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[ "World Health Organization (WHO) warns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) considered as the most serious threats to global health, food security, and development.", "There are various efforts for elimination of this serious issue.", "These efforts include education of individuals, new policies, development of new antimicrobials and new materials for effective delivery.", "Novel drug delivery systems with ability of local and on-demand delivery are one of the promising approaches for prevention of AMR.", "In this regard, a pH-responsive antibiotic delivery system based on pH-responsive poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) and enzyme responsive hyaluronic acid (HA).", "The polymeric nanocomplexes were obtained via electrostatic complexation of PBAE and HA in the presence of a model antibiotics, colistin and vancomycin.", "The particle sizes at pH 7.4 were determined in the range of 131-730 nm and 120-400 nm by DLS and STEM, respectively.", "When pH was switched from 7.4 to 5.5, the hydrodynamic diameter increased 2.5-32 fold.", "The drug release performances were tested using FITC-labeled antibiotics via fluorescence spectroscopy.", "The nanocomplexes released the drugs more at pH 5.5 compared to pH 7.4.", "Antibacterial activity of the system was evaluated on various bacteria.", "The nanocomplex loaded with the antibiotics exhibited significantly greater efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus." ]

[ "World Health Organization has recommended enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) with virological failure.", "This study aimed to assess the outcomes of EAC and its associated factors among PLHIV with virological failure.", "Data collected between March 2020 and February 2022 on viral load (VL) testing at antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre in Pune, India were reviewed.", "PLHIV with viral load ≥1000 copies/ml followed by three EAC sessions and a repeat viral load test were included.", "Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with virological suppression (<1000 copies/ml).", "Of 170 PLHIV, 81 (47.6%) showed virological suppression.", "Being literate (p = 0.027), females (p = 0.021), on second-line ART regimen (p = 0.020), and with EAC initiation within a month (p = 0.016) were significantly associated with virological suppression.", "No association was found between reported barriers to treatment adherence and virological suppression.", "Early initiation of EAC is crucial for virological suppression among PLHIV with high viral load.", "It is important to highlight the significance of treatment adherence among individuals on first-line ART regimen.", "The use of effective visual tools during EAC sessions may help in achieving virological suppression among those with low literacy." ]

[ "Worldwide cancer statistics have indicated about 20 million new cancer cases and over 10 million deaths in 2022 (according to data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer).", "One of the leading cancer treatment strategies is chemotherapy, using innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs).", "Self-immolative domino dendrimers (SIDendr) for triggered anti-cancer drugs appear to be a promising type of DDSs.", "The present review provides an up-to-date survey on the contemporary advancements in the field of SIDendr-based anti-cancer drug delivery systems (SIDendr-ac-DDSs) through an exhaustive analysis of the discovery and application of these materials in improving the pharmacological effectiveness of both novel and old drugs.", "In addition, this article discusses the designing, chemical structure, and targeting techniques, as well as the properties, of several SIDendr-based DDSs.", "Approaches for this type of targeted DDSs for anti-cancer drug release under a range of stimuli are also explored." ]

[ "Worldwide there is an increasing demand for Hospital at Home as an alternative to hospital admission.", "Although there is a growing evidence base on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Hospital at Home, health service managers, health professionals and policy makers require evidence on how to implement and sustain these services on a wider scale.", "(1) To identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative research evidence on the factors that influence the implementation of Admission Avoidance Hospital at Home and Early Discharge Hospital at Home, from the perspective of multiple stakeholders, including policy makers, health service managers, health professionals, patients and patients' caregivers.", "(2) To explore how our synthesis findings relate to, and help to explain, the findings of the Cochrane intervention reviews of Admission Avoidance Hospital at Home and Early Discharge Hospital at Home services.", "We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus and Scopus until 17 November 2022.", "We also applied reference checking and citation searching to identify additional studies.", "We searched for studies in any language.", "We included qualitative studies and mixed-methods studies with qualitative data collection and analysis methods examining the implementation of new or existing Hospital at Home services from the perspective of different stakeholders.", "Two authors independently selected the studies, extracted study characteristics and intervention components, assessed the methodological limitations using the Critical Appraisal Skills Checklist (CASP) and assessed the confidence in the findings using GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research).", "We applied thematic synthesis to synthesise the data across studies and identify factors that may influence the implementation of Hospital at Home.", "From 7535 records identified from database searches and one identified from citation tracking, we included 52 qualitative studies exploring the implementation of Hospital at Home services (31 Early Discharge, 16 Admission Avoidance, 5 combined services), across 13 countries and from the perspectives of 662 service-level staff (clinicians, managers), eight systems-level staff (commissioners, insurers), 900 patients and 417 caregivers.", "Overall, we judged 40 studies as having minor methodological concerns and we judged 12 studies as having major concerns.", "Main concerns included data collection methods (e.g.", "not reporting a topic guide), data analysis methods (e.g.", "insufficient data to support findings) and not reporting ethical approval.", "Following synthesis, we identified 12 findings graded as high (n = 10) and moderate (n = 2) confidence and classified them into four themes: (1) development of stakeholder relationships and systems prior to implementation, (2) processes, resources and skills required for safe and effective implementation, (3) acceptability and caregiver impacts, and (4) sustainability of services.", "Implementing Admission Avoidance and Early Discharge Hospital at Home services requires early development of policies, stakeholder engagement, efficient admission processes, effective communication and a skilled workforce to safely and effectively implement person-centred Hospital at Home, achieve acceptance by staff who refer patients to these services and ensure sustainability.", "Future research should focus on lower-income country and rural settings, and the perspectives of systems-level stakeholders, and explore the potential negative impact on caregivers, especially for Admission Avoidance Hospital at Home, as this service may become increasingly utilised to manage rising visits to emergency departments." ]

[ "Worldwide, a large number of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers are enroled in formal non-parental early childhood education or care (ECEC).", "Theoretically, lower adult/child ratios (fewer children per adult) and smaller group sizes are hypothesised to be associated with positive child outcomes in ECEC.", "A lower adult/child ratio and a smaller group size may increase both the extent and quality of adult/child interactions during the day.", "The objective of this review is to synthesise data from studies to assess the impact of adult/child ratio and group size in ECEC on measures of process characteristics of quality of care and on child outcomes.", "Relevant studies were identified through electronic searches of bibliographic databases, governmental and grey literature repositories, Internet search engines, hand search of specific targeted journals, citation tracking and contact to experts.", "The primary searches were carried out up to September 2020.", "Additional searches were carried out in February 2022.", "The intervention was changes to adult/child ratio and group size in ECEC with children aged 0-5 years old.", "All study designs that used a well-defined control group were eligible for inclusion.", "The total number of potential relevant studies constituted 14,060 hits.", "A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised by the review authors.", "The 31 studies analysed 26 different populations.", "Only 12 studies analysing 8 different populations (N = 4300) could be used in the data synthesis.", "Included studies were published between 1968 and 2019, and the average publication year was 1992.", "We used random-effects meta-analysis, applying both robust-variance estimation and restricted maximum likelihood procedures to synthesise effect sizes.", "We conducted separate analyses for process quality measures and language and literacy measures.", "The meta-analysis using measures of process quality as the outcome included 84 effect sizes, 5 studies, and 6256 observations.", "The weighted average effect size was positive but not statistically significant (effect size [ES] = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-0.07, 0.27]) using robust-variance estimation.", "The adjusted degrees of freedom were below 4 (df = 1.5), meaning that the results were unreliable.", "Similarly, the low number of studies made the estimation of heterogeneity statistics difficult.", "The I2 and τ2 estimates were both 0, and the Q-statistic 2.3 (p = 0.69).", "We found a similar, but statistically significant, weighted average effect size using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure (ES = 0.10, 95% CI = [0.004, 0.20]), and similar low levels of heterogeneity (Q = 0.7, I2 = 0%, τ2 = 0).", "The meta-analysis of language and literacy outcomes is based on three studies exploring different changes to group size and/or adult/child ratio in ECEC.", "The meta-analysis of language and literacy measures included 12 effect sizes, 3 studies, and 14,625 observations.", "The weighted average effect size was negative but not statistically significant (ES = -0.04, 95% CI = [-0.61, 0.53]) using the robust variance estimation procedure.", "The adjusted degrees of freedom were again below 4 (df = 1.9) and the results were unreliable.", "The heterogeneity statistics indicated substantial heterogeneity (Q = 9.3, I2 = 78.5%, τ2 = 0.07).", "The restricted maximum likelihood procedure yielded similar results (ES = -0.06, 95% CI = [-0.57, 0.46], Q = 6.1, I2 = 64.3%, τ2 = 0.03).", "The main finding of the present review is that there are surprisingly few quantitative studies exploring the effects of changes to adult/child ratio and group size in ECEC on measures of process quality and on child outcomes.", "The overall quality of the included studies was low, and only two randomised studies were used in the meta-analysis.", "The risk of bias in the majority of included studies was high, also in studies used in the meta-analysis.", "Due to the limited number of studies that could be used in the data synthesis, we were unable to explore the effects of adult/child ratio and group size separately.", "No study that examined the effects of changes of the adult/child-ratio and/or group size on socio-emotional child outcomes could be included in the meta-analysis.", "No high quality study examined the effects of large changes in adult/child ratio and group size on measures of process quality, or explored effects for children younger than 2 years.", "We included few studies (3) in the meta-analysis that investigated measures of language and literacy and results for these outcomes were inconclusive.", "In one specification, we found a small statistically significant effect on process quality, suggesting that fewer children per adult and smaller group sizes do increase the process quality in ECEC.", "Caution regarding the interpretation must be exerted due to the heterogeneity of the study designs, the limited number of studies, and the generally high risk of bias within the included studies.", "Results of the present review have implications for both research and practice.", "First, findings from the present review tentatively support the theoretical hypothesis that lower adult/child ratios (fewer children per adult) and smaller group sizes beneficially influence process quality in ECEC.", "This hypothesis is reflected in the existence of standards and regulation on the minimum requirements regarding adult/child ratios and maximum group size in ECEC.", "However, the research literature to date provides little guidance on what the appropriate adult/child ratios and group sizes are.", "Second, findings from the present review may be seen as a testimony to the urgent need for more contemporary high-quality research exploring the effects of changes in adult/child ratio and group size in ECEC on measures of process quality and child developmental and socio-emotional outcomes." ]

[ "Worldwide, an estimated 48 million couples and 186 million individuals are infertile, according to estimates from the World Health Organization.", "Ethiopia has a higher rate of infertility than the World Health Organization estimated for the entire world.", "Though research on the issue of infertility is growing both globally and in Ethiopia, not much has been studied.", "Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore the psychological and coping strategies of infertile women in Bichena town, Ethiopia.", "The study followed a qualitative research approach and a descriptive phenomenological design.", "Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 infertile women using a purpose-sampling technique.", "Thematic analysis was the method of data analysis.", "The findings of this study indicated that stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and sexual dissatisfaction were the main psychological challenges that infertile women experience.", "Infertile women also used a variety of coping strategies, such as religious strategies, traditional strategies, medical strategies, and other strategies (marital separation and acceptance).", "The study concluded that infertile women in the study area were challenged by psychological factors and used different coping strategies to manage their ongoing problems.", "This study also has theoretical implications for the current literature and practical implications for infertile women, non-governmental organizations, community and health professionals." ]

[ "Worldwide, dental schools employ varying approaches to teaching vital pulp therapy (VPT) for primary teeth.", "However, little is known about the VPT techniques taught in dental schools in Saudi Arabia.", "Therefore, this study aimed to describe the approaches of VPT for primary teeth taught in undergraduate dental schools in Saudi Arabia.", "A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2022, using an online questionnaire distributed to pediatric dentistry faculty members at all dental schools in Saudi Arabia.", "The questionnaire collected information on socio-demographic characteristics, educational background, work setting, and VPT teaching approaches.", "Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models assessed the association between participants' characteristics and the VPT techniques taught.", "Seventy-seven faculty members from 17 out of 27 dental colleges in Saudi Arabia participated in the study.", "Most respondents reported teaching indirect pulp capping (95%), with glass ionomer cement and calcium hydroxide being the most popular materials.", "Only 11 participants (14%) taught direct pulp capping, with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide being the most commonly used materials.", "Pulpotomy procedures were taught in all dental schools, with formocresol being the most commonly used medicament (84%).", "No significant associations were found between faculty member characteristics and the likelihood of teaching indirect pulp capping.", "However, older age categories had a significantly higher chance of teaching direct pulp capping (trend odds ratio: 2.27, p = 0.02).", "In conclusion, most faculty members (95%) reported teaching indirect pulp capping using glass ionomer cement and calcium hydroxide for primary teeth.", "Only 14% of the respondents taught direct pulp capping, and the use of mineral trioxide aggregate for direct pulp capping appears to be increasing.", "Formocresol was the most commonly used pulpotomy medicament.", "Further research is needed to investigate factors that influence the teaching of VPT for primary teeth in Saudi Arabia." ]

[ "Worldwide, millions suffer from cataracts, which impair vision and quality of life.", "Cataract education improves outcomes, satisfaction, and treatment adherence.", "Lack of health literacy, language and cultural barriers, personal preferences, and limited resources may all impede effective communication.", "AI can improve patient education by providing personalised, interactive, and accessible information tailored to patient understanding, interest, and motivation.", "AI chatbots can have human-like conversations and give advice on numerous topics.", "This study investigated the efficacy of chatbots in cataract patient education relative to traditional resources like the AAO website, focusing on information accuracy,understandability, actionability, and readability.", "A descriptive comparative design was used to analyse quantitative data from frequently asked questions about cataracts answered by ChatGPT, Bard, Bing AI, and the AAO website.", "SOLO taxonomy, PEMAT, and the Flesch-Kincaid ease score were used to collect and analyse the data.", "Chatbots scored higher than AAO website on cataract-related questions in terms of accuracy (mean SOLO score ChatGPT: 3.1 ± 0.31, Bard: 2.9 ± 0.72, Bing AI: 2.65 ± 0.49, AAO website: 2.4 ± 0.6, (p < 0.001)).", "For understandability (mean PEMAT-U score AAO website: 0,89 ± 0,04, ChatGPT 0,84 ± 0,02, Bard: 0,84 ± 0,02, Bing AI: 0,81 ± 0,02, (p < 0.001)), and actionability (mean PEMAT-A score ChatGPT: 0.86 ± 0.03, Bard: 0.85 ± 0.06, Bing AI: 0.81 ± 0.05, AAO website: 0.81 ± 0.06, (p < 0.001)) AAO website scored better than chatbots.", "Flesch-Kincaid readability ease analysis showed that Bard (55,5 ± 8,48) had the highest mean score, followed by AAO website (51,96 ± 12,46), Bing AI (41,77 ± 9,53), and ChatGPT (34,38 ± 9,75, (p < 0.001)).", "Chatbots have the potential to provide more detailed and accurate data than the AAO website.", "On the other hand, the AAO website has the advantage of providing information that is more understandable and practical.", "When patient preferences are not taken into account, generalised or biased information can decrease reliability." ]

[ "Worldwide, more children than before survive preterm birth.", "Preterm birth can affect long-term cognitive outcomes.", "The aim of our study was to investigate the association between preterm birth and academic performance and intelligence in youth.", "This cohort study included all liveborn children in Denmark from 1978 to 2000.", "We used uni- and multivariable logistic and linear regressions to analyze associations between gestational age and school graduation, grade point average (GPA), attending conscription, and male intelligence scores at conscription.", "We adjusted for a priori defined potential confounders.", "The study included 1 450 681 children and found an association between preterm birth and lower academic performance, with children born extremely preterm having the lowest odds of graduating from lower- and upper secondary education (LSE and USE) and appearing before the conscription board (odds ratios of 0.45 [0.38-0.54], 0.52 [0.46-0.59], and 0.47 [0.39-0.56] for LSE, USE, and conscription, respectively, compared to the term group).", "Statistically significant differences were observed in LSE for total GPA and core subject GPA with higher GPAs in the term group, which were considered clinically relevant for mathematics with a 0.71 higher grade point for the term compared to the extremely preterm.", "Conversely, USE differences were less evident, and in linear regression models we found that preterm birth was associated with higher GPAs in the adjusted analyses; however, this was not statistically significant.", "We demonstrated statistically significant differences in intelligence scores at conscription with lower scores in the three preterm groups (-5.13, -2.73, and - 0.76, respectively) compared to the term group.", "Low gestational age at birth was associated with not graduating from LSE and USE, achieving lower GPAs in LSE, not attending conscription, and lower intelligence scores in young adulthood.", "The findings remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders." ]

[ "Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on daily routines, especially for university students.", "This study aimed to compare pre-pandemic domains of students' mental health during the pandemic lockdown.", "One cross-sectional study was conducted in two waves with academic students from 20 Portuguese universities, in March 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 3579) and 2 months after the first lockdown in May 2020 (n = 1228).", "The Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ), the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire, the Mental Health-promoting knowledge, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale were used.", "Statistical analyses were performed by bivariate associations and multiple linear regression models.", "Students were mostly women (79%), with an average age of 23.2 years (SD = 6.6), displaced from their family environment (43%), out-of-home (43%), and scholarship holders (37%).", "Higher scores found in the PVS were associated with decreased PMHQ in both moments (P < 0.01).", "These cross-sectional studies showed a slight variation in the mental health variables studied in the period before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "Being a woman, younger, out-of-home, and having a scholarship (P < 0.01) seem to increase susceptibility to mental health variation before and during the pandemic.", "Universities should develop strategies that promote students' mental health." ]

[ "Worldwide, the number of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) is predicted to double between the years 2005 and 2030.", "Chronic care management requires active collaboration and knowledge exchange between patients and health care professionals (HCPs) for best possible health outcomes, which we describe as co-care.", "eHealth services have the potential to support the realization of co-care between people with PD (PwP) and HCPs.", "This study aimed to explore how co-care could be operationalized in PD care, supported by eHealth.", "More specifically, this study explores PwP's and HCPs' expectations and desired eHealth functionalities to achieve co-care.", "Principles of participatory design were used to enable the identification of co-care needs and design ideas, in a series of 4 half-day co-design workshops.", "The sample included 7 (4 women) PwP and 9 (4 women) HCPs, including 4 neurologists, 3 nurses, and 2 physiotherapists.", "The co-design process resulted in a functional prototype that was evaluated by the co-design participants in the last workshop.", "Data were collected through note cards produced by the participants during the first 3 workshops and focus group discussions during the 3rd and 4th workshops.", "The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.", "After the workshop series, the prototype was demonstrated at a Mini Fair for ongoing PD research and evaluated using a self-developed questionnaire with 37 respondents: 31 PwP (14 women) and 6 informal caregivers (3 women).", "Descriptive statistics are reported.", "The qualitative analysis of data resulted in 2 main themes.", "The first theme, core eHealth functionalities and their expected values, describes 6 desired eHealth functionalities for supporting PD co-care between PwP and HCPs: (1) self-tracking, (2) previsit forms, (3) graphical visualization, (4) clinical decision support, (5) self-care recommendations, and (6) asynchronous communication.", "The second theme, individual and organizational constraints, describes constraints that need to be addressed to succeed with an eHealth service for co-care.", "Individual constraints include eHealth literacy and acceptance; organizational constraints include teamwork and administrative workload.", "The majority of the questionnaire respondents (31/37, 84%) perceived that they would benefit from an eHealth service similar to the demonstrated prototype.", "All prototype functionalities were rated as very important or important by the majority of respondents (ranging from 86% to 97% per functionality).", "This study adds to our knowledge on how PD co-care could be operationalized.", "Co-care implies a shift from episodic routine-driven care to more flexible care management that is driven by the mutual needs of patients and HCPs and supported by active information exchange between them, as well as automated information processing to generate patient-specific advice.", "More research is needed to further explore the concept of co-care in chronic care management and what it means for self-care and health care.", "RR2-10.2196/11278." ]

[ "Worldwide, there is an alert due to the increase in the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV).", "This can cause up to 3.5% of chronic diseases, of which 40% present secondary complications and/ or early death.", "To determine the seroprevalence of HBV in pregnant women at the time of delivery.", "Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with cross-association between 2018 and 2019 at the Hospital Carlos Van Buren (HCVB), in Valparaiso, Chile.", "All pregnant women admitted for delivery care or with an immediate newborn who had HBV surface antigen study were included.", "Data were collected from the pregnant woman (age, nationality, education level, parity, type of delivery, and peripartum HIV-syphilis serology) and the newborn (gestational age, weight, and APGAR score).", "Inferential and multivariate analysis was performed using the Stata software.", "1,355 pregnant women were analyzed.", "87.7% were Chilean, 5.5% Haitian, 4.2% Venezuelan, and 2.6% were of other nationalities.", "0.3% were positive for HBV.", "The prevalence of HBV in Chileans was 0.08% and in Haitians 4%.", "Haitian nationality was at higher risk of HBV (OR = 83) vs. Chilean nationality (p = 0.0001).", "None presented coinfection with HIV and/or syphilis.", "HBV seroprevalence in HCVB pregnant women was 0.3%, similar to that described in the general population in Chile.", "There was no coinfection with other sexually transmitted diseases.", "The only predictor of HBV infection was Haitian nationality." ]

[ "Worry is an intuitive sense that goes beyond logical reasoning and is valuable in situations where patients' conditions are rapidly changing or when objective data may not fully capture the complexity of a patient's situation.", "Nurse anesthetists' subjective reasons for worry are quite vague as they are valued inconsistently and not accurately expressed.", "This study aimed to identify factors playing a role in the emergence of worry during anesthesia practice to clarify its concept.", "Mixed-methods design consisting of quantitative online surveys followed by qualitative focus group interviews including Dutch nurse anesthetists.", "Both quantitative and qualitative thematic analyses were performed, followed by data and methodological triangulation to enhance the validity and credibility of findings and mitigate the presence of bias.", "Surveys (N = 102) were analyzed, and 14 nurse anesthetists participated in the focus group interviews.", "A total of 89% of the survey respondents reported that at least once have had the feeling of worry, of which 92% use worry during clinical anesthesia practice.", "Worry was mentioned to be a vital element during anesthesia practice that makes it possible to take precautionary actions to change the anesthetic care plan in a changing situation or patient deterioration.", "While a clear definition of worry could not be given, it is a valuable element of anesthesia practice as it serves as a catalyst for critical thinking, problem-solving, clinical reasoning, and decision-making.", "Use of the feeling of worry alongside technological systems to make an informed decision is crucial.", "Technology has significantly improved the ability of health care providers to detect and respond to patient deterioration promptly, but it is crucial for nurse anesthetists to use their feeling of worry or intuition alongside technological systems and evidence-based practice to ensure quick assessments or judgments based on experience, knowledge, and observations in clinical practice." ]

[ "Worsening of adolescent mental health and exacerbated health inequalities after the COVID-19 pandemic calls for universal preventative strategies.", "The Mental Health Foundation's school-based Peer Education Project seeks to improve students' mental health literacy through peer educators (aged 14-18 years) teaching peer learners (aged 11-13 years) to recognise good and bad mental health, identify risk and protective factors, and seek help accordingly.", "Although previous before and after quantitative assessments have found the intervention to be effective, this realist evaluation aimed to qualitatively develop the theory of change, exploring how the mechanisms played out in different contexts to achieve the desired outcomes.", "Our initial programme theory was developed following expert stakeholder consultation and reviewing the literature.", "We divided mechanisms into resources and reasoning to explain how the intervention components (ie, resources), experienced within specific contexts, engendered responses in the participants (ie, reasoning), to produce observable outcomes.", "Data collected from six purposively recruited schools in England comprised staff interviews (n=11), student focus groups (n=15), and observations (n=5).", "Deductive and inductive analysis was undertaken, using NVivo-informed multiple causal statements represented as context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOcs), to test and refine the programme theory.", "We created several distinct CMOcs.", "For example, in learners accustomed to didactic teaching methods (context), conversing with educators having similar life experience (mechanism resource) endorsed and destigmatised help-seeking behaviour (mechanism reasoning) and facilitated a realisation that seeking help was appropriate and acceptable (outcome).", "Other mechanisms included the following: learners perceiving the information as tailored and relevant, educators feeling empowered, and a cultural shift percolating across the school.", "Our findings show how peer education can work to improve mental health literacy, which will inform changes to the intervention to maximise its effectiveness in different operational contexts.", "Future research could test our theory of change in a randomised controlled trial, and examine impacts on inequalities in a more diverse sample.", "National Institute for Health and Care Research School for Public Health Research." ]

[ "Wound healing competence is implied in the nursing profession, but there is no standardized content regulation for wound care in university curricula.", "The primary objective of this study was to identify the barriers to the acquisition of knowledge about skin integrity impairment.", "A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test study with an ad hoc questionnaire involved 304 students (control: 165; intervention: 139) from June to July 2023.", "A 10-h educational intervention focused on skin integrity assessment and treatment was conducted.", "The control group, scoring 17 ± 0.22 out of a maximum of 61, achieved a significantly lower final test score (p < 0.001) compared to the wound care educational intervention group, with the pre-test group scoring 30 ± 0.76 and the post-test group scoring 43 ± 0.61.", "The educational intervention in wound care program improved nursing students' knowledge of prevention, assessment/diagnosis, treatment, lower limb wounds, and wound bed preparation by replacing the number of \"Don't know\" answers in the post-test group with correct answers.", "The barriers identified to the acquisition of knowledge about skin integrity impairment in nursing studies are the following: the transversality of teaching, the teaching and evaluation system, and the variability in the training of professionals and teachers in charge of their education.", "The educational intervention can be used to consolidate knowledge and to enhance students' self-confidence in caring for patients with wounds." ]

[ "Writer's cramp is a task-specific focal hand dystonia, which is diagnosed clinically.", "Quantification of defect in WC is done using clinical scales, while digitized platforms are lacking.", "To design and test a platform that can differentiate and quantify the abnormal kinematics of writing using a software interface and to validate it in adult-onset isolated writer's cramp (WC).", "A native platform was designed using Java and Wacom Intuos pro tablet and the data analyzed using a MATLAB-based platform called Large Data-Based Evaluation of Kinematics in Handwriting (LEKH).", "We standardized this new platform by comparing the handwriting between patients with WC and age, and gender and education-matched healthy controls, using standard tasks to assess the kinematics.", "Comparison of the writing of right-handed WC patients (N = 21) and 39 healthy controls (N = 39) showed that patients differed from controls in the frequency of strokes (P < 0.001), number of inversions of velocity (P < 0.001), number of breaks (P = 0.02), air time and paper time (P < 0.001).", "Using the LEKH platform, the kinematic profile of patients with WC could be differentiated from healthy controls.", "Studies in larger samples will be needed to derive statistical models that can differentiate the flexion and extension types of WC which can help in muscle selection and to quantify the effects of treatment." ]

[ "Writing a bachelor thesis has a central role in nursing education.", "Nursing students require both information and academic literacy in order to write their theses, and there is an expectation that these skills will contribute to putting their knowledge into practice.", "To describe students' perceptions of the student and supervisor roles and to investigate students' experienced self-efficacy during the supervision of their bachelor thesis.", "A cross-sectional pre-post design.", "Four universities were included.", "All four had bachelor thesis courses organized as a group supervision process, with a student active approach.", "Nursing students met together one hour prior to meeting with their supervisor, in order to discuss concerns, try to solve upcoming problems, and plan the agenda for the upcoming supervision session.", "A total of 472 undergraduate nursing students were invited to participate.", "A web-based questionnaire was used, incorporating the Supervision of Thesis Questionnaire and the General Self-Efficacy Scale.", "Data were collected at two points: before and after the thesis course.", "Descriptive statistics and frequencies were calculated, and the independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analytic analysis.", "The response rate was 39 % (160/472) pre-course and 28 % (130/472) post-course.", "Nursing students had high expectations of supervision at both time points.", "Students reporting high self-efficacy had higher expectations of the supervisor's knowledge of the subject and the methods, compared to those reporting lower self-efficacy.", "Nursing students reported high expectations for the supervision process, the supervisor, and themselves, both when entering and when ending the bachelor thesis course.", "Self-efficacy may contribute to these expectations.", "Active learning in a group (i.e., collaborative learning) may contribute to nursing students' commitment during the group supervision process in a bachelor thesis course.", "Further studies are warranted on the optimal group composition to support learning during bachelor thesis courses." ]

[ "Written by a mathematical physicist (and son of a surgeon), this article provides a partly historical and partly substantive introduction to the concepts of chance and probability, with an occasional side trip to medicine.", "In the history of medicine, chance and probability were by no means compliments, but by dealing with them correctly, they can make a successful comeback in Evidence Based Medicine, for example.", "Essential to thinking about chance is that it has many different meanings, all of which are negatively defined, i.e.", "by their polar opposite.", "The mathematical concept of probability also has several interpretations, the main question being whether the probability of an event is contained in that event itself, or only exists in the head of the person who assigns the probability.", "A deeper understanding of this matter will hopefully help physician and patient understand a diagnosis, and administrators in budgeting." ]

[ "X-ray Computed Tomography dose levels have been varying among modalities and scanning body regions due to the absence of incessant routine follow-up.", "Thus, the study aimed to compute the dose index discrepancies in Ethiopia for the most recurring scan protocols (head, chest, abdomen, and pelvis).", "A purposive sampling method was employed to select the hospitals due to the rare existence of functional CT scanners in Ethiopia.", "From the selected hospitals, a total of 1,385 (249 heads, 804 chests, 132 abdomens, and 200 pelvis) were collected in terms of standard dose metric values in the period of December 2019-March 2020.", "Patients' DLP was computed into mean value using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software.", "From the mean DLP, we can compute the effective dose.", "Patients' dose level disparity was observed in this study though it is below the ICRP standard level for all body regions except for pelvis DLP (593.37 mGy-cm) at Black Lion.", "The dose level for the head and chest are computed within the recommended level at all hospitals.", "Effective doses for the pelvis at four hospitals (Teklehaimanot, Black Lion, ALERT, Paul's, and Ayder hospitals) were computed as 6.45, 8.90, 5.08, 6.54, and 6.84 mSv respectively, and the effective doses for abdomen at Ayder Hospital was obtained to be 8.90 mSv, which is above the recommended value.", "X-ray CT scanners are somewhat properly functioning although some sort of justification and optimization for pelvis and abdomen examinations are strongly recommended to implement as low as reasonably achievable principle." ]

[ "X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography (XPCT) based on wavefield propagation has been established as a high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging modality, suitable to reconstruct the intricate structure of soft tissues, and the corresponding pathological alterations.", "However, for biomedical research, more is needed than 3D visualisation and rendering of the cytoarchitecture in a few selected cases.", "First, the throughput needs to be increased to cover a statistically relevant number of samples.", "Second, the cytoarchitecture has to be quantified in terms of morphometric parameters, independent of visual impression.", "Third, dimensionality reduction and classification are required for identification of effects and interpretation of results.", "To address these challenges, we here design and implement a novel integrated and high throughput XPCT imaging and analysis workflow for 3D histology, pathohistology and drug testing.", "Our approach uses semi-automated data acquisition, reconstruction and statistical quantification.", "We demonstrate its capability for the example of lung pathohistology in Covid-19.", "Using a small animal model, different Covid-19 drug candidates are administered after infection and tested in view of restoration of the physiological cytoarchitecture, specifically the alveolar morphology.", "To this end, we then use morphometric parameter determination followed by a dimensionality reduction and classification based on optimal transport.", "This approach allows efficient discrimination between physiological and pathological lung structure, thereby providing quantitative insights into the pathological progression and partial recovery due to drug treatment.", "Finally, we stress that the XPCT image chain implemented here only used synchrotron radiation for validation, while the data used for analysis was recorded with laboratory μ CT radiation, more easily accessible for pre-clinical research." ]

[ "Yan'an City is a typical squeezed city in China and faces the challenge of limited living space.", "The adoption of the \"Mountain Excavation and City Construction (MECC)\" program was poised to elevate the city's livability.", "Despite the importance of megacity construction projects, few studies have examined their impact on urban livability.", "This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the effects of MECC and the satisfaction characteristics of urban livability in Yan'an City, based on survey data from both old and new urban areas.", "Employing factor analysis and multiple linear regression, this paper assesses the influence of MECC on urban livability across different demographic groups, including age, educational background, and occupation.", "The empirical findings demonstrate a significant positive effect of the MECC project on urban livability.", "However, during categorization discussions, some respondents expressed concerns about its negative impact.", "The results of multiple linear regression indicate that factors such as career prospects, residential satisfaction, interpersonal relationships, and transportation level significantly influence livability (R2 = 0.607 in ND and R2 = 0.609 in OD)." ]

[ "Young adult caregivers experience reduced wellbeing when the combination of family care and an educational program becomes too demanding.", "We aim to clarify the role views, competences, and needs of lecturers regarding the identification and support of these students to prevent negative mental health consequences.", "A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was used.", "We collected quantitative data using a survey of lecturers teaching in bachelor education programs in the Netherlands (n = 208) and then conducted in-depth interviews (n = 13).", "Descriptive statistics and deductive thematic analyses were performed.", "Most participants (70.2%) thought that supporting young adult caregivers was the responsibility of the educational institution, and 49% agreed that it was a responsibility of the lecturer, but only 66.8% indicated that they feel competent to do so.", "However, 45.2% indicated that they needed more training and expertise to identify and support these students.", "All interviewees felt responsible for their students' wellbeing but highlighted a lack of clarity regarding their role fulfillment.", "In practice, their ability to identify and support these students depended on their available time and level of expertise.", "The lecturers required agreements on responsibility and procedures for further referral, as well as information on support and referral opportunities, communication skills courses, and peer-to-peer coaching." ]

[ "Young adults face many significant challenges to their financial well-being.", "The rising cost of living and unstable economies have impacted how they consume, manage, and save monthly income to maintain their standard of living.", "Hence, exploring the financial well-being of young adults in Malaysia is an intriguing and relevant research topic that deserves examination from multiple perspectives.", "This study aims to investigate how these three factors, namely financial knowledge and locus of control with financial behaviour as a mediator, are correlated with the financial well-being of low-income young adults in Malaysia.", "A total of 520 young adults from North, Central, South, East zones in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia were randomly chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique as the sample of this study.", "Data in this study were obtained using a set of questionnaire-based survey through cross-sectional study and then scrutinized using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Science).", "This study discovered that financial knowledge, internal and external locus of control, and financial behaviour were significantly correlated with the financial well-being of low-income young adults.", "The findings also demonstrate that financial behaviour mediates the correlation between financial knowledge, both internal and external locus of control, and financial well-being.", "This study is one of the very few important studies that explore the link between financial literacy, locus of control, financial behaviour, and financial well-being among low-income young adults.", "This study also found an interesting and noteworthy fact regarding the impact of the minimum monthly wage policy on highly educated young adults in Malaysia, which is worth discussing and needs to be alerted to the policymakers and leaders of the country.", "Therefore, the findings of this study can be utilized as a starting point by policymakers, government organizations, and non-governmental organizations to create new initiatives aimed at raising financial well-being among the younger generation." ]

[ "Young adults in Neither in Employment, Education nor Training (NEET) are at risk of adverse labour market outcomes.", "Earlier studies often measured NEET status at one time point or compared persistent NEETs with non-NEETs, neglecting other patterns of NEET status.", "Evidence on early life factors associated with NEET patterns is lacking.", "This study aims to (i) identify patterns of NEET status over time and (ii) examine whether factors in childhood and adolescence are associated with these patterns.", "Data were used from 1499 participants of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a Dutch prospective cohort study with 15-year follow-up.", "NEET status was assessed at ages 19, 22 and 26.", "Socioeconomic status of parents (SES), intelligence and negative life events were measured at age 11, educational attainment at age 26 and mental health problems at ages 11, 13.5 and 16.", "Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression analysis.", "Four NEET patterns were identified: (i) non-NEETs (85.2%), (ii) early NEETs (4.5%), (iii) late NEETs (5.7%) and (iv) persistent NEETs (4.5%).", "Reporting internalizing problems at age 11 was a risk factor for early and late NEETs [odds ratio (OR) 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-6.62; OR 5.00, 95% CI 2.22-11.3, respectively].", "Low parental SES, lower intelligence scores and negative life events (≥3) were risk factors for persistent NEETs (OR 4.45, 95% CI 2.00-9.91; OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98; OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.62-12.08, respectively).", "The results highlight the importance of timing and duration of NEET status and emphasize the need for tailored interventions to prevent specific NEET patterns." ]

[ "Young and middle-aged people in Bangladesh are increasingly eating out.", "This paper examines consumer demand characteristics associated with consumption expenditure patterns toward eating out using the nationally representative Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey 2018-19 dataset, which is conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute in all 64 districts of Bangladesh.", "Data from 5604 sample households and 20,717 individuals within those households were analysed for this study.", "The descriptive statistics highlight that gender, education, employment status, and occupation are significant individual-level characteristics related to having prepared outside food.", "People generally eat snacks and sample ready-made foods from local shops and the Haat/Bazar (market).", "Empirical evidence based on Cragg's double-hurdle model assesses that secondary or higher school education, family size, and annual food expenditure are important determinants of the likelihood of household participation in consumption and spending on eating out in the past week.", "In contrast, raising livestock noticeably reduces expenditures on eating outside meals.", "This study, therefore, recommends that educated households be aware of the adverse health effects of eating food prepared outside.", "In addition, livestock raising could complement the diet outside the home and decrease expenses on eating out." ]

[ "Young children possess the fundamental deductive reasoning skills for solving their upcoming problems in their daily lives.", "These skills are of great importance for their school readiness and academic development.", "Therefore, this study aimed to explore the age differences and predictive variables of deductive reasoning skills in young Hungarian children aged 4-8 years old who reside in Hungary and Slovakia.", "Face-to-face data were collected from 3050 participants.", "The instrument of deductive reasoning skills assessment was extracted from the school readiness test, DIFER (Diagnostic System for Assessing Development).", "Utilizing various statistical analyses with R, AMOS, and MPlus8 packages, it was found that there were significant differences in young children's deductive reasoning skills across countries and age groups.", "Parents' education levels had significant positive relationships with children's deductive reasoning skills development.", "And the variables of country and age were identified as significant predictors of children's deductive reasoning skills.", "And children's family background variables such as parental education played a significant role in predicting children's deductive reasoning skills in Hungary.", "The implications of this study emphasize the importance of educational contexts, parental involvement, cross-cultural exchange, and further research, with the potential to enhance young children's educational experiences and prospects in Hungary, Slovakia, and beyond." ]

[ "Young Latinas and Black women drink less than women of other racial/ethnic groups but experience more alcohol-related problems in midlife.", "This study aims to identify modifiable factors to prevent adult onset of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in this population.", "Data were collected at six time points as part of the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study from 365 Latinas (47%) and Black (53%) women (mean age at time 1 = 14, standard deviation 1.3).", "Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized pathways from childhood physical and sexual abuse to AUD via depressive mood, anxiety disorders, and somatic complaints in the 20s.", "We also tested the moderation effect of the high school academic environment by including in the structural equation model two latent variable interaction terms between the school environment and each of the abuse variables.", "Childhood physical and sexual abuse was positively associated with depressive mood, anxiety disorders, and somatic complaints when participants were in the 20s.", "Depressive mood mediated childhood abuse and AUD when women were in the 30s.", "The high school academic environment attenuated the effect of physical, but not sexual abuse, on depressive mood (β = -0.59, B = -9.38, 95% CI [-14.00, -4.76]), anxiety symptoms (β = -0.61, B = -14.19, 95% CI [-21.76, -6.61]), appetite loss (β = -0.41, B = -10.52, 95% CI [-15.61, -5.42]), and sleeplessness (β = -0.50, B = -9.56, 95% CI [-13.95, -5.17]) in the early 20s.", "Our findings underscore the need to invest in early violence prevention interventions and in education to ensure equitable access to quality, academically oriented, and safe schools." ]

[ "Young people in vulnerable situations tend to have more difficulties realizing successful formal education trajectories.", "It is extremely important to conduct studies that explore the key dimensions that can help young people overcome the conditioning of vulnerable situations, assisting in the achievement of academic success.", "According to the existing literature, one of these key dimensions is psychosocial well-being.", "Thus, this qualitative research aims to identify and analyze psychosocial factors that favor successful school pathways among young people in vulnerable situations.", "Through a case study approach, 12 in-depth interviews were carried out with 12 young Spanish people who not only have a vulnerable background but also successful formal education trajectories.", "The data were explored through qualitative content analysis-NVivo11.", "The results revealed that young people generally associate their successful educational trajectory with the positive impact of psychosocial factors, such as the following: positive caregivers' valuation of formal education and positive school experiences and support networks.", "Young people also point to many negative school experiences that have been overcome via positive attitudes and individual protective factors.", "The youngsters suggest changes in the educational system and teachers' skills in order to improve the levels of psychosocial support in formal education contexts.", "The study's implications and limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed." ]

[ "Youth athletes are often prescribed opioids after sustaining sport-related injuries, and because of their age, warrior-like culture in sport, and the desire to perform at the highest level, they are at risk for opioid misuse.", "Due to the nature of sport, youth athletes are at a greater risk to misuse opioids, and although it does not always predict misuse in adults, it is almost always a precursor among those addicted to opioids in adulthood.", "This crisis has been classified by the National Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an epidemic, resulting in over a hundred deaths a day and has cost over a billion dollars.", "To better understand athletes' experiences and use of opioids, the current study uses in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 35 current athletes and highlights their lived experiences with opioid use.", "Qualitative, line-by-line coding revealed three main themes: the protective role of parents, the teaching potential of athletes' own pain, and the easy access to over-the-counter medication and supplements that allow athletes to address their pain or enhance their performance.", "The results highlight that youth athletes may not misuse opioids to the extent previously predicted by past research and provide insight into the opioid epidemic from a youth sporting perspective." ]

[ "Youth in childcare institutions may have lower levels of food literacy compared to other youth.", "Food literacy, indicating the ability to plan and prepare meals from scratch, is associated with consuming healthier diets.", "The objective of this study was to explore how food literacy is transmitted to youth through involvement and participation in food-related activities in Norwegian childcare institutions.", "Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with 13 staff and 8 adolescents (>16 years of age) selected by convenient sampling in childcare institutions (n = 6) in South-East Norway.", "We found that the institutional context provided both opportunities and limitations for transmitting food literacy.", "The staff tended to prefer a soft approach to transmitting food literacy due to the youth being perceived as vulnerable and a focus on youth autonomy.", "The youth showed ambivalent interests in participating in food-related activities and wished for their need to decide how much to be involved to be respected.", "A firm approach was perceived to increase the risk of conflict.", "Our findings are best interpreted in light of a childcare institution being at the intersect between the homely and public spheres.", "There was ambivalence among staff between following institutional guidelines and caring for the different needs of residents.", "Food was often referred to as symbolizing something else in the relationship between staff and youth, such as care, structure, autonomy, and a normal family life.", "Initiatives aiming at including food literacy in care relations in childcare institutions are recommended." ]

[ "Youth in the legal system are at high risk for opioid and other substance use problems and exhibit high rates of trauma exposure.", "Trauma-focused therapeutic approaches to prevent substance use show promise, but few evidence-based interventions are designed with justice-involved youth in mind.", "Consequently, implementing trauma-informed, evidence-based interventions within juvenile justice systems is challenging.", "The current paper describes the systematic adaptation of Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) as a family-centered substance use prevention program for youth transitioning from secure residential facilities.", "The study utilized the ADAPT-ITT methodological framework to adapt TBRI Caregiver Training, an evidence-based, trauma-informed intervention designed to help caregivers support children and youth with histories of trauma.", "Phases of adaptation included (1) Assessment, (2) Decision, (3) Prototype Development, and (4) Testing and Integration.", "The adaptation process explored contextual factors (e.g., systems, facilities, and staff) and the needs of the new target population (i.e., youth in the legal system and their caregivers).", "Adaptations were made to both content (e.g., terminology and activities) and structure (e.g., session duration and delivery setting) with input from participants from the target population, key stakeholders, and content experts.", "The systematic adaptation of the intervention model resulted in a two-phase, four-component intervention package that can be implemented in juvenile justice settings as part of youth reentry services.", "The primary intervention, delivered while youth are in residential facilities, includes the TBRI Caregiver Curriculum, TBRI Youth & Young Adult Curriculum, and TBRI Nurture Groups.", "The secondary intervention, delivered after youth transition home, includes the TBRI Family Coaching Curriculum.", "Utilizing a systematic methodological framework to guide adaptation has implications for developing accessible, culturally relevant, and contextually appropriate interventions.", "Accounting for contextual factors and population needs can improve the fit of evidence-based interventions for youth in the legal system, facilitating uptake and ultimately improving outcomes for youth at risk for substance use problems.", "ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04678960." ]

[ "Youth who experience homelessness engage in behaviors that place them at high risk for disease and injury.", "Despite their health risk behaviors, these youth display psychological capital, positive attributes of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism that motivate them to engage in health-promoting behaviors such as safer sex.", "However, this array of positive psychological attributes has not been studied in this vulnerable population.", "The specific aim of this analysis was to determine whether factors of psychological capital mediated the relationship between background risk factors (e.g., race/ethnicity, educational attainment, reason for being homeless, sexual abuse history, and HIV status) and outcomes of condom intention, safer sex behaviors, and life satisfaction among youth who participated in a longitudinal intervention study.", "Using a Solomon four-group design, 602 youth were recruited from drop-in centers in two large cities (Columbus, Ohio, and Austin, Texas) to participate in a brief intervention that included outcomes of enhanced communication skills, goal setting, safer sex behaviors, drug refusal skills, and life satisfaction.", "Using an autoregressive, cross-lagged, longitudinal mediation model, we tested the direct and indirect effects of background factors, psychological capital, and intervention outcomes.", "Models were tested for the intervention group alone and the total sample.", "There were no significant direct or indirect effects of background factors on intervention outcomes among the intervention group, and the model fit was poor.", "There were also no significant mediating paths via factors of psychological capital and poor model fit for the combined group.", "Findings provide important information about intrinsic strengths of youth experiencing homelessness and psychological capital as a significant construct for understanding health behaviors among disadvantaged and underserved youth.", "The lack of significant mediation effects may have been due, in part, to the lack of a robust measure of psychological capital.", "Further study with various background factors and outcomes would contribute further to our understanding of how best to support this population." ]

[ "Youth who experience traumatic events are at a substantially higher risk of engaging in substance use and sexual risk behaviors and problems (eg, HIV acquisition) than their non-trauma-exposed counterparts.", "Evidence-based substance use and risky sexual behavior prevention may reduce the risk of these outcomes.", "Trauma-focused mental health treatment provides a window of opportunity for the implementation of such preventive work with these youth.", "However, overburdened clinicians face challenges in adding prevention content while implementing evidence-based treatments.", "Mobile health (mHealth) tools can help reduce this burden in delivering prevention curricula.", "Trauma-Informed Prevention for Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behavior (TIPS) is an mHealth app that was developed to aid trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) clinicians in the implementation of an evidence-based risk behavior prevention curriculum.", "The goal of this paper is to describe the rationale for and development of the TIPS app and present the results of a mixed methods approach for the initial evaluation of its usability.", "Participants included clinicians (n=11), adolescents (n=11), and caregivers (n=10) who completed qualitative interviews and an adapted version of the Website Analysis and Measurement Inventory.", "In total, 4 overarching themes emerged from the participants' answers to the qualitative interview questions, demonstrating a generally positive response to the app.", "The themes were (1) strength of app content, (2) suggestions about app content, (3) esthetics and usability, and (4) benefits to the patient and session implementation.", "Clinicians, adolescents, and caregivers all agreed that the content was very relevant to adolescents and used examples and language that adolescents could relate to.", "All 3 groups also discussed that the content was comprehensive and addressed issues often faced by adolescents.", "All 3 groups of users made suggestions about the esthetics, which mostly comprised suggestions to change the font, color, or pictures within the app.", "Of all the groups, adolescents were most positive about the esthetics and usability of the app.", "Results from the Website Analysis and Measurement Inventory further illustrated the users' favorable reaction to the TIPS app, with 100% (11/11) of clinicians, 100% (10/10) of caregivers, and most adolescents (7/11, 64%) selecting strongly agree or somewhat agree to the following statement: \"This app has much that is of interest to me.\"", "Adolescents generally found the app easier to use than did caregivers and clinicians.", "The TIPS app shows promise as an mHealth tool for TF-CBT clinicians to integrate evidence-based substance use, risky sexual behavior, and HIV prevention during treatment.", "Future research, including a randomized controlled trial comparing TF-CBT implementation with and without the inclusion of the app, is necessary to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the app in reducing the risk of substance use and risky sexual behavior among trauma-exposed adolescents.", "ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03710720; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03710720." ]

[ "Youth with chronic health conditions experience challenges during their transition to adult care.", "Those with marginalized identities likely experience further disparities in care as they navigate structural barriers throughout transition.", "This scoping review aims to identify the social and structural drivers of health (SSDOH) associated with outcomes for youth transitioning to adult care, particularly those who experience structural marginalization, including Black, Indigenous, and 2-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, and others youth.", "Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from earliest available date to May 2022.", "Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, followed by full-text.", "Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer.", "Primary research studying the association between SSDOH and transition outcomes were included.", "SSDOH were subcategorized as social drivers, structural drivers, and demographic characteristics.", "Transition outcomes were classified into themes.", "Associations between SSDOH and outcomes were assessed according to their statistical significance and were categorized into significant (P < .05), nonsignificant (P > .05), and unclear significance.", "101 studies were included, identifying 12 social drivers (childhood environment, income, education, employment, health literacy, insurance, geographic location, language, immigration, food security, psychosocial stressors, and stigma) and 5 demographic characteristics (race and ethnicity, gender, illness type, illness severity, and comorbidity).", "No structural drivers were studied.", "Gender was significantly associated with communication, quality of life, transfer satisfaction, transfer completion, and transfer timing, and race and ethnicity with appointment keeping and transfer completion.", "Studies were heterogeneous and a meta-analysis was not possible.", "Gender and race and ethnicity are associated with inequities in transition outcomes.", "Understanding these associations is crucial in informing transition interventions and mitigating health inequities." ]

[ "Youth with intellectual disabilities experience disparities in physical activity and diet quality.", "Physical and food literacy are hypothesised to support adoption of healthy lifestyles; however, few such interventions have been developed for this population.", "Participants with intellectual disabilities ages 12-16 years were recruited for a 12-week online sports skills and nutrition education intervention.", "Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy were assessed by attendance, satisfaction, and pre-post measures of motor skills, perceived competence and motivation for physical activity, classifying foods, making healthy choices, and food consumption.", "Six teens participated in the program and attended 87.5% of the sessions.", "Satisfaction data suggested that the program was well-received by both teens and parents.", "Trends toward improvements on physical activity and nutrition outcome measures were observed.", "Preliminary data from this pilot study suggest that physical and food literacy in youth with intellectual disabilities can be improved, which in turn may contribute to the adoption of healthy lifestyles." ]

[ "Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly common and is often diagnosed shortly before transition from pediatric to adult care.", "Little is known about the experience of emerging adults (EAs) with T2D and the readiness, barriers, and facilitators to transition.", "This study sought to describe the illness experience of EAs with T2D and perceptions about transition, and explore themes by \"transition readiness,\" measured by the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).", "In this mixed-methods study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with EAs with T2D using a guide grounded in the health belief model, administered the TRAQ, and collected disease metrics from the electronic medical record.", "We developed a coding scheme using a directed content-analysis approach and triangulated qualitative and quantitative data to compare themes stratified by mean TRAQ score.", "Participants described modifying factors like adjusting to life with a chronic illness and coping with mental health issues as critical elements of the illness experience that influence transition.", "Individual beliefs emerged including the perceived risk of disease complications being informed by experience of family members, self-efficacy in diabetes care hinging on the ability to be highly organized, and transition as a daunting obstacle with numerous emotional and logistical barriers.", "Participants emphasized the need for support from caregivers and providers throughout transition.", "Themes did not vary significantly by TRAQ score.", "Experiences of EAs with T2D suggest more assistance is needed in the transition period to address factors such as mental health, organizational skills, and identifying support people to facilitate care." ]

[ "Youths with type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for complications compared with peers with type 1 diabetes, though few studies have evaluated differences in access to specialty care.", "To compare claims with diabetes specialists for youths with type 1 vs type 2 diabetes and the association between specialist claims with multidisciplinary and acute care utilization.", "This cross-sectional study used Optum Clinformatics Data Mart commercial claims.", "Individuals included in the study were youths younger than 19 years with type 1 or 2 diabetes as determined by a validated algorithm and prescription claims.", "Data were collected for youths with at least 80% enrollment in a commercial health plan from December 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019.", "Statistical analysis was performed from September 2022 to January 2024.", "The primary outcome was the number of ambulatory claims from an endocrine and/or diabetes physician or advanced practice clinician associated with a diabetes diagnosis code; secondary outcomes included multidisciplinary and acute care claims.", "Claims were analyzed for 4772 youths (mean [SD] age, 13.6 [3.7] years; 4300 [90.1%] type 1 diabetes; 472 [9.9%] type 2 diabetes; 2465 [51.7%] male; 128 [2.7%] Asian, 303 [6.4] Black or African American, 429 [9.0%] Hispanic or Latino, 3366 [70.5%] non-Hispanic White, and 546 [11.4%] unknown race and ethnicity).", "Specialist claims were lower in type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.52-0.72]; P < .001) in propensity score-weighted analyses.", "The presence of a comorbidity was associated with increased specialist claims for type 1 diabetes (IRR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.03-1.10]) and decreased claims for type 2 diabetes (IRR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67-0.87]).", "Pooling diagnosis groups and adjusted for covariates, each additional specialist claim was associated with increased odds of a claim with a diabetes care and education specialist (odds ratio [OR], 1.31 [95% CI, 1.25-1.36]), dietitian (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.09-1.19]), and behavioral health clinician (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.12-1.20]).", "For acute care claims, each additional specialist claim was associated with increased odds of admission (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.11-1.24]) but not for emergency claims (OR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.98-1.82]).", "This cross-sectional study found that youths with type 2 diabetes were significantly less likely to have specialist claims despite insurance coverage, indicating other barriers to care, which may include medical complexity.", "Access to diabetes specialists influences engagement with multidisciplinary services.", "The association between increasing ambulatory clinician services and admissions suggests high utilization by a subgroup of patients at greater risk for poor outcomes." ]

[ "YouTube is the third most popular app in the world and continues to grow each year while it reaches over 2 billion users a month.", "A variety of veterinary topics are addressed on YouTube but to date there have been no studies analysing misinformation of various canine cancer topics on YouTube or social media.", "This study described the characteristics of 99 unique videos and used the validated DISCERN quality criteria for consumer health information and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to characterize their usefulness.", "The overall median DISCERN quality score was 3 (out of 5), the median PEMAT understandability score was 72%, and 61% of videos contained little to no misinformation.", "53% of videos were created by veterinarians and this subset had significantly higher PEMAT understandability and DISCERN quality scores compared with client-created content (p = .0228 and p ≤ .0001, respectively).", "Videos with little to no misinformation had statistically significant higher DISCERN quality scores (3 vs. 2, p = .0001).", "There was no statistical significance between misinformation levels and video length, PEMAT understandability, thumbs up/view, or views/mo.", "These data reveal similar rates of misinformation in videos on canine cancer compared to that reported for various human cancer topics.", "This study highlights the need for veterinarians to guide clients to more reliable and understandable information regarding their pet's health." ]

[ "YouTube, the largest online video platform, has become increasingly popular as a source of health information to patients.", "The aim of the study was to assess whether Korean patients were well informed about spinal injection from YouTube.", "Search for the keyword \"cheog-chu ju-sa\" in Korean language was done, and the quality of the 51 videos with the highest number of views was evaluated independently by two pain management doctors.", "The averages of global quality scores evaluated by the two doctors were 3.0 and 3.5 and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scores were 2.8 and 3.0, respectively.", "The Kappa statistic between the two doctors' scores was 0.285 and 0.417.", "The percentage of low-quality videos with a global quality score of 2 or less is 18-36%, which indicated that these videos might provide inaccurate or misleading medical information to the patient.", "Pain clinic doctors should be wary of medically misleading information available on online platforms, such as YouTube, and strive to create and distribute professional quality educational materials." ]

[ "Zebrafish have been used as an education tool for students of all ages and can be used in many learning environments to teach different fields of science.", "In this study, we focus on the biology of zebrafish.", "We describe an educational program within a weeklong science camp for students between 12 and 14 years old.", "The methodology described is based on running annual science camps over an 11-year period.", "In these camps, students learnt about the developmental stages of zebrafish, as well as general zebrafish biology, husbandry, ecology, behavior, and reproduction.", "This article describes how to provide students and educators with an educational program to explore, discover, and contribute to the ever-evolving landscape of biological understanding through active and visual learning.", "We describe the methodology, the evaluation, revisions to our program over time, and future directions for expansion." ]

[ "Zhu and Gigerenzer (2006) showed that an appreciable number of Chinese children aged between 9 and 12years old made correct quantitative Bayesian inferences requiring the integration of priors and likelihoods as long as they were presented with numerical information phrased in terms of natural frequencies.", "In this study, we sought to replicate this finding and extend the investigation of children's Bayesian reasoning to a different numerical format (chances) and other probability questions (distributive and relative).", "In Experiment 1, a sample of Italian children was presented with the natural frequency version of five Bayesian inference problems employed by Zhu and Gigerenzer (2006), but only a tiny minority of them were able to produce correct responses.", "In Experiment 2, we found that the children's accuracy, as well as the coherence between their probability judgments, depended on the type of question but not on the format (natural frequency vs. chance) in which information was presented.", "We conclude that children's competence in drawing quantitative Bayesian inferences is lower than suggested by Zhu and Gigerenzer (2006) and, similarly to what happens with adults, it relies more on a problem representation that fosters an extensional evaluation of possibilities than on a specific numerical format." ]

[ "Zimbabwean government adopted competency-based curriculum in 2017 as a measure to prepare learners for life and work in an indigenised economy and increasingly globalised and competitive environment.", "The government also sought to ensure that learners develop skills necessary for lifelong learning in line with the emerging opportunities.", "The purpose of this study was to explore challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of competency-based curriculum to learners with learning disabilities in Mhangura of Makonde District in Zimbabwe.", "A constructivist lived experience perspective underpinned this research, in which a single case study was used to interact with participants on challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of competency-based curriculum to learners with learning disabilities.", "Purposive sampling was used to select nine participants (five males and four females).", "Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and transcribed verbatim.", "Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis of data sources.", "Results indicated that participants were facing several challenges in implementing competency-based curriculum to learners with learning disabilities.", "Among the cited challenges were negative attitudes towards learners with learning disabilities, poor teacher preparation, lack of resources and poor collaboration.", "The study concluded that the objectives of competency-based curriculum are noble to learners, but its implementation is not inclusive.", "The study findings will assist in identifying areas that need to be improved and need strengthening.", "The education policy makers in the country will have a better understanding of challenges faced by teachers in the implementation of competency-based curriculum in Zimbabwe." ]

[ "Zoonoses are an increasing concern worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.", "People with close contact with animals are at high risk for contracting and transmitting the zoonotic diseases.", "To determine health literacy of livestock farmers toward biosecurity to prevent zoonotic diseases.", "This cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, where livestock and farming are the main occupation.", "The questionnaire survey was submitted to 218 farmers who have close contact with livestock.", "In addition, 8 farmers were invited to an in-depth interview to further explore the health literacy.", "Half of the participants were men.", "The average age (standard deviation) of the participants was 49.3(11.5) years.", "The median years with experience in farming was 15 years.", "The majority (82.0%) of the participants had moderate health literacy level regarding zoonoses.", "Improper use of antibiotics was referred by 58.0% of participants, including antibiotic use as feeding supplements (34.0%) and the use of human antibiotics to treat sick animals (24.0%).", "Many participants were unaware of zoonotic prevention measures and due to this had practices such as not wearing protective equipment (60.0%), an absence of acaricides to prevent vector infestations (52.0%), an absence of disinfection measures (42.0%), low rate of rabies vaccination (54.0%), and do not quarantining sick animals (38.0%).", "In-depth interviews revealed great concern among farmers about a collective lack of participation from local veterinarians, health workers, and government authorities in zoonoses-prevention efforts.", "Statistical models showed that farm scale, ethnic groups, and perceived income were associated with the overall health literacy about zoonoses.", "Comprehensive health education related to zoonotic diseases is recommended to improve overall knowledge, including routes of transmission, symptoms and consequences of diseases, and antibiotic usage.", "In addition, guidance should be provided to farmers on how to treat sick animals, the appropriate use of antibiotics, and waste management.", "Local veterinarians and health workers are important contact points and should work closely with the farmers to prevent zoonotic diseases." ]