% mental health nurses), educator scientists (5/20, 25% with dual roles as professors/lecturers and researchers), and practitioner scientists (3/20, 15% with dual roles as researchers and psychiatrists and 2/20, 10% with dual roles as researchers and mental health nurses).", "Four major themes emerged: (1) fostering practice change and building self-efficacy to integrate AI into patient care; (2) promoting system-level change to accelerate the adoption of AI in mental health; (3) addressing the importance of organizational readiness as a catalyst for AI adoption; and (4) ensuring that mental health professionals have the education, knowledge, and skills to harness AI in optimizing patient care.", "AI technologies are starting to emerge in mental health care.", "Although many digital tools, web-based services, and mobile apps are designed using AI algorithms, mental health professionals have generally been slower in the adoption of AI.", "As indicated by this study's findings, the implications are 3-fold.", "At the individual level, digital professionals must see the value in digitally compassionate tools that retain a humanistic approach to care.", "For mental health professionals, resistance toward AI adoption must be acknowledged through educational initiatives to raise awareness about the relevance, practicality, and benefits of AI.", "At the organizational level, digital professionals and leaders must collaborate on governance and funding structures to promote employee buy-in.", "At the societal level, digital and mental health professionals should collaborate in the creation of formal AI training programs specific to mental health to address knowledge gaps.", "This study promotes the design of relevant and sustainable education programs to support the adoption of AI within the mental health care sphere." ]

[ "Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an important role in many fields, including medical education, practice, and research.", "Many medical educators started using ChatGPT at the end of 2022 for many purposes.", "The aim of this study was to explore the potential uses, benefits, and risks of using ChatGPT in education modules on integrated pharmacotherapy of infectious disease.", "A content analysis was conducted to investigate the applications of ChatGPT in education modules on integrated pharmacotherapy of infectious disease.", "Questions pertaining to curriculum development, syllabus design, lecture note preparation, and examination construction were posed during data collection.", "Three experienced professors rated the appropriateness and precision of the answers provided by ChatGPT.", "The consensus rating was considered.", "The professors also discussed the prospective applications, benefits, and risks of ChatGPT in this educational setting.", "ChatGPT demonstrated the ability to contribute to various aspects of curriculum design, with ratings ranging from 50% to 92% for appropriateness and accuracy.", "However, there were limitations and risks associated with its use, including incomplete syllabi, the absence of essential learning objectives, and the inability to design valid questionnaires and qualitative studies.", "It was suggested that educators use ChatGPT as a resource rather than relying primarily on its output.", "There are recommendations for effectively incorporating ChatGPT into the curriculum of the education modules on integrated pharmacotherapy of infectious disease.", "Medical and health sciences educators can use ChatGPT as a guide in many aspects related to the development of the curriculum of the education modules on integrated pharmacotherapy of infectious disease, syllabus design, lecture notes preparation, and examination preparation with caution." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) proves decisive in today's rapidly developing society and is a motive force for the evolution of financial technology.", "As a subdivision of artificial intelligence research, machine learning (ML) algorithm is extensively used in all aspects of the daily operation and development of the supply chain.", "Using data mining, deductive reasoning, and other characteristics of machine learning algorithms can effectively help decision-makers of enterprises to make more scientific and reasonable decisions by using the existing financial index data.", "At present, globalization uncertainties such as COVID-19 are intensifying, and supply chain enterprises are facing bankruptcy risk.", "In the operation process, practical tools are needed to identify and opportunely respond to the threat in the supply chain operation promptly, predict the probability of business failure of enterprises, and take scientific and feasible measures to prevent a financial crisis in good season.", "Artificial intelligence decision-making technology can help traditional supply chains to transform into intelligent supply chains, realize smart management, and promote supply chain transformation and upgrading.", "By applying machine learning algorithms, the supply chain can not only identify potential risks in time and adopt scientific and feasible measures to deal with the crisis but also strengthen the connection and cooperation between different enterprises with the advantage of advanced technology to provide overall operation efficiency.", "On account of this, the paper puts forward an artificial intelligence-based corporate financial-risk-prevention (FRP) model, which includes four stages: data preprocessing, feature selection, feature classification, and parameter adjustment.", "Firstly, relevant financial index data are collected, and the quality of the selected data is raised through preprocessing; secondly, the chaotic grasshopper optimization algorithm (CGOA) is used to simulate the behavior of grasshoppers in nature to build a mathematical model, and the selected data sets are selected and optimized for features.", "Then, the support vector machine (SVM) performs classification processing on the quantitative data with reduced features.", "Empirical risk is calculated using the hinge loss function, and a regular operation is added to optimize the risk structure.", "Finally, slime mould algorithm (SMA) can optimize the process to improve the efficiency of SVM, making the algorithm more accurate and effective.", "In this study, Python is used to simulate the function of the corporate business finance risk prevention model.", "The experimental results show that the CGOA-SVM-SMA algorithm proposed in this paper achieves good results.", "After calculation, it is found that the prediction and decision-making capabilities are good and better than other comparative models, which can effectively help supply chain enterprises to prevent financial risks." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) today is very successful at standard pattern-recognition tasks due to the availability of large amounts of data and advances in statistical data-driven machine learning.", "However, there is still a large gap between AI pattern recognition and human-level concept learning.", "Humans can learn amazingly well even under uncertainty from just a few examples and are capable of generalizing these concepts to solve new conceptual problems.", "The growing interest in explainable machine intelligence requires experimental environments and diagnostic/benchmark datasets to analyze existing approaches and drive progress in pattern analysis and machine intelligence.", "In this paper, we provide an overview of current AI solutions for benchmarking concept learning, reasoning, and generalization; discuss the state-of-the-art of existing diagnostic/benchmark datasets (such as CLEVR, CLEVRER, CLOSURE, CURI, Bongard-LOGO, V-PROM, RAVEN, Kandinsky Patterns, CLEVR-Humans, CLEVRER-Humans, and their extension containing human language); and provide an outlook of some future research directions in this exciting research domain." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are designed to create or generate content from their trained parameters using an online conversational interface.", "AI has opened new avenues in redefining the role boundaries of teachers and learners and has the potential to impact the teaching-learning process.", "In this descriptive proof-of- concept cross-sectional study we have explored the application of three generative AI tools on drug treatment of hypertension theme to generate: (1) specific learning outcomes (SLOs); (2) test items (MCQs- A type and case cluster; SAQs; OSPE); (3) test standard-setting parameters for medical students.", "Analysis of AI-generated output showed profound homology but divergence in quality and responsiveness to refining search queries.", "The SLOs identified key domains of antihypertensive pharmacology and therapeutics relevant to stages of the medical program, stated with appropriate action verbs as per Bloom's taxonomy.", "Test items often had clinical vignettes aligned with the key domain stated in search queries.", "Some test items related to A-type MCQs had construction defects, multiple correct answers, and dubious appropriateness to the learner's stage.", "ChatGPT generated explanations for test items, this enhancing usefulness to support self-study by learners.", "Integrated case-cluster items had focused clinical case description vignettes, integration across disciplines, and targeted higher levels of competencies.", "The response of AI tools on standard-setting varied.", "Individual questions for each SAQ clinical scenario were mostly open-ended.", "The AI-generated OSPE test items were appropriate for the learner's stage and identified relevant pharmacotherapeutic issues.", "The model answers supplied for both SAQs and OSPEs can aid course instructors in planning classroom lessons, identifying suitable instructional methods, establishing rubrics for grading, and for learners as a study guide.", "Key lessons learnt for improving AI-generated test item quality are outlined.", "AI tools are useful adjuncts to plan instructional methods, identify themes for test blueprinting, generate test items, and guide test standard-setting appropriate to learners' stage in the medical program.", "However, experts need to review the content validity of AI-generated output.", "We expect AIs to influence the medical education landscape to empower learners, and to align competencies with curriculum implementation.", "AI literacy is an essential competency for health professionals." ]

[ "Artificial Intelligence (AI), and specifically ChatGPT, has shown potential in healthcare, yet its performance in specialized medical examinations such as the Orthopaedic Surgery In-Training Examination and European Board Hand Surgery diploma has been inconsistent.", "This study aims to evaluate the capability of ChatGPT-4 to pass the American Hand Surgery Certifying Examination.", "ChatGPT-4 was tested on the 2019 American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) Self-Assessment Exam.", "All 200 questions available online (https://onlinecme.assh.org) were retrieved.", "All media-containing questions were flagged and carefully reviewed.", "Eight media-containing questions were excluded as they either relied purely on videos or could not be rationalized from the presented information.", "Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the performance (% correct) of ChatGPT-4.", "The ASSH report was used to compare ChatGPT-4's performance to that of the 322 physicians who completed the 2019 ASSH self-assessment.", "ChatGPT-4 answered 192 questions with an overall score of 61.98%.", "Performance on media-containing questions was 55.56%, while on non-media questions it was 65.83%, with no statistical difference in performance based on media inclusion.", "Despite scoring below the average physician's performance, ChatGPT-4 outperformed in the 'vascular' section with 81.82%.", "Its performance was lower in the 'bone and joint' (48.54%) and 'neuromuscular' (56.25%) sections.", "ChatGPT-4 achieved a good overall score of 61.98%.", "This AI language model demonstrates significant capability in processing and answering specialized medical examination questions, albeit with room for improvement in areas requiring complex clinical judgment and nuanced interpretation.", "ChatGPT-4's proficiency is influenced by the structure and language of the examination, with no replacement for the depth of trained medical specialists.", "This study underscores the supportive role of AI in medical education and clinical decision-making while highlighting the current limitations in nuanced fields such as hand surgery." ]

[ "Artificial Intelligence (AI), as an academic discipline, is traceable to the mid-1950s but it is currently exploding in applications with successes and concerns.", "AI can be defined as intelligence demonstrated by computers, with intelligence difficult to define but it must include concepts of ability to learn, reason, and generalize from a vast amount of information and, we propose, to infer meaning.", "The type of AI known as general AI, has strong, but unrealized potential both for assessing and also for solving major problems with the scientific theory of Darwinian evolution, including its modern variants and for origin of life studies.", "Specifically, AI should be applied first to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the assumptions and empirical information underpinning theories of the origin of life and probability of its evolution.", "AI should then be applied to assess the scientific validity of the theory of how abundant life came to be on earth." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI), more specifically large language models (LLMs), holds significant potential in revolutionizing emergency care delivery by optimizing clinical workflows and enhancing the quality of decision-making.", "Although enthusiasm for integrating LLMs into emergency medicine (EM) is growing, the existing literature is characterized by a disparate collection of individual studies, conceptual analyses, and preliminary implementations.", "Given these complexities and gaps in understanding, a cohesive framework is needed to comprehend the existing body of knowledge on the application of LLMs in EM.", "Given the absence of a comprehensive framework for exploring the roles of LLMs in EM, this scoping review aims to systematically map the existing literature on LLMs' potential applications within EM and identify directions for future research.", "Addressing this gap will allow for informed advancements in the field.", "Using PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) criteria, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for papers published between January 2018 and August 2023 that discussed LLMs' use in EM.", "We excluded other forms of AI.", "A total of 1994 unique titles and abstracts were screened, and each full-text paper was independently reviewed by 2 authors.", "Data were abstracted independently, and 5 authors performed a collaborative quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the data.", "A total of 43 papers were included.", "Studies were predominantly from 2022 to 2023 and conducted in the United States and China.", "We uncovered four major themes: (1) clinical decision-making and support was highlighted as a pivotal area, with LLMs playing a substantial role in enhancing patient care, notably through their application in real-time triage, allowing early recognition of patient urgency; (2) efficiency, workflow, and information management demonstrated the capacity of LLMs to significantly boost operational efficiency, particularly through the automation of patient record synthesis, which could reduce administrative burden and enhance patient-centric care; (3) risks, ethics, and transparency were identified as areas of concern, especially regarding the reliability of LLMs' outputs, and specific studies highlighted the challenges of ensuring unbiased decision-making amidst potentially flawed training data sets, stressing the importance of thorough validation and ethical oversight; and (4) education and communication possibilities included LLMs' capacity to enrich medical training, such as through using simulated patient interactions that enhance communication skills.", "LLMs have the potential to fundamentally transform EM, enhancing clinical decision-making, optimizing workflows, and improving patient outcomes.", "This review sets the stage for future advancements by identifying key research areas: prospective validation of LLM applications, establishing standards for responsible use, understanding provider and patient perceptions, and improving physicians' AI literacy.", "Effective integration of LLMs into EM will require collaborative efforts and thorough evaluation to ensure these technologies can be safely and effectively applied." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT, is becoming more and more prevalent in the healthcare field for tasks such as disease diagnosis and medical record analysis.", "The objective of this study is to evaluate the proficiency and accuracy of ChatGPT in different domains of clinical pharmacy cases and queries.", "The study NAPLEX® Review Questions, 4th edition, pertaining to 10 different chronic conditions compared ChatGPT's responses to pharmacotherapy cases and questions obtained from McGraw Hill's, alongside the answers provided by the book's authors.", "The proportion of correct responses was collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29.", "When tested in English, ChatGPT had substantially higher mean scores than when tested in Turkish.", "The average accurate score for English and Turkish was 0.41 ± 0.49 and 0.32 ± 0.46, respectively, p = 0.18.", "Responses to queries beginning with \"Which of the following is correct?\"", "are considerably more precise than those beginning with \"Mark all the incorrect answers?\"", "0.66 ± 0.47 as opposed to 0.16 ± 0.36; p = 0.01 in English language and 0.50 ± 0.50 as opposed to 0.14 ± 0.34; p < 0.05in Turkish language.", "ChatGPT displayed a moderate level of accuracy while responding to English inquiries, but it displayed a slight level of accuracy when responding to Turkish inquiries, contingent upon the question format.", "Improving the accuracy of ChatGPT in languages other than English requires the incorporation of several components.", "The integration of the English version of ChatGPT into clinical practice has the potential to improve the effectiveness, precision, and standard of patient care provision by supplementing personal expertise and professional judgment.", "However, it is crucial to utilize technology as an adjunct and not a replacement for human decision-making and critical thinking." ]

[ "Artificial Intelligence has proven to be effective in radiomics.", "The main problem in using Artificial Intelligence is that researchers and practitioners are not able to know how the predictions are generated.", "This is currently an open issue because results' explainability is advantageous in understanding the reasoning behind the model, both for patients than for implementing a feedback mechanism for medical specialists using decision support systems.", "Addressing transparency issues related to the Artificial Intelligence field, the innovative technique of Formal methods use a mathematical logic reasoning to produce an automatic, quick and reliable diagnosis.", "In this paper we analyze results given by the adoption of Formal methods for the diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease: specifically, we want to analyse and understand, in a more medical way, the meaning of some radiomic features to connect them with clinical or radiological evidences.", "In particular, the usage of Formal methods allows the authors to do statistical analysis on the feature value distributions, to do pattern recognition on disease models, to generalize the model of a disease and to reach high performances of results and interpretation of them.", "A further step for explainability can be accounted by the localization and selection of the most important slices in a multi-slice approach.", "In conclusion, we confirmed the clinical significance of some First order features as Skewness and Kurtosis.", "On the other hand, we suggest to decline the use of the Minimum feature because of its intrinsic connection with the Computational Tomography exam of the lung." ]

[ "Artificial intelligence technologies are one of the most important technologies of today.", "Developments in artificial intelligence technologies have widespread and increased the use of artificial intelligence in many areas.", "The field of health is also one of the areas where artificial intelligence technologies are widely used.", "For this reason, it is considered important that healthcare professionals be prepared for artificial intelligence and do not experience problems while training them.", "In this study, midwife and nurse candidates, as future healthcare professionals, were discussed.", "This study aims to examine the effect of the artificial intelligence readiness on the artificial intelligence anxiety and the effect of artificial intelligence characteristic variables (artificial intelligence knowledge, daily life, occupational threat, artificial intelligence trust) on the medical artificial intelligence readiness and artificial intelligence anxiety of students.", "This study was planned and carried out as a relational survey study, which is a quantitative research.", "A total of 480 students, consisting of 240 nursing and 240 midwifery students, were included in this study.", "SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26 package programs were used to analyse the data and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and path analysis for the structural equation model were used.", "No significant difference was found between the medical artificial intelligence readiness (p=0.082) and artificial intelligence anxiety (p=0.486) scores of midwifery and nursing students.", "The model of the relationship between medical artificial intelligence readiness and artificial intelligence anxiety had a good goodness of fit.", "Artificial intelligence knowledge and using artificial intelligence in daily life are predictors of medical artificial intelligence readiness.", "Using artificial intelligence in daily life, occupational threat and artificial intelligence trust are predictors of artificial intelligence anxiety.", "Midwifery and nursing students' AI anxiety and AI readiness levels were found to be at a moderate level and students' AI readiness affected AI anxiety." ]

[ "Artificial neural networks offer a viable route in assessing and understanding the presence and concentration of heavy metals that can cause dangerous complications in the wider context of water quality prediction for the sustainability of the ecosystem.", "In order to estimate the heavy metal concentrations in Iznik Lake, which is an important water source for the surrounding communities, characterization data were taken from five different water sources flowing into the lake between 2015 and 2021.", "These characterization results were evaluated with IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software, with the addition of the lake water quality system.", "For this purpose, seven distinct physicochemical parameters were measured and monitored in Karasu, Kırandere, Olukdere and Sölöz water sources flowing into the lake, to serve as input data.", "Concentration levels of 15 distinct heavy metals in Karsak Stream originating from the lake were as the output.", "Specifically, Sn for Karasu (0.999), Sb for Kırandere (1.000), Cr for Olukdere (1.000) and Pb and Se for Sölöz (0.995) indicate parameter estimation R2 coefficients close to 1.000.", "Sn stands out as the common heavy metal parameter with best estimation prospects.", "Given the importance of the independent variable in estimating heavy metal pollution, conductivity, COD, COD and temperature stood out as the most effective parameters for Karasu, Olukdere, Kırandere and Sölöz, respectively.", "The ANN model emerges as a good prediction tool that can be used effectively in determining the heavy metal pollution in the lake as part of the efforts to protect the water budget of Lake Iznik and to eliminate the existing pollution." ]

[ "Artificially intelligent robots as teachers (AI teachers) have attracted extensive attention due to their potential to relieve the challenge of global teacher shortage and realize universal elementary education by 2030.", "Despite mass production of service robots and discussions about their educational applications, the study of full-fledged AI teachers and children's attitudes towards them is quite preliminary.", "Here, we report a new AI teacher and an integrated model to assess how pupils accept and use it.", "Participants included students from Chinese elementary schools via convenience sampling.", "Questionnaires (n = 665), descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling based on software SPSS Statistics 23.0 and Amos 26.0 were carried out in data collection and analysis.", "This study first developed an AI teacher by coding a lesson design, course contents and Power Point with script language.", "Based on the popular Technology Acceptance Model and Task-Technology Fit Theory, this study identified key determinants of the acceptance, including robot use anxiety (RUA), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and robot instructional task difficulty (RITD).", "Moreover, this study found that pupils' attitudes towards the AI teacher, which could be predicted by PU, PEOU and RITD, were generally positive.", "It is also found that the relationship between RITD and acceptance was mediated by RUA, PEOU and PU.", "This study holds significance for stakeholders to develop independent AI teachers for students." ]

[ "Arts and Humanities (A/H) training is a powerful strategy to help medical students develop key competencies which align with the CanMEDS roles that Canadian physicians are expected to embody.", "Students with backgrounds in A/H may enter medical school with the skills and dispositions that A/H training provides.", "This paper explores the varied experiences of medical students with prior A/H backgrounds, with an emphasis on how they navigate relationships with their student cohorts and participate in undergraduate medical training environments.", "Descriptive qualitative research methodology was used to conduct and analyze semi-structured interviews exploring the perspectives of Canadian medical students with either a A/H degree or training in A/H (n = 13).", "Domains such as identity, integration of interests, and challenges in maintaining A/H interests during medical training were explored.", "Participants described their A/H identity as intertwined with their identity as medical trainees and described their sense of interconnection between the disciplines.", "Challenges included imposter syndrome and difficulties in relating with peers from science backgrounds.", "Participants described returning to their A/H interests as a tool for wellness amidst medical training.", "Medical students with a background in A/H training describe this background as offering both affordances and challenges for their sense of identity, belonging, and wellness.", "These students offer an untapped resource: they come with dispositions of value to medicine, and they perceive a positive, hidden A/H curriculum that supports their maintenance of these dispositions during training.", "Understanding more about these hidden treasures could help foster the development of well-rounded and humanistic physicians in the entire medical class." ]

[ "As a chronic disease, diabetes needs special self-care behaviors until the end of life.", "Personality traits are considered to be effective psychological factors in controlling diabetes and self-care in patients with diabetes.", "The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality profile and self-care among people with type 2 diabetes.", "In this descriptive-correlational study conducted in 2021, 160 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Educational and Medical Center in Ardabil were selected by convenience sampling method.", "The data collection tools included the Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire (SDSCA) and the short form of the Millon Multi-Axis Clinical Test (MCMI-3), which were completed through interviews with patients.", "Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics (mean, SD, and frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression).", "Based on the results, apart from the obsessive personality disorder, which had a positive relationship with self-care behaviors, a significant negative correlation was observed between schizoid, avoidant, depressed, dependent, antisocial, self-harming, borderline, and paranoid personality disorders with self-care behaviors (p < 0.01).", "The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between personality profile and self-care status of patients with type 2 diabetes.", "In other words, a person's personality profile can predict self-care behaviors.", "Accordingly, personality traits can be considered as one of the influencing factors on self-care in the educational programs of diabetic patients.", "Holding educational classes to empower patients using psychological interventions and teaching effective solutions can be an effective step toward increasing the level of mental-physical health and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes." ]

[ "As a descriptive-inferential study, this research aimed at revealing the relationship between music training and academic development with the Chinese middle school students' academic performance of mathematics and physics skills.", "The participants of this study consisted of the students from two different middle schools located at two cities in Shandong province, China.", "From each school 250 students were selected, and the statistics was used to analyze both the academic performance of the students and the data obtained from the scale designed by the authors.", "The research results show that the non-music students outperformed music students on both mathematics and physics development.", "In addition, music training did not contribute to the academic achievement independently but rather integrated with several factors like parents' education and out-of-school engagement.", "The findings suggest the positive influence on non-musical cognitive learning, and it has potential implications for the Chinese middle school education." ]

[ "As a high-risk subindustry involved in construction projects, highway construction safety has experienced major developments in the past 20 years, mainly due to the lack of safe early warnings in Chinese construction projects.", "By combining the current state of early warning technology with the requirements of the State Administration of Work Safety and using case-based reasoning (CBR), this paper expounds on the concept and flow of highway construction safety early warnings based on CBR.", "The present study provides solutions to three key issues, index selection, accident cause association analysis, and warning degree forecasting implementation, through the use of association rule mining, support vector machine classifiers, and variable fuzzy qualitative and quantitative change criterion modes, which fully cover the needs of safe early warning systems.", "Using a detailed description of the principles and advantages of each method and by proving the methods' effectiveness and ability to act together in safe early warning applications, effective means and intelligent technology for a safe highway construction early warning system are established." ]

[ "As a response to the criticisms evidence-based practice currently faces, groups of health care researchers and guideline makers have started to call for the appraisal and inclusion of different kinds of knowledge in guideline production (other than randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) to better link with the informal knowledge used in clinical practice.", "In an ethnographic study, Gabbay and Le May showed that clinicians in everyday practice situations do not explicitly or consciously use guidelines.", "Instead, they use mindlines: collectively shared, mostly tacit knowledge that is shaped by many sources, including accumulated personal experiences, education (formal and informal), guidance, and the narratives about patients that are shared among colleagues.", "In this study on informal knowledge, we consider virtual networks of clinicians as representative of the mindlines in the wider medical community, as holders of knowledge, as well as catalysts of knowing.", "The aim of this study was to explore how informal knowledge and its creation in communities of clinicians can be characterized as opposed to the more structured knowledge produced in guideline development.", "This study included a qualitative study of postings on three large virtual networks for physicians in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Norway, taking the topic of statins as a case study and covering more than 1400 posts.", "Data were analyzed thematically with reference to theories of collaborative knowledge construction and communities of practice.", "The dataset showed very few postings referring to, or seeking to adhere to, explicit guidance and recommendations.", "Participants presented many instances of individual case narratives that highlighted quantitative test results and clinical examination findings.", "There was an emphasis on outliers and the material, regulatory, and practical constraints on knowledge use by clinicians.", "Participants conveyed not-so-explicit knowledge as tacit and practical knowledge and used a prevailing style of pragmatic reasoning focusing on what was likely to work in a particular case.", "Throughout the discussions, a collective conceptualization of statins was generated and reinforced in many contexts through stories, jokes, and imagery.", "Informal knowledge and knowing in clinical communities entail an inherently collective dynamic practice that includes explicit and nonexplicit components.", "It can be characterized as knowledge-in-context in practice, with a strong focus on casuistry.", "Validity of knowledge appears not to be based on criteria of consensus, coherence, or correspondence but on a more polyphonic understanding of truth.", "We contend that our findings give enough ground for further research on how exploring mindlines of clinicians online could help improve guideline development processes." ]

[ "As a specific group with high health inequality, it is crucial to improve the health status and health inequalities of rural-to-urban migrant workers.", "This study aimed to evaluate the health inequality of migrant and urban workers in China and decompose it.", "A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a standardized questionnaire to obtain basic information, self-rated health to evaluate health status, concentration index to measure health inequalities, and WDW decomposition to analyze the causes of health inequalities.", "The concentration index of health for migrants was 0.021 and 0.009 for urban workers.", "The main factors contributing to health inequality among rural-to-urban migrant workers included income, exercise, and age.", "In contrast, the main factors of health inequality among urban workers included income, the number of chronic diseases, social support, and education.", "There were health inequalities in both rural-to-urban migrant and urban workers.", "The government and relevant authorities should formulate timely policies and take targeted measures to reduce income disparities among workers, thereby improving health inequality." ]

[ "As a subset of genetic abnormalities, subtelomeric deletions have been found in 7-10% of individuals with mental retardation (MR).", "One subtelomeric deletion, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), causes mild to severe MR, but the cognitive-behavioral features of individuals with WHS have not been studied systematically.", "To that end, we administered a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral battery to 12 children with WHS, ages 4-17 years, who also had some expressive language.", "Using the Stanford-Binet (4th Edition), we found cognitive deficits ranged from mild to severe, with mean IQ = 44.1.", "Interviewing parents with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, we found mean adaptive behavior score (DQ) = 37.3, with females exhibiting slightly higher scores than males.", "Cognitive profiles indicated relative strengths in Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning.", "Adaptive behavior profiles noted significant relative strengths in the Socialization Domain.", "These cognitive-behavioral profiles differed from children with other subtelomeric deletion syndromes, 2q37 or 8p23.", "Attention deficits and hyperactivity (ADHD) were observed in 7/12 (58%) of the children we tested.", "One child attained a score on the Child Autism Rating Scale (CARS) suggestive of mild autism.", "We conclude that different genetic disorders, which cause MR, produce diverse cognitive-behavioral profiles.", "Consequently, cognitive-behavioral profiles of children with MR need to be assessed more comprehensively." ]

[ "As acceptance of AI platforms increases, more patients will consider these tools as sources of information.", "The ChatGPT architecture utilizes a neural network to process natural language, thus generating responses based on the context of input text.", "The accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT3.5 in the context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease remains unclear.", "In this prospective study, 38 questions worded by IBD patients were inputted into ChatGPT3.5.", "The following topics were covered: 1) CD, UC and malignancy, 2) maternal medicine 3) infection and vaccination 4) complementary medicine.", "Responses given by Chat GPT were assessed for accuracy (1 - completely incorrect to 5 - completely correct) and completeness (3-point Likert scale; range 1 - incomplete to 3 - complete) by 14 expert gastroenterologists, in comparison with relevant ECCO guidelines.", "In terms of accuracy, most replies (84.2%) had a median score of ≥4 (IQR:2) and a mean score of 3.87 (SD: +/- 0.6).", "For completeness, 34.2% of the replies had a median score of 3 and 55.3 % had a median score of between 2 and <3.", "Overall, the mean rating was 2.24 (SD: +/- 0.4, Median:2 IQR :1).", "Though group 3 and 4 had a higher mean for both accuracy and completeness, there was no significant scoring variation between the 4 question groups (Kruskal-Wallis test p:>0.05).", "However, statistical analysis for the different individual questions revealed a significant difference both for accuracy (p<0.001) and completeness (p<0.001).", "The questions which rated the highest for both accuracy and completeness were related to smoking, while the lowest rating was related to screening for malignancy and vaccinations especially in the context of immunosuppression and family planning.", "This is the first study to demonstrate the capability of an AI-based system to provide accurate and comprehensive answers to real-world patient queries in IBD.", "AI systems may serve as a useful adjunct for patients, in addition to standard of care in clinic and validated patient information resources.", "However, responses in specialist areas may deviate from evidence-based guidance and the replies need to give more firm advice." ]

[ "As an education model that focuses on the cultivation of students' creativity and practical ability, the integration of maker education and the development of artificial intelligence is of great significance.", "In order to analyze and study the application effect of artificial intelligence in maker education, based on this, this study adopts the method of questionnaire and case analysis to investigate and analyze students from three dimensions: learning experience, learning attitude and learning emotion, learning effect and transfer.", "The survey results show that, on the whole, the integration of artificial intelligence technology into maker education can significantly improve students' learning feelings and attitudes, and enhance the enthusiasm of learning emotions.", "The research also finds that it has a positive impact on students' learning effect and transfer ability.", "Learning experience, learning attitude and learning emotion, learning effect and learning transfer are related to gender, teaching time, teaching subjects or majors.", "Therefore, the article will suggest creating a maker cultural atmosphere, creating a maker resource space, and improving the maker education system.", "This provides a valuable reference for further promoting the development of maker education courses in the field of artificial intelligence." ]

[ "As an important part of China's higher education, higher vocational education occupies an extraordinarily important position in China's higher education system.", "In order to clarify the literacy of higher vocational students, carry forward their excellent quality, and correct their bad habits, a quantitative evaluation and optimization decision-making research on the cultivation of humanistic literacy of higher vocational students based on data mining technology is proposed.", "By using data mining technology, the important data of students can be obtained quickly; by using advantages of information integration, the cultivation of humanistic quality of higher vocational students is evaluated from a correct perspective; by strengthening the education of campus culture construction, students' moral quality can be enhanced, students' enthusiasm for learning can be mobilized, the advantages of new media's public opinion orientation can be given full play, and a humanistic and healthy growth environment for vocational students can be created.", "Through experiments, it is proved that data mining can better evaluate the humanistic quality of students.", "During the learning process, the humanistic quality evaluation of female college students reaches 95%, and the overall quality of male and female gradually rises to 80%." ]

[ "As an inherent part of epidemiologic research, practical decisions made during data collection and analysis have the potential to impact the measurement of disease occurrence as well as statistical and causal inference from the results.", "However, the computational skills needed to collect, manipulate, and evaluate data have not always been a focus of educational programs, and the increasing interest in \"data science\" suggest that data literacy has become paramount to ensure valid estimation.", "In this article, we first motivate such practical concerns for the modern epidemiology student, particularly as it relates to challenges in causal inference; second, we discuss how such concerns may be manifested in typical epidemiological analyses and identify the potential for bias; third, we present a case study that exemplifies the entire process; and finally, we draw attention to resources that can help epidemiology students connect the theoretical underpinning of the science to the practical considerations as described herein." ]

[ "As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve rapidly, its integration into nursing education is inevitable.", "This article presents a narrative exploring the implementation of generative AI in nursing education and offers a guide for its strategic use.", "The exploration begins with an examination of the broader societal impact and uses of artificial intelligence, recognizing its pervasive presence and the potential it holds.", "Thematic analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats collected from nurse educators across the southeastern United States in this case-based descriptive study used four codes: time, innovation, critical thinking, and routine tasks.", "Findings from the qualitative analysis revealed the overarching themes that AI can serve as both a tool and a tyrant, offering opportunities for efficiency and innovation while posing challenges of transparency, ethical use, and AI literacy.", "By establishing ethical guidelines, fostering AI literacy, and promoting responsible implementation in nursing education with a clear articulation of expectations, nurse educators can guide and guard the use of generative AI.", "Despite the concerns, the transformative potential of generative AI to enhance teaching methodologies and prepare students for the interprofessional health-care workforce provides a multitude of innovative opportunities for teaching and learning." ]

[ "As cancer patients increasingly use chatbots, it is crucial to recognize ChatGPT's potential in enhancing health literacy while ensuring validation to prevent misinformation.", "This study aims to assess ChatGPT-3.5's capability to provide appropriate staging and treatment recommendations for head and neck mucosal malignancies for vulnerable populations.", "Forty distinct clinical vignettes were introduced into ChatGPT to inquire about staging and treatment recommendations for head and neck mucosal malignancies.", "Prompts were created based on head and neck cancer (HNC) disease descriptions (cancer location, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and symptoms).", "Staging and treatment recommendations according to the 2021 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines were scored by three fellowship-trained HNC surgeons from two separate tertiary care institutions.", "HNC surgeons assessed the accuracy of staging and treatment recommendations, such as the completeness of surgery and the appropriateness of treatment modality.", "Whereas ChatGPT's responses were 95% accurate at recommending the correct first-line treatment based on the 2021 NCCN guidelines, 55% of the responses contained inaccurate staging.", "Neck dissection was incorrectly omitted from treatment recommendations in 50% of the cases.", "Moreover, 40% of ChatGPT's treatment recommendations were deemed unnecessary.", "This study emphasizes ChatGPT's potential in HNC patient education, aligning with NCCN guidelines for mucosal malignancies, but highlights the importance of ongoing refinement and scrutiny due to observed inaccuracies in tumor, nodal, metastasis staging, incomplete surgery options, and inappropriate treatment recommendations.", "Otolaryngologists can use this information to caution patients, families, and trainees regarding the use of ChatGPT for HNC education without expert guidance." ]

[ "As compared to other parts of the country, vaccination coverage and literacy rate in district Mewat, State Haryana (India) had been low, that is, 20.8-27% and 54%, respectively.", "National immunization program of the country was being implemented primarily through the field workers, and accredited social health activists (ASHAs) were one of the key grass root level link workers.", "Hence, this study was carried out with the objective to identify barriers to childhood vaccination by field staff in field practice area of SHKM Govt Medical College Nalhar, Mewat as perceived by ASHAs and health workers.", "The current study was a qualitative research which was conducted in the field practice area attached to SHKM Government Medical College Nalhar Mewat.", "Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were carried out among health workers (MPHW-F/M) and ASHAs.", "None.", "The barriers to childhood vaccination as identified in the study are pain during vaccination and other side effects, additional expenditure on treatment of side effects, worsening of interpersonal relations of the functionaries (workers/ASHAs) with the beneficiaries, extra work burden, unawareness of the benefits of vaccination, myth/belief of potential risk of impotency in adulthood, denial by elders, lack of cash benefits, inaccessibility to vaccination services due to remote work places, people's beliefs in supernatural causes of childhood diseases, delayed BCG vaccination, etc., The barriers to childhood vaccination from the perspective of ASHAs and health workers are explored and identified which can be utilized in tailoring the efforts and strategies to improve the vaccination coverage." ]

[ "As countries strive to achieve sustainable development goal 3.2, high-quality medical education is crucial for high-quality neonatal care.", "Women are encouraged to deliver in health units attended by a skilled team.", "Traditionally, the team is doctors and nurses, but they are members of a large group of interdependent experts from other disciplines.", "Each discipline trains separately, yet the goal of good neonatal care is common to all.", "The use of interprofessional education breaks down these professional silos improving collaborative practice and promoting excellent clinical care.", "Introduction of new educational materials and training requires a rigorous approach to ensure sustainability.", "An extensive needs assessment identified gaps in neonatal training.", "Specifically, there was a lack of inclusion of medical devices used in clinical care.", "In each country, national key stakeholders came together to develop and revise their own neonatal curricula, trainings or guidelines.", "A core writing education team were tasked to develop evidence-based materials on pertinent medical devices to include in these national materials.", "These then underwent internal and external review.", "A provider course for biomedical engineers and technicians was introduced.", "Skills labs were established to improve practical skills teaching.", "To improve the quality of teaching, a NEST360 generic instructors course (GIC) was developed.", "Twenty modules, 14 scenarios, 17 job aids and 34 videos have been published to date.", "Materials have been embedded into neonatal curricula and national trainings.", "Forty-one skills labs were installed in pre-service learning institutions and, up to June 2022, have been used by 7281 students.", "Pre- and in-service interprofessional training was implemented at all NEST360 institutions (clinical and biomedical).", "GIC courses were conducted at least twice a year in all countries.", "Three hundred seventeen nurses, biomedical and clinical staff have undertaken the GIC in all four countries.", "GIC participants report that the course has very positively influenced their teaching practice.", "Inclusion of key stakeholders throughout has ensured training is embedded within the four countries.", "Use of interprofessional education and inclusion of biomedical engineers and technicians has been very successful.", "Introduction of the GIC has developed a pool of high-quality educators for neonatal care.", "This approach has ensured that high-quality interprofessional neonatal training is included within national agendas for neonatal care and beyond." ]

[ "As digital health expands, reliance on digital endpoints is rapidly increasing to improve diagnostic accuracy and management in the healthcare field.", "Digital endpoints are beneficial to monitor how patient's clinical information is processed outside of a clinical setting.", "Implications of cardiac digital endpoints play a role in allowing patients to track their clinical data outside of a clinical setting.", "Advances in cardiac digital endpoints involve advanced devices and implants, trackers, and artificial intelligence.", "We will explore further digital endpoints within cardiology and threats as well as security concerns for policies to focus on the maintenance of safe patient health data analysis, transmission, and processing.", "As digital endpoints evolve and expand, policymakers must ensure there is adequate cybersecurity surrounding them.", "We believe guidelines should be in place to make sure data is accessed solely on a secure connection and access to digital literacy for patients should be readily available." ]

[ "As digital health services are increasingly developing and becoming more interactive in Serbia, a comprehensive instrument for measuring eHealth literacy (EHL) is needed.", "This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and investigate the psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the eHealth Literacy Questionnaire (eHLQ); to evaluate EHL in the population of primary health care (PHC) users in Serbia; and to explore factors associated with their EHL.", "The validation study was conducted in 8 PHC centers in the territory of the Mačva district in Western Serbia.", "A stratified sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample.", "The Translation Integrity Procedure was followed to adapt the questionnaire to the Serbian language.", "The psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the eHLQ were analyzed through the examination of factorial structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.", "Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine participant characteristics.", "Differences between groups were tested by the 2-tailed Students t test and ANOVA.", "Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to determine factors related to EHL.", "A total of 475 PHC users were enrolled.", "The mean age was 51.0 (SD 17.3; range 19-94) years, and most participants were female (328/475, 69.1%).", "Confirmatory factor analysis validated the 7-factor structure of the questionnaire.", "Values for incremental fit index (0.96) and comparative fit index (0.95) were above the cutoff of ≥0.95.", "The root mean square error of approximation value of 0.05 was below the suggested value of ≤0.06.", "Cronbach α of the entire scale was 0.95, indicating excellent scale reliability, with Cronbach α ranging from 0.81 to 0.90 for domains.", "The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.63 to 0.82, indicating moderate to good test-retest reliability.", "The highest EHL mean scores were obtained for the understanding of health concepts and language (mean 2.86, SD 0.32) and feel safe and in control (mean 2.89, SD 0.33) domains.", "Statistically significant differences (all P<.05) for all 7 eHLQ scores were observed for age, education, perceived material status, perceived health status, searching for health information on the internet, and occupation (except domain 4).", "In multivariable regression models, searching for health information on the internet and being aged younger than 65 years were associated with higher values of all domain scores except the domain feel safe and in control for variable age.", "This study demonstrates that the Serbian version of the eHLQ can be a useful tool in the measurement of EHL and in the planning of digital health interventions at the population and individual level due to its strong psychometric properties in the Serbian context." ]

[ "As dynamic graphs have become indispensable in numerous fields due to their capacity to represent evolving relationships over time, there has been a concomitant increase in the development of Temporal Graph Neural Networks (TGNNs).", "When training TGNNs for dynamic graph link prediction, the commonly used negative sampling method often produces starkly contrasting samples, which can lead the model to overfit these pronounced differences and compromise its ability to generalize effectively to new data.", "To address this challenge, we introduce an innovative negative sampling approach named Enhanced Negative Sampling (ENS).", "This strategy takes into account two pervasive traits observed in dynamic graphs: (1) Historical dependence, indicating that nodes frequently reestablish connections they held in the past, and (2) Temporal proximity preference, which posits that nodes are more inclined to connect with those they have recently interacted with.", "Specifically, our technique employs a designed scheduling function to strategically control the progression of difficulty of the negative samples throughout the training.", "This ensures that the training progresses in a balanced manner, becoming incrementally challenging, and thereby enhancing TGNNs' proficiency in predicting links within dynamic graphs.", "In our empirical evaluation across multiple datasets, we discerned that our ENS, when integrated as a modular component, notably augments the performance of four SOTA baselines.", "Additionally, we further investigated the applicability of ENS in handling dynamic graphs of varied attributes.", "Our code is available at https://github.com/qqaazxddrr/ENS." ]

[ "As education systems worldwide begin to accept and implement computational thinking, the educators of both elementary and higher education are considering the cultivation of students' computational thinking abilities.", "It is hoped that students effectively analyze and deconstruct all kinds of complex issues with computational thinking, and seek computer-executable ways to solve real-world problems.", "Through the integration of program education, students can learn and develop the abilities to practically apply their theoretical learning in information technology education.", "With the promotion of the concept of multicultural education, an increasing number of educational arenas are gradually introducing the concept of multicultural education to inculcate in students respect for different ethnic cultures via multicultural integration.", "In this study, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology was used to introduce culturally responsive teaching.", "The objective was to build a UAV-assisted culturally responsive teaching environment for multi-ethnic students that is based on their different thinking mechanisms formed by their respective cultures and living environments.", "Multi-ethnic students can attempt to solve problems employing computational thinking that is implemented when programing to control UAV.", "With the influence of culturally responsive teaching, the UAV-assisted learning strategies helped students and teachers of multi-ethnic groups understand different cultures and learn through mutual aid and cooperation.", "This study discussed the computational thinking abilities via different dimensions: logical thinking, programming ability, and cultural respect.", "The results showed that the introduction of UAV-assisted culturally responsive teaching method benefits not only indigenous students.", "For Han Chinese students as well, owing to the influence of cultural understanding, their overall learning effectiveness and cultural respect will be strengthened.", "Thus, this method improves the learning effectiveness in programming of multi-ethnic students, as well as of students with weaker prior programming ability.", "The method can also enhance the cognition and comprehension of different cultures in multicultural education." ]

[ "As elsewhere, disadvantaged children in Senegal are those most affected by dental diseases and difficulties in obtaining dental care.", "Studies conducted mainly in developed countries suggest that a low level of mothers' OHL is correlated with poor oral health of their children.", "The objective of this study is to estimate the level of mothers' OHL in Senegal and its relationto the dental health of their children.", "This cross-sectional epidemiological survey took place among 315 children aged from 3 to 9 years old and their mothers.", "It estimated the children's dental health status by clinical examination which used a disposable examination kit and a headlamp, took place at the child's home, in the mother's presence.", "Examiners interviewing the mothers administered the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire to determine their OHL and questioned them further about their social characteristics and their children's dental health behaviour.", "Logistic regression and correlations were used for the statistical analysis.", "The OHL score ranges from 0 to 17; mothers' mean score was 6.5 (±3.1) and 56.5% had a low score (below the median).", "The prevalence of dental caries in children was 64.8%.", "Mothers' high OHL is associated with children caries free and low prevalence of dental caries.", "The logistic regression showed a significantly protective relation between children's dental caries and mothers' high OHL scores (mean score 12-17) (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88), high educational level (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.23-0.76) and a high level of social contact (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.63).", "The structural analysis showed that OHL was significantly correlated with both the mothers' social position (r = 0.61 and P<0.001) and the children's caries (r = -0.26 and P<0.001).", "The OHL level of Senegalese mothers was significantly associated with their children's dental caries.", "Improving mothers' OHL might therefore help strengthen their capacities to promote oral health, thus helping to improve their children's dental health and reduce inequalities." ]

[ "As flipped classroom has received much attention from researchers and educators, some scholars have investigated the effectiveness of this teaching mode in various English as a foreign language (EFL) settings; however, such an instruction mode has been under-investigated in the Chinese EFL context.", "Therefore, the current study examined a flipped course's impact on Chinese EFL learners' writing performance and anxiety utilizing a pretest-posttest non-equivalent group quasi-experimental design.", "First, it selected a sample of 50 Chinese EFL learners from two intact language school classes as the participants via the convenience sampling method.", "Then, it randomly assigned participants of these two intact classes to a control group (n = 24), taught based on the traditional method of writing instruction, and an experimental group (n = 26), instructed based on social media-supported flipped instruction.", "The study used two writing tasks and a writing anxiety inventory to gather the data from the participants.", "The descriptive and inferential statistics results showed that the experimental group-taught based on flipped writing instruction-significantly enhanced their writing performance.", "Moreover, they revealed that the flipped course substantially reduced participants' writing anxiety.", "Implications of such findings have been elaborated for EFL research and practice." ]

[ "As healthcare and especially health technology evolve rapidly, new challenges require healthcare professionals to take on new roles.", "Consequently, the demand for health informatics competencies is increasing, and achieving these competencies using frameworks, such as Technology Informatics Guiding Reform (TIGER), is crucial for future healthcare.", "The study examines essential health informatics and educational competencies and health informatics challenges based on TIGER Core Competency Areas.", "Rather than examine each country independently, the focus is on uncovering commonalities and shared experiences across diverse contexts.", "Six focus group interviews were conducted with twenty-one respondents from three different countries (Germany (n = 7), Portugal (n = 6), and Finland (n = 8)).", "These interviews took place online in respondents' native languages.", "All interviews were transcribed and then summarized by each country.", "Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis framework was applied, which included familiarization with the data, generating initial subcategories, identifying, and refining themes, and conducting a final analysis to uncover patterns within the data.", "Agreed upon by all three countries, competencies in project management, communication, application in direct patient care, digital literacy, ethics in health IT, education, and information and knowledge management were identified as challenges in healthcare.", "Competencies such as communication, information and communication technology, project management, and education were identified as crucial for inclusion in educational programs, emphasizing their critical role in healthcare education.", "Despite working with digital tools daily, there is an urgent need to include health informatics competencies in the education of healthcare professionals.", "Competencies related to application in direct patient care, IT-background knowledge, IT-supported and IT-related management are critical in educational and professional settings are seen as challenging but critical in healthcare." ]

[ "As healthcare continues evolving in the age of digital technology, the integration of artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful force, particularly in wound care.", "The education of healthcare professionals in wound care is crucial for ensuring they acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, optimizing patient outcomes.", "This paper outlines the protocol for a scoping review with the goal of mapping and analyzing the current scientific evidence regarding the potential impact of artificial intelligence in wound care education.", "The current protocol follows the JBI methodological framework.", "The search was conducted in December 2023 in the following databases: CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Academic Search Complete, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Scopus, and Web of Science.", "Electronics searches were conducted in the Scientific Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal (RCAAP) and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OpenAIRE, and Open Dissertations databases to access gray literature.", "Additionally, searches were performed on Google Scholar and specific journals such as the International Wound Journal, Skin Research and Technology, Journal of Wound Care, and Wound Repair and Regeneration.", "The initial database searches retrieved a total of 11,323 studies.", "After removing duplicates, a total of 6450 studies were submitted for screening.", "Currently, 15 studies are included in this review, and data charting and analysis are underway.", "The findings of this scoping review will likely provide insights into the application of artificial intelligence in wound care education." ]

[ "As hemodialysis is a long-term treatment method requiring significant self-management skills, it affects both the patient and the caregiver in many ways.", "It is inevitable that changes in the burden perceived by the caregiver over time will not affect the patient's health care outcomes.", "The aim of this study was to develop an up-to-date scale by examining the psychometric properties of items created specifically for the care burden perceived by individuals who provide care for patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.", "This study is a methodological study with the use of the COSMIN Checklist.", "The sample of the study included 404 individuals who were the primary caregivers of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment.", "Data were collected using descriptive characteristics form and the draft form of the Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment.", "Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and predictive validity were used to evaluate validity.", "The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, item analysis, and test-retest method were employed to evaluate reliability.", "According to exploratory factor analysis, a scale structure with four subdimensions was determined, and goodness of fit was achieved using confirmatory factor analysis.", "The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the final form of the scale consisting of 34 items was found to be 0.95 for the total scale, 0.93 for the self-management support subscale, 0.91 for the psychological support subscale, 0.91 for the caregiver symptom subscale, and 0.93 for the caregiver individual coping subscale.", "The Primary Caregiver Burden Scale Individuals Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment, which was found to meet the validity and reliability criteria, has a four-point Likert-type scoring structure, 34 items, and four subdimensions.", "It is thought that the scale can make significant contributions to the international literature if its validity and reliability are established with nursing practices and research." ]

[ "As Industry 4.0 debuted roughly a decade ago, it is now necessary to examine how it affects various aspects of the discipline.", "It is the responsibility of the education sector to guarantee that the next generation is equipped mentally, physically, and cognitively to face unforeseen challenges.", "Numerous educational institutions are outfitted with Industry 4.0 technology-based learning.", "Industry 4.0 fosters advancements in learning methodologies, especially for language enhancements.", "Learners may gain knowledge at their base, providing them an opportunity for independent study.", "The majority of subjects have been acquired through Industry 4.0.", "This research chapter explores the intersection of Industry 4.0 and education, specifically focusing on the SmallTalk AI tool.", "It investigates how technological and digital innovations within the context of Industry 4.0 can serve as powerful tools to enhance language learning outcomes.", "This article presents a comprehensive analysis of statistical data and empirical evidence to support the positive impact of Industry 4.0 technology of SmallTalk on language acquisition particularly speaking.", "The study also determines the relationship among participants' usage through the technology acceptance model (TAM).", "Furthermore, it examines the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating these innovations into language learning pedagogies, offering insights for educators and policymakers to harness the potential of Industry 4.0 in fostering language proficiency.", "The research employs quantitative analysis.", "The data obtained from educational institutions has been analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS software.", "The results indicate that Industry 4.0 has had an important effect on English language acquisition.", "This self-supported adaptable system of education facilitates effective student learning.", "This study also suggests that future research into the utility of Industry 4.0 be conducted elsewhere internationally." ]

[ "As mathematical competence is linked to educational success, professional achievement, and even a country's economic growth, researchers have been interested in early predictors for quite some time.", "Although there have been numerous studies on domain-specific numerical abilities predicting later mathematical competence in preschool children, research in toddlers is scarce, especially regarding additional influential aspects, such as domain-general cognitive abilities and the children's social background.", "Using a large-scale dataset, the present study examined predictive effects of numeracy skills in 17-month-olds for later mathematical achievement.", "We found small, positive effects, even when controlling for child-related variables (i.e., age and sex) and the children's social background (i.e., maternal education and household language).", "Additionally, we compared results with a domain-general categorization task and found no distinct effect on mathematical competence.", "The present results are discussed with regard to the specificities of the dataset, as well as implications for future studies on predictors of mathematical competence." ]

[ "As medical educators grapple with the consistent demand for high-quality assessments, the integration of artificial intelligence presents a novel solution.", "This how-to article delves into the mechanics of employing ChatGPT for generating Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) within the medical curriculum.", "Focusing on the intricacies of prompt engineering, we elucidate the steps and considerations imperative for achieving targeted, high-fidelity results.", "The article presents varying outcomes based on different prompt structures, highlighting the AI's adaptability in producing questions of distinct complexities.", "While emphasizing the transformative potential of ChatGPT, we also spotlight challenges, including the AI's occasional \"hallucination\", underscoring the importance of rigorous review.", "This guide aims to furnish educators with the know-how to integrate AI into their assessment creation process, heralding a new era in medical education tools." ]

[ "As medical schools move to integrate the Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (EPAs) into curricula and address the transition from student to resident, residency preparatory courses have become more prevalent.", "The authors developed an experiential learning EPA-based capstone course for assessment to determine impact on learner self-assessed ratings of readiness for residency and acquisition of medical knowledge.", "All fourth-year students from the classes of 2018-2020 completed a required course in the spring for assessment of multiple EPAs, including managing core complaints, performing basic procedures, obtaining informed consent, and providing patient handoffs.", "Learners selected between three specialty-based parallel tracks - adult medicine, surgery, or pediatrics.", "Students completed a retrospective pre-post questionnaire to provide self-assessed ratings of residency preparedness and comfort in performing EPAs.", "Finally, the authors studied the impact of the course on knowledge acquisition by comparing student performance in the adult medicine track on multiple choice pre- and post-tests.", "Four hundred and eighty-one students were eligible for the study and 452 (94%) completed the questionnaire.", "For all three tracks, there was a statistically significant change in learner self-assessed ratings of preparedness for residency from pre- to post-course (moderately or very prepared: adult medicine 61.4% to 88.6% [p-value < 0.001]; surgery 56.8% to 81.1% [p-value < 0.001]; pediatrics 32.6% to 83.7% [p-value 0.02]).", "A similar change was noted in all tracks in learner self-assessed ratings of comfort from pre- to post-course for all studied EPAs.", "Of the 203 students who participated in the adult medicine track from 2019-2020, 200 (99%) completed both the pre- and post-test knowledge assessments.", "The mean performance improved from 65.0% to 77.5% (p-value < 0.001).", "An experiential capstone course for the assessment of EPAs can be effective to improve learner self-assessed ratings of readiness for residency training and acquisition of medical knowledge." ]

[ "As more people across Generations X, Y, and Z continue to use the Internet meet their information needs, this study assesses the characteristics influencing the online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) of non-medical university students.", "Previous studies on the subject in Nigeria have largely assessed the concept of OHISB among university students without examining the determinants of such behaviour.", "To determine the predictors of OHISB among non-medical undergraduate students of a Nigerian private university.", "Adopting a cross-sectional research design, the study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire administered via Google forms.", "Some 361 non-medical undergraduate students were recruited purposively with a response rate of 84.2%.", "The questionnaire obtained data on students' socio-demographics, Internet usage, and OHISB.", "Presence of a chronic condition, gender, and college showed significant associations with students' OHISB.", "'Mothers' occupation' and 'prior experience' became significant predictors of students' OHISB.", "The results align with studies that stressed that chronically ill persons would search for health information on the internet and that presence of chronic illness is among the predictors of OHISB.", "These findings add to evidence from other countries that had identified health literacy and presence of chronic illness as significant predictors of OHISB among students." ]

[ "As of 2020, 20% of people residing in the United States of America (U.S.) lived in rural communities.", "Despite rural residents tending to be older, poorer, and having greater disease burden than their urban counterparts, the number of rural primary care providers continues to decline.", "Nearly 66% of U.S. Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas are designated as rural.", "Pharmacists can help address this shortage of rural primary care providers, often serving as providers of first-contact care; however, only 12% of U.S. pharmacists practice in rural communities.", "To help address this gap, in 2022 an elective Rural Pharmacy course was created at the University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy by a faculty member who has rural practice experience.", "The course combines formal lectures, guest presentations by rural pharmacists and student interviews with additional rural pharmacists.", "For the 42 students enrolled in the course in 2022 and 2023, non-parametric statistics were used to compare the percentage of students who were raised in rural communities or who otherwise had extensive exposure to rural, and compare student interest ratings (1 to 7) about practicing/living rural at the beginning and end of the course.", "Students also wrote end-of-course reflection papers, commenting on the course and their interviews with rural pharmacists.", "Across both years, 45% of the enrolled students had previous experience in rural communities.", "The net change in Rural Interest scores among students completing both questionnaires was + 5 in 2022 and + 2 in 2023, both non-significant differences.", "The largest shifts in student interest were from \"Not Sure\" at the start of the course to \"Interested\" or \"Not Interested\" at the end of the course, and from \"Interested\" to \"Very Interested.\"", "In their reflection papers nearly 60% of students reported being most impressed by their interviews with rural pharmacists.", "A course addressing the benefits and challenges of practicing pharmacy in rural communities was well-received by pharmacy students.", "Even students who have little interest in living in a rural community can benefit from being introduced to rural culture, enabling them to provide more culturally-responsive care for patients from rural communities." ]

[ "As of today, data analysis focuses primarily on the findings to be made inside the data and concentrates less on how those findings relate to the domain of investigation.", "Contemporary visualization as a field of research shows a strong tendency to adopt this data-centrism.", "Despite their decisive influence on the analysis result, qualitative aspects of the analysis process such as the structure, soundness, and complexity of the applied reasoning strategy are rarely discussed explicitly.", "We argue that if the purpose of visualization is the provision of domain insight rather than the depiction of data analysis results, a holistic perspective requires a qualitative component to to be added to the discussion of quantitative and human factors.", "To support this point, we demonstrate how considerations of qualitative factors in visual analysis can be applied to obtain explanations and possible solutions for a number of practical limitations inherent to the data-centric perspective on analysis.", "Based on this discussion of what we call qualitative visual analysis, we develop an inside-outside principle of nested levels of context that can serve as a conceptual basis for the development of visualization systems that optimally support the emergence of insight during analysis." ]

[ "As one of many fundamental sports techniques, the landing maneuver is also frequently used in clinical injury screening and diagnosis.", "However, the landing patterns are different under different constraints, which will cause great difficulties for clinical experts in clinical diagnosis.", "Machine learning (ML) have been very successful in solving a variety of clinical diagnosis tasks, but they all have the disadvantage of being black boxes and rarely provide and explain useful information about the reasons for making a particular decision.", "The current work validates the feasibility of applying an explainable ML (XML) model constructed by Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) for landing pattern recognition in clinical biomechanics.", "This study collected 560 groups landing data.", "By incorporating these landing data into the XML model as input signals, the prediction results were interpreted based on the relevance score (RS) derived from LRP.", "The interpretation obtained from XML was evaluated comprehensively from the statistical perspective based on Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Effect Size.", "The RS has excellent statistical characteristics in the interpretation of landing patterns between classes, and also conforms to the clinical characteristics of landing pattern recognition.", "The current work highlights the applicability of XML methods that can not only satisfy the traditional decision problem between classes, but also largely solve the lack of transparency in landing pattern recognition.", "We provide a feasible framework for realizing interpretability of ML decision results in landing analysis, providing a methodological reference and solid foundation for future clinical diagnosis and biomechanical analysis." ]

[ "As online health information-seeking surges, concerns mount over the quality and safety of accessible content, potentially leading to patient harm through misinformation.", "On one hand, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare could prevent it; on the other hand, questions raise regarding the quality and safety of the medical information provided.", "As laryngeal cancer is a prevalent head and neck malignancy, this study aims to evaluate the utility and safety of three large language models (LLMs) as sources of patient information about laryngeal cancer.", "A cross-sectional study was conducted using three LLMs (ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and Bard).", "A questionnaire comprising 36 inquiries about laryngeal cancer was categorised into diagnosis (11 questions), treatment (9 questions), novelties and upcoming treatments (4 questions), controversies (8 questions), and sources of information (4 questions).", "The population of reviewers consisted of 3 groups, including ENT specialists, junior physicians, and non-medicals, who graded the responses.", "Each physician evaluated each question twice for each model, while non-medicals only once.", "Everyone was blinded to the model type, and the question order was shuffled.", "Outcome evaluations were based on a safety score (1-3) and a Global Quality Score (GQS, 1-5).", "Results were compared between LLMs.", "The study included iterative assessments and statistical validations.", "Analysis revealed that ChatGPT 3.5 scored highest in both safety (mean: 2.70) and GQS (mean: 3.95).", "ChatGPT 4.0 and Bard had lower safety scores of 2.56 and 2.42, respectively, with corresponding quality scores of 3.65 and 3.38.", "Inter-rater reliability was consistent, with less than 3% discrepancy.", "About 4.2% of responses fell into the lowest safety category (1), particularly in the novelty category.", "Non-medical reviewers' quality assessments correlated moderately (r = 0.67) with response length.", "LLMs can be valuable resources for patients seeking information on laryngeal cancer.", "ChatGPT 3.5 provided the most reliable and safe responses among the models evaluated." ]

[ "As our growing population demonstrates a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, so does patient access to their medical records.", "Poor health literacy and understanding of disease severity, underscores the importance of effective and accessible patient-doctor communication.", "No previous studies on patient understanding of thyroid pathology reports exist; therefore, we sought to characterize health literacy in this population.", "Using a modified Delphi technique, a 12-question multiple-choice survey regarding common pathology terms with possible definitions for each term was synthesized and administered to patients in a high-volume endocrine surgery clinic.", "Survey results, patient demographics, history of prior thyroid procedure (biopsy or surgery), and self-reported health literacy were collected.", "Data analysis included t tests, chi-squared, and multivariable linear regression using R. The survey was completed by 54 patients (response rate: 69.8%).", "On univariate analysis, White race, previous thyroid procedure, and at least a high school level education were all more likely to score higher on the survey than their counterparts (P < 0.05).", "On multivariable logistic regression for predicting a higher survey score, only race (est: 2.48 [95% confidence interval: 1.01-3.96]) and higher educational attainment (est: 3.98 [95% confidence interval: 2.32-5.64]) remained predictive (P < 0.05).", "The remaining demographic groups (age, health literacy confidence, and previous thyroid procedure) did not show a statistically significant difference.", "Overall, terms on a thyroid pathology report are poorly understood by patients.", "This is exacerbated by non-White race and low educational attainment.", "There is a need for patient-facing pathology education." ]

[ "As part of a wider reform to scaffold quantitative and research skills throughout the biology major, we introduced course-based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) in sections of a large-enrollment introductory biology laboratory course in a mid-level, public, minority-serving institution.", "This initiative was undertaken as part of the in the National Science Foundation / Council for Undergraduate Research Transformations Project.", "Student teams performed two or three experiments, depending on semester.", "They designed, implemented, analyzed, revised and iterated, wrote scientific paper-style reports, and gave oral presentations.", "We tested the impact of CURE on student proficiency in experimental design and statistical reasoning, and student research confidence and attitudes over two semesters.", "We found that students in the CURE sections met the reformed learning objectives for experimental design and statistical reasoning.", "CURE students also showed higher levels of experimental design proficiency, research self-efficacy, and more expert-like scientific mindsets compared to students in a matched cohort with the traditional design.", "While students in both groups described labs as a positive experience in end-of-semester reflections, the CURE group showed a high level of engagement with the research process.", "Students in CURE sections identified components of the research process that were difficult, while also reporting enjoying and valuing research.", "This study demonstrates improved learning, confidence, and attitudes toward research in a challenging CURE laboratory course where students had significant autonomy combined with appropriate support at a diverse public university." ]

[ "As part of efforts to prevent violence against women, several countries have institutionalized formal support services including legislations to prevent, protect victims, and deter perpetrators of domestic violence (DV).", "Prior research on formal support service utilization shows that DV survivors do not get the necessary services they deserve.", "However, much remains to be known about the experiences of women survivors of DV who accessed a range of formal support services and how their experiences (dis)empowered them.", "Here, we assessed the experiences of Ghanaian women survivors of DV with formal support services vis-à-vis the provisions of the Ghana DV Act and insights of subject experts.", "From May to August 2018, we recruited a total of 28 participants: 21 women survivors of DV in Weija-Gbawe Municipality of Ghana, and 7 experts from the police, human rights, and health professions.", "We used two sets of in-depth interview guides: one to collect data on survivors' experiences, and the second for the insights of experts.", "We performed summary descriptive statistics on survivors' sociodemographic characteristics and used thematic analysis to assess their experiences of DV; and access to, patronage, and response of formal support services.", "Of 21 DV survivors, 19 (90.1%) were aware of the existence of the DV law, however none was well informed of their entitlements.", "DV survivors have low formal education and are not economically empowered.", "Some DV survivors are revictimized in the process of accessing formal services.", "DV survivors expect the government to provide them with shelter, upkeep, medical, and legal aid.", "All the 21 survivors had at least one contact with a women's rights organization and were knowledgeable of their supporting services namely legal services, temporary shelter, and psychosocial support.", "The experiences of DV survivors do not reflect the legal provisions of Ghana's DV Act.", "Government under funding of formal services and negative gender norms are disempowering to survivors.", "NGOs are popular among women survivors of DV in Ghana for the education, legal, and material support they provide.", "A close collaboration between the government and NGOs could better mitigate DV in Ghana." ]

[ "As per recommendations from the European Society of Radiology and the European Union of Medical Specialists, upon completion of level 3 radiology training, an objective assessment of the attained standards, aligned with national customs and practices, should take place.", "A subspecialty exam should ideally be an integral part of the training completion process.", "Among 10 of 13 European subspecialty societies currently offering a European subspecialty diploma, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) diploma program was formally introduced by the ESSR in 2003.", "This article describes the evolution of the ESSR diploma, encompassing the current diploma program, validation procedures, endorsements, and future perspectives.", "Additionally, insights from a brief survey among ESSR diploma holders is shared, offering valuable tips for prospective candidates aiming to navigate the examination process successfully." ]

[ "As primary reproductive healthcare providers, residents-in-training must be equipped with the knowledge of proven and available methods for fertility preservation.", "The study evaluated Filipino obstetrics and gynecology residents' current knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about fertility preservation.", "A cross-sectional survey was conducted among obstetrics and gynecology residents in the Philippines.", "A 24-item questionnaire was distributed to the different accredited training institutions of the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society by electronic mail.", "Univariate descriptive statistics were reported as mean for continuous variables and frequency with percentage for categorical variables.", "The chi-square test was used to determine differences in responses.", "A total of 143 respondents from different year levels of training were enrolled in the study.", "Most were female trainees (88.11%) from the National Capital Region (44.76%).", "Most respondents agreed that discussions about childbearing intentions (99.30%) and age-related fertility decline (98.60%) should be initiated during a patient's gynecological consult.", "Residents were most familiar with oocyte freezing (84.62%), fertility-sparing surgeries (83.22%), and the use of GnRH agonists (80.42%) as fertility preservation techniques.", "Despite being most familiar with oocyte freezing, the respondents have mainly referred patients for fertility-sparing surgeries (48.95%) and the use of GnRH agonists (48.25%).", "There was an overall reassuring perception and attitude of obstetrics and gynecology residents on fertility preservation.", "A standardized curriculum with teaching-learning activities on fertility preservation may be used to improve trainees' knowledge.", "There was a disparity in the knowledge and actual referral or utilization of the different methods, reflecting the inaccessibility of the procedures specific to their institutions.", "This highlights the need to improve accessibility and offer fertility preservation as a public health service." ]

[ "As rates of metabolic syndrome rise, children consume too few vegetables and too much added sugar.", "Because children tend to eat what is available at home, the home environment plays a key role in shaping dietary habits.", "This secondary analysis evaluated the effects of a school-based gardening, cooking, and nutrition education intervention (TX Sprouts) compared to control on the availability of vegetables, fruit juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) at home.", "In the TX Sprouts cluster-randomized trial, 16 schools were randomized to TX Sprouts (n = 8 schools) or control (n = 8 schools) for one academic year.", "All schools served predominately Hispanic families with low incomes.", "TX Sprouts built school gardens and taught 18 lessons to all 3rd-5th grade students at intervention schools.", "TX Sprouts also offered monthly caregiver lessons before and/or after school.", "Caregivers completed questionnaires pre and post, providing demographics and information about home availability of vegetables, fruit juice, and SSBs.", "Summary statistics were used to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of participants.", "Linear regression assessed the change in scores (pre to post) for the food/ beverage availability question.", "The model was adjusted for the caregiver's education, employment status, child's grade, and free or reduced-price lunch eligibility.", "The analytic sample included 895 participants.", "Compared to control, the intervention positively changed the home availability of targeted foods and beverages, largely by improving the availability of vegetables and vegetable juice.", "This study showed that a school gardening, nutrition, and cooking program delivered to elementary children may positively influence the home food environment." ]

[ "As recently as in 2002 gerontologists widely thought that an aging program that purposely caused aging in mammals was impossible and therefore scientifically ridiculous because it violated widely accepted concepts regarding the nature of the evolution process.", "However, a number of modern evolutionary mechanics concepts such as group selection and evolvability suggest that an individually adverse trait like aging can evolve if it creates an advantage (reduced probability of extinction) for a population.", "Genetics discoveries suggest that aging creates multiple population advantages and, therefore, aging programs that purposely cause and regulate aging evolved in mammals.", "This led to various concepts regarding the nature of the program.", "One such concept is that aging is a completely genetically specified function of age, essentially a biological clock.", "However, this article presents evidence and theoretical basis for the idea that the programmed aging function is controlled by an adaptive mechanism that can sense local or temporary conditions that affect the optimum aging function and adjust it to compensate for those conditions.", "This issue is important for medical research because the sensing mechanisms and associated signaling provide additional points at which intervention in the aging process and associated highly age-related diseases could be attempted." ]

[ "As telemedicine plays an increasing role in health care delivery, providers are expected to receive adequate training to effectively communicate with patients during telemedicine encounters.", "Teach-back is an approach that verifies patients' understanding of the health care information provided by health care professionals.", "Including patients in the design and development of teach-back training content for providers can result in more relevant training content.", "However, only a limited number of studies embrace patient engagement in this capacity, and none for remote care settings.", "We aimed to design and evaluate the feasibility of patient-centered, telehealth-focused teach-back training for family medicine residents to promote the use of teach-back during remote visits.", "We codeveloped the POTENTIAL (Platform to Enhance Teach-Back Methods in Virtual Care Visits) curriculum for medical residents to promote teach-back during remote visits.", "A patient participated in the development of the workshop's videos and in a patient-provider panel about teach-back.", "We conducted a pilot, 2-arm cluster, nonrandomized controlled trial.", "Family medicine residents at the intervention site (n=12) received didactic and simulation-based training in addition to weekly cues-to-action.", "Assessment included pre- and postsurveys, observations of residents, and interviews with patients and providers.", "To assess differences between pre- and postintervention scores among the intervention group, chi-square and 1-tailed t tests were used.", "A total of 4 difference-in-difference models were constructed to evaluate prepost differences between intervention and control groups for each of the following outcomes: familiarity with teach-back, importance of teach-back, confidence in teach-back ability, and ease of use of teach-back.", "Medical residents highly rated their experience of the teach-back training sessions (mean 8.6/10).", "Most residents (9/12, 75%) used plain language during training simulations, and over half asked the role-playing patient to use their own words to explain what they were told during the encounter.", "Postintervention, there was an increase in residents' confidence in their ability to use teach-back (mean 7.33 vs 7.83; P=.04), but there was no statistically significant difference in familiarity with, perception of importance, or ease of use of teach-back.", "None of the difference-in-difference models were statistically significant.", "The main barrier to practicing teach-back was time constraints.", "This study highlights ways to effectively integrate best-practice training in telehealth teach-back skills into a medical residency program.", "At the same time, this pilot study points to important opportunities for improvement for similar interventions in future larger-scale implementation efforts, as well as ways to mitigate providers' concerns or barriers to incorporating teach-back in their practice.", "Teach-back can impact remote practice by increasing providers' ability to actively engage and empower patients by using the features (whiteboards, chat rooms, and mini-views) of their remote platform." ]

[ "As the American Board of Surgery transitions to a competency-based model of surgical education centered upon entrustable professional activities (EPAs), there is a growing need for objective tools to determine readiness for entrustment.", "This study evaluates the usability of ENTRUST, an innovative virtual patient simulation platform to assess surgical trainees' decision-making skills in preoperative, intra-operative, and post-operative settings.", "This is a mixed-methods analysis of the usability of the ENTRUST platform.", "Quantitative data was collected using the system usability scale (SUS) and Likert responses.", "Analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariable linear regression.", "Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses was performed using the Nielsen-Shneiderman Heuristics framework.", "This study was conducted at an academic institution in a proctored exam setting.", "The analysis includes n = 47 (PGY 1-5) surgical residents who completed an online usability survey following the ENTRUST Inguinal Hernia EPA Assessment.", "The ENTRUST platform had a median SUS score of 82.5.", "On bivariate and multivariate analyses, there were no significant differences between usability based on demographic characteristics (all p > 0.05), and SUS score was independent of ENTRUST performance (r = 0.198, p = 0.18).", "Most participants agreed that the clinical workup of the patient was engaging (91.5%) and felt realistic (85.1%).", "The most frequent heuristics represented in the qualitative analysis included feedback, visibility, match, and control.", "Additional themes of educational value, enjoyment, and ease-of-use highlighted participants' perspectives on the usability of ENTRUST.", "ENTRUST demonstrates high usability in this population.", "Usability was independent of ENTRUST score performance and there were no differences in usability identified in this analysis based on demographic subgroups.", "Qualitative analysis highlighted the acceptability of ENTRUST and will inform ongoing development of the platform.", "The ENTRUST platform holds potential as a tool for the assessment of EPAs in surgical residency programs." ]

[ "As the amount and complexity of scientific knowledge continues to grow, it is essential to educate scientifically literate citizens who can comprehend the process of science and the implications of technological advances.", "This is especially important when educating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) college students, since they may play a central role in the future of scientific research and its communication.", "A central part of decoding and interpreting scientific information is the ability to analyze scientific research articles.", "For this reason, many different approaches for reading scientific research articles have been developed and published.", "Despite the availability of numerous ways of analyzing scientific research articles, biology students can face challenges that may prevent them from fully comprehending the text.", "We sought to address student challenges with science vocabulary and content knowledge by adding structural supports to in-classroom article discussions through the use of annotated articles from the Science in the Classroom initiative.", "We describe the pedagogical approach used for discussing scientific research articles within a required biology course.", "In this context, we found that students' scientific literacy skills increased at the end of the semester.", "We also found that, for each article discussed, the majority of students could interpret graphical representations of article results and that they could identify and comprehend components of the experimental design of the study." ]

[ "As the application of robotic approaches to surgery continues to broaden, new consoles have been introduced to the market.", "Due to the global utilization of a single platform, previously validated curricula have not been assessed on new robotic systems.", "Surgery by its nature occurs in a high-stakes environment, potentially exacerbated by non-standardized robotic systems.", "The aim of this review is to critique the evidence available regarding the transferability of technical skills across robotic platforms.", "A scoping review utilizing the Medline (Pubmed) and Cochrane Databases was conducted.", "Full texts were reviewed and appraised.", "Selected articles were eligible for inclusion if they investigated the ability or implications of the transfer of skill across robotic platforms.", "Data was extracted, coded inductively, and themes synthesized.", "NVIVO software was used as an adjunct for this qualitative analysis.", "Following the removal of duplicates a total of 278 papers were screened according to the eligibility criteria.", "Fifty full-text articles were reviewed and four met the criterion for inclusion.", "Novices' performance across platforms was comparable.", "Increasing levels of prior robotic experience revealed an improvement in technical performance on a novel robotic platform.", "Safety metrics appear comparable across systems.", "Quantifying learning curves across robotic platforms and their implications for the robotic surgeon in training remains to be determined.", "Future research needs to address the gaps in the literature by clearly defining the extent of technical skills transfer between robotic platforms.", "These factors will guide the next iteration of surgical training curriculums and regulations for robotic surgery." ]

[ "As the COVID-19 pandemic became a global health concern, many business activities have had to adjust to the protocols required to keep people safe, thereby altering the work structures of many professionals.", "With data gathered from 466 respondents in Nigeria, of which approximately 70% are from the South-West, this study shows how the factors associated with the health crisis have affected work productivity during this period.", "The snowball survey research design techniques with the two-way interaction model were employed.", "Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used to analyse and understand multiple and pairwise qualitative factors that influence productivity.", "The first part of the analysis identified boredom, remuneration, internet availability, fear of COVID-19 and depressing news of COVID-19 as the factors that had significant impacts on workers' productivity.", "The second part of the analysis shows how the categories of the five significant factors were either associated or not with productivity.", "An analysis of each of these factors showed that fear of the disease was associated with slight productivity but access to internet facilities and remuneration were strongly associated with improved work productivity, while boredom and depressing news about COVID-19 were associated with non-productivity during this period.", "Further evidence also showed that training and new skills acquisition might improve workers' productivity much more.", "We, therefore, recommend dynamic skills acquisition, training, and investment in tools and services that will enhance flexibility with the changing work structure that comes because of global crises." ]

[ "As the demand and supply sides of popular health services increasingly rely on the Internet, mastering e-health literacy should become an essential skill for older adults.", "The aim of this article is to analyse the effects of Internet health information usage habits on older adults' e- health literacy and to investigate the influencing mechanisms.", "Using a combination of random sampling and convenient sampling, data were collected through questionnaire surveys.", "Data from 776 older adults was analysed using correlation and hierarchical regression to analyse.", "The mean scores for all aspects of older adults' habits of using health information on the Internet and electronic health literacy were relatively high.", "There was no statistically significant difference in the predictive power of the three aspects of electronic health literacy among older adults with different genders, health statuses, education levels and ages (p > 0.05).", "The four factors of older adults' habits of using Internet health information can increase the explanatory power of application ability, judgment ability and decision-making ability in Model 2 by 53.7%, 46.2% and 57%, respectively, with statistical significance (p < 0.001).", "The better the habits of older adults in using health information on the Internet, the higher their level of electronic health literacy.", "Families, communities and social groups should help older adults use online health resources to improve their e-health literacy.", "Older adults can use WeChat or other interpersonal information platforms to share online health information with each other." ]

[ "As the demand for gender affirmation grows, teaching gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) programs has become increasingly important.", "Residency applicants interested in GAS often use program web sites to explore potential training opportunities.", "Our study aimed to quantify the GAS training opportunities promoted on residency program web sites and determine the characteristics of programs likely to promote GAS training.", "An assessment of 88 integrated PRS residency programs' web sites was conducted between 2021 and 2022.", "Plastic and reconstructive surgery residency and institutional webpages were queried for geographical location, training opportunities in GAS through residency or fellowship, and the number of faculty performing GAS.", "Descriptive statistics and multivariable regressions were used to describe and identify factors associated with increased GAS residency training opportunities.", "Twenty-six percent of PRS residencies mentioned training opportunities for GAS on their web sites.", "Gender-affirming surgery fellowships were offered at 7% of institutions, and an additional 7% were available via adjunct academic programs.", "Programs with faculty practicing GAS were 54% more likely to mention GAS on their residency page (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.21; P = 0.009).", "Few PRS residency programs mention GAS on their web sites.", "As GAS becomes a more robust component of plastic surgery, appropriate information about the extent of GAS training should be available for applicants.", "Determining how local, state, and federal policies impact programs' abilities to highlight GAS should be investigated in future studies." ]

[ "As the elderly population increases, interest in life satisfaction in old age is increasing.", "We aimed to verify the relationship between social capital, smartphone use motives, and digital literacy and life satisfaction in Koreans aged 50-69 yr.", "The data of 7,521 late-middle-aged and older adults from the 2019 survey on smartphone overdependence conducted by the National Information Society Agency were analyzed by hierarchical multi-regression analysis.", "A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that income(β=0.062) and educational background(β=0.054) were positively related to life satisfaction.", "Among the smartphone use motives, lifestyle motive(β=-0.069) was negatively related to life satisfaction.", "Digital literacy(β=0.145) and Social capital(β=0.425) were positively related to life satisfaction.", "Digital literacy and social capital were positively associated with life satisfaction.", "In addition, this study considered the effects of lifestyle-based apps, while past studies only focused on communication- and leisure-based smartphone activities as factors influencing life satisfaction in adults in their 50s-60s.", "This study can provide a theoretical framework for therapeutic interventions to improve life satisfaction in the elderly." ]

[ "As the field of public health rises to the demands of real-time surveillance and rapid data-sharing needs in a postpandemic world, it is time to examine our approaches to the dissemination and accessibility of such data.", "Distinct challenges exist when working to develop a shared public health language and narratives based on data.", "It requires that we assess our understanding of public health data literacy, revisit our approach to communication and engagement, and continuously evaluate our impact and relevance.", "Key stakeholders and cocreators are critical to this process and include people with lived experience, community organizations, governmental partners, and research institutions.", "In this viewpoint paper, we offer an instructive approach to the tools we used, assessed, and adapted across 3 unique overdose data dashboard projects in Rhode Island, United States.", "We are calling this model the \"Rhode Island Approach to Public Health Data Literacy, Partnerships, and Action.\"", "This approach reflects the iterative lessons learned about the improvement of data dashboards through collaboration and strong partnerships across community members, state agencies, and an academic research team.", "We will highlight key tools and approaches that are accessible and engaging and allow developers and stakeholders to self-assess their goals for their data dashboards and evaluate engagement with these tools by their desired audiences and users." ]

[ "As the final stage of questionnaire analysis, causal reasoning is the key to turning responses into valuable insights and actionable items for decision-makers.", "During the questionnaire analysis, classical statistical methods (e.g., Differences-in-Differences) have been widely exploited to evaluate causality between questions.", "However, due to the huge search space and complex causal structure in data, causal reasoning is still extremely challenging and time-consuming, and often conducted in a trial-and-error manner.", "On the other hand, existing visual methods of causal reasoning face the challenge of bringing scalability and expert knowledge together and can hardly be used in the questionnaire scenario.", "In this work, we present a systematic solution to help analysts effectively and efficiently explore questionnaire data and derive causality.", "Based on the association mining algorithm, we dig question combinations with potential inner causality and help analysts interactively explore the causal sub-graph of each question combination.", "Furthermore, leveraging the requirements collected from the experts, we built a visualization tool and conducted a comparative study with the state-of-the-art system to show the usability and efficiency of our system." ]

[ "As the genetic counseling workforce experiences an increase in genetic counselors (GCs) in non-direct patient care roles, it is essential that genetic counseling students are trained in these settings.", "The Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) standards regarding laboratory exposure have evolved over time, but laboratory fieldwork experience continues to remain a suggestion for a diversified setting.", "As more trainees seek laboratory exposure and an increasing number of new graduates opt for laboratory positions, learning firsthand from GCs employed in this setting is a valuable experience that should be available to all trainees.", "Historically, laboratory educational offerings consisted of onsite rotations for students from local training programs focused on understanding diagnostic testing methodologies and shadowing GCs.", "Through the years, multiple laboratories have expanded their curriculums to expose students to variant interpretation and report writing, research, client services, marketing, and product development.", "Alongside the growth of laboratory rotation curriculum grew opportunities for remote rotations.", "Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, GeneDx offered remote education options including both individualized rotations and a webinar series.", "These offerings expanded due to the pandemic coupled with increased demand and have positive implications for future trainees.", "The evolution of the rotation also included conscious efforts to incorporate diversity, equity, and inclusion into the curriculum, as well as to improved accessibility to laboratory rotations.", "Notably, there are inconsistencies in laboratory rotation curricula and requirements, and a standardized evaluation and definition of competencies are lacking.", "ACGC guidelines defining common core concepts required from laboratory rotations would help ensure students receive an equitable minimum skill set, regardless of training site.", "Stakeholders in GC education should collaborate to enhance the experiences of future trainees and provide the skills needed by a workforce shifting to remote work and increasing numbers of non-direct patient-facing laboratory roles.", "Drawing upon our years of experience, GeneDx aims to actively contribute to discussions around these questions.", "Alongside other laboratories and training programs, we hope to foster further innovation surrounding the training needs of our future GC colleagues.", "This educational innovation illustrates an approach to helping genetic counseling students achieve competencies related to lab-based roles." ]

[ "As the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, the sustainable development of clean energy projects has become an important topic of research.", "in order to optimize the performance and sustainability of clean energy projects, this work explores the environmental and economic benefits of the clean energy industry.", "through the use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) Multi-factor models and a bi-level multi-objective approach, this work conducts comprehensive assessment and optimization.", "with wind power base a as a case study, the work describes the material consumption of wind turbines, transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and infrastructure material consumption through descriptive statistics.", "Moreover, this work analyzes the characteristics of different wind turbine models in depth.", "On one hand, the SVM multi-factor model is used to predict and assess the profitability of Wind Power Base A.", "On the other hand, a bi-level multi-objective approach is applied to optimize the number of units, internal rate of return within the project, and annual average equivalent utilization hours of the Wind Power Base A.", "The research results indicate that in March, the WilderHill New Energy Global Innovation Index (NEX) was 0.91053, while the predicted value of the SVM multi-factor model was 0.98596.", "The predicted value is slightly higher than the actual value, demonstrating the model's good grasp of future returns.", "The cumulative rate of return of Wind Power Base A is 18.83%, with an annualized return of 9.47%, exceeding the market performance by 1.68%.", "Under the optimization of the bi-level multi-objective approach, the number of units at Wind Power Base A decreases from the original 7004 to 5860, with total purchase and transportation costs remaining basically unchanged.", "The internal rate of return of the project increases from 8% to 9.3%, and the annual equivalent utilization hours increase to 2044 h, comprehensively improving the investment return and utilization efficiency of the wind power base.", "Through optimization, significant improvements are achieved in terAs the global demand for clean energy continues to grow, the sustainable development of clean energy projects has become an important topic of research.", "In order to optimize the performance and sustainability of clean energy projects, this work explores the environmental and economic benefits of the clean energy industry.", "Through the use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) multi-factor models and a bi-level multi-objective approach, this work conducts comprehensive assessment and optimization.", "With Wind Power Base A as a case study, the work describes the material consumption of wind turbines, transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and infrastructure material consumption through descriptive statistics.", "Moreover, this work analyzes the characteristics of different wind turbine models in depth.", "On one hand, the SVM multi-factor model is used to predict and assess the profitability of Wind Power Base A.", "On the other hand, a bi-level multi-objective approach is applied to optimize the number of units, internal rate of return within the project, and annual average equivalent utilization hours of the Wind Power Base A.", "The research results indicate that in March, the WilderHill New Energy Global Innovation Index (NEX) was 0.91053, while the predicted value of the SVM multi-factor model was 0.98596.", "The predicted value is slightly higher than the actual value, demonstrating the model's good grasp of future returns.", "The cumulative rate of return of Wind Power Base A is 18.83%, with an annualized return of 9.47%, exceeding the market performance by 1.68%.", "Under the optimization of the bi-level multi-objective approach, the number of units at Wind Power Base A decreases from the original 7004 to 5860, with total purchase and transportation costs remaining basically unchanged.", "The internal rate of return of the project increases from 8% to 9.3%, and the annual equivalent utilization hours increase to 2044 h, comprehensively improving the investment return and utilization efficiency of the wind power base.", "Through optimization, significant improvements are achieved in terms of the number of units, internal rate of return within the project, and annual average equivalent utilization hours at Wind Power Base A.", "The number of units decreases to 5860, with total purchase and transportation costs remaining basically unchanged, the internal rate of return increases to 9.3%, and annual equivalent utilization hours increase to 2044 h. Energy consumption and CO2 emissions are significantly reduced, with energy consumption decreasing by 0.68 × 109 kgce and CO2 emissions decreasing by 1.29 × 109 kg.", "The optimization effects are mainly concentrated in the production and installation stages, with emission reductions achieved through the recycling and disposal of materials consumed in the early stages.", "In terms of investment benefits, environmental benefits are enhanced, with a 13.93% reduction in CO2 emissions.", "Moreover, there is improved energy efficiency, with the energy input-output ratio increasing from 7.73 to 9.31.", "This indicates that the Wind Power Base A project has significant environmental and energy efficiency advantages in the clean energy industry.", "This work innovatively provides a comprehensive assessment and optimization scheme for clean energy projects and predicts the profitability of Wind Power Base A using SVM multi-factor models.", "Besides, this work optimizes key parameters of the project using a bi-level multi-objective approach, thus comprehensively improving the investment return and utilization efficiency of the wind power base.", "This work provides innovative methods and strong data support for the development of the clean energy industry, which is of great significance for promoting sustainable development under the backdrop of green finance." ]

[ "As the healthcare landscape undergoes transformative shifts due to factors like ageing demographics, technological innovations, rapid global dissemination of infectious diseases, and imperatives for accessible, cost-effective care, a pressing need emerges for the contemporisation of nursing education.", "Notably, there is a paucity of research delving into nurses' introspective evaluations of their educational experiences after their immersion in professional settings.", "This study aimed to examine nurses' evaluations of their educational background over 30 years and identify relationships between their assessments and their demographic.", "The study embraced a recurrent cross-sectional survey methodology, encompassing three distinct quantitative cross-sectional evaluations conducted in the years 1999, 2009, and 2021.", "The cohort for this inquiry consisted of nurses stationed in Estonian general hospitals and inpatient departments of developmental plan institutions, each with at least one year of professional experience.", "Cumulatively, 832 nurses were engaged across three sequential evaluations: Study I (n = 463), Study II (n = 198), and Study III (n = 171).", "Data procurement was executed via a structured survey, with subsequent analytical procedures encompassing descriptive and correlational methodologies.", "A discernible augmentation in the educational calibre of nurses was observed with each successive evaluation.", "This escalation concomitated enhanced positive assessments in areas like evidence-informed education, skill development, and autonomous operational capabilities.", "Yet, a critical appraisal persisted concerning their competencies in navigating complex patient interactions and addressing socio-religious dilemmas.", "The merit of this investigation lies in its illumination of nursing education's evolution, as perceived retrospectively by nurses who have operationalized their academic learnings in real-world scenarios.", "Their vantage point, inherently informed by practice, uniquely positions them to earmark avenues of refinement.", "This exploration paves the way for enrichments in nursing education, spotlighting the imperative of equipping nurses to adeptly manage intricate situations." ]

[ "As the infectious disease (ID) workforce encounters increasing demand for services with fewer physicians entering the field, advanced practice providers (APPs) in infectious disease offer a unique ability to enhance high-quality patient care.", "However, little is known about their incorporation into ID, their utilization in immunocompromised settings, or their future use.", "This article reviews currently known data on APPs in ID including how some groups have used APPs and provides a framework for thoughtful, deliberate steps to incorporate APPs into the ID medical team, including transplant infectious disease.", "Highlighted specifically are education and mentorship opportunities with ideas for curriculum development and onboarding approaches.", "Strategic steps must be taken for APP inclusion as the medical landscape continues to change, patient complexity increases, and the ID team of the future takes shape." ]

[ "As the internet develops and 5G technology becomes increasingly prominent, the internet has become a major source of health-related information.", "Increasingly, people use the internet to find health-related information, and digital health literacy is now a set of essential capabilities to improve their health in the digital era.", "However, little is known about the factors that influencing digital health literacy.", "This study aimed to assess digital health literacy scores and identify its influencing factors among internet users in China.", "Additionally, this study explored the participant's actual skills using an additional set of performance-based items from the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI).", "An online cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2022.", "Participants aged ≥18 years were recruited to complete the survey.", "Data were collected using the Chinese revised version of the DHLI, the self-reported internet use questionnaire, and the sociodemographic questionnaire.", "We conducted multivariate linear regression analyses to explore the relationships among the sociodemographic variables, behavior of internet use, and the digital health literacy scores.", "In total, 702 participants completed the survey.", "The mean DHLI score was 2.69 ± 0.61.", "Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the age groups 35-49 (β = - 0.08, P = 0.033), 50-64 (β = - 0.161, P < 0.001), and ≥ 65 (β = - 0.138, P < 0.001) were negatively associated with DHL scores.", "However, education level, including bachelor's or associate degree (β = 0.255, P = 0.002) and master's degree and above (β = 0.256, P < 0.001), frequency of health-related Internet usage (β = 0.192, P < 0.001), the number of digital devices used (β = 0.129, P = 0.001), and OHISB (β = 0.103, P = 0.006) showed a positive relationship with DHL scores.", "The study findings demonstrate that age, educational levels, number of technological devices used, and greater use of the web for health information were independently associated with DHL scores.", "Healthcare providers should consider providing training programs tailored to specific sociodemographic factors to improve the ability that find and use accurate information online to meet digital health services, which contributes to enhance their self-management and reduce health disparities." ]

[ "As the largest group of healthcare professionals, nurses play an indispensable and crucial role in disaster response.", "The enhancement of nurses' disaster literacy is imperative for effective disaster emergency management.", "However, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding nurses' disaster literacy.", "This study represents the first attempt to explore the key components and characteristics of disaster literacy among nurses.", "A qualitative descriptive design was employed, and the reporting followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines (refer to File S1).", "The purposive sampling method was utilized.", "Thirty-one rescue nurses from 31 medical institutions across 25 provinces and regions in China were recruited to participate in the study.", "The respondents were requested to share their experiences and insights regarding disaster rescue operations.", "Inductive content analysis was employed for data examination.", "The results indicated that rescue nurses universally recognized that there was a pressing need to enhance the level of disaster literacy among nurses.", "The disaster literacy of nurses encompasses nine dimensions: physical and mental quality, disaster rescue general knowledge, professional and technical competence, professional ethics, teamwork, emotional ability, information literacy, leadership, and knowledge transformation.", "To ensure national sustainability, government departments, healthcare organizations, and hospital administrators can accurately evaluate the disaster literacy of individual clinical nurses, groups, and the workforce as a whole through nine dimensions, which also can provide evidence to support the development of precision strategies to strengthen the disaster literacy of nurses." ]

[ "As the main driver of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, the learning and development level of college students is a core indicator of the quality of talent cultivation.", "The current status of college students' learning has always been a heavily researched topic.", "However, there is a lack of academic research on the potential mechanisms of self-control about how it affects college students' learning engagement.", "This study explored the relationship between college students' self-control and learning engagement and the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship with reference to a large sample.", "A total of 765 college students from Guangxi, China, completed the self-control scale, the resilience scale, the positive emotions scale, and the learning engagement scale.", "SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct common method bias tests, descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and regression analyses.", "Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested.", "This article mainly used questionnaires to collect data and, on this basis, examined the relationship between self-control, resilience, positive emotions, and the learning engagement of college students.", "The results showed that (1) self-control positively affected college students' learning engagement; (2) resilience partially mediated the relationship between self-control and college students' learning engagement; (3) positive emotions partially mediated the relationship between self-control and college students' learning engagement; and (4) resilience and positive emotions played a chain-mediating role between self-control and college students' learning engagement.", "The present study identifies the potential mechanism underlying the association between the self-control and learning engagement of college students.", "The results of this study have practical implications for enhancing the learning engagement of Chinese college students by increasing their psychological resources and improving the teaching of university teachers." ]

[ "As the management of gastrointestinal malignancy has evolved, tumor response assessment has expanded from size-based assessments to those that include tumor enhancement, in addition to functional data such as those derived from PET and diffusion-weighted imaging.", "Accurate interpretation of tumor response therefore requires knowledge of imaging modalities used in gastrointestinal malignancy, anticancer therapies, and tumor biology.", "Targeted therapies such as immunotherapy pose additional considerations due to unique imaging response patterns and drug toxicity; as a consequence, immunotherapy response criteria have been developed.", "Some gastrointestinal malignancies require assessment with tumor-specific criteria when assessing response, often to guide clinical management (such as watchful waiting in rectal cancer or suitability for surgery in pancreatic cancer).", "Moreover, anatomic measurements can underestimate therapeutic response when applied to molecular-targeted therapies or locoregional therapies in hypervascular malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma.", "In these cases, responding tumors may exhibit morphologic changes including cystic degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhage, often without significant reduction in size.", "Awareness of pitfalls when interpreting gastrointestinal tumor response is required to correctly interpret response assessment imaging and guide appropriate oncologic management.", "Data-driven image analyses such as radiomics have been investigated in a variety of gastrointestinal tumors, such as identifying those more likely to respond to therapy or recur, with the aim of delivering precision medicine.", "Multimedia-enhanced radiology reports can facilitate communication of gastrointestinal tumor response by automatically embedding response categories, key data, and representative images.", "©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material." ]

[ "As the millennial generation enters the nursing profession, simulation takes on a key role in effective pedagogy.", "We sought to examine the efficacy of simulation versus case scenario as a teaching method for novice nursing students in the skill of nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding.", "We assessed the knowledge, competency, self-confidence, and satisfaction among these nursing students.", "This quasi-experimental study was used to compare the efficacy of simulation and case scenarios in promoting knowledge, clinical competency, self-learning, and self-confidence among novice nursing students in the Middle East.", "The study sample included 69 students registered for the Fundamentals of Nursing Laboratory course at the College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, during the spring and fall 2016 semesters.", "Thirty-five students were assigned to the intervention group and attended a simulation, while 34 students were assigned to the control group and were given the standard case scenario used in teaching this course.", "The competency of the students on NGT feeding skill was measured after a simulation or case scenario.", "In both groups, the majority of students were ≤ 20 years old, female, hailed from rural areas, and had a cumulative grade point average of > 2.5.", "Data showed a significant improvement in the mean scores of competency between the intervention and control groups (t(67) = 3.869, p < 0.001) suggesting that simulation was effective in gaining competency compared to the case scenario.", "There was a positive statistical significance between satisfaction and self-confidence among the intervention group.", "Simulation has an effective role in clinical education for teaching practical skills.", "However, in this study, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores between the two methods of teaching.", "This helped us to conclude that competency gained by novice students' learning a skill through simulation, was better than the competency gained through case scenario.", "We recommend simulation as an effective pedagogy among novice nursing students.", "Self Confidence; Female; Students, Nursing; Clinical Competence; Personal Satisfaction; Oman; Enteral Nutrition; Learning." ]

[ "As the number of people with heart failure and treatment complexity increases, many hospitals are implementing Advanced Heart Failure Intensive Care Units (AHFICU).", "However, little evidence concerning the clinical characteristics of people admitted to AHFICUs exists.", "Understanding the clinical characteristics of people admitted to the AHFICU will assist nurses with implementing tailored interventions to ensure high-quality care delivery.", "The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of people who are admitted to and discharged from an AHFICU.", "Baseline data from a longitudinal descriptive study were collected on adults (N = 43) admitted to an AHFICU.", "Heart failure severity, self-management ability, cognition, sleep quality, and other clinical characteristics were assessed.", "Most study participants were New York Heart Association functional class IV (n = 24) or class III (n = 14), indicating poor functional capacity.", "Over half had mild cognitive impairment and poor sleep quality was prevalent (92.7%).", "Participants had adequate levels of heart failure knowledge, but low levels of heart failure self-management decision-making and ability.", "Interventions to address the unique clinical characteristics of AHFICU patients include sleep hygiene, integration of cognitive, sleep, and self-management assessments into the electronic medical record.", "Addressing the unique clinical needs of people with heart failure will lead to patient-centered, evidence-based, and safe care.", "Understanding characteristics of this population addresses this evidence gap and targeted clinical interventions to address unique discharge needs of this population are proposed.", "Sleep quality education should be done throughout hospitalization on sleep strategies and self-management coaching to facilitate adoption of new sleep routines.", "Healthcare providers should ensure each patient has care support upon discharge and take cognitive status into consideration during teaching.", "Addressing self-management readiness should include providing scenarios as part of discharge preparation.", "Providers must include addressing comorbidities and how they may affect heart failure self-management, such as teaching about sleep apnea device use and encouraging compliance." ]

[ "As the nursing organization environment evolves into one in which several generations work together, there are concerns about generational differences leading to conflicts.", "A synthesis of qualitative studies was used to gain insight into the experiences and perceptions of new nurses working in South Korean hospitals and identify generational differences between nurses of Generations X and Y.", "Eight databases were searched systematically for qualitative studies published up to June 2020.", "The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist for Qualitative Research was used to evaluate the quality of the retrieved studies, and the data were synthesized thematically using the Thomas and Harden method.", "Of the 2,482 studies retrieved, 19 were included in this meta-synthesis.", "The experience of new nurses were presented in the three analytical themes of work experience, interpersonal relationships, and adaptation, from which eight descriptive themes were derived: (a) dissatisfied with own work performance, (b) negative feedback on work outcomes, (c) irregular daily life, (d) colleagues who help adapt to work life or make work life harder, (e) feelings of sympathy toward peers, (f) disrespectful patients or caregivers, (g) effective reactions, and (h) ineffective reactions.", "Although the new nurses from Generations X and Y reported similar experiences during their first year of nursing, differences were found in their values and tendencies regarding work and interpersonal relationships.", "Compared with new Generation X nurses, new Generation Y nurses placed more value on the meaning of individual work contributions, intimacy with colleagues, and appropriate feedback.", "The findings of this study support nursing administrators implementing strategies that both acknowledge and reduce the impact of generational category on nursing teams.", "Furthermore, emphasizing communication and acknowledging ongoing change as generations progress may strengthen bonds that lead nurses to value each other and their work." ]

[ "As the popularity and demonstrated effectiveness of Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) continue to grow to address chronic disease prevalence worldwide, delivery of this approach in a group format is gaining traction, particularly in healthcare.", "Nonetheless, very little empirical work exists on group coaching and there are currently no published competencies for Group Health and Wellness Coaching (GHWC).", "We used a well-established two-phase (Development and Judgment) process to create and validate GHWC competencies with strong content validity.", "Seven highly qualified Subject Matter Experts systematically identified and proposed the GHWC competencies, which were then validated by 78 National Board Certified Health and Wellness Coaches (NBC-HWCs) currently practicing GHWC who rated the importance and use frequency of each one.", "The validation study led to 72 competencies which are organized into the structure and process of GHWC.", "GHWC requires not only coaching skills, but significant group facilitation skills to guide the group process to best support members in maximizing health and well-being through self-directed behavioral change.", "As the presence of HWC continues to grow, it is imperative that GHWC skill standards be accepted and implemented for the safety of the public, the effectiveness of the intervention, and the value analysis of the field.", "Such standards will guide curriculum development, allow for a more robust research agenda, and give practical guidance for health and wellness coaches to responsibly run groups.", "High quality standards for GHWC are particularly needed in health care, where a Level III Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) code for GHWC has been approved in the United States since 2019 and reimbursement of such has been approved by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid for 2024." ]

[ "As the wave of industrial intelligence (AI) swept, the demographic dividend era in the Chinese labor market continued to decrease.", "This study aimed to explore how AI reshaped the labor employment structure of the floating population.", "Additionally, it clarified the internal mechanism of AI on the employment structure of the floating population based on the existing AI model and the theoretical model of AI technology.", "At the same time, the workforce was divided into high-, medium-, and low-skilled groups according to education level.", "Empirical analysis was conducted using relevant data from 31 Chinese provinces spanning from 2012 to 2018.", "The aim was to test the impact of AI technology on the employment of different types of floating populations.", "The results indicated that: (1) industrial robots impacted heterogeneous skilled floating population labor by bipolar promotion and central substitution.", "(2) The application of industrial robots had a promotion effect on unfinished school and primary school groups, a substitution effect on middle school, high school/technical secondary school, and college specialties, and a promotion effect on college undergraduate and graduate students.", "(3) Distinguish employment status, industrial robot application had a significant negative impact on low-skilled employees and significant positive effects on high-skilled employers.", "Hence, it was recommended to put forward corresponding policy suggestions to address this issue." ]

[ "As the world's first oral nuclear export inhibitor, selinexor is increasingly being used in clinical applications for malignant tumors.", "However, there is no extensive exploration on selinexor's adverse events (ADEs), necessitating a real-word assessment of its clinical medication safety.", "FAERS data (July 2019-June 2023) were searched for selinexor ADE reports across all indications.", "Use the system organ class (SOC) and preferred terms (PT) from the medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) to describe, categorize, and statistic ADEs.", "Disproportionality analysis was employed through calculation of reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR).", "Based on total of 4392 selinexor related ADE reports as the primary suspect (PS), of which 2595 instances were severe outcomes.", "The predominant ADEs included gastrointestinal disorders, myelosuppression symptoms, and various nonspecific manifestations.", "124 signals associated with selinexor ADE were detected, and 10 of these top 15 signals were not included into the instructions.", "Our study provides real-world evidence regarding the drug safety of selinexor, which is crucial for clinicians to safeguard patients' health." ]

[ "As trainees rotate through thoracic subspecialties within their curricula, a crucial portion of their robotic training consists of actual console operating time.", "The more time spent on the surgeon console, the greater the development will be through the course of their training.", "Implementing a physician assistant at the bedside may increase the operative console time for the trainee and develop robotic skills in a more expeditious rate.", "The objective was to evaluate the impact a designated robotic physician assistant can have on trainee console learning opportunity.", "Operating room data collected consisted of all robotic general thoracic surgical cases that trainees participated in with and without a physician assistant present.", "Metrics regarding case efficiency included anesthesia ready-to-incision, incision-to-console, and raw resident console times.", "By using PRISM software, a nonparametric t test was used to analyze each averaged data group compared between when a physician assistant was present and not present.", "The mean resident console time without and with a physician assistant assist was 45.8 minutes and 80.9 minutes, respectively (P < .0001).", "The average portion of a case performed by a trainee similarly without and with a physician assistant present was 28.0% and 77.1%, respectively (P < .0001).", "Case efficiency metrics between physician assistant presence cohorts showed no difference.", "Thoracic surgical trainees have increased opportunity for robotic skill development within a fellowship or resident program curriculum when a designated robotic physician assistant is present in the operating room.", "These findings are significant for the improvement of residency and fellowship robotic training models moving forward by incorporating robotic-specialized physician assistants in academic institutions." ]

[ "As uncertainty visualizations for general audiences become increasingly common, designers must understand the full impact of uncertainty communication techniques on viewers' decision processes.", "Prior work demonstrates mixed performance outcomes with respect to how individuals make decisions using various visual and textual depictions of uncertainty.", "Part of the inconsistency across findings may be due to an over-reliance on task accuracy, which cannot, on its own, provide a comprehensive understanding of how uncertainty visualization techniques support reasoning processes.", "In this work, we advance the debate surrounding the efficacy of modern 1D uncertainty visualizations by conducting converging quantitative and qualitative analyses of both the effort and strategies used by individuals when provided with quantile dotplots, density plots, interval plots, mean plots, and textual descriptions of uncertainty.", "We utilize two approaches for examining effort across uncertainty communication techniques: a measure of individual differences in working-memory capacity known as an operation span (OSPAN) task and self-reports of perceived workload via the NASA-TLX.", "The results reveal that both visualization methods and working-memory capacity impact participants' decisions.", "Specifically, quantile dotplots and density plots (i.e., distributional annotations) result in more accurate judgments than interval plots, textual descriptions of uncertainty, and mean plots (i.e., summary annotations).", "Additionally, participants' open-ended responses suggest that individuals viewing distributional annotations are more likely to employ a strategy that explicitly incorporates uncertainty into their judgments than those viewing summary annotations.", "When comparing quantile dotplots to density plots, this work finds that both methods are equally effective for low-working-memory individuals.", "However, for individuals with high-working-memory capacity, quantile dotplots evoke more accurate responses with less perceived effort.", "Given these results, we advocate for the inclusion of converging behavioral and subjective workload metrics in addition to accuracy performance to further disambiguate meaningful differences among visualization techniques." ]

[ "As with a quantitative study, critical analysis of a qualitative study involves an in-depth review of how each step of the research was undertaken.", "Qualitative and quantitative studies are, however, fundamentally different approaches to research and therefore need to be considered differently with regard to critiquing.", "The different philosophical underpinnings of the various qualitative research methods generate discrete ways of reasoning and distinct terminology; however, there are also many similarities within these methods.", "Because of this and its subjective nature, qualitative research it is often regarded as more difficult to critique.", "Nevertheless, an evidenced-based profession such as nursing cannot accept research at face value, and nurses need to be able to determine the strengths and limitations of qualitative as well as quantitative research studies when reviewing the available literature on a topic." ]

[ "As with other chronic diseases, the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be expected to be positively influenced if patients are well informed about their disease and undertake appropriate self-management.", "Assessments of the level of knowledge and management that are comparable should benefit from structured, systematically developed questionnaires.", "These, however, have not been published in Germany.", "A total of 310 patients with COPD were recruited from three pneumological practices and one hospital to develop the questionnaires.", "Based on statistical criteria and content assessments by medical specialists, two questionnaires on knowledge (17 questions) and self-management (25 questions) were developed by selecting and modifying questions from published studies and training programs.", "In addition, two short versions with 5 and 3 questions were created to enable a quick assessment of the patients' knowledge and self-management.", "All questionnaires also included a visual analogue scale for self-assessment of knowledge and self-management.", "The statistical procedures for systematically guided selection comprised correlation and regression analyses.", "The questionnaires revealed considerable knowledge deficits in many patients and remarkably unsystematic, incoherent knowledge.", "The extent of this knowledge was negatively correlated with higher age and positively correlated with participation in training programs; this also applied to self-management.", "Correlations between the answers to the knowledge questions were higher in patients who had participated in training programs.", "The visual analogue scales for self-assessment of knowledge and management always correlated with the total number of correct answers.", "The questionnaires on knowledge and self-management in patients with COPD could be used in outpatient settings, including by non-medical staff, in order to quickly identify and correct deficits or as a reason to recommend training programs.", "The short versions and the analogue scales for self-assessment can give at least first hints.", "Potentially, training programs should focus more on promoting the coherence of knowledge through better understanding, as this presumably favors long-term knowledge.", "Older patients and those with a low level of education appear to be particularly in need of specially adapted training programs." ]

[ "Ascertaining the similarity amongst molecules is a fundamental problem in biology and drug discovery.", "Since similar molecules tend to have similar biological properties, the notion of molecular similarity plays an important role in exploration of molecular structural space, query-retrieval in molecular databases, and in structure-activity modeling.", "This problem is related to the issue of molecular representation.", "Currently, approaches with high descriptive power like 3D surface-based representations are available.", "However, most techniques tend to focus on 2D graph-based molecular similarity due to the complexity that accompanies reasoning with more elaborate representations.", "This paper addresses the problem of determining similarity when molecules are described using complex surface-based representations.", "It proposes an intrinsic, spherical representation that systematically maps points on a molecular surface to points on a standard coordinate system (a sphere).", "Molecular geometry, molecular fields, and effects due to field super-positioning can then be captured as distributions on the surface of the sphere.", "Molecular similarity is obtained by computing the similarity of the corresponding property distributions using a novel formulation of histogram-intersection.", "This method is robust to noise, obviates molecular pose-optimization, can incorporate conformational variations, and facilitates highly efficient determination of similarity.", "Retrieval performance, applications in structure-activity modeling of complex biological properties, and comparisons with existing research and commercial methods demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the approach." ]

[ "Asia has a marked shortage of neurosurgical care, with approximately 2.5 million critical cases left untreated.", "The Young Neurosurgeons Forum of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies surveyed Asian neurosurgeons to identify research, education, and practice.", "A cross-sectional study using a pilot-tested e-survey was circulated to the Asian neurosurgical community from April to November 2018.", "Descriptive statistics were used to summarize variables pertaining to demographics and neurosurgical practices.", "The chi-square test was used to explore the relationship between World Bank income level and variables on neurosurgical practices.", "A total of 242 responses were analyzed.", "Respondents were mostly from the low- and middle-income countries (70%).", "Most represented institutions were teaching hospitals (53%).", "More than 50% of the hospitals had between 25and 50 neurosurgical beds.", "Access to an operating microscope (P = 0.038) or image guidance system (P = 0.001) appeared to increase in correlation to a higher World Bank income level.", "Limited opportunities for conducting research (56%) and hands-on operating opportunities (45%) were leading challenges in daily academic practice.", "The leading challenges were limited numbers of intensive care unit beds (51%), inadequate or absent insurance coverage (45%), and lack of organized perihospital care (43%).", "Inadequate insurance coverage decreased with increasing World Bank income levels (P < 0.001).", "Organized perihospital care (P = 0.001), regular magnetic resonance imaging access (P = 0.032), and equipment necessary for microsurgery (P = 0.007) increased with higher World Bank income levels.", "Improving neurosurgical care hinges on regional and international collaboration and national policies to ensure universal access to essential neurosurgical care." ]

[ "Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) has emerged as a significant pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and currently is within the top five isolated organisms reported in several international CF patient registries.", "A. fumigatus has been attributed to disease progression, although its role remains controversial.", "There is a paucity of reports on its infection dynamics, it was the aim of this study to examine time to first laboratory reports of A. fumigatus acquisition and to correlate this with patient gender and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation type.", "One hundred adult (≥ 18 years) CF patients were examined (50 females, 50 males; mean age 24.6 years ± 6.25 (SD), median age 24 years; maximum age 76 years).", "CFTR mutation groups consisted (i) F508del/F508del homozygous (n = 45), (ii) F508del/other heterozygous (n = 45) and (iii) others (n = 10).", "CFTR mutation type, patient gender, presence/absence of A. fumigatus and time (months) to first isolation of A. fumigatus were examined.", "Microbiological data was examined from 100 patients from birth to present (31/12/2021), equating to 2455 patient years.", "A. fumigatus was isolated from 66/100 (66%) adult CF patients; (i) F508del/F508del homozygous (82%; 37/45), (ii) F508del/other heterozygous (56%; 25/45) and (iii) others (40%; 4/10).", "Within the F508del/other heterozygous group, 14 mutations were noted on the second allele, with R560T and R117H collectively accounting for 36% of the second mutations.", "Four unique allele/allele mutations were noted in the Other Mutations category.", "There was a trend to a higher A. fumigatus acquisition in F508del/F508del homozygous patients than with F508del/other patients (p = 0.0529).", "Of the 66 patients who were positive for A. fumigatus, 35(53%) were male and 31(47%) were female.", "The median and mean time to first isolation of A. fumigatus in all A. fumigatus-positive patients was 119.5 months and 128 months, respectively, shortest time was 12 months, longest time 288 months.", "There was a statistical significance in time-to-first isolation in relation to CFTR mutation group (p = 0.0272), whereby F508del homozygous individuals had their first isolation of A. fumigatus at 116.8 ± 7.9 months (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)) and F508del heterozygous patients had their first isolate of A. fumigatus at 150.4 months ± 13.7 months (mean ± SEM), approximately 2.75 years after their F508del homozygous peers.", "There was no significant difference (p = 0.12) in time to first acquisiton between males and females, whereby males had their first A. fumigatus isolate at 118 ± 9.4 months, whereas females had their first A. fumigatus isolate at 140 ± 10.8 months.", "The highest rate of first A. fumigatus isolation was from 4 years until 16 years and by the age of 16 years, approximately 85% of A. fumigatus-positive patients had recorded their first A. fumigatus isolate.", "To minimise the risk of first acquisition of A. fumigatus, it is important that infection prevention educational messaging is delivered in the paediatric clinic, to enhance health literacy around A. fumigatus acquisition." ]

[ "Assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of paediatric dentists towards dentomaxillofacial imaging and correlate findings with practitioner and practice-specific characteristics.", "An online questionnaire was sent to all paediatric dentists who attended a scientific seminar organized by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) regarding dental radiology.", "Data regarding available equipment, number, type and reason for performing radiographs, frequency and reasoning for retakes were collected.", "Data analysis was performed according to practitioner- and practice-specific characteristics and factors directly associated with the type and frequency of radiographs taken, and reason and frequency of repeats were determined.", "Significant differences were tested using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.", "Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.", "More than half of the participants (58%) reported having digital radiographic equipment and almost 1/4 (23%) conventional.", "A panoramic equipment was available in 39% working places and a CBCT scanner in 41%.", "Two thirds of the participants reported taking up to 10 intra-oral radiographs per week, mainly for trauma (75%) and caries diagnosis (47%).", "Extra-oral radiographs were prescribed to monitor development (75%) and for orthodontic evaluation, (63%) with a frequency of less than 5 weekly (45%).", "Participants reported that they repeat radiographs in a frequency of < 5 per week (70%) mainly due to patient's movement (55%).", "The majority of paediatric dentists within Europe use digital imaging equipment for both intra- and extra-oral radiographs.", "Nevertheless, great variation in practices exists and, therefore, continuous education in oral imaging is crucial to maintain high quality standards for the radiographic examination of patients." ]

[ "Assess the periodontal health literacy of German adolescents, adults and senior residents.", "The prevalence of periodontitis is high.", "One explanation for this may be that people lack periodontal health literacy (PHL).", "This was a cross-sectional descriptive study.", "Former participants of the 5th German Oral Health Study (n = 333 16-year-olds, n = 307 39-48-year-olds, n = 332 69-78-year-olds) participated in a computer-assisted telephone interview.", "Open-ended questions (OEQs) were used to assess the participants' current knowledge.", "Corresponding single- and multiple-choice questions (SCQs and MCQs) supplemented the OEQs to allow detailed analyses of the nature of the knowledge gaps.", "Less than 10% of the participants in the three age groups could explain the term 'periodontitis' or select the correct answer in an SCQ.", "Responding to the OEQs, 89% of 16-year olds, 64% of 39-48-year-olds, and 59% of 69-78-year-olds, could not name any consequence of periodontitis, and 83%, 51%, and 60%, respectively, could not name any risk factors.", "The OEQs regarding proper oral hygiene behaviour revealed that participants lacked awareness regarding important aspects of oral hygiene (e.g., systematics) or areas to which they should pay attention to (e.g., interdental spaces and gingival margins).", "The survey revealed PHL deficits in German adolescents, adults, and seniors and a need for community-based measures to improve PHL in all age groups.", "Dental teams should be aware that their patients might lack the PHL necessary for understanding and adherence to professional dental advice, and that they might even lack PHL regarding the proper use of oral hygiene devices." ]

[ "Assessing health-related quality of life has become integral to people living with HIV (PLHIV) follow-up.", "However, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of oral health on quality of life, known as Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals in Rwanda.", "The study aimed to assess OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative counterparts in Kigali, Rwanda.", "The Oral Health Impact Profile short version (OHIP-14) questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 200 PLHIV and 200 HIV-negative adults (≥ 18 years old) at an HIV clinic of Kigali Teaching Hospital (CHUK).", "Socio-demographic characteristics, including age, sex, occupation, and socioeconomic status (SES) of participants, were collected using a survey questionnaire.", "A 4-point Likert scale was used to assess the frequency of oral impacts for all 14 items within 7 domains of the OHIP tool.", "The descriptive statistics were used to see frequencies and percentages of OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative persons, respectively.", "The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of OHRQoL with caries (DMFT) and periodontal disease (CPITN) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals.", "The results revealed a higher prevalence of PLHIV with poor OHRQoL than HIV-negative individuals in 5 domains and almost all items of OHIP-14 except for the OHIP 3 (found it uncomfortable to eat any foods because of problems with teeth or mouth) and OHIP-14 (being totally unable to function because of problems with teeth or mouth).", "The findings showed statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.05) for the OHIP1 item \"trouble pronouncing any word,\" with a prevalence of 2.5% (n = 11) and 2.25% (n = 9) in PLHIV and HIV-negative, respectively.", "Also, PLHIV had a significantly higher prevalence, 2.75% (n = 11) for the OHIP 13 item \"life not satisfying due to teeth and mouth problems compared to HIV-negative individuals 2% (8) p ≤ 0.05.", "Moreover, dental caries was significantly associated with poor OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults and for all 14 items of the OHIP tool.", "Periodontal disease was not significantly associated with OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults.", "This study revealed poor OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative adults.", "There is a need for further longitudinal studies to investigate the OHRQoL in Rwanda, especially among PLHIV.", "It is essential to include oral health care as one of the components of the medical health care programs for PLHIV in Rwanda." ]

[ "Assessing learner performance is a primary focus within simulation-based education in order to prepare students with the knowledge and skills they will need going forward in their careers.", "In order to properly conduct these assessments of learner performance, faculty must be adequately trained on the scenario, expectations, assessment measures, and debriefing.", "During Operation Bushmaster, a five-day \"deployment\" for learners, faculty assess students as they rotate through different leadership roles.", "The faculty development includes online and in-person training that provides them with an understanding of the scenario; what learners know; the framework used at USU to guide curriculum, development, and assessment; how to assess learners; and how to provide feedback to learners.", "Research has examined the value of receiving assessment and feedback from a student perspective, but the impact of being the assessor and giving feedback has not been researched from the faculty point of view.", "The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the impact of assessing students in simulation scenarios on faculty's own development as an educator and leader.", "Through a phenomenological qualitative study, we explored participants' lived experiences as faculty at Operation Bushmaster.", "Eighteen faculty from a variety of medical specialties and military ranks volunteered to participate.", "Participants were interviewed in-person using a semi-structured interview.", "Analyses included individually reading through each transcript; then individually coding and taking notes of terms and phrases used by participants; codes were compiled and organized into categories, which became the themes of our study.", "The interviews demonstrated the following themes in which providers who serve as faculty of Operation Bushmaster believe they gain from the experience: (1) The experience helps to reground their own thinking; (2) acting as faculty during simulation-based education helps them remain up-to-date on necessary skills; and (3) working with students helps faculty continually develop as an educator and a leader.", "This work describes how even when faculty are brought in for learner assessment, they are taking away lessons and experiences that aid in their own development as an educator as well as a leader.", "Acting as an assessing faculty for students may allow faculty to reground their own thinking, remain up-to-date on necessary skills, and continually develop their skills as an educator and leader.", "These findings suggest that some faculty involved in simulation events may also gain knowledge, skills, and experiences that can help with their own development even when the focus is on learners." ]

[ "Assessing parent-child relationship in sleep behaviours is important for facilitating changes in the sleep guideline compliance in preschool age children.", "The aim of this study was to examine accelerometer-measured sleep quantity and quality in families with children aged 3-8 years and investigate the parents' influence on the child's sleep.", "The data were obtained from the Czech cross-sectional FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep (FAMIPASS) study, with a final sample of 374 families.", "Families were recruited through the enrolment of their children in kindergartens/primary schools between March 2022 and May 2023.", "The sleep time window and total sleep time were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer.", "Participants wore this device continuously for 24 h/day over a period of 7 consecutive days.", "Demographic data and potential correlates were obtained via questionnaires completed by parents.", "Statistical analyses were completed using logistic regression and independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test.", "In all, 65.5% of children (60% boys, 70.9% girls) and 58.3% of parents (52.4% fathers, 64.3% mothers) achieved the recommended sleep duration.", "Greater sleep quantity and duration in good-quality sleep were significantly higher in girls/mothers, compared to boys/fathers.", "Preschoolers were more likely to comply with sleep guidelines if their mother (but not father) met the sleep recommendation and their mothers did not have a higher education level.", "Adhering to sleep guidelines in children was also associated with children's female gender, absence of screen device in the bedroom, and being more active.", "Given the high concurrence in mother-child sleep quantity, it is important to promote healthy sleep behaviours in the whole family." ]

[ "Assessing the past habitability of Mars and searching for evidence of ancient life at Jezero crater via the Perseverance rover are the key objectives of NASA's Mars 2020 mission.", "Onboard the rover, PIXL (Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry) is one of the best suited instruments to search for microbial biosignatures due to its ability to characterize chemical composition of fine scale textures in geological targets using a nondestructive technique.", "PIXL is also the first micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer onboard a Mars rover.", "Here, we present guidelines for identifying and investigating a microbial biosignature in an aeolian environment using PIXL-analogous micro-XRF (μXRF) analyses.", "We collected samples from a modern wet aeolian environment at Padre Island, Texas, that contain buried microbial mats, and we analyzed them using μXRF techniques analogous to how PIXL is being operated on Mars.", "We show via μXRF technique and microscope images the geochemical and textural variations from the surface to ∼40 cm depth.", "Microbial mats are associated with heavy-mineral lags and show specific textural and geochemical characteristics that make them a distinct biosignature for this environment.", "Upon burial, they acquire a diffuse texture due to the expansion and contraction of gas-filled voids, and they present a geochemical signature rich in iron and titanium, which is due to the trapping of heavy minerals.", "We show that these intrinsic characteristics can be detected via μXRF analyses, and that they are distinct from buried abiotic facies such as cross-stratification and adhesion ripple laminations.", "We also designed and conducted an interactive survey using the Padre Island μXRF data to explore how different users chose to investigate a biosignature-bearing dataset via PIXL-like sampling strategies.", "We show that investigating biosignatures via PIXL-like analyses is heavily influenced by technical constraints (e.g., the XRF measurement characteristics) and by the variety of approaches chosen by different scientists.", "Lessons learned for accurately identifying and characterizing this biosignature in the context of rover-mission constraints include defining relative priorities among measurements, favoring a multidisciplinary approach to the decision-making process of XRF measurements selection, and considering abiotic results to support or discard a biosignature interpretation.", "Our results provide guidelines for PIXL analyses of potential biosignature on Mars." ]

[ "Assessing the research of individual scholars is currently a matter of serious concern and worldwide debate.", "In order to gauge the long-term efficacy and efficiency of this practice, we carried out a limited survey of the operation and outcome of Mexico's 30-year old National System of Investigators or SNI, the country's main instrument for stimulating competitive research in science and technology.", "A statistical random sample of researchers listed in the area of Humanities and Behavioral Sciences-one of SNI's first and better consolidated academic divisions comprising a wide range of research disciplines, from philosophy to pedagogy to archaeology to experimental brain research-was screened comparing individual ranks or \"Levels of distinction\" to actual compliance with the SNI's own evaluation criteria, as reflected in major public databases of scholarly production.", "The same analysis was applied to members of a recent Review Committee, integrated by top-level researchers belonging to that general area of knowledge, who have been in charge of assessing and ranking their colleagues.", "Our results for both sets of scholars show wide disparity of individual productivity within the same SNI Level, according to all key indicators officially required (books issued by prestigious publishers, research articles appeared in indexed journals, and formation of new scientists), as well as in impact estimated by numbers of citations.", "Statistical calculation from the data indicates that 36% of members in the Review Committee and 53% of researchers in the random sample do not satisfy the official criteria requested for their appointed SNI Levels.", "The findings are discussed in terms of possible methodological errors in our study, of relevance for the SNI at large in relation to independent appraisals, of the cost-benefit balance of the organization as a research policy tool, and of possible alternatives for its thorough restructuring.", "As it currently stands SNI is not a model for efficient and effectual national systems of research assessment." ]

[ "Assessing the socio-demographic factors on termination of pregnancy in Ghana.", "Cross-sectional study, using data source from the Demographic Health Survey (DHS).", "Data pooled from the most recent DHS conducted in Ghana, with variables of interest with rural and urban population coverage.", "A systematic search of the literature was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar and Elsevier PubMed for the secondary data.", "Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed using Python Pandas' software to estimate the independent effects of the socio-demographic factors on termination of pregnancy in Ghana.", "Reported using odds and adjusted OR AOR at 95% confidence level and statistical significance at a p-value of (p > 0.05).", "Age, place of residence, occupation, currently pregnant, woman's individual sample weight, completeness of current pregnancy, living children + current pregnancy, ethnicity and number of living children significantly predicted the outcome variable.", "Nurses have an important role to play in providing support, education and counselling to people, and must be equipped with the knowledge and skills (including non-judgmental and compassionate care) necessary to provide care that is sensitive to the diverse needs of people from different socio-demographic backgrounds." ]

[ "Assessing the validity of a driving-force-dependent kinetic theory for a unimolecular elementary reaction step is difficult when the observed reaction rate is strongly influenced by properties of the preceding or following elementary reaction step.", "A well-known example occurs for bimolecular reactions with weak orbital overlap, such as outer-sphere electron transfer, where bimolecular collisional encounters that precede a fast unimolecular electron-transfer step can limit the observed rate.", "A lesser-appreciated example occurs for bimolecular reactions with stronger orbital overlap, including many proton-transfer reactions, where equilibration of an endergonic unimolecular proton-transfer step results in a relatively small concentration of reaction products, thus slowing the rate of the following step such that it becomes rate limiting.", "Incomplete consideration of these points has led to discrepancies in interpretation of data from the literature.", "Our reanalysis of these data suggests that proton-transfer elementary reaction steps have a nonzero intrinsic free energy barrier, implying, in the parlance of Marcus theory, that there is non-negligible nuclear reorganization.", "Outcomes from our analyses are generalizable to inner-sphere electron-transfer reactions such as those involved in (photo)electrochemical fuel-forming reactions." ]

[ "Assessing unmet needs is crucial to achieving quality care and patient satisfaction.", "Between September and December 2021, we assessed unmet supportive care needs in a consecutive sample of adult survivors of childhood cancer at KHCC (King Hussien Cancer Center).", "Two hundred and ninety-seven adult survivors of childhood cancer completed the study questionnaire.", "The average needs score across all domains was 24.80 (SD = 19.65), with the financial domain scoring the highest 30.39 (SD = 31.95) and sexuality scoring the lowest 7.67 (SD = 19.67).", "Using a multivariate linear regression model, female gender was independently associated with significantly high scores in all need domains (p < 0.001), except for sexuality.", "Monthly income, comorbidities, socioeconomic challenges, time since diagnosis, and age at diagnosis have emerged as predictors of needs in many domains.", "Mean quality of life (QoL) was significantly and inversely associated with the mean score in multiple domains: psychological (p < 0.001), sexuality (p = 0.038), financial (p < 0.001), and overall needs (p = 0.004).", "Following a content analysis of qualitative data, educational difficulties, and work-related challenges were identified as other unmet needs.", "Cancer experiences during childhood significantly influence supportive care needs in adulthood.", "There is a need for more tailored studies assessing different populations of cancer survivors and avoiding the one-size-fits-all survivorship care." ]