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[ "Although physics is a pre-requisite for dental students prior to matriculation it is not tested on the Dental Admissions Test (DAT).", "The concepts of physics are found throughout the dental profession, and by testing it on the DAT dental students will be better equipped to relate physics to their field and help advance it.", "The purpose of this paper is to make the argument for why it should be tested, as well as eliminating some of the superfluous topics on the DAT (ecology, environmental sciences, and plant physiology).", "This paper will focus on a few of concepts already taught in dentistry, and explore how physics principles apply to several of them.", "We want to emphasize the importance of physics and how testing even the most basic concepts will help prepare students to \"think outside the box\".", "Classical physics, specifically Newtonian Mechanics, has several applications in nearly all areas of dentistry: restorative, orthodontics, prosthodontics, and surgery.", "The testing of basic formulas studied in the pre-requisite physics classes will help ease the transition from college to dental school.", "Modern physics, namely Quantum Mechanics, also plays a significant role in current dental diagnostics and therapeutics.", "Additionally, with the development of the Integrated National Board Dental Examination (INBDE) as a replacement for the old NBDE part 1 and 2, there are topics tested that specifically focus on physics: Foundational Knowledge Areas 2 and 3.", "Thus, it is critical that the student dentist be familiar with these concepts.", "It is important to note that scientific changes occurring in the health sciences almost mandates students be familiar with concepts rooted in physics.", "It is then proposed that physics be incorporated into the exam, either with the natural sciences or within the quantitative reasoning section, in addition to eliminating topics not relevant to the dental field." ]

[ "Although post-stroke delirium is a frequent complication in acute settings and has significant long-lasting implications for patients, the prevalence of post-stroke delirium diagnosed according to gold-standard criteria remains uncertain.", "This highlights the importance of updating the current evidence.", "This review aims to provide a precise estimation of the prevalence of delirium in acute post-stroke settings and to explore potential differences in the reported prevalence according to the characteristics of the study and stroke survivors.", "Systematic review and meta-analysis.", "Post-stroke survivors with delirium in acute settings.", "Five English and two Chinese language databases from inception to June 2023, and the reference lists of published reviews.", "Studies reporting the prevalence of post-stroke delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria with the description of assessment method in the absence of interventions for delirium were eligible.", "Two reviewers independently screened searched records and extracted data from eligible studies.", "A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to evaluate the prevalence of post-stroke delirium, and predefined subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and mixed-effects meta-regression were conducted to explore the contribution of heterogeneity.", "Twenty-nine eligible studies involving 8839 survivors were included.", "In acute settings, the overall weighted prevalence of post-stroke delirium was 25 % (95 % CI, 20-30; I2, 95 %).", "Subgroup analyses revealed age-dependent variations in delirium prevalence, with rates of 20 %, 25 %, and 34 % for ages 60-64, 65-74, and 75-79, respectively.", "Delirium prevalence varied by assessment duration (7 days: 31 %, >7 days: 24 %, <7 days: 20 %).", "Initial screening significantly reduced reported prevalence to 15 %, compared with 30 % when no initial screening was conducted.", "Delirium prevalence was lower when nurses were involved in assessments (13 % vs. 29 %).", "No significant effects were detected for economic status, publication year, female percentage, onset-to-admission time, stroke type, and assessment frequency.", "Meta-regression analysis revealed that higher delirium prevalence was associated with increased survivors' age (β = 0.051; 95 % CI, -0.0002 to 0.103; P = 0.05; R2 = 13.36 %).", "A high prevalence of post-stroke delirium was observed in acute settings.", "Nurses are required to integrate and coordinate the prevention, early detection, and management of delirium following stroke into their nursing practice, particularly for older stroke survivors.", "The findings necessitate the need for incorporating specialized training within nursing education to identify and manage the delirium effectively and accurately.", "This reinforces the pivotal role of nurses in the early detection and prevention of delirium within the acute stroke care continuum.", "The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022352097).", "Evidence suggests 25 % prevalence of post-stroke delirium in acute settings, with higher rates in older patients, emphasizing the need for prevention, early detection, and management in nursing practice." ]

[ "Although prior studies have demonstrated that children with high levels of fundamental movement skill (FMS) are more active throughout the day, little is known about children's FMS and their physical activity (PA) during different segments of the school day (e.g., recess, lunch break, and physical education).", "The present study focused on FMS and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) during school day and identifies the association between children's FMS and MVPA during different segments of the school day in China.", "A total of 322 children (boys n = 163, girls n = 159; Mage = 8.12, SD = 1.22 years) from four elementary schools involved in this study.", "Children's FMS and MVPA were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd edition (TGMD-2) and hip-mounted accelerometers.", "Data such as height, weight, and socio-economic status (SES) were also obtained.", "Multilevel mixed regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional associations between FMS and MVPA.", "Models were adjusted for gender, age, standardized body mass index, and SES.", "Children engaged in 32.19 min of MVPA during the whole school day.", "Boys were more active than girls and had higher object-control skills competency.", "Locomotor skills were positively associated with children's long recess (B = 1.063) and short recess time (B = 1.502) MVPA.", "Object-control skills were positively correlated with children's MVPA time during long recess (B = 1.244) and physical education (PE) lessons (B = 1.171).", "The findings highlight the importance of developing both locomotor and object-control skills in elementary schools to lead more MVPA engagement during different segments of the school day." ]

[ "Although prior work reveals that gender bias against women produces gender gaps favoring men in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics engagement, research has yet to explore whether gender bias against men produces gender gaps favoring women in health care, early education, and domestic (HEED) engagement.", "Supporting preregistered predictions, results from an online study with MTurkers (N = 296) and a laboratory study with college students (N = 275) revealed that men expressed less sense of belonging, positivity toward, and aspirations to participate in HEED (and anticipated more discrimination) than did women when exposed to the reality of antimale gender biases in these domains.", "However, when told that HEED displays gender equality, men's engagement matched women's.", "Moderated mediation analyses revealed the importance of sense of belonging (and to a lesser extent, anticipated discrimination) in explaining why gender bias leads men to express less HEED positivity and aspirations than women.", "The current research thus provided novel evidence suggesting that gender bias contributes to men's underrepresentation in HEED, with important implications for broader occupational gender segregation.", "(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)." ]

[ "Although randomized trials and systematic reviews provide the best evidence to guide medical practice, many permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) studies have been published as case reports.", "However, the quality of these studies has not been assessed.", "The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which the current case reports for PNDM comply with the Case Report (CARE) guidelines and to explore variables associated with the reporting.", "Six English and four Chinese databases were searched from their inception to December 2022 for PNDM case reports.", "The 23 items CARE checklist was used to measure reporting quality.", "Primary outcome was the adherence rate of each CARE item and second outcome was total reporting score for each included PNDM case report.", "Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the connection between five pre-specified predictor variables and the reporting quality.", "The predictor variables were impact factor of the published journal (<3.4 vs. ≥3.4, categorized according to the median), funding (yes vs. no), language (English vs. other language), published journal type (general vs. special) and year of publication (>2013 vs. ≤ 2013).", "In total, 105 PNDM case reports were included in this study.", "None of the 105 PNDM case reports fulfilled all 23 items of the CARE checklist.", "The response rate of 11 items were under 50%, including prognostic characteristics presentation (0%), patient perspective interpretation (0%), diagnostic challenges statement (2.9%), clinical course summary (21.0%), diagnostic reasoning statement (22.9%), title identification (24.8%), case presentation (33.3%), disease history description (34.3%), strengths and limitations explanation (41.0%), informed consent statement (45.7%), and lesson elucidation (47.6%).", "This study identified that the PNDM case reports published in higher impact factor journals were statistically associated with a higher reporting quality.", "The reporting of case reports for PNDM is generally poor.", "As a result, this information may be misleading to providers, and the clinical applications may be detrimental to patient care.", "To improve reporting quality, journals should encourage strict adherence to the CARE guidelines." ]

[ "Although reflective thinking is regarded as an important learning aspect of debriefing, the factors that can affect reflective thinking during simulation debriefing remain unclear.", "This study aimed to identify factors affecting reflective thinking during simulation debriefing among nursing students.", "This study used a cross-sectional descriptive survey design with a convenience sample of 198 Korean nursing students.", "Participants completed a structured web-based self-administered questionnaire regarding the reflective learning continuum, psychological safety, learner communications skills, and debriefing process design.", "Multiple regression analyses were used to identify the factors affecting reflective thinking.", "Significant factors were debriefing process design, learner communication skills, student-to-student interactions, and instructor-to-student interactions.", "Psychological safety did not affect the reflective thinking of nursing students.", "Nurse educators should design and implement strategies to maintain effective debriefing processes, improve communication skills, and facilitate student-to-student and instructor-to-student interactions to promote reflective thinking during simulation debriefing." ]

[ "Although research and innovation is a key within the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, the impact of team structure, interpersonal dynamics, and/or standardized infrastructure on scholarly output has been infrequently studied.", "In this work, we present the formation and implementation of a novel plastic surgery research program that aims to unite previously disparate clinical and translational research efforts at our institution to facilitate critical inquiry.", "From July 2022 to June 2023, our department launched a pilot research program based on three pillars: (1) formalization of a research curriculum (monthly research meetings for agenda setting and discussion for project honing, formal research leadership for meeting facilitation and workflow regulation), (2) development of a centralized database to compile ongoing research (Google Drive repository to house all ongoing research documents, facilitate real-time editing, and provide resources/templates for assisting in the research process), and (3) bolstering of a core research identity built on mentorship and collaboration (more frequent interactions to shift previously siloed faculty-student mentorship into a robust milieu of intercollaboration).", "During the first year, we saw an increased number of publications and presentations, as well as robust participation and contribution from faculty, residents, and medical students.", "Future directions will focus on addressing resource limitation, such as project idea availability and funding, to sustain the success and growth of this novel research infrastructure." ]

[ "Although research on teaching style preferences is available in the literature, there is limited information on the preferences of optometry teachers.", "The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted educational practices in all sectors.", "This study focuses on the teaching style preferences and online teaching practices of optometry teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "The study used a case study research design and a self-administered online questionnaire and follow-up semi-structured interview for data collection.", "The Grasha-Riechmann teaching style inventory was used to explore the teaching style preferences (Expert, Formal Authority, Demonstrator, Facilitator and Delegator).", "Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis respectively.", "The optometry teachers were aged between 29 and 51 years (median = 45 years) and had between 3 and 25 years of teaching experience (median = 5 years).", "All teachers scored high in the Expert teaching style and most had scores categorized as high for the Delegator, Facilitator and Formal Authority teaching styles.", "The teachers reported that the initial adaptation to online teaching was difficult and challenging as they were not prepared for the rapid transition to online learning.", "They used various resources and materials but felt that student participation and engagement was lower in online teaching.", "Teachers noted that more time was needed to prepare materials for online teaching than for face-to-face teaching.", "Optometry teachers adopted a multidimensional approach preferring the different teaching styles to varying degrees.", "Teachers noted challenges with the initial transition and adaptation to online teaching and used a combination of resources to support student learning." ]

[ "Although school screenings identify children with vision problems and issue referrals for medical treatment at an ophthalmic hospital, the effectiveness of this approach remains unverified.", "To investigate the impact of ophthalmic clinical services on the onset and progression of myopia in preschool children identified with vision impairment.", "Using data from the Shanghai Child and Adolescent Large-scale Eye Study (SCALE), this retrospective cohort study evaluated the visual development of children from three districts-Jing'an, Minhang, and Pudong-which are representative of geographic diversity and economic disparity in Shanghai's 17 districts.", "Initially, in 2015, the study encompassed 14,572 children aged 4-6 years, of whom 5,917 needed a referral.", "Our cohort consisted of 5,511 children who had two or more vision screenings and complete personal information over the follow-up period from January 2015 to December 2020.", "We divided these children into two groups based on their initial spherical equivalent (SE): a High-risk group (SE > -0.5 D) and a Myopia group (SE ≤ -0.5 D).", "Within each of these groups, we further categorized children into Never, Tardily, and Timely groups based on their referral compliance to compare the differences in the occurrence and progression of myopia.", "Cox proportional models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for myopia incidence per person-years of follow-up in High-risk group.", "Generalized additive models(GAM) was used to calculating the progression for annual spherical equivalent changes in all children.", "Of the 5,511 preschool children (mean age, 5.25 years; 52.24% male) who received a referral recommendation, 1,327 (24.08%) sought clinical services at an ophthalmic hospital.", "After six years of follow-up, 65.53% of children developed myopia.", "The six-year cumulative incidence of myopia in the Never, Tardily, and Timely groups was 64.76%, 69.31%, and 57.14%, respectively.", "These percentages corresponded to hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.10-1.55) for the Tardily group and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.33-0.93) for the Timely group, compared with the Never group.", "The HRs were adjusted for age, sex, and SE at study entry.", "Interestingly, the Timely group showed significantly less SE progression than the other groups (P < 0.001), and SE progression was higher in the High-risk group (-0.33 ± 0.37D/year) than in children with myopia (-0.08 ± 0.55D/year).", "Timely utilization of ophthalmic clinical services among children aged 4 to 6 years who fail school vision screenings can significantly reduce the incidence of myopia and slow SE progression." ]

[ "Although school-based gardening programs for children have consistently been shown to improve dietary behaviors, no cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) has evaluated the effects of a school-based gardening intervention on metabolic outcomes.", "To evaluate the effects of a school-based gardening, nutrition, and cooking intervention (Texas Sprouts) on changes in metabolic outcomes in elementary schoolchildren.", "This study was a secondary analysis of a cluster RCT, conducted over 3 years from 2016 to 2019, at low-income elementary schools with majority Hispanic students in the greater Austin, Texas, area.", "Data were analyzed from January to August 2022.", "Texas Sprouts was 1 school year long (9 months) and consisted of (1) Garden Leadership Committee formation; (2) a 0.25-acre outdoor teaching garden; (3) 18 student gardening, nutrition, and cooking lessons taught by trained educators throughout the school year; and (4) 9 monthly parent lessons.", "The delayed intervention was implemented the following academic year and received an identical intervention.", "The following measures were obtained at baseline and postintervention (9 months): demographics via survey; measured height, weight, and body mass index parameters; and glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and a lipid panel via an optional fasting blood draw.", "Sixteen elementary schools were randomly assigned to either Texas Sprouts intervention (8 schools) or to delayed intervention (control, 8 schools).", "A total of 3302 children (aged 7-12 years) were enrolled in Texas Sprouts, and fasting blood samples were obtained from 1104 children (or 33% of those enrolled) at baseline.", "The final analytic sample included 695 children (307 boys [44.17%]; mean [SE] age, 9.28 [0.04] years; 480 Hispanic children [69.02%]; 452 [65.03%] eligible for free or reduced lunch) with complete demographic data and baseline and postintervention (9-month) fasting blood draws.", "Compared with control schools, children from Texas Sprouts schools had a 0.02% reduction in mean hemoglobin A1c (95% CI, 0.03%-0.14%; P = .005) and a 6.40 mg/dL reduction in mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI, 3.82-8.97 mg/dL; P = .048).", "There were no intervention effects on glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, or other lipid parameters.", "In this cluster RCT, Texas Sprouts improved glucose control and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-risk youth.", "These findings suggest that elementary schools should incorporate garden-based interventions as a way to improve metabolic parameters in children.", "ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02668744." ]

[ "Although sleep problems are prevalent among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), many research gaps exist in this area.", "The aims of this study were to identify sleep duration and sleep difficulty in people with COPD and to determine factors influencing these sleep variables.", "This cross-sectional study employed data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) performed in 2019.", "A total of 408 people with COPD were included in the study.", "Individuals' sociodemographic, COPD-related, and psychological characteristics were examined to determine factors affecting their sleep duration and sleep difficulty.", "Of 408 study subjects, almost 95% had mild or moderate COPD.", "The mean sleep duration of the subjects was 6.73 hours per day, indicating short sleep duration.", "Subjects with elementary school or no education, middle individual income, unmarried status, or depression were more likely to have shorter sleep duration than those with middle or high school education, low individual income, married status, or no depression.", "In addition, over 54% of subjects experienced mild to severe sleep difficulty.", "Female gender, low family income, and more perceived stress were significantly associated with greater sleep difficulty.", "Among the study subjects, over 40% had short sleep duration or mild to severe sleep difficulty.", "Although COPD severity was not significantly associated with sleep duration or sleep difficulty, sociodemographic disparities in sleep health were observed." ]

[ "Although sociodemographic characteristics are associated with health disparities, the relative predictive value of different social and demographic factors remains largely unknown.", "This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of All of Us participants and evaluate the predictive value of each factor for chronic diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality.", "We performed a cross-sectional analysis using de-identified survey data from the All of Us Research Program, which has collected social, demographic, and health information from adults living in the United States since May 2018.", "Sociodemographic data included self-reported age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, income, education, health insurance, primary care provider (PCP) status, and health literacy scores.", "We analyzed the self-reported prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, any cancer, skin cancer, lung disease, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.", "Finally, we assessed the relative importance of each sociodemographic factor for predicting each chronic disease using the adequacy index for each predictor from logistic regression.", "Among the 372,050 participants in this analysis, the median age was 53 years, 59.8% reported female sex, and the most common racial/ethnic categories were White (54.0%), Black (19.9%), and Hispanic/Latino (16.7%).", "Participants who identified as Asian, Middle Eastern/North African, and White were the most likely to report annual incomes greater than $200,000, advanced degrees, and employer or union insurance, while participants who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander were the most likely to report annual incomes less than $10,000, less than a high school education, and Medicaid insurance.", "We found that age was most predictive of hypertension, coronary artery disease, any cancer, skin cancer, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.", "Insurance type was most predictive of lung disease.", "Notably, no two health conditions had the same order of importance for sociodemographic factors.", "Age was the best predictor for the assessed chronic diseases, but the relative predictive value of income, education, health insurance, PCP status, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation was highly variable across health conditions.", "Identifying the sociodemographic groups with the largest disparities in a specific disease can guide future interventions to promote health equity." ]

[ "Although socioeconomic factors are important determinants of population mortality, the effect of educational level on the survival of patients with cancer in China is unclear.", "This study aimed to assess whether educational level is associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer and to explore the mediators of this association.", "This multicentre cohort study included 18,251 patients diagnosed with cancer between May 2013 and December 2018.", "The main parameters measured were overall survival (OS) and all-cause mortality.", "The relationship between educational level and all-cause mortality was assessed using multifactor-corrected Cox survival analysis.", "Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between educational level and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA).", "The mean age of the 18,251 participants (men, 9939 [54.4%]) was 57.37 ± 11.66 years.", "Multifactorial survival analysis showed that patients survived longer with increasing education (university and above vs. elementary school and below; p = p = <0.001, HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.92), and the differences were statistically significant in different subgroups.", "The potential impact factors included sex, age, TNM stage, and PG-SGA score.", "Logistic regression showed a significant negative association between educational level and the modifiable factor PG-SGA (secondary vs. primary and below; p = 0.004, HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.97; university and above vs. primary and below; p < 0.001, HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71-0.88).", "Educational level was a significant prognostic factor for patients with cancer, independent of other known prognostic factors.", "This association was further improved by modifying the nutritional status." ]

[ "Although sport psychology practitioners and researchers acknowledge the importance of continued professional development (CPD) for professional effectiveness and excellence, few studies have explored the influence of CPD activities on the practitioners' practice and thinking.", "This study examined qualified Swedish sport psychology practitioners' experiences of engaging in a CPD program and how it impacted their professional development.", "The Swedish Sports Confederation offers a CPD program that targets performance enhancement services and psychotherapy for sport psychology practitioners.", "We explored the influence of this CPD program on the professional development of 13 graduates (five females; age in years: M = 41.2, SD = 8.3) via semi-structured interviews.", "Our stance involved a realist ontology and constructionist epistemology.", "We followed the six-step Reflexive Thematic Analysis procedures to analyze data.", "We identified four themes of CPD: (1) Critique (participants decided to do the CPD program because of perceived gaps in their knowledge and skills), (2) Change (participants discussed several changes as a result of the CPD program), (3) Context (participants discussed the aspects of the CPD program that promoted change), and (4) Challenge (participants mentioned issues related to having completed the program).", "The study provides insights into the value of CPD activities for sport psychology practitioners, advances current knowledge on practitioner maturation, and illustrates how CPD fits within a practitioner's lifelong learning.", "Future research could investigate the professional development of mid-career sport psychology practitioners engaging in other CPD programs to confirm or extend this work." ]

[ "Although statins reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes, less than one-half of eligible patients receive treatment.", "A nonprescription statin has the potential to improve access to statins.", "This study sought to assess concordance between clinician and consumer assessment of eligibility for nonprescription statin treatment using a technology assisted self-selection Web application (Web App) and evaluate effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.", "This study was a prospective actual use 6-month study to evaluate use of a Web App to qualify participants without a medical background for a moderate-intensity statin based on current guidelines.", "Participants entered demographic information, cholesterol values, blood pressure, and concomitant medications into the Web App, resulting in 3 possible outcomes: \"do not use,\" \"ask a doctor,\" and \"OK to use.\"", "The study included 1,196 participants, with a median age of 63 years (Q1-Q3: 57-68 years); 39.6% were women, 79.3% were White, 11.7% were Black, and 4.1% had limited literacy.", "Mean LDL-C was 139.6 ± 28.3 mg/dL and the median calculated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was 10.1% (Q1-Q3: 7.3%-14.0%).", "Initial Web App self-selection resulted in an outcome concordant with clinician assessment in 90.7% (95% CI: 88.9%-92.3%) of participants, and 98.1% (95% CI: 97.1%-98.8%) had a concordant final use outcome during treatment.", "Mean percent change in LDL-C was -35.5% (95% CI: -36.6% to -34.3%).", "Serious adverse events occurred in 27 (2.3%) participants, none related to the study drug.", "In this actual use study, a technology-assisted Web App allowed >90% of consumers to correctly self-select for statin use and achieve clinically important LDL-C reductions.", "(Technology-Assisted Cholesterol Trial in Consumers [TACTiC]; NCT04964544)." ]

[ "Although statistical learning (SL) has been studied extensively in developmental dyslexia (DD), less attention has been paid to other fundamental challenges in language acquisition, such as cross-situational word learning.", "Such investigation is important for determining whether and how SL processes are affected in DD at the word level.", "In this study, typically developed (TD) adults and young adults with DD were exposed to a set of trials that contained multiple spoken words and multiple pictures of individual objects, with no information about word-referent correspondences provided within a trial.", "Nonetheless, cross-trial statistical relations could be exploited to learn word-referent mappings.", "The degree of within-trial reference uncertainty and the novelty of to-be-learned objects (novel or familiar) were varied under different learning conditions.", "The results show that across all conditions, young adults with DD were significantly impaired in their ability to exploit cross-trial regularities in co-occurring visual-auditory streams to discover word-referent mappings.", "Observed impairments were most pronounced when within-trial reference uncertainty was the highest.", "Subjective measures of knowledge awareness revealed greater development of implicit but not explicit knowledge in the TD group than in the DD group.", "Together, these findings suggest that the SL deficit in DD affects fundamental language learning challenges at the word level and points to greater reliance on explicit processes due to impaired implicit associative learning among individuals with DD.", "Such a deficit is likely to influence spoken language acquisition, and in turn affect literacy skills, in people with DD." ]

[ "Although stem cell research and therapeutic applications hold great promise for medical advancements, and have rapidly progressed globally, there remains a lack of genuine public awareness of the status of this subject in Saudi Arabia.", "Successful integration of stem cell therapy into healthcare relies on public awareness, understanding, and trust.", "Therefore, we aimed in this cross-sectional study to assess the public's knowledge, awareness, trust, support, participation, and confidence in stem cell treatments and centers involved in it.", "A voluntary questionnaire of 20 questions was distributed randomly via social media outlets.", "Three thousand five hundred eighty four individuals participated in the survey, with approximately half of them falling within the age range of 35-50 years (46.71%).", "Majority of the participants, 90.71%, would like to know more about stem cell therapy and more than half of the participants (56.94%) were unfamiliar with the idea, and a comparable proportion (50.41%) expressed concerns about the safety of stem cell therapy.", "A lower level of awareness, indicated by a score of 5, was evenly distributed across all age groups and genders.", "However, regardless of gender, older participants-especially those 50 years of age or older-tended to report higher levels of confidence, trust, and support than participants in other age groups.", "Moreover, trust, support, participation, and confidence score for those attained high school or less was statistically significantly lower than those attained master's or PhD degree.", "Of the participants, 33.57% had either received stem cell therapy themselves or known someone who had; about 24.07% of them reported that it was a cosmetic type of treatment.", "The study emphasizes the persistent need for awareness and educational initiatives to minimize the lack of public awareness and understanding of approved stem cell treatments in Saudi Arabia.", "It advocates for increased education, transparency, and communication to bridge knowledge gaps and enhance public trust to ensure the understanding of successful treatment." ]

[ "Although studies on sports performance, leadership abilities, group cohesion, and learning motivation have revealed that the sport education model contributes considerably to the development of healthy lifestyles, few studies have explored the development of healthy lifestyles from an educational intervention perspective.", "This study fills this gap in the literature.", "In addition, studies have mostly recruited elementary or middle school students; few have explored the effectiveness of sport education for college students.", "To fill this gap, this study conducted quasi-experimental research on university students by using different teaching strategies, with healthy lifestyles as the dependent variable.", "The research participants consisted of 95 students from Ming Chuang University distributed to an experimental group or control group.", "The experimental group was taught using the sport education model; the control group was taught using direct instruction.", "The results indicate that the sport education model has a stronger ability to promote healthy lifestyles than conventional teaching.", "Additionally, the results suggest that teachers should apply specific teaching strategies to cultivate and reinforce exercise habits and healthy behaviors among students.", "On the basis of the results, the researchers suggest that physical education teachers establish effective teaching strategies and promote healthy lifestyles to students." ]

[ "Although sustainable development goals mandate for quality early childhood development (ECD) interventions for children <8 years, little occurs for children <3 years, especially in urban settings in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).", "Our primary objective was to measure the effect of an ECD-focused parenting and nutrition education on children's development through home visits using a social safety net platform of urban Bangladesh.", "A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with mothers of children aged 6-16 months in 20 clusters across the Rangpur city, Bangladesh.", "The intervention group received fortnightly ECD-focused parenting and nutrition education at homes by local Community Health Workers (CHWs) for one year.", "Bayley-III was used to measure children's cognitive, language and motor development.", "Data were analyzed using intention to treat.", "ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03753646.", "Out of 599 mother-child dyads, 56.6% mothers were aged ≤ 25 years old.", "After one year, the intervened children had higher cognitive [Effect size Cohen's d; 0.42 SD (95% CI: 0.58-0.25)], language (0.38 SD, 95% CI: 0.55-0.22) and motor (0.17 SD, 95% CI: 0.01-0.34) development.", "In the intervention group, mothers experienced less violence [Odds ratio; 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4-1.0)] and fathers engaged more (0.23 SD, CI: 0.39-0.06) in ECD activities with their children compared to the comparison group.", "Total home stimulation and mothers' knowledge on child care were also improved in the intervention.", "But the children's growth was not improved.", "This ECD programme improves the development of children of young mothers in urban settings using a social safety-net platform.", "The evidence may help in increasing ECD coverage in urban areas in LMICs.", "Grand Challenges Canada, Saving Brains Programme Grant Number: SB-1810-20176." ]

[ "Although teaching is an essential part of Graduate Medical Education and the practice of medicine, it is not often formally taught in Undergraduate Medical Education.", "Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (VUSM) has addressed this gap by creating a year-long Students-as-Teachers elective for post-clerkship medical students.", "The elective utilizes diverse activities to emphasize core tenets of medical education theory while simultaneously providing authentic teaching opportunities.", "The success of the elective is primarily attributable to its structure and design, the collaborative and supportive medical education environment, and student initiative and engagement.", "This manuscript describes the implementation and outcomes of the Students-as-Teachers elective." ]

[ "Although the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) provide regulations and guidance on fellowship didactic education, each program establishes their own didactic schedules to address these learning needs.", "Wide variation exists in content, educators, amount of protected educational time, and the format for didactic lectures.", "This inconsistency can contribute to fellow dissatisfaction, a perceived poor learning experience, and poor attendance.", "Our objective was to create a Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (NPM) fellow curriculum based on adult learning theory utilizing fellow input to improve the perceived fellow experience.", "A needs assessment of current NPM fellows at Cincinnati Children's Hospital was conducted to guide the development of a new curriculum.", "Fellow perception of educational experience and board preparedness before and after introduction of the new curriculum was collected.", "Study period was from October 2018 to July 2021.", "One hundred percent of the fellows responded to the needs assessment survey.", "A response rate of 100 and 87.5% were noted on mid-curriculum survey and postcurriculum survey, respectively.", "Key themes identified and incorporated into the curriculum included schedule structure, content, and delivery mode.", "A new didactic curriculum implementing a consistent schedule of shorter lectures grouped by organ system targeting ABP core content was created.", "After curriculum implementation, fellows had higher self-perception of board preparedness, and overall improved satisfaction.", "Our positive experience in implementing this curriculum provides a framework for individual programs to implement similar curricula, and could be utilized to aid in development of national NPM curricula.", "· Fellowship didactic education varies significantly resulting in learner dissatisfaction and poor attendance.. · Widespread need to restructure didactic curricula exists.. · Our study provides a framework for future curricula.." ]

[ "Although the concept of telehealth is of great interest globally, its potential has not yet been realized in Pakistan.", "It is therefore essential to explore the perspectives of stakeholders on the technology, particularly for mental health, to be able to increase and improve its use.", "To assess the perceptions and experiences of patients receiving tele-mental health services, including telepsychiatry and tele-psychotherapy, in Pakistan.", "For this qualitative exploratory study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 49 individuals at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.", "Using the Cresswell framework for content analysis, we identified 3 major themes that focused on the positive and negative aspects of tele-mental health services and made suggestions for enhancing them.", "Twenty-six of the participants received telepsychiatry, while the remaining 23 received tele-psychotherapy services.", "Technical literacy, cost of consultation, privacy, and therapeutic alliance were the major challenges identified by the patients, while convenience and the absence of stigma were highlighted as key facilitators for tele-mental health.", "Tele-consultations reduced travel and waiting time, thus improving access to healthcare.", "Participants suggested that the processes for booking appointments and making payments should be streamlined and the cost of tele-consultation reduced.", "This study provides insightful findings on tele-mental health services from the perspectives of patients living in an Asian culture.", "The major benefits highlighted were destigmatization of mental health and elimination of commuting costs and travel time.", "There were concerns about privacy, therapeutic alliance and availability and affordability of the technology." ]

[ "Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected trends of multiple health outcomes in Japan, there is a paucity of studies investigating the effect of the pandemic on adverse birth outcomes and fetal mortality.", "This study aimed to investigate the effect of the onset of the pandemic on the trends in adverse birth outcomes and fetal mortality using national data in Japan.", "We used the 2010-2022 birth and fetal mortality data from the Vital Statistics in Japan.", "We defined the starting time of the effect of the pandemic as April 2020, and the period from January 2010 to March 2020 and that from April 2020 to December 2022 were defined as the pre- and post- pandemic period, respectively.", "The rates of preterm birth, term low birth weight (TLBW), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), large-for-gestational-age (LGA), spontaneous fetal mortality, and artificial fetal mortality were used as outcomes.", "An interrupted time series analysis was conducted using monthly time series data of the outcomes to evaluate the effects of the pandemic.", "In addition, a modified Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on these outcomes using individual-level data, and the adjusted risk ratio of the effect was calculated.", "The adverse birth and fetal mortality outcomes showed a decreasing trend over the years, except for preterm birth and LGA birth rates, and SGA birth rates tended to reach their lowest values after the onset of the pandemic.", "The interrupted time series analysis revealed that the pandemic decreased preterm birth, TLBW, and SGA birth rates.", "In addition, the regression analysis revealed that the pandemic decreased the TLBW, SGA, and artificial fetal mortality rates.", "Analyses performed using national data suggested that the pandemic decreased the TLBW and SGA rates in Japan." ]

[ "Although the cost-reference particle filter (CRPF) has a good advantage in solving the state estimation problem with unknown noise statistical characteristics, its estimation accuracy is still affected by the lack of particle diversity and sensitivity to the particles' initial value.", "In order to solve these problems of the CRPF, this paper proposed an intelligent cost-reference particle filter algorithm based on multi-population cooperation.", "A multi-population cooperative resampling strategy based on ring structure was designed.", "The particles were divided into multiple independent populations upon initialization, and each population generated particles with a different initial distribution.", "The particles in each population were divided into three different particle sets with high, medium and low weights by the golden section ratio according to the weight.", "The particle sets with high and medium weights were retained.", "Then, a cooperative strategy based on Gaussian mutation was designed to resample the low-weight particle set of each population.", "The high-weight particles of the previous population in the ring structure were randomly selected for Gaussian mutation to replace the low-weight particles in the current population.", "The low-weight particles of all populations were resampled in turn.", "The simulation results show that the intelligent CRPF based on multi-population cooperation proposed in this paper can reduce the sensitivity of the CRPF to the particles' initial value and improve the particle diversity in resampling.", "Compared with the general CRPF and intelligent CRPF with adaptive MH resampling (MH-CRPF), the RMSE and MAE of the proposed method are lower." ]

[ "Although the demands and stress of teaching are generally recognized, little is known about the prevalence and nature of insomnia symptoms in teachers.", "This scoping study investigated the following questions: How prevalent are insomnia symptoms in teachers?", "What biopsychosocial variables are associated with insomnia symptoms in teachers?", "What, if any, interventions for insomnia symptoms in teachers have been studied?", "We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Education Source, and ERIC for original peer-reviewed research on school teachers (kindergarten through high school) and insomnia symptoms (self-reported trouble falling or staying asleep).", "We identified 33 relevant articles from 15 countries.", "The literature was heterogeneous and generally of low quality with respect to the measurement of insomnia.", "Based on studies that met validity and reliability criteria, 36-61% of teachers reported insomnia symptoms.", "Associated factors included: being female, classroom violence, low job satisfaction, pain, depression, and rumination.", "One online intervention, which included stimulus control, sleep restriction, and techniques for reducing rumination, provided evidence of efficacy.", "Despite the importance of teachers and their work, high-quality research on insomnia in teachers is lacking.", "Research in this area is sorely needed.", "Studies should investigate insomnia symptoms over the school year, identify antecedents of insomnia, and develop interventions with the ultimate goals of understanding, preventing, and treating insomnia symptoms in teachers." ]

[ "Although the effects of digital health are receiving wide scientific attention, very little is known about the characteristics of digitally engaged people experiencing homelessness, especially in Central and Eastern Europe.", "Our previous research revealed a considerable level of internet use in the homeless population of Budapest, Hungary, for general purposes (350/662, 52.9%) and medical purposes (229/664, 34.6%).", "Moreover, a digitally engaged subgroup was identified (129/662, 19.5%).", "The aim of this exploratory study was to map out the resources, attitudes, and behaviors of digitally engaged homeless individuals in relation to digital technology to set the basis for potential health policy interventions, which will enable better access to health services through strengthening of the digital components of the existing health care system.", "Between August 18, 2022, and October 27, 2022, a total of 12 in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted in 4 homeless shelters in Budapest, Hungary.", "Upon analysis by 3 independent evaluators, 2 interviews were excluded.", "The interviewees were chosen based on purposive sampling with predefined inclusion criteria.", "Thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted.", "In the thematic analysis, 4 main themes (attitude, access, usage patterns, and solutions for usage problems) emerged.", "Health-related technology use mostly appeared in health information-seeking behavior.", "Online search for prescribed medications (5 interviews), active ingredients of medications (4 interviews), medicinal herbs believed to replace certain pills (2 interviews) or foods, and natural materials (1 interview) were mentioned.", "Moreover, mobile health app use (3 interviews) was reported.", "The intention to circumvent or check on mainstream health care solutions was mainly associated with previous negative experiences in the health care system.", "Several gaps in the daily use of technology were identified by the interviewees; however, more than half of the interviewees (6/10) turned out to be contact points for their peers for digital problem-solving or basic digital literacy skill enhancement in the homeless shelters.", "Furthermore, a lack of institutional support or special programs targeting senior clients was noted.", "Digitally engaged homeless individuals might become mediators between their peers and comprehensive digital health programs.", "They have the trust of their peers, can recognize and harness the benefits of digital technology, and are able to provide meaningful help in technology- and usage-related issues through experience.", "Digital health services have great promise in community shelters for managing and preventing health issues, and digitally engaged individuals might be important for the success of such services." ]

[ "Although the frequency of noninferiority trials is increasing, the consistency of the reporting of these trials can vary.", "The aim of this systematic review was to assess the reporting quality of radiation therapy noninferiority trials.", "The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried for randomized controlled radiation therapy trials with noninferiority hypotheses published in English between January 2000 and July 2022, and this was performed by an information scientist.", "Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data.", "Of 423 records screened, 59 (14%) were included after full-text review.", "All were published after 2003 and open label.", "The most common primary cancer type was breast (n = 15, 25%).", "Altered radiation fractionation (n = 26, 45%) and radiation de-escalation (n = 11, 19%) were the most common types of interventions.", "The most common primary endpoints were locoregional control (n = 17, 29%) and progression-free survival (n = 14, 24%).", "Fifty-three (90%) reported the noninferiority margin, and only 9 (17%) provided statistical justification for the margin.", "The median absolute noninferiority margin was 9% (interquartile range, 5%-10%), and the median relative margin was 1.51 (interquartile range, 1.33-2.04).", "Sample size calculations and confidence intervals were reported in 54 studies (92%).", "Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were reported in 27 studies (46%).", "In 31 trials (53%), noninferiority of the primary endpoint was reached.", "There was variability in the reporting of key components of noninferiority trials.", "We encourage consideration of additional statistical reasoning such as guidelines or previous trials in the selection of the noninferiority margin, reporting both absolute and relative margins, and the avoidance of statistically vague or misleading language in the reporting of future noninferiority trials." ]

[ "Although the importance of clinical ethics in contemporary clinical environments is established, development of formal clinical ethics services in the Australia health system has, to date, been ad hoc.", "This study was designed to systematically follow and reflect upon the first 18 months of activity by a newly established service, to examine key barriers and facilitators to establishing a new service in an Australian hospital setting.", "HOW THE STUDY WAS PERFORMED AND STATISTICAL TESTS USED: A qualitative case study approach was utilised.", "The study gathered and analysed data using observations of service committee meetings, document analysis of agendas and minutes, and semi-structured interviews with committee members to generate semantic themes.", "By interpreting the thematic findings in reference to national capacity building resources, this study also aimed to provide practice-based reflections for other health agencies.", "THE MAIN FINDINGS: An overarching theme identified in the data was a strong commitment to supporting clinicians facing difficult patient care decisions and navigating difficult discussions with patients and families.", "Another key theme was the role of the new clinical ethics support service in providing clinicians with a pathway to raise system-wide issues with the organisation Executive.", "While there was strong clinical engagement, consumer and community participation remained a challenge, as did unresolved governance issues and a need for clearer policy relationship between the service and the organisation.", "Considering these themes in relation to the national capacity building resources, the study identifies three areas likely to require ongoing development and negotiation.", "These are: the role of the clinical ethics support service as a link between the workforce and the Executive; the incorporation of consumers and patients; and ethical reasoning.", "To improve the effectiveness of the service, it is necessary to increase clarity on the service's role at the governance and policy level, as well as develop strategies for engaging consumers, patients and families.", "Finally, the capacity of the service to reflect on complex cases may be enhanced through explicit discussions of various different ethical frameworks and ways of deliberating." ]

[ "Although the majority of Ghanaian women receive antenatal care (ANC), many exhibit low health literacy by misinterpreting and incorrectly operationalizing ANC messages, leading to poor maternal and newborn health outcomes.", "Prior research in low-resource settings has found group antenatal care (G-ANC) feasible for women and providers.", "This study aims to determine the effect of G-ANC on increasing maternal health literacy.", "We hypothesized that pregnant women randomized into G-ANC would exhibit a greater increase in maternal health literacy than women in routine, individual ANC.", "A 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 14 rural and peri-urban health facilities in the Eastern Region of Ghana.", "Facilities were paired based on patient volume and average gestational age at ANC enrollment and then randomized into intervention (G-ANC) vs. control (routine, individual ANC); 1761 pregnant women were recruited.", "Data collection occurred at baseline (T0) and post-birth (T2) using the Maternal Health Literacy scale, a 12-item composite scale to assess maternal health literacy.", "Logistic regression compared changes in health literacy from T0 to T2.", "Overall, women in both the intervention and control groups improved their health literacy scores over time (p < 0.0001).", "Women in the intervention group scored significantly higher on 3 individual items and on overall composite scores (p < 0.0001) and were more likely to attend 8 or more ANC visits.", "While health literacy scores improved for all women attending ANC, women randomized into G-ANC exhibited greater improvement in overall health literacy post-birth compared to those receiving routine individual care.", "Life-saving information provided during ANC must be presented in an understandable format to prevent women and newborns from dying of preventable causes.", "Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Michigan (HUM#00161464) and the Ghana Health Service (GHS-ERC: 016/04/19)." ]

[ "Although the quality of care during childbirth is a maternity service's goal, less is known about the impact of the birth setting dimension on provision of care, defined as evidence-based intrapartum midwifery practices.", "This study's aim was to investigate the impact of hospital birth volume (≥1000 vs. <1000 births/year) on intrapartum midwifery care and perinatal outcomes.", "We conducted a population-based cohort study on healthy pregnant women who gave birth between 2018 and 2022 in Lombardy, Italy.", "A total of 145,224 (41.14%) women were selected from nationally linked databases.", "To achieve the primary aim, log-binomial regression models were constructed.", "More than 70% of healthy pregnant women gave birth in hospitals (≥1000 births/year) where there was lower use of nonpharmacological coping strategies, higher likelihood of epidural analgesia, episiotomy, birth companion's presence at birth, skin-to-skin contact, and first breastfeeding within 1 h (p-value < 0.001).", "Midwives attended almost all the births regardless of birth volume (98.80%), while gynecologists and pediatricians were more frequently present in smaller hospitals.", "There were no significant differences in perinatal outcomes.", "Our findings highlighted the impact of the birth setting dimension on the provision of care to healthy pregnant women." ]

[ "Although the relationship between health literacy and glycemic control has been explored in patients with diabetes, little is known about the relationship between different categories of diabetes health literacy and glycemic control in rural areas.", "Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between different categories of health literacy and glycemic control among diabetic patients in rural areas of Guangxi, China.", "To explore the potential profiles of health literacy among rural diabetes patients in Guangxi and investigate their relationship with blood sugar control.", "A health literacy questionnaire was administered to 2280 rural diabetes patients in five cities in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.", "Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify potential health literacy profiles.", "Health literacy among rural diabetes patients in Guangxi could be categorized into high literacy-high functionality and low literacy-low criticality groups.", "The latent categories of health literacy were associated with blood sugar control, with diabetes patients in the high literacy-high functionality group demonstrating better blood sugar control than those in the low literacy-low criticality group (P < 0.05).", "Health literacy among rural diabetes patients in Guangxi exhibits heterogeneity.", "Healthcare professionals should pay attention to patients with low literacy and low criticality in rural areas and develop interventions to enhance their health literacy, thereby improving their blood sugar control." ]

[ "Although the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) is widely used, misidentification of individuals with low health literacy (HL) in specific HL dimensions, like numeracy, is a concern.", "We examined the degree to which individuals scored as \"adequate\" HL on the S-TOFHLA would be considered as having low HL by two additional numerical measures.", "English-speaking adults aged 45-75 years were recruited from a large, urban academic medical center and a community foodbank in the United States.", "Participants completed the S-TOFHLA, the Subjective Numeracy Scale (SNS), and the Graphical Literacy Measure (GL), an objective measure of a person's ability to interpret numeric information presented graphically.", "Established cut-points or a median split classified participants and having high and low numeracy.", "Participants (n = 187), on average were: aged 58 years; 63% female; 70% Black/African American; and 45% had a high school degree or less.", "Of those who scored \"adequate\" on the S-TOFHLA, 50% scored low on the SNS and 40% scored low on GL.", "Correlation between the S-TOFHLA and the SNS Total was moderate (r = 0.22, n = 186, p = 0.01), while correlation between the S-TOFHLA and the GL Total was large (r = 0.53, n = 187, p ≤ 0.01).", "Findings suggest that the S-TOFHLA may not capture an individuals' HL in the dimension of numeracy.", "Efforts are needed to develop more encompassing and practical strategies for identifying those with low HL for use in research and clinical practice.", "NCT02151032 (retrospectively registered: May 30, 2014)." ]

[ "Although the students are subjected to some formative exams throughout the problem based learning units, feedback is not given appropriately and timely.", "Students want to know and use the reasoning behind judgments and always complain that assessment criteria need to be explained.", "The aim of this project is to implement a two-way feedback delivery (TWFD), in which both faculty and students have an opportunity to discuss their reflections on learning and examination processes.", "An Anatomy formative assessment is introduced to 100 students followed by implementation of TWFD.", "Faculty members provided the students with a structured and timely feedback on their performance.", "Also, the students reflected on the whole learning process, including real examination experience.", "The reaction was measured using quantitative and qualitative instruments through a questionnaire, focus group discussion, and semi-structured interviews.", "Ninety students (90%) participated in the questionnaire with high satisfaction toward implementation of TWFD.", "Ninety-four percent (n=85) admitted that the time of the session was appropriate.", "Ninety percent (n=81) of the students demonstrated that the TWFD helped them to identify their strengths and weaknesses.", "Eighty-five percent (n=77) of the students admitted that TWFD promotes active reflection on the effectiveness of teaching.", "Most of the students and teachers' comments in the focus group discussions and the interviews supported these results.", "TWFD seems to be a good approach to implement an effective and timely feedback process between the faculty and the students.", "Students and the faculty recommended the implementation of this session in different courses and units." ]

[ "Although the threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was the same at different US dental schools, the response wasn't.", "There is no study that documents the variation in mitigation strategies, COVID-19 transmission, and clinical educational changes at US Dental schools during the ongoing pandemic that began in 2020 in the US.", "The current study was approved as exempt research (project number HUM00199261).", "Our survey of Associate Dean's of Clinical Operations was individually emailed in July 2021.", "There were no reminders and descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel.", "We received 46 completed surveys from the 68 sent out.", "Note that 65.2% of respondents reported requiring N95 masks for aerosol-generating procedures.", "Note that 38.9% of respondents said they required student partnering as chairside dental assistants for aerosol-generating procedures.", "Note that 37.7% of respondents began using alternate cubicles.", "A total of 6.52% of schools reported a transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus from patient to provider.", "There were no reported transmissions from provider to patient or from patient to patient.", "In our study, we found a lot of similarities between the approach taken by Dental School Clinics across the US to mitigate the risks of COVID-19, however, we also observed many differences." ]

[ "Although the use of patient-generated data (PGD) in the optimization of patient care shows great promise, little is known about whether patients who track their PGD necessarily share the data with their clinicians.", "Meanwhile, health literacy-an important construct that captures an individual's ability to manage their health and to engage with their health care providers-has often been neglected in prior studies focused on PGD tracking and sharing.", "To leverage the full potential of PGD, it is necessary to bridge the gap between patients' data tracking and data sharing practices by first understanding the interrelationships between these practices and the factors contributing to these practices.", "This study aims to systematically examine the interrelationships between PGD tracking practices, data sharing practices, and health literacy among individual patients.", "We surveyed 109 patients at the time they met with a clinician at a university health center, unlike prior research that often examined patients' retrospective experience after some time had passed since their clinic visit.", "The survey consisted of 39 questions asking patients about their PGD tracking and sharing practices based on their current clinical encounter.", "The survey also contained questions related to the participants' health literacy.", "All the participants completed the survey on a tablet device.", "The onsite survey study enabled us to collect ecologically valid data based on patients' immediate experiences situated within their clinic visit.", "We found no evidence that tracking PGD was related to self-reports of having sufficient information to manage one's health; however, the number of data types participants tracked positively related to their self-assessed ability to actively engage with health care providers.", "Participants' data tracking practices and their health literacy did not relate to their data sharing practices; however, their ability to engage with health care providers positively related to their willingness to share their data with clinicians in the future.", "Participants reported several benefits of, and barriers to, sharing their PGD with clinicians.", "Although tracking PGD could help patients better engage with health care providers, it may not provide patients with sufficient information to manage their health.", "The gaps between tracking and sharing PGD with health care providers call for efforts to inform patients of how their data relate to their health and to facilitate efficient clinician-patient communication.", "To realize the full potential of PGD and to promote individuals' health literacy, empowering patients to effectively track and share their PGD is important-both technologies and health care providers can play important roles." ]

[ "Although there are an increasing number of studies on assessing teacher emotions in mainstream education, there is a lack of appropriate measurement tools to evaluate the emotions of teaching assistants (TAs) who need to take care of students with a range of special educational needs (SEN).", "This study tested the generalizability of the 24-item teacher emotion inventory (TEI), among 204 TAs from 122 secondary schools with inclusive education in Hong Kong.", "We conducted both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch analysis to test the within-network validity of the TEI.", "For the between-network validity, we examined the relationships between TAs' emotions and their attitude toward inclusive education.", "The Rasch analysis supported the scale's dimensionality and item fit statistics.", "The CFA supported the five-factor solution of the TEI.", "The results also showed statistically significant correlations between positive emotions (joy and love) and TAs' attitudes toward inclusive education.", "TAs' negative emotions (anxiety, anger, and stress) appeared to be negatively correlated with their attitude toward inclusive education.", "The results supported that TEI is a useful tool to assess the emotions of TAs that play a pivotal role in assisting both school teachers and SEN students, who are more likely to face increased emotional challenges than those not needing to educate SEN students.", "Implications of this study to enrich the current scope of research on understanding teacher emotions across educational levels and settings are discussed." ]

[ "Although there are many studies on the impact of Ramadan fasting on health in the medical literature, the effects have not been explored in Muslim patients undergoing extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP).", "This report aimed to describe the potential effects of Ramadan fasting on ECP treatment outcomes.", "Patients undergoing ECP were prospectively evaluated before and during the month of Ramadan 1443 AH (2022 AD) at the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center (ADSCC), United Arab Emirates.", "The following ECP outcomes were assessed: treatment completion, adverse events reported, body mass index (BMI), and laboratory test results, including complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and other systemic immune-inflammatory biomarkers (SIIBs).", "No statistically significant differences were found in most of the variables analyzed in the three patients who underwent ECP before and during the holy month.", "Two non-fasting patients were not able to complete the Ramadan ECP schedule, and one fasting patient experienced a vascular access event during his first procedure in Ramadan.", "These findings suggest that fasting during Ramadan could add further risk factors and develop serious complications related to the ECP treatment.", "Therefore, we suggest that fasting should be avoided during photopheresis treatment, and we provided recommendations to achieve the best possible clinical outcomes." ]

[ "Although there are now two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for severe alopecia areata (AA), many patients still resort to non-medical therapies and lifestyle modifications such as diet and nutrition.", "The goal of this study was to evaluate the sources and types of dietary and nutritional advice for patients with AA.", "We distributed a cross-sectional national survey using the National Alopecia Areata Foundation's email list-serv between August 2022 and January 2023.", "Most respondents were White (76.3%), employed (58.3%) females (84.4%) with a mean age of 52 years.", "163 (19.1%) respondents reported receiving diet and/or nutritional advice and 418 (49.5%) respondents reported searching for diet and/or nutritional advice to help with their AA; the most common source of advice was online.", "The most common dietary changes were the use of vitamins or supplements (30.6%), adherence to diets (23.2%), and the addition of specific foods (21.4%).", "209 (50.2%) respondents reported no change in their disease and 197 (47.4%) respondents reported no change in how they felt about their disease compared to before they tried the change.", "Many AA patients search for or receive unsolicited dietary and nutritional advice and subsequently modify their behavior to manage their disease.", "However, the efficacy of these changes is unclear.", "Providers should be mindful of the sources through which patients obtain treatment information as well as the lifestyle changes patients make to counsel patients with evidence-based information.", "Further investigation is needed to better characterize the direct and indirect costs of dietary and nutritional modification in the treatment of AA." ]

[ "Although there have been consistent improvements in maternal mortality, it remains high in developing countries due to unequal access to healthcare services during pregnancy and childbirth.", "Thus, this study aimed to further analyze the variations in the number of antenatal care utilizations and associated factors among pregnant women in urban and rural Ethiopia.", "A total of 3962 pregnant women were included in the analysis of 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data.", "A negative binomial Poisson regression statistical model was used to analyze the data using STATA version 14.0.", "An incident rate ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to show the significantly associated variables.", "Of the 3962 (weighted 3916.67) pregnant women, about 155 (15.21%) lived in urban and 848 (29.29%) rural residences and did not use antenatal care services in 2019.", "Women age group 20-24 (IRR = 1.30, 95%CI:1.05-1.61), 25-29 (IRR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.27-1.92), 30-34 (IRR = 1.65, 95%CI:1.33-2.05), and 35-39 years old (IRR = 1.55, 95%CI:1.18-2.03), attending primary, secondary, and higher education (IRR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.07-1.30), (IRR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.13-1.42) and (IRR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.11-1.41) respectively, reside in middle household wealth (IRR = 1.31, 95%CI:1.13-1.52), richer (IRR = 1.45, 95%CI:1.26-1.66) and richest (IRR = 1.68, 95%CI:1.46-1.93) increases the number of antenatal care utilization among urban residences.", "While attending primary (IRR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.24-1.45), secondary (IRR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.34-1.76) and higher education (IRR = 1.58, 95%CI:1.28-1.95), following Protestant (IRR = 0.76, 95%CI:0.69-0.83), Muslim (IRR = 0.79, 95%CI:0.73-0.85) and Others (IRR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.43-0.71) religions, reside in poorer, middle, richer, and richest household wealth (IRR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.37-1.67), (IRR = 1.66, 95%CI:1.50-1.83), (IRR = 1.71, 95%CI:1.55-1.91) and (IRR = 1.89, 95%CI:1.72-2.09) respectively, being married and widowed/separated (IRR = 1.85, 95%CI:1.19-2.86), and (IRR = 1.95, 95%CI:1.24-3.07) respectively were significantly associated with the number of antenatal care utilization among rural residences.", "The utilization of antenatal care is low among rural residents than among urban residents.", "To increase the frequency of antenatal care utilization, health extension workers and supporting actors should give special attention to pregnant women with low socioeconomic and educational levels through a safety-net lens." ]

[ "Although there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that persons who have been sex trafficked can suffer devastating health consequences and often face challenges accessing suitable care that addresses their health and overall well-being, little existing research has adopted a survivor-informed approach.", "Centering the voices of sex-trafficked women in this research will provide valuable insights into their health-related experiences and can help lay the foundation for survivor-centric healthcare responses.", "Using a semi-structured interview guide, we will interview women who have been domestically sex trafficked in Ontario; recruitment will continue until data saturation is reached.", "Interview questions and prompts will elicit information about women's experiences prior to, during, and after their trafficking ordeal, with particular attention paid to their encounters with healthcare providers.", "Intersectionality theory will inform strategies for recruitment, data collection, and data analysis.", "Data will be analyzed deductively as well as inductively using Braun and Clarke's six phases of reflexive thematic analysis.", "The study's design was informed by the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ), which ensures a comprehensive and robust reporting of interview data.", "We will continue to adhere to the COREQ checklist throughout the data collection, analysis, and findings write-up phases, helping to ensure methodological accuracy and transparency.", "To our knowledge, this will be the first Canada-specific investigation to apply intersectionality theory to explore the experiences of well-being, health, and healthcare from the perspectives of women who have been domestically sex trafficked.", "The results of this study hold the potential to improve responses to trafficking within the healthcare sector.", "Specifically, the findings could be used to inform the development of education materials and curricula for medical students and continuing professional education for health and allied healthcare providers.", "They could also inform the creation of patient experience surveys and intake forms for sex trafficked patients." ]

[ "Although there is growing attention to research translation, dissemination practices remain underdeveloped.", "This study aimed to gain insights into the dissemination approaches, barriers for dissemination, and needs for dissemination support of public health researchers of the Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute.", "A concurrent mixed-methods design was used, collecting quantitative and qualitative data through a survey and qualitative data from interviews.", "Researchers of the Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases (HBCD) research line of APH were approached via email with a link to an online survey.", "For the interviews, we aimed to balance researchers in terms of career phase and position.", "Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.", "HBCD researchers primarily rely on traditional approaches for dissemination, e.g.", "academic journals (93%), conferences (93%), and reports to funders (71%).", "Social media (67%) was also frequently mentioned.", "Dissemination is often prioritized late due to time constraints and competing priorities.", "Researchers mentioned a lack of time, money, knowledge, and skills but also limited awareness of available support as barriers.", "A need for more resources, education, and a shift in mindset was expressed, suggesting a comprehensive inspiring platform and stronger in-house connections as solutions.", "HBCD researchers emphasized the importance of dedicated time and budget for dissemination, as well as other forms of institutional support.", "Overall, there is a need for a shift in mindset, more educational initiatives, greater integration of dissemination into researchers' roles, the establishment of a comprehensive inspiring platform, and stronger in-house connections to support dissemination efforts." ]

[ "Although there is increasing interest in reporting results of environmental research efforts back to participants, evidence-based tools have not yet been applied to developed materials to ensure their accessibility in terms of literacy, numeracy, and data visualization demand.", "Additionally, there is not yet guidance as to how to formally assess the created materials to assure a match with the intended audience.", "Relying on formative qualitative research with participants of an indoor air quality study in Dorchester, Massachusetts, we identified means of enhancing accessibility of indoor air quality data report-back materials for participants.", "Participants (n = 20) engaged in semi-structured interviews in which they described challenges they encountered with scientific and medical materials and outlined written and verbal communication techniques that would help facilitate engagement with and accessibility of environmental health report-back materials.", "We coupled these insights from participants with best practice guidelines for written materials by operationalizing health literacy tools to produce accessible audience-informed data report-back materials.", "The resulting data report-back materials had a 7th -grade reading level, and between a 4th -8th grade level of overall document complexity.", "The numeracy skills required to engage with the material were of the lowest demand, and we incorporated best practices for risk communication and facilitating understanding and actionability of the materials.", "Use of a rigorous assessment tool provides evidence of accessibility and appropriateness of the material for the audience.", "We outline a process for developing and evaluating environmental health data reports that are tailored to inspire risk-reduction actions, and are demonstrably accessible in terms of their literacy, numeracy, and data visualization demand.", "Adapting health literacy tools to create and evaluate environmental data report-back materials is a novel and evidence-based means of ensuring their accessibility." ]

[ "Although there may still be many challenges to its adoption, telemedicine is becoming more and more popular for helping elderly people preserve their independence and continue to live in their own homes.", "We intended to investigate the challenges and barriers (if any) experienced by the elderly population when using telemedicine services in Israel.", "Fourteen elderly people were recruited for the study and interviewed in person using a semistructured interview protocol, using a qualitative technique.", "Participants' replies were evaluated and analyzed thematically.", "The participants were questioned regarding their usage of telehealth services, the benefits they perceive in them, any potential difficulties or hurdles to use, and suggestions they had for making these services more readily available and simpler to use for the elderly.", "Most participants recognized the advantages of telehealth services, particularly for the elderly population during pandemics and normal times.", "However, most of them also expressed various challenges that face the elderly population in using these services.", "Many participants were concerned that the quality of telemedicine sessions may not be good enough compared to in-person sessions, and expressed a lack of confidence in telemedicine services, and frustration from the absence of in-person interaction and communication.", "Many participants highlighted the technological challenges in the use of computers and applications in general and in the context of healthcare, in particular, in addition to physiological and literacy difficulties.", "Finally, the participants suggested several ways to increase the accessibility and usage of telemedicine solutions by elderly people.", "A proactive approach to identifying and resolving telehealth barriers can maximize virtual interactions for the older population and alleviate care inequities.", "In addition to identifying barriers that impede older patients from using telemedicine, there is a need to increase awareness of the availability, benefits, and uses of each telehealth service in comparison to in-person consultations." ]

[ "Although trauma is one of the leading causes of behaviour problems among children with disabilities, there has been limited scholarly interest in trauma management within the discourse of implementation of inclusive education.", "The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) trauma management model was used to study teachers' awareness of trauma management among students with disabilities studying in regular classrooms.", "A total of 271 teachers were recruited from two municipalities in the central region of Ghana to complete the Teacher Trauma Management Scale developed for this study.", "The data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, mean scores, multivariate analysis of variances, and linear regression.", "The results showed teachers' uncertainty towards trauma management, and a positive correlation was also found between the tenets of the study framework.", "The study concluded with a recommendation for contextual development of the curriculum to guide teacher training in trauma management.", "Studies on trauma management within the discourse of implementation of inclusive education are scarce.", "This study extends the literature on inclusive education to teacher development to support trauma management among students with disabilities in regular schools." ]

[ "Although tummy time is recommended as a form of physical activity for non-movable infants worldwide, little is known regarding the current status of tummy time practices among Chinese infants.", "Early childhood education (ECE) institutions provide children with rich learning experiences; however, tummy time practices among infants in these ECE institutions were unclear.", "This study aimed to investigate the status of tummy time among infants within the context of ECE institutions.", "We conducted a cross-sectional survey with primary caregivers of infants aged 0-11 months across 31 provinces of China from 1 March to 30 April 2023.", "To recruit participants, we collaborated with Gymboree Play & Music, an ECE institution with over 500 centres in nearly 200 cities in urban China.", "Our survey instrument was developed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and literature to collect data on infants' tummy time practices, caregivers' tummy time knowledge and information sources.", "We used self-administered questionnaires through WeChat, in which participants scanned a quick response (QR) code to complete the questionnaire.", "We included 1040 infants and their primary caregivers, with 504 infants aged 0-5 and 536 infants aged 6-11 months old.", "Less than half of infants (48.2%) started tummy time in the neonatal period, with 20.5% starting within two weeks after birth.", "Only 27.2% of infants engaged in at least 30 minutes of tummy time during the last 24 hours, with infants aged 0-5 months significantly lower than those aged 6-11 months (21.6 vs 32.5%, P < 0.0001).", "No significant difference was found between attending ECE class and non-attending ECE class groups for the proportion of infants with tummy time ≥30 minutes per day (28.9 vs 23.4%, P = 0.0625); however, infants aged 0-5 months in the attending group engaged in longer duration of tummy time than those in the non-attending group (P = 0.0005).", "The compliance with the tummy time guidelines in infants receiving long-nurturing care was significantly higher than those receiving short-nurturing care (30.4 vs 22.1%, P = 0.0036).", "Only 42.7% of caregivers knew that at least 30 minutes daily tummy time was necessary for infant, and more primary caregivers in the attending group knew that, compared to the non-attending group (45.3 vs 36.8%, P = 0.0098).", "The current status of infants' tummy time practices and caregivers' knowledge are generally suboptimal within the context of ECE institutions in urban China.", "Longer nurturing time contributes to higher compliance with tummy time guidelines.", "Effectively promoting tummy time practices through multiple channels in China is crucial." ]

[ "Although vegan and vegetarian diets and lifestyles differ significantly from each other, among other things, notably in their respective consequences regarding animal welfare and their ecological impact, vegans and vegetarians are often grouped together and usually compared to omnivores in psychological research.", "Considering that vegans and vegetarians often share similar motives for their lifestyle choices, namely animal and environmental issues, the question arises why similar motives lead to different conclusions and correspondingly different behaviors, most notably, of course, that vegetarians consume animal-derived foods such as cheese or milk while vegans do not consume animal-derived products (e.g., food, cosmetic products).", "This is why this study explored the psychological differences between vegans, vegetarians, and prospective vegans - the latter group being located in an intermediate, transitionary position.", "Focusing on the motivational, affective and cognitive components of dietary transition and participants' adherence to eating patterns, reasons for said patterns, possible hinderances to becoming vegan, the role of participants' social environments, and the impact of various misconceptions regarding the feasibility of a vegan diet in everyday life were all explored.", "An observational study was conducted via online questionnaire (1420 participants).", "Significant differences were found between vegans, prospective vegans, and vegetarians, especially concerning their knowledge of issues pertaining to their respective lifestyles.", "The critical role of knowledge is invoked as an explanation as to why vegans and vegetarians display different behaviors although they share a similar motivation.", "Thus, in this study the concept of vegan literacy is introduced.", "Additionally, the distinctive role of cheese is explored, discussing possible indications of its potentially addictive nature and, consequently, the importance of cheese as a hindering factor for pursuing a vegan diet." ]

[ "Although women comprise the majority of medical students, gender disparities emerge early and remain at the highest levels of academia.", "Most leadership courses focus on faculty or students rather than women graduate medical education (GME) trainees.", "To promote the leadership development of women GME trainees through empowerment, community building, networking and mentorship, and concrete leadership skills development.", "University of California, San Francisco.", "359 women residents and fellows from 41 specialties.", "A longitudinal curriculum of monthly workshops designed to support leadership development for women trainees.", "Sessions and learning objectives were designed via needs assessments and literature review.", "A mixed-methods evaluation was performed for 3 years of WILD programming.", "Quantitative surveys assessed participant satisfaction and fulfillment of learning objectives.", "Structured interview questions were asked in focus groups and analyzed qualitatively.", "23% of invited participants attended at least one session from 2018 to 2021, despite challenging trainee schedules.", "Surveys demonstrated acceptability and satisfaction of all sessions, and learning objectives were met at 100% of matched sessions.", "Focus groups highlighted positive impact in domains of community-building, leadership skills, mentorship, and empowerment.", "This program has demonstrated WILD's longitudinal sustainability and impact for women trainees." ]

[ "Although, strengthening patient safety competencies in nursing has been emphasized for enhancing quality care and patient safety.", "However, little is known about the association of nurses' perceptions of patient safety competency with adverse nurse outcomes in Iranian hospitals.", "This study aimed to measure nurses' levels of patient safety competency in the hospitals of Iran and examines the relationship between patient safety competency with the occurrence and reporting of adverse events (AEs).", "This cross-sectional research was applied in eight teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, between August and December 2021.", "A sample of 511 nurses was randomly selected using the table of random numbers.", "The validated Patient Safety Competency Self-Evaluation questionnaire was used.", "Furthermore, two questions were used to measure the incidence and reporting of AEs.", "Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and two binary logistic regression models through SPSS version 24.0.", "The mean patient safety competency score was 3.34 (SD = 0.74) out of 5.0; 41.5% of nurses rated their patient safety competency as less than 3.", "Among subscales, \"skills of patient safety\" scores were the highest, and \"knowledge of patient safety\" scores were the lowest.", "Nurses with higher Knowledge and Attitude scores were less likely to experience the occurrence of AEs (OR = 1.50 and OR = 0.58, respectively).", "Regarding AEs reporting, nurses with higher Skill and Attitude scores were 2.84 and 1.67 times, respectively, more likely to report AEs (OR = 2.84 and OR = 3.44, respectively).", "Our results provide evidence that enhancing PSC leads to reduced incidence of AEs and increased nurses' performance in reporting.", "Therefore, it is recommended that managers of hospitals should enhance the patient safety competency of nurses in incidents and reporting of patient safety adverse outcomes through quality expansion and training.", "Additionally, researchers should carry out further research to confirm the findings of the current study and identify interventions that would strengthen patient safety competencies and reduce the occurrence of AEs, and rise their reporting among nurses." ]

[ "Alzheimer disease is a degenerative neurological condition that requires long-term care.", "The cost of these responsibilities is often borne by informal caregivers, who experience an elevated risk of negative physical and psychological outcomes.", "Previously, we designed a positive emotion regulation intervention that was shown to improve well-being among dementia caregivers when delivered through one-on-one videoconferencing lessons with a trained facilitator.", "However, the format required significant resources in terms of logistics and facilitator time.", "To broaden the reach of the intervention, we aimed to develop the Social Augmentation of Self-Guided Electronic Delivery of the Life Enhancing Activities for Family Caregivers (SAGE LEAF) program, an iteration of the intervention in a self-guided, web-based format with enhanced opportunities for social connection.", "The aim of this study was to gather feedback to inform the design of social features for the SAGE LEAF intervention.", "In the absence of a facilitator, our goal with the self-guided SAGE LEAF intervention was to integrate various social features (eg, discussion board, automated support, and profiles) to maximize engagement among participants.", "Qualitative data were collected from 26 individuals through (1) interviews with participants who completed a previous version of the intervention via videoconferencing with a facilitator, (2) focus groups with dementia caregivers who had not previously experienced the intervention, and (3) focus groups with Alzheimer disease clinical care providers.", "We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis to identify which social features would be the most helpful and how they could be implemented in a way that would be best received by caregivers.", "Interview and focus group feedback indicated that participants generally liked the potential features suggested, including the discussion boards, multimedia content, and informational support.", "They had valuable suggestions for optimal implementation.", "For example, participants liked the idea of a buddy system where they would be matched up with another caregiver for the duration of the study.", "However, they expressed concern about differing expectations among caregivers and the possibility of matched caregivers not getting along.", "Participants also expressed interest in giving caregivers access to a podcast on the skills, which would allow them to review additional content when they wished.", "Taken together, the discussions with caregivers and providers offered unique insights into the types of social features that may be integrated into the SAGE LEAF intervention, as well as implementation suggestions to improve the acceptability of the features among caregivers.", "These insights will allow us to design social features for the intervention that are optimally engaging and helpful for caregivers." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including verbal memory loss.", "Studies were lacking in examining the longitudinal effect of polygenic hazard score on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Delayed Total (AVDELTOT) score (a common measure of verbal memory).", "A key step in analyzing longitudinal changes in cognitive measures using a linear mixed model (LMM) is choosing a suitable covariance structure.", "The study aims to determine the association between the polygenic hazard score and the AVDELTOT score accounting for repeated measures (the covariance structure).", "The AVDELTOT scores were collected at baseline, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months, and 48 months from 283 participants with AD, 347 with cognitive normal, and 846 with mild cognitive impairment in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.", "The Bayesian information criterion statistic was used to select the best covariance structure from 10 covariance structures in longitudinal analysis of AVDELTOT scores.", "The multivariable LMM was used to investigate the effect of polygenic hazard score status (low vs. medium vs. high) on changes in AVDELTOT scores while adjusted for age, gender, education, APOE-ε4 genotype, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score.", "One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in AVDELTOT scores, Mini-Mental State Examination scores, and polygenic hazard scores among AD diagnoses at baseline.", "Bayesian information criterion favored the compound symmetry covariance structure in the LMM analysis.", "Using the multivariate LMM, the APOE-ε4 allele and high polygenic hazard score value was significantly associated with AVDELTOT declines.", "Significant polygenic hazard score status by follow-up visit interactions was discovered.", "Our findings provide the first evidence of the effect of polygenic hazard score status and APOE-ε4 allele on declines in verbal memory in people with AD." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with a complex origin, thought to involve a combination of genetic, biological and environmental factors.", "Insulin dysfunction has emerged as a potential factor contributing to AD pathogenesis, particularly in individuals with diabetes, and among those with insulin deficiency or undergoing insulin therapy.", "The intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used in rodent models to explore the impact of insulin deficiency on AD pathology, although prior research predominantly focused on young animals, with no comparative analysis across different age groups.", "Our study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the impact of insulin dysfunction in 7 and 23 months 3xTg-AD mice, that exhibit both amyloid and tau pathologies.", "Our objective was to elucidate the age-specific consequences of insulin deficiency on AD pathology.", "STZ administration led to insulin deficiency in the younger mice, resulting in an increase in cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau aggregation, while tau phosphorylation was not significantly affected.", "Conversely, older mice displayed an unexpected resilience to the peripheral metabolic impact of STZ, while exhibiting an increase in both tau phosphorylation and aggregation without significantly affecting amyloid pathology.", "These changes were paralleled with alterations in signaling pathways involving tau kinases and phosphatases.", "Several markers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity declined with age in 3xTg-AD mice, which might have facilitated a direct neurotoxic effect of STZ in older mice.", "Overall, our research confirms the influence of insulin signaling dysfunction on AD pathology, but also advises careful interpretation of data related to STZ-induced effects in older animals." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition, and early intervention can help slow its progression.", "However, integrating multi-dimensional information and deep convolutional networks increases the model parameters, affecting diagnosis accuracy and efficiency and hindering clinical diagnostic model deployment.", "Multi-modal neuroimaging can offer more precise diagnostic results, while multi-task modeling of classification and regression tasks can enhance the performance and stability of AD diagnosis.", "This study proposes a Hierarchical Attention-based Multi-task Multi-modal Fusion model (HAMMF) that leverages multi-modal neuroimaging data to concurrently learn AD classification tasks, cognitive score regression, and age regression tasks using attention-based techniques.", "Firstly, we preprocess MRI and PET image data to obtain two modal data, each containing distinct information.", "Next, we incorporate a novel Contextual Hierarchical Attention Module (CHAM) to aggregate multi-modal features.", "This module employs channel and spatial attention to extract fine-grained pathological features from unimodal image data across various dimensions.", "Using these attention mechanisms, the Transformer can effectively capture correlated features of multi-modal inputs.", "Lastly, we adopt multi-task learning in our model to investigate the influence of different variables on diagnosis, with a primary classification task and a secondary regression task for optimal multi-task prediction performance.", "Our experiments utilized MRI and PET images from 720 subjects in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset.", "The results show that our proposed model achieves an overall accuracy of 93.15% for AD/NC recognition, and the visualization results demonstrate its strong pathological feature recognition performance." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is broadly characterized by neurodegeneration, pathology accumulation, and cognitive decline.", "There is considerable variation in the progression of clinical symptoms and pathology in humans, highlighting the importance of genetic diversity in the study of AD.", "To address this, we analyze cell composition and amyloid-beta deposition of 6- and 14-month-old AD-BXD mouse brains.", "We utilize the analytical QUINT workflow- a suite of software designed to support atlas-based quantification, which we expand to deliver a highly effective method for registering and quantifying cell and pathology changes in diverse disease models.", "In applying the expanded QUINT workflow, we quantify near-global age-related increases in microglia, astrocytes, and amyloid-beta, and we identify strain-specific regional variation in neuron load.", "To understand how individual differences in cell composition affect the interpretation of bulk gene expression in AD, we combine hippocampal immunohistochemistry analyses with bulk RNA-sequencing data.", "This approach allows us to categorize genes whose expression changes in response to AD in a cell and/or pathology load-dependent manner.", "Ultimately, our study demonstrates the use of the QUINT workflow to standardize the quantification of immunohistochemistry data in diverse mice, - providing valuable insights into regional variation in cellular load and amyloid deposition in the AD-BXD model." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, resulting in impairments in memory, cognition, decision-making, and social skills.", "Thus, accurate preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is paramount.", "The identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease through magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) represents a novel adjunctive diagnostic approach.", "This study conducted a meta-analysis of the diagnostic results of this technology to explore its feasibility and accuracy.", "PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched without restrictions, with the search period extending up to July 31, 2022.", "The search strategy employed a combination of subject headings and keywords.", "All retrieved documents underwent screening by two researchers, who selected them for meta-analysis.", "The included literature was analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software, with corresponding bias maps, forest plots, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves generated and analyzed.", "A total of 344 articles were retrieved initially, with 11 articles meeting the criteria for inclusion in the analysis.", "The analysis encompassed data from approximately 1766 patients.", "In the forest plot, both sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) approached 1.", "Examining the true positive rate, false positive rate, true negative rate, and false negative rate, all studies on the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve clustered in the upper left quadrant, suggesting a very high accuracy of biomarkers detected by MRS for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.", "The detection of biomarkers by MRS demonstrates feasibility and high accuracy in diagnosing AD.", "This technology holds promise for widespread adoption in the clinical diagnosis of AD in the future." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia, leading to a decline in memory, reasoning, and social skills.", "While numerous studies have investigated the genetic risk factors associated with AD, less attention has been given to identifying a brain imaging-based measure of AD risk.", "This study introduces a novel approach to assess mild cognitive impairment MCI, as a stage before AD, risk using neuroimaging data, referred to as a brain-wide risk score (BRS), which incorporates multimodal brain imaging.", "To begin, we first categorized participants from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)-3 cohort into two groups: controls (CN) and individuals with MCI.", "Next, we computed structure and functional imaging features from all the OASIS data as well as all the UK Biobank data.", "For resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we computed functional network connectivity (FNC) matrices using fully automated spatially constrained independent component analysis.", "For structural MRI data we computed gray matter (GM) segmentation maps.", "We then evaluated the similarity between each participant's neuroimaging features from the UK Biobank and the difference in the average of those features between CN individuals and those with MCI, which we refer to as the brain-wide risk score (BRS).", "Both GM and FNC features were utilized in determining the BRS.", "We first evaluated the differences in the distribution of the BRS for CN vs MCI within the OASIS-3 (using OASIS-3 as the reference group).", "Next, we evaluated the BRS in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (using OASIS-3 as the reference group), showing that the BRS can differentiate MCI from CN in an independent data set.", "Subsequently, using the sMRI BRS, we identified 10 distinct subgroups and similarly, we identified another set of 10 subgroups using the FNC BRS.", "For sMRI and FNC we observed results that mutually validate each other, with certain aspects being complementary.", "For the unimodal analysis, sMRI provides greater differentiation between MCI and CN individuals than the fMRI data, consistent with prior work.", "Additionally, by utilizing a multimodal BRS approach, which combines both GM and FNC assessments, we identified two groups of subjects using the multimodal BRS scores.", "One group exhibits high MCI risk with both negative GM and FNC BRS, while the other shows low MCI risk with both positive GM and FNC BRS.", "Moreover, in the UKBB we have 46 participants diagnosed with AD showed FNC and GM patterns similar to those in high-risk groups, defined in both unimodal and multimodal BRS.", "Finally, to ensure the reproducibility of our findings, we conducted a validation analysis using the ADNI as an additional reference dataset and repeated the above analysis.", "The results were consistently replicated across different reference groups, highlighting the potential of FNC and sMRI-based BRS in early Alzheimer's detection." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress silently, making early diagnosis challenging, especially in less educated populations.", "The visual paired comparison (VPC) task, utilizing eye-tracking movement (ETM) technology, offers a promising alternative for early detection of memory decline.", "This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of the VPC task, utilizing ETM as a tool for assessing age-related cognitive changes.", "A comprehensive search across five databases and grey literature focused on healthy and impaired memory participants assessed through the ETM-based VPC task.", "The primary outcomes were novelty preference scores and eye movement metrics.", "The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2).", "Random-effects meta-analyses calculated Hedges' g effect size.", "Sensitivity and specificity of the VPC were meta-analytically pooled.", "The systematic review included 12 articles, involving 1,022 participants (aged 18 to 90 years, with education ranging from 6.5 to 20.0 years), with a low risk of bias and minimal applicability concerns across all items.", "Five studies contributed to the meta-analysis, revealing a significant effect favoring the VPC task for recognition memory detection (k = 9, g = -1.03).", "Pooled sensitivity and specificity analyses demonstrated VPC effectiveness as a recognition memory assessment tool (0.84 and 0.75, respectively).", "The VPC task, utilizing ETM, may serve as a biomarker for early memory decline detection.", "Its use as a digital eye-tracking tool presents a possible alternative to traditional tests, warranting further research for application in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is a major cause of death in the United States.", "While effective interventions have been developed to deliver palliative care to nursing home residents with ADRD, little work has identified effective interventions to reach assisted living (AL) residents with dementia.", "One hundred and eighteen AL residents with dementia from 10 different ALs in Florida participated.", "A pilot study using a cluster randomized trial was conducted, with 6 sites randomized to receive a palliative care educational intervention for staff (N = 23) to deliver care to residents; 4 sites were usual care.", "The feasibility of the intervention was assessed by examining recruitment, retention, and treatment fidelity at 6 months.", "Cohen's d statistic was used to calculate facility-level treatment effect sizes on key outcomes (documentation of advance care planning [ACP] discussions, hospice admission, and documentation of pain screening).", "The intervention proved feasible with high ratings of treatment fidelity.", "The intervention also demonstrated preliminary evidence for efficacy of the intervention, with effect sizes for the treatment group over 0.80 for increases in documentation of ACP discussions compared to the control group.", "Hospice admissions had a smaller effect size (0.16) and documentation of pain screenings had no effect.", "The pilot results suggest that the intervention shows promise as a resource for educating and empowering AL staff on implementing person-centered palliative care delivery to persons with dementia in AL.", "A larger, fully powered randomized trial is needed to test for its efficacy." ]

[ "Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) affect over 55 million globally.", "Current clinical trials suffer from low recruitment rates, a challenge potentially addressable via natural language processing (NLP) technologies for researchers to effectively identify eligible clinical trial participants.", "This study investigates the sociotechnical feasibility of NLP-driven tools for ADRD research prescreening and analyzes the tools' cognitive complexity's effect on usability to identify cognitive support strategies.", "A randomized experiment was conducted with 60 clinical research staff using three prescreening tools (Criteria2Query, Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside [i2b2], and Leaf).", "Cognitive task analysis was employed to analyze the usability of each tool using the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale.", "Data analysis involved calculating descriptive statistics, interrater agreement via intraclass correlation coefficient, cognitive complexity, and Generalized Estimating Equations models.", "Leaf scored highest for usability followed by Criteria2Query and i2b2.", "Cognitive complexity was found to be affected by age, computer literacy, and number of criteria, but was not significantly associated with usability.", "Adopting NLP for ADRD prescreening demands careful task delegation, comprehensive training, precise translation of eligibility criteria, and increased research accessibility.", "The study highlights the relevance of these factors in enhancing NLP-driven tools' usability and efficacy in clinical research prescreening.", "User-modifiable NLP-driven prescreening tools were favorably received, with system type, evaluation sequence, and user's computer literacy influencing usability more than cognitive complexity.", "The study emphasizes NLP's potential in improving recruitment for clinical trials, endorsing a mixed-methods approach for future system evaluation and enhancements." ]

[ "Ambient levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from nearby industrial plants have shown positive associations with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) rates.", "The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of CRC in the context of socioeconomic status and its correlation with community environmental data.", "A retrospective study analyzed CRC patients from 2021 to 2023.", "The census tracts of the patients' residential addresses were obtained, and CRC rates were calculated for each census tract.", "Socioeconomic data was gathered on these communities.", "Environmental VOC measurements were obtained from the National Scale Air Toxics Assessment.", "All datapoints were compared to statewide levels.", "Three census tracts in the county had higher CRC cases comparatively.", "These areas exhibited higher incidence rates and localized clusters of CRC cases, higher distribution of Black or African Americans, lower household incomes, lower home values, and lower educational attainment.", "VOC measurements in these census tracts had higher levels compared to county and state averages: specifically, 10.68% higher than county and 48.07% higher than state benzene levels (0.52 µg/m3 clusters vs 0.47µg/m3 county vs 0.35 µg/m3 state), 10.84% and 129.15% higher toluene (1.65 µg/m3 vs 1.49 vs 0.72 µg/m3), and 15.64% and 141.87% higher butadiene (0.048 µg/m3 vs 0.041 µg/m3 vs 0.020 µg/m3).", "This study illustrates a positive correlation between higher ambient exposure to VOCs with increased CRC incidence.", "These findings underscore the potential interplay of environmental factors, socioeconomic determinants, and environmental injustice when considering strategies to address health disparities and CRC incidence." ]

[ "Amblyopia is a common neurodevelopmental condition and leading cause of childhood visual impairment.", "Given the known association between neurodevelopmental impairment and cardiometabolic dysfunction in later life, we investigated whether children with amblyopia have increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders in adult life.", "This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of 126,399 United Kingdom Biobank cohort participants who underwent ocular examination.", "A subset of 67,321 of these received retinal imaging.", "Data analysis was conducted between November 1st 2021 and October 15th 2022.", "Our primary objective was to investigate the association between amblyopia and a number of components of metabolic syndrome and individual cardiometabolic diseases.", "Childhood amblyopia, dichotomised as resolved or persisting by adulthood, cardiometabolic disease and mortality were defined using ophthalmic assessment, self-reported, hospital admissions and death records.", "Morphological features of the optic nerve and retinal vasculature and sublayers were extracted from retinal photography and optical coherence tomography.", "Associations between amblyopia and cardiometabolic disorders as well as retinal markers were investigated in multivariable-adjusted regression models.", "Individuals with persisting amblyopia (n = 2647) were more likely to be obese (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.16 (1.05; 1.28)), hypertensive (1.25 (1.13; 1.38)) and diabetic (1.29 (1.04; 1.59)) than individuals without amblyopia (controls, (n = 18,481)).", "Amblyopia was also associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.38 (1.11; 1.72)) and death (1.36 (1.15; 1.60)).", "On retinal imaging, amblyopic eyes had significantly increased venular caliber (0.29 units (0.21; 0.36)), increased tortuosity (0.11 units (0.03; 0.19)), but lower fractal dimension (-0.23 units (-0.30; -0.16)) and thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL, -2.85 microns (-3.47; -2.22)).", "Unaffected fellow eyes of individuals with amblyopia also had significantly lower retinal fractal dimension (-0.08 units (-0.15; -0.01)) and thinner mGC-IPL (-1.14 microns (-1.74; -0.54)).", "Amblyopic eyes with a persisting visual deficit had smaller optic nerve disc height (-0.17 units (-0.25; -0.08)) and width (-0.13 units (-0.21; -0.04)) compared to control eyes.", "Although further research is needed to understand the basis of the observed associations, healthcare professionals should be cognisant of greater cardiometabolic dysfunction in adults who had childhood amblyopia.", "Differences in retinal features in both the amblyopic eye and the unaffected non-amblyopic suggest generalised versus local processes.", "Medical Research Council (MR/T000953/1) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research." ]

[ "Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder that affects approximately 3-5% of children globally and it can lead to vision loss if it is not diagnosed and treated early.", "Traditional diagnostic methods, which rely on subjective assessments and expert interpretation of eye movement recordings presents challenges in resource-limited eye care centers.", "This study introduces a new approach that integrates the Gemini large language model (LLM) with eye-tracking data to develop a classification tool for diagnosis of patients with amblyopia.", "The study demonstrates: (1) LLMs can be successfully applied to the analysis of fixation eye movement data to diagnose patients with amblyopia; and (2) Input of medical subject matter expertise, introduced in this study in the form of medical expert augmented generation (MEAG), is an effective adaption of the generic retrieval augmented generation (RAG) approach for medical applications using LLMs.", "This study introduces a new multi-view prompting framework for ophthalmology applications that incorporates fine granularity feedback from pediatric ophthalmologist together with in-context learning to report an accuracy of 80% in diagnosing patients with amblyopia.", "In addition to the binary classification task, the classification tool is generalizable to specific subpopulations of amblyopic patients based on severity of amblyopia, type of amblyopia, and with or without nystagmus.", "The model reports an accuracy of: (1) 83% in classifying patients with moderate or severe amblyopia, (2) 81% in classifying patients with mild or treated amblyopia; and (3) 85% accuracy in classifying patients with nystagmus.", "To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that defines a multi-view prompting framework with MEAG to analyze eye tracking data for the diagnosis of amblyopic patients." ]

[ "Amblyopia, the most common visual impairment of childhood, is a public health concern.", "An extended period of optical treatment before patching is recommended by the clinical guidelines of several countries.", "The aim of this study was to compare an intensive patching regimen, with and without extended optical treatment (EOT), in a randomised controlled trial.", "EuPatch was a randomised controlled trial conducted in 30 hospitals in the UK, Greece, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland.", "Children aged 3-8 years with newly detected, untreated amblyopia (defined as an interocular difference ≥0·30 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]) due to anisometropia, strabismus, or both were eligible.", "Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequence to either the EOT group (18 weeks of glasses use before patching) or to the early patching group (3 weeks of glasses use before patching), stratified for type and severity of amblyopia.", "All participants were initially prescribed an intensive patching regimen (10 h/day, 6 days per week), supplemented with motivational materials.", "The patching period was up to 24 weeks.", "Participants, parents or guardians, assessors, and the trial statistician were not masked to treatment allocation.", "The primary outcome was successful treatment (ie, ≤0·20 logMAR interocular difference in BCVA) after 12 weeks of patching.", "Two primary analyses were conducted: the main analysis included all participants, including those who dropped out, but excluded those who did not provide outcome data at week 12 and remained on the study; the other analysis imputed this missing data.", "All eligible and randomly assigned participants were assessed for adverse events.", "This study is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry (ISRCTN51712593) and is no longer recruiting.", "Between June 20, 2013, and March 12, 2020, after exclusion of eight participants found ineligible after detailed screening, we randomly assigned 334 participants (170 to the EOT group and 164 to the early patching group), including 188 (56%) boys, 146 (44%) girls, and two (1%) participants whose sex was not recorded.", "317 participants (158 in the EOT group and 159 in the early patching group) were analysed for the primary outcome without imputation of missing data (median follow-up time 42 weeks [IQR 42] in the EOT group vs 27 weeks [27] in the early patching group).", "24 (14%) of 170 participants in the EOT group and ten (6%) of 164 in the early patching group were excluded or dropped out of the study, mostly due to loss to follow-up and withdrawal of consent; ten (6%) in the EOT group and three (2%) in the early patching group missed the 12 week visit but remained on the study.", "A higher proportion of participants in the early patching group had successful treatment (107 [67%] of 159) than those in the EOT group (86 [54%] of 158; 13% difference; p=0·019) after 12 weeks of patching.", "No serious adverse events related to the interventions occurred.", "The results from this trial indicate that early patching is more effective than EOT for the treatment of most children with amblyopia.", "Our findings also provide data for the personalisation of amblyopia treatments.", "Action Medical Research, NIHR Clinical Research Network, and Ulverscroft Foundation." ]

[ "Ambulatory central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatric oncology.", "Few studies have had interventions directed toward caregivers managing central lines (CL) at home to reduce ambulatory CLABSI rates.", "We aimed to reduce and sustain our ambulatory CLABSI rate by 25% within 3 years of the start of a quality improvement intervention.", "Plan-do-study-act cycles were implemented beginning April 2016.", "The main intervention was a family-centered CL care skill development curriculum for external CLs.", "Training began upon hospital CL insertion, followed by an ambulatory teach-back program to achieve home caregiver CL care independence.", "Other changes included: standardizing ambulatory nurse CL care practice (audits, a train the nurse trainer process, and workshops for independent home care agencies); developing aids for trainers and caregivers; providing supplies for clean surfaces; wide dissemination of the program; and minimizing opportunities of CLABSI (e.g., standardizing timing of CL removal).", "The outcome measure was the ambulatory CLABSI rate (excluding mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection), compared pre intervention (January 2015 to March 2016) to post intervention, including 2 years of sustainability (April 2016 to June 2023), using statistical process control charts.", "We estimated the total number of CLABSI and associated healthcare charges prevented.", "The ambulatory CLABSI rate decreased by 52% from 0.25 to 0.12 per 1000 CL days post intervention, achieved within 27 months; 117 CLABSI were prevented, with $4.2 million hospital charges and 702 hospital days avoided.", "Focusing efforts on home caregivers CL care may lead to reduction in pediatric oncology ambulatory CLABSI rates." ]

[ "American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have high rates of diabetes and limited access to nutrition education.", "The \"What Can I Eat?\"", "(WCIE) diabetes nutrition education program was culturally adapted for AI/AN adults.", "This analysis was designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of items developed to measure diabetes nutrition self-efficacy (i.e., confidence one can engage in specific behaviors) and diabetes nutrition behavior among participants in the WCIE program for AI/AN adults.", "This study was a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the WCIE program for AI/AN adults.", "Baseline data were used to assess the reliability and validity of the self-efficacy and behavior items, which were collected via survey.", "Due to COVID-19 safety protocols, the intervention was conducted via Zoom, and both survey and clinical data were collected at home by participants.", "The study was conducted from January to December 2021 with five AI/AN-serving health care programs in Oklahoma, Illinois, North Carolina, California, and New York.", "AI/AN adults with type 2 diabetes who spoke English and had Internet access were eligible.", "Sixty participated.", "Analyses examined validity and reliability of diabetes nutrition self-efficacy and behavior items.", "To test reliability, internal consistency and factor structures of the scales were examined.", "To evaluate convergent validity, Pearson correlations were computed to examine the association of the self-efficacy and behavior measures with each other and with clinical indicators (i.e., Body Mass Index, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C).", "Two self-efficacy factors were identified.", "Each showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach alphas ≥ 0.85; McDonald omegas ≥ 0.88) and was directly associated with diabetes nutrition behavior (Ps < 0.001).", "The factor assessing Confidence in Using the Diabetes Plate was inversely associated with A1C (Pearson Correlation = -0.32, P = 0.0243).", "The behavior measure capturing Healthy Nutrition Behavior showed strong internal consistency (alpha = 0.89; omega = 0.92) and was inversely associated with A1C (Pearson Correlation = - 0.38, P = 0.0057).", "Diabetes nutrition self-efficacy and behavior items developed for the WCIE program for AI/AN adults are valid and reliable.", "These items can facilitate rigorous and consistent evaluation of the AI/AN WCIE program." ]

[ "American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Accreditation in Nursing Continuing Professional Development (NCPD) emphasizes the importance of maintaining competence, ensuring patient safety, and supporting career advancement in nursing through learning and development.", "It underscores the shift toward competency-based and outcome-oriented education models, addressing challenges such as misconceptions about the demands of NCPD and focusing more on the impact.", "This column provides the \"why\" for organizations, leaders, and nurses to engage in ANCC accredited NCPD educational programs.", "It further explores a future where NCPD fosters a skilled, equitable, and diverse health care workforce, promoting transformational learning experiences.", "[J Contin Educ Nurs.", "2024;55(4):153-156.", "]." ]

[ "Amide-bond equilibrium probability density, Peq = exp(-u) (u, local potential), and associated conformational entropy, Sk = -∫Peq (ln Peq) dΩ ─ln ∫dΩ, are derived for the Rho GTPase binding domain of Plexin-B1 (RBD) as monomer and dimer from 1 μs MD simulations.", "The objective is to elucidate the effect of dimerization on the dynamic structure of the RBD.", "Dispersed (peaked) Peq functions indicate \"flexibility\" (\"rigidity\"; the respective concepts are used below in this context).", "The L1 and L3 loops are throughout highly flexible, the L2 loop and the secondary structure elements are generally rigid, and the L4 loop is flexible in the monomer and rigid in the dimer.", "Overall, many residues are more flexible in the dimer.", "These features, and their implications, are discussed.", "Unexpectedly, we find that monomer unit 1 of the dimer (in short, d1) is unusually flexible, whereas monomer unit 2 (in short, d2) is as rigid as the RBD monomer.", "This is revealed due to their engagement in slow-to-intermediate conformational exchange detected previously by 15N relaxation experiments.", "Such motions occur with rates on the order of 103-104 s-1; hence, they cannot be completely sampled over the course of 1 μs simulation.", "However, the extent to which rigid d2 is affected is small enough to enable physically relevant analysis.", "The entropy difference between d2 and the monomer yields an entropic contribution of -7 ± 0.7 kJ/mol to the free energy of RBD dimerization.", "In previous work aimed at similar objectives we used 50-100 ns MD simulations.", "Those results and the present result differ considerably.", "In summary, bond-vector Peq functions derived directly from long MD simulations are useful descriptors of protein structural dynamics and provide accurate conformational entropy.", "Within the scope of slow conformational exchange, they can be useful, even in the presence of incomplete sampling." ]

[ "Amidst climate change, extensive research has centered on the health impacts of heatwaves, yet the consequences of cold spells, particularly in cooler, higher-altitude regions, remain under-explored.", "Analyzing climatic data and non-accidental mortality in Xining, China's second-highest provincial capital, from 2016 to 2020, this study defines cold spells as daily mean temperatures below the 10th, 7.5th, or 5th percentiles for 2-4 consecutive days.", "A time-stratified case-crossover approach and distributional lag nonlinear modeling were used to assess the link between cold spells and mortality, calculating attributable fractions (AFs) and numbers (ANs) of deaths.", "The study also examined the impact of cold spells over different periods and analyzed the value of a statistical life (VSL) loss in 2018, a year with frequent cold spells.", "Stratified analyses by sex, age, and education level were conducted.", "A significant association was found between cold spells and non-accidental mortality, with a relative risk of 1.548 (95% CI: 1.300, 1.845).", "The AF was 33.48%, with an AN of 9,196 deaths during the study's cold period.", "A declining trend in mortality risk was observed from 2019-2020.", "The 2018 VSL was approximately 2.875 billion CNY, about 1.75% of Xining's GDP.", "Higher risks were noted among males, individuals aged ≥ 65, and those with lower education levels.", "The findings underscore the vulnerability and economic losses of high-altitude cities to cold spells.", "Implementing interventions such as improved heating, educational programs, and community support is vital for mitigating these adverse health effects." ]

[ "Among a variety of environmental factors, operative temperature, relative humidity and ventilation rate are generally considered to be factors that significantly affect work performance, and the interactions among these three factors were quantitatively studied in this paper.", "Eighteen participants were recruited to complete the neurobehavioral ability tests in different environments by central composite design, and their performance was analysed by regression fitting and multi-factor coupling analysis.", "By defining the interval coefficient β, the interaction effects between the factors were calculated quantitatively.", "The results showed that: for the performance of perception and expression tasks, there was an antagonistic effect between operative temperature and relative humidity (β = 0.50 ∼ 0.82), between operative temperature and ventilation rate (β = -0.29 to -0.38), and among the three factors (β = 0.38-0.67).", "There was a synergy effect between relative humidity and ventilation rate (β = 1.71-2.28).", "For the performance of reasoning tasks, the interaction effect among the three factors and their combinations is antagonistic effect (β = 0.67-0.83).Practitioner summary: We proposed a method to calculate the quantitative relation of multi-factor interactions.", "In recent ergonomics studies, more and more factors have been included.", "This method can well describe the synergistic or antagonistic effect of the changes of other factors on the target factors." ]

[ "Among Chinese medical students, medical statistics is often perceived as a formidable subject.", "While existing research has explored the attitudes of Chinese postgraduate medical students towards statistics and its impact on academic performance, there is a scarcity of studies examining the attitudes of Chinese medical undergraduates on this subject.", "This study endeavors to scrutinize the attitudes of Chinese medical undergraduates towards statistics, assessing their ramifications on learning achievements, and delving into the influence of demographic factors.", "1266 medical undergraduates participated in this study, completing a questionnaire that included SATS-36 and additional queries.", "Furthermore, an examination was administered at the end of the medical statistics course.", "The analysis encompassed the SATS score and exam scores, examining both the overall participant population and specific demographic subgroups.", "Undergraduate medical students generally exhibit a favorable disposition towards statistics concerning Affect, Cognitive Competence, and Value components, yet harbor less favorable sentiments regarding the Difficulty component of SATS-36, aligning with previous research findings.", "In comparison to their postgraduate counterparts, undergraduates display heightened enthusiasm for medical statistics.", "However, they demonstrate a lower cognitive capacity in statistics and tend to underestimate both the value and difficulty of learning statistics.", "Despite these disparities, undergraduate medical students express a genuine interest in statistics and exhibit a strong dedication to mastering the subject.", "It is noteworthy that students' attitudes toward statistics may be influenced by their major and gender.", "Additionally, there exists a statistically significant positive correlation between learning achievement and the Affect, Cognitive Competence, Value, Interest, and Effort components of the SATS-36, while a negative correlation is observed with the Difficulty component.", "Educators should carefully consider the influence of attitudes toward statistics, especially the variations observed among majors and genders when formulating strategies and curricula to enhance medical statistics education." ]

[ "Among patients with heart failure (HF), fatigue is common and linked to quality of life and functional status.", "Fatigue is hypothesized to manifest as multiple types, with general and exertional components.", "Unique subtypes of fatigue in HF may require differential assessment and treatment to improve outcomes.", "We conducted this study to identify fatigue subtypes in persons with prevalent HF in the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) and describe the distribution of characteristics across subtypes.", "We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1065 participants with prevalent HF at ARIC visit 5 (2011-2013).", "We measured exertional fatigue using the Modified Medical Research Council Breathlessness scale and general fatigue using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System fatigue scale.", "We used latent class analysis to identify subtypes of fatigue.", "Number of classes was determined using model fit statistics, and classes were interpreted and assigned fatigue severity rating based on the conditional probability of endorsing survey items given class.", "We compared characteristics across classes using multinomial regression.", "Overall, participants were 54% female and 38% Black with a mean age of 77.", "We identified 4 latent classes (fatigue subtypes): (1) high general/high exertional fatigue (18%), (2) high general/low exertional fatigue (27%), (3) moderate general/moderate exertional fatigue (20%), and (4) low/no general and exertional fatigue (35%).", "Female sex, Black race, lower education level, higher body mass index, increased depressive symptoms, and higher prevalence of diabetes were associated with higher levels of general and exertional fatigue.", "We identified unique subtypes of fatigue in patients with HF who have not been previously described.", "Within subtype, general and exertional fatigue were mostly concordant in severity, and exertional fatigue only occurred in conjunction with general fatigue, not alone.", "Further understanding these fatigue types and their relationships to outcomes may enhance our understanding of the symptom experience and inform prognostication and secondary prevention efforts for persons with HF." ]

[ "Among-individual and within-individual variation in expression of seasonal migration versus residence is widespread in nature and could substantially affect the dynamics of partially migratory metapopulations inhabiting seasonally and spatially structured environments.", "However, such variation has rarely been explicitly incorporated into metapopulation dynamic models for partially migratory systems.", "We, therefore, lack general frameworks that can identify how variable seasonal movements, and associated season- and location-specific vital rates, can control system persistence.", "We constructed a novel conceptual framework that captures full-annual-cycle dynamics and key dimensions of metapopulation structure for partially migratory species inhabiting seasonal environments.", "We conceptualize among-individual variation in seasonal migration as two variable vital rates: seasonal movement probability and associated movement survival probability.", "We conceptualize three levels of within-individual variation (i.e.", "plasticity), representing seasonal or annual variation in seasonal migration or lifelong fixed strategies.", "We formulate these concepts as a general matrix model, which is customizable for diverse life-histories and seasonal landscapes.", "To illustrate how variable seasonal migration can affect metapopulation growth rate, demographic structure and vital rate elasticities, we parameterize our general models for hypothetical short- and longer-lived species.", "Analyses illustrate that elasticities of seasonal movement probability and associated survival probability can sometimes equal or exceed those of vital rates typically understood to substantially influence metapopulation dynamics (i.e.", "seasonal survival probability or fecundity), that elasticities can vary non-linearly, and that metapopulation outcomes depend on the level of within-individual plasticity.", "We illustrate how our general framework can be applied to evaluate the consequences of variable and changing seasonal movement probability by parameterizing our models for a real partially migratory metapopulation of European shags Gulosus aristotelis assuming lifelong fixed strategies.", "Given observed conditions, metapopulation growth rate was most elastic to breeding season adult survival of the resident fraction in the dominant population.", "However, given doubled seasonal movement probability, variation in survival during movement would become the primary driver of metapopulation dynamics.", "Our general conceptual and matrix model frameworks, and illustrative analyses, thereby highlight complex ways in which structured variation in seasonal migration can influence dynamics of partially migratory metapopulations, and pave the way for diverse future theoretical and empirical advances." ]

[ "Amyloidosis, a rare multisystem condition, often requires complex, multidisciplinary care.", "Its low prevalence underscores the importance of efforts to ensure the availability of high-quality patient education materials for better outcomes.", "ChatGPT (OpenAI) is a large language model powered by artificial intelligence that offers a potential avenue for disseminating accurate, reliable, and accessible educational resources for both patients and providers.", "Its user-friendly interface, engaging conversational responses, and the capability for users to ask follow-up questions make it a promising future tool in delivering accurate and tailored information to patients.", "We performed a multidisciplinary assessment of the accuracy, reproducibility, and readability of ChatGPT in answering questions related to amyloidosis.", "In total, 98 amyloidosis questions related to cardiology, gastroenterology, and neurology were curated from medical societies, institutions, and amyloidosis Facebook support groups and inputted into ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.", "Cardiology- and gastroenterology-related responses were independently graded by a board-certified cardiologist and gastroenterologist, respectively, who specialize in amyloidosis.", "These 2 reviewers (RG and DCK) also graded general questions for which disagreements were resolved with discussion.", "Neurology-related responses were graded by a board-certified neurologist (AAH) who specializes in amyloidosis.", "Reviewers used the following grading scale: (1) comprehensive, (2) correct but inadequate, (3) some correct and some incorrect, and (4) completely incorrect.", "Questions were stratified by categories for further analysis.", "Reproducibility was assessed by inputting each question twice into each model.", "The readability of ChatGPT-4 responses was also evaluated using the Textstat library in Python (Python Software Foundation) and the Textstat readability package in R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).", "ChatGPT-4 (n=98) provided 93 (95%) responses with accurate information, and 82 (84%) were comprehensive.", "ChatGPT-3.5 (n=83) provided 74 (89%) responses with accurate information, and 66 (79%) were comprehensive.", "When examined by question category, ChatGTP-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 provided 53 (95%) and 48 (86%) comprehensive responses, respectively, to \"general questions\" (n=56).", "When examined by subject, ChatGPT-4 and ChatGPT-3.5 performed best in response to cardiology questions (n=12) with both models producing 10 (83%) comprehensive responses.", "For gastroenterology (n=15), ChatGPT-4 received comprehensive grades for 9 (60%) responses, and ChatGPT-3.5 provided 8 (53%) responses.", "Overall, 96 of 98 (98%) responses for ChatGPT-4 and 73 of 83 (88%) for ChatGPT-3.5 were reproducible.", "The readability of ChatGPT-4's responses ranged from 10th to beyond graduate US grade levels with an average of 15.5 (SD 1.9).", "Large language models are a promising tool for accurate and reliable health information for patients living with amyloidosis.", "However, ChatGPT's responses exceeded the American Medical Association's recommended fifth- to sixth-grade reading level.", "Future studies focusing on improving response accuracy and readability are warranted.", "Prior to widespread implementation, the technology's limitations and ethical implications must be further explored to ensure patient safety and equitable implementation." ]

[ "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to muscle weakness and respiratory failure.", "Arimoclomol, a heat-shock protein-70 (HSP70) co-inducer, is neuroprotective in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with multiple mechanisms of action, including clearance of protein aggregates, a pathological hallmark of sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of arimoclomol in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.", "ORARIALS-01 was a multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial done at 29 centres in 12 countries in Europe and North America.", "Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older and met El Escorial criteria for clinically possible, probable, probable laboratory-supported, definite, or familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; had an ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised score of 35 or more; and had slow vital capacity at 70% or more of the value predicted on the basis of the participant's age, height, and sex.", "Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) in blocks of 6, stratified by use of a stable dose of riluzole or no riluzole use, to receive oral arimoclomol citrate 1200 mg/day (400 mg three times per day) or placebo.", "The Randomisation sequence was computer generated centrally.", "Investigators, study personnel, and study participants were masked to treatment allocation.", "The primary outcome was the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS) rank score over 76 weeks of treatment.", "The primary outcome and safety were analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population.", "This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03491462, and is completed.", "Between July 31, 2018, and July 17, 2019, 287 patients were screened, 245 of whom were enrolled in the trial and randomly assigned.", "The modified intention-to-treat population comprised 239 patients (160 in the arimoclomol group and 79 in the placebo group): 151 (63%) were male and 88 (37%) were female; mean age was 57·6 years (SD 10·9).", "CAFS score over 76 weeks did not differ between groups (mean 0·51 [SD 0·29] in the arimoclomol group vs 0·49 [0·28] in the placebo group; p=0·62).", "Cliff's delta comparing the two groups was 0·039 (95% CI -0·116 to 0·194).", "Proportions of participants who died were similar between the treatment groups: 29 (18%) of 160 patients in the arimoclomol group and 18 (23%) of 79 patients in the placebo group.", "Most deaths were due to disease progression.", "The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal.", "Adverse events were more often deemed treatment-related in the arimoclomol group (104 [65%]) than in the placebo group (41 [52%]) and more often led to treatment discontinuation in the arimoclomol group (26 [16%]) than in the placebo group (four [5%]).", "Arimoclomol did not improve efficacy outcomes compared with placebo.", "Although available biomarker data are insufficient to preclude future strategies that target the HSP response, safety data suggest that a higher dose of arimoclomol would not have been tolerated.", "Orphazyme." ]

[ "An accuracy study of a test that produces a wide range of results will often present a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and report the area under the ROC curve (AUROC).", "The AUROC is a summary measure of how well the test discriminates between those with the condition or disease in question and those without it.", "A test that perfectly separates individuals with and without the condition has an AUROC of 1.0, and a test that doesn't separate them at all has an AUROC of 0.5.", "The AUROC is also the probability that a random individual with the condition will have a more abnormal test result than a random individual without the condition.", "In this Key Concepts article, we present our \"walking man\" approach to understanding ROC curves and the AUROC." ]

[ "An accurate and reliable patient classification system (PCS) can help inform decisions regarding adequate assignments for nurse staffing.", "This study aimed to evaluate the criterion validity of the Asan Patient Classification System (APCS), a new tertiary hospital-specific PCS, by comparing its rating and total scores with those of KPCS-1 and KPCS-GW for measuring patient activity and nursing needs.", "We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 50,314 inpatients admitted to the general wards of a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul, South Korea in March, June, September, and December 2019.", "Spearman's correlation and Kappa statistics according to quartiles were calculated to examine the criterion validity of the APCS compared with the KPCS-1 and KPCS-GW.", "The average patient classification score was 28.3 points for APCS, 25.7 points for KPCS-1, and 21.6 points for KPCS-GW.", "The kappa value between APCS and KPCS-1 was 0.91 (95% CI:0.9072, 0.9119) and that between APCS and KPCS-GW was 0.88 (95% CI:0.8757, 0.8810).", "Additionally, Spearman's correlation coefficients among APCS, KPCS-1, and KPCS-GW showed a very strong correlation.", "However, 10.8% of the participants' results were inconsistent, and KPCS-1 tended to classify patients into groups with lower nursing needs compared to APCS.", "This study showed that electronic health record-generated APCS can provide useful information on patients' severity and nursing activities to measure workload estimation.", "Additional research is needed to develop and implement a real-world EHR-based PCS system to accommodate for direct and indirect nursing care while considering diverse population and dynamic healthcare system." ]

[ "An accurate understanding of dietary supplements (DS) is a prerequisite for informed decisions regarding their intake.", "However, there is a need for studies on this understanding among the public based on validated research tools.", "This study aims to assess the knowledge about DS among Polish internet users with no medical education and to identify its determinants and design an appropriate predictive model.", "The study protocol was prospectively registered with a statistical analysis plan.", "Polish users of a web-based health service and a social networking service were administered a survey consisting of the recently developed questionnaire on knowledge about DS, the questionnaire on trust in advertising DS, the beliefs about medicines questionnaire, and several other health-related single-item measures and sociodemographic questions.", "The results were subjected to general linear modeling.", "A total of 6273 participants were included.", "Of the 17 yes or no questions in the questionnaire of knowledge about DS, the mean number of correct responses was 9.0 (95% CI 8.9-9.1).", "Health service users performed worse than social networking users by 2.3 points (95% CI 2.1-2.5) in an analysis adjusted for potential confounders.", "Internet users had fewer true beliefs about DS if they presented higher trust in their advertising (adjusted β=-.37; 95% CI -.39 to -.34), used DS (adjusted β=-.14; 95% CI -.17 to -.12), experienced their positive effect (adjusted β=-.16; 95% CI -.18 to -.13), were older or younger than 35 years (adjusted β=-.14; 95% CI -.17 to -.12), expressed interest in the topic of DS (adjusted β=-.10; 95% CI -.13 to -.08), reported getting information about the products from friends (adjusted β=-.13; 95% CI -.15 to -.11), and believed that medicines are harmful (adjusted β=-.12; 95% CI -.15 to -.10).", "The proposed 5-predictor model could explain 31.2% of the variance in knowledge about DS.", "The model appeared resistant to overfitting and was able to forecast most of the observed associations.", "Polish internet users with no medical education exhibit some false beliefs regarding DS.", "Trusting the advertising of DS appears to conflict with knowledge about them.", "There is an urgent need for effective web-based educational campaigns on DS and the promotion of advertising literacy.", "After the proposed predictive model is externally validated, it may help identify the least informed target audience." ]

[ "An Action-Research (AR) design was implemented throughout a competitive season in which Constraint-led and Step-Game approaches were combined.", "This intervention study investigated the impact of increased performance complexity on emergence of counterattacking synchronisation tendencies in team players (laterally and longitudinally on court) at different set moments.", "Fifteen youth volleyball team players were studied across three action-research cycles, with performance in one competitive match analysed per cycle.", "Team synchronisation tendencies were assessed using the cluster phase method, with a 3 (matches) x 2 (set moments) x 2 (court direction) repeated-measures ANOVA statistical procedure to calculate differences in cluster amplitude mean values.", "Results revealed a reduction in team synchrony levels when tactical complexity of counterattacking play increased (second AR-cycle).", "Nevertheless, similar levels of team synchrony emerged between the first and third AR-cycles.", "Results also revealed the final moments of a set as a significant environmental constraint that shaped synchronisation tendencies.", "Evidence suggested that the (re)achievement of functional synchrony was realised through integration of Constraint-led and Step-Game approaches during practices designed to enhance tactical awareness in players.", "Finally, an insider action-research design provided relevant contextualised insights on the development of a team's synchronisation tendencies." ]

[ "An app providing material for education and entertaining is a possible way to support patients and healthcare providers in achieving person-centered care.", "An app tailored on the Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (FTGM), a research hospital treating cardiac and lung disorders, was created.", "A pilot evaluation project was conducted on consecutive patients hospitalized for heart or lung disorders.", "Patients were asked to complete an assessment questionnaire.", "The FTGM app provides information on diagnostic and therapeutic investigations, hospital and healthcare personnel, and includes content for entertainment and learning.", "It was tested on 215 consecutive patients (75% men, 66% aged >60 years, and 40% with a primary or middle school degree).", "Sixty-nine percentage of patients used the FTGM app, including 67% of patients aged >80 years and 65% of those with an elementary education (65%).", "Patients gave positive feedback on the app layout.", "Many (76%) looked for information on doctors and nurses in the 'People' section.", "Sixty-five percent of responders had used at least one of the sections called 'Music' and 'Museum visits'.", "The app helped many patients perceive the hospital as a more liveable place (68%), and to feel less anxious (76%), and more engaged in the diagnostic and therapeutic workup (65%).", "Overall, the majority of responders (87%) rated the app as 'excellent' or 'good', and almost all (95%) would have recommended other patients to use the app.", "The FTGM app is a possible tool to improve patient wellbeing during hospitalization." ]

[ "An avalanche of early stage cancer clinical trials is coming.", "The majority of these solely use surrogate outcomes that have not been validated against a target outcome of interest (e.g.", "overall survival).", "Current HTA guidance on surrogate outcome validation are not methodologically or practically conducive to this scenario.", "We provide a high-level overview of methods, approaches, and conceptual thinking for making better use of limited evidence within early stage cancer HTA submissions.", "We outline regulatory and HTA issues and emphasize how evidence transitions from one to another, what major gaps currently exist, and how these may be bridged.", "We summarize current methodologies and practices, their pros and cons.", "We outline how complementary measurements strengthen evaluations and address fallacies and biases of conventional statistical methods for surrogate outcomes validation.", "The value of real-world data to support some of the necessary validity components is discussed.", "Lastly, we address the importance of the patient voice for better understanding which surrogate outcomes may appropriately inform HTA.", "Conventional surrogate outcome validation represents a fraught and sub-optimal framework for HTA purposes, particularly for early stage cancer.", "Tools for optimizing use of limited evidence exist.", "Education of stakeholders is highly needed." ]

[ "An electrocardiogram (ECG), combined with a well-conducted clinical examination, is more effective than the clinical examination alone in detecting underlying cardiac pathologies in athletes.", "The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ECGs by physicians who are members of the Guinean Association of Sports Physicians, during the non-contraindication visit for competitive sports between the ages of 12 and 35.", "We conducted a web-survey from July 15 to August 15, 2023.", "A survey form was created on \"Google Docs\" and pre-tested.", "It was then broadcast on all the communication networks used by these doctors.", "The data were secured using \"Google Drive\" software.", "Analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 software.", "Of the 51 included, 74.51% said they had received at least one training session on ECG interpretation for athletes.", "All of them either requested or performed an ECG at least once in a while, as part of the check-up for non-contraindication to competitive sport.", "The ECG was systematic, according to 72.55% of doctors.", "Three quarters referred to a sports cardiologist in the event of an abnormal ECG, 66.67% to a cardiology resident and 58.82% to a cardiologist.", "In the absence of an ECG, the presence of functional signs on exertion, the notion of a family history of cardiovascular disease and the presence of at least two cardiovascular risk factors were the main reasons for seeking an opinion.", "A resting ECG is carried out almost systematically by doctors who are members of the Guinean Association of Sports Doctors, as part of the check-up for non-contraindication to practising sport." ]

[ "An equitable education system is essential for all students to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to become productive members of society.", "Pre-service teachers in education play a vital role in fostering equitable educational practices.", "This study aimed to measure the association between the social media-based community of inquiry and pre-service teachers' intentions toward social justice and equity in education.", "It focused on pre-service teachers enrolled in the education departments of universities in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan.", "Census sampling was used to include all students enrolled in teacher education departments across universities in GB.", "The research utilized a multi-wave survey design, beginning with a baseline survey to assess pre-service teachers' presence on social media.", "This information guided the design of a community of inquiry on social media centered on the theme of social justice and equity in education.", "After 4 months, a second survey was conducted to measure the association between the community of inquiry and pre-service teachers' intentions toward social justice and equity.", "For data analysis, the study employed the partial least squares-consistent structural equation modeling (PLSc-SEM) approach.", "The novelty of the study lies in integrating the community of inquiry framework with the theory of planned behavior.", "We found a significant and positive association between the social media-based community of inquiry and pre-service teachers' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control regarding their intentions to implement social justice and equity in education.", "These findings hold the potential for developing prospective teachers and educational leadership with a strong focus on equity.", "Future research could explore creating a community of inquiry for pre-service teachers to enhance their mindset and skills for inclusive education.", "This aligns with the broader objective of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) on fostering a more inclusive and equitable educational environment." ]

[ "An estimated 609,820 child-rearing adults in 2023 died from advanced cancer, affecting 153,675 dependent children.", "Although children are known to suffer significant distress when a parent is diagnosed with cancer, few studies have described parents' views of their adolescent's behavioral response to their advanced cancer or what the parent did to interpret or manage that response.", "To describe patient-reported concerns about their adolescent and how they responded to their adolescent's behavior.", "Single occasion interviews were administered to 6 adolescent-rearing parents with Stage IV cancer.", "Interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis by trained coders.", "Trustworthiness of results was protected through peer debriefing, coding to consensus, and maintaining an audit trail.", "The core construct that explained study data was Being There without Taking Over, comprised of 4 domains: Struggling to Read My Child, Attempting to Talk with My Child about My Cancer, Trying to Maintain Optimism, and Understanding My Child.", "Parents were deeply concerned about the impact of their advanced cancer on their adolescent but were unable to distinguish between cancer-related distress and adolescent angst.", "They feared initiating cancer-related discussions and struggled with their own feelings of guilt and parental inadequacy but did not turn to professionals for help.", "Adolescent-rearing patients with advanced disease need to be triaged into services that offer a framework from which parents can interpret their child's behavior and learn ways to have adolescent-appropriate conversations about the cancer.", "Such services should also help parents gain skills to manage feelings of parental inadequacy and guilt.", "In the absence of services, parents struggle and do not know how to interpret and respond to their adolescent's cancer-related behavior." ]

[ "An exclusive breastfeeding period is a time when the infant's feeding depends on only breast milk.", "Inadequate maternal nutrition during this period could lead to insufficient infant feeding, which can further lead to childhood undernutrition and developmental restrictions.", "Evidently, the burden of maternal undernutrition was higher in resource-limited countries, including Ethiopia.", "This study aimed to assess the proportion of undernutrition among exclusive breastfeeding mothers and its associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia.", "The study used a community-based cross-sectional design.", "The study was conducted among 442 nursing mothers from 10 to 30 June 2022.", "The participants were selected using multistage sampling techniques.", "An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information.", "Statistical software EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively.", "The factors associated with undernutrition were identified using a binary logistic regression analysis.", "In the bivariable analysis, a p-value of less than 0.25 was used to include the variable in the multivariable analysis, whereas p-value less than 0.05 was an odds ratio used to declare an independent association at a 95% confidence interval.", "The proportion of undernutrition among the participants was found to be 24.8% in the study area.", "Poor intake of extra meals (adjusted odds ratio = 2.104; 95% confidence interval: 1.208, 3.664), poor dietary diversity habits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.605; 95% confidence interval: 2.112, 6.153), a lack of nutrition information (adjusted odds ratio = 1.853; 95% confidence interval: 1.070, 3.212), and household food insecurity (adjusted odds ratio = 4.424; 95% confidence interval: 2.639, 7.417) were identified as factors enhancing undernutrition among exclusive breastfeeding mothers in the area.", "A quarter of exclusive breastfeeding mothers were undernourished in the area.", "Poor dietary diversity habits, poor intake of extra meals, a lack of nutrition information, and household food insecurity were found to be the factors determining undernutrition.", "Hence, it is important to reinforce nutrition intervention programs, including maternal nutrition education and counseling." ]

[ "An illness script is a specific script format geared to represent patient-oriented clinical knowledge organized around enabling conditions, faults (i.e., pathophysiological process), and consequences.", "Generative artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as an educational aid in continuing medical education.", "The effortless creation of a typical illness script by generative AI could help the comprehension of key features of diseases and increase diagnostic accuracy.", "No systematic summary of specific examples of illness scripts has been reported since illness scripts are unique to each physician.", "This study investigated whether generative AI can generate illness scripts.", "We utilized ChatGPT-4, a generative AI, to create illness scripts for 184 diseases based on the diseases and conditions integral to the National Model Core Curriculum in Japan for undergraduate medical education (2022 revised edition) and primary care specialist training in Japan.", "Three physicians applied a three-tier grading scale: \"A\" denotes that the content of each disease's illness script proves sufficient for training medical students, \"B\" denotes that it is partially lacking but acceptable, and \"C\" denotes that it is deficient in multiple respects.", "By leveraging ChatGPT-4, we successfully generated each component of the illness script for 184 diseases without any omission.", "The illness scripts received \"A,\" \"B,\" and \"C\" ratings of 56.0% (103/184), 28.3% (52/184), and 15.8% (29/184), respectively.", "Useful illness scripts were seamlessly and instantaneously created using ChatGPT-4 by employing prompts appropriate for medical students.", "The technology-driven illness script is a valuable tool for introducing medical students to key features of diseases." ]

[ "An important first step in talent development in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is getting individuals excited about STEM.", "Females, in particular, are underrepresented in many STEM fields.", "Since girls' interest in STEM declines in adolescence, interventions should begin in secondary education at the latest.", "One appropriate intervention is (online) mentoring.", "Although its short-term effectiveness has been demonstrated for proximal outcomes during secondary education (e.g., positive changes in elective intentions in STEM), studies of the long-term effectiveness of STEM mentoring provided during secondary education-especially for real-life choices of university STEM majors and professions-are lacking.", "In our study, we examine females' real-life decisions about university majors and entering professions made years after they had participated in an online mentoring program (CyberMentor) during secondary education.", "The program's proximal positive influence on girls' elective intentions in STEM and certainty about career plans during secondary education had previously been demonstrated in several studies with pre-post-test waitlist control group designs.", "Specifically, we compared the choices that former mentees (n = 410) made about university majors and entering professions several years after program participation with (1) females of their age cohort and (2) females of a group of girls comparably interested in STEM who had signed up for the program but then not participated (n = 71).", "Further, we examined the explanatory contribution to these later career-path-relevant, real-life choices based on (1) mentees' baseline conditions prior to entering the program (e.g., elective intentions in STEM), (2) successful 1-year program participation, and (3) multiyear program participation.", "Findings indicate positive long-term effects of the program in all areas investigated." ]

[ "An important part of scientific training in undergraduate curriculum involves teaching students how to effectively communicate in science.", "Scientific writing and oral presentations are important parts of most science classes.", "The same cannot be said about a new and emerging aspect of many recent scientific articles: graphical abstracts.", "In recent years, many scientific journals have adopted graphical abstracts as a way to capture both the scientific audience and increase visibility on social media platforms.", "Graphical abstracts are becoming the norm for many journals; however, there is no equivalent training in undergraduate classes that teaches students the intricate skills of efficient graphical design.", "In this paper, we share our course design and discuss how students can be taught to design better experiments and excel in communicating their research findings through graphical abstracts." ]

[ "An important part of surgical training in ophthalmology is understanding how to proficiently perform cataract surgery.", "Operating skill in cataract surgery is typically assessed by real-time or video-based expert review using a rating scale.", "This is time-consuming, subjective and labour-intensive.", "A typical trainee graduates with over 100 complete surgeries, each of which requires review by the surgical educators.", "Due to the consistently repetitive nature of this task, it lends itself well to machine learning-based evaluation.", "Recent studies utilize deep learning models trained on tool motion trajectories obtained using additional equipment or robotic systems.", "However, the process of tool recognition by extracting frames from the videos to perform phase recognition followed by skill assessment is exhaustive.", "This project proposes a deep learning model for skill evaluation using raw surgery videos that is cost-effective and end-to-end trainable.", "An advanced ensemble of convolutional neural network models is leveraged to model technical skills in cataract surgeries and is evaluated using a large dataset comprising almost 200 surgical trials.", "The highest accuracy of 0.8494 is observed on the phacoemulsification step data.", "Our model yielded an average accuracy of 0.8200 and an average AUC score of 0.8800 for all four phase datasets of cataract surgery proving its robustness against different data.", "The proposed ensemble model with 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks demonstrated a promising result without using tool motion trajectories to evaluate surgery expertise." ]

[ "An important prerequisite for the success of the digitisation of the healthcare system are risk-literate users.", "Risk literacy means the ability to weigh potential benefits and harms of digital technologies and information, to use digital services critically, and to understand statistical evidence.", "How do people find reliable and comprehensible health information on the Internet?", "How can they better assess the quality of algorithmic decision systems?", "This narrative contribution describes two approaches that show how the competence to make informed decisions can be promoted.Evidence-based and reliable health information exists on the Internet but must be distinguished from a large amount of unreliable information.", "Various institutions in the German-speaking world have therefore provided guidance to help laypersons make informed decisions.", "The Harding Center for Risk Literacy in Potsdam, for example, has developed a decision tree (\"fast-and-frugal tree\").", "When dealing with algorithms, natural frequency trees (NFTs) can help to assess the quality and fairness of an algorithmic decision system.Independent of reliable and comprehensible digital health services, further tools for laypersons to assess information and algorithms should be developed and provided.", "These tools can also be included in institutional training programmes for the promotion of digital literacy.", "This would be an important step towards the success of digitisation in prevention and health promotion." ]

[ "An important publication titled The State of Doctor of Nursing Practice Education in 2022 reports on a national study that examined the current state of DNP graduates both in practice and in academia.", "The key findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the 2022 report provide an updated snapshot of current DNP education and practice along with recommendations for curricula and utilization of DNP graduates.", "This article focuses on the DNP Project as an integral component of the DNP curriculum in developing clinical leaders and scholars to improve healthcare outcomes and significantly impact healthcare transformation.", "Many publications have addressed the significant variability of the DNP Project among programs.", "This AACN report further underscores variability among DNP Projects regarding purpose, focus, format, development, evaluation, dissemination, and contribution to practice.", "The purpose of this article is to provide a perspective for nurse leaders and faculty about selected key findings, conclusions, and recommendations from this 2022 report that relate to DNP Projects as a means to improve the value and rigor of DNP Projects and decrease the variability among DNP programs." ]

[ "An important yet challenging aspect of atomistic materials modeling is reconciling experimental and computational results.", "Conventional approaches involve generating numerous configurations through molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo structure optimization and selecting the one with the closest match to experiment.", "However, this inefficient process is not guaranteed to succeed.", "We introduce a general method to combine atomistic machine learning (ML) with experimental observables that produces atomistic structures compatible with experiment by design.", "We use this approach in combination with grand-canonical Monte Carlo within a modified Hamiltonian formalism, to generate configurations that agree with experimental data and are chemically sound (low in energy).", "We apply our approach to understand the atomistic structure of oxygenated amorphous carbon (a-COx), an intriguing carbon-based material, to answer the question of how much oxygen can be added to carbon before it fully decomposes into CO and CO2.", "Utilizing an ML-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) model trained from GW and density functional theory (DFT) data, in conjunction with an ML interatomic potential, we identify a-COx structures compliant with experimental XPS predictions that are also energetically favorable with respect to DFT.", "Employing a network analysis, we accurately deconvolve the XPS spectrum into motif contributions, both revealing the inaccuracies inherent to experimental XPS interpretation and granting us atomistic insight into the structure of a-COx.", "This method generalizes to multiple experimental observables and allows for the elucidation of the atomistic structure of materials directly from experimental data, thereby enabling experiment-driven materials modeling with a degree of realism previously out of reach." ]

[ "An increasing body of research has examined the link between biodiversity of birds and human mental health, but most studies only use cross-sectional data.", "Few studies have used longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional data to investigate the mental health benefits of bird diversity.", "The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between bird diversity and mental health at the national level using a unique repeated cross-sectional dataset.", "I used repeated cross-sectional health data from the German National Cohort health study, collected between March, 2014, and September, 2019, and annual bird citizen science data to investigate the effects of bird-diversity exposure on mental health.", "Mental health was measured using the summary score of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module 9 (SumPHQ) and the Short Form Health Survey-12 Mental Health Component Scale.", "As a proxy for bird diversity, I created a unique indicator called reporting-rate richness and combined it with the health data.", "Reporting-rate richness measures the number of bird species within postcode areas across Germany in probabilities while accounting for variation in survey efforts.", "Alternative indicators of bird diversity, such as bird-species richness or abundance, were also calculated.", "Associations between bird diversity and mental health were estimated using linear regression with region and time fixed effects, adjusted for a range of sociodemographic and environmental confounders and spatial autocorrelation.", "Interaction terms between income levels and reporting-rate richness were also analysed to examine the moderating effect of socioeconomic status.", "I did the analyses for an unbalanced (n=176 362) and balanced (n=125 423) dataset, with the balanced dataset comprising only regions (postcode areas) in which health data were available for each year.", "The linear fixed-effects regression analysis indicated a significant negative association between reporting-rate richness and SumPHQ, as observed in both the unbalanced dataset (β -0·02, p=0·017) and the balanced dataset (β -0·03, p=0·0037).", "Similarly, regression results with both datasets showed a positive relationship between reporting-rate richness and Mental Health Component Scale (MCS; unbalanced β 0·02, p=0·0086; balanced β 0·03, p=0·0018).", "The moderator analyses revealed a significant influence of socioeconomic status on the relationship between reporting-rate richness and mental health.", "The robustness of these findings was confirmed through sensitivity analyses.", "The results suggest that a greater likelihood of having many different bird species in a person's area of residence might positively contribute to mental health, especially for people with lower socioeconomic status.", "These findings could have implications for biodiversity conservation and health policy decisions, as governments are facing challenges such as global biodiversity loss and growing public mental health problems.", "None." ]

[ "An increasing shift towards non-communicable diseases and an existing high surgical burden of disease in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Pakistan, has driven the need for implementing Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), a safe and cost-effective surgical service aimed at improving patient recovery and reducing post-operative complications.", "Despite countless benefits, there are few ERAS programs throughout Pakistan and sparse literature on healthcare professionals' views regarding ERAS.", "Without a deep understanding of healthcare professionals' perspectives on ERAS, underlying barriers and facilitators to a long-term ERAS implementation cannot be addressed and improved upon.", "Therefore, the purpose of this study is to better understand the knowledge, implementation, and perception of ERAS from the perspective of healthcare professionals across Pakistan.", "Upon receiving ethical approval from the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), a previously validated questionnaire was modified and a 29-question survey was developed and disseminated to healthcare professionals practising in Pakistan.", "Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and potential correlations that exist between the implementation of ERAS and the participants' gender, employment setting, and surgical specialty were investigated using the chi-squared analysis with a p-value of 0.05 as the cutoff.", "A total of 49 participants responded to this survey of whom 34 (69%) worked at a tertiary care teaching hospital whereas 15 (31%) worked at a private hospital.", "Surprisingly, 42 (85%) participants expressed being aware of the ERAS guidelines with only 30 (61%) either strongly agreeing or agreeing to successfully implementing ERAS into practice.", "The largest discrepancies in implementation were seen when discussing specific elements of the ERAS guidelines such as preoperative carbohydrate loading, practicing prolonged preoperative fasting, performing mechanical bowel preparation, performing active patient warming, and early postoperative removal of Foley's catheter.", "Surgeons employed at a private institution were more likely to discuss postoperative pain management and control, less likely to utilize prolonged fasting, more likely to perform regular body temperature monitoring, more likely to practice providing chewing gum to patients postoperatively, and more likely to perform early removal of the Foley's catheter.", "An understanding of ERAS, the implementation of various elements, and a positive attitude toward its benefits definitely seem to be prevalent among healthcare professionals in Pakistan.", "However, key barriers and enablers specific to the underlying healthcare environment seem to be hindering the long-term successful implementation of ERAS across Pakistan.", "It is crucial for future studies to explore these barriers in further detail and involve the perspective of these key stakeholders to help enhance long-term ERAS adoption." ]

[ "An increasingly aging society and consequently rising number of patients with poststroke-related neurological dysfunctions are forcing the rehabilitation field to adapt to ever-growing demands.", "Although clinical reasoning within rehabilitation is dependent on patient movement performance analysis, current strategies for monitoring rehabilitation progress are based on subjective time-consuming assessment scales, not often applied.", "Therefore, a need exists for efficient nonsubjective monitoring methods.", "Wearable monitoring devices are rapidly becoming a recognized option in rehabilitation for quantitative measures.", "Developments in sensors, embedded technology, and smart textile are driving rehabilitation to adopt an objective, seamless, efficient, and cost-effective delivery system.", "This study aims to assist physiotherapists' clinical reasoning process through the incorporation of accelerometers as part of an electronic data acquisition system.", "A simple, low-cost, wearable device for poststroke rehabilitation progress monitoring was developed based on commercially available inertial sensors.", "Accelerometry data acquisition was performed for 4 first-time poststroke patients during a reach-press-return task.", "Preliminary studies revealed acceleration profiles of stroke patients through which it is possible to quantitatively assess the functional movement, identify compensatory strategies, and help define proper movement.", "An inertial data acquisition system was designed and developed as a low-cost option for monitoring rehabilitation.", "The device seeks to ease the data-gathering process by physiotherapists to complement current practices with accelerometry profiles and aid the development of quantifiable methodologies and protocols." ]

[ "An influential view in philosophy and linguistics equates the meaning of a sentence to the conditions under which it is true.", "But it has been argued that this truth-conditional view is too rigid and that meaning is inherently gradient and revolves around prototypes.", "Neither of these abstract semantic theories makes direct predictions about quantitative aspects of language use.", "Hence, we compare these semantic theories empirically by applying probabilistic pragmatic models as a link function connecting linguistic meaning and language use.", "We consider the use of quantity words (e.g., \"some,\" \"all\"), which are fundamental to human language and thought.", "Data from a large-scale production study suggest that quantity words are understood via prototypes.", "We formulate and compare computational models based on the two views on linguistic meaning.", "These models also take into account cognitive factors, such as salience and numerosity representation.", "Statistical and empirical model comparison show that the truth-conditional model explains the production data just as well as the prototype-based model, when the semantics are complemented by a pragmatic module that encodes probabilistic reasoning about the listener's uptake." ]

[ "An innovative teaching strategy was designed to prepare undergraduate nursing students for their dosage calculations assessment.", "An interactive virtual escape room presented students with the opportunity to help discharge their patient from the hospital.", "Within Google Forms, nurse educators created a branching storyline where the answers selected determined the path the students would take to meet the learning objectives." ]

[ "An integrative cooperation of different healthcare professional is a key component for high quality health services.", "With an aging population and many with long-term conditions, more health tasks and follow-up care are being transferred to primary care and locally where people live.", "Interprofessional collaboration among providers of different professional designations will be of increasing importance to optimizing primary care capacity in years to come.", "There is a call for further exploration of models of interprofessional collaboration that might be applicable in Norwegian primary care.", "The aim of this study was to explore experiences of interprofessional collaboration between primary care physicians and nurses working in primary care by applying an intervention for people with type 2 diabetes.", "Specifically, this study was designed to strengthen and gain deeper insight into interprofessional collaboration between primary care physicians and nurses in primary care settings.", "We applied Interpretive Description as a research strategy.", "The participants within this study were primary care physicians and nurses from four different primary care practices in the western and eastern parts of Norway.", "We used semi-structured telephone interviews for collecting the data between January and September 2021.", "The analysis revealed two key features of the primary care physicians and the nurses experience with interprofessional collaboration in primary care practices.", "The first involved managing the influence of discrepancies in their expectations of IPC and the second involved becoming aware of the competence they developed that allowed for better complementarity consultation.", "This study indicates that interprofessional collaboration in primary care practice requires that primary care physicians and nurses clarify their expectations and, in turn, determine how flexible they can become in changing their usual primary care practices.", "Moreover, findings reveal that nurses and primary care physicians had discrepancies in expectations of how interprofessional collaboration should be carried out in primary care practice.", "However, both the nurses and primary care physicians appreciated the blending of complementary competencies and skills that facilitated a more collaborative care practice.", "They experienced that this interprofessional collaboration represented an essential quality improvement in the primary care services.", "The trial is registered 03/09/2019 in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04076384)." ]

[ "An observational study was carried out in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia to determine the occurrence of dental anomalies among Arabian children.", "The study included children of Saudi nationality with primary teeth.", "The study assessed the prevalence of dental anomalies in their primary dentition.", "The assessment and data collection were conducted by a single examiner, utilizing clinical examination and intra-oral radiographs.", "A comparative analysis was conducted to examine dental anomalies in relation to gender (boys and girls) and arch type (maxillary and mandibular).", "In addition, the study explored the occurrence of gender-specific dental anomalies depending on arch type.", "The data analysis was conducted using IBM Statistics (version 21.0) with a significance level of p < 0.05.", "In total, there were 245 children included in the final analysis.", "The study population consisted of boys (66%) and girls (34%), with an average age of 4.87 ± 0.9 years.", "Taurodontism was the most prevalent dental abnormality, occurring in 2.8% of the individuals in the study sample.", "The study sample exhibited hypodontia in 2%, supernumerary teeth in 2.4%, double teeth in 2%, and microdontia in 1.2%.", "Talon cusp and macrodontia have a relatively low incidence of 0.4%.", "Boys exhibit supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, talon cusp, and taurodontism, whereas hypodontia and double teeth were more frequent in girls." ]

[ "An open question regarding how people develop their models of the world is how new candidates are generated for consideration out of infinitely many possibilities.", "We discuss the role that evolutionary mechanisms play in this process.", "Specifically, we argue that when it comes to developing a global world model, innovation is necessarily incremental, involving the generation and selection among random local mutations and recombinations of (parts of) one's current model.", "We argue that, by narrowing and guiding exploration, this feature of cognitive search is what allows human learners to discover better theories, without ever grappling directly with the problem of finding a \"global optimum,\" or best possible world model.", "We suggest this aspect of cognitive processing works analogously to how blind variation and selection mechanisms drive biological evolution.", "We propose algorithms developed for program synthesis provide candidate mechanisms for how human minds might achieve this.", "We discuss objections and implications of this perspective, finally suggesting that a better process-level understanding of how humans incrementally explore compositional theory spaces can shed light on how we think, and provide explanatory traction on fundamental cognitive biases, including anchoring, probability matching, and confirmation bias." ]

[ "An outbreak of hepatitis A is ongoing in Portugal, with 71 confirmed cases from 7 October 2023 to 24 April 2024.", "Most cases are male, aged 18-44 years, with many identifying as men who have sex with men (MSM) and reported as suspected sexual transmission.", "Phylogenetic analysis identified the subgenotype IA, VRD 521-2016 strain, last observed in an MSM-associated multi-country outbreak in 2016 to 2018.", "We wish to alert colleagues in other countries to investigate potential similar spread." ]

[ "An undergraduate research project gives prosthetic and orthotic (P&O) students the chance to acquire both foundational research knowledge and in-depth knowledge in a specific area of interest in P&O research.", "Undergraduates frequently enter the field of research with less experience or understanding of research instruments, presenting them with significant obstacles when conducting research.", "This study's objective was to establish a framework for undergraduate research training in prosthetics and orthotics education.", "Using narrative qualitative methodology, 4 successive phases of research were conducted.", "Phase I: A document analysis was conducted to determine the presence of research training in Thailand's undergraduate P&O curriculum taught in 2021; phase II: document analysis of student P&O program feedback reports using manifest content analysis; phase III: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis of lecturer P&O program feedback reports; and phase IV: data sets from phases I, II, and III were applied to the formulation of a unifying framework.", "Using grounded theory's three-stage thematic analysis-open, axial, and selective coding-data were analyzed.", "The novel organizational research framework is presented as the result and conclusion of the study.", "The framework for enhancing this important foundational research program at the undergraduate level was derived through discussion with colleagues and based on the results and discussion from this investigation.", "Although the framework for undergraduate research training was designed for use by the undergraduate prosthetics and orthotics program in Thailand, it is believed to be applicable and relevant to P&O education worldwide." ]