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1850 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerin%20kasashen | Jerin kasashen | A Afghanistan Afirka ta kudu Albaniya Aljeriya Amurka (Majalisar Jihohin) Andorra Angola Antigua da Barbuda Argentina Armeniya Aruba Asturaliya Austriya Azerbaijan
B Bahamas Baharain Bangladash Barbados Belarus Belize Beljik Benin Bermuda Bhutan Birtaniya (Majalisar Mulki) Bolibiya Bosniya da Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgairiya Burkina faso Burundi
C Cadi Chile (Cile) Colombia Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire (Gabar ta hauren) Cuba Cyprus (Kubrus)
D Denmark Dominika Jamhuriyar Dominika
E Ecuador (Ekwado) Ginen Ekweita El Salvador Eritrea Ethiopia (Habasha)
F Falasdinu Faransa Tsibiran ta Faroe Fiji Filipin (Filifin) Finland
G Gabon Gambiya Ghana Gine Gine Bisau Girka Grenada Guatemala Guyana
H Haiti Holand (Netherland/Netherlandiya) Honduras Hungariya
I Iceland (Island) Indiya Indonesiya Iran Irak Ireland Isra'ila Istoniya Italiya
J Jamaika Jamus Japan Jibuti Georgia Jordan (Urdun)
K Kambodiya Kameru Kanada Cabo Verde Kazakystan Kazech Kenya Kiribati Komoros Koriya ta Arewa Koriya ta Kudu Kroatiya Kuwait Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango Jamhuriyar Kwango Kyrgystan
L Laitfiya Laos Lebanon Lesotho Liberiya Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania (Lithuaniya) Luksamburg
M Madagaskar Malawi Maldives (Maladewa) Maleziya (Malaysiya) Mali Malta Mangolia (Mongoliya) Tsibiran ta Marshall Masadoiniya ta Arewa Mauritius Mexico Jihohin Tarayyan Mikronesiya Misra Moldova Monaco (Monako) Montenegro Marokko Mozambik Muritaniya (Mauritaniya) Myanmar
N Namibiya Nauru Nepal Nijar Nijeriya Nikaragua Niue Norway
O Oman
P Pakistan Palau Panama Papua Sabuwar Gini Paraguay Peru Poland Portugal Puerto Rico (Porto Riko)
Q Qatar
R Rasha Romainiya Rwanda
S New Zealand Saint Kitts da Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent da Grenadine Samoa San Marino Sao Tome da Principe Saudiyya Senegal Serbiya Seychelles Sierra Leone Sin (Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin) Singafora Siriya Slofakiya Sloveniya Somaliya Spaniya (Asbaniya/Espaniya) Sri Lanka Sudan Sudan ta kudu Tsibiran ta Sulemanu Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland
T Taiwan (Jamhuriyar Sin) Tajikistan Tanzaniya Taraiyar larabawa (Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa) Thailand Timor-Leste (Timor ta Gabas) Togo Tonga Trinidad da Tobago Jamhuriyar afirka ta tsakiya Tunisiya Turkiyya Turkmenistan Tuvalu
U Uganda Ukraniya Uruguay Uzbekistan
V Vanuatu Vatican (Vatikan) Venezuela Vietnam
Y Yemen
Z Zambiya Zimbabwe Zirin Gaza
Kasashe
nds:Land#Länner
sv:Världsgeografi#Lista över |
18953 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammam | Dammam | Dammam Larabci Ad Dammām babban birni ne na lardin Gabashin Saudiyya Dammam shine birni mafi girma a cikin Yankin Gabas. Shine birni na biyar mafi girma a Saudi Arabiya. Yana daga cikin yankin Dammam. Yana da mahimmin cibiyar kasuwanci da tashar jirgin ruwa Filin jirgin saman Sarki Fahd (KFIA) yana arewa maso yammacin garin. Tashar Ruwa ta Sarki Abdul Aziz ta Dammam ita ce mafi girma a kan Tekun Fasiya Kasuwancin shigo da shi zuwa cikin kasar shine na biyu zuwa tashar jirgin ruwan Jeddah.
garin Damam sananne ne da kasancewa babbar cibiyar gudanarwa na masana'antar mai na Saudiyya. Dammam shine babban yankin babban birni na Dammam, wanda kuma aka sani da yankin Greater Dammam, wanda ya ƙunshi 'Biranen Triplet' na Dammam, Dhahran, da Khobar Yankin yana da yawan jama'a 2,190,900 kamar na 2022 kuma yana da alaƙa da birni ta hanyar zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da alaƙar al'adu. Garin yana girma cikin sauri na musamman na 12% a shekara mafi sauri a Saudi Arabia, GCC, da kuma Larabawa Tun daga 2016, Greater Dammam shine yanki na huɗu mafi girma na birni ta yanki da yawan jama'a a cikin Majalisar Haɗin gwiwar Gulf Yankin da a ƙarshe ya zama Dammam, ƙabilar Dawasi ce ta zauna a shekara ta 1923, tare da izinin Sarki Ibn Saud Asalin yankin ya kasance wurin kamun kifi kuma an haɓaka shi zuwa yanayin da yake ciki a cikin rabin karni jim kaɗan bayan gano mai a yankin, a matsayin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da cibiyar gudanarwa Tare da hadewar Saudiyya, an mai da Dammam babban birnin sabuwar lardin Gabashin da aka kafa.
Filin jirgin sama na King Fahd International Airport (KFIA) ne ke kula da yankin na Dammam da sauran yankunan Gabas, filin jirgin sama mafi girma a duniya dangane da filin fili (kimanin 780 kusan 31 km (19 mi) arewa maso yammacin birnin. Tashar ruwa ta Sarki Abdul Aziz ta Dammam ita ce mafi girma a Tekun Fasha, zirga-zirgar shigo da kayayyaki ta biyu bayan tashar tashar Islama ta Jeddah mai tarihi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka MENA Damam kuma memba ne a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafa Makamashi ta Duniya (WECP).
Dammam birni ne, da ke a Gabashin Lardin Saudiyya, a gabar Tekun Farisa Ita ce babban birnin lardin Gabas kuma birni na uku mafi girma a Saudiyya. Shi ne birni mafi girma a Lardin Gabas kuma na shida mafi girma a cikin Masarautar. Birnin Dammam shine cibiyar gudanarwa na yankin Dammam Metropolitan Area, wanda ya hada da garuruwan Al Khobar da Dhahran.
Tarihi An kafa Dammam a shekara ta 1923 a karkashin kabilar Al Dawasir da ta yi hijira daga Bahrain bayan da sarki Abdul Aziz ya ba su damar zama a cikin yankin. Kabilar ta fara zama a Khobar, wanda aka zaba saboda kusancinta da tsibirin Bahrain kamar yadda kabilar ta yi fatan komawa can nan ba da dadewa ba, amma turawan Ingila sun yi musu taurin kai. Duk da haka, wannan ya ba wa al'ummar Khobar daga kai, tare da kulla alaka ta kut da kut da babban birnin Dammam.
Nema da gano mai (1932-1940s) Shirin hakar rijiyoyin mai a Dammam ya fara ne a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1933 A Jeddah, lokacin da gwamnatin Sarki Abd al-Aziz Al Saud da wakilan Kamfanin Mai na Standard na California suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar rangwamen mai. An aika da tawagar masanan kasa zuwa Dammam. Sun kammala shirinsu na rijiyoyin a farkon watan Yuni 1934. Aikin rumbun ajiyar na'urar hakar ma'adinai na farko a Damam ya fara kusan a watan Janairun 1935, kuma ya ƙare a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu a 1935. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1935, an fara aikin hako rijiyar mai ta 1 a Dammam. Lokacin da Dammam No. 1 bai haifar da sakamako mai ban sha'awa ba, aikin da aka yi a kan shi ya tsaya a ranar 4 ga Janairu 1936, kuma Dammam No. 2 ya hako. Saboda kyakkyawan sakamakon da aka samu, an yi shirin hako rijiyoyi 5 a kewayen Dammam mai lamba 2. Tsakanin watan Yuni zuwa farkon watan Satumba na shekarar 1936, an sa ido sosai kan samar da dukkan wadannan atisayen, kuma yawancinsu ba su da dadi. Ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1936, an fara aikin a Damam No. 7. Da farko hakowar ba ta haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako ba. Duk da haka, a ranar 4 ga Maris 1938, Rijiyar No.7 ta fara samar da adadin mai. Saudi Aramco, ta haƙa shahararriyar rijiyar Dammam mai lamba 7, wadda a yanzu ta keɓe rijiyar wadata, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa masarautar ta mallaki iskar gas mai yawa
Matakin girma cikin sauri (1940-1960s) An gano rijiyoyin mai na baya-bayan nan a kusa da Dammam a cikin shekarun 1940 zuwa 50, wanda a yanzu ya kai kashi 25% na arzikin man da aka tabbatar a duniya., ya haifar da haɓakar gine-gine. Iyalan Al Bin Ali karkashin jagorancin Sheikh Muhammad bin Nasir Al Bin Ali da 'yan uwansa sun taka rawar gani wajen ci gaban gari da ma yankin a fagage daban-daban. Kamfaninsu, Al Bin Ali da Brothers, shi ne kamfanin gine-gine na farko na Saudiyya wanda ya shiga aikin fadada Aramco. da dama daga cikin ayyukan da suka yi shi ne hanyoyin da suka hada Dammam zuwa rijiyoyin mai na arewa, babbar hanya 40, wadda ta hada Dammam zuwa Riyadh Yanzu ana kiranta kawai hanyar Dammam, da kuma fadada tashar tashar Sarki Abdul Aziz Hakan ya sa masana da kwararru daga ciki da wajen masarautar suka taru don taimakawa wajen farautar sabbin rijiyoyin mai da kuma kawo su a kai. An kuma gina sabbin bututun mai, da wuraren ajiyar kaya, da jirage masu saukar ungulu don sarrafa tankunan ruwa.
Masana'antun sabis sun tsiro don tallafawa masana'antar da kuma biyan buƙatu da buƙatun daidaikun mutane da ke zaune a cikin sabon yanki na birni. Kamar yadda yake a sauran sassan masarautar, Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta kafa asibitocin zamani da dama da cibiyoyin kula da lafiya a yankin Damam. Ana samun ƙarin asibitoci da asibitocin da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke gudanarwa.
Hotuna
Manazarta Biranen Saudiyya
Biranen Asiya
Birane
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11235 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youssef%20Msakni | Youssef Msakni | Youssef Msakni an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1990) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Tunisiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger ko gaba ga kulob din Qatar Stars League Al Arabi, a kan aro daga Al-Duhail, da kuma tawagar kasar Tunisia.
Msakni ya buga wasanni sama da 80 kuma ya ci wa Tunisia kwallaye 17.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
ES Tunis Bayan ya shafe aikinsa a matsayin sa na matashi a Stade Tunisien, Msakni ya koma Espérance Sportive de Tunis a watan Yuli shekara ta 2008.
Ya buga wasansa na farko tare da ES Tunis a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2009, a ranar farko ta kakar 2009 zuwa 2010, da Olympique Béja. Ya shiga filin wasan a minti na 79 na wasa a madadin Henri Bienvenu Ntsama. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, Msakni ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a wasansa na uku da AS Kasserine a minti na 54 na wasan da suka ci 4-0.
A ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2011, ya lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na CAF, yana kammala na biyu a gasar da kwallaye biyar, a bayan Wydad Casablanca dan wasan Fabrice Ondama, wanda ya zira kwallaye shida.
A ranar 30 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 2012, ya lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta Tunisiya a karo na hudu, inda ya lashe kambun wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar kwallon kafa ta Tunisia da kwallaye 17. A cewar Goal.com, Msakni shi ne na 48 mafi kyawun dan wasan kwallon kafa a kakar wasa ta shekarar 2012 a dukkan kasashen duniya, musamman saboda irin rawar da ya taka a karkashin launi na kulob dinsa ko na kasar. A lokacin lokacin canja wuri, yawancin kungiyoyin Faransanci, ciki har da Paris Saint-Germain, Lille OSC, AS Monaco da FC Lorient, amma a ranar 3 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2012 dan wasan tsakiya ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da kulob din Qatari Stars League Lekhwiya SC amma ya koma kulob din a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2013.
Lekhwiya and Al Duhail A ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta 2013, Msakni ya zama dan wasan kulob din Qatar Lekhwiya SC na tsawon shekaru hudu da rabi; jimlar cinikin ya kai dinari miliyan 23 kwatankwacin Yuro miliyan 11.5, wanda ya zama tarihi na dan wasan Afrika.
A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a minti na 28, tare da tawagarsa ta lashe 4-0 a kan Al-Wakrah SC. A ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu, Msakni ya tabbatar da taka rawar gani a gasar zakarun Turai ta AFC da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a minti na 33, wanda ya baiwa kungiyarsa damar lashe 2-1. A cikin Maris shekarar 2013, Msakni aka bayar da rahoton coveted da hudu na Ingila clubs: Newcastle United, Arsenal, Everton da kuma Tottenham. Wannan karuwar sha'awar ta sa shugabannin kulob din Qatar su sake duba batun sakin dan wasan ta hanyar kara farashinsa. A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, ya ci Kofin Yariman Katar na shekarar 2013 a kan Al Sadd bayan ya ci wa kungiyarsa kwallo ta uku a ci 3–2.
A rikitarwa farkon kakar 2013 zuwa 2014, a lokacin da ya zira kwallaye 7 a raga a cikin wasanni 12 na gasar, kafofin watsa labaru na Qatar sun haɗa shi da tashi zuwa Ukrainian zakarun Shakhtar Donetsk.
An fara kamfen na Asiya a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2014 don Msakni da takwarorinsa: sun yi adawa da tawagar Bahrain Hidd SCC a zagaye na biyu na gasar zakarun AFC na shekarar 2014; sun samu nasara a wasan da ci 2-1, ciki har da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na Tunisia. Bayan mako guda, Lekhwiya SC ta fafata a zagaye na uku na share fage na wannan gasa da kulob din Kuwaiti SC, inda takwarorinsa biyu na Tunisia Issam Jemâa da Chadi Hammami suka buga. Msakni ya zura kwallo a raga kuma ya taimaka biyu.
Bayan da tawagar ta canza suna daga Lekhwiya zuwa Al Duhail, ya samu tayi daga Olympique de Marseille da kungiyoyin wasa La Liga amma ya fi son ya zauna a Qatar da kuma wasa a Turai bayan 2018 FIFA World Cup.
A ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2018, an ba da rahoton cewa Msakni ba zai buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta bazara a Rasha ba bayan da aka cire shi na tsawon watanni shida saboda rauni a gwiwa. An danganta Msakni da tafiya zuwa kulob din Premier League na Brighton & Hove Albion a cikin Disamba 2018. A cikin Janairu shekara ta 2019 ya koma kan lamuni zuwa Belgian First Division A gefen KAS Eupen.
Ayyukan kasa A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba 2009, ya sami kiransa na farko zuwa tawagar kasar Tunisia daga koci Faouzi Benzarti don wasan sada zumunci da Gambia a shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2010. A ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2010, a Stade El Menzah. Ya shiga fili ne a minti na 35 bayan raunin da Oussama Darragi ya samu.
A ranar 25 ga Fabrairun 2011, ya lashe gasar CHAN tare da Tunisia a kan Angola da ci 3–0; ya zura kwallo daya a raga a wannan gasa, a karawar da suka yi da Angola amma a wannan karon a matakin rukuni.
A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2017, Msakni ya ci hat-trick a kan Guinea a wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na 2018.
CAN 2010 Msakni ya buga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka na farko yana dan shekara 19 kacal kuma ya taba zama a kungiyar Benzarti. A wasan farko da Zambia, ya ba wa Zouheir Dhaouadi kwallo mai mahimmanci, inda ya ba shi kwallon da ya zura kwallo a raga. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fafata da Gabon, kuma Chaouki Ben Saada ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 67. Duk da haka, bai shiga cikin kawar da tawagarsa da Kamaru ba.
CAN 2012 A wasan farko da Morocco, ya zura kwallo a minti na 75 na wasa inda ya kawar da abokan hamayyarsa biyu, inda ya zura kwallo daya bayan daya kafin daga bisani ya zura kwallo a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, wanda hakan ya baiwa Tunisia damar lashe wasan da ci 2-1. A wasa na biyu da Nijar, ya bude kwallo a minti na hudu da fara wasa inda ya wuce ta hannun abokan hamayya uku kafin ya shiga fili ya ci dama; Tunisiya ta ci 2-1 sannan ta tsallake zuwa matakin daf da na kusa da na karshe a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta 2012. Wasan na uku ya yi wa Tunisia wahala inda ta sha kashi a hannun Gabon da ci 0-1. Wasan daf da na kusa da karshe tsakanin Tunisia da Ghana lokacin da Tunisia ta fitar da ita daga gasar.
CAN 2013 Bayan samun cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2013 da Saliyo, Msakni yana cikin rukunin a Afirka ta Kudu. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairu, a wasan farko na rukunin D da Aljeriya, ya zura kwallo a minti na 90 ta hanyar kawar da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na mita 25 da aka zura a ragar Raïs M'Bolhi, wanda ya baiwa 'yan Tunisiya damar lashe wasan da ci 1-0). An zabe shi a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi kowa zura kwallo a raga a gasar. A wasa na biyu kuma, Msakni da takwarorinsa sun yi rashin nasara da ci 0-3 a kan Ivory Coast. A wasan karshe na rukuni-rukuni, Tunisia ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Togo, kuma ta zo ta uku a rukunin D.
CAN 2015 Msakni ya halarci gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta 2015 a Equatorial Guinea, inda ya buga wasan farko da Cape Verde inda ya maye gurbin Wahbi Khazri a minti na 82. Ya buga cikakken wasan da tawagarsa ta doke Zambia da ci 2-1. Ya kasance wanda ya maye gurbin a wasan karshe a matakin rukuni da DR Congo inda ya maye gurbin Mohamed Ali Yacoubi a minti na 104 a karin lokaci da Equatorial Guinea a wasan kusa da na karshe. Tunisiya ta sha kashi da ci 1-2.
CAN 2017 Msakni ya taka rawa sosai wajen samun tikitin shiga gasar bayan ya zura kwallo a ragar Togo a Monastir. Ya kuma kasance daya daga cikin ‘yan wasan da ke kan gaba a rukunin bayan da ya ba da taimako a wasansu da Algeria a minti na 50 inda suka ci 2-1 da zira kwallo a ragar Zimbabwe a minti na 22 da ci 4-2. Tuni dai Tunisia ta yi waje da Burkina Faso a wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe bayan ta sha kashi da ci 0-2.
Rayuwa ta sirri Msakni ƙani ne ga ɗan wasan ƙasar Tunisiya Iheb, kuma ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan Stade Tunisien Mondher Msakni ne.
A ranar 4 ga Yuli 2017, Msakni ya auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo 'yar Tunisiya kuma abin koyi Amira Jaziri.
Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki
Kulob/Ƙungiya
Ƙasashen Duniya Maki da sakamako jera kwallayen Tunisiya na farko, shafi na nuna maki bayan kowace burin Msakni Girmamawa Tunisiya
Gasar cin Kofin Afirka a matsayi na hudu: 2019
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya
Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
19642 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhtar%20Ansari | Mukhtar Ansari | Mukhtar Ansarian haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da uku 1963) Miladiyya.(A.c)dan damfara ne da ya juye da siyasa daga Uttar Pradesh.An zabe shi a matsayin dan Majalisar Dokoki daga mazabar Mau har sau biyar tare da tikitin Jam’iyyar Bahujan Samaj.
Rayuwar farko Mukhtar Ansari jika ne ga Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, shugaban ƙasar Indiya na farko.
A farkon shekara ta 1970s, gwamnati ta ƙaddamar da ayyukan ci gaba da yawa a yankin Poorvanchal da ke baya. Wannan ya haifar da haɓakar ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke gasa da juna don karɓar kwangilar waɗannan ayyukan. Mukhtar Ansari asalinsa dan kungiyar Makhanu Singh ne. A cikin shekarun 1980, wannan gungun sun yi arangama da wani gungun da Sahib Singh ke jagoranta, kan wani fili a Saidpur, wanda kuma ya haifar da jerin tashin hankali. Brijesh Singh, memba na ƙungiyar Sahib Singh, daga baya ya kafa ƙungiyarsa kuma ya karɓi mafia na aikin Ghazipur a cikin shekara ta 1990s. Ansari ta ƙungiya gasa da shi ga iko da 100 crore kwangila kasuwanci, wanda spanned bangarori kamar ci karafa, Railway yi, ya da dashi, jama'a aiki, da kuma sayar da giya kasuwanci. Har ila yau, ƙungiyoyin sun kasance cikin gudanar da kariya goonda tax") da raket ɗin ɓarna, ban da sauran ayyukan laifi irin su sace mutane.
Farkon aikin siyasa Zuwa farkon shekarun 1990, Mukhtar Ansari ya shahara sosai da ayyukan ta'addanci, musamman a gundumomin Mau, Ghazipur, Varanasi da Jaunpur. Ya shiga siyasa a kusan 1995 ta ƙungiyar ɗalibai a jami'ar Banaras Hindu University, ya zama MLA a 1996, kuma ya fara ƙalubalantar mamayar Brijesh Singh. Su biyun sun zama manyan abokan hamayyar ƙungiya a cikin yankin Poorvanchal. A cikin 2002, Singh ya yi wa ayarin motocin Ansari kwanton ɓauna. Uku daga cikin mutanen Ansari aka kashe a sakamakon harbe-harben. Brijesh Singh ya ji mummunan rauni kuma ana zaton ya mutu. Ansari ya zama shugabar ƙungiya ta baƙinciki a Poorvanchal. Koyaya, daga baya an gano Brijesh Singh yana raye, kuma rikicin ya sake komawa. Don magance tasirin siyasa na Ansari, Singh ya goyi bayan yakin neman zaben shugaban BJP Krishnanand Rai Rai ya doke dan uwan Mukhtar Ansari da kuma MLA Afzal Ansari sau biyar daga Mohammadabad a zaben Majalisar Dokokin Uttar Pradesh na 2002. Daga baya Mukhtar Ansari ya yi ikirarin cewa Rai yayi amfani da ofishinsa na siyasa don bayar da duk kwangilolin ga ƙungiyar Brijesh singh, kuma su biyun sun shirya kawar da shi. Ansari yayi amfani da bankin musulmi don tabbatar da nasarar shi yayin zaɓen a yanƙin Ghazipur Mau Abokan adawar kokarin ƙarfafa da Hindu kuri'u, wanda aka raba a kan caste Lines. Cakuda laifuka, siyasa, da addini sun haifar da wasu rikice-rikicen kabilanci a yankin. Bayan irin wannan rikici, an kama Mukhtar Ansari kan laifin tunzura mutane zuwa tashin hankali. Yayin da Ansari yake gidan yari, an harbe Krishnanand Rai a bainar jama'a tare da mataimakansa shida. Maharan sun harba sama da harsasai 400 daga bindigogin AK-47 guda shida; An gano harsasai 67 daga gawarwakin bakwai tare da taimakon Ramashrey Giri. Shashikant Rai, mashahuri a cikin shari'ar, an same shi mutu a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki a cikin shekara ta 2006. Ya gano Ansari da Bajrangi masu harbi Angad Rai da Gora Rai a matsayin 'yan bindiga biyu da suka kai wa ayarin Rai hari. 'Yan sanda sun yi watsi da mutuwarsa a matsayin kashe kansa. Kishiyar Ansari Brijesh Singh ta tsere daga yankin Ghazipur-Mau bayan kisan Rai. Daga baya an kama shi a cikin 2008, a Orissa, sannan daga baya ya shiga siyasa a matsayin memba na Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party A cikin shekara ta 2008, an yi wa Ansari rajista saboda ba da umarnin a kai hari kan Dharmendra Singh, mai ba da shaida a shari’ar kisan kai. Koyaya, daga baya, wanda aka azabtar ya gabatar da takardar rantsuwa yana neman a dakatar da shari'ar akan Ansari. A ranar 27 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2017, an wanke Ansari daga kisan kai. A ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2018, Ansari da matarsa sun kamu da ciwon zuciya yayin da suke kurkuku.
Jam'iyyar Bahujan Samaj Mukhtar Ansari tare da dan uwansa Afzal sun shiga jam'iyyar Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) a 2007. Theungiyar ta ba su izinin shiga, bayan da suka yi ikirarin cewa an ƙirƙira su da ƙarya a cikin shari'o'in aikata laifuka don yaƙi da "tsarin mulkin ƙasa", kuma ta yi alƙawarin kauracewa shiga kowane irin laifi. Shugaban BSP ɗin Mayawati ya bayyana Mukhtar Ansari a matsayin Robin Hood kuma ya kira shi "malakin talakawa". Ansari ya yi yaƙi da zaɓen Lok Sabha na 2009 daga Varanasi akan tikitin BSP, yayin da yake har yanzu yana gidan yari. Ya sha kaye a hannun Murli Manohar Joshi na BJP da tazarar kuri’u 17,211; ya sami kashi 27.94% na ƙuri'un, idan aka kwatanta da Joshi mai kashi 30.52%.
An gurfanar da Mukhtar Ansari da wasu mutane biyu a gaban ƙuliya bisa kisan Kapil Dev Singh a watan Afrilun 2009. ‘Yan sanda sun kuma gano cewa ya ba da umarnin kisan wani dan kwangila Ajay Prakash Singh a watan Agustan 2009. A cikin 2010, Ansari aka yi masa rajista don kisan Ram Singh Maurya. Maurya ta kasance shaida a kisan Mannat Singh, wani dan kwangila na cikin gida da ake zargin ƙungiyar Ansari ta kashe a shekarar 2009. BSP sun kori 'yan uwan biyu a cikin 2010 bayan jam'iyyar ta fahimci cewa har yanzu suna cikin aikata laifuka. Wani samame da aka kai a gidan yarin Ghazipur, inda ya sauka, ya nuna cewa Mukhtar yana rayuwa cikin jin daɗi: an gano abubuwa kamar na'urar sanyaya iska da kayan girki daga ɗakin da yake ciki. An canza shi zuwa kurkukun Mathura jim kaɗan bayan harin.
Quami Ekta Dal Bayan an kore su daga BSP kuma wasu jam'iyyun siyasa suka ki su, 'yan uwan Ansari ukun (Mukhtar, Afzal, da Sibkatillah suka kafa ƙungiyar siyasarsu mai suna Quami Ekta Dal (QED), a cikin 2010. Tun da farko, Mukhtar ya ƙaddamar da wata kaya mai suna Hindu Muslim Ekta Party, wacce aka haɗata da QED. A cikin 2012, an zarge shi a ƙarƙashin Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act don kasancewa memba na ƙungiyar aikata laifuka. A watan Maris na 2014, Ansari ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai sake tsayawa takara a zaben Lok Sabha na shekarar 2014 da Narendra Modi daga Varanasi kuma ya sha kaye a can da babban banbanci, ban da yin takara daga Ghosi Koyaya, a watan Afrilu, ya janye takararsa yana mai cewa yana son hana raba "kuri'un mutane".
Koma cikin BSP A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun 2017, Ansari ya sake komawa cikin Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), kafin zaben majalisar dokokin Uttar Pradesh na shekarar 2017. Akwai jita-jita game da 'yan uwan Ansari da suka shiga jam'iyyar Samajwadi' yan watannin da suka gabata. Shugaban BSP, Mayawati ya kare shigarsa jam’iyyar, inda ya bayyana cewa ba a tabbatar da tuhumar da ake yi wa Ansari ba, kuma jam’iyyar ta ba mutane dama su gyara kansu. A karshe,Ansari ya haɗu da Quami Ekta Dal tare da BSP a cikin 2017, kuma ya ci zaɓen jihar a matsayin ɗan takarar BSP daga kujerar majalisar Mau. Ya kayar da abokin karawarsa Mahendra Rajbhar na Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party (abokin kawancen BJP) da kuri’u 6464.
Ayyukan zaɓe
Manazarta Mutanen Indiya
Mutanen Asiya
Pages with unreviewed |
27489 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehema%20Nanfuka | Rehema Nanfuka | Rehema Nanfuka (an Haife shi 25 May 1986) yar fim ce ta Uganda, gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ƴar wasan talabijin, darekta, kuma mai shirya fina-finai da aka sani da rawar da ta taka a Imani, Veronica's Wish, Imbabazi, Haunted Souls, Hanyar da Muke Balaguro, Sarauniyar Katwe, Imperial Blue a tsakanin sauran fina-finan.
Ta lashe lambar yabo mafi kyawun Darakta a bikin 2018 na Uganda Film Festival Awards, inda ta zama darektan mace ta farko da ta taba samun lambar yabo a cikin wannan rukunin a kowace ƙungiyoyin bayar da kyaututtuka a Uganda.
Sana'a
Fim da Talabijin Rehema ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a Mira Nair's Maisha Film Lab's 2008 Production, Downcast inda ta taka matar aure. Matsayinta na ficewa a matsayin Maryama kuyanga a Imani ta sami lambobin yabo guda biyu; lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka don Mafi Kyawun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a 2010 raba nasara tare da Chelsea Eze da Kyautar Kyautar Jaruma Mafi Kyau a Bikin Fina-Finan Afirka na Cordoba, Spain a 2010. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy Award don Mafi kyawun Fim a Harshen Afirka Rehema kuma samu amincewa daga Iri-iri mai zargi Boyd Van Hoeij wanda ya rubuta, "Rehema Nanfuka, kamar yadda wani hushi baranya a karo na biyu-mafi kyau kashi, ya burge tare da ta m ji na mutunci." da kuma The Hollywood Reporter mai sukar Neil Young ya rubuta, "Nanfuka da Buyi suna yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma suna jure wa haruffan da ba a rubuta ba." A cikin 2013 ta fito a cikin Joel Karekezi Imbabazi, The Pardon, wani fim game da kisan kiyashin Rwanda inda aka zabe ta a matsayin mafi kyawun lambar yabo a Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khoribga, Morocco 2015.
Rehema ta fito a matsayin Suzanna a cikin Yat Madit a cikin 2016 tare da Gladys Oyenbot da Michael Wawuyo Jr.. Don wannan rawar, ta sami lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo TV a bikin Fim na Uganda a 2017.
Nanfuka ta jagoranci fim din Veronica's Wish da ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2018 wanda ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun darakta a bikin fina-finai na Uganda 2018 a Kampala, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo a Uganda. Fim din ya kuma samu wasu kyaututtuka guda takwas daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa goma sha biyu.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo A fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ayyukan Rehema na farko sun kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da aka shirya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa. Ta yi tauraro a matsayin Lady Macbeth a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Macbeth kuma ta sami yabo mai mahimmanci ga wasanta daga mai sukar Daily Monitor Brian Magoba da The Observer critic Polly Komukama ya rubuta, "Rehema Nanfuka ta sanya mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin muguwar Lady Macbeth." A cikin 2015, ta buga Dorra da Kate a cikin Jikin Mace a matsayin Filin yaƙi a cikin Yaƙin Bosnia wasan kwaikwayo na Matei Visniec da Judith Adong 's Ga-Ad! Sauran sanannun abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da The Laramie Project, Tropical Fish (littafin), Jean Paul Sartre's No Exit, Kawai ni ku da shiru da Kogin da dutse.
Rehema ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan murya a cikin Shanu tana Bukatar Mata, wasan kwaikwayo da aka watsa a shirin BBC African Performance a shekarar 2010. An nuna labarin Rehema akan Asu Kuma a matsayin mai zane mai zane Rehema da ta fito a cikin shirin Goethe Institut na Afirka magana. Ta zama zakara a gasar Kampala Slam 2013. Rehema ta kuma sami tallafi na tallace-tallace na Airtel Uganda, Airtel Malawi, Milkman Uganda, da ECO Bank Uganda.
Rehema ta taka Lisa Borera a cikin wani fim mai zuwa Kafa Coh da Nkinzi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Nana Kagga mai zuwa, Reflections Ilimi Rehema ta tafi Makarantar Sakandare ta Kibuli, sannan Jami'ar Makerere, jami'a mafi tsufa a Uganda inda ta sami digiri a kan Kasuwancin Duniya. Ita kuma tsohuwar ɗalibar Maisha Film Lab.
Naɗin sarauta da kyaututtuka
Fina-finai
Fim
Talabijin
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
Kasuwanci
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html
Magana Ƴan Fim
Mutanen Uganda
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
25443 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boo | Boo | Boo ko BOO na iya nufin to:
Wurare Boo (Aller), Ikklesiya a Asturias, Spain
Boo, daidaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayanin ƙungiyar taurari Boötes
Boo, Ghana, wani gari ne a gundumar Lawra a Yankin Babban YammaciDeja
Boo, Guinea, a gundumar Nzérékoré; duba Jerin makarantu a Ghana
Boo, Sweden, yanki a cikin gundumar Stockholm
Filin jirgin saman Bodø a Norway, lambar filin jirgin saman IATA BOO
Tsibirin Boo, West Papua, Indonesia
Tasha Lambar tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Bogor
Mutane Boo (name), a list of people with the given name, nickname or surname
Betty Boo (born 1970), English singer, songwriter and pop rapper Alison Moira Clarkson
Gangsta Boo (born 1979), American rapper
Sabrian "Boo" Sledge, half of the American hip hop duo Boo & Gotti
Ben Okello Oluoch, Kenyan politician and host of the radio program Kogwen gi BOO
Arts, nishaɗi, da kafofin watsa labarai
Halayen almara Boo (hali), halin fatalwa a cikin jerin Mario
Boo (Sonic the Hedgehog hali), halin fatalwa a cikin jerin "Sonic the Hedgehog"
Boo, hamster mallakar Minsc a ƙofar Baldur, kuma hali a Megatokyo
Boo, hali a cikin jerin shirye -shiryen talabijin na Malaysia mai suna Boo & Me
Boo, hali a cikin manga da anime Crayon Shin-chan
Boo, jariri ɗan adam a cikin fim mai rai Monsters, Inc.
Boo, sunan barkwanci na Carrie Black a Orange Is the New Black
Boo! (zane mai ban dariya), hali a cikin wasan ban dariya na Burtaniya The Dandy wanda Andy Fanton ya kirkira
Majin Boo, halayyar anime da manga a cikin Dragon Ball
Boo Radley, hali a cikin labari Don Kashe Mockingbird da daidaita shi
Boo, halin taken a cikin <i id="mwTw">Boo!</i> (Jerin talabijan)
Fina -finai <i id="mwVA">Boo</i> (fim), fim mai ban tsoro na shekara ta 2005
BOO: Ofishin Sauran Ayyuka, fim mai rai
<i id="mwWg">Boo!</i> (Fim na 1932), fim mai ban dariya na shekara ta1932
<i id="mwXQ">Boo!</i> (Fim na 2018), fim mai ban tsoro na 2018
Boo! A Madea Halloween fim mai ban tsoro na ban tsoro na 2016
Boo 2! A Madea Halloween wani fim mai ban tsoro na 2017 mai ban tsoro.
Kiɗa <i id="mwaQ">Boo!</i> (album), ta Was (Ba Ya)
Boo! (band), ƙungiyar Afirka ta Kudu
Haihuwar Osiris, mawaƙin ƙarfe mai nauyi na Amurka
Talabijin <i id="mwcg">Boo!</i> (Jerin talabijan) Jerin yaran Burtaniya na 2003 2006
"Boo" <i id="mwdQ">CSI: NY</i> labarin 2007
"Boo" <i id="mweA">Dark Angel</i> wani labari na 2001
"Boo!" <i id="mwew">Frasier</i> episode 2004
"Boo!" <i id="mwfg">Roseanne</i> a 1989
Sauran amfani a cikin zane -zane, nishaɗi, da kafofin watsa labarai <i id="mwgw">Littafin</i> (littafin), na Pat Conroy
Kwamfuta da fasaha Boo (yaren shirye -shirye)
.boo, tsarin rikodin binary zuwa rubutu
Harsuna Yaren Boo, na yaren Teke-Ebo ko Tsakiyar Teke, ana magana da shi a Kongo da Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo
Yaren Boko (Benin), wanda kuma ake kira yaren Boo
Harshen Bomu, wanda kuma ake kira Boo, ko Yammacin Bobo Wule
Yaren Bozo, ISO 639 code boo, ana magana da shi a Mali
Sauran amfani Boo (kare) (2006–2019)
Boô, zubar da shanu na Saxon
"Boo", ajalin soyayya
Better Off Out, wani kamfen na siyasa
Toshewar mafitsara
Boo FF, kulob din ƙwallon ƙafa na Sweden a Boo, Stockholm
Boo.com, kamfanin sutura
Gina Kayan Aiki, wani nau'i na aikin samar da kayayyakin more rayuwa
Duba kuma Babban Boo (disambiguation)
BO2 (rashin fahimta)
Boo Boo (rashin fahimta)
Harshen Boo (rarrabuwa)
Boos (rashin fahimta)
Buga |
30587 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranar%20Muhalli%20ta%20Duniya | Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya | Ana bikin ranar muhalli ta duniya WED kowace shekara a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, kuma ita ce babbar hanyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don ƙarfafa wayar da kan jama'a da daukar matakan kare muhalli. An fara gudanar da shi a cikin shekara ta 1974, ya kasance dandalin wayar da kan jama'a game da al'amuran muhalli kamar gurbatar ruwa, yawan jama'a, dumamar yanayi, ci da kuma laifukan namun daji. Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya dandamali ne na duniya don wayar da kan jama'a, tare da halartar sama da ƙasashe 143 a kowace shekara. Kowace shekara, shirin ya ba da jigo da dandalin tattaunawa don kasuwanci, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, al'ummomi, gwamnatoci da mashahuran mutane don ba da shawara game da muhalli.
Tarihi Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa ranar muhalli ta duniya a shekara ta 1972 a taron Stockholm kan muhallin dan Adam (5-16 Yuni 1972), wanda ya samo asali daga tattaunawa game da hadewar hulɗar ɗan adam da muhalli. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin shekara ta 1974 an gudanar da AURI na farko tare da taken "Duniya Ɗaya Kaɗai". Ko da yake ana gudanar da bukukuwan ranar Laraba a kowace shekara tun daga shekara ta 1974, a cikin shekara ta 1987 an fara ra'ayin juya tsakiyar waɗannan ayyuka ta hanyar zabar ƙasashe daban-daban.
Garuruwan masu masaukin baki An gudanar da bukukuwan ranar muhalli ta duniya (kuma za a gudanar da su) a garuruwa kamar haka:
Jigogi na shekara-shekara da manyan ayyuka da nasarori Kusan shekaru biyar da suka wuce, Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya tana wayar da kan jama'a, tallafawa ayyuka, da kuma haifar da sauye-sauye ga muhalli. Anan ga jerin mahimman abubuwan da aka cimma a cikin tarihin WEDs:
2005 Taken ranar muhalli ta duniya ta 2005 shine "Biranen kore" kuma taken shine "Tsarin Duniya!" 2006 Taken ranar Laraba 2006 shi ne Hamada da Hamada kuma taken shi ne "Kada ku yi hamada bushes". Taken ya jaddada mahimmancin kare bushes An gudanar da babban bukukuwan kasa da ƙasa na ranar muhalli ta duniya 2006 a Aljeriya 2007 Taken ranar Muhalli ta Duniya na 2007 shine "Narke Kan Kankara Taken Zafi?" A lokacin Shekarar Polar Duniya, WED 2007 ta mayar da hankali kan tasirin da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa a kan muhallin iyaka da al'ummomi, a kan sauran wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ta lulluɓe a duniya, da sakamakon tasirin duniya.
An gudanar da babban bikin kasa da kasa na WED 2007 a birnin Tromsø, Norway, wani birni a arewacin Arctic Circle Masar ta fitar da tambarin aikawa da sako na ranar muhalli ta duniya ta 2007.
2008 Mai masaukin baki don Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya 2008 ita ce New Zealand, tare da babban bikin ƙasa da ƙasa da aka shirya don Wellington Taken na 2008 shine CO <sub id="mwAVc">2</sub>, Kick the Habit! Zuwa Ƙananan Tattalin Arzikin Carbon Kasar New Zealand ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen farko da suka yi alƙawarin cimma matsaya na kawar da gurbatar yanayi, kuma za ta mai da hankali kan kula da gandun daji a matsayin wani makami na rage gurbacewar iska Lambun Botanic na Chicago ya kasance mai masaukin baki na Arewacin Amurka don Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya a ranar 5 ga Yuni na shekara ta 2008.
2009 Taken ranar RANAR 2009 shine 'Duniyar ku tana Bukatar ku Haɗa kai don Yaƙar Sauyin Yanayi', kuma an ayyana 'Waƙar Duniya' ta Michael Jackson 'Waƙar Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya'. An gudanar da shi a Mexico.
2010 'Nau'i da yawa. Duniya Daya. Gaba ɗaya', shine jigon 2010.
Ya yi bikin bambancin rayuwa a duniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shekara ta 2010 na shekarar rarrabuwar halittu ta duniya. An gudanar da shi a Rwanda An shirya dubban ayyuka a duk duniya, tare da tsaftace bakin teku, kide-kide, nune-nunen, bukukuwan fina-finai, abubuwan al'umma da sauransu. Kowace nahiya (sai dai Antarctica tana da "birni mai masaukin baki", Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zabi Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania a matsayin mai masaukin baki ga duk Arewa.
2011 Ranar muhalli ta duniya ta 2011 ta kasance Indiya ce ta karɓi baƙuncin. Wannan ne karo na 1 da Indiya za ta karbi bakuncin wannan rana. Taken na 2011 shine 'ForestsYanayin A Sabis ɗinku'. An shirya dubban ayyuka a duk duniya, tare da tsaftace bakin teku, kide-kide, nune-nunen, bukukuwan fina-finai, al'amuran al'umma, dashen bishiyoyi da ƙari mai yawa.
2012 Taken Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya ta shekara ta 2012 shine Green Tattalin Arziki. Taken yana da nufin gayyatar mutane don bincika ayyukansu da salon rayuwarsu kuma su ga yadda manufar "Tsarin Tattalin Arziƙi" ya dace da shi. Kasar da ta karbi bakuncin bikin na bana ita ce Brazil.
2013 Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya yi la'akari da dumbin almubazzaranci da asarar abinci a kowace shekara, wanda idan aka kiyaye shi, zai saki abinci mai yawa tare da rage sawun carbon gaba ɗaya. Gangamin na da nufin kawo wayar da kan jama'a a kasashen da ke da salon rayuwa da ke haifar da almubazzaranci da abinci. Har ila yau, da nufin ba mutane damar yin zaɓi na gaskiya game da abincin da suke ci don rage tasirin muhalli gaba ɗaya saboda samar da abinci a duniya. Ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin bikin na bana ita ce Mongoliya.
2014 Jigon RANAR 2014 ita ce Shekarar Ƙasashen Duniya na Ƙasashen Ci Gaban Ƙananan Tsibirin (SIDS). Ta zabar wannan jigon babban taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya yi niyya don bayyana ƙalubalen ci gaba da nasarorin SIDS. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya ta mayar da hankali kan dumamar yanayi da tasirinta a matakan teku. Taken ranar LARABA 2014 shine "Ka ɗaga muryarka ba matakin teku ba", kamar yadda Barbados ta shirya bukukuwan duniya na bugu na 42 na Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya. Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nada dan wasan kwaikwayo Ian Somerhalder a matsayin jakadan fatan alheri na WED 2014.
2015 Taken bugu na 2015 na Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya shine "Mafarki Biliyan Bakwai. Duniya Daya. Yi amfani da Kulawa". An dauki taken ne ta hanyar kada kuri'a a shafukan sada zumunta. A Saudi Arabiya, mata 15 sun sake yin amfani da buhunan filastik 2000 don yin zanen bangon bango don tallafawa WED 2015. A Indiya, Narendra Modi ya shuka shukar Kadamb don murnar ranar muhalli ta duniya da wayar da kan Muhalli. Italiya ita ce kasar da ta karbi bakuncin bugu na 43 na WED. An gudanar da bukukuwan a matsayin wani ɓangare na Milan Expo kewaye da jigo: Ciyar da Duniya Makamashi don Rayuwa.
2016 An shirya 2016 WED a ƙarƙashin taken "Ku tafi daji don rayuwa". Wannan bugu na WED na nufin ragewa da hana haramtacciyar fataucin namun daji. An zaɓi Angola a matsayin ƙasar da ta karbi bakuncin 2016 WED yayin taron COP21 a Paris.
2017 Taken na 2017 shine 'Haɗa mutane zuwa yanayi a cikin birni da ƙasa, daga sanduna zuwa ƙasa'. Ƙasar da ta karbi bakuncin ita ce Kanada.
2018 Taken na 2018 shine "Beat Plastic Pollution". Ƙasar da ta karbi bakuncin ita ce Indiya. Ta hanyar zabar wannan batu, ana fatan mutane za su yi ƙoƙari su canza rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum don rage nauyin gurɓataccen filastik Ya kamata mutane su kasance masu 'yanci daga dogaro da yawa akan amfani guda ɗaya ko abubuwan da za'a iya zubar dasu, saboda suna da mummunan sakamako na muhalli. Ya kamata mu 'yantar da wurarenmu, namun daji da lafiyarmu daga robobi. Gwamnatin Indiya ta yi alkawarin kawar da duk wani amfani da filastik a Indiya nan da 2022.
2019 Taken na 2019 shine "Beat Air Pollution". Kasar da ta karbi bakuncin ita ce kasar Sin An zabi wannan batu yayin da gurbacewar iska ke kashe mutane kusan miliyan 7 a duk shekara. A tsibirin Réunion, Miss Earth 2018 Nguyễn Phương Khánh daga Vietnam ta gabatar da jawabinta a lokacin ranar muhalli ta duniya mai taken "Yadda za a yaki dumamar yanayi 2020 Taken na 2020 shine "Lokaci don yanayi", kuma an shirya shi a Colombia tare da haɗin gwiwar Jamus Colombia tana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe megadiverse a duniya kuma tana rike da kusan kashi 10% na halittun duniya Tun da yake wani yanki ne na gandun daji na Amazon, Colombia tana matsayi na farko a cikin nau'in tsuntsaye da nau'in orchid kuma na biyu a cikin tsire-tsire, butterflies, kifi mai ruwa, da masu amphibians.</br>
2021 Ranar 5 ga watan Yuni ne ake bikin ranar muhalli ta duniya. Taken na 2021 shine "Mayar da Tsarin Halitta", kuma Pakistan za ta karbi bakuncin. A wannan taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma za a kaddamar da Restoration na Ecosystem na shekaru goma.
Wakar Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya An rera wakar Duniya da mawaki Abhay K ya rubuta domin murnar Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya. Our cosmic oasis, cosmic blue pearl
the most beautiful planet in the universe
all the continents and all the oceans united we stand as flora and fauna
united we stand as species of one earth
different cultures, beliefs and ways
we are humans, the earth is our home
all the people and the nations of the world
all for one and one for all
united we unfurl the blue marble flag. An kaddamar da wakar ne a watan Yunin shekarar 2013 a yayin bikin ranar muhalli ta duniya da Kapil Sibal da Shashi Tharoor, ministocin kungiyar hadin gwiwa na Indiya suka yi, a wani taron da majalisar huldar al'adu ta Indiya ta shirya a New Delhi. Ƙungiyar Habitat For Humanity tana tallafawa.
Duba kuma Ranar Arbor
Ranar Duniya
Ranar Tsaftace Kasa
Ranar Tsaftace Ta Duniya
Fihirisar labaran muhalli
Jerin kwanakin muhalli
Jerin zanga-zangar muhalli
Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya 2019
2008, 2009
Taken Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya 2018
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
60635 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameer%20Shahul | Ameer Shahul | Ameer Shahul marubuci dan kasar Indiya ne kuma masanin muhalli wanda ya yi fice wajen yaki da Unilever acikin Kodaikanal mercury guba. Littafinsa na farko wanda ba na almara ba mai suna Heavy Metal: Yadda Pan Macmillan ya buga Kodaikanal mai guba a cikin 2023. Ya kasance yana da hannu tare da ƙungiyoyin kore a Indiya tun daga 2002 kama daga fashewar jirgi zuwa gurbatar masana'antu da yaƙin kashe kashe kashe kashe da sauyin yanayi.
Articles with hCards
Shahul yayi aiki tare da GreenPeace tun 2002 akan yaƙin neman zaɓe na yaƙi da gurɓataccen mercury ta Unilever a Kodaikanal, gurɓacewar masana'antu da kamfanin FMCG yayi a tashar tudun Tamil Nadu, wanda aka sani da guba na mercury Kodaikanal. Ya jagoranci kungiyoyin al'amuran jama'a da tsoffin ma'aikata don tilasta wa kamfanin tattara tan 290 na sharar mercury da aka zubar a cikin da kewayen wurin masana'antar tare da mayar da shi Amurka don yin ritaya na dindindin a 2003. Wannan mataki na aikewa da sharar gida daga kasashe masu tasowa zuwa kasashen da suka ci gaba, kafafen yada labarai sun yaba da shi da cewa 'kiran juji'. Shahul tare da masu fafutuka kamar Navroz Mody sun jagoranci ƙungiyoyin muhalli da na gida wajen fafutukar neman gyara wurin, kuma sun ƙaddamar da bincike daga Ma'aikatar Makamashin Atomic ta Gwamnatin Indiya, wanda ya gano cewa matakan mercury acikin yanayin Kodaikanal. ya kasance har sau 2640 fiye da abin da aka samu a yanayin al'ada. Shahul ya kuma jagoranci gungun masu fafutuka da masu sa kai don yin taron shekara-shekara na kungiyar Hindustan Unilever a Mumbai a 2003 da 2004.
Ya kuma yi kamfen a kan ayyukan fasa jirgin ruwa a gabar tekun Indiya don zubar da shara masu haɗari, da kuma yaƙi da amfani da ruwa na ƙasa da zubar da sharar da Coca-Cola ke yi a Kerala da aka fi sani da gwagwarmayar Plachimada Coca-Cola. Ya kuma kawo lura da mafi munin lamarin da ya faru na wani kamfani mallakar jihar da ke cigaba da kera DDT da aka haramtawa duniya.
Marubuci Acikin 2023, Pan Macmillan ya buga littafinsa mai suna, Heavy Metal: Yadda Kamfanin Global Corporation ya Guba Kodaikanal. Deccan Herald ya bayyana littafin a matsayin labari mai kakkausar murya na wani bala'i', yayin da Malayala Manorama ta kira shi a matsayin babban abin da ya faru na bala'in masana'antu, da kuma juriya mai kore. Layin Kasuwanci ya bayyana littafin a matsayin 'mai kyau mai nuni don kasancewa a kan tsaro da kuma adana yanayin.' The Financial Express (Indiya) ta kira shi binciken shari'a kan gazawar kamfanoni da ƙa'idoji, yayin da New Indian Express ya bayyana shi a matsayin littafi na musamman wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani kuma mai gamsarwa ba kawai bala'i ba, har ma da sakamakonsa. The Indian Express ta bayyana littafin a matsayin 'kyakkyawan lissafin silima na kwadayin kamfanoni da gwagwarmayar tabbatar da adalci a Indiya.' Da yake kwatanta littafin a matsayin 'karanta mai mahimmanci', Open (mujallar Indiya) ta ce "ta dauki Unilever fiye da shekaru 15 don biyan ma'aikatan da abin ya shafa wata tunatarwa ce kan tsadar irin wadannan kurakurai".
Acikin hirarsa da The Hindu Sunday Magazine An ambato Ameer Shahul yana cewa "kamfanonin masana'antu, irin su Unilever, za'a iya daukar nauyinsu da gaske kawai tare da taimakon kimiyya da bayanai."
A wata hira da yayi da The Wire (Indiya) yace 'dukkan alheri da mugunta suna tattare da mutane. Mutane sunfi son junansu bisa al'adarsu, tarbiyyarsu, da yanayinsu'.
Acikin hirarsa da jaridar Down to Earth (mujalla) Shahul ya ce, “Kamfanonin da ke hulda da albarkatun kasa masu haɗari ko kuma samar da kayayyakin amfanin gona masu haɗari na bukatar sa ido sosai daga mahukunta, waɗanda kungiyoyin sa kai na gida ke taimaka musu. Yakamata a tabbatar da bin diddigi na lokaci-lokaci akan albarkatun kasa da sharar fage kuma a yi shi tare da sa hannun al'ummar yankin don tabbatar da cewa jami'an da sukayi kuskure ba a kai su ga masu gudanar da masana'anta ba. Kasashen da ke sayar da albarkatun kasa ga wasu kasashe suna da alhakin mayar da sharar da ake samu daga albarkatun kasa."
A wata hira da yayi da makala ta 14 ya ce, “A kokarinmu na samun ci gaban tattalin arziki’, muna yin sulhu da abubuwa da dama, kuma mafi sauki daga cikinsu su ne muhalli da albarkatun kasa. Wannan shine abin da muke ci gaba da gani. Kasarmu tana cike da irin wadannan misalan, ko gurbacewar masana’antu ko gurbatar yanayi da magungunan kashe qwari da sinadarai ke haifarwa, da dai sauransu. Matukar mutane za su bi abin da muke kira 'ci gaban tattalin arziki', dukkanmu mun zama masu son zuciya, da son kai."
Acikin wata hira da BooksFirst, an ambato shi yana cewa "Ba duk mafita ba ne za a daidaita. Abin da ya yi wa ɗayan adalci ba zaiyi wa ɗayan adalci ba. Acikin lokuta irin wannan (Kodaikanal mercury guba) inda aka aikata wani zalunci, ko da gangan ko kuma ba da gangan ba, ƙuduri na iya kasancewa tare da wadanda abin ya shafa. Don haka, ƙudurin shine don tallafawa da ramawa har zuwa wanda aka azabtar na ƙarshe. Dangane da babban laifin da ya shafi yanayin halittu, ya kamata a yi gyaran ƙasa, ƙasa da iska tare da yin aiki don sake farfado da flora da fauna na ƙarshe acikin yanayin yanayin da ke fuskantar barazanar wanzuwar sa saboda baƙin ƙarfe mai guba."
Duba kuma Kodaikanal mercury poisoning
Plachimada Coca-Cola struggle
Heavy Metal: How a Global Corporation Poisoned Kodaikanal
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje https://www.ameershahul.com/
https://media.greenpeace.org/archive/Unilever-Mercury-Action-in-India-27MZIFXMJD5.html
Rayayyun |
32498 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansila | Kansila | Kansila memba ne na majalisar Ƙaramar hukuma a wasu ƙasashe.
Kanada Saboda ikon da lardunan ke da shi a kan gwamnatocin gundumominsu, sharuɗɗan da kansilolin ke yi ya bambanta daga lardi zuwa lardi. Ba kamar yawancin zaɓen larduna ba, ana gudanar da zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi akan ƙayyadadden kwanan wata na shekaru 4.
Finland Wannan game da matsayi na girmamawa ne, ba zaɓaɓɓu ba.
A Finland ɗan majalisa neuvos shine mafi girman laƙabi na girmamawa wanda shugaban ƙasar Finland zai iya ba shi Akwai muƙamai da yawa na kansiloli kuma sun wanzu tun zamanin mulkin Rasha. Wasu misalan kansiloli daban-daban a Finland sune kamar haka:
Kansila na Jiha babban aji na mukaman girmamawa; aka ba wa 'yan jiha masu nasara
Kansilan Ma'adinai /Majalisar Kasuwanci/Majalisar Masana'antu/Majalisar Tattalin Arziki An ba wa manyan masana'antu a fagage daban-daban na tattalin arziki.
Kansilan Majalisa an ba wa masu jihadi masu nasara
Kansila na ofis an ba da shi ga manyan jami'a
Kansilan Al'adu/ Kansilan gidan wasan kwaikwayo/Majalisar Fim an ba da shi ga manyan masu al'adu
Chamber Councillor an ba wa jami'an da suka yi nasara a fannin kananan hukumomi
Philippines A ƙarƙashin dokar jamhuriyar Philippine mai lamba 7160 (in ba haka ba ana kiranta da ƙa'idar ƙananan hukumomi ta 1991), ɗan majalisa memba ne na ƙaramar majalisa wanda shine majalisar dokokin ƙaramar hukumar. Ana kiran su da sunan "Memba na Sanggunian" saboda sunan hukuma na gundumomi, birni da larduna shine daidai lokacin a cikin Filipino (ana amfani da shi koda lokacin magana ko rubutu cikin Ingilishi): Sanggunian Bayan, Sanggunian Panglunsod da Sanggunian Panlalawigan, bi da bi.
Ƙasar Ingila Zaɓaɓɓun kansiloli ne ke kula da dukkan ƙananan hukumomi a Burtaniya Waɗannan sun haɗa da:
hukumomin unitary
ƙananan hukumomi da gundumomi
Ikklesiya, gari da majalisar al'umma
Majalisar gama gari ta birnin Landan (wanda ake san kansila da aldermen da majalisa)
A cewar Debrett's Correct Form taken Ingilishi "Majalisa" (sau da yawa an rage shi zuwa 'Cllr') yana aiki ne kawai ga zaɓaɓɓun membobin birni, gundumomi. Duk da haka, babu wani dalili na doka game da wannan ƙuntatawa kuma a aikace ana amfani da laƙabi ga duk kansiloli a kowane mataki na ƙananan hukumomi. Inda ya cancanta, Ikklesiya da kansilolin gundumomi suna bambanta ta hanyar amfani da cikakken suna kamar "kansilan gari" ko "kansilan gunduma". Laƙabin yana gaba da matsayi ko wani matsayi, kamar yadda yake a cikin Cllr Dr Jenny Smith ko Cllr Sir Ricky Taing, kuma ga mata yana gaba da laƙabin matsayin aure, kamar yadda yake a cikin Cllr Mrs Joan Smith. Kansiloli galibi ana zaɓar su ne a matsayin membobin jam’iyyun siyasa ko kuma a madadin masu zaman kansu. Haka nan majalissar za ta iya zabar kansilolin da ba a zabe su ba domin cike gurbi a majalisar da ba a samu isasshen ƴan takara ba, duk da cewa a aikace wannan ba kasafai ba ne a wajen majalisun Ikklesiya. Da zarar an zaɓe su, ana son su wakilci dukkan mazaunan da ke ƙarƙashin hukumar baki ɗaya, ba wai waɗanda suka zaɓe su kaɗai ba ko kuma na gunduma ko unguwa da aka zaɓe su. An ɗaure su da ƙa'idar ɗabi'a da aka aiwatar da allunan ƙa'idodi.
A cikin 2007 Dokar Gudanar da Zaɓe ta 2006 ta rage yawan shekarun kansiloli zuwa 18, wanda ya kai ga matasa tsayawa.
Kansilolin matasa Ƙungiyoyin da ke zama memba na Majalisar Matasan Biritaniya, kamar Salford Youth Council ana zaɓen kansilolin matasa a cikin ƙananan hukumomi.
Ladan kuɗi Yawancin 'yan majalisa ba ƙwararru ba ne na cikakken lokaci.
A Ingila, Wales da Arewacin Ireland mafi girman gundumomi, ikon yanki ko majalisun gundumomi suna biyan su alawus da kuma kuɗaɗen aljihu Bugu da ƙari, ana biyan alawus-alawus na alhaki na musamman ga kansilolin da ke gudanar da manyan ayyuka. Abubuwan alawus-alawus na musamman ana biyan su bisa ƙa'ida don ramawa kansiloli na lokacin da aka kashe a kan ayyukan kansila kuma ana sanya su a matsayin albashi don dalilai na haraji. Ikklesiya, gari ko kansilolin al'umma na iya, tun daga Dokar Ƙaramar Hukuma ta 2000, a biya su don ayyukansu, amma yawancin suna yin ta ne da son rai.
A Scotland, tun daga 2007, 'yan majalisa sun karɓi albashin 15,000, saɓanin jerin alawus. Yawancin lokaci ana cika waɗannan da alawus na alhaki na musamman.
Gwamnatin yanki Majalisar Landan ana ɗaukarta, ba a matsayin ƙaramar hukuma ba, amma a matsayin majalisa mai rabe- raben yanki kuma ana kiran mambobinta a matsayin membobin Majalisar, ba kansiloli ba.
Amurka Memba na majalisa, kansila ƴar majalisa, kansila, ko kansila laƙabi ne ga memba na majalisa da ake amfani da shi a Amurka. Musamman, ana amfani da taken shi a cikin waɗannan lokuta:
Majalisun gari ko na gari waɗanda ba sa amfani da taken alderman
Majalisar gundumar Columbia
Sauran kasashe A Ostiraliya, Bahamas, Kanada, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, Botswana, Trinidad da Tobago da sauran sassan Commonwealth, da kuma a Jamhuriyar Ireland, dan majalisa ko kansila shine zababben wakili a majalisar ƙaramar hukuma A cikin Netherlands, ana kiran memba na majalisar gundumomi gemeenteraadslid ko raadslid Wani daga cikin wannan rukunin da aka zaɓa ya zama shugaban zartarwa na birni ana kiransa wethouder, wanda galibi ana fassara shi da 'alderman' ko 'majalisa'. Kalmar Holland don magajin gari shine burgemeester Ana bayyana wannan a Turanci a matsayin "mai gari" ko burgomaster Babban jami'in gundumar ana kiransa gaba ɗaya azaman Kwalejin van Burgemeester en Wethouders A Belgium, ana kiran memba na majalisar gundumomi gemeenteraadslid a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland, da Conseiller Communal a cikin Faransanci. Wani daga cikin wannan rukunin da aka zaɓa don yin aiki a kan zartarwa na birni ana kiransa schepen a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland ko échevin a Faransanci. Yawancin lokaci ana fassara wannan a matsayin "alderman" ko "councillor" a cikin Ingilishi. Babban jami'in gundumar ana kiransa gaba ɗaya azaman Kwalejin van Burgemeester en Schepenen ou Collège du Bourgmestre et Echevins A Luxembourg, an échevin Luxembourgish German memba ne na gudanarwar al'ummar Luxembourgian A Norway, memba na gundumar majalisa, kommunestyret, ana kiransa kommunestyrerepresentant a Yaren mutanen Norway. Kalmar Norwegian don magajin gari ita ce ordfører A Hong Kong, ana kuma kiran mambobin majalisar gundumomi a matsayin kansila. Kafin 1999 an san majalissar gundumomi da allunan gundumomi, bayan da aka soke majalisun gundumomi UrbCo da RegCo a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar. Bugu da kari, ana kuma kiran mambobin majalisar a matsayin kansiloli. Daga 1996 zuwa 1998 an san Majalisar Dokoki da sunan "Majalisar Dokoki ta wucin gadi", bayan da aka soke majalisar wucin gadi a watan Yuli 1998.
Ana zaɓen kansiloli iri biyu a zaɓukan ƙananan hukumomi da ake gudanarwa duk shekara biyar a Turkiyya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kansilolin larduna 1,251 da kansilolin ƙaramar hukuma 20,500. Kansilolin gundumomi suna aiki ne a majalisar gundumomi 1,351 da manyan gundumomi 30 na Turkiyya, yayin da ‘yan majalisar larduna ke zama babban majalissar lardi (İl Genel Meclisi) Manazarta Siyasa
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
26888 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinima%20a%20Libya | Sinima a Libya | Sinimar Libya ta kasance tana da tarihi daban daban. Ko da yake an sami ƙarancin samar da fina-finai na gida a Italiyar Libya da Masarautar Libya, wasan cinema ya zama sanannen wurin nishaɗi. Tun daga shekarar 1973 Muammar Gaddafi ya yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa fina-finai. Ko da yake ya karfafa gwiwar yin fim na cikin gida, toshewar da ya yi na cin fina-finan kasashen waje ya sa an rufe gidajen sinima. A cikin rashin zaman lafiya bayan shekara ta 2011 a Libya, fatan sake dawowa da cinema na Libya tare da rashin kayan aiki.
Sinima kafin 1967 Fim na farko da aka fara dauka a kasar Libya shi ne shirin da Faransa ta yi a 1910, Les habitants du desert de Lybie. Italiya, a matsayinta na mulkin mallaka, ta yi wasu gajerun shirye-shirye game da Libya. Libya faɗace-faɗace a lokacin yakin duniya na II aka rufe a Birtaniya, Jamus da kuma Italian newsreels Bayan yakin, kamfanonin mai da hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa sun yi fim ɗin lokaci-lokaci. Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1951, Masarautar Libiya ta yi wasu gajerun fina-finai game da Leptis Magna don karfafa yawon shakatawa. Amma duk da haka Libya ta kasance matalauta kuma an sami karancin shirya fina-finai a kasar. A shekarar 1959 Ma’aikatar Labarai da Guildance ta kafa sashen fina-finai, inda ta zagaya kasar da faifan bidiyo da labarai na milimita 16, kuma ma’aikatar ilimi da ilmantarwa ta shirya wasu fina-finai na ilimi. Duk da ƙarancin samar da fina-finai, cin fim ya shahara sosai a matsayin nishaɗi. An kafa fim ɗin farko na ƙasar tun a shekara ta 1908, ko da yake an ba da rahoton rugujewa bayan mamayar Italiya a Libiya a 1911. Italiyanci sun kafa gidajen sinima, galibi amma ba don masu sauraron Italiya kawai ba, a cikin manyan biranen Libya. Daga shekarun 1940 har zuwa tsakiyar 1960s, Libya tana alfahari da yawan gidajen sinima: a kusa da 14 ko 20 a Tripoli, kuma kusan 10 a Benghazi. Cinema a Tripoli sun hada da filin wasa na Arena Giardino da kuma gidan sinima na Royal, wanda Gaddafi zai canza sunan Al-Shaab (The People).
Sinima ƙarƙashin Gaddafi Gaddafi ya hau mulki a shekarar 1969. Ya ɗauki fina-finan waje tare da tuhuma, game da su a matsayin mulkin mallaka na al'adun Amurka. A baya fina-finan da aka yi a Libya su ne na masu shirya fina-finai na kasashen waje fina-finai kamar Albert Herman 's 1942 A Yank in Libya ko Guy Green ta 1958 Tekun Yashi Fim ɗin farko na Libya, Abdella Zarok na baki-da-fari Lokacin da Fate Hardens Destiny is Hard ya fito a 1972. A cikin 1973 aka kafa Babban Majalisar Cinema, don ɗaukar ikon yin fim da ginin sinima a Libya. An mayar da fina-finan ƙasashen waje zuwa Larabci, kuma ana bukatar su bi tsarin al'adun gwamnati, hade da dokokin addini da kishin ƙasa. Yawancin fina-finai da aka yi a gida sun kasance raye-raye, kuma an inganta yanayin zamantakewa a matsayin manufa don fina-finai na almara. Babban Majalisar Cinema ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekarar 2010. Ya yi rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubuce, a kusa da gajerun fina-finai 20-25, kuma ya taimaka tallafawa ƴan fina-finan fasalin da aka yi a cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980. Gaddafi ya yi amfani da ikon kai tsaye kan shirya fina-finai. Misali, ya sanya ido kan sakin wani fim da Kasem Hwel, mai neman Layla al-Amiriya ya yi Gaddafi ya kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finan Masar. A tsakiyar shekarun 1970 ne gwamnati ta kara daukar nauyin duk gidajen sinima kai tsaye, tare da hana shigo da fina-finai, sannan aka fara rufe gidajen sinima. Tare da Kuwait da Maroko, gwamnatin Gadaffi ta ɗauki nauyin labarin fim na shekarar 1976 da Mustafa Akkad ya yi game da haihuwar Musulunci, Saƙo Duk da haka, yawancin ƙasashen Larabawa ba za su nuna fim ɗin ba, kuma ya haifar da Ƙungiyar Islama ta kewaye gine-ginen ofisoshin uku a Washington, DC Akkad's Lion of the Desert (1981), wanda gwamnatin Gadaffi ta ba da kuɗi, wani fim ne na tarihi wanda ya nuna. da makiyayi shugaban Omar Mukhtar juriya a kan Italian mulkin mallaka na Libya An tace fim ɗin a Italiya har zuwa 2009. A cikin shekarata 2009 an sanar da cewa ɗan Gaddafi, al-Saadi Gaddafi, yana ba da kuɗin tallafin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ke da hannu wajen tallafawa fina -finan Hollywood kamar The Experiment (2010) da Warewa (2011). A cikin shekarar 2009-2010 kamfanonin ƙasashen waje sun amince su sake gyara da bude gidajen sinima da gidajen sinima na Libya. Duk da haka, juyin juya halin 2011 ya haifar da wannan aikin ya tsaya, kuma an sace yawancin kayan aiki.
Sinima daga 2011 Bayan faduwar Gaddafi, an yi sha'awar sake tabbatuwar fina-finan Libiya na kanta. Duk da haka, an kawo cikas ga sake dawo da gidajen sinima ta hanyar fada da adawar Islama. Matasan masu yin fina-finai na Libya sun fara yin gajeren fina-finai, tare da goyon baya daga Majalisar Biritaniya da Cibiyar Nazarin Labaran Scotland. Bukukuwan fina-finai a Tripoli da Benghazi sun shahara amma masu kishin Islama sun kai hari. An kafa bikin Fim na Bahar Rum na Duniya don Takardun Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun da Gajerun Fina-finai a cikin shekarar 2012. A cikin 2013 an kafa kulob na cinema cikin basira a cikin ginshiƙi na gidan kayan fasaha na Tripoli. A shekara ta 2015 gidan fim guda ne kawai ya rage a Tripoli, wurin da maza kawai ke ba da fina-finai ga ƴan bindigar da ke iko da birnin.
A watan Disamba na shekarata 2017 Erato Festival, an kaddamar da bikin fina-finai na fina-finai na kare hakkin bil'adama a Tripoli An bude shi da Docudrama Jasmine na Almohannad Kalthoum.
Manazarta Sinima a Afrika
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20456 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasuwar%20Hannun%20Jari%20ta%20Najeriya | Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Najeriya | Kasuwar hannun jari ta Najeriya (NSE) ita ce kasuwar hadahadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya da aka kafa ta, a shekara ta 1961 a Legas Ya zuwa watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2019, yana da jimillar kamfanoni 161 da aka jera, tare da kamfanoni na gida 8 a kan babban kwamiti, kamfanoni guda 144 a kan babban jirgi, da kuma 4 a kan Hukumar Sauran Kasuwancin Tsaro (ASeM). A cikin Kafaffen Income market, NSE tana da jarin FGN 84, jarin jihohi 21, jarin kamfanoni 27, jakar kudi 1 da kuma jerin abubuwan rubutu 53.
Tarihi An kafa kasuwar hada-hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya a matsayin kasuwar hannun jari ta Legas, a ranar 15 ga watan Satumbar, shekara ta 1960. Akwai masu biyan kuɗi guda bakwai zuwa Memorandum na Exchangeungiyar Exchange: RSV Scott, wakiltar CT Bowring da Co. Nigeria Ltd.; Cif Theophilus Adebayo Doherty John Holt Ltd Kamfanin Zuba jari na Nig. Ltd. (ICON); Yallabai. Odumegwu Ojukwu Cif Akintola Williams da Alhaji Shehu Bukar.
An fara aiki a hukumance a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1961 tare da kuma lambobin tsaro 19 da aka jera don ciniki. Koyaya, ayyuka na yau da kullun sun fara a farkon watan Yuni, shekara ta 1961. An fara gudanar da ayyuka a cikin ginin Babban Bankin tare da kamfanoni hudu a matsayin dillalan kasuwa: Inlaks, John Holt, CT Bowring da ICON (Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Nijeriya). Thearin watan Agusta, shekara ta 1961, ya kai kimanin fam 80,500 kuma ya tashi zuwa kusan fam 250,000 a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar tare da yawancin saka hannun jari a cikin sha'anin tsaro na gwamnati. A watan Disamba shekara ta 1977 ya zama sananne da Kamfanin Kasuwancin Najeriyar, tare da rassa a wasu manyan biranen kasuwancin ƙasar.
Ayyuka Kasuwar hadahadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya tana aiki da wani tsarin kasuwanci kai tsaye (ATS) tun a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 1999, tare da dillalai da ke kasuwanci ta hanyar sadarwar komputa. A cikin shekara ta 2013, NSE ta ƙaddamar da dandalin ciniki na ƙarni na gaba, X-Gen, da nufin ba da damar cinikin lantarki don ɓangarori da ƙungiyoyi. Ciniki akan Musayar yana farawa daga 9.30 na safe kuma yana rufewa da 2.30 na yamma kowane Litinin Jumma'a. Ana fitar da farashin kasuwa, tare da Fihirisar Duk-Share, NSE 30, da ctorididdigar Bangarori a kowace rana a cikin Jerin kididdigar Kasuwanci, Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Nijeriya na CAPNET (kayan intanet), jaridu, da kuma a shafin kasuwar hannun jari na Kamfanin Gudummawar Lantarki na Reuters. Hakanan ana sanya farashin tarihi da bayanan aiwatarwa akan gidan yanar gizon NSE Don karfafa gwiwar saka jari daga kasashen waje zuwa Najeriya, gwamnatin ta soke dokar hana kwararar kudaden kasashen waje zuwa cikin kasar. Wannan ya yarda da kasashen waje dillalai zuwa enlist kamar dillalai a kan Nijeriya Stock Exchange, da kuma masu zuba jari na wani kabila ne free su zuba jari. Hakanan an ba kamfanonin Najeriya dama kuma suna ƙetare kan iyaka a kasuwannin ƙasashen waje.
A wani yunkuri na inganta nuna gaskiya da amana a kasuwar babban birnin kasar, NSE ta sake kirkirar Asusun Kariyar Masu saka jari a shekara ta 2012 Asusun an ba da umarnin ne don ramawa ga masu saka hannun jari wadanda ke fama da asarar kudi wanda ya samo asali daga sokewa ko soke rajistar memba na kasuwanci; rashin kuɗi, fatarar kuɗi ko sakacin memba na ma'amala; ko lalatawa da memba na ma'amala ko wani daraktocinsa, jami'anta, ma'aikata ko wakilai suka aikata.
Dokar Hukumar Tsaron Tsaro da Kasuwanci ta Nijeriya ta tsara NSE.
Indices Musayar tana riƙe da kididdigar Allimar Duk-Raba mai nauyi wanda aka tsara a watan Janairu shekara ta 1984 (Janairu 3, ga watan shekara ta 1984 100). Darajarta mafi girma na 66,371.20 an rubuta ta a ranar 3 ga Maris, shekara ta 2008. Hakanan musayar yana amfani da Fihirisar NSE-30, wanda shine ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, da ƙididdigar sassa biyar. Waɗannan su ne Shafin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin NSE, NSE na Bankin NSE, NSE na Inshorar Inshora, NSE na Masana'antu, da NSE Mai Gas.
Kungiyoyi Kasuwancin Najeriya memba ne na Kungiyar Hadin Gwiwar Duniya (FIBV). Har ila yau, mai sa ido ne a tarurrukan theungiyar Hukumomin Tsaro ta Duniya (IOSCO) da memba mai kafa Kungiyar Masu Sayayya ta Afirka (ASEA). A ranar 31 ga watan Oktoba Oktoba shekara ta 2013, ya shiga cikin Kaddamarwar Canji na karin Kasuwanci (SSE)
Duba kuma Jerin musayar hannayen jari na Afirka
Jerin musayar hannun jari
Jerin musayar hannayen jari a cikin Kungiyar Kasashe
Manazarta Masu saka hannayen jari
Najeriya
Hannayen jari a Najeriya
Tattalin arziki
Kasuwanci
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30502 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sare%20itatuwa%20a%20Australia | Sare itatuwa a Australia | Filaye a Ostiraliya an bayyana kawar da ciyayi da sare itatuwa a Ostiraliya. Filaye ya haɗa da kawar da ciyayi da wuraren zama, gami da zubar da gandun daji na asali, dazuzzuka, savannah, gandun daji da ciyayi na asali da magudanar ruwa na yanayi don maye gurbin noma, birane da sauran amfanin ƙasa.
Filayen ƙasa muhimman batu ne na muhalli a Ostiraliya Gwamnatocin Jihohi ne suka sanya dokar hana fasa filayen. Wannan manufar ta bai wa Ostiraliya damar yin biyayya ga alƙawarin da ta yi na Yarjejeniyar Kyoto Dalilai Abubuwan da ke haifar da share ƙasa gabaɗaya an yarda da su. Sannan Kuma Waɗannan su ne faɗaɗa aikin gona, faɗaɗa abubuwan more rayuwa, hakar itace da haɓaka birane.
Noma Babban abin da ke motsa ƙasa a Ostiraliya shine samar da noma, musamman dabbobi Inda amfanin ƙasa da ruwan sama suka ba da izini, share ƙasa yana ba da damar haɓaka aikin noma da haɓaka ƙimar ƙasa. Kuma Ana ganin share fage a matsayin ci gaba, kuma akwai ra'ayi gabaɗaya cewa an barnatar da ƙasa sai dai idan an bunƙasa shi.
A tarihi, Ƙungiyoyin Commonwealth da gwamnatocin Jihohi sun goyi bayan share fage a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na ingantaccen kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Sannan Kuma Daban-daban na ci gaba na cibiyoyi don aikin noma sun haɓaka ribar tattalin arziƙin daga share fage, tare da ba da filaye masu arha tare da jarin kamfani a cikin nau'ikan lamuni ko rangwamen haraji. Sauran abubuwan ƙarfafawa sun haɗa da Tsarin Matsakaicin Ƙasar Sabis na War, lamunin banki mara ƙarancin ruwa da shirye-shiryen tallafin kuɗi kamar taimakon agajin fari.
Yawancin filayen da aka share a Ostiraliya an haɓaka su don noman shanu, tumaki da alkama. 46.3% na Ostiraliya ana amfani da su don kiwo na shanu a kan ƙananan hamada tare da ciyayi na halitta. Wannan kasa ta bushe sosai kuma ba ta da haihuwa don amfanin noma (ban da wasu kiwo na kangaroo). Wasu daga cikin wannan ƙasar kiwo an kawar da su daga "sharar da itace". 15% na Ostiraliya a halin yanzu ana amfani da su don duk sauran ayyukan noma da gandun daji akan mafi yawan wuraren da aka share. Kuma A New South Wales, yawancin dazuzzukan da suka rage an share su, saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa. Har ila yau, ci gaban birane shine sanadin wasu filaye, kodayake ba babban direba ba. A cikin Babban Birnin Ostiraliya alal misali, ci gaban birane da yawa ya faru akan filayen noma da aka share a baya.
A Tasmania, aikin noma ne ke tura filaye saboda sare dazuzzuka na asali ya ƙi yankin da yake sake bayyanawa.
Gobarar daji a Ostiraliya Gobarar daji a Ostiraliya na faruwa akai-akai a cikin watanni masu zafi na shekara.
Tasiri Filayen ƙasa yana lalata shuke-shuke da muhallin gida sannan kuma yana kawar da abinci da wuraren zama waɗanda sauran nau'ikan na asali suka dogara da su. Sharewa yana ba da damar ciyawa da dabbobi masu cin zarafi don yadawa, yana rinjayar hayakin iskar gas kuma zai iya haifar da lalata ƙasa, irin su yashwa da salinity, wanda hakan zai iya rinjayar ingancin ruwa.
The following table shows the native vegetation inventory assessment of native vegetation by type prior to European settlement and as at 2001-2004. (Given in units of square kilometres)
Yanayin ƙasa Kamar yadda murfin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci ga yanayin ƙasa, sharewar ƙasa yana haifar da matsi mai mahimmanci akan yanayin ƙasa. Kuma Cire ciyayi kuma yana barin ƙasa babu komai kuma yana da rauni ga zaizayar ƙasa. Kwanciyar ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don gujewa lalata ƙasa Zaizayar kasa Lalacewar ƙasa yana da matukar mahimmancin matsin lamba akan yanayin ƙasa saboda yana lalata ciyayi da wuraren zama da kuma hana ciyayi da sauran halittun da ke zaune a cikin ciyayi daga sake dawowa, don haka yana haifar da madauki na "mara kyau". Sannan kuma Tsire-tsire na ƙasa shine tushen samar da abinci mai gina jiki ga ƙasa. Idan an cire ciyayi, akwai ƙarancin kwayoyin halitta da ke samuwa don wargajewa da cika abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa. Fitar da ƙasa ga zaizayar ƙasa yana haifar da ƙara raguwar abubuwan gina jiki yankunan dazuzzukan ya kuma shafi ingancin ruwan da ke kewayen Babban Barrier Reef
Salinity Wani sakamakon sharer ƙasa shine salinity dryland Dryland salinity shine motsin gishiri zuwa saman ƙasa ta hanyar ruwan ƙasa. Kuma A Ostiraliya, akwai gishiri mai yawa da aka adana a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Yawancin ciyayi na Australiya sun dace da ƙarancin yanayin ruwan sama, kuma suna amfani da tsarin tushe mai zurfi don cin gajiyar kowane ruwa da ke ƙasa. Wadannan suna taimakawa wajen adana gishiri a cikin ƙasa, ta hanyar rage yawan ruwan ƙasa don kada gishiri ya tura sama. Kuma Koyaya, tare da share ƙasa, raguwar adadin ruwan da tushen bishiyun ya tashi a baya yana nufin teburin ruwan ya tashi zuwa saman, yana narkar da gishiri a cikin tsari. Salinity yana rage yawan amfanin shuka kuma yana shafar lafiyar koguna da magudanan ruwa. Salinity kuma yana shafar rayuwar tituna da sauran ababen more rayuwa, wanda ke shafar tattalin arziki da sufuri.
Halittar halittu Rushewar nau'ikan 108 (2 dabbobi masu shayarwa 2, tsuntsu 2 da nau'in tsiro 97) an danganta shi da sharewa. ƙasa ya kasance mai nuna matsi na kawar da ciyayi, lafiya da juriyar ciyayi da suka rage suma sun dogara ne akan girman guntuwar da nisan su da juna. Kuma Hakanan gaskiya ne ga nau'ikan da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan gutsuttsuran mazauni Karami kuma mafi keɓance ragowar, mafi girman barazanar daga matsi na waje yayin da iyakokinsu (ko gefuna) suka fi fuskantar tashin hankali. Hakanan matsi yana ƙaruwa tare da nisa tsakanin gutsuttsura.
Canjin yanayi Filayen filaye shine babban tushen hayakin iskar gas na Ostiraliya, yana ba da gudummawar kusan kashi 12 cikin ɗari ga jimillar hayaƙin Australia a shekarata 1998. Cire ciyayi yana lalata microclimate ta hanyar cire inuwa da rage zafi Hakanan Kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi a duniya ta hanyar rage ƙarfin ciyayi don ɗaukar carbon dioxide Har ila yau, share fage na iya zama alhakin rage yawan ruwan sama da kuma yuwuwar kwararowar hamada da kuma zaizayar kasa.
Yanke gandun daji da matsanancin yanayi Ƙungiya ta bincika tasirin yanayi da fari ta hanyar nazarin ruwan sama na yau da kullun da yanayin zafi daga Mark 3 GCM.
Wannan aikin, irinsa na farko, ya nuna karuwa a yawan kwanakin bushewa (<1mm ruwan sama) da kwanakin zafi (mafi yawan zafin jiki> 35). °C), raguwar yawan ruwan sama na yau da kullun da kuma yawan ruwan sama a ranakun damina, da kuma ƙaruwar lokacin fari a ƙarƙashin yanayin da aka gyara. Waɗannan canje-canjen sun kasance masu mahimmanci a ƙididdiga na tsawon shekaru a duk faɗin gabashin Ostiraliya kuma musamman ma an bayyana su a lokacin al'amuran El Niño masu ƙarfi.
Wadannan binciken sun nuna cewa LCC ya kara tsananta yanayin yanayin yanayi da matsanancin yanayi a kudu maso yamma da gabashin Ostiraliya, shiyasa don haka ya haifar da fari mai dorewa kuma mafi tsanani.
Martani Tun daga shekarun 1980, yawan share fage ya ragu saboda canza halaye da kuma fahimtar illolin sharewar. Gwamnonin Queensland da New South Wales sun aiwatar da dokar hana share filaye a cikin shekarata 1990s da farkon shekarar 2000s. Ostiraliya ta kasance kan gaba wajen saran gandun daji, kasa daya tilo da ta ci gaba da yin hakan. Dukansu Queensland da New South Wales suna lura da share ƙasa a kowace shekara ta amfani da hotunan tauraron dan adam a ƙarƙashin Nazarin Landcover da Bishiyoyi na Jiha.
Dokokin sharewa Yanzu ana sarrafa sharewa ta hanyar doka a Yammacin Ostiraliya, Kudancin Ostiraliya, Victoria, New South Wales, da zuwa ƙaramin digiri a Queensland Hanyoyin sarrafa filaye sun sha bamban sosai tsakanin hukunce-hukuncen, kuma duk da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da illar lalacewar filaye, manoma gabaɗaya sun yi adawa da matakan da za a ɗauka.
Dokokin tarayya Ana sarrafa share ƙasa a kaikaice ta hanyar dokar tarayya ta hanyar Dokar Kare Muhalli da Kariyar Halittu ta 1999 (Cth), wacce kuma za ta iya amfani da ita idan akwai nau'ikan da ke da kariya ta tarayya (tsiri ko dabba) ko al'ummomin muhallin da ke cikin haɗari a ƙasar da ake tambaya. Gudanar da wuta Ya danganta da kusanci zuwa babban haɗari ga wuraren kashe gobarar daji a kowace jiha, ana iya amfani da dokar 10/30 ko dokar 10/50. Wannan yana ba da damar yanke bishiyu a cikin mita 10 na gidaje ko share ƙasa a cikin mita 30 ko 50 na gida. Sannan Kuma Wannan yana rage mai don wuta kusa da gidaje wanda ya tabbatar da tasiri tun lokacin aiwatarwa.
New South Wales Tsare-tsare ciyayi a cikin NSW ana tsara shi ta Dokar Sabis na Ƙasa ta shekarar 2013 (NSW) da kuma ta hanyar karewa kan mazaunin nau'ikan barazanar da ke ƙunshe a cikin Dokar Kare Diversity 2016 (NSW). Hakanan ana sarrafa ta ta hanyar sarrafa haɓakawa da Kayan Tsarin Muhalli (EPI) ƙarƙashin dokar tsara amfani da ƙasa, wato Dokar Tsare Tsare da Muhalli 1979 (NSW). Dokar tarayya ta hanyar Dokar Kariyar Muhalli da Dokar Kare Halittu ta shekarar 1999 (Cth) na iya kuma amfani da ita idan akwai nau'ikan da ke cikin barazanar tsaro ta tarayya (tsiri ko dabba) ko al'ummomin muhallin da ke cikin haɗari a ƙasar da ake tambaya. An keɓance nau'ikan da aka keɓe a cikin Dokar Biosecurity 2015 kuma masu mallakar kadarorin za su iya share su a kowane lokaci.
A cewar gwamnatin jihar jihar ta yi asarar kadada 54,000 na ciyayi na itace a shekarar 2019.
Queensland Share ciyayi na asali a cikin Queensland ana tsara shi ta hanyar Dokar Kula da Tsirrai ta shekarata 1999 da Dokar Gudanar da Tsirrai (Regrowth Clearing Moratorium) Dokar a shekarata 2009 Dokar EPBC ta Tarayya kuma na iya aiki (duba sama)
Matsakaicin farashin a Queensland ya ragu daga kololuwa a cikin shekarata 1990s, bayan nasarar yaƙin neman zaɓe daga ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da al'ummomi a duk faɗin Queensland.
Kudancin Ostiraliya Tsare-tsare ciyayi na asali a cikin SA ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar Dokar Tsirrai ta shekarar 1991 (SA). Dokar EPBC ta Tarayya kuma na iya aiki (duba sama).
Kananan hukumomi A cikin birane ko birane, cire bishiyu ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar dokokin majalisa da aka tsara a cikin abin da ake kira odar kiyaye itace (TPO). Wannan tsarin dokokin ya fi dacewa don nuna ƙayyadaddun manufofin tsare gandun daji na birni na majalisa. Sannan Kuma Manufofin gama gari sun haɗa da samar da ingantattun halittu masu koshin lafiya, haɓaka ɗimbin halittu da rage tasirin tsibiri mai zafi ta hanyar riƙe bishiyoyi da shirye-shiryen dashen bishiya. TPO's yawanci zai haɗa da muhimmiyar rajistar bishiyar wacce ke lissafin mutum ɗaya ko ƙungiyoyin bishiyar da aka kare da wuraren da ba za a iya cire su a kowane yanayi ba. TPO's kuma sun zo tare da keɓancewa waɗanda ke ba masu mallakar kadar damar cire bishiyoyi ba tare da izini ba. Kuma Keɓancewa na iya haɗawa da matsakaicin tsayi da yaduwar bishiyoyi waɗanda ke buƙatar izinin majalisa don cirewa da jerin nau'in keɓancewar nau'ikan waɗanda za'a iya cirewa ba tare da la'akari da tsayi da yadawa ba.
Duba wasu abubuwan
Manazarta
Bayanan kula Gidauniyar kiyayewa ta Australiya 2007, An duba 26 Oktoba 2007.
Ofishin Greenhouse na Ostiraliya 2000, Sharer ƙasa: Tarihin zamantakewa, Commonwealth of Ostiraliya, Canberra. An shiga 29 Oktoba 2007.
Benson, JS 1991, Tasirin shekaru 200 na matsugunin Turai akan ciyayi da flora na New South Wales, Cunninghamia, 2:343-370.
Cogger, H, Ford, H, Johnson, C, Holman, J da Butler, D 2003, Tasirin Sharar Kasa akan Dabbobin Australiya a Queensland, Gidauniyar Dabbobin Dabbobin Duniya Australia, Sydney
Ƙungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Commonwealth (CSIRO) 2007, Ƙasa da Ruwa, https://www.clw.csiro.au/issues/salinity/faq.html Archived Laraba 29 Oktoba 2007.
Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Ruwa, Jihar Rahoton Muhalli, duba 26 Oktoba 2007.
Sashen Muhalli da Gado na 2005, Tsarin Ba da Bayanin Tsirrai na Ƙasa (NVIS) Mataki na 1, Siffar 3.0 Manyan Ƙungiyoyin ciyayi, Diamond, Jared, Rugujewa: Yadda Ƙungiyoyin ke Zaɓa don Kasawa ko Nasara, Littattafan Penguin, 2005 da 2011 Duba babi na 13 mai take "Ma'adinai" Ostiraliya (shafi na 378-416).
Giles, D 2007, Damuwar share ƙasa na Jiha, a cikin The Courier-Mail, 28 Oktoba 2007.
Binciken Albarkatun Ƙasa da Ruwa na Ƙasa, Tsire-tsire na yanzu 1998 a cikin Binciken Albarkatun Ƙasa da Ruwa na 2001, Commonwealth of Ostiraliya, duba 29 Oktoba 2007.
Thackway, R Cresswell, ID (eds.) 1995, Tsarin Yanki na Biogeographic na wucin gadi don Ostiraliya: Tsari don saita fifiko a cikin Tsarin Haɗin kai na Tsarin Reserve na ƙasa, Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Australiya, Canberra.
Ofishin Kididdiga na Australiya, www.abs.gov.au, an duba 26 Oktoba 2007.
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
24057 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinx%3A%20The%20Time%20Sweeper | Blinx: The Time Sweeper | An tallata shi azaman "Wasan Farko na Farko na 4D na Duniya", Blinx: The Time Sweeper yana mai da hankali ne kan halin ɗabi'a, cat ɗin anthropomorphic da ake kira Blinx, wanda ke kan manufa don hana ƙarshen B1Q64 na duniya da ceto gimbiya ta daga mugun Tom-Tom Gang. Blinx an sanye shi da TS-1000 Vacuum Cleaner, wanda zai iya yin amfani da iko akan lokaci da kansa ta musamman "Sarrafa Lokaci" guda biyar: rage jinkiri, saurin sauri, yin rikodin ɗan lokaci cikin lokaci, juyawa lokaci, da dakatar da lokaci gaba ɗaya.
Makirci Lokacin da gungun mugayen aladu da aka sani da Tom-Tom Gang suka fara sata lokaci daga B1Q64 na Duniya, zai zama mara kwanciyar hankali na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da Masu Siyarwa na Zamani suka yanke shawarar cewa ya fi aminci ga duk duniyoyin idan an dakatar da samar da lokaci zuwa Duniya B1Q64, dakatar da ita da mazaunanta har abada. Lokacin da Blinx ya karɓi saƙo daga wata gimbiya ƙarama da ta makale a cikin halaka, Blinx ya shiga ɗakin da aka ajiye ƙofar da ke jagorantar Duniya B1Q64. Ko da yake sauran ma'aikatan Ma'aikatar Lokaci suna adawa da shi, Blinx yana nutsewa cikin lokacin ƙofar kafin ya rufe. Daga nan ya yi balaguro zuwa sassa da yawa na duniya, yana yaƙar dodanni na lokaci, da kuma dawo da kristal ɗin da aka haifar a cikin matsananciyar yunƙurin ceton Duniya B1Q64.
Bayan tafiya mai nisa, ya sami damar cim ma Tom-Toms da gimbiya a Momentopolis. Yana bin su zuwa filin wasan, wanda ke kewaye da manyan lu'ulu'u na lokaci. Ba zato ba tsammani, haske ya fito a tsakiyar dandalin filin wasan, wanda ya sa Tom-Tom Gang da Gimbiya suka daskare, kuma suka zagaye hasken, tare da sauran lu'ulu'u na lokacin. Haɗin lu'ulu'u na lokaci, Gimbiya, da Tom-Toms suna haifar da dodo na ƙarshe: Chronohorn, wanda kuma zai iya amfani da Sarrafa Lokacin. Kafin Blinx ya iya yaƙi da shi, Chronohorn yana jujjuya lokaci, kuma yana tilasta Blinx yaƙi shugabannin huɗu da suka gabata (duk waɗannan sune ingantattun sigogin waɗanda kuke faɗa a cikin zagaye na 1, 2, 3 da 5). Bayan ya sake cin su duka, ya yi yaƙi da Chronohorn, ya ci nasara ya ceci gimbiya mai barci yayin barin Tom-Toms ya tsere.
Tare da Tom-Toms ya tafi, kuma lokaci ya sake farawa a cikin B1Q64 na Duniya, Blinx ya gamsu da cewa aikinsa ya cika. Yayin da gimbiya ta tashi daga kan bencin da aka dora ta, Blinx ba tare da son rai ba ta yi bankwana ta tafi. Gimbiya ta yi ƙoƙari ta bi shi, amma ya yi tsalle zuwa cikin wata ƙofar tashar kuma ya dawo cikin masana'antar Lokaci don yin maraba da tafi daga sauran Time Sweepers. Sanarwa daga Uwar Kwamfuta ta yi bayanin cewa ba za a yanke B1Q64 na Duniya daga masana'antar Lokaci ba, kuma Blinx yana taya Shugaban Kamfanin, Mai Aiki da Mai Gudanarwa na Uku na Ma'aikatar Lokaci. Bayan jujjuyawar kuɗi, ɗan wasan yana ganin saƙon da gimbiya ta rubuta (an bayyana sunanta na ainihi, Gimbiya Lena a wannan lokacin). Sakon ya ce Lena tana da lu'ulu'u na lokacin da Blinx ya tattara, kuma za ta yi amfani da su don mafi mahimmancin komai. Ta yin amfani da lu'ulu'u na lokacin, tana mayar da lokacin zuwa lokacin da Blinx ke shirin tafiya. Kafin ya sake shiga cikin tashar, ta farka, ta rungumi Blinx, ta gode masa.
Ci gaba Illolin Naoto Ohshima don Blinx ya fito ne daga tatsuniyar Puss in Boots Lokacin da Ohshima ya fara zana Blinx, dabbar tana da fur fur.
Blinx a matsayin mascot GameSpy da shawarar cewa Blinx aka gabatar a matsayin yiwu mascot ga Xbox tsarin, rivaling Nintendo 's Mario, Sega s Sonic bushiya, kuma tun da babban harafin da halo: Yaki samo asali Master Chief aka dauke ma m kuma ba su da asali a bayan mai gani), kuma jami'ai suna son "abokantaka, fushin fuska" don jagorantar tallace -tallace tsakanin ƙaramin abokan ciniki. Saboda rashin son wasan, bai taɓa cimma burin da aka ba da shawarar ba kuma ana ganin Jagora Chief ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a matsayin mascot, kodayake a zahiri an ba da shawarar Blinx a matsayin mascot na Xbox a Japan na ɗan lokaci.
Karfin baya Tuni akwai ta hanyar jituwa ta baya akan Xbox 360, Microsoft ya tabbatar da cewa ana tallafawa jituwa ta baya don Blinx: The Sweeper Time on Xbox One a watan Afrilu shekara ta guda 2018. Ana iya kunna faifai na jiki akan tsarin, yayin da ake samun su akan Xbox Live Store azaman zazzagewa na dijital.
Karɓar baki An sadu da Blinx tare da kyakkyawar tarba mai daɗi yayin sakin, kamar yadda GameRankings ya ba shi maki 73.09%, yayin da Metacritic ya ba shi guda 71 cikin guda Dari 100. GameSpy ya haɗa wasan a cikin "Mafi yawan Wasannin da Aka Ci Gaba". Kodayake ana yaba wa zane -zanen gabaɗaya, kisan wasan, musamman hanyar sarrafawa, an ɗauka cewa ya haifar da wasan yana da wahala. Saleswise, ta 2003, an sayar da kwafi 156,000. A cikin shekara ta shekara 2003, Blinx kuma ya shiga cikin kewayon Platinum Hits (a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dit na Iyalin Platinum na kowane zamani).
Editan GameSpot Greg Kasavin ya ba shi maki 6.3 daga cikin guda 10, lura da cewa 'yan wasa suna samun natsuwa daga kammala matakin, maimakon jin daɗi ko gamsuwa. Shi ne mai mai gudu-up for gameSpot shekara-shekara "Mafi m Game a kan Xbox" lambar yabo, wanda ya tafi zuwa ToeJam & Earl III. Wasan Wasan Lantarki na wata -wata ya ba shi 7.5/5.5/8: mai bita na biyu ya ga wasan ya kasance mai gajiya da maimaitawa, amma na ukun ya yi imanin cewa "batutuwa a gefe, salo na musamman da makanikai suna sa [ya] yi fice". A Japan, Famitsu ya ba shi maki kwara talatin da daya 31 daga cikin guda arbain 40.
Hanyoyin waje Blinx: The Time Sweeper at MobyGames
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9053 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funtua | Funtua | Funtua karamar hukuma ce a kudancin Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Hedikwatarsa tana cikin garin Funtua akan babbar hanyar A126.
Tana daya daga cikin manyan Kananan Hukumomin Najeriya da aka samar bayan gyaran tsarin kananan hukumomi da akayi a shekarar 1976. Ita ce kuma hedikwatar mazabar Katsina ta Kudu, wadda ta kunshi kananan hukumomi har guda goma sha daya (11) wadanda suka hada da: Bakori, Danja, Dandume, Faskari, Sabuwa, Kankara, Malumfashi, Kafur, Musawa, Matazu da kuma ita kanta Funtua.
Funtua tana da yanayi mai kyau yayin da take kan latitude da longitude 11°32′N da 7°19′E bi da bi. Garin yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 320C da zafi na 44%.
Tana da girman murabba'i 448 da yawan jama'a (225,571 a bisa ƙidayar 2006) sannan kuma mutum 570,110 bisa ga ƙiyasin 2016. Shugaban shine shugaban karamar hukuma a hukumance. Mazauna karamar hukumar hausa Fulani ne akasarinsu, sana’o’insu na kasuwanci, noma da kiwon dabbobi.
Funtua tana cikin iyakar kudancin jihar Katsina. Shi ne birni na biyu mafi girma a jihar bayan Katsina. Tana iyaka da karamar hukumar Giwa ta jihar Kaduna a kudu, Bakori daga gabas, Danja a kudu maso gabas, Faskari a arewa maso yamma da Dandume a yamma.
Lambar ofishin sakonni na yankin ita ce 830. Tushen kogin Sokoto yana kusa da Funtuwa.
Kasuwanci da Masana'antu Funtua cibiyar masana'antu da kasuwanci ce tun zamanin mulkin mallaka, a halin yanzu tana da yawancin masana'antu a cikin jihar. Viz: Funtua Textiles Limited, Jargaba Agric Processing Company wanda ya shahara a masana'antar mai, abincin dabbobi da dai sauransu, Diaries Arewa, Funtua Burnt Bricks, Funtua Fertiliser Blending Company, West African Cotton Company, Lumus Cotton Ginnery, Integrated Flour Mills, Funtua Bottling Company. Salama Rice Mills da dai sauransu.
Sufuri Funtua tana da tashar jirgin kasa a reshen yammacin layin dogo na kasa da manyan titunan tarayya guda 4: Titin Funtua-Birnin Gwari-Lagos, Funtua-Zamfara-Sokoto-Kebbi Road, Funtua-Yashe Road, da Funtua-. Zaria Road, Funtua-Bakori-malunfashi-Dayi Road
Cibiyoyin Ilimi A halin yanzu Funtua tana da manyan makarantu da ke daukar dalibai daga ko’ina a fadin kasar nan, daya ita ce makarantar gyaran jiki da aka fi sani da Ahmadu Bello University School of Basic and Remedial Studies (SBRS), Funtua, wacce ke daukar dalibai daga dukkan jihohin (19) 19 na Arewacin Najeriya. na biyu kuma tana da kwalejojin fasahar kiwon lafiya guda hudu (4) da aka fi sani da Muslim Community College of Health Science Technology Funtua, College of Health and Environmental Sciences Funtua, Umar bin Khattab School of health and Technology Funtua da Funtua Community College of Health Sciences and Technology Sannan Kuma Akwai wata Sabuwa Mai Suna Funtua Community College Of Health and Technology. Wata cibiyar bayar da shaidar difloma ita ce Abdullahi Aminchi College of Advanced Studies Funtua wacce ta yi rijistar bayar da shaidar difloma kamar yadda ta ke da alaka da ABU Zaria, inda a yanzu suka bude sashin bayar da shaidar digiri Wanda sukayi rijista da Jami'ar Dutsen ma wato FUDMA, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Imam Sa’idu, wadda ke ba da NCE da Isma’ila Isah College of Advanced Studies ita ma ta na ba da shaidar difloma. Takaddun shaida tare da haɗin gwiwar Haicas Tsafe. Funtua ta samu shahararriyar cibiyar bayar da takardar shedar a yanzu haka tana shirin fara bayar da Diploma da aka fi sani da College of Administration, Funtua. A kwanannan Kuma Allah ya kawo ma garin Funtua wani ci gaba na samun babbar jami'a ta kiwon lapia, wadda Mai girma gwamnan jihar Katsina Malam Dikko Umar Radda PhD ya rattaba hannu tare da aminceewar ayi ta Funtua.
Wutar Lantarki da Ruwa Funtua tana da tashar watsa labarai ta kasa mai karfin 132KV na National Grid da ke zuwa daga Mando tasha ta Zariya daga nan ta wuce Gusau ta tsaya a Talata Mafara. Yana da kyau a lura cewa tashar watsa wutar lantarki mai karfin 132kv/33kv da ke Funtua tana gudanar da ayyukan kananan hukumomi 9 daga cikin kananan hukumomi 11 da suka kunshi Gundumar Sanata Funtua. Yayin da rashin wutar lantarki ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a fadin kasar, Funtua ba ta da irin wannan matsalar saboda garin na samun wutar lantarki na tsawon sa'o'i 12-20 a kullum. Don haka duk mai sha'awar zuba jari zai iya zuwa ya saka hannun jari.
Dangane da Samar da Ruwa; An albarkaci Funtua da madatsun ruwa guda 2, wato; Mairuwa da Gwagwaye da suka yi hidimar birnin da wasu sassa na majalisar Faskari da yankin Bakori.
Za a iya amfani da runfunan ruwa guda 2 don wasu abubuwa kamar ban ruwa da samar da wutar lantarki.
Har ila yau, akwai gonar Songhai da ake amfani da ita don horarwa da noman wasu kayayyakin gona.
Funtua Inland Dry Port Bayan matakin da gwamnatin tarayya ta dauka na rage cunkoso a tashoshin jiragen ruwanmu, gwamnatin Obasanjo ta kafa tashoshi 6 na busasshen ruwa a kasar nan a shekarar 2006, inda Funtuwa na cikin masu karbar bakuncin. a halin yanzu aikin yana ci gaba da gudana a wurin kuma idan an kammala aikin busashen zai samar da guraben ayyukan yi da kuma samun kudaden shiga ga gwamnati.
Duba kuma Tashoshin jirgin kasa a Najeriya
Makarantar Koyon Ilimi da Gyaran Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello (SBRS), Funtua
Wasu garuruwa da kauyuka a Funtua Dukke, Maigamji, Maska, Tudun Iya, Gardawa, Unguwar Hamida, Gwaigwaye, Dan Fili, Goya, 'Yar Randa, Unguwar Fadi, Unguwar Nunu, Gwauruwa, Rafin Dinya, Kaliyawa, Zamfarawa, Bakin Dutse, Unguwar Kankura, Unguwar Kwando, Cibauna, Lasanawa, Dukawa, Unguwar Biri, Kofar Yamma, Sabon Gari, Danlayi, Unguwar Tofa. Haka kuma wasu wuraren da za a ziyarta a babban garin Funtua
BCJA,Jabiri, Ungwan Wanzamai, Bokori Road, Tafoki Road, GRA, Tudun Wada, Unguwan Magaji Makera, Sabon Layi, Bagari, Low-cost Yan Wanki, Dandaji, Unguwar Mata.
Manazarta Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
16284 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirat%20Bhattal | Kirat Bhattal | Kirat Bhattal wacce aka fi sani da Kirat ko Keerath (an haife ta ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1985) a Monrovia, Laberiya. Ƴar fim ɗin Indiya ce. Ta fara fitowa a matsayin mai kwaikwaya sannan kuma ta samu ci gaba zuwa masana'antar fim ta Tamil. Ta auri VJ-mai dan kwaikwayo Gaurav Kapur a 2 Nuwamba 2014.
Ayyuka Bayan ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Lawrence, Sanawar, Kirat ta fara fitowa a tallar Safi sannan ta tafi wasu kamfen daban-daban kamar su Fair da Lovely, Siyaram da Lakme suna yin talla tare da kuma wata 'yar Indiya, Raima Sen, wacce ta riga ta ci gaba don sanya ta girma a masana'antar fim ta Bollywood. Sannan Kirat ta yi kwatankwacin Sri Kumaran Silks a Chennai don gabatar da ikirarinta a Kudancin Indiya.
Kirat ta fara aiki a cikin Dongodi Pelli, fim din Telugu. Daga nan ne Saran ya sanya mata hannu don babban fim dinta na farko, Vattaram, bayan Anushka Shetty ta fice daga aikin. Vattaram yana fasalta Arya da Napoleon Vattaram tana ba da labarin soyayyar mai siyar da bindiga. Arya ta bayyana burinsa na yin aiki tare da Kirat a nan gaba bayan Vattaram.
Ta sanya hannu don yin babban aikin Desiya Nedunchalai 47 tare da Dhanush, amma aikin ya jinkirta kuma daga baya aka soke shi. Tun da fim ɗin ya kasance ba ya aiki na kimanin watanni uku, Bhattal ya sanya hannu a fim ɗin harshen Kannada mai suna Geleya gaban Prajwal Devaraj, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin mai nasara. A kwanan nan, ta karɓi baƙo a cikin fim ɗin Santosh Subramaniam, wanda ta sake yin fim ɗin Telugu na Bommarillu, wanda ya hada da Genelia da Jayam Ravi Ta samu yabo mai kyau game da rawar da ta taka a fim duk da cewa gajere ne. Bayanan sake dubawa sun ce ta fi karfin jarumar Genilia. Ta aka kuma tabbatar ga gubar rawa a cikin Telugu film Yamadonga starring NT Rama Rao Jr., amma ya mayar dashi saukar a karshe minti ambatawa wasu alkawura. fim din ya ci gaba da zama babban birni, wanda ya samar da crores 30 a cikin watan farko na fitowar sa. Ta kuma sanya hannu kan wani fim din Tamil tare da darakta Krishna na Sillunu Oru Kadhal da Dorai, tare da Arjun Sarja a cikin rawar. Tana kuma daukar nauyin shirin tafiye tafiye mai suna Life Mein Ek Baar- Lokacin da Mala'iku suka yi Dare tare da 'yar fim Barbara Mori, mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen TV Archana Vijaya, samfurin Diandra Soares da Yana Gupta. Sashin farko ya nuna a ranar 18 Maris 2013. Ta kuma dauki nauyin yanayi biyu na Style and the City wanda aka watsa akan Fox Traveler. A halin yanzu tana karbar bakuncin yanayi na 4 na Nat Geo Covershot: Garin al'adun gargajiya na National Geographic, an fara watsa labarin farko a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2016.
Kirat ta kasance jakadiyar jakada kuma ta tallace-tallace na TV don kayayyaki daban-daban da suka haɗa da Lakme, Claeres, Fair da Lovely, Motorola, Airtel, Hero Honda, Kalyan Jewlellers, Macleans da TBZ.
Rayuwarta Haihuwar Liberiya, dangin Kirat yar' gidan Sikh ne na Chandigarh. Ta auri shahararren VJ Gaurav Kapur a ranar 2 Nuwamba 2014 a Chandigarh.
Fina-finai
Manazarta 4. Eti Neeti Sarkar, Biyar a bisa. Rana ta 17 Maris 2013 a Hindu http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/five-on-a-high/article4518895.ece
Haɗin waje Kirat Bhattal on IMDb
Rayayyun Mutane
Haifaffun |
30224 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra%20%22Alexandrina%22%20Don-Arthur | Sandra "Alexandrina" Don-Arthur | Sandra Don-Arthur (an haife ta 22 Afrilu 1980) wacce kuma aka sani da Alexandrina a masana'antar showbiz ƙwararriyar mai fasahar kayan shafa ce kuma Vlogger daga Ghana. Ita ce ta kafa kuma CEO na Alexiglam Studio, kamfanin kayan shafa da kayan kwalliya na Ghana wanda ke ba da sabis na kyau ga mata a Ghana.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haife ta ga mahaifin gine-ginen dan Ghana, Dokta Eric George Alexander Don-Arthur da mahaifiyar Rasha, Misis Natalia Don-Arthur wacce masanin kimiyyar halittu ne. Ta girma a kasashen Ghana da Rasha tare da ’yan uwanta guda 4 kuma kanwar Eric Don-Arthur ce, dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam’iyyar Democratic Congress na 2016 na mazabar Effutu.
Don-Arthur ta halarci Makarantar Morning Star a Cantonments kuma ta koma St. Roses Senior High School a Akwatia. Daga baya, ta tafi United Kingdom don yin karatu a West London College kuma a shekara ta 2011 ta wuce Kwalejin Mink inda ta kammala karatun digiri tare da takardar shaidar kayan shafa, gyaran gashi da kuma tasiri na musamman. Ita kuma tsohuwar daliba ce a jami'ar Ashesi da ke Ghana.
Aiki A cikin 2011, Alexandrina ta fara kayan shafa da fasaha bayan ta kammala kwasa-kwasan a Burtaniya. Aikinta na mai zanen kayan shafa ya fito fili lokacin da jagorar mai kayan shafa ya bukace ta da ta yi kayan shafa ga Manajan Darakta na MNET Africa, Biola Alabi a matsayin bako na Home With...' TV Show a Landan.
Don-Arthur ta yi aiki a kan manyan mashahuran mutane a masana'antar nishaɗi ta Ghana da Najeriya kamar su Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Efya, Joselyn Dumas, Juliet Ibrahim, Nadia Buari, Jackie Appiah, Jim Iyke, Yvonne Okoro da DJ Cuppy.
Maybelline New York, Ghana ce ta zaba ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na kwamitin masu tasiri don taimakawa wajen tasiri ayyukan Maybelline a Ghana. Maybelline New York ta kuma ba ta damar karbar bakuncin shirin talabijin na farko da aka sadaukar da kayan shafa, "Makeup Diaries," wanda aka nuna a gidan talabijin na DSTV a kasashe 46.
Ta kasance bakuwa na yau da kullun kuma jagorar kayan kwalliya a kakar farko na "Keeping It Real" wani shiri da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai masaukin baki 'yar Ghana, Joselyn Dumas ya shirya inda matan Ghana na zamani suka bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafe su a cikin 2017. Ta kirkiro. editocin kayan shafa don Glitz Africa Magazine, Debonair Afrik Magazine, Dream Wedding Magazine da Haute Canoe Magazine.
Wasu jiga-jigan siyasar Ghana kuma sun taba tabo hannun kwararrun Alexandrina da suka hada da Uwargidan tsohon shugaban kasar Ghana, Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings, Ursula Owusu, Nana Oye Lithur, shugabar ma'aikatan Ghana ta farko, Frema Osei Opare da ministar harkokin waje, Shirley. Ayokor Botchway.
A cikin 2015, ta ba da lambar yabo ga marigayi Kofi Ansah tare da haɗin gwiwar Maybelline New York ta hanyar tarin Haute Avant Garde wanda ke nuna tufafi daga fitaccen mai zanen Ghana da kayan shafa don nuna nau'ikan samfuran Maybelline New York.
An zaɓe ta a matsayin mai zane-zanen kayan shafa na Ghana kawai kuma wakilin Afirka ta Yamma don shiga cikin Makon Kaya na New York kuma ya yi aiki tare da samfurin Victoria Secret, Mayowa Nicholas, Sabah Koj a lokacin nunin Fall/Winter. A cikin 2019, ta ƙaddamar da alamar kyawunta da makarantar kimiyya, Alexiglam Studios don taimakawa haɓaka labarin kyawun Afirka da horar da masu fasahar kayan shafa matasa.
Ta danganta girmanta a matsayin mai zanen kayan shafa ga yanayinta na neman bincike tun tana yarinya da kuma sonta na binciken sabbin abubuwa. Pat McGrath da Bimpe Onakoya kaɗan ne daga cikin mashawarta a masana'antar kyau.
Sanannen ayyuka A yayin ziyarar sarauta na Charles, Yariman Wales da matarsa, Camilla, Duchess na Cornwall zuwa Ghana a watan Nuwamba 2018, an gudanar da liyafa na jiha tare da nuna wasan kwaikwayo na ƙaramin ɗabi'a don girmama su kuma an nada Alexandrina a matsayin jagorar mai yin kayan shafa. nunin. Aikinta na edita a fuskar samfurin Ghana-Nigeria na kasa da kasa, Victoria Michaels an nuna shi a cikin Mujallar Tushen da ke birnin Paris.
Tallafawa Ita ce kuma wacce ta kafa gidauniyar Sickle Strong Warriors Foundation, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar sikila da samar da hadin kai a tsakanin masu fama da sikila a Ghana.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukanta na CSR da taimakon jama'a, ta kuma koyi ƙwarewarta ga aikin Ƙaddamar da Adalci, 'Remember Me'. Wani aiki ne na hadin gwiwa tsakanin mai daukar hoto dan kasar Ghana, Francis Kokoroko, Rania Odaymat, da The Fair Justice Initiative, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan wasu mata goma sha biyu da aka yankewa hukuncin daurin rai da rai a gidan yari na Nsawam. An maye gurbin tufafin gidan yarin na mata da kayan gargajiya da kuma hotunansu da aka nuna a wurin baje kolin 'Make Be' a La Maison a watan Oktobar 2018. Tun daga nan aka samar da shi littafin kofi don inganta shawarwari.
Rayuwa ta sirri Tana zaune a Accra, Ghana tare da 'ya'yanta guda biyu.
Manazarta Rayayyun |
32181 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdoulay%20Diaby | Abdoulay Diaby | Abdoulay Diaby (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1991) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka rawa a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu na Al Jazira. An haife shi a Faransa, yana wakiltar Mali a matakin kasa da kasa.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
Sedan An haife shi a Nanterre, Faransa, Diaby ya fara aikinsa a Sedan, bayan INF Clairefontaine (Cibiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa ta wuce). Bayan ya ci gaba da wasa a Sedan, Diaby ya fara buga wasansa na farko a ranar 4 ga watan Mayu shekara ta, 2010 a Dijon, inda ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Lossémy Karaboué a cikin minti na 73rd, a cikin rashin nasarar daci 3-1. Ya sake fitowa a gefen bayan kwana uku a ranar 7 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 2010, ya kuma sake zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa, a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da AC Arles-Avignon. Ya kuma ci gaba da buga wasanni biyu a cikin kakar shekarar, 2009 zuwa 2010.
A cikin kakar shekarar, 2010 zuwa 2011, Diaby ya fara bayyana da tawagarsa a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2010, inda ya fara wasan, a cikin nasara 2-0 a kan FC Steinseltz a zagaye na bakwai na Coupe de France. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2011, Diaby ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na ƙwararru na farko tare da kulob ɗin, yana riƙe shi har zuwa shekarar 2014. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar kuma ya kafa daya daga cikin kwallayen, a cikin rashin nasara da ci 5–3 da FC Istres a ranar 11 ga watan Maris shekarar 2011. Bayan kwana bakwai, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris shekarar, 2011, ya zira kwallaye a wasan da suka biyo baya, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Le Havre. A karshen kakar wasa ta shekara ta, 2010 zuwa 2011, ya ci gaba da buga wasanni goma sha daya kuma ya zira kwallaye biyu a duk gasa.
A cikin kakar shekarar, 2011 zuwa 2012, Diaby ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa, a cikin rashin nasara 2–1 da Clermont Foot a 12 ga watan Agusta shekarar, 2011. Bayan wata daya, a ranar 16 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2011, ya sake zura kwallo a raga, a wasan da suka doke Le Havre da ci 3-0. Sannan ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin watan Oktoba, inda ya zira kwallaye a kan Angers SCO (sau biyu) da Lille. Ya kawo karshen fari na tsawon watanni biyu a ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekara ta, 2012, lokacin da ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da US Boulogne. Ya kasance a cikin wani fari lokacin da a ranar 18 ga watan Mayu shekara ta, 2012, ya zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 2-1 akan Nantes. Duk da raunin da ya samu a lokacin kakar shekarar, 2011 zuwa 2012, Diaby ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 31 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara a duk gasa.
A cikin kakar shekarar, 2012 zuwa shekara ta 2013, Diaby ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa, a cikin rashin nasara da ci 3–2 da Nîmes Olympique a 17 ga watan Agusta a shekara ta, 2012. Yayi nasara da ci 2–0 akan Clermont Foot a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta shekarar, 2012, an kore shi da jan kati kai tsaye a cikin mintuna na 80. Bayan yin aiki da dakatarwar wasa, Diaby ya koma cikin farawa kuma ya zira kwallaye a cikin nasarar 3–1 da Stade Lavallois a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2012. Bayan da aka fitar da shi daga tawagar farko saboda "dalilai na ladabtarwa" a farkon Nuwamba, ya zira kwallaye a dawowar sa a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2012, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Gazélec Ajaccio. A wasan da suka yi da Auxerre a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2013, ya ci kwallo ta bakwai a kakar wasa ta bana, a ci 1-0. Duk da fama da rauni da dakatarwa zuwa ƙarshen kakar shekarar 2012 zuwa 2013, Diaby ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 28 kuma ya zira kwallaye bakwai a duk gasa. Duk da haka, bin kulob ta relegation zuwa Championnat de France Amateur.
Lille An sanar a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2013 cewa Diaby ya koma Lille a kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kulob din. Bayan shekaru biyu da ya yi a Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz ya ƙare a kakar shekarar 2014 da shekara ta 2015, Diaby ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da Lille, ya mai da shi har zuwa shekarar 2019. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Lille a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2015, inda ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Divock Origi, a wasan da suka doke Lyon da ci 2-1. Ya ci gaba da kara buga wasanni biyu daga baya a kakar wasa ta bana, duka sun zo ne a madadin.
Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz (lamuni) Nan da nan bayan ya shiga Lille, Diaby ya koma Belgium, inda ya shiga Mouscron-Péruwelz. Diaby ya fara buga wasansa na Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz, inda ya zo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Antonio Jakoliš a cikin mintuna na 74, a cikin nasara da ci 2–1 akan RWS Bruxelles a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta shekarar, 2013. A ranar 4 ga Watan Satumba shekarar, 2013, ya zira kwallaye na farko a kulob din, a cikin nasara 3–2 a kan Eendracht Aalst. Bayan bai nuna wasan farko a cikin watanni biyu ba, ya dawo a ranar 29 ga Watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 2013, yana farawa a 2-0 nasara akan KSV Roeselare. Bayan ya rasa wasanni biyu a tsakiyar-Janairu, ya zira kwallaye a dawowar sa, a cikin nasara 2–1 akan Eendracht Aalst a ranar 25 ga Watan Janairu shekarar, 2014. Daga baya a cikin lokacin shekara ta, 2013 zuwa 2014, Diaby ya taimaka wa gefen samun haɓaka zuwa Jupiler Pro League kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kammala kakar wasan bana, inda ya buga wasanni 20 kuma ya zura kwallaye hudu a dukkan gasa.
An sanar a ranar 12 ga Watan Yuli shekarar, 2014 cewa Diaby ya sake shiga Mouscron-Péruwelz a karo na biyu akan lamuni. A cikin kakarsa ta biyu, tare da Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz a cikin Jupiler Pro League, Diaby ya fara zura kwallo a ragar Waasland-Beveren, Standard Liège (sau biyu), Zulte Waregem da Cercle Brugge (sau biyu). Daga baya ya kara kwallo ta goma da goma sha daya a karawar da suka yi da Lierse da Waasland-Beveren. A cikin Watan Janairu shekara ta, 2015, Diaby ya koma kulob din iyayensa. A lokacin tafiyarsa, ya buga wasanni 22 kuma ya zura kwallaye 12 sau (wanda shine ya fi zura kwallaye a lokacin kuma har yanzu yana karshen kakar wasa ta shekara ta, 2014 zuwa 2015) a duk gasa.
Club Brugge Bayan ya bayyana aniyarsa ta komawa Belgium, an sanar da shi a ranar 22 ga Watan Mayu shekarar, 2015 cewa Diaby ya shiga kungiyar Jupiler Pro League Club Brugge, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu. An bayar da rahoton cewa tafiyar canja wuri ya ci Yuro miliyan biyu. Bayan ya koma kungiyar, ya ce burinsa a kakar wasa ta farko a Club Brugge shine ya zura akalla kwallaye 20. Diaby ya fara buga wasa a Club Brugge a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli shekara ta, 2015, inda ya fara wasan gabaɗaya, a 1-0 da Gent a gasar cin kofin Belgian. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta shekara ta, 2015, ya fara buga gasar lig na Club Brugge, a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2–1 da Sint-Truidense. A wasan na biye da KV Mechelen a ranar 1 ga watan agusta shekara ta, 2015, Diaby ya ci wa kulob din kwallonsa ta farko, a ci 3-0. A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta shekarar, 2015, ya zira kwallaye hudu, a cikin nasara da ci 7–1 akan Standard Liège. Bayan watanni biyu burin fari, ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta, 2015 a cikin nasara daci 2-0 akan OH Leuven, wanda ya biyo baya ta hanyar zira kwallaye a 2-0 nasara akan Westerlo. A lokacin Disamba, ya kara da ciwa hudu a raga, da suka kasance a kan Charleroi, Westerlo (sau biyu) da kuma KV Kortrijk. Bayan haka Diaby ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Gent a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin Belgium, inda suka doke su da ci 1-0 ya sa suka kai wasan karshe ta hanyar waje. Duk da raunin da ya samu, a ƙarshe ya taka leda a wasan karshe da Standard Liege, amma an kore shi saboda ƙwararrun ƙwararren Giannis Maniatis, yayin da Club Brugge ya yi rashin nasara da ci 2-1. Bayan dakatarwar wasa daya, ya dawo fagen daga ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta, 2016 da Gent, wanda ya ga Club Brugge ya ci 2-0. Daga nan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta shekara ta, 2015 zuwa 2016, gami da zira kwallaye biyu, a cikin nasara da ci 4–0 akan Anderlecht ya lashe kofin gasar a karon farko cikin shekaru goma sha daya. Duk da fuskantar gasa daga Jelle Vossen, Leandro Pereira, Wesley Moraes, Bernie Ibini-Isei da José Izquierdo a ko'ina cikin shekarar, 2015 zuwa 2016 kakar, Diaby ya ci gaba da yin 47 bayyanuwa kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 sau (13 daga cikinsu shi ne babban haɗin gwiwa tare da Vossen). a duk gasa. A cikin kakar shekarar, 2016 zuwa 2017, Diaby ya ci gaba da dawo da matsayinsa na farko a gefe, yana wasa a matsayin dan wasan. Sai dai ya yi fama da zura kwallaye kamar yadda ya yi a kakar wasan da ta wuce. mafi muni, ba da daɗewa ba Diaby ya sami damuwa game da raunin da ya samu a sakamakon. A ranar 25 ga watan Janairu shekara ta, 2017, ya dawo daga rauni, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa, a wasan da suka doke Waasland-Beveren da ci 2–1 Duk da haka, kuma, ya sake fama da Osteitis pubis wanda ya gan shi yana jinkiri na sauran kakar wasa. A ƙarshen kakar shekara ta, 2016 zuwa 2017, Diaby ya ci gaba da yin bayyana 20 a duk gasa.
A farkon kakar shekara ta, 2017 zuwa 2018, Diaby ya dawo daga rauni a farkon kakar wasa kuma bai fara bayyanarsa a kakar wasa ba a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta shekara ta, 2017, a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na UEFA Champions League da İstanbul Başakşehir. abin da ya sa suka yi rashin nasara da ci 3-0, kuma an fitar da su daga gasar. Kwanaki hudu bayan haka, a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta shekara ta, 2017, ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana, a wasan da suka doke Eupen da ci 3–1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2017, ya sake zura kwallo a raga, a wasan da suka doke KV Kortrijk da ci 2–1. A cikin watan Disamba, Diaby ya samar da hanyar zira kwallaye a ragar Lokeren, Anderlecht (sau biyu), KV Mechelen da Royal Mouscron-Péruwelz (sau biyu). A watan Disamba, ya ci wa kungiyar kwallaye tara a kakar wasa ta bana. A gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai, Diaby ya zira kwallaye hudu a gefe, inda ya zura kwallo a ragar RSC Charleroi, Standard Liège (sau biyu) da Anderlecht. Sai dai kuma ya samu rauni a idon sawun sa wanda hakan ya sa ya yi jinya har karshen kakar wasa ta bana. Ba da jimawa ba, kulob din ya ci gaba da lashe gasar a karo na biyu a cikin shekaru biyu da suka wuce, saboda yana cikin 'yan wasa uku da suka taka rawa a kakar wasa ta bana don lashe gasar zakarun Turai. Duk da cewa ba ya cikin tawagar farko, saboda raunin da ya samu a kakar wasa ta bana, Diaby ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin tawagar farko duk da fuskantar gasa daga Vossen da Wesley. A ƙarshen kakar shekarar, 2017 zuwa 2018, Diaby ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye 16 a duk gasa.
Sporting CP An sanar da shi a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta shekara ta, 2018 cewa Diaby ya shiga kulob din Portuguese Sporting CP, sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyar a kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, ko da yake an bayar da rahoton cewa ya kashe €4 miliyan. Kulob din ya kuma shigar da batun sakin dalar Amurka miliyan 70 kan Diaby. Da shiga kulob din, Diaby ya ce game da tafiyar: "Na yi matukar farin ciki da kasancewa a nan. Sporting CP babban kulob ne kuma da zarar na ji labarin yiwuwar zuwa nan ban yi kasa a gwiwa ba, na san cewa kwallon kafa ta Portugal tana da manyan kungiyoyi, wadanda a kodayaushe suke shiga gasar Turai." Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar La Liga a ranar 24 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2018, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Nemanja Gudelj a minti na 86 a wasan da suka doke Braga da ci 1-0. A ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta, 2020, bayan kashe duk kamfen na shekara ta, 2019 zuwa 2020 akan lamuni a Beşiktaş JK, Diaby an ba shi rancen zuwa Getafe CF na La Liga na tsawon shekara guda. A ranar 17 ga watan Janairu shekara ta, 2021 Sporting CP ta dawo da Diaby daga Getafe bayan wasanni 3 kawai kuma daga baya aka bada aronsa ga kulob din RSC Anderlecht na Belgium har zuwa karshen kakar wasa.
Lamuni zuwa ga Anderlecht A ranar 18 ga watan Janairu shekara ta, 2021, Diaby ya koma elgium First Division A kulob, Anderlecht a kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. Lamunin ya haɗa da zaɓi don siye.
Ayyukan kasa A cikin watan Oktoban shekarar, 2014, Mali ta kira Diaby a karon farko; sannan ya zira kwallaye a wasansa na farko, a cikin nasara 2-0 akan Habasha a ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta, 2014. Daga karshe Mali ta samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar, 2015 bayan ta lallasa Algeria da ci 2-0 a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba Shekara ta, 2014. A ƙarshen watan Disamba shekarar, 2014, an jera Diaby a cikin ƙungiyar maza ta wucin gadi 35 ta ƙasa. Bayan ya bayyana sau biyu a matsayin wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasanni biyu na farko a gasar, ya fara bayyanarsa a gasar, inda ya fara wasan kafin a sauya shi, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Guinea a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekarar, 2015. Kusan shekara guda bayan haka, a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, shekarar, 2015, Diaby ya ci kwallonsa ta farko cikin watanni goma sha daya, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Benin A gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afrika, Diaby ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni biyu tsakanin 4 ga watan Yuni shekarar, 2016 da 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 2016 da Sudan ta Kudu da Benin Daga nan ya kawo karshen fari na shekaru biyu na fari lokacin da ya zura bugun fanareti na rabin-farko, a wasan da suka tashi 1–1 da Japan a ranar 23 ga watan Maris, Shekara ta 2018.
Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki
Kulob/Ƙungiya
Ƙasashen Duniya
Ƙasashen Duniya Maki da sakamako ne suka fara zura kwallaye a ragar Mali.
Girmamawa Club Brugge
Belgian Pro League 2015–16, 2017–18
Belgium Super Cup 2016
Wasanni CP
Taça de Portugal 2018-19
Taca da Liga 2018-19 Al-Jazira
UAE Super Cup 2021
Manazarta Abdoulay Diaby at BDFutbol
Abdoulay Diaby at ForaDeJogo
Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
25417 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20El | Joe El | Joel Amadi, da aka sani da Joe El, (haife 23 Maris) ne a Nijeriya afrobeats singer, songwriter da kuma mai yi, ya sa hannu tare da Kennis Music A cikin 2006, ya halarci gasar waƙa ta Star Quest a Jos sannan daga baya a cikin bukin bukukuwan Easter na Kennis Music na shekara -shekara.
Iyali da karatu Joel Amadi an haife shi ga dangin Amadi Didam a Sokoto, jihar Sokoto Amma, ya girma a Jihar Kano Mahaifinsa ya fito daga Zikpak, Kafanchan, kudancin jihar Kaduna, mahaifiyarsa daga Otukpa, jihar Benue ta fito Bayan kammala karatunsa na firamare a makarantar firamare ta Ramat, ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Soja Day, Bukavo Barracks, Jihar Kano, daga inda bayan ya kammala, sannan ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kaduna, Kafanchan (wacce ke da alaƙa zuwa Jami'ar Jos ya kammala a shekarar 2005 tare da difloma a ɓangaren Accounting da Auditing. Kafafen labarai da yawa sun ba da rahoton mawakin da ya buga a ranar 24 ga Yuli 2020 game da kisan da aka yi wa mahaifinsa (ɗan'uwan marigayi sarkin, Agwam Musa Didam, <i id="mwJw">Agwam Fantswam I</i> tare da matar sarkin) a garinsa, yana nuna bakin cikinsa da takaicinsa. yadda gwamna ke tafiyar da harkokin tsaro a jihar. Ya bayyana wa Opera News mako guda bayan haka cewa gwamnan jihar ya janye sojojin kwana daya kafin faruwar lamarin. Da yake magana da The Guardian, ya yi kira ga gwamnatin tarayya da ta jiha da su yi magana kan kashe -kashen da ke addabar kudancin jihar sa Aikin kiɗa Joe El ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a cikin shekara ta 2006, lokacin da ya shiga gasar waƙa ta Star Quest wanda shine bayyanar TV ta farko. A shekarar 2009, ya koma Legas inda yake fatan samun ingantattun dama. Daga ƙarshe ya sadu da Kenny Ogungbe, Shugaba na Kennis Music wanda ya ba shi kwangila a 2010. Mawakinsa na farko "I No Mind" daga baya an zaɓe shi don Mafi kyawun R'n'b Video a lambobin yabo na NMVA 2011.
Ya samu karin farin jini tare da wakar sa ta lashe lambar yabo "Bakololo" wanda aka gudanar a gidajen rediyon Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2011 zuwa 2012. Ya kuma sauke wakoki kamar: "Wakar soyayya" da "Farin Ciki". Tare da waɗannan waƙoƙin, ya zagaya jihohi kusan huɗu a duk faɗin ƙasar, yana yin wasan kwaikwayon Glo Rock n Roll, Star Quest Grand Finale, Kennis Music Easter Fiesta na shekara -shekara da sauran manyan matakai. Sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da 2Baba (wanda aka fi sani da 2Face Idibia da TuFace), wani shahararren mawaƙin Najeriya, saboda kamannin fuskarsu. A cikin shekara ta 2014, ya nuna sha'awar 2Baba, da kuma cewa yana son yin aiki tare da shi. A cikin shekara ta 2014, Joe El ya fitar da bidiyon waƙar mai taken "Riƙe" wanda ke nuna 2Baba. Clarence Peters ne ya jagoranci bidiyon kuma Hakim Abdulsamad ne ya lashe kyautar Grammy Bidiyon daga baya ya sami lambar yabo don lambar yabo ta The Headies don mafi kyawun haɗin gwiwa a cikin shekarar 2015. A cikin shekara ta 2014, waƙar sa, "Oya Yanzu" inda ya fito da Oritsefemi ya sake samun lambar yabo don kyautar Bidiyon Kyautattun Kyaututtuka. Ya sami ƙarin nade -nade biyu a cikin bugun NMVA 2014, ɗayan don waƙar sa, "You are in Love" wanda aka zaɓa don Mafi kyawun R'n'b Video category wanda Niyola ya ci da ɗayan don sabon bidiyon sa "Oya Yanzu" wanda aka zaba don Mafi kyawun Bidiyo ta Sabuwar Dokar da ya ci. A cikin 2019, ya haɗu tare da Masterkraft don ƙirƙirar waƙar rawa mai taken "Rawa" (Rawa).
Binciken hoto
Waƙoƙin shi "Ruwa", 2016
"Nwanyi Oma"
"Ci gaba da soyayya"
"Yamarita" (featuring Olamide "Chukwudi" (featuring Iyanya "Kiyaye" (tare da Yemi Alade "Oya Yanzu" (yana nuna Oritsefemi "Rawa (rawa)", 2019
"Epo" (wanda ke nuna Davido, Zlatan Kundaye Wakoki
Jira
Mara lokaci (2015) Yi Kyau (2016) Tana Son Ni
Onye (Eji Kolo)
Kuna Soyayya
Ni Babu Hankali
Ƙididdigar da aka nuna "Bridal" (yana nuna Sultan Sultan da Honorebel Kiɗan Kennis Duk Haɗin Starz (2011)
Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa
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60610 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitav%20Ghosh | Amitav Ghosh | Amitav Ghosh (an haife shi 11 ga Yuli 1956) marubuci ɗan Indiya ne. Ya lashe kyautar Jnanpith karo na 54 acikin 2018, lambar yabo mafi girma a Indiya. Litattafan kishin Ghosh suna amfani da dabarun bada labari mai sarkakiya don bincika yanayin asalin ƙasa da na mutum, musamman na mutanen Indiya da Kudancin Asiya. Ya rubuta almara na tarihi sannan kuma ya rubuta ayyukan daba na almara ba yana tattaunawa akan batutuwa kamar mulkin mallaka da sauyin yanayi.
Ghosh yayi karatu a Makarantar Doon, Dehradun, kuma ya sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Oxford. Yayi aiki a jaridar <i id="mwJQ">Indian Express</i> a New Delhi da cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa. An buga littafinsa na farko <i id="mwJw">The Circle of Reason</i> acikin 1986, wanda ya biyo baya tare da ayyukan almara na baya ciki har da Layin Shadow da Gidan Gilashi. Tsakanin 2004 da 2015, ya yi aiki a kan <i id="mwLQ">Ibis</i> trilogy, wanda ke tattare da ginawa da abubuwan da suka faru na Farko Opium War. Ayyukan sa na almara ya haɗa da Acikin Ƙasar Tsohon Alkawari da kuma Babban Ragewa: Canjin Yanayi da Rashin Tunani.
Ghosh yana da kyaututtukan Nasara na Rayuwa guda biyu da digiri na girmamawa huɗu. Acikin 2007 ya sami lambar yabo ta Padma Shri, daya daga cikin mafi girman karramawa na Indiya, ta shugaban Indiya. Acikin 2010 ya kasance mai nasara na haɗin gwiwa, tare da Margaret Atwood na kyautar Dan David, kuma 2011 an ba shi kyautar Grand Prix na bikin Blue Metropolis a Montreal Shine marubucin Ingilishi na farko da ya sami kyautar. Acikin 2019 mujallar harkokin waje ta ba shi suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tunani a duniya na shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Rayuwa An haifi Ghosh a Calcutta a ranar 11 ga Yuli 1956 kuma yayi karatu a makarantar kwana ta dukan-boys The Doon School a Dehradun. Ya girma a Indiya, Bangladesh da Sri Lanka. Abokan aikinsa a Doon sun hada da marubucin Vikram Seth da masanin tarihi Ram Guha. Yayin da yake makaranta, ya kan ba da gudummawar almara da wakoki a kai a kai ga Makarantar Doon School Weekly (sannan Seth ya gyara) kuma ya kafa mujallar Tarihi Times tare da Guha. Bayan Doon, ya sami digiri daga Kwalejin St Stephen, Jami'ar Delhi, da Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Delhi.
Sannan yaci nasarar tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Inlaks don kammala D. Phil. acikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a St Edmund Hall, Oxford, ƙarƙashin kulawar masanin ilimin ɗan adam ɗan Burtaniya Peter Lienhardt. Kundin binciken, wanda aka gudanar a cikin Faculty of Anthropology and Geography, yana da taken "Kinship dangane da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa acikin ƙauyen Masarawa" kuma an gabatar da shi acikin 1982.
Acikin 2009, an zabe shi a matsayin Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. Acikin 2015 Ghosh an ba shi sunan Ford Foundation Art of Change Fellow.
Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Padma Shri acikin 2007.
Ghosh ya koma Indiya don fara aiki a kan Trilogy <i id="mwbg">Ibis</i> wanda ya hada da Tekun Poppies (2008), Kogin Smoke (2011), da Ambaliyar Wuta (2015).
Ghosh yana zaune a New York tare da matarsa, Deborah Baker, marubucin Laura Riding biography A Extremis: Life of Laura Riding (1993) da kuma babban edita a Little, Brown da Company Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Lila da Nayan.
Aiki
Almara Ghosh shine marubucin The Circle of Reason (littafinsa na farko na 1986), Layin Shadow (1988), The Calcutta Chromosome (1995), Gidan Gilashi (2000), Ruwan Yunwa (2004) da Gun Island (2019).
Ghosh ya fara aiki akan abin da ya zama Trilogy <i id="mwkw">Ibis</i> a cikin 2004. An kafa shi a cikin 1830s, labarinsa ya biyo bayan gina yakin Opium na farko a faɗin ƙasar Sin da yankin tekun Indiya. Kashi na farko na Tekun Poppies (2008) an zaba shi don Kyautar Man Booker na 2008. Wannan ya biyo bayan Kogin Smoke (2011) da na uku, Ambaliyar Wuta (2015) ta kammala aikin trilogy.
Layin Shadow wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Sahitya Akademi "yana bada haske game da al'amuran tashin hankalin al'umma da kuma yadda tushensa ya yadu sosai a cikin ruhin gama gari na yankin Indiya". Yawancin ayyukansa sun shafi wuraren tarihi, musamman a yankin tekun Indiya. A wata hira da Mahmood Kooria, ya ce: “Ba wai da gangan ba ne, amma a wasu lokuta al’amura na da niyya ba tare da ganganci ba. Ko da yake bai kasance wani ɓangare na shirin da aka tsara ba kuma bai fara aiki a matsayin mai hankali ba, na gane cewa wannan shine ainihin abin da ya fi sha'awar ni: Bay na Bengal, Tekun Arabiya, Tekun Indiya, da haɗin gwiwa da haɗin kai tsakanin waɗannan yankuna."
Ghosh's Gun Island, wanda aka buga acikin 2019, yana hulɗa da sauyin yanayi da ƙaura ɗan adam, ya jawo yabo daga masu suka. A cewar wani bita a cikin Jaridar Columbia, "Wannan Ghosh ne a cikin ƙarfinsa, mafi ƙarancin gajiya -ya auri tatsuniyar tatsuniya daga ƙasarsa ta haihuwa tare da yanayin ɗan adam, duk yayin da yake riƙe da madubi ga ƙasar da a yanzu ya kira gida, da kuma samar da wata kila ma kyakkyawan hangen nesa game da makomar yanayin mu!" Littafin ya haifar da duniyar tatsuniyoyi na gaskiya, yana ƙalubalantar hukumar masu karatun ta don aiwatar da bukatun muhalli. Amfani da addini, gaskiyar sihiri, daidaituwar yanayi, da sauyin yanayi sun taru don ƙirƙirar labari mai kyau na husuma, rauni, kasada, da asiri. Mai karatu ya yi tafiya don warware labarin The Gun Merchant da kuma kaddamar da kansu a cikin halakar yanayi da kuma sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam. Ghosh yana canza labari ta hanyar babban halayensa, labarinsa, da kuma rikicin yanayi da ya mamaye. Littafin ba da gangan kira ne ga aiki wanda aka haɗa shi cikin wani shiri mai nishadantarwa. The Guardian duk da haka, ya lura da dabi'ar Ghosh na ci gaba da yin tangal-tangal, yana mai kiransa"labari mai ban tsoro "wanda "zai iya ɗaukar hanya mai ma'ana zuwa ga gaskiya, amma zai isa can a ƙarshe."
Acikin 2021, Ghosh ya buga littafinsa na farko a cikin ayar, Jungle Nama, wanda ke bincika almara na Sundarbans na Bon Bibi.
Ba labari Sanannen rubuce -rubucen da ba na almara na Ghosh ba su ne A cikin Ƙasar tsoho (1992), Rawa a Cambodia da Large a Burma (1998), Countdown (1999), da The Imam and the Indian (2002, tarin kasidu a kan jigogi kamar tsattsauran ra'ayi)., tarihin labari, al'adun Masar, da adabi suna fitowa a jaridu da mujallu a Indiya da kasashen waje. Acikin Babban Haɓaka: Canjin Yanayi da wanda ba a iya tsammani (2016), Ghosh ya tattauna wallafe-wallafen zamani da fasaha kamar yadda ya kasa magance canjin yanayi daidai.
Acikin 2021, An buga La'anar Nutmeg: Misalai don Duniya acikin Rikici. Aciki, Ghosh ya tattauna batun tafiyar nutmeg daga tsibirin Banda na asali zuwa sauran sassa na duniya, yana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ruwan tabarau ta hanyar fahimtar tasirin tarihi na mulkin mallaka akan halaye ga al'adun ƴan asali da kuma canjin muhalli Acikin sabon aikinsa, Shan taba da toka: Tafiya ta Marubuci Ta Hidden Histories Opium (2023), Ghosh ya gabatar da bincikensa kan tarihin opium. Tarihin da ke bayan Yaƙin Opium na Farko shima yana aiki azaman asalin Ibis Trilogy (2008-12).
Kyaututtuka da karramawa Circle of Reason ya lashe Prix Médicis étranger, ɗaya daga cikin manyan lambobin yabo na adabi na Faransa. Layin Shadow sun sami lambar yabo ta Sahitya Akademi da Ananda Puraskar. Calcutta Chromosome ya lashe kyautar Arthur C. Clarke na 1997. An zaɓi Tekun Poppies don Kyautar Man Booker na 2008. Shi ne wanda ya ci kyautar Vodafone Crossword Book Award acikin 2009, da kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar Dan David na 2010. An zaɓi Kogin Smoke don Kyautar Adabin Mutum ta Asiya ta 2011. Gwamnatin Indiya ta ba shi kyautar farar hula na Padma Shri a shekara ta 2007. Ya kuma karbi tare da Margaret Atwood kyautar Dan David na Isra'ila.
Ghosh ya shahara ya janye littafinsa The Glass Palace daga la'akari da kyautar Marubuta ta Commonwealth, inda aka ba shi mafi kyawun labari a cikin sashin Eurasian, yana nuna rashin amincewarsa ga kalmar "jama'a" da rashin adalci na bukatun Ingilishi da aka ƙayyade a cikin dokoki.
Ghosh ya sami lambar yabo ta rayuwa a Tata Literature Live, Mumbai LitFest akan 20 Nuwamba 2016. An ba shi lambar yabo ta 54th Jnanpith a watan Disamba 2018 kuma shine marubucin Indiya na farko a Turanci da aka zaba don wannan karramawa.
Littafi Mai Tsarki Novels
The Circle of Reason (1986)
The Shadow Lines (1988)
The Calcutta Chromosome (1995)
The Glass Palace (2000)
The Hungry Tide (2004)
Sea of Poppies (2008)
River of Smoke (2011)
Flood of Fire (2015)
Gun Island (2019)
Jungle Nama (2021)
Non-Fiction
In an Antique Land (1992)
Dancing in Cambodia and at Large in Burma (1998; Essays)
Countdown (1999)
The Imam and the Indian (2002; Essays)
Incendiary Circumstances (2006; Essays)
The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (2016)
The Nutmeg's Curse: Parables for a Planet in Crisis (2021)
Uncanny and Improbable Events (2021)
The Living Mountain (2022)
Smoke and Ashes: A Writer's Journey Through Opium's Hidden Histories (2023)
Duba kuma Jerin marubutan Indiya
Ƙara karantawa Kalpaklı, Fatma. Amitav Ghosh ile Elif Şafak’ın Romanlarında Öteki/leştirme/Us and Them Attitude in the Works of Amitav Ghosh and Elif Şafak Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi, 2016. ISBN 978-605-9427-28-9
Manazarta i
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Falsafa Siyasa na maye gurbin kimiyya a cikin Amitav Ghoshs The Calcutta Chromosome
An cire daga Kogin Hayaki a cikin Mujallar Guernica
Tekun Poppies a Farrar, Straus da Giroux site
Amitav Ghosh a Cibiyar Jami'ar Emory
Amitav Ghosh's Blog akan Indipepal
Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
25237 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMC | SMC | SMC na iya nufin to:
Ƙungiyoyi Kamfanin Karfe na Musamman, mai kera gami
San Miguel Corporation, haɗin gwiwar Philippine
Samsung Medical Center, asibiti a Koriya ta Kudu
Salmaniya Medical Complex, wani asibiti a Bahrain
SMC Corporation, kamfanin sarrafa kansa na masana'antu na Japan
Kamfanin Sadarwar Jama'a, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta Bangladesh
Suzuki Motor Corporation, wani kamfani ne na ƙasashe da yawa na Japan
Kwamfuta na Swathanthra Malayalam, ƙungiyar software a Indiya
Ƙungiyar Mountineering ta Scotland
Majalisar Musulmin Sufi, UK
Ilimi Kwalejin St. Michael, Iligan City, Philippines
Kwalejin Santa Monica, California, Amurka
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
Babban Kwalejin Soja, kowane ɗayan kwalejoji shida na Amurka waɗanda ke ba da shirye -shiryen ROTC
Kwalejin Michigan ta Kudu maso yamma, Amurka
Kwalejin Methodist ta Spartanburg, South Carolina, Amurka
Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Stanley, Chennai, Indiya
Kwalejin Melville ta Stewart, Edinburgh, Scotland
Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Switzerland, jami'a ce a Switzerland
Gwamnati da siyasa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Kimiyya, ofishin yada labarai na Burtaniya
Cibiyar Tsarin Sararin Samaniya da Makami mai linzami, umurnin bincike da bunƙasa rundunar sojan saman Amurka
Kamfanin Surat Municipal, Gujarat, India
Majalisar Soja Mai Girma (Ghana), mai mulkin Ghana daga 1975–1979
Jam'iyyar Cibiyar Zamani (Stranka modernega centra), jam'iyyar siyasa ta Slovenia
Fasaha da nishaɗi
Kiɗa Seattle Men's Chorus, Washington, Amurka
Rikodin SMC, San Francisco, California, US
Talabijin Shaw Multicultural Channel, tashar talabijin ta USB a Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada
Southern Media Corporation, gidan talabijin na Cantonese a Guangdong, China
Sauran nishaɗi Asirin Maryo Tarihi, wasan bidiyo
Kimiyya da fasaha Haɗin gyare -gyaren takarda ko haɗaɗɗen takarda, kayan polyester da aka ƙarfafa
Ƙananan Magellanic Cloud, galaxy kusa da Milky Way
Samfurin SMC (Tsarin Kula da Tsarin Chromosomes)
Ƙarin motar motsa jiki, wani ɓangare na cortex sensorimotor
Ƙwayar ƙwayar tsoka, tantanin tsokar da ba ta huce ba
Kwamfuta da lantarki Ƙirƙirar sauti da kiɗa
Apple SMC, codec bidiyo
Amintaccen lissafin jam’iyyu da yawa, matsalar cryptography
Sequential Monte Carlo Hanyar, saitin algorithms
Sarrafa yanayin zamiya, a ka'idar sarrafawa
Mai haɗawa na SMC, ana amfani dashi a da'irar mitar rediyo
Bangaren abin hawa, a cikin kayan lantarki
.smc, tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi don hotunan Super Nintendo Entertainment System ROM
Mai Gudanar da Tsarin Tsarin, akan kwamfutocin Apple
DO-214AB, bambance-bambancen kunshin semiconductor na DO-214
Sauran amfani Mazabar mamba daya
Yi Maganar Kamfen na Mandarin, Singapore
Babban Kalubalen Ilmin Lissafi, ga ɗaliban da United Kingdom Mathematics Trust ke gudanarwa
Stade Malherbe Caen, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa
Lambar tashar tashar tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Semarang |
42790 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98ungiyar%20%C6%99wallon%20%C6%99afa%20ta%20%C6%99asar%20Djibouti | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Djibouti | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Djibouti, wacce ake yiwa laƙabi da Riverains de la Mer Rouge ("Shoremen of the Red Sea"), ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kasar Djibouti Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Djibouti ce ke kula da ita, kuma memba ce a Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF) da kuma Kungiyar Kungiyoyin Kwallon Kafa ta Larabawa (UAFA). Nasarar farko da 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasar Djibouti suka yi a cikin cikakkiyar wasa na kasa da kasa da FIFA ta amince da su ita ce nasara da ci 1-0. Somalia a zagayen farko na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2010 Tarihi
Faransa Somaliland (1947-1960) Djibouti ta buga wasanta na farko na kasa da kasa da sunan French Somaliland, a gida da makwabciyarta Ethiopia a ranar 5 ga watan Disambar 1947 kuma ta sha kashi da ci 5-0. Wannan kuma shi ne karon farko da Habasha ta buga. Su biyun sun sake buga wasa a Djibouti a ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 1948 kuma Habasha ta ci 2–1. A ranar 1 ga watan Mayun 1949, an buga wasan gasar cin kofin Emperor a Habasha, kuma mai masaukin baki ya ci 6-0. A cikin 1954, Djibouti ta buga Habasha sau uku: 10 2 a waje a ranar 1 ga Mayu, rashin gida 2 0 a ranar 1 ga Yuni da kuma rashin gida 2 1 washegari. Djibouti ba ta sake buga wasa ba sai a shekarar 1960, lokacin da ta shiga gasar kasashe masu magana da harshen Faransanci da aka gudanar a Madagascar Kungiyar ta sha kashi da ci 9-2 a zagayen farko a hannun Kamaru a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu. Wannan shi ne wasan karshe na tawagar a matsayin French Somaliland.
Djibouti (1977-yanzu) Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1977, kungiyar ta buga da sunan Djibouti a karon farko da Habasha a wasan waje a ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekarar 1983 kuma ta yi rashin nasara da ci 8-1. Su biyun sun sake buga wasa kwanaki biyu bayan da Habasha ta sake yin nasara, da ci 4-2. Bayan wasan sada zumunci na uku da Habasha, da ci 2-0 a gida a ranar 23 ga watan Maris shekarar 1984, Djibouti ta shiga gasar Habasha da mai masaukin baki da Zimbabwe Sun yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a hannun Habasha a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni sannan kuma da ci 3-1 a Zimbabwe ranar 7 ga watan Yuni.
Fitowar Djibouti ta farko a gasar cin kofin CECAFA, gasar cikin gida na kasashe a Gabashi da Tsakiyar Afirka, ta kasance a Kenya a shekarar 1994. Wannan ne karo na farko tun bayan da ta doke Yemen ta Kudu a shekarar 1988. Tawagar Djibouti ta yi rashin nasara da ci 4-1 a hannun mai masaukin baki a ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, da Somaliya da ci 2–1 a ranar 1 ga Disamba, da kuma 3-0 a hannun Tanzania a ranar 3 ga Disamba. Djibouti ba ta tsallake zuwa zagaye na gaba ba.
Bayan gasar cin kofin CECAFA a shekarar 1994, Djibouti ba ta buga wasa ba har sai da aka yi yakin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 1998 a Burkina Faso An tashi kunnen doki ne a wasan neman gurbin shiga gida biyu da Kenya, kuma sun yi rashin nasara a wasan farko da ci 3-0 a ranar 31 ga Yulin 1998. An yi rashin nasara a wasa na biyu a gida da ci 9-1 a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta kuma Kenya ta tashi 12-1 a jumulla.
A cikin shekarar 1998, Djibouti ta zama mamba a kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Larabawa (UAFA). Tawagar kwallon kafa tun daga lokacin ta halarci gasar Pan Arab Games, wani taron wasanni da dama na yankin da aka gudanar tsakanin kasashe daga kasashen Larabawa Djibouti ta shiga gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na farko a kokarinta na zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA a shekarar 2002 a Koriya ta Kudu da Japan A Pool D na zagayen farko na neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika, an tashi ne da DR Congo a wasan share fage na neman cancantar kafa biyu. Djibouti ta karbi bakuncin wasan farko a Stade du Ville a Djibouti a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilun 2000, inda aka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a gaban taron magoya baya 2,700. 'Yan wasan sun yi rashin nasara a wasa na biyu da ci 9-1 a filin wasa na Stade des Martyrs da ke Kinshasa sannan DR Congo ta yi nasara da ci 10-2. Djibouti ba ta taba buga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ba, inda kungiyar ke ficewa a kai a kai ko kuma ba za ta shiga ba saboda dalilai na kudi.
Kafin buga wasannin share fage guda hudu a karshen shekarar 2019, Djibouti ta yi nasara sau 2, 3 ta yi canjaras da 55 a wasanni 60 da aka fafata. Koyaya, an kira sabbin 'yan wasa da yawa kuma sakamakon ya inganta. Da farko, a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2022, Djibouti ta doke Eswatini da ci 2-1 a gida, ta kuma yi kunnen doki 0-0 a Manzini, inda ta tsallake zuwa zagaye na biyu a karon farko tun gasar share fagen shiga gasar ta shekarar 2010 da ta doke Somalia da ci 1-0 (2-1). a jimla). Wannan babban ci gaba ne daga bugu na baya lokacin da Djibouti ita ma ta buga Eswatini kuma ta sha kashi da ci 8-1 a jimillar. Bayan wata daya, Djibouti ta buga kunnen doki biyu 1-1 da Gambia a zagayen farko na neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka na shekarar 2021, sai dai ta sha kashi a bugun fenareti.
Masu horarwa
'Yan wasa
Tawagar ta yanzu An zabi 'yan wasa masu zuwa don buga wasan neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika na 2023 da Sudan ta Kudu a ranakun 23 da 27 ga Maris 2022 bi da bi. Kwallaye da kwallaye sun yi daidai kamar na 27 ga Maris 2022, bayan wasan da Sudan ta Kudu Rikodin ɗan wasa Players in bold are still active with Djibouti.
Most appearances
Top goalscorers
Duba kuma Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Somaliland ta Faransa
Sakamakon tawagar kwallon kafar Djibouti
Kwallon kafa a Djibouti
Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Djibouti
Gasar Premier ta Djibouti
Kofin Djibouti
Stade du Ville
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Djibouti a FIFA.com
Djibouti a National-Football-Teams.com.
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
26709 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supa%20Modo | Supa Modo | Supa Modo fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na duniya tare da haɗin gwiwar 2018 wanda Likarion Wainaina ya ba da umarni. An fara ƙaddamar da shi a bikin Fina-Finan Duniya na 68th Berlin An zaɓe shi azaman shigarwar Kenya don Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a 91st Academy Awards, amma ba a zaɓe shi ba.
Makirci Jo yarinya ce da ke zama a wani ƙaramin ƙauye a ƙasar Kenya. Burinta ne ta zama babbar jaruma, amma abin takaici waɗannan buri suna kawo cikas saboda rashin lafiyar da ke tafe. A matsayin wani yunƙuri na tabbatar da sha'awarta, duk ƙauyen suna tsara wani shiri na hazaƙa tare da burin ganin burinta ya cika.
Fage An shirya Supa Modo a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Fina-Finai na Kwana Daya, wanda ke bai wa masu shirya fina-finan Afirka damar koyo daga masu ba da shawara da kirkiro labarunsu ga masu sauraro na duniya. Tom Tykwer da Marie Steinmann suka kafa aikin. Sauran fina-finan da suka samo asali daga tarurrukan da aka ce sun hada da Kati Kati, Nairobi Half Life, Wani abu da ake bukata da kuma Soul Boy Biki Fim ɗin ya fara baiyana farkonsa a bikin fina-finai na Berlin na 68th a cikin nau'in "ƙarni".
Rigima A cikin jerin Tweets da aka buga a ranar 10 ga Yuni 2020, Silas Miami ɗaya daga cikin marubutan Fim ɗin, ya ba da haske game da sharuɗɗan da ake iya tambaya ga ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da ma'aikatan jirgin a kan saitin fim ɗin Supa Modo. Zaren da ke ba da cikakkun labarai daga abubuwan da ya faru da na abokan aikinsa ya haifar da yanayin #KECreativesDeserveBetter wanda ya buɗe tattaunawar tsarin Fim a Kenya. A cikin wani cikakken bayani da ya fitar a shafin Facebook, daraktan fim din Likarion Wainaina ya yi tsokaci kan ra'ayin Miami yana bayyana ma'anar nasara mai cin karo da juna yayin rangadin Supa Modo zuwa bukukuwan fina-finai ciki har da bikin fina-finai na yara na New York na kasa da kasa ba tare da wani karin kuɗi ga masu shirya fina-finai ba kamar yadda ya tanada. sharuddan yarjejeniya kafin samarwa. Har yanzu Ginger Ink bai bayar da wata sanarwa a hukumance kan lamarin ba.
Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo Stycie Waweru as Jo
Akinyi Marianne Nungo as Kathryn
Nyawara Ndambia as Mwix
Johnson Gitau Chege a matsayin Mike
Humphrey Maina as Pato
Joseph Omari a matsayin shugaba
Rita Njenga as Nyanya
Dinah Githinji as Anne
Nellex Nederitu a matsayin Titus
Edna Daisy Nguka as Josephine
Peris Wambui as Caro
Mercy Kariuki as Soni
Cindy Kahura a matsayin Halima
Nick Mwathi a matsayin Villager 1
Muriithi Mwangi Villager 2
Martin Nyakabete a matsayin Villager 3
Joseph Wairimu as Rico
Isaya Evans a matsayin Asibiti
Manuel Sierbert a matsayin Doctor
Michael Bahati as Nujuguna
Meshack Omondi a matsayin Bryo
Elsie Wairimy a matsayin Charlo
John Gathanya a matsayin Ozil
Francis Githinji as Toni
Jubilant Iliya as Kush
Euphine Akoth Odhiambo a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa
Mary Njeri Mwangi a matsayin 'yar wasan kwallon kafa
Benedict Musau a matsayin dan wasan kwallon kafa
Yu Long Hu a matsayin Sarki Fu Fighter
Biqun Su as Kung Fu Fighter
Likarion Wainaina a matsayin Barawon Hawan Babur
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Fina-finai
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32502 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C6%99iyi | Maƙiyi | Maƙiyi wani mutum ne ko ƙungiyar da ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin mummunan gaba ko barazana. Ana ɗaukar maƙiyi a matsayin barazana ga rundunar da ke gaba da juna. An lura da manufar maƙiyi a matsayin "mafi mahimmanci ga mutane da al'ummomi". Kalmar "maƙiyi" tana aiki da aikin zamantakewa na ayyana wani mahaluƙi a matsayin barazana, ta haka ne ke kira da martani mai tsanani ga wannan mahallin. Halin zama ko samun maƙiyi ƙiyayya ne ko gaba ko gaba.
Sharuɗɗan Maƙiyi ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin ƙarni na 9 inimi, an samo daga Latin don "aboki mara kyau" Latin ta hanyar Faransanci. "Maƙiyi" kalma ce mai ƙarfi, kuma "haɗin da ke tattare da abokan gaba zai haɗa da fushi, ƙiyayya, baƙin ciki, hassada, kishi, tsoro, rashin amincewa, da kuma ƙila ga daraja A matsayin ra'ayi na siyasa, ana iya fuskantar abokan gaba da ƙiyayya, tashin hankali, yaƙi da yaƙi Kishiyar maƙiyi aboki ko abokiyar gaba Domin kalmar "maƙiyi" ɗan bellicose ne da kuma soja don amfani da shi a cikin al'umma mai ladabi, ana amfani da masu maye gurbin na yau da kullum. Sau da yawa kalmomin da aka maye gurbinsu suna zama ƙasƙanci a cikin mahallin da ake amfani da su. A kowane hali, zayyana "maƙiyi" ya wanzu ne kawai don nuna matsayin wani rukuni na mutane a matsayin barazana, da kuma yaɗa wannan nadi a cikin mahallin gida. Sharuɗɗan da aka maye gurbinsu da maƙiyi sau da yawa suna ci gaba zuwa ga gano ƙungiyar da aka sani a matsayin maƙiyi, da kuma ƙirƙira wannan tantancewar. Gwamnati na iya neman wakiltar wani mutum ko ƙungiya a matsayin barazana ga amfanin jama'a ta hanyar ayyana wannan ko ƙungiyar a matsayin maƙiyin jama'a.
Halin mutum ko/da ƙungiya a matsayin abokan gaba ana kiransa aljani. Yaɗa aljanu babban bangare ne na farfaganda Har ila yau, "maƙiyi" yana iya zama mai ra'ayi; ana amfani da su don bayyana abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa da irin wannan cuta, da tarin wasu abubuwa. A cikin tauhidi, "Maƙiyi" yawanci ana keɓe shi don wakiltar mugun allahntaka, shaiɗan ko aljani Alal misali, "a farkon tarihin Iroquois, Rana da Wata, a matsayin allah da allahntakar dare da rana, sun riga sun sami halayen babban aboki da maƙiyin mutum, Allah mai kyau da Mugunta". Akasin haka, wasu addinai suna bayyana Ubangiji mai tauhidi a matsayin maƙiyi; misali, a cikin 1 Samu’ila 28:16, ruhun Sama’ila ya gaya wa Saul marar biyayya: “Don me za ka tambaye ni, gama Ubangiji ya rabu da kai, ya zama maƙiyinka?”
"Abokan gaba," a matsayin abin fushi ko tunkuɗe al'umma, a tsawon tarihi ana amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin farfagandar samfuri don mayar da hankali ga tsoro da damuwa a cikin al'umma zuwa ga wata manufa ta musamman. Yawanci abin da ake nufi ya zama gama gari, kamar yadda yake tare da wata ƙabila ko ƙabila na mutane, ko kuma yana iya zama manufa ta ra'ayi, kamar aƙidar da ke nuna wata ƙungiya. A wasu lokuta tunanin abokan gaba ya rikiɗe; alhali da da'awar ƙabilanci na goyon bayan kiran yaƙi na iya yiwuwa daga baya sun canza zuwa da'awar aƙida da ra'ayi.
A lokacin Yaƙin Cold, kalmomin "Communists" ko "Reds" sun yarda da yawancin jama'ar Amirka don nufin "abokan gaba," kuma ma'anar kalmomin biyu na iya zama mai mahimmanci, dangane da yanayin siyasa, yanayi, ko jihar. na tsoro da tashin hankali a cikin al'umma a lokacin.
Akwai kalmomi da yawa waɗanda ke yin nuni ga yin watsi da ko kasa lura da maƙiyi, irin su Trojan doki ko kerkeci a cikin tufafin tumaki Gaba ɗaya, abin da ke fuskantar abokan gaba shine aboki ko abokiya, kodayake an ƙirƙira kalmar frenemy don ɗaukar ma'anar alaƙar da ƙungiyoyin ke da alaƙa don wasu dalilai kuma suna saɓani da juna don wasu dalilai.
A matsayin aikin kimiyyar zamantakewa Kasancewa ko fahimtar wanzuwar abokan gaba na gamayya yana haifar da haɓaka haɗin kan ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, ganowa da kula da wasu abubuwa a matsayin abokan gaba na iya zama rashin hankali, kuma alamar rashin aiki na tunani. Misali, ra'ayi na rukuni na iya rikieɗewa zuwa rukuni na tunani, wanda zai iya haifar da membobin "cikin" ƙungiyar su fahimci waɗanda ba memba ba ko wasu ƙungiyoyi a matsayin abokan gaba ko da inda wasu ba su nuna gaba ko barazana ba. Paranoid schizophrenia yana da alaƙa da imani marar hankali cewa sauran mutane, tun daga ƴan uwa da abokan sana'a zuwa mashahuran da ake gani a talabijin, abokan gaba ne na kansu da ke yin makirci ga mai cutar. Hanyoyi marasa ma'ana na iya kaiwa ga magance abubuwan da ba su dace ba ba kawai a matsayin abokan gaba ba, amma a matsayin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da gangan suna kawo fitina ga mai fama da shi.
Manufar maƙiya tana da kyau a fagen zaman lafiya da nazarin rikice-rikice, wanda ke samuwa a matsayin babba a yawancin manyan jami'o'i. A cikin karatun zaman lafiya, maƙiya su ne ƙungiyoyin da ake ɗauka a matsayin masu takaici ko hana cimma wata manufa. Ƙila maƙiyi ba su san ana ɗaukar su a matsayin haka ba, tun da ra'ayin na gefe ɗaya ne.
Don haka, don samun zaman lafiya, dole ne a kawar da barazanar. Ana iya samun wannan ta:
halakar da abokan gaba
canza tunanin mutum game da mahallin a matsayin abokan gaba
cimma manufar makiya abin takaici ne.
Rikice-rikice na sirri akai-akai ko dai ba a tantance su ba (ba a fayyace maƙasudin mutum ba) ko kuma a duba su ta hanya ɗaya kawai. Wannan yana nufin sau da yawa yana yiwuwa a warware rikici (don kawar da musabbabin rikici) ta hanyar sake fasalin maƙasudi kamar yadda aka kawar da takaici (ba mutum ba) an kawar da shi, a fili, tattaunawa, ko yanke shawara.
A cikin adabi A cikin wallafe-wallafen, sau da yawa suna tasowa ta hanyar gabatar da wani hali na farko, mai ba da labari, kamar yadda ya shawo kan matsalolin da wani mai adawa ya gabatar da shi wanda aka kwatanta a matsayin abokin gaba na abokin gaba. Takaddun labarin tatsuniyoyi na jarumai sukan gabatar da jarumar da ke fafatawa da babban makiyi wanda ƙarfinsa ya yi daidai da na jarumar, ta haka ne ke haifar da tashin hankali kan ko jarumin zai iya cin galaba a kan wannan makiyin. Ana iya nuna abokan gaba a matsayin mugun hali wanda ke shirin cutar da marasa laifi, ta yadda mai karatu zai goyi bayan jarumi a cikin bukatar yakar abokan gaba.
Magani Akwai gwamnatoci daban-daban na shari'a da na tiyoloji da ke tafiyar da maganin maƙiya. Addinai da yawa suna da ƙa'idodi waɗanda ke fifita gafara da sulhu da abokan gaba. The Yahudawa Encyclopedia ya bayyana cewa "[h]jikin maƙiyi wani abu ne na dabi'a na al'umma na farko", yayin da "shirin gafarta ma maƙiyi alama ce ta ci gaban ɗabi'a". Ya yi iƙirarin cewa koyarwar Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Talmud, da sauran rubuce-rubuce, "a hankali yana koya wa mutane zuwa mataki na ƙarshe", yana faɗi cewa "alamomi a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na ruhun ƙiyayya da ɗaukar fansa ga maƙiyi ga mafi yawancin maganganun kishin ƙasa ƙiyayya da abokan gaba na ƙasa sun dace da wani ruhu mai kyau".
Rukunan addini Kusan dukkanin manyan addinan suna da "manufofin soyayya iri daya, manufa daya ta amfanar dan'adam ta hanyar gudanar da ibada, da kuma tasiri iri daya na mai da mabiyansu su zama 'yan adam nagari". Don haka an bayyana a ko’ina a cikin addinan duniya cewa ya kamata a bi da maƙiya cikin ƙauna, alheri, tausayi, da gafara.
Littafin Fitowa ya ce: “Idan ka sadu da sa ko jakin maƙiyinka suna ɓacewa, sai ka mayar masa da shi. Idan ka ga jakin wanda ya qi ka yana kwance a cikin kayansa, kuma ka hanu ka taimake shi, to, lalle ne ka taimake shi.” Hakazalika littafin Misalai ya ce: “Kada ka yi murna sa’ad da maƙiyinka ya faɗi, kada zuciyarka ta yi murna sa’ad da ya yi tuntuɓe” da kuma: “Idan maƙiyinka yana jin yunwa, ka ba shi abinci ya ci, idan kuma yana jin ƙishirwa, ka ba shi abinci. ruwan sha. Domin haka za ka tara garwashin wuta a kansa, Ubangiji kuma zai sāka maka.” The Jewish Encyclopedia ya ce ra’ayin da Tsohon Alƙawari ya ba da umurni ga ƙiyayya ya samo asali ne daga rashin fahimtar Huɗuba a kan Dutse, inda Yesu ya ce: “Kun ji an faɗa, Ka ƙaunaci maƙwabcinka, ka ƙi maƙiyinka. Amma ni ina gaya muku, ku ƙaunaci magabtanku, ku yi wa waɗanda suke tsananta muku addu’a.” The Jewish Encyclopedia kuma ya kawo nassoshi a cikin Talmud yana cewa: “Idan mutum ya sami abokinsa da abokin gaba yana bukatar taimako sai ya taimaki maƙiyinsa da farko domin ya shawo kan mugun nufinsa” da kuma: “Wane ne mai ƙarfi? Wanda ya musanya maƙiyi abokin gaba" Ma'anar Ahimsa da aka samu a Hindu, Jainism da Buddhism kuma sun kama wannan ra'ayi, suna buƙatar alheri da rashin tashin hankali ga dukan abubuwa masu rai a kan cewa dukansu suna da alaƙa. Shugaban Indiya Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ya yi imani da wannan ka'ida sosai, yana mai cewa "[t] wanda ya bi wannan koyarwar, babu wani wuri ga abokin gaba".
Duba kuma Aljanu
Abokin gaba
Frenemy
Kishiya
Manazarta Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
24840 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungiyar%20Kwallon%20Kafa | Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa | Ƙwallon ƙafa wasa ce tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu. An ƙirƙire ta a Ingila, kuma ana wadanda kwallo a yawancin ƙasashe irin Tarayyar Amurka, Kanada da Ostiraliya, ana kiranta ƙwallon ƙafa. A yawancin sauran ƙasashe ana kiranta da ƙwallon ƙafa. Wasar ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce mafi shahara a wasannin duniya. Tun zamanin da ake buga wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa. An ƙirƙiro wasan na zamani a Ingila a cikin shekarar alif 1863, lokacin da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta rubuta daidaitattun ka'idojin wasan.
Kowace kungiya tana da yan wasa 11 a filin wasa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yan wasan shine mai tsaron gida, shine kawai ɗan wasar da aka yarda ya taɓa ƙwallo da hannuwansu. Sauran goman an san su da "'yan wasan waje". Ana kuma buga wasan ne ta hanyar buga ƙwallo a cikin burin abokin hamayyar. Wasan yana da mintuna 90 na wasa, tare da hutu na mintuna 15 yayin wasan. Ana kiran shi da Hutun rabin lokaci. Ana kuma kara lokaci kaɗan Idan akayi kunnen doki bayan rabin lokaci ko bayan minti 90 zuwa lokacin, free Kicks, kusurwa bugawa, raunin da ya faru, Bookings, substitutions ko wani lokaci wasan da aka tsaya. Idan wasa ya ƙare a cikin kunnen doki, ana iya buga ƙarin lokaci tare da ramuka biyu na mintina 15 kowannensu, kuma idan har yanzu akwai ƙira, bugun fenariti ya yanke shawarar wanda ya yi nasara. Wani lokaci ana tsallake ƙarin lokacin kuma wasan ya shiga cikin bugun fanareti.<center href="./Martial_arts" rel="mw:WikiLink"><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"></div></div></center>
Akwai gasa da yawa don wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙasashe Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa galibi suna buga wasu kungiyoyi a kasarsu, in ban da yan Kadan Anan akwai jerin waɗancan banda:
Welsh Cardiff City da Swansea City sunyi wasa a EFL Championship (na biyu a tsarin Ingila) da kuma FA Cup gasar kofin)
Kungiyar Kanada Vancouver Whitecaps, Toronto FC, da CF Montreal sun buga wasa a MLS (tsarin wasannin lig na Amurika)
Kungiyar Monégasque A.S. Monaco tayi wasa a Ligue 1 (tsari wasa na Faransa)
Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa kuma suna buga wasu kungiyoyi a nahiyoyinsu a gasa irin su CAF Champions League da UEFA Champions League.
Akwai ƙungiyoyi 6 CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, CAF, UEFA, AFC, da OFC Kowace ƙungiya tana da nasu gasa ta nahiyar tsakanin kulob da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa. Wasu misalai sune Copa América don ƙungiyoyin ƙasa na CONMEBOL da Copa Libertadores don kulab ɗin CONMEBOL. FIF na shirya gasar kasa da kasa tsakanin kungiyoyin duniya da kasashe. Kungiyoyi suna wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya na kungiyoyi, kuma kasashe suna buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA.
Gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA tana gudana duk bayan shekaru hudu tsakanin kungiyoyin kasa, kuma ita ce wasan da ya fi shahara a duniya, har ma ya fi shahara fiye da wasannin Olympic A wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, akwai manyan nau'ikan gasa guda biyu. A cikin “league”, dukkan kungiyoyin suna buga wasanni iri daya, amma a cikin “kofin”, kungiyoyi suna barin gasar lokacin da suka sha kashi, har sai kungiyoyin biyu na karshe su buga junansu don tantance wanda zai yi nasara.
Wanda ke buga ƙwallon kafa Kwallon kafa itace wasar da ta shahara a duniya. Ana buga ta a cikin ƙasashe fiye da kowane wasa. A zahiri, FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) tana da membobi da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Asalin wasan duk maza ne, amma a yau maza da mata ne ke buga ta (daban, ban da wani lokaci a matakin firamare).
A Turai, manyan wasannin da za a fafata su ne Gasar Zakarun Turai ga manyan kungiyoyi daga manyan lig a kowace kasa a Turai. Sannan akwai UEFA Europa League wanda shine na mafi kyawun ƙungiyoyi na gaba daga kowace ƙasa memba na UEFA Yawancin kungiyoyin da suka yi nasara sune FC Barcelona da Real Madrid daga Spain Bayern Munich da Borussia Dortmund daga Jamus Galatasaray SK daga Turkiyya; Juventus, AC Milan da Inter Milan daga Italiya Liverpool, Manchester United da Manchester City daga Ingila Paris Saint-Germain daga Faransa da Al Ahly daga Masar Kulob da ya fi samun nasara a duniya, dangane da sakamakon gasar cikin gida, shi ne Rangers FC daga Scotland, wacce ta lashe kofunan gasar cikin gida fiye da kowace kungiya a duniya. Sun lashe gasar kasar sau 54 wanda shine rikodin duniya. A watan Mayun 2000, Rangers ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe kofuna 100.
Dokoki
Dokokin asali Lura: wannan ba cikakken bayani bane
Bangaren da ya fi cin kwallaye ya yi nasara.Idan maki daidai yake, sakamakon shine zane.A cikin gasar kofin,ana iya samun ƙarin lokaci da azaba don tantance wanda ya ci nasara.
Jami'an a kwallon kafa game ne mai alkalin wasa da biyu linesmen Ana zira kwallaye ta hanyar sanya kwallo cikin ƙwallon abokan adawar,fiye da rabin layin.
Alkalan suna da damar yin amfani da kyamarorin layin-ƙira don yanke hukunci kusa.
Dokar offside na nufin cewa dole ne a sami aƙalla masu tsaron gida biyu tsakanin mai kai hari da burin masu tsaron lokacin da abokin wasan ya kai masa ƙwallo. (Wannan ba cikakken takaitaccen bayani ba: da'idar tana da rikitarwa). Yawancin lokaci, ɗaya daga cikin masu tsaron gida biyu shine mai tsaron gida.
'Yan wasa ba za su yi amfani da hannayensu ko hannayensu ba (ƙwallon hannu),ban da mai tsaron gida, wanda zai iya amfani da su a cikin yankin nasa na fansa wuraren hukunci suna gaban ƙwallaye biyun).
Kwallon ba ya wasa idan ta ƙetare iyakokin filin.
Idan ɗan wasa ya buga ƙwallo daga wasa a gefen filin, ɗayan ƙungiyar za ta sake jefa ƙwallon cikin wasa jifa Idan ɗan wasa ya buga ƙwallo daga wasa a ƙarshen filin, ɗayan ƙungiyar ta sake buga ƙwallo cikin wasa daga kusurwa bugun kusurwa Idan wani player Kicks da ball daga play a wasu ƙarshen filin, da sauran tawagar Kicks da ball baya cikin play daga kai tsaye a gaban makasudin (a makasudin harbi Kwallon kafa wasa ne na rabi biyu. Kowane rabin minti 45 ne. Alƙalin wasan na iya ƙara lokaci zuwa ƙarshen kowane rabin lokacin da aka jinkirta wasa saboda raunin da ya samu ko kuma an sauya shi. Akwai tazara na mintuna goma tsakanin halves.
An ba kowace ƙungiya damar maye gurbin sau uku daga benci yayin wasan. Babu wani dan wasa da zai maye gurbin da zai iya dawowa yayin wasan.
Dokokin hali Wataƙila 'yan wasa ba za su yi tafiya ko ture junan su ba ɓarna Wataƙila 'yan wasa ba za su riƙe junansu ba ko hana wasu' yan wasa isa zuwa ƙwallo toshewa Lokacin da dan wasa ya ci maki ba a ba shi izinin shiga cikin taron ba. Idan ya/ta yi za su sami katin rawaya. Hakanan ya shafi ɗaga ko cire rigar su a cikin bikin.
Dole ne 'yan wasan su ci zarafin alkalan wasa ta kowace hanya (a baki ko a zahiri).
Ana nuna wa 'yan wasan da suka aikata munanan laifuka katin gargadi. 'Yan wasan da suka aikata mugayen laifuka da gaske, ko aka nuna musu katin gargadi guda biyu a wasa ɗaya, za a nuna musu jan kati An kori 'yan wasan da aka ba su jan kati daga fili kuma ba za su iya gama wasan ba. A wasu gasa (kamar Premier League a Ingila ba za ku rasa wasa na gaba (dakatarwa) idan kun sami jan kati, ko kuma ku karɓi katunan rawaya 5 yayin kakar.
Manazarta Ƙwallo
Pages with unreviewed |
27122 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C6%99in%20Algiers | Yaƙin Algiers | Yaƙin Algiers (Italian La battaglia di Alheri fim ɗin yaƙi ne na shekarar 1966 wanda Gillo Pontecorvo ya rubuta tare kuma ya ba da umarni. Ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da 'yan tawaye suka yi a lokacin yakin Aljeriya (1954-1962) da gwamnatin Faransa a Arewacin Afirka, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne yakin Algiers, babban birnin Aljeriya. An harbe shi a wuri a cikin salon labarai na Roberto Rossellini a cikin baƙi da fari tare da gyare-gyaren nau'in rubuce-rubuce don ƙara wa ma'anar sahihancin tarihi, tare da yawancin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo marasa ƙwararru waɗanda suka rayu ta ainihin yaƙin. Pontecorvo da Ennio Morricone ne suka shirya makin fim ɗin. Yawancin lokaci ana danganta shi da silima neorealist na Italiya. Fim ɗin ya fi mayar da hankali kan mayaƙin juyin juya hali Ali La Pointe a cikin shekarun 1954 zuwa 1957, lokacin da mayaka na FLN suka sake haduwa suka faɗaɗa cikin Casbah, babban birnin Algiers. Sojojin Faransa na kokarin dawo da yankin sun gamu da abin da suka aikata. Fim ɗin mai ban mamaki yana magana ne game da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin asiri da kuma hanyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba, kamar azabtarwa, da mulkin mallaka ke amfani da shi don ɗaukar shi. Aljeriya ta yi nasarar samun ƴencin kai daga hannun turawan Faransa, wanda Pontecorvo ya yi magana a cikin shirin fim din. Fim ɗin ya samu ƙarbuwa sosai. Duka kungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya da hukumomin jihar sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani muhimmin sharhi kan yakin da ake yi a birane. Yana bautarka 48th wuri a kan sukar 'Top 250 Films na 2012 Wurin & Sound zabe, kazalika da 120th wuri a kan Empire magazine ta jerin daga cikin "500 mafi girma fina-finai na duk lokaci". An zaɓi shi don shigar da jerin "fina-finan Italiyanci 100 da za a tsira". Wani batu na rikice-rikice na zamantakewar zamantakewa, ba a nuna fim ɗin ba tsawon shekaru biyar a Faransa; A ƙarshe an sake shi a cikin 1971.
Magana Yaƙin Algiers ya sake gina abubuwan da suka faru a babban birnin ƙasar Faransa Aljeriya tsakanin Nuwamba 1954 zuwa Disamba 1957, lokacin Yaƙin neman Ƴancin Aljeriya. Labarin ya fara ne da tsarin ƙungiyoyin juyin juya hali a cikin Casbah. Saboda yakin bangaranci tsakanin al'ummar kasar Aljeriya da Pied-Noir, inda bangarorin biyu ke tada kayar baya, Faransa ta aike da dakaru na sojojin Faransa zuwa birnin domin yaki tare da kame 'yan kungiyar 'yan tawayen kasar ta FLN. Ana nuna ma'aikatan a matsayin kawar da dukkan shugabannin FLN ta hanyar kisa ko kamawa. Fim din ya ƙare da wani code na nuna zanga-zangar kishin ƙasa da tarzoma, wanda ke nuna cewa duk da cewa Faransa ta yi nasara a yaƙin Algiers, amma ta yi rashin nasara a yaƙin Aljeriya. A dabara na FLN yaƙin tayar da ƙayar baya da kuma Faransa counter tayar da kayar baya, da kuma uglier faru na yaƙi aka nuna. Masu mulkin mallaka da masu mulkin mallaka duk suna aikata ta'asa ga fararen hula. Kwamandan FLN na Casbah ta hanyar aiwatar da hukuncin kisa ga masu aikata laifukan Aljeriya da wadanda ake zargi da hadin gwiwar Faransa; suna aikata ta'addanci, gami da ayyuka kamar harin bam na Milk Bar Café, don muzgunawa Turawa. Jami’an tsaro na kai hare-hare da kashe-kashe da cin zarafi ga ƴan adawa. An nuna sojojin Faransa a matsayin suna amfani da azabtarwa, tsoratarwa, da kisan kai. Pontecorvo da Solinas sun ƙirƙiri jarumai da yawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon su waɗanda suka dogara akan ƙwararrun yaƙi na tarihi. Labarin ya fara da ƙarewa daga hangen Ali la Pointe (Brahim Haggiag), ɗan ƙaramin laifi wanda ke da tsattsauran ra'ayi a siyasance yayin da yake kurkuku. Kwamandan FLN El-hadi Jafar ne ya ɗauke shi, wanda Saadi Yacef ya buga, wanda ya kasance tsohon kwamandan FLN. Laftanar-Kanar Mathieu, kwamandan runduna, shine babban halin Faransanci. Sauran haruffan su ne yaron Petit Omar, wani titi urchin wanda shi ne manzo FLN; Larbi Ben M'hidi, babban jigo na FLN wanda ya ba da dalilan siyasa na tayar da ƙayar baya; da Djamila, Zohra, da Hassiba, mata uku na FLN na birni waɗanda suka kai harin ta'addanci. Yakin Algiers kuma ya ƙunshi dubunnan ƴan wasan Aljeriya. Pontecorvo yi nufin da su nuna da "Casbah-as- ƙungiyar mawaƙa", sadarwa tare da Chanting, marin fuska, da kuma ta jiki sakamako.
Shiryawa da kuma salo
Wasan allo Yaƙin Algiers ya sami kafuwa ne daga littafin 1962 Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger, asusun kwamandan soja na FLN na yaƙin neman zaɓe, na Saadi Yacef. Yacef ya rubuta littafin ne a lokacin da ake tsare da shi a matsayin fursuna na Faransa, kuma hakan ya kara karfafawa FLN da sauran mayakan sa kai. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Faransawa sun saki Yacef, wanda ya zama jagora a sabuwar gwamnati. Gwamnatin Aljeriya ta goyi bayan daidaita tarihin Yacef a matsayin fim. Salash Baazi, shugaban FLN wanda Faransanci ya kora, ya tuntubi darektan Italiyanci Gillo Pontecorvo da marubucin allo Franco Solinas tare da aikin.
Yacef ya rubuta nasa wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ba ya da wani zance ko labarin fim. Masu samar da Italiya sun ƙi shi a matsayin nuna son kai ga Aljeriya. Ko da yake suna jin daɗin kishin ƙasar Aljeriya, masu shirya fim ɗin sun so fim ɗin ya magance abubuwan da suka faru ta hanyar tsaka tsaki. A karshe screenplay na The Battle of Algiers yana da wani Algeria protagonist da kuma siffanta da mugunta da kuma wahala duka biyu Aljeriya da Faransa, pieds-noir da kuma sojoji. Don biyan buƙatun fim, Yaƙin Algiers yana amfani da haruffa masu haɗaka kuma yana canza sunayen wasu mutane. Misali, Kanar Mathieu ya Ƙunshi jami'an yaƙi da ta'addanci na Faransa da dama, musamman Jacques Massu Saadi Yacef ya ce Mathieu ya dogara ne akan Marcel Bigeard, kodayake halin da ake ciki yana tunawa da Roger Trinquier. Da aka zarge shi da nuna Mathieu a matsayin kyakkyawa kuma mai daraja, marubucin allo Solinas ya musanta cewa wannan ita ce manufarsa. A wata hira da ya yi da shi ya ce Kanar yana da kyau kuma yana da al'ada, domin wayewar yammacin duniya ba ta da mutunci ko rashin tarbiyya. Akwai mahimmiyar kamanceceniya tsakanin shugaban FLN a cikin fim ɗin Ben H'midi da Kanar Mathieu wanda ya ƙara da nuna Pontecorvo na daidaicin ta'addancin ɓangarorin biyu.
Salon gani Domin The Battle of Algiers, Pontecorvo da cinematographer Marcello Gatti yin fim a baki da fari da kuma gudanar da wani gwaji tare da daban-daban dabaru ba fim da look newsreel da shirin fim. Tasirin ya kasance mai gamsarwa sosai har fitar da Amurkawa ta ba da sanarwar cewa "ba ƙafa ɗaya" na labaran labarai ba a yi amfani da su ba. Amfani da Pontecorvo na gaskiyar almara yana ba da damar fim ɗin "don yin aiki tare da ɗaure biyu kamar yadda yake magana da masu sauraro daban-daban." Fim ɗin ya yi amfani da talabijin na musamman don haɗa masu sauraron yammacin duniya da hotunan da suke fuskanta akai-akai waɗanda aka tabbatar da su don bayyana "gaskiya". Da alama an yi fim ɗin ne ta hanyar ra'ayi na mai ba da rahoto na yammacin duniya, yayin da ake amfani da ruwan tabarau na telephoto da kyamarori na hannu, yayin da "wanda ke nuna gwagwarmaya daga nesa" tare da sojojin Faransa da aka sanya tsakanin taron jama'a da kyamara."
Ƴan wasa Pontecorvo ya zaɓi ya jefa ƴan Algeriya da ba ƙwararru ba. Ya zaɓi mutanen da ya sadu da su, ya zaɓe su musamman a kan kamanni da tasirin motsin rai (sabili da haka, yawancin layinsu an lakafta su). Kwararren dan wasan kwaikwayo na fim din shine Jean Martin, wanda ya buga Colonel Mathieu; Martin ɗan wasan Faransa ne wanda ya yi aiki da farko a wasan kwaikwayo. Pontecorvo ya so ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, amma wanda ba zai saba da yawancin masu sauraro ba, saboda wannan zai iya yin tsangwama ga gaskiyar fim ɗin.
An kori Martin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata daga Théâtre National Populaire saboda sanya hannu kan takardar shaidar 121 a kan Yaƙin Aljeriya. Martin tsohon soja ne; ya yi aiki a rundunar sojan ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Indochina kuma ya shiga cikin Resistance Faransa. Hoton sa yana da zurfin tarihin rayuwa. A cewar wata hira da marubucin allo Franco Solinas, dangantakar aiki tsakanin Martin da Pontecorvo ba ta da sauƙi. Ba da tabbacin ko salon wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararrun Martin zai bambanta da yawa da waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba, Pontecorvo ya yi jayayya game da zaɓin wasan kwaikwayo na Martin. wanda ke taka leda El-Hadi Jaffar da Samia Kerbash wanda ke taka Fatiha an ce dukkansu mambobin FLN ne kuma Pontecorvo an ce sun samu kwarin gwiwa sosai daga asusunsu. Ƴan wasan da aka yaba su ne:
Jean Martin a matsayin Colonel Philippe Mathieu
Brahim Haggiag a matsayin Ali La Pointe
Saadi Yacef a matsayin Saari Kader/El-Hadi Jafar
Tommaso Neri a matsayin Captain Dubois
Samia Kerbash a matsayin Fathia
Ugo Paletti a matsayin Kyaftin
Fusia El Kader a matsayin Halima
Franco Moruzzi
Mohammed Ben Kassen a matsayin Little Omar
Sauti da kiɗa Sauti duka kiɗa da tasiri suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin fim ɗin. Ƴn asalin ƙasar Aljeriya suna ta busa, maimakon tattaunawa, a yayin wani wurin da mata mayakan FLN ke shirin tayar da bam. Bugu da ƙari, Pontecorvo ya yi amfani da karar harbe-harbe, jirage masu saukar ungulu da injunan manyan motoci don nuna alamar hanyoyin yaki na Faransa, yayin da fashewar bama-bamai, rugujewa, kuka da rera waka ke nuna alamar hanyoyin Algeriya. Gillo Pontecorvo ya rubuta waƙar don Yaƙin Algiers, amma saboda an lasafta shi a matsayin "mai yin waƙar waƙa" a Italiya, an buƙaci ya yi aiki tare da wani mawaki kuma; Abokinsa na kirki Ennio Morricone ya haɗa kai da shi. Drum solo solo, wanda ake ji a duk cikin fim ɗin, shahararren ɗan wasan Italiya Pierino Munari ne ya buga.
Tarihin Saki da Gado
Mahimman liyafar Pontecorvo ya yi tsayayya da jarabar yin soyayya ga jaruman. Ya nuna irin mugunyar hare-haren da FLN da Faransa suka aikata. Fim din ya lashe kyautar Zakin Zinariya a bikin Fim na Venice kuma an zaba shi don lambar yabo ta Academy guda uku (a cikin shekaru da ba a jere ba, nasara ta musamman): Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Harshen Waje a 1967, da Mafi kyawun Screenplay (Gillo Pontecorvo da Franco Solinas da Darakta mafi kyau (Gillo Pontecorvo) a cikin 1969. Sauran lambobin yabo sun haɗa da lambar yabo ta Cinema City of Venice (1966), lambar yabo ta International Critics Award (1966), Kyautar City of Imola (1966), Kyautar Ribbon Azurfa ta Italiya (darektan, daukar hoto, furodusa), Kyautar Ajace na Cinema d 'Essai (1967), Golden Asphodel na Italiyanci (1966), Diosa de Plata a bikin Fim na Acapulco (1966), Golden Grolla (1966), Kyautar Riccione (1966), Mafi kyawun Fim na 1967 ta masu sukar Cuban (a cikin kuri'un da Mujallar Cuban Cine suka dauki nauyi), da Kyautar United Churches of America (1967).
Roger Ebert ya ba fim ɗin 4/4 taurari, yana kiran shi "fim mai girma" wanda "akwai a wannan matakin na gaskiya mai ɗaci. Yana iya zama ƙwarewar fim mai zurfi fiye da yadda yawancin masu sauraro za su iya jurewa: ma rashin kunya, ma gaskiya, ma rashin tausayi da kuma rashin tausayi. Game da yakin Aljeriya ne, amma wadanda ba su da sha'awar Aljeriya na iya maye gurbin wani yaƙi; Yaƙin Algiers yana da tsarin tunani na duniya.” Fim ɗin ya mamaye matsayi na 48 a cikin Manyan Fina-Finan 250 na Critics na 2012 Sight & Sound poll, da kuma matsayi na 120 a cikin jerin mujallu na Empire na 500 mafi girma na fina-finai na kowane lokaci. A cikin 2010, Empire kuma ya zama fim na 6 a cikin Mafi kyawun Fina-finan Duniya na 100. An zaɓi shi don shigar da jerin fina-finan Italiyanci 100 da za a tsira Daraktan fina-finai na Amurka Stanley Kubrick ya yaba wa fim ɗin da cewa: “Dukkan fina-finai, a ma’ana, labaran karya ne. Mutum yayi ƙoƙari ya kusanci gaskiya gwargwadon yiwuwa, kawai ba gaskiya bane. Akwai mutanen da suke yin abubuwa masu wayo, waɗanda suka burge ni kuma suka yaudare ni. Misali, Yakin Algiers Yana da ban sha'awa sosai." Har ila yau, a cewar Anthony Frewin, mataimakin Kubrick na sirri, ya ce: "Lokacin da na fara aiki a Stanley a watan Satumba na 1965, ya gaya mani cewa ba zan iya gane ainihin abin da fina-finai ke iya ba ba tare da ganin Yaƙin Algiers ba. Har yanzu yana sha’awar hakan tun kafin rasuwarsa.” Ba'amurke ɗan fim Steven Soderbergh ya lissafa fim ɗin a matsayin abin ƙarfafawa a kan fim ɗin Traffic yana lura cewa fim ɗin (tare da Costa-Gavras 's Z) yana da "wannan babban jin daɗin abubuwan da aka kama, maimakon shiryawa, wanda shine abin da muka kasance a baya. Ba'amurke ɗan fim Christopher Nolan ya lissafa fim ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ya fi so kuma ana yaba shi don ƙarfafa fina-finansa kamar The Dark Knight Rises da Dunkirk. Masanin ilimin Falasdinu-Ba-Amurke Edward Said (sanannen aikinsa na Orientalism) ya yaba da yakin Algiers (tare da sauran fim ɗin Pontecorvo, Burn!) kamar yadda fina-finai biyu"... sun tsaya ba tare da kwatankwacinsu ba tun lokacin da aka yi su a cikin 60s. Duk fina-finan tare sun zama ma'auni na siyasa da na ado ba su sake daidaitawa ba." Marubuci kuma mai fafutuka ɗan ƙasar Pakistan Tariq Ali ya sanya The Battle of Algiers a cikin jerin fina-finansa guda 10 da ya fito don kaɗa kuri’ar gani da sauti na fina-finan da suka fi kowane lokaci. Fim ɗin nan ɗan ƙasar Jamus Werner Herzog ya yaba da fim din kuma yana daya daga cikin ƴan fina-finan da ake buƙatar kallon daliban makarantar fina-finai. Mai shirya fina-finan Ingila Ken Loach ya lissafa fim ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fina-finansa 10 da ya fi so a kowane lokaci kuma ya bayyana tasirin fim ɗin a harkar fim ɗin da ya ce: “Ya yi amfani da ƴan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne. Yana da ƙananan maɓalli. Ya nuna tasirin mulkin mallaka a rayuwar yau da kullum. Wadannan fasahohin sun yi tasiri sosai a harkar fim… Na ga fim din lokacin da ya fito a 1966. Yana daya daga cikin adadin fina-finan da suka yi tasiri a kaina." A kan shafin yanar gizon tarawa na Rotten Tumatir, fim ɗin yana riƙe da ƙimar amincewa na 99% dangane da sake dubawa na 87, tare da matsakaicin ƙimar 9.06 10; Yarjejeniyar rukunin yanar gizon ta ce: "Bincike mai ƙarfi, mai kama da rubuce-rubuce na martani ga rundunar mamaya, Yaƙin Algiers bai ɗan tsufa ba tun lokacin da aka sake shi a 1966." A kan Metacritic, fim ɗin yana da nauyin nauyin nauyin 96 daga cikin 100 bisa ga masu sukar 22, yana nuna "yabo na duniya". Ba duk liyafar ta kasance tabbatacce ba. A Faransa, Cahiers du cinéma ya keɓe wani fasali na musamman ga fim ɗin wanda ya ƙunshi labarai guda biyar na masu suka, masana falsafa, da masanan fina-finai. Kimantawar da suka yi na fim ɗin gaba ɗaya an yi ta da kakkausan harshe, ta yadda "ya yi zagon ƙasa, bisa dalilai na ɗabi'a, haƙƙin duk wani mai suka ko manazarci da bai yi Allah-wadai da fim ɗin ba, ballantana duk wanda ya kuskura ya ɗauki fim ɗin ya cancanci kulawar fim."
An haramta shi a Faransa Ganin rarrabuwar kawuna kan yaƙin Aljeriya, fim ɗin ya haifar da cece-kuce na siyasa a Faransa kuma an dakatar da shi har tsawon shekaru biyar. Jama’a sun ci gaba da yin gardama kan dalilan yaki da mulkin mallaka, kuma sun sake yin gardama kan yadda aka nuna wadannan a cikin fim din. Wannan fim shine farkon samuwa ga Metropole Faransanci wanda ya fuskanci mulkin mallaka na Faransa kai tsaye. Daraktan ya samu barazanar kisa daga mutanen da ke da tausayi ga ra'ayin sojojin Faransa. Pontecorvo ya ce "Ƴan Algeriya ba su sanya wani cikas a hanyarmu ba saboda sun san cewa zan yi wani fim mai mahimmanci ko kaɗan game da batun. Hukumomin Faransa, waɗanda suka nuna matukar damuwa kan lamarin Aljeriya, sun haramta fim din na tsawon watanni uku." Saboda barazanar tashin hankali da kungiyoyin farkisanci suka yi ta yi, gwamnati ta hana nuna fim din na tsawon shekaru huɗu, kodayake Pontecorvo ya yi imanin cewa ya yi fim ne na siyasa.
Yaƙin Algiers da ƙungiyoyin ƴan daba Sakin Yaƙin Algiers ya zo daidai da lokacin da aka samu mulkin mallaka da kuma yaƙe-yaƙen ƴantar da ƙasa, da kuma yadda ake samun karuwar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na hagu a cikin kasashen yammacin duniya inda 'yan tsiraru masu yawa suka nuna sha'awar gwagwarmayar makami. Tun daga ƙarshen 1960s, Yaƙin Algiers ya sami suna don iza wutar rikicin siyasa; musamman dabarun yakin basasa na birni da ta'addanci a cikin fim din da ake zaton 'yan Black Panthers ne, da sojojin Jamhuriyar Ireland na wucin gadi, da kungiyar 'yantar da Falasɗinu da kuma Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front. Yaƙin Algiers a fili shine fim ɗin da Andreas Baader ya fi so.
Nunawa a duniya
Shekarun 1960 nunawa a Argentina Shugaba Arturo Frondizi Radical Civic Union, UCR) ya ba da umarnin gabatar da kwas na farko kan yaƙe-yaƙe na juyin juya hali a Kwalejin Soja mafi girma. A shekara ta 1963, 'yan makaranta a Makarantar Makarantun Navy (ESMA) sun fara karɓar azuzuwan yaƙi da tawaye. A daya daga cikin kwasa-kwasansu, an nuna musu fim din Yaƙin Algiers. Antonio Caggiano, babban Bishop na Buenos Aires daga shekarun 1959 zuwa 1975, yana da alaƙa da wannan a matsayin limamin soja. Ya gabatar da fim din cikin yarda da shi kuma ya kara masa sharhin da ya shafi addini. Daga baya an san ESMA a matsayin cibiyar yaƙin datti na Argentine da azabtarwa da cin zarafi na masu tayar da ƙayar baya da fararen hula marasa laifi.
Anibal Acosta, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan ESMA da aka yi hira da shi shekaru 35 bayan wata 'yar jarida ta Faransa Marie-Monique Robin, ya bayyana zaman:Sun nuna mana wancan fim din ne domin su shirya mana wani irin yaki da ya sha bamban da yaƙin da muka shiga makarantar sojan ruwa. Suna shirya mu don aikin ’yan sanda a kan farar hula, waɗanda suka zama sabon abokan gaba.
2003 nunawa Pentagon A lokacin 2003, manema labarai sun ba da rahoton cewa Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka (Pentagon) ta ba da hoton fim ɗin a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. Hukumar kula da ayyuka na musamman da rikice-rikicen da ba su da ƙarfi sun ɗauki hakan a matsayin mai amfani ga kwamandoji da sojojin da ke fuskantar irin wannan matsala a Iraqi da ta mamaye. Falo don tantancewa ya ce:
A cewar jami'in ma'aikatar tsaron da ke kula da wasan nuna fim din, "nuna fim din yana ba da haske a tarihi game da yadda Faransawa ke gudanar da ayyukanta a Aljeriya, kuma an yi niyya ne don a ba da bayani kan ƙalubale da Faransawa ke fuskanta."
2003-2004 sake sakin wasan kwaikwayo A lokacin binciken Pentagon na 2003, ana samun nau'ikan fim ɗin na doka da na "ɗan fashin teku VHS da DVD a cikin Amurka da sauran wurare, amma ingancin hoton ya ragu. An sake buga bugu a Italiya a cikin 1999. Hotunan Rialto sun sami haƙƙin rarrabawa don sake fitar da fim ɗin a cikin Birtaniya a cikin watan Disamba 2003 da kuma a Amurka da Faransa a cikin kwanaki daban-daban a 2004. An nuna fim ɗin a cikin Espace Accattone, rue Cujas a Paris, daga Nuwamba 15, 2006, zuwa Maris 6, 2007.
bugun 2004 Criterion DVD A ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, 2004, The Criterion Collection ya fitar da fim ɗin, an canja shi daga bugu da aka mayar, a cikin saitin DVD mai fayafai uku. A extras sun hada da tsohon US counter-ta'addanci mashawarci Richard A. Clarke da kuma Michael A. Sheehan tattauna The Battle of Algiers hoton na ta'addanci da yaƙin yaƙi. Daraktan Spike Lee, Mira Nair, Julian Schnabel, Steven Soderbergh, da Oliver Stone sun tattauna tasirinsa akan fim. Wani shirin gaskiya a cikin saitin ya haɗa da tattaunawa da kwamandojin FLN Saadi Yacef da Zohra Drif Bugun 2011 Criterion Blu-ray Wani sabon canja wurin dijital mai girma, wanda darektan daukar hoto Marcello Gatti ke kula da shi, ya fito da sharudɗa akan Blu-ray Disc a cikin shekarar 2011.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje The Battle of Algiers The Battle of Algiers The Battle of Algiers The Battle of Algiers The Battle of Algiers Gidan yanar gizon hukuma a Hotunan Rialto
Yaƙin Algiers: Bama-bamai da Boomerangs wani maƙala na Peter Matthews a Tarin Mahimmanci
Manazarta Fina-finai
Sinima a Afrika
Aljeriya
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20585 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami%27ar%20jihar%20Ekiti | Jami'ar jihar Ekiti | An kafa Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti a matsayin jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo (Obafemi Awolowo university) Ado-Ekiti a ranar 30 ga Maris din 1982 daga gwamnatin Cif Michael Adekunle Ajasin, gwamnan farar hula na farko na Jihar Ondo Jami'ar memba ce ta ƙungiyar Jami'o'in Commonwealth. Tana da nisan tafiyar mintuna 12 daga tsakiyar garin Ado-Ekiti, Jihar Ekiti a Yammacin Najeriya Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, kamar yadda aka sani a yau, ita ce kadai jami'a a Nijeriya da a cikin kwata na karni aka sauya sunan ta sau huɗu. An canza sunan zuwa Jami'ar Jihar Ondo a 1985, Jami'ar Ado-Ekiti a watan Nuwamba na 1999, da kuma zuwa sunan ta na Jihar Ekiti na Jami'ar Ado Ekiti a watan Satumba na 2011.
Takaitaccen Tarihi
Ƙirƙira A ranar 14 ga Janairun 1981, Cif Adekunle Ajasin karkashin jagorancin gwamnatin farar hula ta jihar Ondo, ya ba da sanarwar aniyarshi ta kafa jami’a mai yawan jami’o’i a jihar kuma aka kafa kwamitin tsare-tsare na mambobi 16. Sakamakon atisayen ya haifar da kafuwar jami’ar a watan Maris na 1982, lokacin da gwamnatin jihar ta kirkiro wata jami’a mai suna Obafemi Awolowo University, Ado-Ekiti kuma ta nada Farfesa. IO Oladapo a matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'a na farko tare da wadanda ke cikin majalisar farko da Cif BA Ajayi ya jagoranta a ranar 28 ga Maris 1982. Jami'ar ta fara ne ta hanya mai kyau daga tsohon gidan hutawa a Akure kuma ta koma wani wuri na wucin gadi a Ado-Ekiti inda aka fara laccoci ba da jimawa ba tare da dalibai 136 da suka bazu a Kwalejin nuna gwaninta (Faculty of Arts) Kimiyya da Kimiyyar Zamani. Yayin zaman 1983/84, an kafa sababbin kwasa-kwasai don ƙarfafa ƙwarewar da ke akwai; wadannan sun hada da ilimin kasa, ilmin halitta, ilmin sunadarai, Faransanci, karatun Yarbanci, falsafa, karatun addini, kimiyyar siyasa da halayyar dan adam Malami na huɗu, Fannin ilimi, an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1983/84 yana ƙara ɗaliban ɗalibai zuwa 724. A cikin zama na 1985/86, an kafa Fannin ƙere-ƙere (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical) da Ma'aikatar Banki da Kudi. An kafa Sashin Shari'a a lokacin zaman 1991/92 kuma an kafa fannin kimiyya, Aikin Noma a cikin 2001, yana kawo Kwarewar zuwa 8 gaba ɗaya kuma ɗaliban ɗalibai na 10,000. Yawan ɗalibai yanzu ya wuce 25,000 wanda aka yada a cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi daban-daban. A yau jami'a tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen digiri a fannoni 66 na kwarewar ilimin kimiyya a duk fannonin da ke akwai da kuma shirye-shiryen ilimi, daga Makarantar Nazarin na masu digiri na biyu shugaban Cigaban Ilimi, Daraktan Sashin Lokaci na Lokaci, Daraktan Shirye-shiryen Digiri na Ilimin Sanwic, Makarantun Haɗin gwiwa, Cibiyar Ilimi, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Laburari ta Kimiyya, Daraktan Shirye-shiryen Digiri na farko, Sashin Nazarin Janar, Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwanci da Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaba, da sauransu. Fannonin sun karu daga 8 a 2001 zuwa 10 a 2010 tare da kirkirar Kwalejin Magunguna wanda ke dauke da fannin sanin tushen magani da kimiyya (Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences) da fannin da ya shafi ƙananan asibiti a kimiyance Faculty of Clinical Sciences yayin amfani da Babban Asibitin Koyarwa na Jihar Ekiti, Ado- Ekiti.
Canza suna A shekarar 1984, mallakar Jami'ar ya kasance karkashin mulkin soja na jihar Ondo tun lokacin da mulkin kasar ya koma karkashin mulkin soja A shekarar 1985, gwamnati a matsayinta na mai mallakar jami’ar ta soke manufofin jami’o’i da yawa da kuma wuraren zama tare da sauya sunan zuwa Jami’ar Jihar Ondo, Ado-Ekiti (Canjin sunan Jami'ar bai shafi wurin ba wurin harabar a Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria Ana iya yin tunani a cikin bayanan Hukumar Jami'o'in (Najeriya), ofungiyar Jami'o'in Commonwealth da sauran bayanan jama'a. Tasirin canjin siyasa akan mallakar jami'a da suna A cikin 1996, Gwamnatin Sojan Tarayyar Najeriya ta kirkiro karin sabbin jihohi 6 zuwa jihohi 30 na Tarayyar Najeriya. Jihar Ekiti ta Najeriya tana daga cikin sabbin jihohi 6 kuma an sassaka ta ne daga cikin jihar Ondo wacce aka kirkira ta a farkon 1976 daga rusasshiyar jihar yammacin Najeriya. Saboda kirkirar jihar, an raba kadarorin tattalin arziki, cibiyoyi da cibiyoyin da mallakar jihar Ondo a baya ga sabuwar jihar Ekiti. Saboda haka mallakar Jami'ar Jihar Ondo, Ado-Ekiti ya kasance karkashin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Gwamnatocin jihar Ekiti da ta Ondo. A shekarar 1998, saboda rugujewar yarjejeniya kan rabon kadara da tafiyar da Jami'ar Jihar Ondo, Ado-Ekiti tsakanin gwamnatocin jihohin Ondo da Ekiti, gwamnatin jihar Ondo ta kirkiro da sabuwar jami'a mai suna Jami'ar Jihar Ondo a Akungba Akoko, a Jihar Ondo (Jami'ar Jihar Ondo, Akungba Akoko daga baya aka sauya mata suna zuwa Jami'ar Adekunle Ajasin, Akungba Akoko yayin da Gwamnatin Jihar Ondo kuma ta kirkiro Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ondo a Okitipupa a 2003). Dangane da shawarar manufofin da gwamnatin Ondo ta dauka, gwamnatin jihar Ekiti ta karbe mallaki, ikon gudanarwa da kudaden jami'ar jihar Ondo da ke Ado-Ekiti sannan ta samar da wata doka da za ta sauya sunan zuwa Jami'ar Ado-Ekiti. Gwamnatin Ekiti kuma ta dauki matakai don tabbatar da cewa duk bayanan da kaddarorin jami'ar sun kasance yadda suke. A bisa doka, Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti ta mayar da duk kadarori, basussuka da kuma bayanan Jami’ar Jihar Ondo, Ado-Ekiti zuwa Jami’ar Ado-Ekiti, kuma an sanar da Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta kasa game da canjin.
Ci gaban Siyasa a jihar Ekiti (2007–11) da tasirin sa A shekarar 2007, aka kafa sabuwar Gwamnati ta farar hula a jihar Ekiti. Gwamnatin ta kafa sabbin Jami’o’i mallakar jihar guda biyu, ban da tsohuwar Jami’ar Ado-Ekiti. Sunayen Jami'o'in biyu sune Jami'ar Ilimi, Ikere-Ekiti da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha, Ifaki-Ekiti. Waɗannan Jami'o'in guda biyu, tare da tsohuwar Jami'ar Ado-Ekiti, Nijeriya, an sami kuɗin ne daga baitul malin ɗin jama'a; wannan ya yi matukar illa ga jakar kuɗin jama'a kuma ya haifar da rarrabuwar tsarin ilimi. A shekara ta 2010, an samu canjin gwamnati a Ekiti kuma sabuwar gwamnatin ta kira taron ilmi a duk fadin jihar a shekarar 2011 don la’akari da hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don dorewar ilimin manyan makarantu da kuma samar da kudade ga cibiyoyin gwamnati mallakar gwamnatin jihar Ekiti. Wani bangare na shawarar da aka yanke a taron shi ne hade jami'o'in kasar guda uku a matsayin cibiyoyin gwamnati daya. Gwamnatin Ekiti ta hanyar doka ta hade Jami'ar Ado-Ekiti, Jami'ar Ilimi, da Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha, zuwa sabuwar jami'a mai suna Jami'ar Ekiti. Bayan haka, Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa da ke Abuja ta bai wa Jami’ar lasisin karfafa duk wasu kadarori da bayanan jami’o’in uku a matsayin cibiya daya. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, masu hannu da shuni sun nuna bambancin ra'ayi game da ci gaban jami'ar kamar Dokta Lawrence Omolayo wacce ta ba da gudummawar rukunin gudanarwa wanda ya kunshi ofisoshi 271, Aare Afe Babalola Babban Lauyan Najeriya ya gina kuma ya samar da kujeru 350. Dokta Ahmed Aliyu Mustapha ya gina katafaren dakin karantarwar karatu mai kujeru 400 yayin da al'umar Ado-Ekiti suka gina katafariyar sashen koyar da ilimin shari'a. Kole Ajayi ya jagoranci Kungiyar Tsoffin Daliban suka gina cibiyar tsofaffin daliban jami’ar a shekarar 2002 yayin da Dr. JET Babatola ya jagoranci kungiyar tsofaffin daliban suka gina Kwalejin Shari’a da Kotu a 2009. Asusun Amincewar Ilimi ya gina wurin zama 1,200 da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na lacca mai kujeru 750, sabon rukunin laburare, rukunin ofis na Kimiyyar Noma, sabon Fannin ilimin zamantakewa (Faculty of Social science Arts) da ofisoshin Ilimi. Da (Shell Petroleum) kwanan nan ya kafa cibiyar fasahar sadarwar bayanai a cikin jami’ar baya ga gudummawar NUC ɗakunan karatu na zamani da Ilimin Ilimi wanda ya ba da kyautar komputa da saba ga Jami'ar.
Yawancin shirye-shiryen jami'a a yanzu suna jin daɗin amincewa yayin da wasu ke jin daɗin amincewa na ɗan lokaci. Kusan duk ayyukan karatun jami'a suna da alaƙa da ɗayan kan layi ko ɗayan. Jami'ar na ci gaba da gudanar da atisayen neman izini a matsayin zababben ma'aikata a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Majalisar Jami'ar kuma kwanan nan ta kafa wani asusun bayar da tallafi ga marasa karfi amma hazikan dalibai tare da bayar da gudummawar farko na N1million wanda ke nuna cewa matsalar rashin wadatar zuci ta zama gaske a jami'ar saboda yanayin tattalin arziki da kuma tsadar karatun Ilimin Jami'a. Jami'ar na da iyakantattun wuraren zama da wuraren wasanni don ma'aikata da ɗalibai a ciki da wajen babban harabar.
Gudanarwa Wadannan suna daga cikin manyan membobin hukumar Jami'ar:
Baƙo
Dr. John Kayode Fayemi
Mai girma Gwamna, Shugaban Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti na Najeriya
HRH Alhaji Lamido Sanusi, tsohon Sarkin Kano
Mataimakin shugaban jami'ar (Pro-Chancellor) da kuma Shugaban Majalisar
Farfesa T. Omole
Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a
Farfesa Edward Olanipekun
Tsangayoyi Kimiyyar Noma
Kirkira
Likita
Kiwon Lafiya
Ilimi
Injiniya
Shari'a Kimiyyar Siyasa
Kimiyya
Kimiyyar Zamani
Cibiyoyi Cibiyar Wasanni
Laburaren
Cibiyar ICT
Jami'ar Jarida
Lambunan botanikal (Botanical)
Gonar Jami'ar
Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Jami'ar
Cibiyar Ilimi
Cibiyar Kimiyyar Laburari da kimiyya (Laboratory Science)
Cibiyar Bunkasa Yan Kasuwa
Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaba
Makarantar Karatun Digiri na biyu
Shirin Lokaci
Shirin Sanwic (sandwich)
Shirin sharar fage shiga digiri (Pre-Degree)
Kwalejojin haɗin gwiwa
Gidajen zama Jami'ar tana zaune tare da Gidajen zama don ɗalibai maza da mata. Dakunan kwanan dalibai masu zaman kansu suna gudanar da harabar-harabar kusa da Jami'ar da cikin garin Jami'ar ta masu mallakar su. Hakanan akwai tanadi don masaukin ƙananan ɗalibai, ana yin ɗakunan zauren ƙasa:
Dakunan kwanan dalibai (hade)
Dakunan kwanan dalibai na Ajasin Abiola (mace) Dakunan kwanan dalibai mata masu zaman kansu sun kunshi bangarori biyu wadanda suke kusa da Kwalejin Ilimi da fasaha.
Dakunan kwanan dalibai na Gwamnati (AKA Tatan, a hade) sun hada da Hall Hall guda hudu A, B, C da D. Block A da B sune Dakunan kwanan maza yayin da Block C da D dakunan kwanan mata ne.
Dakunan kwanan dalibai na Makaranta (gauraye)
Iworoko Dakunan kwanan dalibai (gauraye)
Dakunan kwanan dalibai na Osekita (gauraye)
Dakunan kwanan dalibai na Omolayo (gauraye)
Anglican Dakunan kwanan dalibai (mace)
Cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa A ƙasa akwai jerin cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa na Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti wanda Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'in Najeriya (NUC) ta amince da shi. Michael Otedola Kwalejin Ilimin Firamare, Noforija Epe Lagos
Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Duniya (ISM) Lagos
Emmanuel Alayande Kwalejin Ilimi, Oyo
Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara, Oro
Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara, Ilorin
Adeniran Ogunsanya Kwalejin Ilimi Otto, Ijanikin, Lagos
Tsoffin Daliban jami'ar Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata, dan kasuwar fasaha kuma mai gabatarwa a Channels TV Kunle Ajayi, Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa da kuma kula da rikice-rikice a jami’ar
Yabo Fowowe, marubucin Najeriya kuma mai magana
Joshua Kayode, Farfesan Kimiyyar Shuka a jami’ar
Gidan Tarihi na abubuwan more rayuwa Pages with unreviewed translations
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17348 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa | Khalifa | Khalifa ko Khalifah (Larabci: ),Ya kasan ce suna ne ko kuma lakabi wanda ke nufin "magaji", "mai mulki" ko kuma "shugaba". Yana fi nufin shugaban na wani Khalifanci, amma kuma an yi amfani da matsayin da take tsakanin daban-daban Musulunci addini kungiyoyin da umarni. Wani lokaci ana kiran Khalifa da "kalifa". Akwai khalifofi guda hudu bayan Annabi Muhammed ya mutu, farawa da Abubakar. Wannan yanke shawara ce mai wahala mutane su yanke, domin babu wanda ya taba tunani tare da hangen nesa game da wanda zai yi mulki bayan ya mutu. Daga nan ne aka fafata da Khilaafat (ko Kalifa kuma hakan ya haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna ta kungiyar Musulunci ta Musulunci zuwa kungiyoyi biyu, Sunni da Shi'a wadanda ke fassara kalmar, Khalifa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Amfani da farko na Musulunci sun hada da Khaleefa (ḥ) a cikin Kur'ani, 2:30, inda Allah ya umarci mala'iku suyi ruku'u ga Adam wanda ya fi bayyana jagora ga asalin ma'anar Larabci na gargajiya a matsayin kalmar "Mataimakin", ko yiwo alaka wakilin Allah a cikin surar mutum wata rahama ga mutãne. Dubi kuma yadda wannan ma'ana interacts da kalma, Shirk (shirkin da wani abokin tarayya ko abokan zuwa Allah da (misali) yi musu sujada (a wannan yanayin, Adam tare da girmamawa. Don haka, "Mataimakinsa" ya fi "mai magana da yawun Allah" fiye da "mataimakin" a cikin wannan mahallin kuma ya kai ga gano matsayin Imam a cikin Musulunci, ta mahangar Shi'i ko Shi'a inda, ana da'awar, Khilaafat ta ruhaniya ko sanya sunan Khaleefa a cikin wannan ma'anar ta jagora ta ruhaniya da ta ɗan lokaci ta sauka kan imami na farko, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, "wanda aka fi so" (wanda ya karɓi aikinsa daga ɗan uwansa Muhammed da kansa amma shi ma yarda da Khilaafat zuwa ga zaben da kuma da'awar shugaban da ya fi karfi da siyasa kuma shugaban da ya fi shahara da babban sa, Abu Bakr A cikin dan Shi'a al'ada, duk da haka, da narkar da da'awar da Khilaafat da 'Ali sa'an nan daskarar cikin Imamat wanda ya ci gaba da zuriyarsa bayan shi ta hanyar saduwa da nass, ko nadi).
Ra'ayi Halifa
Halifanci
Khalifatul Masih
A Sufanci tasawwuf Khalifa halifa ne mai maye gurbin waliyi, a cikin tsarin Sufanci
Ra’ayin yan Shi’a ga Ali
Mutane masu rai Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (An haife shi a 1948), Sarkin Abu Dhabi kuma shugaban UAE
Khalifa Haftar (An haife shi a 1943), kwamandan sojojin Libya
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), tsohon Sarkin Qatar r 1995–2013 Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa (An haife shi a shekara ta 1952), Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 61
Marcel Khalife (An haife shi a shekara ta 1950), mawaƙin Labanon
Peter Khalife (An haife shi a shekara ta 1990), wakilin wasan ƙwallon ƙasar Lebanon
Omer Khalifa (An haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan wasan Sudan
Rafik Khalifa (An haife shi a shekara ta 1966), attajirin ɗan Algeria
Osama Khalifa (An haife shi a 1995), ɗan wasan ƙwallon squash na Masar
Sam Khalifa (An haife shi a 1963), ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball na Amurka
Mutane masu tarihi Adam, Halitta ta farko da aka faɗi a cikin Nassosi Masu Tsarki cewa za a halicce ta da siffar mutum kuma shi ne farkon halifan Musulunci wanda Allah ya naɗa
Khalifa ibn Khayyat (c. 777 c. 854), masanin tarihin larabawa
Khalifa Keita r 1274–1275 mansa na huɗu na Daular Mali
Katip Çelebi, ko Hajji Khalifa, (1599-1658), marubucin Ottoman-Baturke
Abdallahi ibn Muhammad (1846-1899), wanda aka sani da "The Khalifa", shugaban Mahdist na Sudan
Khalifa bin Harub na Zanzibar (1879-1960), sarkin Zanzibar
Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa (1919–2006), ɗan siyasan Sudan
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani (1932–2016), Sarkin Qatar r 1972–1995 Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990), masanin kimiyyar nazarin halittu a Masar
Mohammed Jamal Khalifa (1957–2007), ɗan kasuwar Saudi Arabiya
Daular Khalifa Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Sarkin Bahrain
Meriam Al Khalifa
Duba kuma Amir ko sarki
Bey
Baig ko Begh
Imam
Kalifa (disambiguation)
Malik
Mir (take), kanta anyi amfani dashi a cikin mahadi daban-daban
Mirza, a zahiri "ɗan sarki ne"
Murabitun Duniya motsi
Yarima
Rana (take)
Sheikh
Sayyid
Shah
Sultan
Vizier
Manazarta Musulunci
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15243 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola%20Shoneyin | Lola Shoneyin | Lola Shoneyin (an haifi Titilola Atinuke Alexandrah Shoneyin; a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1974 a Ibadan, Nigeria mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya ’yar Nijeriya wacce ta ƙaddamar da littafinta na farko, Sirrin Rayuwar Matan Baba Segi, a Burtaniya a cikin watan Mayu shekarar 2010. Shoneyin ta kirkiri suna a matsayin mai son kasada, mai barkwanci da kuma fadin magana (galibi ana sanya ta a cikin tsarin mata), bayan da ta wallafa wakoki uku. A cikin watan Afrilun shekarar 2014 an kuma sanya ta cikin jerin mawaka na Afirka a jerin 39 na marubutan Afirka 39 da suka Sahara waɗanda shekarunsu ba su kai 40 ba tare da ƙwarewa da hazaka don ayyana yanayin adabin Afirka. Lola ta lashe lambar yabo ta PEN a Amurka haka kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Ken Saro-Wiwa a harkar rubutu a Najeriya. Ita ma tana cikin jerin wadanda za a ba su kyautar Orange a Burtaniya saboda littafinta na farko, Sirrin Matan Baba Segi, a shekarar 2010. Tana zaune a Legas, Nijeriya, inda take gudanar da bikin Aké Arts da Book Festival duk shekara A cikin shekara ta 2017, an ba ta suna ta Mutum na Adabin Afirka na bywararren tlewararriyar Britwararru Tarihin rayuwa
Rayuwar farko Titilola Atinuke Alexandrah Shoneyin an haife ta a Ibadan, babban birnin jihar Oyo, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, a cikin shekarar 1974. Ita ce kuma 'yar auta a cikin' ya'ya shida kuma mace tilo. Iyayenta, Cif Tinuoye Shoneyin da Mrs. Yetunde Shoneyin née Okupe), yan asalin Remo ne daga jihar Ogun Rayuwar Shoneyin tana da tasiri matuka ga rayuwarta, musamman samar da abubuwa game da auren mata fiye da daya don sabon littafinta na farko; kakanta na wajen uwa, Abraham Olayinka Okupe (a shekarar 1896 da shekara ta 1976) shi ne basaraken gargajiya na Iperu Remo kuma yana da mata biyar. Ya hau gadon sarauta a shekarar 1938 ya mutu a shekara ta 1976.
Ilimi da aiki Tana da shekara shida, ta tafi makarantar allo a Burtaniya, ta halarci Makarantar Cargilfield, Edinburgh Makarantar Collegiate, Winterbourne, Bristol, da Fettes Junior School a Edinburgh Ta dawo gida Najeriya bayan da gwamnatin soja ta daure mahaifinta a lokacin, ta yi karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Abadina. Daga baya ta yi digirinta na BA (Hons) daga Jami'ar Jihar Ogun a shekarar 1994/95.
Rubutun farkon Shoneyin ya kunshi shayari da gajerun labarai. Misalan farko na aikinta sun bayyana a cikin Post Express a shekara ta 1995, wanda ke ba da wani ɗan gajeren labari game da wata mata 'yar Nijeriya da ta bar mijinta don wata mata' yar Austriya. Wannan labarin ya fara tattaunawa game da luwadi a cikin yanayin Najeriya.
Littafin wakokinta na farko, Don haka Duk Lokacin da take zaune a kan Kwai, gidan Ovalonion, Nigeria, ne ya buga shi a shekarar 1998. Shoneyin ta halarci shahararren Shirin Rubutun Duniya a Iowa, Amurka, a watan Agusta 1999 kuma ta kasance a wannan shekarar Mashahurin Malami ne a Jami'ar St. Thomas (Minnesota) Littafin wakokinta na biyu, Song of a Riverbird, an buga shi a Nijeriya (Gidan Ovalonion) a shekarar 2002. Yayin da take zaune a Ingila, ta sami digiri na koyarwa daga Jami'ar Metropolitan ta London a 2005.
Shoneyin ta kammala littafinta na farko a shekarar 2000. Littattafinta na biyu, Harlot, ya dan sami shahara, amma labarin wata yarinya da ta tashi cikin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya har ta samu arziki a matsayin "Madame" har yanzu ba a buga shi ba. Shoneyin ta koma kan littafinta na uku, Sirrin Rayuwar Matan Baba Segi, wanda aka buga shi a shekarar 2010. Kamfanin rogo na rogo, Nijeriya, ya buga waƙoƙin Shoneyin na uku, don ofaunar Jirgin, a cikin Fabrairu 2010. Mayowa da Masquerades, littafin yara, shi ma Jamhuriyar congo ta buga shi, a watan Yulin shekarar 2010.
Rayuwa ta sirri Tana auren likitan likitoci Olaokun Soyinka, ɗan lambar yabo ta Nobel Wole Soyinka Ayyuka
Litattafai Sirrin Rayuwar Matan Baba Segi, London: Wutsiyar Maciji, Mayu 2010. Wadanda aka zaba cikin wadanda aka zaba domin samun kyautar Orange a shekara ta 2011, lashe lambar yabo ta adabi ta PEN Oakland Josephine Miles ta shekarar 2011 sannan kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta kungiyar marubutan Najeriya biyu. An fassara shi zuwa harsuna bakwai, an buga shi a cikin Italiyanci azamanin Prudenti Come Serpenti Gajerun labarai "Mace a Lokacinta", Post Express Jaridu, 1996
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Yanar Gizo
Hirar Matan Mace ta BBC, 6 Afrilu 2010
Haifaffun 1974
Mata
Ƴan Najeriya
Pages with unreviewed |
25403 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Tabor | Grace Tabor | Ina Grace Tabor (24 Maris 1874, Cuba, New York 15 Oktoba 1971) ta kasance ƴaran ƙasar Amurka landscape architect, mai zane, Marubuciya, kuma edita. Ta zamo ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka bayyana kanta a matsayin mai zanen landscape architect. An fi saninta da mawallafiya a kan batutuwan zanen landscape design, da aikin gona-(horticulture). Ita ce marubucin littattafan lambu guda goma, yawancinsu an buga su tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1921.
Tarihin rayuwa da ilimi
An haifi Grace Tabor a ranar 24 ga Maris 1874 a Cuba, New York. Ta yi karatu a Arts Students League da kuma New York School of Applied Design for Women duka a birnin New York. Tabor ta sami horon aikin lambu a Arnold Arboretum na Jami'ar Harvard University. A cikin 1905, Tabor, ta fara tsara rubutu da zane don wallafe-wallafen kamar a Mujallar The Garden Magazine da Country Life. Ta zama editan Mujallar The Garden Magazine (daga baya The American Home); Mataimakin Daraktan, Makarantar Aikin Noma ta Jihar New York akan Long Island.
Tabor, ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta (ta balaga) a yankin birnin New York. Bayan ta yi ritaya, ta koma kudu, tana zama a jihohi daban-daban.
Aiki
A cikin 1914-1915 Tabor, ta fara aikin (landscape architecture) a asirce, musamman a kusa da birnin New York. Ta gwammace ta tsara lambuna don masu matsakaicin kuɗin shiga maimakon masu arziki. Sakamakon haka, ba a rubuta gonakinta a cikin wallafe-wallafe ba. Hukumar Lambun Yaƙi ta Ƙasa-(The National War Garden Commission) ta aika da ita yawon shakatawa na talla a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya (WW1), don sha'awar samar da abinci a cikin Lambunan Yaƙi. Bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, an naɗa ta shugabar sashin aikin gona na kwamitin Miss Anne Morgan na Faransa, kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi a lokacin kasancewar kwamitin.
A cikin 1920 Tabor ta rubuta wani littafi Come into the Garden inda ta yi magana game da yawan amfani da tsirai, tana ƙarfafa gwaiwar masu lambu.
A cikin 1923 a matsayin ta na mai zane, mujallar Woman’s Home Companion ta nemi ta kafa Sashen Lambun a cikin wannan mujallar kuma ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin editanta. Ta fara aiki a mujallar har zuwa 1941. Ta hanyar Woman's Home Companion, wanda a lokacin tana cikin manyan mujallun mata a ƙasar. Ta bambanta tsohon da sabon salon aikin lambu tare da zane mai hoto na shimfidar wuri kafin da bayan gyare-gyare, ta sanya alamar "kafin" a matsayin "kuskure a cikin shimfidar wuri". Rubutu da take ma Woman's Home Companion an ɗauke shi a matsayin gungun masu ba da shawara mata game da batun.
Tabor ta rubuta littattafan lambu guda goma, yawancinsu an buga su tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1921. Daga cikin muhimman littattafan akwai The Landscape Gardening Book (1911) da Come into the Garden (1921). A cikin littafinta Old-Fashioned Gardening (1913) Tabor ta gabatar wa da masu karatu, lambuna na Amurka, Mulkin Mallaka. A cikin 1951 Tabor ta buga littafinta na ƙarshe Making a Garden of Perennials.
A cikin 1932 ta ba da shawarar dasa sabbin bishiyoyi miliyan 10 a Amurka don bikin cika shekaru biyu na haihuwar George Washington.
Ta kasance edita na Mujallar Tsirrai, Fure da 'Ya'yan itace ta ƙasa. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa sosai ga mujallar House and Garden, tana rubuta akan lambu a kowane wata da labarai masu zurfi game da aikin lambu.
Wallafe-wallafen
1911 The landscape gardening book, wherein are set down the simple laws of beauty and utility which should guide the development of all grounds
1911 The garden primer; a practical handbook on the elements of gardening for beginners
1912 Making a garden to bloom this year
1912 Making the grounds attractive with shrubs
1912 Making the grounds attractive with shrubbery
1912 Making a bulb garden
1913 Old-Fashioned gardening; a history and a reconstruction
1913 Suburban gardens
1916 Wonderdays and wonderways through flowerland; a summer adventure of once upon a time
1921 Come into the garden
1934 Herbs in cooking
1951 Making a garden of perennials
Mutuwa
Ta mutu a shekarar 1973.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Grace Tabor on |
30759 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosa%20Igiebor%20%28dan%20jarida%29 | Nosa Igiebor (dan jarida) | Nosa Igiebor (an haife shi 25 Disamba 1952) ɗan jaridar Najeriya ne kuma edita. A shekarar 1993, ya samu lambar yabo ta ‘yan jarida ta kasa da kasa ta kwamitin kare hakkin ƴan jarida bisa labarin da mujallarsa ta Tell yi kan mulkin soja na Sani Abacha Farkon aiki Bayan kammala karatun sa da banbanci a Cibiyar Aikin Jarida ta Ghana, Igiebor ya fara aikinsa a gidan talabijin na Najeriya da ke jihar Edo, inda muƙaminsa na ƙarshe ya kasance babban editan labarai. Ma'aikaci na gaba shine National Concord Group, inda ya kasance editan labarai. Ya bar wurin ya zama mataimakin babban editan mujallar labarai ta Najeriya Newswatch.
A cikin 1991, Igiebor ya kafa mujallar labarai mai zaman kanta Tell kuma ya zama babban editan ta. Kamar Igiebor, yawancin 'yan jarida na Tell sun zo mujallar daga Newswatch, bayan da aka kashe editanta Dele Giwa ta hanyar bam na wasiƙa kuma manufofin edita ya zama rashin tsoro.
Fada ƙasidun da aka buga na sukar gwamnati da sojoji, lamarin da ya sa dangantakar mujallar ta yi tsami da shugaban mulkin soja Ibrahim Babangida A watan Afrilun 1993, lokacin da mujallar ta gabatar da wata hira da Janar Olusegun Obasanjo mai ritaya a matsayin labarinta, gwamnati ta kwace kwafin Tell 50,000 kuma aka tilastawa ma’aikatan su boye. Sun ci gaba da bugawa a matsayin tabloid, duk da haka, sun zama "na farko na Guerrilla tabloids na Najeriya na zamani".
Faɗa a zamanin Abacha A ranar 12 ga watan Yunin 1993, Babangida ya soke sakamakon zaben shugaban kasar da aka gudanar bayan da dan takarar adawa Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola ya yi nasara. Sannan Janar Sani Abacha ya kwace mulki a wani juyin mulki a matsayin sabon shugaban Najeriya.
Tun farkon mulkin Abacha, Tell ya ɗauki wani salo mai ma'ana a cikin rahotannin gwamnatinsa. Igiebor ya kafa wata manufar da mujallar ba za ta taba kiran Abacha a matsayin “shugaban kasa ba”, inda ya fifita kalmomin “junta” ko “mai mulkin kama karya” don kwatanta mulkinsa.
Gwamnatin ta mayar da martani da wani kamfen na cin zarafi da daure ma’aikatan mujallar, da kuma ƴan jarida daga wasu wallafe-wallafen, lamarin da ya sa kwamitin kare ‘yan jarida ya fitar da wani rahoto da ke kwatanta ‘yan jaridu masu zaman kansu a Najeriya a matsayin “cikin mawuyacin hali”. A watan Maris na 1995, an kama George Mbah, mataimakin editan mujallar, aka daure shi a kan tuhumar "yunƙurin juyin mulkin soja", kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 25 a kurkuku ta wata kotun soja ta asirce. A ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, yayin da Igiebor ke barin gidansa da ke Legas domin zuwa ofishin Tell jami’an tsaron jihar su shida suka kama shi, suka kai shi hedikwatar hukumar tsaro ta jihar. Jami’an sun kuma kama kwafi 55,000 na fitowar Kirsimeti ta Tell mai dauke da labarin da ya caccaki Abacha. Manajin, Onome Osifo-Whiskey, ya buya. Ragowar ma’aikatan sun fitar da wata sanarwa bayan kamen, inda suka ce ta’addancin gwamnati da mugunyar zagon kasa ba za su tilasta mana mu yi watsi da imaninmu na ‘yanci da adalci da bin doka da oda ba.
Dauri An saka Igiebor a gidan yari kuma an hana shi shiga danginsa, lauya, da kuma kula da lafiyarsa. A ranar 8 ga watan Janairun 1996, wata babbar kotun tarayya da ke Legas ta ba da umarnin a bar matar Igiebor, Harit Igiebor, ta ziyarci mijinta domin ta ba shi wasu magunguna da ake bukata, amma da ta ziyarci gidan yari washegari, an hana ta shiga. A wannan watan, gwamnati ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a tuhumi Igiebor a ƙarƙashin "Dokar 2 na 1984 saboda aikata laifukan da suka shafi tsaron jihar". A watan Fabrairu, jami'an tsaron jihar sun ƙwace kwafin Tell 100,000, kuma lauyan Igiebor ya shigar da kara a kan gwamnatin tarayya kan dalar Amurka $1,400,000. Daga nan sai aka daure lauyan da kansa ba tare da an tuhume shi ba. Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya kaddamar da kamfen na rubuta wasiƙa yana neman a sake shi, kamar yadda Amnesty International ta yi. Ƙungiyar ta ƙarshe kuma ta sanya shi fursuna na lamiri Ya ci gaba da tsare shi ba tare da boye-boye ba na tsawon sama da watanni shida, har zuwa ranar 24 ga watan Yunin 1996, lokacin da aka sake shi tare da wasu fursunonin siyasa shida.
Kyaututtuka da karramawa A cikin shekara ta 1993, Kwamitin Kare Yan Jaridu ya ba Igiebor lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Jarida ta Duniya, "labari na shekara-shekara na aikin jarida mai jaruntaka". Bill Orme, editan CPJ, ya yi tsokaci: "Abin da ya bambanta Nosa shi ne cewa har yanzu yana samarwa kuma kungiyarsa (Tell) tana ba da rahoton labarai cikin sauri da kuma yaki". A cikin 1998, Nosa Igiebor da ma'aikatan mujallar Tell gabaɗaya an ba su lambar yabo ta musamman don aikin jarida na kare hakkin ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin barazanar Amnesty International UK Media Awards Sanarwar kyautar ta bayyana cewa; "Tell ta ci gaba da bugawa a tsawon lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Najeriya duk da tursasawa, tsangwama da tsarewa ba tare da tuhumar Mista Igiebor da sauran manyan jami'an Tell ba.", Cigaba na yanzu Igiebor yanzu shine shugaban TELL Communications tare da Dele Omotunde da Osifo Whiskey. Bayan zamanin mulkin soja a Najeriya, Igiebor da sauran 'yan jarida a Najeriya ba sa son aikin jarida.
Manazarta Haifaffun 1952
Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
8283 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka | Osaka | Osaka (lafazi /osaka/) Birni ne, da ke a kasar Japanise. Osaka yana da yawan jama'a 19,341,976 bisa ga jimillar shekara ta 2012. An gina birnin Osaka kafin karni na biyar kafin haifuwan annabi Isah. Shugaban birnin Osaka shine Hirofumi Yoshimura. Ōsaka, birni da babban birnin Ōsaka fu (babban birni), kudu maso tsakiyar Honshu, Japanis. Garin, tare da makwabtan garin Kōbe da Kyōto na kusa, su ne cibiyoyin Keihanshin Yankin Masana'antu, birni na biyu mafi girma a cikin birni da haɓaka masana'antu a Japan. Ōsaka yana gefen Tekun Ōsaka a ƙarshen gabashin Tekun Inland, a gaɓar Kogin Yodo. Yankin babban birninta ya bazu akan tsaunuka kuma zuwa cikin tsaunukan ruwa na Yodo, Yamato, da sauran koguna. Kōbe tana gefen arewa maso yammacin gabar Ōsaka Bay, kimanin mil 20 (kilomita 30) yamma da Ōsaka. Yanayin yana da yanayi mai kyau, tare da sanyin hunturu da lokacin zafi, rani mai zafi; ruwan sama na shekara-shekara kusan inci 54 ne (1,360 mm). Yankin yana cikin mahaukaciyar guguwa a watan Satumba, wanda wani lokaci yakan zama bala'i.
Titunan akasaka an shimfida su ta hanyar layin grid, yankin arewa zuwa kudu shine Midō Street da kuma gabas-yamma axin Chūō ōdōri ("Central Thoroughfare"). Titin Hommachi yana gabas daga tashar zuwa Castsaka Castle, wanda asalin sarkin yaki Toyotomi Hideyoshi ya gina a karni na 16. Daidaici zuwa Midō Street shine kunkuntar titin Shinsaibashi, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar cin kasuwa ta tsakiya. Babban gundumar kasuwanci tana zaune a arewacin gari, kuma yankunan masana'antun suna a gabacin gabas da arewa maso gabashin birnin da kuma a ƙetaren kogin Yodo. Yankin tsakiyar Ōsaka shine da farko kasuwanci. Yankin kore ba shi da yawa, kodayake akwai manyan wuraren shakatawa da yawa a cikin garin; manyan wuraren nishaɗin suna a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, tare da rairayin bakin teku na bakin teku, da Tafkin Biwa, kusa da Kyōto.
Wassaka ya kasance sananne ne ga babban masana'anta na masaku, amma girmamawa ya koma masana'antar mai nauyi. Manyan masana'antun garin sun hada da injuna, injunan lantarki, karafa da karafa, kirkirar karfe, yadi, sinadarai, da kuma bagade da takarda; sarrafa abinci da bugawa da kuma buga su ma suna da muhimmanci. Ōsaka na ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kuɗi na Japan. Tashar tashar ta, wacce ta kasance mafi mahimmancin gaske a cikin ƙasa, an haɗu da tsarin mulki tare da na Kōbe tun daga farkon 1970s.
Babban hanyar sadarwar jiragen kasa tana kadawa a duk yankin, wanda yake mahadar hanyar jirgin kasa ne. Ōsaka yana aiki ne da kamfanonin layin dogo masu zaman kansu wadanda aka kirkira daga tsohuwar layin dogo na kasar Japan. Waɗannan kamfanonin suna aiki da layin-saurin wucewa na cikin gida da kuma tsakanin manyan biranen kuma suna ba da jiragen ƙasa na fasinjoji da jiragen ƙasa na harsunan Shinkansen. Hakanan ana ba da sabis na zirga-zirgar kewayen birni da yanki ta wasu hanyoyin jiragen ƙasa masu zaman kansu. Hanyoyi masu sauri sun haɗo Ōsaka tare da Kōbe, Kyōto, da Nagoya. Akasaka yana da manyan filayen jirgin sama guda biyu. Olderayan yana kusa da Itami, a arewacin birni, kuma yana kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na cikin gida. An bude Filin jirgin saman Kansai a 1994 don kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasa da kasa da ke birni. An gina wannan tashar jirgin saman a tsibirin da mutum yayi a cikin Ōsaka Bay kuma an haɗa shi da babban yankin ta hanyar babbar hanyar gada.
Ōsaka ya kasance cibiyar al'adu ta ƙasa. Akwai manyan jami'o'i da kwalejoji na gwamnati da na kwaleji da yawa a cikin birni da lardin birni, gami da Jami'ar akasaka da Jami'ar Kansai. Wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na zamani, kiɗa, da Bunraku (wasan kwaikwayo na 'yar tsana) ana yin su a ko'ina cikin yankin, kamar yadda kiɗan Yammacin, wasan kwaikwayo, da wasan kwaikwayo. Akasaka ita ce cibiyar watsa labarai ta ƙasa. Yankin murabba'in kilomita 86 (murabba'in kilomita 222). Pop (2005) 2,628,811; (2010) 2,665,314.
Akasaka, fu (lardin birni), Honshu, Japan. Ya haɗa da garin masana'antu na Ōsaka, babban birni, da masana'antu da wuraren zama na ƙauyuka.
Yankin birane yana iyaka da yankin Kyōto (arewa); da ken (lardunan) na Hyōgo (arewa maso yamma), Nara (gabas), da Wakayama (kudu); da kuma Ōsaka Bay (kudu maso gabas). Manyan masana'antu a cikin lardin suna kera kayayyakin ƙarfe da ƙarfe, yadudduka, sinadarai, da injunan lantarki. Ōsaka gundumar biranen ba ta hada da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kōbe, wacce ke yamma da bakin ruwa a lardin Hyōgo ba, amma biranen biyu sun kasance mahaɗan tagwayen Areasaka-Kobe Metropolitan Area, ɗayan manyan biranen birni a cikin ƙasar. Bugu da kari, Ōsaka ita ce cibiyar babbar masana'antar Keihanshin, wanda ya hada da yankin Kyōto. Yankin murabba'in mil 731 (murabba'in kilomita 1,893). Pop (2010) 8,865,245.
Hotuna
Manazarta
Biranen |
15905 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola%20Maja | Lola Maja | Lola Maja (an haife Omolola Maja ne a ranar 26 ga watan Janairu shekarar 1978),ta kasan ce wanda anfi saninta da Lola Maja-Okojevoh, ƙwararriyar mai zane-zane ne a Nijeriya; fannoni na musamman sun hada da tasiri na musamman, girar ido da gashin ido. Har ila yau, ita ma masaniyar tausa ce, mai koyar da kyan gani, da Spa da Cosmetics Brand Consultant. Ita ce ta kirkiro kuma Babban Darakta na "Kyakkyawan Alfarma"; an san ta da yin aiki a kan manyan al'amuran zamani da manyan fina-finai kamar su Figurine da Oktoba 1, da kuma bidiyon kiɗa da yawa. Ta yi kwalliya don shahararru kamar su Genevieve Nnaji da Tiwa Savage Ta kuma yi aiki tare da manyan mujallu na zamani, kamar su Style Mania da FAB, da kuma samfura kamar Iman da Tyson Beckford A shekarar 2015, ta lashe kyautar "Mafi kyaun kayan kwalliya" Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award na 1 ga Oktoba Fage da farkon rayuwa An haifi Lola Maja a Najeriya, ga mahaifin asalin Yarbawa kuma uwa ce wacce take da zuriyar Itsekiri, Lebanon, Italia, Indiya da Scotland A shekara 2, ita da iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa United Kingdom inda ta girma. Ta koma gida ne a shekarar 2010, bayan ta yi aure.
Ayyuka Lola Maja ta fara aiki a matsayin mai kwalliyar kayan kwalliya a lokacin da take 'yar shekara 14; yayin da har yanzu tana cikin makarantar sakandare, da zuwa kwaleji. A shekara 18, dole ne ta zabi ko ta ci gaba da digirinta ko barin aiki kuma ta dauki rawar a matsayin mai fasahar zane-zane na kungiyar ta asali don kaddamar da kayan kwalliyar Iman a filin wasan su na Landan; ta bi zuciyarta kuma ta ƙaddamar da Iman Kayan shafawa a 1997. Ta ƙaddamar da nata zangon Lashes, "Tsararran Lashes", a cikin shekarar 2010. An fara layin ne musamman don samar da kayayyaki masu inganci ga daliban kayan kwalliya da sauran masu sana'ar kayan kwalliya a Najeriya, amma abokan huldar suna matukar kaunarsu, cewa kamfanin ya yanke shawarar fara tallata su a shagunan bouti da yanar gizo. Alamar daga ƙarshe ta girma ta sami abubuwa da yawa. Maja ta koma makaranta don samun cancantar aiki a cikin "Magunguna mai kyau". Ta kammala karatun ta ne daga kwalejin koyon ilimin kwalliya ta Landan, daga nan ta wuce Kwalejin St Mary's University, Twickenham. Bayan haka, ta sami difloma na koyarwa, daga nan kuma ta ci gaba da ƙaddamar da kwalejin ƙwarewa a shekarar 2013. "Tsararran Lashes" daga ƙarshe sun shiga cikin "Groupungiyoyin Tsararru na Kamfanoni", waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan yawancin ayyukan da suka shafi kayan shafa, kamar su: edita, catwalk, ɗaukar hoto, talabijin, fim, bidiyo na kiɗa, maganin kyau da horo. Maja tana da fannoni daban-daban a cikin kayan kwalliyarta, daga tasiri na musamman zuwa na amarya, daga kyakkyawa zuwa salon zamani Ta yi aiki a bidiyon kidan My Darlin na Tiwa Savage, wanda ta rikida ta zama tsohuwa a cikin bidiyon. Ta yi Genevieve Nnaji ta sanya hoton hoton layin suturar ta St.Genevieve Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin edita na Kyau don manyan mujallu na zamani kamar Style Mania, FAB da Noir Ayyukanta na yin kwalliya sun bayyana a shahararrun mujallu, kamar: TW, Mujallar Genevieve, Loveauna ta Gaskiya, Elan, Baƙin Gashi Kyau, Launuka, Alfahari, Sideview, da Trendsetter Ta yi aiki tare da kyawawan ɗabi'u kamar Iman da Tyson Beckford Sauran shahararrun da ta yi aiki da su sun hada da: Alek Wek, Ernie Hudson, Joe Estevez, Joe, Dru Hill, Ojy Okpe, Fifi Ejindu, Genevieve Nnaji, Omotola Jalade, Rita Dominic, Kate Henshaw, Tiwa Savage, Omawumi, Waje, Toolz, Toke Makinwa, Eku Edewor da sauransu. Maja ta yi kwalliya don fina-finai biyu na Kunle Afolayan The Figurine (2009) da kuma Oktoba 1 (2014); na biyun, saboda wannan, ta ci lambar yabo na Zaman Afirika na Masu Kallo na Sihiri na 2015 don "Mafi Kyawun Gyara". Ta kuma kasance mai yin zane-zane a karo na uku da na huɗu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin Shuga Maja ya kuma yi aiki a kan bidiyon kide-kide da yawa, kamar: Wizkid 's Teas Me Banky W 's "Lagos Party", Omawumi 's "Yau na Yau" da Dr SID "Wani abu game da ku". Har ila yau Maja baƙo ne na yau da kullun kan shirye-shiryen talabijin da rediyo, don magana game da kyan gani, kayan kwalliya da shawarar kayan shafa, yayin yin sharhi game da sabbin abubuwa na zamani.
Rayuwar mutum Maja ta hadu da mijinta, Tonio Okojevoh a bikin auren dan uwanta, yayin da har yanzu ta kasance da wani; alkawari wanda bai yi aiki ba. Ta zama abokai tare da Tonio kuma bayan shekaru shida, ya ba da shawara, ba tare da ƙawancen farko ba. Maja ya bayyana cewa, ita da mijinta sun celibate kafin su yi aure, a yanke shawara wadda mijinta qaddamar, kamar yadda alkawarin da ya yi wa Allah. Tonio da Lola sun yi aure a shekarar 2010; tare, suna da yara biyu, Tega da Tallulah, waɗanda aka haifa a 2011 da 2013 bi da bi. Ta taɓa raba wannan yayin da take nakuda tare da ɗanta na fari, sauraron Bumper to Bumper daga Wande Coal ya taimaka mata don sauƙaƙe mata wahalar nakuda. Ta kuma sanar da ita cewa ba za ta sake samun yara ba.
Filmography
Fim da talabijin
Kyauta da gabatarwa
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Lola Maja on IMDb
Mata
Ƴan |
43209 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergi%20Roberto | Sergi Roberto | Sergi Roberto Carnicer Catalan pronunciation: sɛɾʒi ɛɾtu se], an haife shi 7 ga Fabrairu 1992) ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar andalus wanda ke taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta La Liga wato Barcelona da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kasa ta Spain Yakan zama dan wasan tsakiya mai tare, kuma zai iya aiki a matsayin mai tsaron gida, cikakken baya ko dan gaba Ya shafe yawancin aikinsa tare da Barcelona bayan ya fara buga wasa na farko yana da shekaru 18, inda ya ci gaba da lashe lambobin yabo da yawa tare da kungiyar ciki har da gasar La Liga shida da gasar zakarun Turai biyu.
Roberto ya buga wasansa na farko da Sipaniya a shekarar 2016.
Aikin kulob An haife shi a Reus, Tarragona, Catalonia, Roberto ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da UE Barri Santes Creus na gida yana ɗan shekara 8, ya isa makarantar matasa ta Barcelona shekaru shida bayan haka daga maƙwabta Gimnàstic de Tarragona A cikin kakar 2009-10, yana da shekaru 17 kacal, ya fara bayyana tare da ajiyar Barça, yana ba da gudummawar bayyanuwa 29 yayin da suka koma Segunda División bayan shekaru 11. A ranar 10 Nuwamba 2010, Roberto ya fara buga wasansa na farko da ƙungiyar, yashigo a matsayin sauyi a wasan nasarar gida 5-1 da Ceuta a gasar Copa del Rey (7-1 akan jimillar). A ranar 27 ga Afrilu na shekara mai zuwa ya yi bayyanarsa na farko na gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA, yashiga a matsayin maye gurbin David Villa a cikin minti na karshe na nasarar 2-0 a kan Real Madrid a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na farko A 3 Maris 2023, ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2024.
Ayyukan kasa da kasa A watan Oktoban 2009, jim kadan bayan fara wasansa na farko na Barcelona B, kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 ta andalus ta kira Roberto a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na 2009 a Najeriya. A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, kafin Javier Espinosa ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 88, ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar Burkina Faso a filin wasa na Sani Abacha da ke garin Kano A karshe kasar tasa ta andalus ce ta zo ta uku a gasar, inda shi da Borja Bastón na Atlético Madrid suka zura kwallaye takwas a ragar kungiyar.
Salon wasa Roberto yana taka leda ne a matsayin mai tsaron baya, amma kuma ya yi fice a tsakiya. A cikin kakar 2015-16, karkashin Luis Enrique, ya taka leda a wurare bakwai daban-daban tare da Barcelona. Wannan ƙwararren, haɗe da saurinsa, ƙarfinsa, ƙimar aikinsa mai ƙarfi da ingantaccen wucewa ya sami yabo daga manajojin kungiyar, sai dai a cikin raga, yana iya taka rawa a kowane matsayi, ba abin mamaki bane. Abu mafi wahala shine buga wasan da kyau a filin kuma Sergi Roberto yana yin hakan. An fi amfani da shi a matsayin ɗan wasan kwali-kwali.
Rayuwa ta sirri A cikin 2014, Roberto ya fara soyayya da Isra'ila Coral Simanovich ('yar mawaƙa ta Isra'ila kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa Pnina Rosenblum Sun yi alkawarin aure a farkon Satumba 2017, kuma sun yi aure a Tel Aviv a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2018. sun haifi ɗansu na farko, Kaia a cikin 2019. Mahaifiyar Roberto, María Rosa Carnicer, ta mutu a watan Disamba na 2019, shekara guda bayan an gano ta tana da ciwon ƙwayar cuta na amyotrophic Kididdigar sana'a
Kungiya
Ƙasashen Duniya
Girmamawa Barcelona
La Liga 2010-11, 2012-13, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2017-18, 2018-19 Copa del Rey 2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2020–21 Supercopa de España 2010, 2016, 2022-23 UEFA Champions League 2010–11, 2014–15 UEFA Super Cup 2015 FIFA Club World Cup 2015 Spain U17
FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2009 Spain
UEFA Nations League ta biyu: 2020-21 Mutum
Breakthrough XI: 2016 Gwarzon Kwallon Kataloniya: 2016–17
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje FC Barcelona Official profile
Sergi Roberto (an adana shi)
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan |
13442 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saloma | Saloma | Biduanita Negara Puan Sri Datin Amar Dr. Salmah binti Isma'il Jawi Janairu KMN (22 Janairun shekarar 1935 25 Afrilu 1983), sananniyar sunanta Saloma, wata 'yar wasan Singafo -Malaysia ce, yar wasan fina-finai, mawakiya yar jagora wanda ta shahara sosai a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. Saloma Anfi saninta ne saboda iyawar sautin waƙoƙinta, wanda aka nuna a matsayin "lemak merdu", (cikakke, maras nauyi amma mai daɗin murya). An kuma sanya hannu tare da kuma rikodin waƙoƙin EMI kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ta saki yawancin EP kamar Dendang Saloma (1957), Bunga Negara (1963) da Aslirama (1972). Wasu daga cikin fitattun wakokinta duk tsawon rayuwarta sun hada da Selamat Pengantin Baru 'da' Bila Larut Malam Saloma kuma tana cikin yin hidimomi yayin da ta aiwatar da fina-finai da yawa kamar su Azimat (1958) da Kaki Kuda (1958). Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta wadanda za a iya tunawa a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance a cikin Seniman Bujang Lapok (1961) kamar Cik Salmah, Ragam P.Ramlee (1964) da Ahmad Albab (1968) a matsayin Mastura. An baiwa Saloma lakabin Biduanita Pertama Negara Son farko na Sungbird na farko) a shekarar 1978 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar kade-kade a Malesiya da taken Puan Sri a 1990, a matsayin matar Tan Sri Datuk Amar Dr. P. Ramlee Iyali da farkon rayuwa An haife Saloma a ranar 22 ga Janairun shekarar 1934 a Pasir Panjang, Singapore a matsayin Salmah binti Ismail ga Isma'il Osman da Umi Kalsom Mahbon. Tana da 'yan uwa bakwai kuma ita ce ta uku a cikin danginsu. Tana da wata 'yar uwa, Siti Mariam binti Ismail, wacce yar wasan kwaikwayo ce, ƙaramin mahaifiyarta, Aminah Ismail (sunan Mimi Loma) da Jasmaniah Ismail, wanda kuma mawaƙi ne. Saloma ta zama mata ta uku na dan wasan fina-finai, darekta, marubucin waƙa, mawaki, kuma mai gabatarwa Tan Sri Datuk Amar P. Ramlee bayan aurensu a shekarar 1961. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Saloma ta ji daɗin kiɗa. Kusan yawanci za ta faɗi tunaninta na zama mawaƙa tare da ƙanwarta, Mariani. Tun yana dan shekara biyar, Saloma tuni ya rera waka tare da makadarorin titi. Daga can, sha'awarta ta zama mawaƙa ta ƙara ƙaruwa. Daga baya iyayen Saloma suka sake shi. Daga baya, Mariani da ita sun bi mahaifinsu zuwa Tanjung Karang, Selangor a Tanah Melayu (yanzu Malaysia). Dukansu biyun suna rayuwa tare da mahaifin su da matar mahaifiyarsu. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, sun kasance taimaka wa mahaifinsu a cikin filayen paddy. Rashin jure yanayin da aka sauya, dukkan su sun gudu zuwa Singapore ba tare da mahaifinsu ba. Bayan wannan, Saloma da 'yar uwarta Mariani sun zauna tare da mahaifiyarsu da kuma uwar kakansu, wani mutum mai suna Maman Yusoff. Mama Yusoff mawaƙi ce tare da wata karamar keroncong da ake kira The Singapore Boys da aka ƙulla da ita don yin wasa a wani kulob mai suna The New World Cabaret. Kamar yadda Saloma ta yi magana koyaushe game da kasancewa mawaƙa, ƙanin mahaifinta ya kawo ta zuwa cabaret wata rana kuma ta gabatar da ita ga masu sauraro. Daga nan sai aka neme ta da ta yi wakar kwana bakwai kacal ta Georgia Gibbs Salon salonta da muryarta sun burge masu sauraron wurin. Ta ci gaba da wasu waƙoƙi daban-daban kuma wannan shine farkon aikinta na mawaƙa. Ta kasance 13 years old.
Aiki Saloma muryar ta fara wasa a cikin rediyo na gida lokacin da babanta ya kawo ta domin ganin kade-kade da ake yi a gidan rediyon Malaya. Mawaki Rokiah Hanafi, wanda kuma aka sani da Rokiah Wandah, an shirya shi ya rera wakoki da dama tare da kungiyar mawaka, amma bai bayyana a wannan ranar ba. Mama Yusoff ta yanke shawarar lallashin Saloma don gwada rera wakokin da Rokiah ya kamata su rera. An kuma yi sa'a, abin da ta yi ya kasance nasara. Bayan haka, ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa daga ƙungiyar kade-kade ta ko'ina cikin Singapore don zama babban mawaƙa. Daya daga cikin wakokinta da ta rera a Radio Malaya ita ake kira "Sang Rang Bulan". An yi wakar ne a cikin fim din "Rachun Dunia" (Poison of this World) kuma wani mawaki na yankin mai suna Rubiah ya rubuta shi. A cikin 1950, Saloma ya ƙaunaci gwarzon fim ɗin da ake kira 'Aloha' bayan ya kalli fim ɗin a karon farko. P. Ramlee ya buga wasan. A lokacin, Saloma yana ɗan shekara 15 ne da watanni 11. Loveaunar da ke gare shi ke ƙaruwa kowace rana kuma Saloma ta yi rantsuwa cewa za ta auri ɗan wasan a wata rana. A lokacin hana fim, P.Ramlee ya kasance yana yawo daga gidansa zuwa ɗakin studio. A tsakiyar hanyar, dole ne ya bi ta gidan Saloma a Dutsen Emily Duk lokacin da ya ratsa gida, wani dan kasar China yana siyar da ciyayi zai ruga zuwa gidan Saloma don ya ba ta labarin kasancewar gwarzon da yake kauna. Saloma zai yi wa P. Ramlee dariya ta hanyar kiran "Banjo" (halin da ya taka a fim) sannan ya ɓoye lokacin da ya juya don ganin wanda ya kira shi. A farkon shekarun 1950s, burin ta na zama mawaƙa bai tafi yadda ta ga dama ba. Madadin haka, ta fara ayyukanta a matsayin 'yar fim, wanda Nusantara Film ya bayar. Fim dinta na farko mai taken Pelangi (Rainbow), wanda ya sami kyakkyawan ra'ayoyi tsakanin masu sauraro. Bayan haka, ta sami wasu 'yan kyauta daga fim din Nusantara don yin fim a wasu fina-finai. A wannan lokacin, ta yi wasu fina-finai biyu, sunanta 'Perkahwinan Rahsia' (Sirrin Biki) da 'Norma'. A watan Janairun 1952, an ba ta ƙaramin matsayi a matsayin mawaƙa a cikin wani fim mai suna 'Chinta Murni' (Soyayyar Gaskiya) wanda Nusantara Film, wanda Aman Ramlie ya jagoranta ko kuma aka fi sani da AR Tompel. A lokacin, fim ne na huɗu. A watan Afrilun 1952, 'yan watanni bayan sakin Chinta Murni, masu sha'awar fina-finai na Malaysia sun firgita da labarin da suka ba da sanarwar aurenta da Aman Ramlie. A waccan lokacin, Aman Ramlie sanannen darekta ce kuma mawaki kuma yayin da ta fara samun karbuwa a fim din 'Norma'. Auren nasu ya kai wata biyar kuma sun sake a watan Satumbar 1952 lokacin da Saloma take da juna biyu. A cewar 'yar uwarta, Mariam, an dawo da ita gidansu a Dutsen Emily don ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarsu. Bayan fim ɗinta na ƙarshe tare da Kamfanin Nusantara Film Company, mai taken Sesal Tak Sudah (Lasting Regret), nan da nan Saloma ta ƙare kwangilar da ta yi da kamfanin. Dalilin da aka bayar shine saboda tana buƙatar hutu saboda ciki da kuma ƙin yin aiki da tsohon mijinta. A ƙarshen 1952 har zuwa 1953, Saloma ta ƙare aikinta na mai gabatarwa. A 1953, ta haifi ɗa guda ɗaya, Armali Bin Aman Ramlie.
Sake kunnowa: 1954-1960 Bayan dawowa daga tafiyarta zuwa Sarawak da Brunei a ranar 23 Yuli 1954, Kamfanin Pathe ya ba Saloma don yin rikodin muryarta. Syed Hamid ya sami goyan baya sosai, wanda aka fi sani da S.Hamid, wanda ya yi suna a lokacin. Sun san juna bayan sun yi fim a cikin Sesal Tak Sudah Waƙar da ake wa lakabi da "Pandang Kasih" (Duba Kauna), wacce Rahmat Ali ta tsara da kuma kalaman Ismadi, salon rawa ne yayin da waƙar "Jika Tak Berjumpa" (Idan Ba Mu Haɗu) ta fito daga waƙoƙin larabci wanda a lokacin retoshi daga S.Hussein Bagushir da waƙoƙin Wan Chu. Dukkanin waƙoƙin suna tare da Orkes Al Aishu Wal Meleh, wanda S.Omar Bagushir ke jagoranta. Saloma ta farko solo da kuma wakarta na farko da akayi rikodi akan vinyl wanda Kamfanin Pathe (aka kirga PTH 143) shine "Pandang Kasih" yayin da wakar "Jika Tak Berjumpa" ita ce na farkonta tare da S.Hamid. A shekarar 1955, Sloma Jalan Ampas ta gabatar da Saloma don yin rawar gani. Fim dinta na farko tare da Studio Jalan Ampas an yi mata taken EMat Isteri (Mata hudu). Wannan fim ɗin na ƙarshe da BS Rajhans ya jagoranta. Fim din kuma ya hadar da Daeng Haris, Normadiah, Latifah Omar da 'yar'uwar Salmah, Mariam (kamar Mariani). A wannan shekarar, Salomah ya kuma yi rubuce-rubuce da dama da suka hada da "Burong Punggok" (The Owl). A watan Fabrairu na 1956, an ba ta damar maye gurbin actress Siput Sarawak a cikin fim din Adekku (My Younger Sibling). Akwai jita-jita da ke cewa Siput Sarawak ta daina aiki bayan yawancin rikodin wuraren fim. Bayan nasarar da ta samu a matsayinta na mawaƙa kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo, ɗakunan 'yan uwan Shaw Brothers sun yanke shawarar ba ta ƙarin suna na kasuwanci. Ta samu sunan fim din nata ne sakamakon fim din 'Salome' wanda take yiwa fim din Rita Hayworth A wannan shekarar, Saloma ya shiga cikin Panca Sitara, ƙungiyar P. Ramlee ke jagoranta.
Nasarar a duniya: 1961-191968 Saloma ta fara waka ne tun tana yar shekara bakwai kuma kwararriyar mawakiya ce a lokacin da take matashi. Waƙoƙin ta sun fi dacewa a cikin salon Ella Fitzgerald da Doris Day Duk da yake ta zama mai wasan kwaikwayo daga baya, ta ce koyaushe ta fi son waka da aiki. A matsayinta na mawaƙa, ta yi karin haske game da baiwarta tare da Orkes Fajar Murni, wacce Yusof Osman ke jagoranta, a farkon shekaran aikinta. Ta kuma kasance tare da wata kungiyar wasan kwaikwayo, Panca Sitara, a cikin shekarun 1960s.
Wakoki
Albums "EP" Albums na Saloma Dendang Saloma (1957) Dendang Saloma Album II (1957) Dendang Saloma Album III (1959) Bunga Negara (1963) Saloma (Damak) (1964) Lagu-2 Sukaramai Kasar Sin Di Nyanyikan Oleh Saloma (1964) Saloma Dan Ahmad Daud (1964) Sekalung Sakura Dari Saloma (1965) Saloma (Pulau Menghijau) (1965) Gadis Langkawi (1966) Sudah Kawin Kah Belom Kenangan Di Padang Kota (Saloma dan Ahmad Daud) (1966) Guita Berbunyi Bintang Hati (Daripada Filem "Do-Re-Mi") (1966) Saloma (Menanti Kanda) (1967) Saloma (Aku Dia dan Lagu) (1968) Saloma (Entah Di Mana) (1969) Saloma (Chinchin Ku Ini) (1970) Saloma (Jangan Chemburu) (1971) Saloma (Aslirama) (1972)
Fina-finai
Fim Wasu fina-finai da ba za a manta ba da Saloma suka yi:
Rashin lafiya da mutuwa Bayan mutuwar mijinta, P. Ramlee, a 1973, Saloma ta cika da tsananin bakin ciki da bacin rai wanda ya addabi lafiyar ta. Hakan ya sa ta kamu da cututtuka da yawa wanda hakan ya sa ta rame da rashin lafiya. An shigar da ita zuwa Asibitin Assunta, Petaling Jaya, Selangor kafin rasuwarta a ranar 25 Afrilu 1983 tana da shekaru 48 sakamakon lalacewar hanta da ke da nasaba da cutuka An binne ta a makabartar Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur tsakanin kabarin tsohon mijinta Aman Ramlie da mijinta P. Ramlee. Legacy A shekarar 1978, gwamnatin Malaysia ta bata kyauta a Kecapi Awards a matsayin Biduanita Negara (National Songbird). Har wa yau, mawaƙiya marigayiya, Sharifah Aini, ita kaɗai ce kaɗai mawaƙa wacce ta sami wannan lambar girmamawa. Saloma Bistro da Gidan Abinci a Jalan Ampang, an buɗe Kuala Lumpur a 2003 kuma an ba shi suna bayan Saloma saboda girmamawa ga gudummawar da take bayarwa ga masana'antar nishaɗi ta Malaysia. Bugu da ƙari, Saloma Link, mai ƙafa a ƙafa kusa da kabarinta, an kuma sanya mata suna. Yayin bikinta, Saloma kuma ana kiranta da 'Marilyn Monroe na Asiya', saboda iyawar ta na jawo hankalin maza kamar na Hollywood Marilyn Monroe A cikin 2014, wani fim na kasha na biyu mai taken Saloma Sashe na 1: Mencuri Guruh da Saloma Kashi na 2: Pandang Kaseh ya yi da Nabila Huda wanda ya taka rawar Saloma. Fim ɗin ya kasance akan Astro Farko na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Daga baya, an watsa fim din a Astro Mustika HD, Astro Citra da sauran tashoshin da suka shafi fim din a Gidan Talabijin na Astro.
Manazarta
Haɗin waje Saloma sings Pesta Muda Mudi, from Nasib Do Re Mi Saloma sings Di Mana Kan Ku Cari Ganti (1981) Saloma Bistro gidan cin abinci gidan wasan kwaikwayo Bayanin Saloma, sinemamalaysia.com.my (Bahasa Malaysia)
Mutuwan |
13153 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn%20Qayyim%20al-Jawziyya | Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya | Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad dan Abī Bakr dan Ayyūb ī l-Dimashqī l-Ḥanbalī (an haifeshi a shekarata alif 1292 -zuwa shekarar alif 1350 CE 691 AH 751 AH), wanda aka fi sani da dan Qayyim al-Jawziyya (Dan babban [dan makarantan nan na] Jawziyyah ko dan al-Qayyim dan babba a takaice, ko kuma yanda dalibansa ke kiran shi da shi wato Imam Ibn al-Qayyim a al'adan Ahl Sunnah, yana da matukar muhimmanci a gwagwarmayar Musulunci na duniyar fikihu, Malamin akida ne kuma marubuci ne a fannin ruhi Ya kasance dan makarantar Hanbaliyya a tsarin fikihu na 'yan sunnah, wanda aka ɗaukan shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mahimmin mutane masu tunani a duniyar hambaliyya," Ibn al-Qayyim a yau an dauke shi a matsayin daya dag cikin mutane goma sha hudu a wannan karnin wadanda suke dabbaka karantarwar ibn taimiyya. an kulle shi tare da kuma Ibn Taimiyya a shekarata alif 1326 saboda ya nuna rashin yarda a kan bidi'o'i, an kulle sune a wata sanannen kurkuku na Damascus Yana da nasaba mai kyau, mahaifin Ibn al-Qayyim shi ne shugaban makaranta na (qayyim) na makarantan Jawziyya, kuma ya kasance Alkali a babban kotun Hanbaliyya na Damascus a wancan lokacin. Ibn al-Qayyim ya ci gaba da zama babban malami masani, ya samar da tarin ilimi akan gawa da hukunce hukunce mai tarin yawa na "rukunan koyarwa da rubutu". A sakamakon haka, da yawa muhimman malamai Musulmai yan Mamluk sun kasance dalibansa ne, Ibn al-Qayyim ta dalibai ko, a kalla, ƙwarai rinjayi shi, ciki har da, daga gare wasu, da Shafi tarihi Ibn Kathir (d. 774/1373), da Hanbali hadisi masanin Ibn Rajab (d. 795/1397), da kuma Shafi polymath Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852/1449). A halin yanzu, sunan Ibn al-Qayyim ya zama mai kawo rigima a wasu bangarori na duniyar musulmai saboda sanannun mutane da yawa daga cikin mabiya darikar Sunni na Salafiyya da Wahahabiyanci, wadanda suke ganin irin sukar da yake yi wa irin wannan ta'asa. al'adun Sunni na gargajiya na tsaka-tsakin zamanin a matsayin girmamawa ga tsarkaka da kuma girmama kaburburansu kuma hakan yana haifar da mafificin tsari ga tunaninsu.
Suna Muhammad bn Abi Bakr Ibn Ayyub Ibn Sa'ad Ibn Hariz Ibn Makki Zayn al-Din al-Zur'ī Arabic al-Dimashqi tare da Alkunya na Abu Abdullah wanda ake kira Shams al-Dīn Mafi yawanci ana kiranshi da Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, bayan mahaifinsa Abu Bakr Ibn Sa'd al-Zur'ī wanda shi ne mai gabatarwa qayyim na Jawziyyah Madrasah, makarantar koyon aikin Hanbali a Damascus.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Malamai Babban malamin Ibn al-Qayyim shi ne malamin Ibn Taymiyyah Ibnu Qayyim ya fara haduwa da Ibn Taymiyyah yana dan shekara 21 kuma ya rage sauran rayuwarsa yana karantar dashi. Sakamakon wannan ƙungiyar ya raba ra'ayin malamai a cikin mafi yawan batutuwa.
Kurkuku An daure Ibn al-Qayyim tare da malamin shi Ibn Taymiyyah A cewar masanin tarihi al-Maqrizi, dalilai biyu ne suka sa aka kama shi: na farko shi ne hadisin da Ibn al-Qayyim ya gabatar a cikin Kudus wanda ya yanke hukuncin ziyartar kaburbura, ciki har da kabarin Annabi Muhammad a Madina, na biyu shi ne yarjejeniya tare da ra'ayin Ibn Taymiyyah game da batun kisan aure, wanda ya sabawa ra'ayin mafi yawan malamai a Damascus. The campaign to have Ibn al-Qayyim imprisoned was led by Shafi'i and Maliki scholars, and was also joined by the Hanbali and Hanafi judges.
Yayin da yake kurkuku Ibn al-Qayyim ya dauki kansa da Alkur'ani. A cewar Ibn Rajab, Ibn al-Qayyim ya ci mafi yawan lokacin da yake a kurkuku: sakamakon fitowar Kur'ani lokacin da yake kurkuku wasu abubuwa ne da suka faru na ruhi (da aka bayyana a matsayin kusaq, kwarewar kai tsaye na asirin allahntaka, da mawjud, ecstasy lokutta ta kai tsaye gamuwa da Allahntaka Gaskiya).
Rayuwa ta Ruhaniya Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya ya yi sharhi mai zurfi na ruhi game da wani rubutun da Hanbali Sufi Khwaja Abdullah Ansari ya rubuta mai suna Madarij al-Salikin Ya nuna kaunarsa da godiyarsa ga Ansari a wannan sharhin tare da sanarwarsa "Tabbas ina son Sheikh, amma ina matukar son gaskiya! Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya yana nufin Ansari ne da taken Sheikh al-Islam a cikin aikinsa Al-Wabil al-Sayyib min al-Kalim al-Tayyab Mutuwa Ibn al-Qayyim ya rasu yana da shekara 60 a duniya da watanni 5 da kuma kwana 5, a daren 13 ga Rajab, 751 AH (15 ga Satumba, 1350 AD), kuma an binne shi ban da mahaifinsa a qabarin Bab al-Saghīr Ra'ayoyi Hukuncin Shari'a Kamar malaminshi Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Qayyim, ya goyi bayan manyan sarakuna don hukuma da kuma hukunta su. Ya ba da hujja, alal misali, "cewa sau da yawa ya dace a azabtar da wanda yake ƙanƙan da kai" wanda ya zargi mutumin da ba shi da halayyar "mafi mutuntawa." Ibn Qayyim "ya samar da hujjoji bayyanannu" wadanda suka sanya alƙalai "ƙasa da amincinsu fiye da dā akan shaidar magana." Misali daya shi ne kafa mahaifin yara ta hanyar kwararru wadanda suka binciki fuskokin "yaro da mahaifinsa da ake zargi da kamanceceniya". Wani kuma yana cikin yankewar rashin ƙarfi. Idan mace ta nemi a kashe ta bisa dalilin rashin mijinta kuma mijinta ya tsaya a kan karar, alkali na iya samun samfurin shaidar mijin. A cewar Ibn Qayyim "maniyyi na gaske kawai ya bar farin saura lokacin dafa shi". A cikin tambayoyin wadanda ake zargin Ibn Qayyim ya yi imanin cewa za a iya batar da shaidu daga wadanda ake zargi idan sun kasance "ba za a cire su ba". Wannan ya bambanta da yawancin masana shari'ar Islama waɗanda suka yarda da cewa "masu laifin da ke zargin sun cancanci yin shiru idan an zarge su." Lauyan marubuci kuma marubuci Sadakat Kadri ya ce, "a kan batun madaidaiciyar tarihi, azabtarwa ta Musulunci ta hana fara gallaza azaba." Ibn Qayyim duk da haka, ya yi imani da cewa "Annabi Muhammadu, da Halifofi masu gaskiya, da sauran Sahabbai za su goyi bayan matsayinsa. Ilimin Taurari Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah ya yi tsayayya da almara da sihirin kowane iri, amma ya kasance mai tsayayya da ilimin taurari, wanda masu aikinsa suka yi kokarin “tunanin za su iya sanin asirin da ke cikin rufin hikimar madaukaki na Allah.” A zahiri, wadanda suka yi imani da cewa abubuwan mutane da abubuwan da suka faru suna faruwa ne ta jikunan sama, sun kasance "sun fi jahiltar mutane, mafi rashin kuskure da fallasa daga mutum mafi jahilcin mutane game da rayuwarsa da mahaliccinsa". A cikin Miftah Dar al-Sa'adah, ban da musun masu taurari kamar yadda ya munana kafirai, ya yi amfani da hujjoji masu hujja don karyata ayyukan fitina da tauraruwar taurari tare da illolin da ke da alaƙa da su, kamar duba da fassara ƙarfe, misali jayayya: Tinaninsa Kodayake ana kiran Ibn al-Qayyim wani lokaci a yau a matsayin abokin gaba da rudani na tona asirin Islama, amma dai a tarihi an san shi da gaske yana da "babban sha'awar Sufism wanda ya tashi daga fadadarsa sosai ga al'adun da aka baiwa rawar da ke cikin Sufism. a cikin rayuwar musulmai na al'ada a lokacinsa. Wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukansa, kamar Madārij, Ṭarīq al-hijratayn Hanyar Hijira guda biyu da Miftāḥ dār āda Mabuɗin Mahalli na Joyous "an sadaukar da su gabaɗayan jigogin Sufi," duk da haka ma maganganu na irin wannan jigogi da ake samu a kusan dukkan rubuce-rubucen, ciki har da a irin wannan ayyukan ruhaniya ibada kamar al-Wābil al-Ṣayyib, wani sosai muhimmanci rubutun bayanawa da muhimmancin da al'adar Ambato, kuma ya girmama magnum opus, Madārij al-sālikīn (matafiya 'Akayi), wanda shi ne wani Extended sharhin a kan wani aiki da aka rubuta da goma sha-karni Hanbalite saint kuma abõkin Abdullah al-Ansari, wanda Ibn al-Qayyim ake magana a kai reverentially matsayin Shaykh al-Islam A cikin duk irin wadannan rubuce-rubucen, ya tabbata cewa Ibn al-Qayyim ya rubuta don magance "waɗanda ke da sha'awar Sufanci musamman kuma 'abubuwan da suka shafi zuciya' gabaɗaya," kuma tabbacin wannan ya ta'allaka ne a cikin hakika ya faɗi, a cikin gabatarwar ga ƙaramin littafinsa mai haƙuri da Godiya, "Wannan littafi ne don amfanin sarakuna da sarakuna, attajirai da matalauta, da Sufaye da malamin addini; (littafi) don yaudarar masu shugabantar tashi, tare da mai tafiya ta hanya al-sā'ir fī l-ṭariq kuma ka sanar da wanda ke tafiya zuwa Makasudin. Wasu malamai sun gwada rawar da Ibn al-Qayyim ya yi da na Ghazali shekara ɗari biyu kafin, a cikin wannan cewa ya yi ƙoƙarin "sake ganowa da kuma maimaita tushen tushen yanayin addinin Islama." Hakanan gaskiyane, duk da haka, cewa Ibn al-Qayyim hakika ya sami wasu daga cikin maganganun malamin na Ibn Taymiyyah game da abin da ya hango yana wuce gona da iri a cikin sihiri. Misali, ya ji cewa karfin da ayyukan Ibran Arabi suka fara yi ya mamaye duk duniyar Sunni yana haifar da kurakurai a cikin rukunan koyarwa. A sakamakon haka, ya yi watsi da ra'ayin Ibn Arabi na wahdat al-wajud ko "kadaitaka kasancewar, da hamayya, bugu da kari, wasu daga cikin matsanancin ra'ayi na Sufism wadanda suka sami kudin musamman a cikin sabon kujerar musulinci iko, Mamluk Misira da Siriya Wancan ya ce, bai taɓa la'antar Sufiyya da gaskiya ba, kuma ayyukansa da yawa suna ba da shaida, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ga girman girmamawar da ya riƙe mafi yawan al'adar Sufic. A cikin wannan dangane, yana da mahimmamci cewa Ibn al-Qayyim ya bi Ibn Taymiyyah cikin "yabo a kai a kai" malamin farko na ruhaniya al-Junayd, daya daga cikin manya-manyan tsarkakan al'adun Sufi, da kuma "sauran farkon ruhi Masoyan Bagadaza wadanda daga baya aka sani da suna 'sober' Sufis. A zahirin gaskiya, Ibn al-Qayyim bai yi Allah wadai da Suffis mai muni ba, dangane da fitowar su ta ruhaniya a matsayin alamun “rauni” na ruhaniya maimakon na heresy Matsayin Ibn al-Qayyim sosai a cikin wannan al'amari ya haifar da rubuta gafararsa ga fitintinun da wasu Sufis na farko suka yi kamar yadda Sufis da yawa suka yi a gabanshi. Kiristanci Ya kasance mai sukar Krista da abin da suka yi, ya kira su a cikin “'yan uwan aladu”. "Ina taya Krista murna a bikin nasu kwatankwacin taya su murnar bauta wa gicciyensu da bada gaskiya ga Yesu a matsayin dan Allah A cikin littafinsa, Kitab Hidayat ul-Hayara, ya rubuta cewa: “The Christians are misguided cross worshippers. They are those who swear at Allah (swt) the Creator in a way no other human has sworn at Allah (swt).
They are like those before who did not believe that Allah is unique as stated in Surah Ikhlas, nor do they make him greater than everything; rather they say, “the heaven and earth will crack and the mountains will fall down.”
The base of their Aqeedah and their biggest curse against Allah (swt) is the Trinity. According to the Christians Mariam (as) is the lover of Allah (swt) and Isa (as) is His son. They claim the Almighty Allah came down from His great chair and melted in the womb of Mariam (as), until He was killed and buried at the hands of man.
Its Deen is the worship of the cross; its supplication is for the images that are drawn on the wall, in red and yellow colours. They say in their prayer “O mother of God provide for us, forgive us and have mercy on us.”
Their Deen is to drink alcohol, eat pork, desert circumcision, worship with impurity and eat everything, even if it is filthy, whether that be the elephant or the mosquito. What is lawful and unlawful is what their priests say; the priests can take them to heaven and forgive their sins."
He also wrote a poem called “Oh, Worshippers of Christ!” in it he calls Christians “liars, fabricators and cross worshippers.”
Yanayin aiki Ibn Qayyim was respected by a number of scholars during and after his life. Ibn Kathir stated that Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn Rajab, one of Ibn Qayyim's students, stated that, Despite being praised by a number of Sunni scholars, he was also criticized by others.
The m Shafi'i shugaban hukunci na Damascus Taqi al-Din al-Subki wadai Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, a kan karbar na sau uku saki kuma a kan asusun da ya view bayar da izni cikin hali na doki jinsi ba tare da sa hannu na mai na uku mai gasa. Subki also stated that, "Abin wannan mutum yake so kawai a wurin gamarin mutane, shine babu wasu musulmai sai shi da mabiyansa"
Kuma ya bama wani littafin sa na raddi suna da "Takobi mai kaifi akan Ibn al-Qayyim" akan akidar sa ga siffofin Allah.
"Kada ku sake ku karanta abinda ke cikin littattafan Ibn kayyim da kuma wasu masu kama dashi, wadanda suka dauki ra'ayinsu a matsayin abin bautar su, kuma sune wadanda Allah ya batar. Kunnuwansu da da zunciyarsu an kulle su, kuma idanuwansu an rufe su"
Girman daraja Ayyuka Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's contributions to the Islamic library are extensive, and they particularly deal with the Qur'anic commentaries, and understanding and analysis of the prophetic traditions (Fiqh-us Sunnah) He "wrote about a hundred books", including:
Zad al-Ma'ad (Bayyanar lahira) Al-Waabil Sayyib minal kalim tayyib sharhi ne akan hadisi game da Annabi Yahya bn Zakariyya. Ilaam ul Muwaqqi'een 'Rabb' Aalameen (Bayani ga Wadanda ke Rubuta Maulidan Ubangijin halittu) Tahthib Sunan Abi Da'ud Madaarij Saalikeen wanda yake sake shirya littafin ne wanda Shaikh Abu Ismail al-Ansari al-Harawi al-Sufi, Manazil-u Sa'ireen (Stations of the Seers); Tafsirin Mu'awwadhatain (Tafsirin Suratul Falaq da Nas); id Abubuwa masu ban al'ajabi Ad-Dā'i wa Dawā wanda aka fi sani da Al Jawābul kāfi liman sa'ala 'an Dawā'i Shaafi Haadi Arwah ila biladil Afrah Uddat as-Sabirin wa Dhakhiratu ash-Shakirin Ighathatu lahfaan min masaa'id ash-shaytan Taimako ga mai neman Cigaba da shaidan Rawdhatul Muhibbīn Ahkām ahl al-dhimma Tuhfatul Mawdud bi Ahkam al-Mawlud: Kyauta ne ga vedaunatacce Game da Hukunce-hukuncen Jariri Miftah Dar As-Sa'adah Jala al-afham fi fadhl salati ala khayral anam Al-Manar al-Munif Al-Tibb al-Nabawi littafi ne kan magani na Annabci, ana samunsa cikin Turanci kamar "Medicic Medicine", wanda Dar al-Fikr ya buga a Beirut (Lebanon), ko kuma a matsayin "Warkarwa tare da Magungunan Annabi (sal allahu` alayhi wa salim) Darussalam Publications ne ya buga. Al-Furusiyya Shifa al-Alil (Warkar da Marasa lafiya) Mukhtasar al-Sawa'iq Hadi al-Arwah ila Bilad al-Arfah (Spurring Souls on the realms of farin ciki)'' Sharhi game da batun shigar da karar larabawa shine na Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr (1292AD-1350AD) kuma yazo daga karni na 14.
Diddigin bayanai
Karin karatu Bori, Caterina; Holtzman, Livnat, eds. (2010). A scholar in the shadow essays in the legal and theological thought of Ibn Qayyim al-Ǧawziyyah. Oriente Moderno. Nuova serie, Anno 90. Roma Istituto per l'Oriente C.A. Nallino. ISSN 0030-5472. JSTOR i23249612.
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Biodata a MuslimScholars.info Wanene Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya? Binciken Hidaya "Islamic Universalism Ibadun Salafiyya na Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya akan Tsawan Jahannama "Short Biography of Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya" Bysiness.co.uk Wanda akaido da 2010-04-12 "Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah" Sunnah.org Wanda akaido da 2010-04-12 Labarai da kuma Littattafai An karbo daga Ibn al-Qayyim Littattafai https://web.archive.org/web/20061107120050/http://mac.abc.se/home/onesr/h/105.html "IslamWeb" IslamWeb Wanda akaido da 2010-04-12 "The Hardness of The Heart" Malakwarinku.com Wanda akaido da 2010-04-12 Yan Hambaliyya
Malaman Sunna
Yan Malikiyya
Pages with unreviewed |
59445 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bano%20Qudsiya | Bano Qudsiya | Bano Qudsia ashirin da rakwas 28 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara 1928zuwa hudu ga watan 4 Fabrairu shekara 2017), wanda kuma aka sani da Bano Aapa, marubuci ɗan Pakistan ne, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai ruhi. Ta rubuta adabi a Urdu, tana samar da litattafai, wasan kwaikwayo da gajerun labarai. An fi sanin Qudsia a littafinta mai suna Raja Gidh Qudsia kuma ta yi rubutu don talabijin da mataki a cikin harsunan Urdu da Punjabi. An kira wasanta Aadhi Baat "wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya". Bano Qudsia ya rasu a Lahore a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 2017.
Rayuwa ta sirri An haifi Bano Qudsia ranar ashirin da takwas 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekara 1928 a Firozpur, Indiya ta Burtaniya, a matsayin Qudsia Chattha a cikin dangin Jat Musulmi. Mahaifinta ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin aikin gona mahaifiyarta ita ma ta kammala digiri kuma mai duba makaranta a indiya ta Burtaniya kuma ɗan'uwanta Pervaiz Chattha mai zane ne. Ta yi ƙaura zuwa Lahore tare da danginta bayan rabuwar Indiya. Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Kinnaird da ke Lahore sannan ta shiga Jami'ar Kwalejin Gwamnati (Lahore) (GCU) don samun digiri na biyu a cikin adabin Urdu wanda ta kammala a shekarar 1951. Qudsia ta auri marubuci Ashfaq Ahmed wadda ta hadu da ita a Jami'ar Kwalejin Gwamnati (Lahore) Sun haifi 'ya'ya uku Aneeque, Anees da Aseer. An yi la'akari da ma'auratan ba za su iya rabuwa ba a rayuwarsu ta zamantakewa.
Aikin adabi Littafin labari na Qudsia Raja Gidh (The King Vulture) ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin na zamani na Urdu. Daga cikin fitattun rubuce-rubucenta akwai Aatish-i-zer-i-paa, Aik Din, Asay Pasay, Chahar Chaman, Chhotaa Sheher Baray Log, Footpath ki Ghaas, Haasil Ghaat da Hawa Kay Naam. Shahararrun wasannin kwaikwayo da ta rubuta sun hada da Tamasil, Hawa ke Naam, Seharay da Khaleej.
Wasanta mai ban sha'awa Aadhi Baat game da wani shugaban makaranta mai ritaya. Wasan ya yi nazari kan matsalolin rayuwa na yau da kullum na shugaban makarantar kuma ya sa Qavi Khan ya zama jagora. Daraktan wasan shine Agha Nasir kuma Tauqeer Nasir ne ya shirya shi. An yi Aadhi Baat ne a watan Mayun shekara 2010 a Islamabad a wani taron kwanaki uku wanda Majalisar Fasaha ta Pakistan ta shirya. Tarihin rayuwar Ashfaq Ahmed Baba Saheba bai cika ba a lokacin mutuwarsa a watan Satumban shekara 2004. Qudsiya ta kammala tarihin rayuwarta kuma aka buga kashi na biyu a matsayin Rah-i-Rawaan. Bambance-bambance a cikin salon ba da labari na ma'aurata ya bayyana a cikin waɗannan littattafai guda biyu; yayin da rabi na farko ana ɗaukarsa "mai tsokana, lucid da cikakkiyar ma'ana" ta masu sukar, rabi na biyu yana ɗaukar jin daɗin baƙin ciki. Qudsia ta yabawa Ahmed da canza mata bayan aurensu kuma a karshe ya ba ta damar sadaukar da kanta wajen rubutu. Qudsia's novel Raah-e-Rawaan an buga shi a cikin 2011. Kallo ne na nazari akan tunanin falsafar Ashfaq Ahmed da yadda zai iya alaka da wasu al'amuran rayuwa ita kanta. Qudsiya ta kasance mafi girman daraja ga mijinta kuma ta dora Ashfaq Ahmed a kan wani matsayi mai girma. Duk da haka, ba ta ko da'awar fahimtar mutumin da ta rayu da shi fiye da shekaru hamsin. Don haka, yunƙurin rubuta tarihin Ashfaq Ahmed ya ɗauke ta fiye da wannan 'mutum ɗaya' kuma ta fara rubuta labarin zuriyarsa, dangin da suka haɗa da kakansa, mahaifinsa, kawunsa, yayyensa, yayyensa da 'ya'yansu don fahimtar cikakkiyar fahimta. Abin mamaki shine Ashfaq Ahmed.
An buga littafin novel na Qudsia Haasil Ghaat a cikin shekara 2005 kuma an lura da shi don ƙamus ɗinsa amma kuma an soki shi saboda amfani da kalmomin Ingilishi fiye da labarin Urdu na al'ada. Harshen ya zama sananne a tsakanin sauran marubuta a nan gaba.
Bano Qudsia ya kuma rubuta littafi game da Qudrat Ullah Shahab mai suna "Mard-e-Abresham" .Littafin ya fi kwatanta rayuwar Shahab da yadda aka haɗa ta da Ashfaq Ahmed da iyalinsa a matakin zamantakewa da na ruhaniya. Baba Mohammad Yahya Khan was much wahayi daga Maa jee Bano Qudsia and Baba jee Ashfaq Ahmed.
Mutuwa Bano Qudsia ya rasu ne a ranar hudu 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekara 2017 a Asibitin Ittefaq da ke Lahore yana da shekaru tamanin da takwas 88 a duniya. Danta Aseer Ahmed ya sanar da cewa ta rasu ne a daidai lokacin sallar magrib (bayan faduwar rana). An binne ta a Lahore a ranar biyar 5 ga Fabrairu kuma an gudanar da ayyukan addu'a a Model Town, Lahore.
Kyaututtuka da karramawa cikin shekara 1983, Gwamnatin Pakistan ta ba Qudsia lambar yabo ta Sitara-i-Imtiaz Star of Excellence A cikin shekara 1986 ta sami lambar yabo ta PTV Best Writer Award. A cikin shekara 2010, gwamnatin Pakistan ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Hilal-i-Imtiaz Crescent of Excellence saboda ayyukanta na adabi. A cikin shekara 2012, Cibiyar Nazarin Wasiƙa ta Pakistan (PAL) ta ba Qudsia lambar yabo ta Kamal-e-Fun, lambar yabo ce ta nasara a rayuwa. A cikin shekara 2016, GCU's Old Ravians Union (GCU-ORU) a taronta na shekara-shekara ta ba ta lambar yabo ta ci gaba ta rayuwa. A wannan shekarar kuma, Pakistan Life Care Foundation (PLCF) ta kuma ba da lambar yabo ga Qudsia.
A ranar ashirin da takwas 28 ga watan Nuwamba shekara 2020, Google ta yi bikin cikarta shekaru chasa'in da biyu 92 tare da Google Doodle.
Littattafai Haifaffun 1928
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
33975 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gado%20a%20Musulunci | Gado a Musulunci | Gado shi ne al'adar karɓar dukiya, mukamai, basussuka, gata, haƙƙoƙi, da wajibai bayan mutuwar mamallakinsu Dokokin gado sun bambanta tsakanin al'ummomi kuma sun canza a tsawon lokaci. Bayar da kadarori masu zaman kansu da/ko basussuka bisa hukuma na iya yin ta ta hanyar wasiyya, kamar yadda notary ko wasu hanyoyin halal suka tabbatar.
Kalmomi A shari’a, magaji shi ne mutumin da ke da hakkin ya sami kaso na dukiyar mamaci (wanda ya rasu), bisa ka’idojin gado a hurumin da mamacin dan kasa ne ko kuma inda marigayin (marigayi ya rasu). ya mutu ko ya mallaki dukiya a lokacin mutuwa.
Gadon yana iya kasancewa ko dai a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan wasiyya ko kuma ta dokokin ƙasa idan marigayin ba shi da wasiyya. Koyaya, wasiyyar dole ne ta bi ka'idodin ikon a lokacin da aka ƙirƙira ta ko kuma a ce ba ta da inganci (alal misali, wasu jihohin ba su amince da wasiyyin da aka rubuta da hannu ba a matsayin inganci, ko kuma a cikin takamaiman yanayi) sannan kuma a yi amfani da dokokin haɗin gwiwa. Keɓanta daga gadon wanda ya kasance magaji a cikin wasiyyar da ta gabata, ko kuma ana sa ran zai gaji, ana kiransa “rashin gado”.
Mutum ba ya zama magaji kafin mutuwar mamacin, tun da a lokacin ne ake tantance ainihin mutanen da ke da hakkin cin gado. Mambobin masu mulki ko na sarakuna da ake sa ran za su zama magada, ana kiransu magada idan na farko a layi kuma ba za a iya raba su daga gado ta hanyar wani da'awar ba; in ba haka ba, su magada ne. Akwai ƙarin ra'ayi game da gadon haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke jiran renunciation da kowa sai ɗaya, wanda ake kira coparceny A cikin dokar zamani, kalmomin gado da magada suna magana ne kawai ga gado ga dukiya ta zuriyar mamaci da ke mutuwa. Masu karɓar kadarorin da aka yi nasara a ƙarƙashin wasiyya ana kiransu gabaɗaya masu cin gajiyar kuma musamman suna ƙirƙira don dukiya ta gaske, wasiyya don kadarorin mutum (sai dai kuɗi), ko wakilai don kuɗi.
Sai dai a wasu hukunce-hukuncen da ba za a iya raba wa mutum gado bisa doka ba (kamar jihar Louisiana ta Amurka, wacce ke ba da izinin raba gado kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi). Ana iya raba mutumin da zai zama magaji a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa gaba ɗaya a misali na wasiyyar ɗan wasan barkwanci Jerry Lewis wasiyyarsa ta musamman ya raba wa 'ya'yansa shida gadon matarsa ta farko., da zuriyarsu, ya bar dukan dukiyarsa ga matarsa ta biyu).
Tarihi An yi cikakken nazarin ilimin ɗan Adam da zamantakewa game da al'adun gadon uba, inda ƴaƴa maza kaɗai ke iya gado. Wasu al'adu kuma suna amfani da gadon matrilineal, inda dukiya ba za ta iya wucewa ta layin mata ba, yawanci suna zuwa ga 'ya'yan 'yar'uwar da aka haifa; amma kuma, a wasu al’ummomi, tun daga uwa zuwa ‘ya’yanta mata. Wasu tsoffin al'ummomi da mafi yawan jihohin zamani suna ɗaukar gadon adalci, ba tare da nuna bambanci dangane da jinsi da/ko tsarin haihuwa ba.
Dokokin addini game da gado
Dokokin Yahudawa Gadon na ubansa ne. Uban—wato, wanda ya mallaki ƙasar—ya ba da gado ga zuriyarsa maza ne kaɗai, saboda haka Ƙasar Alkawari ta wuce daga uba Bayahude zuwa ga ’ya’yansa. Idan babu 'ya'ya maza masu rai, ko zuriyar 'ya'ya maza na dā, 'ya'ya mata sun gaji. A cikin Littafin Ƙidaya ta 27, ’ya’yan Zelofehad (Mahlah, Noa, Hogla, Milka, da Tirza) na kabilar Manassa suka zo wurin Musa suka nemi gādon mahaifinsu, da yake ba su da ’yan’uwa. An tsara tsarin rabon gado: 'ya'yan mutum maza su fara gado, 'ya'ya mata idan ba maza, 'yan'uwa idan ba su da 'ya'ya, da dai sauransu. Daga baya, a cikin Littafin Ƙidaya sura 36, wasu shugabannin iyalan kabilar Manassa suka zo wurin Musa suka nuna cewa, idan ’ya mace ta yi gādo, ta kuma auri wanda ba na kabilarta ba, ƙasarta za ta rabu da na kabilarta ta haihuwa. gado a cikin aurenta-kabilarta. Don haka an ɗora wani ƙarin doka: idan diya ta gaji ƙasa, sai ta auri wani daga cikin kabilar mahaifinta. 'Ya'yan Zelofehad suka auri 'ya'yan 'yan'uwan mahaifinsu. Babu alamar cewa wannan ba zabinsu bane. The tractate Baba Bathra, wanda aka rubuta a lokacin marigayi Antiquity a Babila, ya yi magana sosai game da batutuwan mallakar dukiya da gado bisa ga Dokar Yahudawa. Sauran ayyukan Dokar Rabbinical, irin su Hilkhot naḥalot: mi-sefer Mishneh Torah leha-Rambam, da Sefer ha-yerushot: im yeter ha-mikhtavim be-divre ha-halakhah Aravit Ivrit uve- Aramit kuma yana magance matsalolin gado. Na farko, sau da yawa ana rage shi zuwa Mishneh Torah, Maimonides ne ya rubuta shi kuma yana da mahimmanci a al'adar Yahudawa Duk waɗannan bayanai sun yarda cewa ɗan fari yana da hakkin ya sami kashi biyu na dukiyar mahaifinsa. Wannan yana nufin cewa, misali, idan uba ya bar ’ya’ya maza biyar, ɗan fari ya karɓi kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukiyar kuma kowane ɗayan huɗu ya karɓi na shida. Idan ya bar 'ya'ya tara, ɗan fari zai karɓi na biyar, kowane ɗayan takwas kuma zai karɓi ɗari ɗaya. Idan ɗan fari ba ɗan fari ba ne, ba zai sami rabo biyu ba.
Philo na Iskandariya da Josephus suma sunyi tsokaci akan dokokin gadon yahudawa, yana yaba su sama da sauran ka’idojin dokokin zamaninsu. Sun kuma yarda cewa ɗan fari dole ne ya karɓi kashi biyu na dukiyar ubansa.
Dokokin Kirista Da farko, Kiristanci ba shi da nasa al'adun gado da ya bambanta da addinin Yahudanci. Da hawan sarki Constantine a shekara ta 306, Kiristoci duka sun fara nisantar da kansu daga addinin Yahudanci kuma suna da tasiri a kan doka da ayyukan cibiyoyi na duniya. Tun daga farko, wannan ya haɗa da gado. Ayyukan ɗaukan Romawa wata manufa ce ta musamman, domin ana ganin ya ci karo da koyarwar Yahudu da Kiristanci na primogeniture Kamar yadda Stephanie Coonz takardu a cikin aure, tarihi (Penguin, 2006), ba wai kawai nasara bane, aikace-aikacen ba kowa ya canza a cikin Yammacin Turai daga wani samfurin Greco-Roman zuwa A Tsarin Judeo-Kirista, bisa ga ƙa'idodin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da na al'ada na Yahudu-Kirista. Canjin ya kasance cikakke a tsakiyar zamanai, kodayake a cikin ƙasashen Ingilishi an sami ƙarin ci gaba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Furotesta Ko a lokacin da Turai ta zama mai zaman kanta kuma Kiristanci ya dushe a baya, harsashin doka na Kiristendam ya kasance. Sai a zamanin fikihu na zamani ne aka samu gagarumin sauyi.
Dokokin Musulunci Alkur'ani ya gabatar da wasu hakkoki daban-daban da bayar da cikakken hakki a kan sha'anin gado, da suka hada da inganta rayuwar mata da rayuwar iyali idan aka kwatanta da al'ummomin jahiliyya da suka wanzu a yankin Larabawa a lokacin da. Bugu da kari, Alkur'ani ya gabatar da karin magada wadanda ba su cancanci gado ba a zamanin jahiliyya, inda ya ambaci dangi tara musamman wadanda shida mata ne uku kuma maza. Sai dai hakkin gadon mata ya kasance bai kai na maza ba domin a Musulunci a koda yaushe wani yana da alhakin kula da abin da mace za ta kashe. Kamar yadda Alqur’ani 4:11 ya nuna, alal misali, ɗa yana da hakkin ya ninka rabon gadon ‘ya mace. Alkur'ani ya kuma gabatar da kokarin gyara dokokin gado, da kuma samar da cikakken tsarin shari'a. Wannan ci gaban ya bambanta da al'ummomin jahiliyya inda ka'idojin gado suka bambanta sosai. Baya ga sauye-sauyen da suka gabata, Alkur'ani ya sanya takunkumi a kan ikon wasiyya na musulmi wajen zubar da dukiyarsa. Ayoyi uku na Alqur'ani, sura 4:11; 4:12 da 4:176, sun ba da takamaiman bayani game da gado da rabon gado, baya ga wasu ayoyi kalilan da suka yi magana game da wasiyya. Amma wannan bayani ya kasance mafari ne daga malaman fikihu musulmi wadanda suka kara fayyace hukunce-hukuncen gado har ma da yin amfani da Hadisi, da hanyoyin tunani na fikihu kamar Kiyasi A zamanin yau, ana ɗaukar gado a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shari'a kuma aikace-aikacensa ga Musulmai wajibi ne, kodayake yawancin mutane (duba tsarin gado na Tarihi duk da kasancewarsu musulmi, suna da wasu al'adun gado.
Rashin daidaito Rarraba dukiyar da aka gada ya bambanta sosai tsakanin al'adu da tsarin shari'a daban-daban. A cikin al'ummomi masu amfani da dokar farar hula, alal misali, haƙƙin 'ya'ya na gadon dukiya daga iyaye a cikin ƙayyadaddun rabon da aka riga aka tsara an sanya shi a cikin doka, har zuwa ka'idar Hammurabi (ca. 1750 BC). A cikin Jihar Louisiana ta kasar Amurka, jihar kawai ta Amurka inda tsarin shari'a ya samo asali daga Napoleonic Code, ana kiran wannan tsarin a matsayin masu gadon tilastawa wanda ya hana cin gadon yara balagaggu sai dai wasu ƴan ƙayyadaddun dalilai da suka wajabtawa iyaye don tabbatarwa. Sauran al'adun shari'a, musamman a cikin al'ummatai masu amfani da doka na gama gari, suna ba da damar raba gado duk yadda mutum yake so, ko kuma a ba da gado ga kowane yaro saboda wadansu dalilai.
A cikin yanayin gadon da bai yi daidai ba, yawancin na iya samun ɗan kaɗan yayin da ƙaramin adadi ne kawai za su gaji adadi mai girma. Ya yi ƙasa da kimar kasuwancin da aka fara baiwa ɗa, musamman ma idan ɗa ya mallaki kasuwancin miliyoyin daloli, amma duk da haka ana baiwa 'yar ma'auni na ainihin gadon da ya kai kasa da kimar kasuwancin da aka fara baiwa dan. Ana ganin wannan musamman a cikin tsoffin al'adun duniya, amma yana ci gaba a cikin iyalai da yawa har ya zuwa yau. Hujjojin kawar da gadon tilas sun hada da ‘yancin mallakar dukiya da kuma cancantar rabon kadarori na daidaikun jama’a a kan kwace dukiyar gwamnati da sake rabon su, amma hakan bai warware abin da wasu ke yi ba. Bayyana a matsayin matsalar rashin daidaiton gado. Dangane da rashin daidaiton gado, wasu masana tattalin arziki da zamantakewa sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan yadda ake yada kudaden shiga ko dukiya wanda aka ce yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga motsi (ko rashin motsi) da matsayi a cikin al'umma. Kasashe sun bambanta kan tsarin siyasa da zabin manufofin da ke tafiyar da mika mulki. Bisa kididdigar gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka da Mark Zandi ya tattara a cikin shekarar 1985, yawan gadon Amurka ya kai dala 39,000. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, jimillar adadin gadon shekara-shekara ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu, wanda ya kai kusan dala biliyan 200. Nan da shekara ta 2050, za a yi kiyasin dala tiriliyan 25 da za a watsa gadan gadan gadan-gadan. Wasu masu bincike sun danganta wannan tasowa da tsarar jarirai A tarihi, ƴan jarirai su ne mafi girma na kwararar yara da aka haifa bayan WW2. Don haka, Thomas Shapiro ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan tsarar "suna tsakiyar cin gajiyar gado mafi girma a tarihi". Dukiyar da aka gada na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da yasa yawancin Amurkawa da suka yi arziƙi ƙila sun sami "farawa mai mahimmanci". A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 2012, bisa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa, "fiye da kashi 60" na Forbes mafi arziki 400 Amirkawa "sun girma cikin gata mai mahimmanci", kuma sau da yawa (amma ba koyaushe) sun sami gado mai mahimmanci ba. Wani bincike ya nuna cewa, gada da yawa, babba ko karami, ana saurin salwanta. Hakazalika, bincike ya nuna cewa sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na iyalai masu arziki suna rasa dukiyoyinsu a cikin tsararraki biyu, kuma kusan kashi 80% na iyaye masu arziki "suna jin cewa tsara na gaba ba su da alhakin kuɗi don sarrafa gado".
Tasirin zamantakewa An yi iƙirarin cewa gado yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci a cikin zamantakewa Gado muhimmin bangare ne na iyali, tattalin arziki, da cibiyoyi na shari'a, da kuma ainihin hanyar haduwar kawunan al'umma Haka kuma yana shafar rabon arziki a matakin al'umma. Jimillar tasirin rabon gado a kan sakamakon rarrabuwa yana ɗaukar nau'i uku, a cewar masana da suka yi nazarin batun.
Sigar farko ta gado ita ce gadon jarin al'adu (watau salon harshe, mafi girman matsayi na zamantakewa, da abubuwan da ake so). Hanya ta biyu ta gado shi ne ta hanyar shiga tsakani na iyali ta hanyar canja wurin inter vivos (watau kyauta tsakanin masu rai), musamman a lokuta masu mahimmanci a cikin darussan rayuwa. Misalai sun haɗa da lokacin matakan ci gaban yaro, kamar zuwa kwaleji, yin aure, samun aiki, da siyan gida. Nau'i na uku na gado shi ne canja wurin kadarori masu yawa a lokacin mutuwar masu yin shaida, don haka yana haifar da fa'idar tattalin arziki mai yawa ga yara a lokacin girma. Asalin kwanciyar hankali na rashin daidaito abu ne (dukiyoyi na sirri mutum zai iya samu) kuma yana da al'ada, tushen ko dai a cikin nau'o'in tarbiyyar yara da suka dace da zamantakewa bisa ga zamantakewar zamantakewa da matsayi na tattalin arziki. Ayyukan renon yara a tsakanin waɗanda suka gaji dukiya na iya kasancewa wajen fifita wasu ƙungiyoyi a kashe wasu a ƙasan tsarin zamantakewa Illolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na rashin daidaiton gado An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa girman matsayin tattalin arziki da rabon gado a cikin al'ummomi yana ƙayyade damar rayuwa a cikin al'umma. Ko da yake mutane da yawa sun danganta asalin zamantakewar mutum da samun ilimi ga damar rayuwa da dama, ilimi ba zai iya zama mafi tasiri mai hasashen motsin tattalin arziki ba. A gaskiya ma, ’ya’yan iyaye masu arziki gabaɗaya suna samun ingantacciyar makaranta kuma suna amfana daga kayan gado, al’adu, da gado. Hakazalika, samun nasarar makaranta sau da yawa yana dawwama a cikin tsararraki kuma iyalai masu yawan gado suna iya samun da kuma watsa babban adadin jarin ɗan Adam. Ƙananan jari na ɗan Adam da gado na iya haifar da rashin daidaito a kasuwannin gidaje da ilimi mafi girma. Bincike ya nuna cewa gado yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tara dukiyar gidaje. Wadanda suka sami gado sun fi samun gida fiye da wadanda ba su yi la’akari da girman gadon ba. Sau da yawa, tsirarun kabilanci ko addini da kuma daidaikun mutane daga cikin marasa galihu suna samun ƙarancin gado da dukiya.Sakamakon a iya keɓance gaurayawan jinsi a cikin gata na gado kuma suna iya yin hayan gidaje ko zama a unguwannin matalauta, da kuma samun ƙarancin ilimi idan aka kwatanta da turawa a Amurka. Mutanen da ke da ɗimbin dukiya da gado sukan yi aure tare da sauran jama'a iri ɗaya don kare dukiyoyinsu da tabbatar da ci gaba da rarraba gado a cikin tsararraki; don haka dawwamar da zagayowar gata.
Kasashen da ke da mafi girman kudin shiga da rashin daidaiton arziki galibi suna da mafi girman adadin kisan kai da cututtuka (kamar kiba, ciwon sukari, da hauhawar jini) wanda ke haifar da yawan mace-mace. Wani labarin The New York Times ya bayyana cewa Amurka ita ce kasa mafi arziki a duniya, amma "ta yi matsayi na ashirin da tara a tsawon rayuwa, a bayan Jordan da Bosnia" kuma "tana da mafi girman adadin mace-mace na biyu na kwatankwacin kasashen OECD". An yi la'akari da wannan a matsayin babban gibin rashin daidaiton gado a cikin ƙasa, ko da yake akwai wasu dalilai a fili irin su araha na kiwon lafiya Lokacin da rashin daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ya ta'allaka kan gado ke gudana ta hanyar manyan cibiyoyin zamantakewa kamar iyali, ilimi, addini, da dai sauransu, waɗannan damar rayuwa daban-daban ana jayayya cewa ana yada su daga kowane tsara. Sakamakon haka, an yi imanin wannan rashin daidaituwa ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin zamantakewa gaba ɗaya.
Gadon dadaddiyar dukiya Gadon daɗaɗɗiyar dukiya, shi ne gadon kuɗi da ake bayarwa ga tsararraki waɗanda ba su samu ba. Dynastic arziki yana da alaƙa da kalmar Plutocracy An yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da haɓaka da tasirin dukiyar daular da ta haɗa da littafin da aka fi sayar da jari a cikin ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya na masanin tattalin arzikin Faransa Thomas Piketty Bill Gates yayi amfani da kalmar a cikin labarinsa mai suna "Me ya sa rashin daidaito ke da muhimmanci".
Amsar Soviet ga gado Kamar yadda tsarin gurguzu ya kafu akan ka'idar Marxist Labor Theory of Value, duk wani kudi da aka tattara a tsawon rayuwa yana da hujja idan ya dogara ne akan 'ya'yan aikin mutum na kansa ba daga cin gajiyar wasu ba. Gwamnatin kwaminisanci ta farko da aka kafa bayan juyin juya halin Rasha ta yanke shawarar soke haƙƙin gado, tare da wasu keɓantacce.
Haraji Jihohi da yawa suna da harajin gado ko harajin gidaje, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa wani kaso na kowane gado ko ƙasa ya zama kudaden shiga na gwamnati Duba kuma Mai amfana
Gadon dijital
Dokokin gado a Kanada
Kwangila mai wayo
Kadara mai canzawa
Tsarin gidaje
Dokar iyali
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 26 July 2006 USA Today article on dilemma the rich face when leaving wealth to children
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
25589 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie%20Benedict | Maggie Benedict | Maggie Benedict (an haife ta a Pretoria a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1981) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ƴar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.
Afirka ta Kudu, marubuci kuma darekta. Ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Pretoria Tech. Benedict an fi saninsa da taka rawar Akhona Miya akan SABC 1 soap opera Generations (2011-2014).
Benedict ta fito a fina -finai ciki har da Attack On Durfur (2009), Step to a Start Up (2014) da Queen of Kwate (2016). Ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Fim da Talabijin ta Afirka ta Kudu don mafi kyawun lambar yabo ta wasan kwaikwayo don rawar da ta taka a fim ɗin 2011 The Mating Game A lokacin wasan kwaikwayon ta, Benedict ya yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Civic a Showboat da Goldilocks da The Three Bears A talabijin, Benedict ta fito a matsayin Akhona Miya a SABC wasan kwaikwayo da al'ummomi daga 2011 zuwa 2014, da kuma yadda Violet a e.tv telenovela jerin Toka Don Toka (2015-2016), ga abin da ta samu ta Kudu Afirka Film kuma Television Awards for Best- goyon bayan actress. Daga 2010 zuwa 2011, ta Co-alamar tauraro a matsayin Zoey Matsekwa a cikin M-Net kykNET soapie Binnelanders.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi Benedict ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1981 a Pretoria, lardin Gauteng, diyar malamin da ya yi ritaya, kuma likita. Tana da 'yan uwa biyu, Nkoni da Abel Benedict. Benedict ya kammala karatun sa daga Pretoria Technikon (Yanzu aka sani da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane inda ta fara wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 2007, Benedict ta sauke karatu daga makarantar koyon wasan kwaikwayo ta New York 'Michael Howard Studios. A matsayinta na ɗalibar kwaleji, ta sanya za a same ta a rataye a cikin dakunan karatu. Yayin da yake makaranta, Benedict ya yi abubuwa daban -daban na samarwa da wasan kwaikwayo na makaranta, gami da "Shin Kowa Ya San Sarah Paisner" da "Anais Nin Ya Je Wuta". A cikin 2008, ta fito a cikin daidaita fim ɗin Anthony Minghella na jerin littattafan Alexander McCall Smith The No. 1 Ladies 'Detective Agency, ta fito a fim ɗin tare da Jill Scott da Anika Noni Rose Aikin fim da aikin Talabijin Benedict ta zama tauraruwa a bainar jama'a a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, gami da SABC 3 Hard Copy (2006), kykNET series Hartland a 2011, da SABC 2 Geraamtes in die Kas a (2013-2011). A cikin 2007, Bayan kammala karatu daga kwaleji, ta sami matsayi akan 7de Laan Wannan shine shirin TV na farko, ta nuna rawar Lebo. A cikin 2010 Benedict ta fito a matsayin Grace Molele a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na SABC 2 Wasan Mating, a cikin 2010 tare da Renate Stuurman da Elma Postma. An dogara ne akan, rayuwar sirri na mata uku da ke gwagwarmaya da uwa, soyayya da abokantaka. Tsakanin watan Afrilu 2010 da 2011, an jefa ta a cikin M-Net/kykNET soapie Binnelanders (wanda aka sani da Binneland Sub Judice a lokacin).
Tsararraki (2011-2014 Axed) A cikin Oktoba 12, 2011, ta fara halarta a karon farko a SABC1 sanannen sabulun Sabulu, inda ta taka rawar Akhona Memela Miya, Matsayin ya kawo fitowar Benedict sosai da yabo. Sabulu ta kasance nasara nan take a cikin kimantawa (tare da kusan masu kallo miliyan 7 a kowane sashi), kuma Benedict ya zama mai son masu sauraro. A cikin 2014 Benedict da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo 15 an sallame su bayan sun shiga yajin aiki (na karin albashi) kuma sun kasa cika wa'adin da furodusoshi ya ba su don komawa bakin aiki. Bayan mai gabatar da shirye-shirye na Generations Mfundi Vundla ya kori 'yan wasan daga shirin kuma ya soke kwangilar su,' Yan wasan (Generations 16) sun dauki matakin doka.
Toka Zuwa Toka yanzu A watan Fabrairun 2015, watanni da yawa bayan wasan kwaikwayon Generations 16 saga, Benedict da sauran ƴan wasan da aka kora sun shiga etv sabon telenovela Ashes To Ashes (2015-2016).
Fina-finai
Talabijin
Manazarta
Hanyoyin waje Pages with unreviewed |
39723 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice%20Talon | Patrice Talon | Patrice Guillaume Athanase Talon (an haife shi 1 ga watan Mayu 1958) ɗan siyasan Benin ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda ya kasance Shugaban Benin tun daga 6 Afrilu 2016.
Rayuwar farko da aiki Talon dan asalin Fon ne kuma an haife shi a Ouidah .fito daga masu fataucin bayi. Mahaifinsa ya fito daga Ouidah yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta fito daga dangin Guédégbé a Abomey Ya sami digiri na uku a Dakar, Senegal Bayan ya sami digiri na "C" a digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyya a Jami'ar Dakar, an tura shi zuwa École nationale de l'aviation civile a Paris. Tare da mafarkai na zama matukin jirgi, Talon ya gaza gwajin likita kuma wannan mafarkin ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. A cikin 1983, Talon ya shiga cikin hada-hadar kasuwanci da kayan aikin gona. A cikin 1985, ya koma Benin ya kafa Kamfanin Rarraba Intercontinental Distribution Company (Société Distribution Intercontinentale SDI), wanda ke ba da kayan aikin noma ga masu kera auduga. A shekarar 1990, bayan shawarwarin da bankin duniya ya bayar na samar da ‘yancin walwala ga tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afirka, an bukaci kasar Benin da ta janye daga tsarin noman auduga. Daga nan sai Talon ya samu damar kafa masana'antun sarrafa auduga guda uku a kasar Benin. An kuma yi masa lakabi da "Sarkin Auduga" saboda yadda ya shiga harkar auduga. Ya gina daularsa ne saboda alaka da ajin siyasar Benin. Talon ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan kudi na shugaba Thomas Boni Yayi, inda ya ba da kudin yakin neman zabensa a zabukan 2006 da 2011 Kamfaninsa, Benin Control, ya mallaki kamfanoni biyu mallakar kasa, Sodeco a 2009 da PVI a 2011. A cikin 2011, Talon ya karɓi sarrafa kayan da ake shigowa da su Cotonou a tashar jiragen ruwa na Cotonou. A shekara ta 2012, ya tsere zuwa Faransa bayan da aka zarge shi da yin almubazzaranci da haraji fiye da Euro miliyan 18. Ya yi kaca-kaca da Boni Yayi inda aka zarge shi da hannu a wani yunkurin kashe shi. An yi masa afuwa a shekarar 2014. A cikin 2015, Forbes ta sanya Talon a matsayin mutum na 15 mafi arziki a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara, mai arzikin da ya kai kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 400.
Shugaban kasa Talon ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa a zaben shugaban kasa na watan Maris 2016 Ya zo na biyu a matsayin Firayim Minista Lionel Zinsou na Cowry Forces na Benin mai tasowa a zagayen farko na jefa kuri'a, amma ya lashe zagaye na biyu da kashi 65% na kuri'un. Zinsou ya amince a daren zaben. A ranar 25 ga Maris, 2016, Talon ya ce zai "da farko zai tunkari sake fasalin tsarin mulkin kasar", yana tattaunawa kan shirinsa na takaita shugabanni zuwa wa'adi guda na shekaru biyar domin yakar "rashin gamsuwa". Ya kuma ce ya shirya rage gwamnati daga mutane 28 zuwa 16. An rantsar da Talon a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2016. A ranar ne aka sanar da kafa gwamnatinsa. Babu firaminista, kuma ’yan takarar shugaban kasa biyu da suka sha kaye, wadanda suka goyi bayan Talon a zagaye na biyu, Pascal Koupaki da Abdoulaye Bio-Tchane, an nada su a manyan mukamai, Sakatare-Janar na Fadar Shugaban Kasa da Karamin Ministan Tsare-tsare da Ci Gaba, bi da bi. Talon ya yi alkawarin kara yawan arzikin kasar Benin nan da shekaru biyar tare da kyautata alakarta da Faransa. Wasu daga cikin manufofinsa sun hada da rage karfin bangaren zartaswa da kuma takaita wa'adin mulki na shekaru biyar, wata sabuwar shawara a Afirka. Ya nada ministoci 22, hudu daga cikinsu mata ne. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2017, Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ta gaza zartar da wani kudirin doka da zai kai ga zaben raba gardama kan kudirin Talon na takaita wa’adin shugaban kasa na tsawon shekaru biyar. Kuri’u 63 na ‘yan majalisar dokokin kasar 83 ne ake bukata domin amincewa, kuma kudirin ya samu kuri’u 60. Talon ya ce bayan kwanaki kadan ba zai kara bibiyar lamarin ba. Ya ce ya ji takaicin sakamakon zaben amma yana mutunta hakan saboda jajircewarsa na tabbatar da dimokradiyya. Ya ki cewa ko zai tsaya takara a 2021, amma daga karshe ya bayyana cewa zai yi. Sunan dimokradiyyar Benin ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Canje-canjen dokar na nufin cewa 'yan takarar shugaban kasa na bukatar goyon bayan 'yan majalisar dokoki 16 kuma kusan dukkan 'yan majalisar wakilai na yanzu mambobin jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan Talon. An yi hasashen cewa za a iya sake zaben Talon ba tare da hamayya ba. Daga karshe, an sake zabe shi da kashi 86% na kuri'un. A cikin 2018, Sébastien Ajavon, abokin hamayyar da ya zo na uku a zaben shugaban kasa na 2016, an yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekaru 25 a gidan yari saboda "fasalin muggan kwayoyi" da "jabu da zamba". An yanke wa wasu ‘yan adawa da dama hukuncin dauri mai tsanani a watan Disamban 2021. An yanke wa tsohuwar ministar shari'a Reckya Madougou hukuncin daurin shekaru 20 a gidan yari saboda "ta'addanci", da kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a Joël Aïvo shekaru 10 saboda "halakatar kudaden haram" da kuma "nakasa tsaron jihar". A cewar ɗan jarida kuma malami Francis Kpatindé, manufofin Talon sun haifar da raguwar yancin ɗan adam da yancin yajin aiki.
Rayuwa ta sirri Talon ya auri uwargidan shugaban kasa Claudine Gbènagnon daga Porto-Novo kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu.
Nassoshi Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1958
Patrice |
16405 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangaren%20wutar%20lantarki%20a%20Ghana | Bangaren wutar lantarki a Ghana | Ghana tana samar da wutar lantarki daga makamashin lantarki, burbushin mai (makamashin thermal), da kuma hanyoyin samarda makamashi. Samar da wutar lantarki na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasar ta Ghana, tare da haɓaka da haɓaka masana'antu cikin sauri; Yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na kasar ta Ghana ya kai awanni 265 a kowace kwata a cikin shekarar 2009.
Ghana na fitar da wasu makamashin da ta samu zuwa wasu kasashen. Bayar da wutar lantarki yana karkashin ayyukan Kamfanin Grid na Ghana. Rabon wutar yana karkashin Kamfanin Rarraba Wutar Lantarki na Arewa da Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Ghana.
Tarihi Samun wutar lantarki na farko da gwamnatin Ghana ta tallafawa a Ghana ta fara ne a shekara ta 1914 a Sekondi-Takoradi, wanda Hukumar Kula da Railway ta Ghana (Ghana Railway Corporation) ke aiki. An fadada wutar lantarki zuwa Sekondi-Takoradi a shekarata 1928. Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Ghana ta fara wadataccen kayan aiki kai tsaye (DC) a cikin Accra a lokacin 1922. Babban aikin canzawa na yanzu (AC) ya fara ne a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1924, kuma an girka wata karamar shuka wacce ta kunshi injiniyoyi guda uku a kwance masu amfani da mai a cikin Koforidua a 1925.
A cikin 1926, an fara aikin rarraba wutar lantarki zuwa Kumasi. Kuntataccen isar da yamma ya fara a watan Mayu 1927, kuma an kawo tashar wutar lantarki cikakke aiki a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1927. A wannan shekarar aka sanya wadatar DC a Winneba amma daga baya aka canza ta zuwa AC ta hanyar faɗaɗa wadataccen wadata daga Swedru kuma a lokacin 1929-30, an ba da wadataccen wutar lantarki zuwa Tamale har sai da aka sanya sabon injin AC a 1938.
Tashar wutar lantarki ta gaba da za a kafa ita ce Cape Coast a cikin 1932. Ma'aikatar Wutar Lantarki ta Ghana ta karɓi wannan a cikin 1947. An ba da tashar samarda wutar lantarki ta Ghana a Swedru a 1948 kuma wannan ya biyo bayan girka shuke-shuke a Akim Oda, Dunkwa-on-Offin da Bolgatanga a 1948. A ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1949, an samar da wutar lantarki a Nsawam ta hanyar gina layin watsa daga sama daga Accra. Rashin wutar lantarki na Keta wanda aka sanya shi cikin shirin ya sami jinkiri saboda matsalolin ma'aikata kuma ba a ƙaddamar da shi ba har zuwa 1955.
An ƙaddamar da tashar wutar lantarki ta Tema a cikin 1956 tare da samfurin kilowatts 3 x 650 (870 hp) na samar da dizal. Tashar wutar Ho ta biyo baya a 1957 kuma daga 1961-64. An faɗaɗa tashar wutar Tema zuwa matsakaicin ƙarfin kilowatts 35,298 (47,335 hp), saboda haka, yana mai yiwuwa ya zama babbar tashar samar da mai ta diesel a Afirka.
A cikin 1963 sashen Ghana na Wutar Lantarki ya fara aiki da tsarin watsawa na farko 161 kV a Ghana, wanda aka yi amfani dashi don daukar wuta daga tashar wutar lantarki ta Tema. A lokacinda yakai kololuwa a shekarar 1965, anyi amfani da kusan kashi 75 na ikon a cikin Accra. A shekarar 1994, karfin samarda Ghana ya kai kimanin 1,187GW, kuma yawan abin da ake samarwa a shekara ya kai kimanin 4.49GW. Babban tushen wadatar shine Hukumar Volta River tare da injinan lantarki 127MW shida da aka girka a Akosombo Hydroelectric Project. A wannan lokacin, wannan aikin ya samar da yawancin wutar lantarki da aka cinye a Ghana, kusan kashi 60 cikin ɗari wanda Kungiyar Aluminium ta Volta (Valco) ta saya don ƙarata. Fitar da tashar wutar lantarki ta kai kimanin tan 180,000 na mai a cikin 1991.
Ididdigar wutar lantarkin ta Ghana an samar da ita ne ta injunan dizal mallakar Kamfanin Lantarki na Ghana, na kamfanonin haƙar ma'adinai, kuma ta wata tashar samar da ruwa mai karfin 160MW a Kpong, kimanin kilomita 40 ta gangara daga Akosombo. An yi nazarin madatsar ruwa ta uku a Bui a kan Kogin Black Volta kuma an kammala ta a cikin 2013.
Sauran rukunin yanar gizon da ke da karfin samar da lantarki, a kan Kogin Pra (Ghana), da Kogin Tano, da White Volta River, da Kogin Ankobra, suma zasu buƙaci saka hannun jari mai yawa.
Ghana ta yi yunƙurin ƙara rarraba wutar lantarkin ta a duk faɗin ƙasar. Daya daga cikin shirye-shiryen da Ghana ta ƙaddamar zai samar da ingantaccen wutar lantarki a cikin birane da kudancin ƙasar. Bugu da kari, an ba da aikin fadada layin sadarwar kasa zuwa yankin Arewa a shekarar 1989. Fadada aikin ya danganta arewacin Ghana da ikon da aka samu daga Madatsar ruwan Akosombo.
Kashi na biyu na fadada aikin zai hade manyan garuruwa a yankin Upper East da Bolgatanga babban birnin yankin, kan kudi dalar Amurka miliyan 100. Mataki na karshe zai ga fitar da lantarki daga iyakar Ghana zuwa Burkina-Faso. A farkon 1991 Kamfanin Lantarki na Ghana ya fara fadada hanyoyin sadarwar lantarki a yankunan arewa maso yammacin Accra kuma kamfanin na Ghana na da niyyar fadada samar da wutar zuwa dukkan cibiyoyin da ke kebe a Ghana inda man dizel shi ne babban tushen samar da wuta. An kuma shirya wani shiri na kara samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da makamashin zafin sannan kuma ana sa ran ginawa a karshen shekarar 1994 a kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na farko a kusa da Sekondi-Takoradi kuma an shirya kammala shi a shekarar 1997, kamfanin ya ba da gudummawar wutar lantarki 300MW ga Ghana tsarin kasa.
Tun daga 2007, Ghana ta zama mai fitar da wutar lantarki kuma tun daga 2011 ta kasance mai fitar da danyen mai, da iskar gas, da kuma janareta na lantarki ta hanyar makamashin zafi, da wutar lantarki, da hasken rana da kuma kuzarin sabuntawa tun daga 2012.
Burbushin mai
Danyen mai da kuma iskar gas Ghana na samar da gas mai nauyin cubic miliyan 140-200 a kowace rana kuma a cikin ta an hana samar da iskar gas a Ghana daga cikakken damar samarwa tun daga watan Disambar 2012, saboda jinkirin gina matatar iskar gas ta Ghana a Sekondi-Takoradi wanda aka tsara za a kammala shi a watan Disambar 2012 kuma yanzu an shirya kammala shi a watan Disambar 2013, kuma saboda hakan ne ya haifar da barkewar iskar gas kuma Ghana ta yi asarar daruruwan miliyoyi a rana tun Disambar 2012 a cikin kudaden shiga daga samar da iskar gas. Tun watan Disambar 2012 biliyoyin daloli a shekara suka yi asara daga GDP na Ghana saboda jinkirin da ake yi na gina matatar iskar gas a Sekondi-Takoradi.
An gano wani filin mai na Ghana wanda aka ruwaito yana dauke da gangar mai biliyan 3 (480,000,000 m3) na danyen mai a 2007, kuma a cewar gwamnatin Ghana, kasar za ta iya fadada yawan mai da ya kai ganga biliyan 5 (790,000,000 m3) na danyen mai a cikin yan shekaru kadan.
Ghana na fitar da gangar danyen mai 200,000 a kowace rana a kan matsakaita daga ganga miliyan 1-2 na danyen mai a kowace rana, da kuma kudin shigar da ake hako danyen mai na dala biliyan 30 a shekara; kamar yadda yake tare da Angola, ita ma mai samar da danyen mai, tana da ganga miliyan 2 na danyen mai a kowace rana kuma tana samun dala biliyan 33.7 da ake tsammani a duk shekara a kudaden shigar danyen mai.
Babban tasirin tattalin arziki daga burbushin halittu a cikin tattalin arzikin Ghana ya fara ne daga rubu'in farko na shekarar 2011 lokacin da Ghana ta fara samar da danyen mai da iskar gas a yawan kasuwanci kuma masana'antar danyen mai ta Ghana tana da kashi 6% na kudin shigar Ghana na 2011. Ana ci gaba da binciken Mai da Gas a ƙasar Ghana kuma adadin ɗanyen mai da iskar gas a Gana yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa.
Makamashin rana Babban hoto (PV) da kuma babbar tashar samar da hasken rana a Afirka, aikin Nzema, wanda yake a Ghana, zai iya samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje sama da 100,000. Kamfanin 155MW zai kara karfin samar da wutar lantarki a Ghana da kashi 6%.
Aikin gini a kan GH 740 miliyan (GB£ 248 million) da kuma kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana na 4 a duniya, ana bunkasa shi ne ta kamfanin Blue Energy, wani kamfani ne mai sabunta makamashi na samar da makamashi, wanda mambobi ne na, Stadium Group, babban kamfani mai zaman kansa na Turai da kamfanin ci gaba tare da fam biliyan 2.5 karkashin kulawa. Daraktan aikin shine Douglas Coleman, daga Mere Power Nzema Ltd, Ghana.
Sabanin sauran ayyukan samar da hasken rana a Afirka wadanda ke amfani da karfin hasken rana, tsirrai masu amfani da hasken rana za su yi amfani da fasahar daukar hoto (PV) don sauya hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa lantarki. Girkawar fiye da 630,000 masu amfani da hasken rana na PV za ta fara a ƙarshen 2017.
Tun daga watan Agusta 2015, aikin yana ci gaba.
Makamashin iska Baya ga samar da wutar lantarki da kuma amfani da hasken rana, kasar ta Ghana tana kuma samar da wasu makamashi masu yawa, sauran nau'ikan makamashi da ke samar da wutar lantarki a Ghana sune makamashin iska, da na geothermal da kuma na biomass. Manufa ce ta masana'antar makamashi ta Ghana a samu kashi 10% na curin makamashin na Ghana ya fito ne daga kafofin da za a iya sabuntawa (ba tare da kidaya wutar lantarki mai karfi ba) a shekarar 2015, ko kuma a karshen shekarar 2020.
Ghana tana da albarkatun iska na aji 4-6 da wuraren da iska mai karfi take kamar Nkwanta, da Accra Plains, da Kwahu da Gambaga. Matsakaicin ƙarfin da za'a samu daga albarkatun iska na Ghana don wutar lantarki an kiyasta ya kai kimanin 500 600 GWh shekara. Don bayar da hangen nesa A cikin 2011, daga wannan Hukumar Makamashi, babbar madatsar ruwa ta Akosombo a cikin Gana kawai ta samar da GWhrs 6,495 na wutar lantarki kuma, ana kirga dukkan albarkatun da ke samar da makamashi a Ghana gaba daya, duka makamashin da aka samar ya kai GWhrs 11,200 a wannan shekarar.
Waɗannan ƙididdigar ba sa la'akari da ƙarin iyakance abubuwan kamar ƙuntatawa-amfani da ƙasa, grid ɗin da ake ciki (ko yadda nisan albarkatun iska zai iya kasancewa daga layin wutar) da kuma isa. Karfin iska yana da damar bayar da gudummawa sosai ga masana'antar makamashin ƙasar tabbas za a iya samun kashi 10 cikin 100 dangane da ƙarfin shigar da shi, kuma kusan 5% na ƙarfin samar da lantarki daga iska kawai.
Bio makamashi Ghana ta tsara wasu dabaru don jawo hankalin masu saka jari a bangarorin ta na zamani da kuma makamashi domin karfafa ci gaban karkara, samar da ayyukan yi da kuma adana kudaden kasashen waje.
Kasar da ake nomawa da taɓarɓarewar ƙasar ta Ghana na da damar noman albarkatun gona da tsire-tsire waɗanda za a iya canza su zuwa nau'ikan makamashi masu ƙarfi da ruwa, kamar yadda haɓakar wasu hanyoyin zirga-zirgar keɓaɓɓu na iya taimaka wa Ghana ta faɗaɗa da kuma tabbatar da ita samar da makamashi na gaba. Babban saka hannun jari a cikin karamin sashin makamashi ya wanzu a fannonin samarwa, sune sufuri, ajiya, rarrabawa, sayarwa, kasuwanci da fitarwa.
Burin kasar Ghana dangane da makamashi, kamar yadda manufofin bangaren makamashi suka bayyana, shine zamanantar da zamani da kuma nazarin fa'idodin makamashin a dunkule. Biomass ita ce babbar hanyar samar da makamashi a kasar Ghana dangane da baiwa da kuma amfani, tare da manyan albarkatun mai guda biyu da ake amfani dasu sune ethanol da biodiesel. Don haka, ma'aikatar makamashi ta Ghana a shekarar 2010 ta kirkiro dabarun bangaren makamashi da shirin bunkasa. Karin bayanai kan dabarun manufofin manufofi na bangaren makamashi mai sabuntawa sun hada da dorewa da samarwa da ingantaccen amfani da itacen mai-mai yayin tabbatar da cewa amfani da su ba zai haifar da sare dazuzzuka ba.
Tsarin zai tallafawa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu saka jari a fannin noman bio-fuel, hakar mai da kuma tace shi a cikin kayayyakin na biyu, ta haka ne zai samar da hanyoyin da suka dace na kudi da haraji. Dokar Sabunta makamashi ta Ghana ta samar da kwarin gwiwa na kasafin kudi don cigaban makamashi daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, sannan kuma yayi bayani dalla-dalla game da sarrafawa da gudanar da aiyukan samar da mai da bishiyoyi a Ghana. Hukumar Kula da Man Fetur ta Ghana (NPA) ta yi aiki da Dokar Sabunta makamashi ta 2011 don ta sanya farashin kayan mai na kasar ta Ghana bisa ga tsarin farashin mai.
Haɗakar tasirin canjin yanayi da rikice-rikicen tattalin arziƙin duniya, ya haifar da da hanzari tsakanin masu tsara manufofin Ghana, masana'antu da masu neman ci gaba don nemo ɗorewa da ingantacciyar hanyar samar da mai.
A halin yanzu, Brazil, wacce ke samar da ethanol daga masara da dawa, ita ce babbar kasuwar mai a duniya.
Duba kuma Tattalin Arziki na Ghana
Ikon nukiliya a Ghana
Dumsor, kalmar gida don wutar lantarki baƙar fata
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31631 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abubakar%20Nurmagomedov | Abubakar Nurmagomedov | Abubakar Nurmagomedov (An haife shi 13 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da tara (1989) Miladiyya. ɗan ƙasar Rasha ne sannan kuma ɗan wasan yaƙi ne, wanda a halin yanzu yake fafatawa a rukunin Welterweight na Gasar kwararrun yaki. Shi ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta Tagulla sau uku a gasar combat sambo ta duniya kuma zakaran sambo na kasar Rasha.
Fage An haifi Abubakar Nurmagomedov a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, shekarar 1989 a ƙauyen Goksuv a gundumar Khasavyurtovsky, Dagestan A makarantar firamare Abubakar ya fara horar da wasan kokawa, kuma bayan kammala sakandare ya shiga Combat Sambo karkashin Abdulmanap Nurmagomedov A cikin shekarar 2014 ya lashe lambar yabo ta tagulla a gasar cin kofin duniya na Combat Sambo.
Haɗaɗɗen sana'ar fasaha
Farkon aiki Nurmagomedov ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar MMA a watan Oktoban 2011 da Ibrahim Dzhantukhanov na Rasha, kuma ya yi nasara a zagayen farko ta Mikawuya (armbar). A gasar tauraruwar Sochi ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Magomed Mustafaev da bugun fasaha a zagayen farko.
Gasar Combat Sambo ta Duniya Abubakar ya zo a matsayi na uku a gasar sambo ta duniya daban-daban, da zakarun duniya da dama kamar Yaroslav Amosov da Pavel Kusch, da Eldar Eldarov a gasar da ya fafata a gasar. Jerin Yakin Duniya A watan Maris Nurmagomedov ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da WSOF. A cikin WSOF na farko, Nurmagomedov ya ci Jorge Moreno na Amurka a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2015 a WSOF 22 ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya. Bayan halarta na farko ya doke abokin gaba na gaba daga Las Vegas, Nevada Danny Davis Jr. a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015 a WSOF 26 ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya. Nurmagomedov ya fuskanci Matthew Frincu a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2016 a WSOF 30. Ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu.
Nurmagomedov ya fuskanci John Howard a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2016 a WSOF 33 Ya ci nasara a yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara baki daya.
Nurmagomedov ya fuskanci Matt Secor a ranar 18 ga Maris 2017 a WSOF 35. Ya ci nasara a yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara baki daya.
Ƙwararrun Mayakan League Nurmagomedov ya yi takara a PFL welterweight Grand-Prix. Ya fuskanci Pavel Kusch a zagaye na farko a PFL 3 a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2018. Ya yi rashin nasara a fafatawar ta baya-tsirara shake sallama a zagaye na biyu.
Nurmagomedov ya fuskanci Jonatan Westin a ranar 16 ga Agusta, 2018 a PFL 6 Ya ci nasara a yaƙin da yanke shawara gaba ɗaya.
A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2018, an sanar da cewa Nurmagomedov zai maye gurbin João Zeferino a gasar Welterweight a PFL 10 a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2018. Ya fuskanci Bojan Veličković a zagaye na kusa da na karshe. Fafatawar dai ta kare ne da ci daya mai ban haushi inda Nurmagomedov ya tsallake rijiya da baya sakamakon lashe zagayen farko. Duk da haka, Nurmagomedov bai tsallake zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe ba saboda rauni a hannu kuma Veličković ya maye gurbinsa.
Gasar Yaƙin Ƙarshe Nurmagomedov ya fara halartan sa na gabatarwa a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2019 a UFC Fight Night 163 da David Zawada Ya yi rashin nasara ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na daya. Nurmagomedov ya fuskanci Jared Gooden a ranar 27 ga Maris, 2021 a UFC 260 Ya ci nasara a yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara baki daya. An shirya Nurmagomedov zai fuskanci Daniel Rodriguez a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2021 a UFC akan ESPN 26 Duk da haka, an tilasta Nurmagomedov ya janye daga taron, saboda rauni.
Gasa da nasarori
Sambo Ƙungiyar Sambo ta Duniya
Yaƙi Sambona duniya s-Moscow, Rasha Yaƙi Sambo World Championships-Moscow, Rasha Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a Yaƙin Sambo Daga cikin Ƙwararru-Gaspra, Mai ba da lambar yabo ta Crimea
Rigingimu
UFC 229 Nurmagomedov-McGregor ya faru bayan yakin A UFC 229, Khabib Nurmagomedov ya tsallake kejin bayan nasarar da ya samu kuma aka caje shi zuwa Dillon Danis na kusurwar Conor McGregor Ba da jimawa ba McGregor da Abubakar sun yi yunkurin fita daga cikin dodon doki, amma rikici ya barke a tsakaninsu bayan McGregor ya kai wa Abubakar hari. Daga nan sai biyu daga cikin mutanen kusurwa Khabib, Zubaira Tukhugov da Esed Emiragaev suka kai wa McGregor hari. A ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2019, NSAC ta ba da sanarwar dakatar da Nurmagomedov na shekara guda, (wanda zai koma Oktoba 6, 2018) da tarar $25,000. Ya cancanci sake yin takara a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2019.
Bayanan gaurayayyun masu fasahar yaki |Win
|align=center|16–3–1
|Jared Gooden
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 260
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|Loss
|align=center|15–3–1
|David Zawada
|Submission (triangle choke)
|UFC Fight Night: Magomedsharipov vs. Kattar |align=center|1
|align=center|2:50
|Moscow, Russia
|Draw
|align=center|
|Bojan Veličković
|Draw (unanimous)
|PFL 10
|align=center| 2
|align=center| 5:00
|Washington, D.C., United States
|Win
|align=center|15–2
|Jonatan Westin
|Decision (unanimous)
|PFL 6 |align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|Loss
|align=center|14–2
|Pavel Kusch
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|PFL 3 |align=center|2
|align=center|1:23
|Washington, D.C., United States
|Win
|align=center|14–1
|Matt Secor
|Decision (unanimous)
|WSOF 35
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Verona, New York, United States
|Win
|align=center|13–1
|John Howard
|Decision (unanimous)
|WSOF 33
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Kansas City, Missouri, United States
Win
align=center|12–1
Matthew Frincu
TKO (punches)
WSOF 30
align=center| 2 align=center| 3:05
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Win
align=center| 11–1
Danny Davis Jr.
Decision (unanimous)
WSOF 26
align=center| 3
align=center| 5:00
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Win
align=center| 10–1
Jorge Moreno
Decision (unanimous)
WSOF 22
align=center| 3
align=center| 5:00
Las Vegas, Nevada, United States Win
align=center| 9–1
Vladimir Gunzu
TKO (punches)
Sochi Star Club: Sochi Star Tournament 3
align=center| 1
align=center| N/A
Sochi, Russia
Loss
align=center| 8–1
Magomed Mustafaev
TKO (doctor stoppage)
rowspan=2|Sochi Star Club: Sochi Star Tournament 1
rowspan=2|
align=center| 2
align=center| 4:11
rowspan=2|Sochi, Russia
Win
align=center| 8–0
Richard Totrav
TKO (punches)
align=center| 1
align=center| 4:27
Win
align=center| 7–0
Dmitry Capmari
TKO (punches)
Union of Veterans of Sport: Champion Cup
align=center| 1
align=center| 3:36
Novosibirsk, Russia
Win
align=center| 6–0
Magomed Shakhbanov
TKO (punches)
Liga Kavkaz: Grand Umakhan Battle
align=center| 1
align=center| 2:46
Khunzakh, Russia
Win
align=center| 5–0
Yuri Grigoryan
Submission (kimura)
Russian MMA Union: St. Petersburg MMA Championship 1
align=center| 1
align=center| 1:40
Saint Petersburg, Russia Win
align=center| 4–0
Sergei Akinin
TKO (punches)
rowspan=2|OctagonMMA Warriors: Nurmagomedov vs. Akinin
rowspan=2|
align=center| 1
align=center| 4:10
rowspan=2|Zhukovsky, Russia
Win
align=center| 3–0
Adilbek Zhaldoshov
TKO (punches)
align=center| 1
align=center| 3:40
Win
align=center| 2–0
Anatoly Safronov
Submission (triangle choke)
Liga Kavkaz 2012
align=center| 1
align=center| 2:30
Khasavyurt, Russia
Win
align=center| 1–0
Ibrahim Dzhantukhanov
Submission (armbar)
ProFC: Battle in the Caucasus
align=center| 1
align=center| 1:32
Khasavyurt, Russia
Duba kuma Jerin mayakan WSOF na yanzu
Jerin mazaje gauraye masu fasahar yaƙi
Manazarta Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
43376 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukumar%20Kwallon%20Kwando%20ta%20Najeriya | Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Najeriya | Hukumar kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya (NBBF), ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando na maza da mata a Najeriya NBBF ta kasance reshen FIBA Africa tun a shekarar 1963, kuma ofisoshinta suna Abuja da Legas Gasar FIBA Manyan ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na maza na Nijeriya sun halarci wasannin FIBI na Fiba a Gasar Wasanni Sau 17, a shekarun: 1972, 1978, 1980 ,1985, 1987, 1992, 1995 1997 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007,2009, 2007, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015 Samun zinari ɗaya, azurfa uku da tagulla uku, kuma ya halarci gasar cin kofin duniya na FIBA sau biyu, a cikin shekarar 1998 da shekarar 2006, inda suka sanya na 13 da na 14 bi da bi. Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta ƙarshe ta ga ‘yan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Najeriya sun lashe lambar zinare bayan da suka doke ƙungiyar Angola da ke da rinjaye. Wannan wasan dai ya sanya ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Najeriya ta zama ta ɗaya a nahiyar Afirka kuma ta 16 a duniya yayin da tawagar mata ta kasa ke matsayi na 6 a nahiyar Afirka kuma ta 42 a duniya. Hakan ya samu ne ta hanyar jajircewa da tsare-tsare da Tijjani Umar ke jagoranta.
Kwanan nan, ƙungiyar ta samu nasara, saboda wani shiri na ɗaukar jami’o’in Amurka da ƙwararrun ‘yan wasa ‘yan asalin Najeriya. Tawagar da 'yan Najeriya-Amurka suka mamaye ta samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA a shekara ta 2006, wanda hakan ya zama karo na biyu a tarihin ƙasar da ta samu tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA Ƴan wasa takwas a tawagar da suka wakilci Najeriya a gasar FIBA AfroBasket a shekarar 2009 a Amurka Najeriya ta kuma samu gurbin shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara a shekarar 2012, inda tawagarsu ta ƙunshi 'yan Najeriya-Amurka 10, 10 daga cikinsu haifaffen Amurka ne.
Sauran gasa Najeriya ta samu lambobin yabo da dama a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afrika, kuma ta zo ta 4 a gasar Commonwealth ta shekarar 2006, inda ta gaza zuwa matsayi na 3 a Ingila Tawagar ƙwallon kwandon maza ta Najeriya D'tigers sun halarci gasar cin kofin duniya ta Gold Coast na shekarar 2018 kuma sun yi rashin nasara a dukkan wasannin da suka buga.
Zakarun Gasar Afrobasket na 2015 Manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Najeriya, aka D'Tigers, a karshe ita ce ta zama zakara a nahiyar Afirka bayan zabukan da ta yi a gasar maza ta Afrobasket da aka gudanar kwanan nan a Tunisia daga 19-30 ga Agusta, shekarar 2015.
Nasarar da muke yi a yau ba ta zo da sauki ba domin hukumar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya karkashin jagorancin Tijjani Umar ta fuskanci matsaloli daban-daban a kan hanyar zuwa wannan matakin da sauran Hukumomin da suka yi yunkurin kai wa.
Hanyar samun nasara a yau ta fara ne a shekarar 2013 bayan wa'adi na biyu na Tijjani Umar a matsayin shugaban NBBF. Duk da matsalolin da aka yi a kan hanyarta, Hukumar ta fara aiki da gaske kuma ta je neman ƙwararrun ƴan wasan da ƙasar ke da su a ciki da wajen ƙasar.
A Afrobasket a Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire a shekarar 2013, masu kishin ƙwallon kwando da dama sun yi tir da Najeriya don ganin ta karya kashin da Angola ke da shi a wasan ƙwallon kwando na nahiyar, amma raunin da wasu dalilai na fasaha suka karya wannan mafarkin.
Ba wanda ya dauki rashin nasara da wasa, Umar da tawagarsa tare da gudunmawar ’yan wasa, sun yi wani kima da kai, inda suka yanke shawarar cewa, kungiyar tare da jiga-jigan ’yan wasanta na duniya, tana bukatar hidimomin ƙwararrun ’yan wasan da za su iya sauya fasalin wasan. kungiyar cikin zakarun da gaske suke.
Ta haka ne aka zabi Ba’amurke William Voigt daga cikin sunayen da suka nemi tinker tawagar Najeriya. Shi ma yana jin yunwar samun nasara a aikinsa na farko a Afirka, ya zo ne tare da ma’aikatansa domin su karama mataimakan Najeriya da Hukumar NBBF ta samar.
'Yan wasa uku daga gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya wato DSTV Men's Basketball League na daga cikin 'yan wasan share fage da aka zaɓa don fara zango a Abuja ranar 15 ga Yulin 2015, amma matsalar biza ta hana su shiga atisayen da ƙungiyar ta yi a Faransa da Italiya inda ƙungiyar ya halarci gasar gayyata da kuma wasannin sada zumunci.
Abin raɗaɗi, a daidai lokacin da kungiyar ke kammala atisaye a Italiya, jigon kungiyar, Ike Diogu ya samu rauni a tsokar maraƙi wanda a karshe ya hana shi shiga gasar.
Yayin da wasu masana harkar wasan ƙwallon kwando ke ganin hakan a matsayin koma baya kuma a zahiri sun kammala cewa burin Najeriya na zama zakaran nahiyar Afrika ya wargaje, Diogu da kansa ya ji ba daɗi, ya shaida wa abokan wasansa cewa mutum daya ne kawai a cikin sojoji 12 da za su je yaki, yana mai matsa musu lamba. a kan su cewa suna iya doke duk wani mai neman kambun.
Wani abin da ya sauya kungiyar shi ne rashin nasara a hannun kasar mai masaukin baki wato Tunisia a matakin rukuni. Shugaban NBBF, Umar ya shaida wa ’yan wasan da ke dakin kabad cewa sun yi rashin wani farkewa ne a kan su daure gindi su yi wasan kwallon kwando mafi kyau a rayuwarsu.
Daga nan ba su sake waiwaya ba yayin da suke daukar kowane wasa a cikin tafiyarsu har sai da suka hadu da ’yan uwansu na 2013, Senegal wacce suka aike da karin lokaci bayan wani wasa mai ban tsoro wanda ya sanya yawan jama’a a gefen kujerunsu.
Yanzu a wasan ƙarshe, 'yan wasan sun ƙara kora domin kawo karshen mulkin Angola, waɗanda tun da farko, a kan hanyar zuwa wasan ƙarshe, suka yi rashin nasara a hannun Senegal a matakin rukuni.
Da aka je wasan ƙarshe, Darakta-Janar na Hukumar Wasanni ta kasa (NSC), Mallam Al-Hassan Yakmut, ya tabbatar wa Shugaban NBBF, cewa Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, a madadin Shugaban Tarayyar Najeriya zai sanya kira zuwa ga tawagar don yi mata fatan alheri a madadin al'umma mai jiran gado.
Mintuna kaɗan kafin wasan tsalle-tsalle a wasan ƙarshe, kungiyar ta samu kira daga mataimakin shugaban kasa, Farfesa. Yemi Osinbajo, wanda ya shaida wa ‘yan wasan da su yi imani cewa za su iya hana Angola samun nasara a jere kuma su zama zakaran Afirka.
Da wannan sakon a bayan zuciyarsu, kamar damisa da gaske suke, suka shiga wasan, jajircewarsu na farko da 'yan Angolan suka yi, duk da haka, suka ja da baya, suna nuna maki bayan daya, wanda hakan ya sa zakarun da suka daɗe suna zama kamar na yau da kullun a cikin wasan har sai da Daga ƙarshe an sauke su da ci tara da ci 74–65 da Najeriya ta samu. Na farko a tarihin gasar zakarun Turai da tikitin Olympics a cikin kitty.
Sun yi babban aiki, inda suka doke 'yan Angolan da suka firgita tare da samun tikitin bayan gasar Olympics. Sauran jama’a da gwamnatin Nijeriya su yaba tare da ba da ladan wannan gagarumin abin tarihi.
Yarjejeniyar Tallafawa Hukumar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Najeriya (NBBF), ta bayyana Econnetmedia, mai kamfanin wasannin Kwese a matsayin sabon kambun ɗaukar nauyin gasar ƙwallon kwando ta maza. Tare da rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar a hukumance tare da bayyana masu daukar nauyin gasar, kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Men Premier wadda a da aka fi sani da DStv Premier Basketball League, za a kira kuma a san ta da 'Kwese Premier Basketball League,
Tsohon shugaban NBBF, Tijjani Umar ne ya bayyana haka a wani taron manema labarai a Abuja domin bayyana sunan sabon mai ɗaukar nauyin gasar.
Umar ya ce yarjejeniyar ɗaukar nauyin dala miliyan 12 na tsawon shekaru biyar (2017-2021) akan kuɗin lasisin dala miliyan 2.2 a duk kakar wasannin NBBF da suka hada da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta maza.
Yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 2.2 a kowace kakar tana girma fiye da yarjejeniyar shekaru hudu da ta gabata da DSTV wanda ya kai dala miliyan 1.5 kacal na tsawon shekaru huɗu.
Tsohon shugaban ƙasar ya ƙara da cewa hakkin yada labarai na musamman na ƙungiyar kwallon kwando ta Kwese, ciki har da gasar shekarar 2017 da ta tashi a Legas mallakin tashar wasanni ta Kwese. A watan Afrilun 2018, Ahmadu Musa Kida ya jagoranci NBBF ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar daukar nauyin Naira miliyan 60 a gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Najeriya Division 1 da 2 tare da Total Nigeria Limited.
Zakarun Gasar Mata na Afrobasket 2017 Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Najeriya ta D'tigress ta samu lambar yabo ta FIBA 2017 ta Afrobasket bayan ta doke Senegal a wasan karshe.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Nigeria AfricaBasket.com FIBA.com
Gidan Yanar Gizon Kwando na AUN
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
6147 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise%20Pascal | Blaise Pascal | Blaise Pascal Faransanci: [blɛz paskal]; 19 June 1623 19 August 1662) masanin lissafi ne dan kasar Faransa, masanin physics, mai kirkira, masanin Falsafa, kuma marubucin katolika. Pascal ya kasance yana bincike mai ma'ana tuna yana kasa da shekaru 10 wanda mahaifinsa ya koyar da shi, wani jami'in haraji dan kasar Rouen. Aikinsa na farko farko akan lissafi shine conic sections. Yayi rubutu masu tasiri sosai akan darasin projective geometry a lokacin yana da shekaru 16. Daga nan yayi aiki tare da Pierre de Fermat akan probability theory. Wanda yayi tasiri sosai a wajen bunkasa tattalin arziki na zamani da kuma Kimiyyar zamantakewa. Acikin shekarar 1642, ya fara aiki akan wasu na'urorin lissafi (wanda ake kira da Pascal's calculators sannan daga baya Pascalines), hakan ya sanya shi ya zama daya daga cikin mutum biyu da suka fara kirkirar Nau'rar Lissafi.
Kamar dai René Descartes, shima Pascal na daga cikin wanda suka fara bunkasa kimiyyar natural and applied sciences. Pascal yayi rubutu sosai akan Salon Kimiyya (scientific method) kuma rubuta jayayya da dama akan hakan. Ya bada gudummawa sosai a wajen nazarin fluids (kaman ruwa, iska da dai sauransu), kuma yayi karin haske game da nazarin Pressure da kuma Vacuum ta hanyar tattara ayyukan Evangelista Torricelli. Shima ya goyi bayan Torricelli da Galileo Galilei kuma ya musunta aikin Aristotle da Descartes wanda suka ce, cewa duniya bata dauke da vacuum a shekarar 1647. A cikin shekara ta 1646, an bayyana shi da kanwansa Jacqueline a matsayin mabiya tafarkin katolika wanda aka fi sani da Jansenism. Bayan hikimar da ya samu ta hanyar addini a karshen shekarar 1654, ya fara rubuta ayyuka masu tasiri ta fuskar falsafa da fiqhu. Ayyukansa guda biyu da suka yi fice a wancan lokacin: Lettres provinciales da kuma Pensées, na farkon ya ta'allaka ne akan rikici tsakanin Jansenists da Jesuits. Pascal yayi fama da laulayi na rashin lafiya, musamman tun daga bayan shekaru 18; ya mutu bayan watanni biyu kacal bayan bikin murnan zagayowar ranan haihuwarsa shekara 39.
Rayuwarsa
Kuruciya da ilimi An haifi Pascal a Clermont-Ferrand, wanda ke yankin Auvergne Faransa, aMassif ta Tsakiya. Mahaifiyarsa ta rasu a lokacin yana da shekaru uku. Mahaifinsa Étienne Pascal (1588–1651), wanda shima yana sha'awar kimiyya da lissafi, ya kasance alkalin kauye kuma memba na "Noblesse de Robe". Pascal na da kannai mata guda biyu, karamar Jacqueline da kuma babbar Françoise Gilberte Périer. A cikin shekarar 1631, shekaru biyar bayan mutuwar matarsa, Étienne Pascal ya koma Paris da 'ya'yansa. Da isarsu, sai suka dauki 'yar aiki Louise Delfault wacce daga bisani ta zama muhimmiyar memba na iyalin. Étienne, wanda bai sake kara yin wani auren ba, ya bayar da sauran rayuwarsa wajen kula da 'ya'yansa wanda sun nuna bajinta sosai, musamman dansa namiji Blaise. Dan nasa ya nuna gwaninta sosai a fannin lissafi da kimiyya.
Barin Faransa A kasar Faransa, ana siya ana saida ayyuka da mukamai a lokacin. Étienne ya sayar da mukaminsa akan kudi 65,665 Livres. An biya kudin wajen samun alaka da gwamnati, wanda aka biya a wadace don ba wa iyalin na Pascal daman komawa da zama na jin dadi a birnin Paris. Amma a shekarar 1638, Richelieu, don bukatar kudin gudanar da Yakin Shekaru Talatin, ya saba wannan alkwarin na gwamnati, sannan arzikin Étienne Pascal ya fai warwas daga 66,000 livres zuwa 7,300.
Kamar dai mutane da dama, an tilasta wa Etiene shima barin kasar Faris, a dalilin sabbin ka'idojin haraji na gwamnatin Cardinal Richelieu, inda ya bar 'ya'yan shi a karkashin kulawar makwabciyarsa Madame Sainctot, wata kyakyawa kuma sananniyar mace, wanda take da shagon saloon na musamman a kasar gabaki daya kasar Faransa. Sai dai ta dalilin wani taka rawa da 'yarsa Jacqueline tayi a wajen wani taro da Richelieu ya halarta sannan aka yafe wa Étienne. Étienne ya dawo tare da kyakkyawar aminci daga gwamnatin Cardinal sannan a shekarar 1639 aka nada shi kwamishinan sarki na haraji a birnin Rouen—birnin da harkokin haraji ke cikin cakwakiya kafin nadin nashi.
Nau'rar Pascaline A shekarar 1642, don yunkurin ragewa mahaifinsa tarin ayyukan lissafi masu gajiyarwa, da sake lissafe-lissafe, na haraji dake shiga da wanda ke fita (a yayinda Pascal karami shima an dauke shi aiki), Pascal, dan kasa da shekaru 19, ya kirkiri na'urar lissafi wanda ke iya tarawa da ragewa, wanda ake kira da Pascal's calculator ko kuma Pascaline. Daga cikin na'urorin pascaline guda takwas da suka tsira, hudu na nan a ajiye a gidan tarihin Musée des Arts et Métiers a Paris, sai guda daya a gidan tarihin Zwinger museum dake a Dresden, Gemany, sai kuma wasu guda biyu da ake nuni dasu.
Lissafi
Probability Bunkasa lissafin probability theory da Pascal yayi shine gudummawansa mafi tasiri ga lissafi. Ainihi ya fara samar da iya ne don karta, a yau tana da muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki, kimiyyar lissafi "actuarial science" da kuma ga mutane da kungiyoyi don kintatar abun da zai faru nan gaba. Duk da haka, Pascal da Fermat duk da cewa su suka fara muhimmin ayyuka da probability theory, amma basu bunkasa fannin yayi zurfi ba. Christiaan Huygens bayan ya koya daga Pascal da Fermat ya rubuta littafi na farko akan darasin. Daga nan, magabata daban daban sun cigaba da bunkasa wannan ilimi, irinsu Abraham de Moivre da Pierre-Simon Laplace. A shekarar 1654, bayan abokinsa Chevalier de Méré ya tuntube shi, ya hada kai da abokinsa Pierre de Fermat akan matsalar karta, sannan daga wannan hadin kai ya jawo bunkasar dokokin lissafin probability. Asalin matsalar itace, wasu 'yan wasan karta su biyu suna so su gama wasan da wuri, a yanayin yadda wasan ya kama, suna so su raba wasan dai dai a tsakanisu, dangane da dama da kowanne daga cikinsu yake dashi wajen lashe wasan daga wannan kasafin. Daga wannan muhawara ne aka samar da mas'alar abubuwan da ake tsammani expected value. Daga bisani (a Pensées), Pascal yayi amfani da gardama ta probability ta Pascal's wager a wajen tabbatar da wanzuwar Ubangiji da kuma nagartacciyar rayuwa. Ayyukan da Fermat da Pascal sukayi akan lissafin calculus na probability, ya samar da muhimmiyar matashiya da aikin Leibniz wajen samar da lissafin calculus.
Rubuce-rubuncensa akan Alwatikan Lissafi Arithmetical Triangle
Littafin Pacal mai suna Traité du triangle arithmétique, an rubuta shi ne a shekarar 1654, amma sai bayan mutuwarsa aka wallafa a shekarar 1665, yana nuna tsarin binomial coefficients a jere, wanda yake kira da alwatikan lissafi (arithmetical triangle).
Teburin shine kamar haka:
Ya kira lambobi acikin alwatikan da recursion. Ya kira lambobin kamar haka (m 1)th row da kuma (n 1)th column tmn. Sannan kuma tmn tm–1,n tm,n–1, for m 0, 1, 2, da kuma n 0, 1, 2, Ka'idojin iyakokinsu shine tm,−1 0, t−1,n 0 for m 1, 2, 3, da kuma n 1, 2, 3, Mai jawo sila 00 1. Pascal ya karkare da hujja,
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43464 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alla%20Zahaikevych | Alla Zahaikevych | Alla Zahaikevych Ukraine an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1966) ɗan ƙasar Ukraine kuma mawaki na kiɗan gargajiya na zamani, ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo, mai shirya ayyukan kiɗan electroacoustic, masaniyar kiɗan. Ana rubuta sunanta da Alla Zagaykevych a duk wakokinta da kuma turamci.
Tarihin Rayuwa An haifi Alla Zahaikevych a Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine A shekara ta 1990 ta kammala karatunta daga Kyiv Conservatory (yanzu National Music Academy of Ukraine), ina mawakin kasar Ukraine ta koyar da ita. A tsakanin shekarar 1993 1994 ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin waka tare da Ischenko sannan da kuma ka'idojin kiɗa tare da I. P'jaskovsky. A tsakanjn 1995 zuwa 1996 ta karanci abun da ke ciki da bayanan kida a IRCAM in Paris. Daga shekara ta 1986 zuwa 1999 ta kasance memba a rukunin tarihin "Drevo" na National Music Academy of Ukraine, a karkashin darektan Ye.Yefremov, ta binciki ingantacciyar waƙar Ukrainian kuma ta shiga balaguro, tarurruka, da bukukuwa.
Zaɓaɓɓun wakokinta Contre S (dedié à Guy Debord) na Kontra-Trio (cb-flute, cb-saxofon, tuba) ƙara kayan lantarki (2011)
Mita IV KS sadaukarwa ga Karol Symanowski) don violin da lantarki (2011)
Blick der Verliebten (don ensemble recherche don masu wasan kwaikwayo 8 (2010)
Cantos: Tsibiri don 3 cello soli da kirtani 15 (2010)
Cascades don piano (2009)
GO don sheng, erhu, percussion da rikodin lantarki (2009)
Zauren quartet don violin 2, viola da cello (2009)
By the Undergroung River don sarewa, clarinet, oboe, piano, violin, cello (2008)
Venezia don cello da lantarki (2008)
Tercet don clarinet, violin da cello (2007)
Luceo don piano (2007)
Concerto na Cello da Orchestra (2007)
Bayyanawa ga violin da rikodin lantarki (2006)
Laborinthus Exitus don clarinet da rikodin lantarki (2005)
Makanikan iska don sarewa, clarinet, perc., piano, violin da cello (2005)
Vent, pierres, fleurs… don accordion (2004)
Ecce Juventa Anni zuwa rubutu ta Grygoriy Skovoroda don soprano, mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa (2004)
Pagode don masu rikodin da rikodin lantarki (2003)
"Hanya zuwa Babban Kogi" akan rubutun O.Lysheha (a Turanci) don soprano da 8 kayan aiki (fl, ob, cl, prc, p, vn, vl, vc) (2002)
"Heroneya" don violin, cello, bassoon, piano, rikodin lantarki (2002)
"Gravitation" na 2 cellos (2001)
"Choven" akan ayoyin Mykola Vorobjov (a cikin Ukrainian) don soprano, mezzo-soprano da baritone (1999), (sigar kayan aiki: "Choven", 2000)
"Chemins des Ombres" na trombone, percussion da contrabass (1998)
"Interlude" don sarewa, clarinet, bassoon, ƙaho, trombone, percussion, piano, violin, alto, cello, bass biyu (1998)
"Mar-X-Nevidomist" don soprano da piano (1997)
"Lambobi da Iska" ("Zane ta Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa") ɗakin wasan opera akan ayoyi na Mykola Vorobjov (a cikin Ukrainian) muryoyin 3, fl, cl, fg, cr, tn, prc 2, p, vn, vl, vc, cb (1992-1997)
"Ausgesetzt auf den Bergen des Herzens..." akan ayoyin Rainer Maria Rilke (a cikin Jamusanci) na soprano da orchestra (1996)
"Et dans un dogon yawon shakatawa j'entrerai dedans l'etang celeste" akan waka ta Oleh Lysheha don bassoon, bass biyu, clarinet/bass clarinet, lantarki (1996)
"Musique Aveugle" don piano da ƙungiyar makaɗa (1995)
"Sans l'Eloignement de la Terre" don violin, accordion da guitar (1994)
"Intermezzo" don kade-kade na kade-kade (1993)
"Trio" don violin, cello da piano (1991)
"Symphony" a kan shayari na Vladimir Mayakovsky (a cikin Rasha) don baritone da kade-kade (1990)
Ayyukan Electroacoustic da ayyukan multimedia "Musique naïve" sadaukar da kai ga CAT trio) yi don accordion, gitare, theremin da lantarki (2011)
"Rayuwa azaman Kiɗa" haɓakawa a cikin ainihin lokacin abun da ke ciki don Oboe, Clarinet a cikin B, Alto Saxophon, Percussion da Contrebasse (2011)
"Raven", kida don wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji wanda Yara Arts Group (New York) ya kirkira ta hanyar waƙar Oleh Lysheha (2011)
"Contre S (dedié à Guy Debord)" aikin lantarki na Electroacoustic's Ensemble (2010)
Ayyukan lantarki na "Nord/Ouest" don muryoyin jama'a, violin, sarewa, kaɗa da kayan lantarki (na Ƙungiyar Electroacoustic) (2010)
"Yayinda Faɗuwar Barci: Don Tashi.. Yayin Yawo Up: Don Submerge Shigarwa na lantarki a cikin raƙuman ruwa guda huɗu don aikin "MAVKA" (2009)
"Sud/Est" aikin lantarki na Electroacoustic's Ensemble, (bidiyo Vadim Jovich) (2009)
"Venezia Vision" electroacoustic yi don cello da lantarki, (bidiyo Vadim Jovich), (2008)
Kiɗa don fim "Illusion of Existence" (2004)
"Lokaci a cikin Dandalin" kiɗan lantarki don shigarwa na gani da sauti (2004)
Music for film "MAMAY" (2003)
"Don tserewa, don Numfasawa, Don Ci gaba da Shuru" kiɗan lantarki don shigarwa na gani da sauti (2002)
"Cosi Fan Tutte", kiɗan lantarki don shigarwa na gani da sauti (bidiyo: O.Plysjuk) (2000)
Wakoki "Motus" (2005)
"Don Gudu, Don Numfasawa, Don Yin Shiru" (2006)
"Mavka ko Ukraine har yanzu ba su mutu ba" (2009)
"Nord Ouest" (Alla Zagaykevych Electroacoustic's Ensemble) 2012
"Sirrin Sha Uku Mix 067" Sarunas Nakas Alla Zagaykevych) 2013
"Filayen Hargitsi" Julian Kytasty da Alla Zagaykevych) 2017
Manazarta
Tushen labari
Kara karantawa Skrypnyk, G., ed. (2008). [Zagaykevich, Alla Leonidivna] (PDF). Encyclopedia of the Music of Ukraine (in Ukrainian). Vol. 2. Kyiv: Publishing House of the Institute of Art History, Folklore and Ethnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. p. 107.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Alla Zagaykevych in Livejournal
Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1966
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
19537 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubayr%20ibn%20al-Awam | Zubayr ibn al-Awam | Az-Zubair dan Al-Awam 594–656) dan'uwa ne kuma aboki ga Annabin Musulunci Muhammadu (S.A.W) kuma yana Daya daga cikin farkon wayanda suka musulunta.Shima yana daga cikin sahabbai goma da Annabin tsira yayi musu bushara da aljannah.Ya zama Daya daga cikin jagororin siyasa da soja na al'umma bayan mutuwar Muhammad. Az-Zubayr ya mutu a Yakin Rakumi.
Iyali da yarinta An haifi Al-Zubayr a garin Makka a shekarar 594. Mahaifinsa shi ne Al-Awam bn Khuwaylid na dangin Asad na kabilar Kuraishawa, yana mai da Al-Zubayr dan'uwan Khadijah Mahaifiyarsa ita ce kanwar Annabi Muhammad (S A W), Safiyyah bint 'Abd al-Muttalib, saboda haka Al-Zubayr shine dan uwan Muhammad na farko. Yana da yaya biyu, Sa'ib da Abdul Kaaba; wani dan uwa, Safi ibn Al-Harith, wanda ya fito daga dangin Umayya; da wasu kannen uba, ciki har da Hind bint Al-Awwam, matar Zayd ibn Haritha Tun yana saurayi, Al-Zubayr ya yi yaƙi da wani babban mutum kuma ya buge shi da ƙarfi sosai har sai da hannun mutumin ya karye. Safiyyah, wacce ke da ciki a lokacin, dole ta dauki mutumin zuwa gida. Lokacin da masu wucewa suka tambayi abin da ya faru, sai ta ce musu, “Ya yi yaƙi da Al-Zubayr. Shin kun sami Al-Zubayr mai taushi kamar cuku ko dabino ko cike da tagulla? Hakan ne lokacin da suka san cewa zai girma ya zama mai ƙarfi yayin yaƙi. Al-Awam ya mutu tun Al-Zubayr yana saurayi. Mahaifiyarsa ta sha duka sosai. A lokacin da aka ce mata, “Kun kashe shi! Kun buge zuciyarsa. Shin za ku halakar da yaron? "Ta amsa," Na buge shi don ya zama mai hankali kuma ya kasance mai ƙarfin gwiwa a cikin yaƙin An bayyana Al-Zubayr da matsakaiciyar tsayi, siriri, mai launi-launi, da gashi, duk da siririn gemu. Gashin kansa ya rataya zuwa kafaɗunsa, kuma bai shafa shi ba bayan ya zama fari.
Musulunta Al-Zubayr ya kasance ɗayan mutane biyar na farko da suka karɓi Musulunci daga Abubakar, kuma an ce shi ne na huɗu ko na biyar manya da suka musulunta. Yana daga cikin farkon mutum goma sha biyar da suka yi hijira zuwa Abisiniya a shekara ta 615, kuma ya koma can a cikin 616. Yayin da yake cikin Abisiniya, tawaye ga Negus (Sarki) ya ɓarke. Negus ya sadu da 'yan tawaye a gabar Kogin Nilu. Musulmai, cikin tsananin damuwa game da rasa mai kare su, sun wakilta Al-Zubayr ya zama mai kawo musu labarai. Taimakon wani farin ruwa mai iska, ya yi iyo a Kogin Nilu har sai da ya kai ga inda ake yaƙi. Ya kalli har sai da Negus ya ci nasara akan 'yan tawaye, sannan ya sake iyo ya koma kan musulmai. Ya tashi sama yana daga tufafinsa ya sanar, "Hurray, Negus ya ci nasara kuma Allah ya ruguza maƙiyansa kuma ya tabbatar da shi a ƙasarsa!" Musulmi suka yi murna. Al-Zubayr yana cikin wadanda suka koma Makka a shekara ta 619 saboda sun ji cewa mutanen Makka sun musulunta. "Amma da suka kusanci Makka, sai suka gano cewa rahoton karya ne don haka suka shiga garin karkashin kariyar wani dan kasa ko ta hanyar sata." Duk da haka, Al-Zubayr bai ambaci sunan mai tsaron nasa ba.
Al-Zubayr ya shiga cikin ƙaura baki ɗaya zuwa Madina a cikin 622. Da farko ya sauka tare da Al-Mundhir bn Muhammad. Ana takaddama game da wanda ya zama “dan’uwan” Al-Zubayr a Musulunci: hadisai daban-daban masu suna Abdullah ibn Masood, Talha bin Ubaydullah, Kaab bin Malik da Salama ibn Salama. Muhammad ya ba shi babban fili don ya gina gidansa da kuma tallafin wasu itacen dabino. A 625 an sake ba Al-Zubayr ƙarin dabinai daga ƙasar ƙabilar Nadir da aka kora. Ayyukan soja karkashin Muhammad (S A W) An ce Al-Zubayr ya haɗu da dukkan balaguron soja na Muhammad, galibi sanye da rawani mai launin rawaya.
An ruwaito shi ya ce:"Wallahi, Manzon Allah bai yi wata tafiya ba ko wani balaguro face na kasance daga gare ta."
Badar A Yaƙin Badar an aike shi a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri kuma ya kama ɗan leƙen asirin Makka. Sannan ya shiga yakin ya kashe Ubayda bn Sa'id na Umayya. Yana sanye da rawani mai launin rawaya a wannan yaƙin.
Uhudu A yakin Uhud ya ba da kansa ya dauki takobin Muhammad "da damarta," wanda shi ne "ya buge abokan gaba da shi har sai ya lankwasa," kuma ya kasance "mai matukar rauni" lokacin da Muhammad ya ki amincewa da tayin nasa. Yana tsaye kusa da matan Makka mai guduwa har ya ga duwawun Hind bint Utbah Amma a wannan lokacin ne yaƙin ya juya; Al-Zubayr yana daya daga cikin dinbin mutanen da suka tsaya a gefen Muhammad lokacin da musulmai daga nasu biyun suka tsere kuma suka bi shi zuwa gawar. "Ya kasance tare da shi a yakin Uhudu kuma ya yi masa bai'a har zuwa mutuwa."
Mahararen A yayin yakin yakin mahara, Al-Zubayr ya hau dokin Ya ba da kansa don ya kawo labarin ƙabilar Qurayza ga Muhammad, wanda ya amsa, "Kowane Annabi yana da almajiri, kuma almajiri na shi ne Al-Zubayr." Khaybara A cikin 628 Al-Zubayr ya shiga cikin balaguron zuwa Khaybar kuma ya amsa wa Yasir kalubalen Bayahude game da faɗa ɗaya. Mahaifiyarsa Safiya ta tambayi Muhammad, "Shin zai kashe ɗana?" kuma Muhammad ya tabbatar mata, "A'a, dan ku zai kashe shi, insha Allah." Al-Zubayr ya inganta yana karantawa:"Khaybar, know that I am Zabbar,
chief of a people no cowardly runaways,
the son of those who defends their glory,
the son of princes.
O Yasir let not all the unbelievers deceive you,
for all of them are like a slowly moving mirage."Sun gwabza, kuma Al-Zubayr ya kashe Yasir. Bayan haka, musulmai sun yi bayani a kan yadda takobi ya kasance mai kaifi; Al-Zubayr ya amsa da cewa ba ta yi kaifi ba amma ya yi amfani da ita da karfi. Bayan da musulmai suka ci Al-Qamus, sai aka kawo baitul malin nan, Kinana, ga Muhammad, amma ya ki bayyana inda aka boye kudadensu. Koda yake, daga baya Muhammad bn Maslama ya yanke kan Kinana, don ramuwar gayya ga dan uwansa Mahmud, wanda aka kashe a yaƙin kwanakin baya. Daga baya an sanya Al-Zubayr daga cikin mashahurai goma sha takwas waɗanda kowannensu ke kula da rabon wani rukunin ganima.
Makkah A watan Disamba na 629, a jajibirin cin nasarar Makka, Muhammad ya aika Al-Zubayr da Ali don su tare wani dan leken asiri wanda ke dauke da wasika zuwa ga Kuraishawa. Lokacin da suka kasa samun wasikar a cikin kayanta, sai suka fahimci cewa tabbas ta ɓoye ta ne a kan nata, sai suka yi mata magana a kai. Daga nan dan leken asirin ya fito da wasikar,wacce ta boye a cikin gashinta,sai Al-Zubayr da Ali suka dawo da ita ga Muhammad, suna da yakinin cewa yanzu Musulmai za su kwace Makka da mamaki. Lokacin da Muhammad ya shiga Makka, Al-Zubayr ya riƙe ɗayan tutocin ƙaura uku na Muhajirai kuma ya umurci reshen hagu na sojojin da suka ci yaƙi. Ya kuma yi yaƙin Hunayn Aiki bayan Muhammad A cikin sati na uku na watan yuli na shekara ta 632, halifa Abubakar ya tara runduna galibi daga Banu Hashim (dangin Muhammad) don kare Madina daga mamayar da ridda ta yi daga sojojin ridda na Tulayha, wanda ya ce shi annabi ne. Rundunar ta hada da manyan mutane kamar Zubayr da Talha bn Ubaidullah. An nada kowannensu a matsayin kwamandan kashi daya bisa uku na sabuwar rundunar da aka tsara. Suna da rawar da suka taka yayin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Ridda duk da haka, ba su fuskanci wani yanayin faɗa ba.
Al-Zubayr shi ne kwamandan filin da ya fi samun nasara a lokacin da Musulmai suka ci Masar da yaki a karkashin Khalifa Umar Ya yi umurni da runduna a yakin Yarmouk a shekara ta 636, sannan a 640 ya ba da umarnin karfafa wadanda aka aika zuwa Amr bn al-As a Misira Lokacin da Umar yake mutuwa a shekara ta 644, ya zabi Al-Zubayr da wasu mutane biyar don su zabi Khalifa na gaba. Sun zabi Uthman yadda ya kamata, a lokacin halifancin wane. Al-Zubayr ya kasance mai taka tsantsan dangane da kawo hadisai game da Muhammad duk da cewa ya kasance yana cikin kamfaninsa koyaushe. Kamar yadda ya bayyana wa dansa Abdullahi, "Na ji Manzon Allah (S A W) yana cewa: Duk wanda ya yi karya a kaina to ya tanadi ymazauni a cikin Wuta"
Matan sa da yara Al-Zubayr ya yi aure har sau takwas kuma ya sami yara ashirin. Asma bint Abi Bakr Sun yi aure kafin Hijira ta 622 kuma sun sake aure lokacin da Urwa ke ƙarami, watau a kusan 645. Abdullah
Al-Mundhir
Asim
Al-Muhajir
Khadija Babba
Umm Al-Hasan
Aisha
Urwa
Ummu Kulthum bint Uqba ta dangin Umayya. Sun yi aure a 629, amma "ta ƙi shi," kuma an sake su cikin 'yan watanni. Bayan haihuwar 'yarsu, Ummu Kulthum ta auri Abdur Rahman bin Awf Zainab
Al-Halal bint Qays na kabilar Asad.
Khadija Karami
Umm Khalid Ama bint Khalid daga dangin Umayya. Tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙaura waɗanda suka dawo daga Abaisiniya a shekara ta 628. Khalid
Amr
Habiba
Sawda
Hind
Ar-Rabbab bint Unayf na kabilar Kalb.
Mus'ab
Hamza
Ramla
Tumadir bint Al-Asbagh na kabilar Kalb, bazawara ce ga Abdur Rahman bn Awf. Al-Zubayr ya sake ta ne kwana bakwai kacal da yin auren. Ta kasance tana gaya wa wasu matan cewa, "Idan dayanku ya yi aure, kada ya yaudare ta da kwana bakwai bayan abin da Zubairu ya yi mini." Ba ta, fadada kan yanayin "yaudarar" ba.
Ummu Ja'far Zainab bint Marthad ta ƙabilar Thaalaba.
Ubayda
Ja'far
Atiqa bint Zayd daga dangin Adi, bazawara ga Omar Mutanen Madina sun kasance suna cewa:"Duk wanda yake son shahada to ya auri Atiqa bint Zayd An fara auren ta ga Abdullahi bn Abi Bakr kuma ya yi shahada. Bayan haka, ta auri Umar bn Khattab kuma ya yi shahada. Bayan haka, ta auri Zubair kuma ya yi shahada Matan Al-Zubayr sun yi korafin cewa yana da "wani tsauri game da mata". Ummu Kulthum ta tambaye shi kai tsaye don saki, lokacin da ya ƙi, sai ta yaudare shi a ciki ta hanyar yin lalata da shi yayin da yake cikin hidimar wankan janaba ga sallah. Al-Zubayr ya koka da cewa, "Ta yaudare ni, Allah Ya yi mata wayo!" Muhammad ya shawarce shi da ya sake neman aurenta, amma Al-Zubayr ya fahimci cewa, "Ba za ta sake dawowa wurina ba." Atiqa kawai ta yarda ta aure shi ne da sharadin bazai taɓa doke ta ba.
Yaƙin Rakumi An kashe Uthman a cikin 656. Al-Zubayr yana da dalilin fatan cewa za a zaɓe shi a matsayin Kalifa na gaba, duk da cewa ya san cewa tsohon abokinsa Talha shi ma mai ƙarfi ne. Amma an zabi Ali, zuwa muhawarar matar Muhammadu mai takaba Aisha Daga nan Al-Zubayr ya hadu da Aisha da Talha a Makka, suna masu cewa ya yi wa Ali mubaya'a ne kawai da takobi. Al-Zubayr, Talha da Aisha sun yi kira da a rama mutuwar Uthman, yayin da Ali ya yarda, ya ce shi bai iya yin haka ba a lokacin. Daga nan kawayen suka tattara sojoji suka yi tattaki zuwa Basra A cikin Basrah kuwa, sun kayar da Gwamna kuma sun mamaye garin, suna kashe duk wanda aka samu da hannu a kisan Uthman. Lokacin da aka kalubalance su kan dalilin da yasa yanzu suka damu da Uthman alhalin sun nuna masa kiyayya sosai a lokacin rayuwarsa, sai suka ce: "Mun so Uthman ya biya mana bukatunmu. Ba mu so a kashe shi. Haƙiƙa Ali yayi kama da mutumin da yake zargin ƙiyayya ga kansa, don ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga Basra tare da ƙwararrun sojoji dubu ashirin. Tsawon kwanaki, ana tattaunawa, saboda bangarorin biyu sun tabbatar da cewa suna so ne kawai su ga an yi adalci. Amma a ranar 7 ga Disamba 656 tashin hankali ya barke. Mayakan A’isha sun kashe dan sakon Ali, kuma Ali ya ba shi amsa, "Yaƙi yanzu ya dace, don haka ku yaƙi su!" Don haka
Al-Zubayr kuwa, ya rasa sha'awar yin yaƙin. Ya ce Ali ya yi magana da shi a waje yayin tattaunawar kan cewa su 'yan uwan juna ne, amma dan nasa ya zarge shi da tsoron sojojin Ali. Al-Zubayr ya bar fagen daga yayin da A’isha ta ci gaba da jagorantar dakarunta. Wani mutum mai suna Amr bn Jurmuz ya yanke shawarar bin diddigin motsin sa kuma ya bi shi zuwa wani filin da ke kusa. Lokacin sallah yayi don haka, bayan kowannensu ya tambayi dan uwansa abin da yake yi a can, sai suka amince da yin addu'ar. Yayin da Al-Zubayr yake sujada, Amr bn Jurmuz ya soke shi a wuya ya kashe shi.
Wasiyya A cikin wasiyyarsa Al-Zubayr ya bar gida ga duk 'yan matansa da aka sake. Ya bar kashi ɗaya cikin uku na dukiyarsa a wasiyya kuma ya umurci ɗansa Abdullah da ya sayar da sauran dukiyarsa don biyan bashinsa, yana mai roƙon Allah idan ba za a iya biyan ɗaya ba. Abdullah ya gano cewa bashin sun kai 1,200,000, mai yiwuwa a cikin dirhami Kodayake Abdullah ya shiga wata matsala don warware dukkan basussukan, amma zawarawan Al-Zubayr su huɗu suka gaji 1,100,000 kowannensu, ya bar sama da 30,000,000 da za a raba tsakanin 'ya'yansa. Al-Zubayr bn Al-Awam yana daya daga cikin musulmai goma da Annabi Muhammad (S A W) ya lamunce musu da Aljanna tun suna raye.
Duba kuma Jerin hijra Muhammadu
Manazarta
duba littafin da Kuma Sahabbai |
15912 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chidinma | Chidinma | Chidinma Ekile (an haife ta 2 ga Mayu 1991), wanda aka fi sani da suna Chidinma, mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciyar waƙoƙi 'yar Najeriya. A cikin 2010, ta zama tauraruwa bayan ta zamo a mataki na uku a kaka'ar gasar Project Fame West Africa. Bayan fitowar faifan bidiyon wakar da aka yi mata "Emi Ni Baller", ta zama mace mawaƙiya ta farko da ta hau kan lamba 1 a kan MTV Base Official Naija Top 10. A shekarar 2011, ta fito da Sautin Sultan mai taken "Jankoliko". An fitar da kundin wakinta na farko mai suna Chidinma ta hanyar dandalin waka Spinlet an mara masa baya ne ta hanyar "Jankoliko", "Carry You Go", "Kedike" da "Run Dia Mouth". Kundin yana dauke da bayyanar bako daga Sound Sultan, Tha Suspect, Olamide da Muna Chidinma ta lashe kyautar mace mafi kyau a nahiyar Afirka ta Yamma a kyautar Kora ta 2012 kuma ta yi "Kedike" a wurin bikin.
Rayuwar farko, neman ilimi, da kuma bayyanar da jama'a An haifi Chidinma Ekile a garin Ketu, Kosofe, jihar Legas, ga iyayenta asalinsu daga jihar Imo Ita ce ta shida cikin yara bakwai. Chidinma ya girma tare da mahaifinsa mai horo kuma ya fara waka tun yana ɗan shekara shida. Lokacin da take shekara 10, ta shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙan cocin ta. Chidinma ta yi makarantar firamare da sakandare a Ketu kafin ta koma Ikorodu tare da iyalinta. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tallata kasuwanci a Legas kafin a sake dubawa a karo na uku na Kamfanin Fame na Yammacin Afirka Chidinma ya so ya karanci ilimin sadarwa amma ya kammala karatun digiri na jami'ar Legas Da farko dai Chidinma ta ki amincewa da shiga Jami’ar ta Legas ne saboda ci gaban da ta samu a fagen aikinta na Fame West Africa A wata hira da YNaija, ta ce koyaushe tana ɗaukar makaranta da mahimmanci kuma shawarar da ta yanke na shiga Unilag ba makawa. Ta kuma ce kiɗa ba koyaushe ke cikin ajandarta ba, amma ta yanke shawarar gwada shi bayan ta lashe gasar kiɗan. Bayan canza launin gashinta zuwa ja da samun mohawk, mutane sun fara tsinkayenta a matsayin yarinyar kirki ta lalace. A wata hira da aka yi da ita a shafin intanet na Daily Independent, Chidinma ta ce har yanzu tana irin wannan kuma tana ci gaba da bunkasa a matsayinta na mawaƙa.
Tashe da Waƙoƙin ta
Sunan Ayyuka Kafin ta fitar da kundin ta mai suna Project Fame West Africa, tayi mafarkin kasancewa wani ɓangare na shirin talabijin na gaskiya. Tare da taimako da goyon baya daga ƙawayenta na kusa, Chidinma ta bar gidanta a Ikorodu ta tafi Ultima Studios. Tana daga cikin 'yan takara dubu takwas da suka je waccan shekarar don baje kolin baiwarsu. Daga baya, Chidinma ya bi sahun sauran 'yan takara 17 a gasar Kwalejin Fame. Makonni 10, Chidinma da sauran masu gasa sun kasance masu horarwa ta ƙwararrun masu kiɗa: masu ba da horo na murya, masu magana mai motsawa, ƙwararrun mawaƙa, da masu ba da sabis na kasuwancin kiɗa. Bugu da ƙari, an koya wa masu hamayya wasan kwaikwayo da kuma motsa jiki da yawa. An sanar da Chidinma a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2010. Ta ci kyaututtuka da dama, da suka hada da fam miliyan 2.5, da Toyota RAV4 ta 2011, da kuma yarjejeniyar samarwa. A watan Mayun 2013, Chidinma ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar amincewa da MTN Najeriya.
2011–2012: Chidinma Chidinma ta fara aiki a faifan fim dinta na farko mai suna Chidinma bayan ta saki wani aikin haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran masu wasan karshe na 3. An shirya kundin don saki a cikin kwata na huɗu na 2011. Chidinma tayi magana game da kundin a taƙaice kuma ta ce ta sanya makamashi mai yawa a ciki. Ta yi aiki tare da furodusoshi da dama, ciki har da Cobhams Asuquo, Tee-Y Mix, WazBeat da Oscar Heman Ackah. Ta fito da sautin mai taimakon Sound Sultan "Jankoliko" da "Carry You Go" a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2011. Dukkanin waƙoƙin an rubuta su kuma sun fito daga Oscar Heman Ackah. A wata hira da aka sanya a shafin intanet na Weekly Trust, Chidinma ta ce ta yi farin ciki da kyakkyawar martanin da ta samu bayan fitar wakokin, kuma tana aiki tukuru don inganta aikinta. A ranar 4 ga Yuni 2011, Chidinma ya saki fim ɗin kiɗa na Clarence Peters na "Jankoliko". A 11 ga Oktoba 2011, ta fito da "Kedike" a matsayin waƙoƙin ta uku. An fassara waƙar zuwa "Zuciya" kuma Cobhams Asuquo ne ya samar da ita. A wata hira da tayi da Rave na Nishadi, Chidinma ta bayyana cewa ita da wadanda suka shirya ta sun kirkiri sunan wakar sannan kuma ta kara da cewa tana nuna soyayya. An saki bidiyon kiɗan da aka ba da umarnin Clarance Peters don "Kedike" a ranar 24 ga Janairu 2012. Mawakiyar Najeriya Dammy Krane ta nuna sha'awar Chidinma a bidiyon. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2011, ita ma ta fitar da waƙoƙin na hudu mai taken "Run Dia Mouth".
2013–2014: Sakewa tsaye A ranar 14 ga Satumbar 2012, ta fito da Illbliss da Tha wacce ake zargi da taimakawa mai suna "Emi Ni Baller". Legendury Beatz ce ta shirya waƙar. Yana peaked a yawan 7 a kan Vanguard jerin cikin Top 10 songs cewa sanya 2013. An sake buga remix na hukuma na "Emi Ni Baller" a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2013. Yana dauke da sauti daga Wizkid kuma shima Legendury Beatz ce ta kirkireshi. Capital Dreams Hotuna sun fitar da bidiyon kiɗa don "Emi Ni Baller" a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2013. An harbe shi kuma ya ba da umarni a Burtaniya ta hanyar Clarence Peters. A ranar 10 ga Yuni 2013, Chidinma ya fitar da waƙoƙi guda uku: "Ka albarkaci Hustle na", "Kite" da "Jolly", samarwa daga Tha Suspect, Del B da Wizzboy suka shirya. A ranar 14 ga Satumbar 2013, Chidinma ya fitar da "Oh Baby". An sake fitar da remis ɗinsa a ranar 29 ga Janairun 2014 kuma yana ɗauke da sauti daga Flavour N'abania Young D. ne ya samar da duka waƙoƙin biyu a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2014, Chidinma ya fitar da bidiyon kiɗan "Oh Baby (Kai I)". Clarence Peters ne ya jagoranta tare da tauraruwar Ngozi Nwosu da OC Ukeje Ɗaya daga cikin fitowar Chidinma na kwanan nan shine "Fallen In Love" wanda aka sake shi a cikin 2017. Yana bidiyo a halin yanzu yana da ra'ayoyi miliyan 77 akan YouTube Fitattun wasanni Chidinma tayi tare da Dr SID a MTN Power of 10 Concerts, yawon shakatawa a birane goma wanda yayi bikin MTN na Najeriya shekaru goma; yawon shakatawa ya fara a Makurdi a ranar 9 ga Satumba 2011. Chidinma yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan tallafi akan 2013 Hennessy Artistry Club Tour wanda D'banj ya rubuta A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 2013, ta yi waka a Guinness World of More Concert tare da P-Square, D'banj, Wizkid, Ice Prince, Burna Boy, Olamide, Phyno, Waje, Davido da Tiwa Savage A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 2013, Chidinma ya yi waka tare da Blackstreet a kwarewar Maraice ta Butterscotch, waƙar da aka yi a Eko Hotels da Suites. A 14 ga Fabrairu 2014, ta yi waka a MTN Valentine Rave Party, tare da Tiwa Savage, Mario da kuma Sound Sultan Chidinma ya yi rawar gani a kasashe da dama a Afirka, ciki har da Jamhuriyar Benin, Saliyo, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Nijar da Ghana.
Ayyukan da tashen ta
Chindinma ta fara wasan kwaikwayo ne a cikin fim ɗin 2017, The Bridge (2017 movie) wanda Kunle Afolayan ya shirya Nasarori da tasirin kiɗa Chidinma ta lashe Kyautar Mata ta Yammacin Afirka a Kyautar Kora ta 2012. Didier Drogba ne ya ba ta lambar girmamawar ta. Ta tunɓuke Omawumi tare da wasu mutane biyar saboda girmamawar. Bayan lashe kyautar, Chidinma ya ce, "Wannan babbar girmamawa ce a gare ni. Ina godiya ga Allah, masoyana da kuma mutane, wadanda suka kasance cikin labarin nasarar da na samu. Lashe KORA babbar nasara ce a gareni kuma na san shine farkon mafi kyawun abubuwa masu zuwa. Chidinma ta ambaci Michael Jackson, Bob Marley, Alicia Keys, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Fela Kuti, Omawumi, Onyeka Onwenu, Lagbaja da Darey Art Alade a matsayin manyan tasirin wakokin ta.
Manazarta Ƴan fim
Pages with unreviewed |
58002 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank%20of%20British%20West%20Africa | Bank of British West Africa | Bank of British West Africa (BBWA)wani banki ne na Birtaniya a ketare wanda ke da mahimmanci wajen shigar da bankunan zamani a cikin kasashen da suka fito daga kasashen yammacin Afirka na Birtaniya.A cikin 1957 ta canza suna zuwa Bank of West Africa,kuma a cikin 1965 Bankin Standard ya samu.
Tarihi 1891-Dattijon Dempster mai girma Alfred Lewis Jones (an haife shi a Carmarthen,Wales a 1845) da George William Neville (an haife shi a Richmond,kusa da London a 1852),wakilin gida na Dattijo Dempster Co.na Liverpool,yayi ƙoƙarin haɓaka banki aiki a bakin tekun Guinea
1892—Kamfanin Bankin Afirka ya mallaki ayyukan banki na Elder Dempster a Legas,Najeriya .A cikin shekara guda sun so su rufe shi.Maimakon haka,sun sayar da aikin ga AL Jones da Elder Dempster
1893-Dattijo Dempster ya taimaka wajen kafa bankin British West Africa (BBWA) wanda ya karbi aikin tsohon ABC a Legas.Daga ƙarshe,BBWA ta kafa rassa a Liverpool,London,da Manchester.
1894-Dattijo Dempster Co,an nada shi wakilai a Freetown, Saliyo da Bathurst,Gambiya don BBWA.BBWA kuma ta karbe reshen Tangier na ABC.
1896 BBWA ta kafa reshe a Accra, Ghana Babban kasuwancinsa a lokacin shi ne rabon tsabar kudi na azurfa, wanda shi kadai ne ke samar da su. A matsayinsa na banki daya tilo a kasar a lokacin, ya zo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin tattalin arziki, inda ya zama babban bankin kasar. A cikin 1902, ya buɗe wani reshe a Sekondi Ya bude wata hukuma a Obuasi a cikin 1905, wanda ya kai matsayin reshe a 1909. A cikin 1906 ya buɗe reshe a Kumasi Bankin Birtaniya na yammacin Afirka ya fadada hanyar sadarwarsa don rufe yawancin manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci a cikin Gold Coast kuma ya ci gaba da mamaye harkokin banki na kasuwanci a Ghana.
1898 BBWA ta kafa reshe a Freetown, Saliyo
1902 BBWA ta kafa reshe a Bathurst, Gambia
A cikin kusan 1910 BBWA ya kafa reshe a Tenerife, a cikin Canary Islands
1912 BBWA ta karbi ragamar ayyukan Bankin Najeriya, wanda 'yan kasuwa na cikin gida suka kafa a 1899 ko 1902 don samar da mai yin gasa ga BBWA.
1915 BBWA ta kafa reshe a Douala, Kamaru, bayan mamayewar Anglo-Faransa
1916 BBWA ta rufe reshenta a Douala bayan canja wurin Douala zuwa gwamnatin Faransa, amma ta bude wata hukuma a birnin New York.
1918 BBWA ya buɗe reshe a Alexandria, Masar
1919 Lloyds Bank da wasu bankuna uku sun zama masu hannun jari a BBWA
1912 BBWA ya sake buɗe reshe a Douala, Faransa Kamaru, da kuma a Alkahira.
1923 Bankin Standard na Afirka ta Kudu ya karɓi hukumar BBWA ta New York. Bankin Lloyds ya sami Cox Co, wanda ke da rassa a Masar, amma shi kansa mai hannun jari ne a BBWA. Don kaucewa yin gasa da kanta, Lloyds ya sa BBWA ta tura kasuwancinta na Masar zuwa bankin Lloyds. A cikin 1926 Lloyds ya tura ayyukansa a Masar zuwa Babban Bankin Masar
Tsakanin 1930 zuwa 1940 BBWA ta rufe yawancin rassanta da ta kafa a Maroko, Tsibirin Canary da Fernando Po.
A cikin 1937 ko makamancin haka, BBWA ta kafa reshe a Hamburg, Jamus
1953 BBWA ta rasa ayyukanta na babban bankin kasar Ghana. Gwamnatin Ghana ta kafa bankin Gold Coast don hada ayyukan banki na kasuwanci da ayyukan bankin tsakiya
A cikin 1954 ko makamancin haka BBWA ta rufe reshenta na Hamburg, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kasance baya lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ya sake buɗewa daga baya.
1957 Bankin Yammacin Afirka ya canza suna zuwa Bank of West Africa (BWA)
1963 BWA ta rufe reshenta a Tangier
1965 Bankin Standard ya sami BWA, kuma ya sake masa suna Standard Bank of West Africa. SBWA ta mallaki rassan bankin Chase Manhattan na Laberiya da Najeriya a matsayin hannun jarin Chase da ya samu kashi 15% na bankin Standard, hannun jarin da ya sayar a karshen shekarun 1970. BWA har yanzu tana gudanar da reshe guda ɗaya kowanne a cikin Dokokin Faransa da Burtaniya na Kamaru, da kuma a Maroko
1969 Bankin Standard ya haɗu da Bankin Chartered don kafa bankin Standard Chartered SBWA ta yi watsi da Standard Bank of Ghana, Standard Bank Nigeria, da Standard Bank na Saliyo, wanda ya ci gaba da samun daban-daban tarihi.
1 ga Janairu 1985 Aikin Ghana ya zama Standard Chartered Bank Ghana, wanda a karkashin sunan yana ci gaba da aiki.
1971 Standard Bank of Nigeria ya sanya kashi 13% na jarin jarin sa ga masu zuba jari na Najeriya. Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasar Najeriya, gwamnatin mulkin sojan Najeriya ta yi kokarin kara karfin kananan hukumomi a bangaren hada-hadar banki. Zuba jarin bankin Standard Chartered a bankin Standard Nigeria ya fadi zuwa kashi 38%, kuma bankin ya canza suna zuwa First Bank of Nigeria a shekarar 1979. Standard Chartered ya sayar da sauran hannun jarinsa a bankin First Bank of Nigeria a shekarar 1996. Don haka, bankin Standard Chartered na Najeriya na yanzu, ya gano kasancewarsa a Najeriya ne kawai a shekarar 1999, lokacin da bankin ya sake shigo da Najeriya da wani sabon kamfani na gaba daya.
Bankin Standard Chartered na Saliyo na yanzu yana bin tarihin kamfanoni tun lokacin da BBWA ta ba da Dattijon Dempster a matsayin wakilansa a Freetown a 1894.
A tsakanin 1969 zuwa 1974, Standard Bank ya kuma rufe rassan Douala da Victoria a Kamaru da ya gada daga BWA.
A shekarar 1974 SBWA tana da rassa biyu kacal, duka a Gambia, kuma a shekarar 1978, SBWA ta mayar da wadannan rassa biyu zuwa Standard Bank Gambia Ltd. Har zuwa 2002, a lokacin Standard Chartered Bank Gambia ya kasance banki daya tilo a |
29730 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olena%20Chekan | Olena Chekan | Articles with hCards
Olena Vasilivna Chekan (kuma Yelena Chekan 'yar Ukraine; Polish; Serbian, 26 Afrilu 1946 21 Disamba 2013, Kyiv, Ukraine yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Soviet da Ukrainian, marubuciyar fim kuma ɗan jarida.
Kuruciya An haifi Chekan a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1946 a Kyiv. Mahaifinta shi ne Vasily Ioannovich Chekan (28 Disamba 1906 23 Nuwamba 1986), mahaifiyar Lyubov Pavlovna Chekan Tarapon (15 Yuni 1914 19 Yuli 1994). A 1972, ta sauke karatu daga Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute a Moscow. Daraktan fasaha na kwas din shine Vladimir Etush. Chekan ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shekaru guda, tare da Natalya Gundareva da Konstantin Raikin Sana'a Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Moscow Drama Theater a kan Malaya Bronnaya, a Moscow Pushkin Drama Theater, a Studio Theater na wani Film actor na Alexander Dovzhenko Film Studios (Kyiv), a Studio Theater "Suzirya" ("Constellation"). in Kyiv. Ta kuma yi aiki a kan Ukrainian TV, a Broadcast Studio 1+1 (TV Channel) a matsayin m edita na "Takardu" aikin. Chekan ta yi aiki a mujallar Ukrainsky Tyzhden The Ukrainian Week a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma mataimakin babban editan tun ranar kafuwar mujallar a shekara ta 2007.
Aikinta Chekan na farko a cinema shine a cikin Solaris na Andrei Tarkovsky Ta kasance shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 kuma tana da ayyuka sama da 50 a fina-finai da suka hada da matsayin jagora da na sakandare kuma. Chekan ya kuma yi aiki a kan ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo fiye da 30 waɗanda ke yin manyan ayyuka da na sakandare. Chekan memba ne na ƙungiyar masu yin fim na USSR da Ukraine kuma memba na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na USSR da Ukraine.
Chekan kuma an san ta a matsayin marubucin allo kuma mai yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mutum daya da aka sadaukar don aikin kirkire-kirkire na Taras Shevchenko, Lesya Ukrainka, Vasyl Stus, Marina Tsvetaeva, Osip Mandelstam, Mikhail Bulgakov, Anna Akhmatova, Maximilian Voloshin, Alexander Blok, Borisa Joseph Brodsky, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Federico García Lorca, tare da kyawawan zane-zane masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki (gutsuniyoyi na abubuwan da aka tsara na Bach, Vivaldi, Haydn, Mozart, Chopin Ayyukanta da yawa za a iya gani a kan mumbari na Cinema House, Central House of Artists, Actors House, Studio Theatre "Constellation", a cikin Memorial House na Marina Tsvetaeva a Moscow, a Ukrainian Cultural Cibiyoyin a Moscow da kuma Saint Petersburg, a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Gidan Tunawa zuwa Mikhail Bulgakov a Kyiv Mikhail Bulgakov Museum a cikin Memorial House na Maximilian Voloshin a Koktebel, a Alexander Grin gidan kayan gargajiya a Stary Krym (Old Crimea). An bude kakar 73 na kungiyar masana kimiyya ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ukraine a Kyiv tare da maraice na kade-kade da wake-wake. Chekan ta yi rawar gani a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta ƙungiyar ƴan wasan fina-finai ta Jihar USSR a wasanta na mutum ɗaya a gaban sojoji a Kabul da Bagram a Afghanistan a 1981-1982.
An bata kyautar tunawa da USSR Border Forces "For Merit ga Fatherland". Chekan ya karanta wakoki tare da shahararriyar mawakiya 'yar kasar Ukraine Lina Kostenko a gaban 'yan kwana-kwana da jami'an soji a lokacin da aka kawar da matsalar gaggawa a tashar samar da makamashin nukiliya ta Chernobyl a shekarar 1986. Ta kuma ba da rahoto daga Grozny a matsayin ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa kuma mai zaman kansa na Rediyo Free Europe/Radio Liberty lokacin Yaƙin Checheniya na Farko a 1994–1996. Har ila yau, ta kasance marubuci, mai gudanarwa da kuma mai gabatarwa na TV-shirin "Hanyoyin dawwama" a kan Inter, a cikin 2000 da kuma editan m na "Takardu" TV-shirin samar da Broadcast Studio 1+1 (TV Channel) 1+1 Rukunin Media.
Chekan da Yuriy Makarov suka rubuta wasan kwaikwayo kashi na 4 na fim din "My Shevchenko" wanda shine aikin 1+1 An zabi fim din "My Shevchenko" tare da haɗin gwiwar Yuriy Makarov don kyautar Shevchenko a 2002 Shevchenko National Prize Ta kasance marubucin ra'ayi kuma mawallafin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na fim din "Ivan Mazepa: Love. Girma." (2005, directed by Yuriy Makarov, aikin 1+1 (TV Channel) Ivan Mazepa Chekan ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida kuma 'yar jarida a Ukrainsky Tyzhden The Ukrainian Week Mujallar mako-mako tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 2007 a matsayin mataimakin babban editan Yuriy Makarov. Ta zama marubucin labarai da tambayoyi da yawa, ciki har da hirar da ta yi da Václav Havel, André Glucksmann, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Boris Nemtsov, Krzysztof Zanussi, Igor Pomerantsev, Akhmed Zakayev, Tomas Venclova, Valentyn Sylvestrov, Serna Kronvsky, Serna Koron da sauran fitattun mutane.
A cikin bazara na 2012, an gano cewa Chekan tana da ciwon daji na kwakwalwa (brain cancer) na mataki na hudu. Ta mutu a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2013.
Rayuwa ta sirri Chekan ta yi aure
Stanyslas Rodyuk (1937-2003), m aure
Chekan tana da ɗa, Bohdan Rodyuk Chekan (an haife shi 1978) daga aurenta da Stanislas Rodyuk.
Fina-finai Chekan ta yi aiki a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fina-finai da yawa daga 1980 zuwa 1990, ciki har da:
Mutumin da ya damu (1978)
Da'irar Iyali (1979)
Mata Suna Barkwanci A Cikin Ƙaunar Ƙarfafa (1981)
Zuwa Wurin Harsashi (1981)
Shekara (1982)
Asirin St. George's Cathedral (1982)
Harsashi uku na bindigar Ingilishi (1983)
Haunted By Ghosts (1984)
Rayuwa Bridge (1986)
Farko a Sosnovka (1986)
Gabatowa Gaba (1986)
Ta gefen ku (1986)
Fara Binciken (fim na biyu, Smear (1987)
Gypsy Aza (1987)
Blue Rose (1988)
Mai zunubi (1988)
Yadda Maza suke Magana Game da Mata (1988)
Kama daga Château d'If (1988)
Gargadin Guguwa (1988)
Hanyar Ta hanyar Ruins (1989)
Ina so in yi ikirari (1989)
Shekara (1990)
Doping Ga Mala'iku (1990)
Niagara (1991)
Wallafe-wallafe Chekan ta buga littafin hira Etoile d'Alex Moscovitch (Tauraron Alex Moscovitch). Chekan ne ya rubuta wannan littafi a cikin 1990-1991 a Moscow a kan tattaunawar sirri da tunanin siyasa daga Alex Moscovitch, abokin Janar de Gaulle An buga hirar littafin a Moscow a gidan wallafe-wallafen NORD a cikin 1992 tare da tarihin tarihin Moscovitch Le Temps Des Punaises a cikin Rashanci.
Ɗanta, Bohdan Rodyuk-Chekan, ya fara buga fassarar Turanci na ayyukanta da kuma ayyukanta mafi kyawu da aka buga a baya a cikin Makon Ukrainian Mawallafin Austrian ya buga littafin mai suna The Quest for a free Ukraine in Vienna a edita gidan Der Konterffei a 2015. Littafi na biyu, Waƙoƙin Ukrainian Art, wanda aka buga a cikin 2016, ya haɗa da ƙarin tambayoyin da aka buga a cikin Makon Ukrainian da kuma babi game da yin aiki da wallafe-wallafen.
Manazarta
Ci gaba da karatu
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Contains images, biography and filmography of Olena Chekan in Russian
Contains the all journalistic interviews and publications on Ukrainian by Olena Chekan in The Ukrainian Week (Ukrainian: Ukrainskyi Tyzhden's official website
Contains the audio recording interview Igor Pomerantsev with Olena Chekan in the studio of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, RFE/RL on Russian
Contains the interview Olena Chekan with Natalya Gorbanevskaya from The Ukrainian Week (Ukrainian: date of publication 15 October 2010
Contains images of the book presentation "OLENA CHEKAN The Quest for a Free Ukraine
Contains image of the book "OLENA CHEKAN The Quest for a Free Ukraine
Contains last lifetime interview by Olena Chekan with noted French pianist Alain Planès from Olena Chekan's personal archives. The Ukrainian Week publishes it for the first time
Contains images information in Russian about the concert of Yuri Shevchuk and the orchestra DDT which was dedicated to Olena Chekan to help her in the fight against brain cancer
Contains images and information in Ukrainian about the funeral and farewell with cultural journalist, actress, screenwriter Olena Chekan
Contains image of Olena Chekan (Elena Chekan)
Haifaffun 1946
Jarumai daga Kyiv
Mutuwar 2013
Marubutan shirye-shiryen talebijin 'yan
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
24308 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Quartey-Papafio | Benjamin Quartey-Papafio | Benjamin William Quarteyquaye Quartey -Papafio, MRCS (Londan) (25 ga Yuni 1859 14 ga Satumba 1924) likita ne majagaba kuma ɗan siyasa a yankin Gold Coast ɗan ƙasar Ghana na farko da ya fara samun digiri na likita (MD) kuma na farko da ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗariƙar ɗarika. -likitan horo.
Rayuwa An haifi Benjamin Quartey-Papafio a cikin babban dangin Accra: Iyayensa sune Akwashotse Chief William Quartey-Papafio, wanda aka fi sani da Nii Kwatei-Kojo ko "Old Papafio", da Momo Omedru, 'yar kasuwa daga Gbese (Dutch Accra) da Amanokrom Akuapem Quartey-Papafio ya yi karatu a Makarantar Grammar CMS da Kwalejin Fourah Bay da ke Freetown, Saliyo, kafin ya tafi karatu a Biritaniya. Samun B.A. digiri daga Jami'ar Durham, ya yi rajista a matsayin ɗalibin likitanci a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St Bartholomew a 1882 kafin ya koma Jami'ar Edinburgh. Ya sauke karatu daga Edinburgh tare da digiri M.B. da M.Ch. a 1886 kuma ya zama memba na Royal College na Surgeons.
Brotheran'uwansa, Emmanuel William Kwate Quartey-Papafio (1857-1928) manomi ne kuma ɗan kasuwa. Wani ɗan'uwa, Arthur Boi Quartey-Papafio (1869-1927) ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandaren Wesleyan ta Accra, sannan ya tafi Kwalejin Fourah Bay kafin karanta doka a Kwalejin Christ, Cambridge kuma a cikin 1897, an kira shi zuwa Bar a Lincoln Inn, London. Ya buɗe dakunansa a Accra kuma ya yi rubutu sosai kan tarihin Accra da dokokin al'ada na mutanen Ga. Daga 1905 zuwa 1909, ya kasance memba na Majalisar Garin Accra kuma abokin haɗin gwiwa na Babban Taron Ƙasa na Burtaniya ta Yammacin Afirka. Ya kuma yi wa jaridar editan, Gold Coast Advocate. Sauran membobi biyu na dangin Quartey-Papafio, Clement W. Quartey-Papafio (1882–1938) da Hugh Quartey-Papafio (1890–1959) (yaran Emmanuel William Kwate Quartey-Papafio) suma sun zama lauyoyi kuma suna aiki sosai a Accra high. al'umma.
Shi ne ɗan Afirka na farko da ya sami digirin likita a yankin Gold Coast
Da yake komawa Gold Coast, ya kasance jami'in lafiya na Sabis na Gwamnatin Gold Coast daga 1888 zuwa 1905, kuma yana cikin aikin sirri. Quartey-Papafio yana da yara uku da Hannah Maria Ekua Duncan, na dangin Cape Coast/Elmina; a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1896 a St Bartholomew-the-Great Church a Smithfield, London, ya auri Eliza Sabina Meyer, 'yar Richard Meyer na Accra, kuma ma'auratan suna da yara shida.
Memba na Majalisar Garin Accra daga 1909 zuwa 1912, Quartey-Papafio memba ne na wakilin 1911 zuwa London wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da Dokar Gandun Daji. Ya kasance mamba na Majalisar Dokoki ba tare da izini ba daga 1919 zuwa 1924. Ya kasance mai aikin Anglican.
Iyali Mercy (Ffoulkes-Crabbe), Ruby (Quartey-Papafio) da Grace (Nelson) sun zama malamai a yankin Gold Coast. Sonansa, Percy, ya sami horo a matsayin likita amma ya kasa yin aikin saboda gazawar gani da ido ya haifar. Dr B. W. Quartey-Papafio, Nene Sir Emmanuel Mate Kole, KBE (Konor na Manya Krobo), Dr F. V. Nanka-Bruce, Hon. Sir Thomas Hutton-Mills, tare da Nana Sir Ofori Atta (Omanhene na Akim Abuakwa), Nana Amonoo, F. J. P. Brown na Cape Coast, J. Ephraim Casely-Hayford na Sekondi su ne gine-ginen kafa Kwalejin Achimota. Dr Ruby ta ba da umarni ga ƙoƙarce -ƙoƙarinta da sha'awarta ta zama masanin tattalin arziƙi kuma ƙwararriyar Uwargida a Makarantar Sakandaren 'Yan Mata ta Accra. Baya ga rubuce-rubucen fatalwa da kuma ba da taimako mai yawa ga marigayi Kwame Nkrumah da abokan hadin gwiwa/masu kishin kasa wajen tabbatar da 'yancin kan Ghana, rabe-raben jinkai na Mercy sun kuma sa aka nada ta a matsayin shugabar mata ta farko a Ghana a Makarantar' Yan Mata ta Gwamnati ta Cape Coast. Bayan samun babban haɗin gwiwa na Kwalejin Sarauniya ta Royal, ɗanta tilo Nana Ffoulkes Crabbe-Johnson ta ci gaba da rarrabuwar kawuna ta hanyar zama Farfesa na farko na Ghana kuma Shugaban Sashen a Anaesthesiolgy (Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas) a wata cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta waje da mata. Shugaban Kwalejin Kwararrun Likitoci na Yammacin Afirka.
Manazarta Mutuwan |
15507 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariam%20Masha | Mariam Masha | Mariam Temitope Masha ita ce babbar mataimakiya ta musamman ga shugaban tarayyar Najeriya kan ayyukan jin kai. Kafin wannan nadin, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mataimakiya ta musamman ga shugaban Najeriya kan ‘Yan Gudun Hijira. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Mataimakin Shugaban kasa kan ayyukan Arewa maso Gabas. Memba ce a cikin kwamitin amintattu na mutum biyar tallafawa yaran yankin Arewa maso Gabas wato,North East Children's Trust (NECT), inda tayi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar zartarwa, kuma ta kasance malama mai ziyartar African Leadership Center (ALC) na King's College London.
Rayuwar Sirri An haifi Mariam Masha a jihar Legas. Tana da aure da 'ya'ya biyu.
Ilimi Mariam ta samu digiri na aikin likitancin hakori (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) daga Jami’ar Legas, ta Jihar Legas, a shekarar 2000. Bayan shekara uku kuma, ta sami Digiri na biyu a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama’a (MPH) daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama’a ta John Hopkins Bloomberg. A shekarar 2013, Mariam ta zama mai bin Archbishop Desmond Tutu Leadership Fellow, kuma a shekarar 2015 ta sami difloma a fannin jagoranci a kungiyar daga jami’ar Oxford UK.
Aiki Bayan digirinta na farko, Mariam tayi aiki a matsayin jami'ar kula da hakori a asibitin koyarwa na jami'ar Lagas, LUTH. Bayan haka, ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don neman digiri na Doctorate daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta John Hopkins Bloomberg. A can, ta gudanar da bincike na farko kan ire-iren raunuka daga raunin hatsura a bisa hanyoyin Saharar Afirka, da Kudancin Asiya. Ta dawo Najeriya inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatariya a shirin Arrive Alive Road Safety Initiative kuma ta zama mai ba da shawara ta Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta kasa kan Rigakafin Raunin Hanyoyi a Najeriya. Yayinda take aiki a wannan matsayin, ta ninka biyu a matsayin mabiya Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) MENTOR-VIP zuwa babban rukuni. Mariam ta yi aiki a bangaren gwamnati sama da shekaru goma sha biyu, inda ta fara a matsayin babbar mataimakiya ta musamman ga gwamnan jihar Legas na 13 kan ilimin Ilimin Sufuri, inda ta yi aiki a kan gyaran bangaren sufuri ta hanyar bunkasa karfin dan Adam. Ta rike mukamin har sau biyu a jere (2007 2015). A matsayinta mai koyar da ilimin zurga-zurga a SSA, ita ke da alhakin kafa Cibiyar Tilasta doka a Jihar Legas (LETI) a shekarar 2013; wata hukuma da aka kafa tare da manufa don samar da kwararrun jami’an tsaro wadanda suka hada da amma ba a iyakance ga jami’an LASTMA, KAI, Neigbhourhood Watch da Vehicle Inspection Service (VIS) ba, wadanda ke da kwazo, da dogaro da kai, masu dogaro da al’umma, masu tunani da magance matsaloli; an karantar da su sosai cikin ɗabi'a, ƙa'idodin ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar doka ta hanyar haɓaka ƙwararrun ƙwararru da isar da ingantaccen horo.
A watan Yunin 2015, an nada Mariam a matsayin babbar mataimakiya ta musamman ga shugaban kasar Najeriya kan Gwamnatin Buhari. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban shiri na zaman lafiya na Recovery and Peace Building Assessment (RPBA) a madadin Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Bankin Duniya, Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya inda ta kirkiro rahoton wanda an yi amfani da shi azaman tushen samar da tsarin ci gaban Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya.
A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2019, Mariam ta wakilci Gwamnatin Najeriya wajen daukar nauyin taron Najeriyar a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 74, mai take kawo karshen talauci ta hanyar shiga tsari na zamani" (Tackling Poverty for Greater Inclusion in a Digital Age) wanda aka gudanar a Hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.
Manazarta Rayayyun Mutane
Mutane daga |
19878 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamfanin%20Chanchangi%20Airlines | Kamfanin Chanchangi Airlines | Chanchangi Airlines Nigerian Limited ya kasance wani mai zaman mallaka da kuma sarrafa kamfanin jirgin sama tare da shugaban ofishin a cikin Chanchangi Office Complex a Kaduna, Nigeria Yana aiki da sabis na fasinjan cikin gida wanda aka tsara. Babban sansanin shi a Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos, tare da matattara a Kaduna, Abuja, da Fatakwal Alhaji Ahmadu Chanchangi, wanda ya kafa ta, ya fito ne daga ƙauyen Chanchangi da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar Takum ta jihar Taraba, Najeriya.
Tarihi Kamfanin Alhaji Chanchangi ya kafu a matsayin kamfani a ranar 5 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1994 kuma ya fara zirga-zirgar jiragen sama zuwa Kaduna, Lagos, Owerri, Abuja da Fatakwal a ranar 2 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 1997. An yi amfani da sabis ta amfani da jirgin Boeing 727-200 An kuma samo jirgi 3 Boeing 737-200 da 2 Boeing 737-300 a shekara ta 2009. Kamfanin jirgin sama na Chanchangi ya sami lambar Hukumar Kula da Filayen Jiragen Sama na Tarayyar Najeriya (FAAN) da kuma Kyautar Kyauta ta "Kyauta mafi Kyawun Jirgin Sama na Shekara" na 1998, 1999 da 2000. A cikin shekara ta 2004 ta sami hukumomin hanya don ayyuka zuwa Abidjan, Accra, Dakar, Douala da Malabo A ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2006 aka gabatar da ayyuka daga Lagos zuwa Accra. Kamfanin jirgin mallakar Alhaji Ahmadu Chanchangi ne (94%) da wasu mutane hudu rike da kaso 1% kowanne. Yana da ma'aikata 780 kafin watan Maris na shekara ta 2007. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta sanya ranar 30 ga Afrilun, shekara ta 2007 ga dukkan kamfanonin jiragen saman da ke aiki a kasar da su sake yin amfani da damar su ko kuma su dakatar da su, a kokarin ta na tabbatar da ingantattun ayyuka da tsaro. Kamfanin jirgin ya gamsar da sharuddan Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Najeriya (NCAA) dangane da sake samun kudin shiga kuma an sake yi masa rajista don aiki.
Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Najeriya (NCAA) ta dakatar da kamfanin jiragen sama na Chanchangi a ranar 5 ga Yulin shekara ta 2010, inda ta ambaci wata doka da ta nuna cewa babu wani kamfanin jirgin sama da zai iya yin aiki da jirgin sama daya tilo da ke aiki, wanda hakan ya kasance a Chanchangi a lokacin. A ranar 21 ga watan Oktoban, shekara ta 2010, Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Chanchangi ya ci gaba da aiki tsakanin Lagos da Abuja.
Kamfanin jiragen sama na Chanchangi bai bayyana ba a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, na shekara ta 2012, don kare kanta daga tuhumar da kamfanin jirgin na Ethiopian Airlines ya yi mata kan gazawar da ta yi ta shirya biyan kudin Br miliyan 14 don ayyukan kulawa. Saboda wannan ne aka dakatar da jirgin nata a Filin jirgin saman Bole, inda wasu manazarta suka yi hasashen rashin biyan kudin zai sa kamfanin jirgin saman Habasha ya yi gwanjon jirgin.
Makoma Kamfanin jiragen sama na Chanchangi ya dakatar da dukkan aikin jiragensa a shekara ta 2012.
Yarjejeniyar Jirgi Kamfanin jirgin sama na Chanchangi ya gudanar da jirgin haya a ciki da wajen Najeriya. Wasu daga cikin abokan aikinsa sun kasance kamar haka:
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
Sojojin Nijeriya
Kwalejin Sojoji & Kwalejin Ma'aikata, Jaji
Hukumar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya
Getra a Equatorial Guinea
Abubuwan da suka faru Daya daga cikin jirgin Chanchangi Airlines Boeing 727s ya sauka (tare da matsalar kayan sauka) a Filin jirgin saman Murtala Mohammed, Lagos a ranar 29 ga Disambar 2004 bayan jirgi ya tashi daga Fatakwal. Mutane 81 da ke jirgin ba su samu rauni ba kuma babu wata babbar illa da jirgin ya yi. A sakamakon haka, ragowar 5 Boeing 727 an dakatar dasu ne domin baiwa masu bincike damar gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a cikin jirgin. A ranar 3 ga Janairun 2005 ne Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Najeriya (NCAA) ta ba da izinin sake cigaba da gudanar da aikin tukin jirgin.
Bayan hatsarin jirgin Sosoliso Airlines 1145 a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2005, Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ya dakatar da Sosoliso da Chanchangi Airlines. Saukar da Chanchangi ya samo asali ne daga wani rahoto da ke nuna cewa ayyukanta ba su da hadari. Bayan wucewar binciken da ma'aikatar jirgin saman Najeriya ta yi, an kyale Chanchangi ya cigaba da aiki a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 2005.
Wani jirgin Boeing 727 da ke kan hanyar zuwa Abuja an tilasta shi komawa Lagos a ranar 9 ga Mayu bayan da ma’aikatan suka ba da rahoton wata matsala game da tsarin sanyaya jirgin.
A ranar 22 ga Agusta, 2006, tayoyi biyu sun fashe a kan jirgin Boeing 727 dauke da fasinjoji 98. An rahoto cewa matukin jirgin ya yi saukar keda wuya domin ya rungumi titin jirgin sama bayan ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya a filin jirgin saman Nnamdi Azikiwe da ke Abuja. Babu asarar rai.
Chanchangi ya sha fama da hadari da yawa na hatsari a tsakiyar/ƙarshen 2007. Wani jirgi daga Kaduna zuwa Legas ya sami cikas bayan da wani injin injina ya tashi kimanin minti ashirin da fara tafiyar. A tsakiyar watan Satumba, wani jirgin Legas zuwa Abuja ya koma Legas bayan an gano kwararar ruwa.
A ranar 22 ga Fabrairun 1998, babban direban jirgin saman na Chanchangi ya nemi Air Traffic Control (ATC) da ke Kaduna, Najeriya don a ba shi izinin gudanar da horon jirgin sama ta hanyar amfani da jirgin kamfanin Chanchangi Airlines Boeing 737-2K3 (wanda aka bayar da shi daga Aviogenex, mai rajista YU-ANU) wanda ya taho daga Legas kusan awa ɗaya da ta gabata. Tun da yake ganuwa ta ragu zuwa mita 600, an gaya masa cewa yana ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin izinin sauka kuma buƙatarsa ba za ta yiwu ba. Na gaba, matukin jirgin ya nemi a ba shi izinin gudanar da horon tashi, kuma daga baya ATC ya ba da izini. Mutane da yawa sun shiga kyaftin din don motsa jiki. An umarce shi da fara horo a Runway 05, kuma sau ɗaya a matsayi izini don "ɗauka" an ba shi. A ka'ida, duk wani hanin da aka ƙi shi da sauri zai buƙaci aƙalla mintina goma don ba birki damar yin sanyi kafin a sake yin aiki da jirgin lafiya, kuma ya dogara da wasu dalilai, wannan lokacin na iya daɗewa, abin da matuƙin jirgin zai sani. Koyaya, a cikin mintuna goma sha biyu masu zuwa, matuƙin jirgin ba tare da wata ma'ana ba ya gudanar da ƙasa da huɗu waɗanda aka ƙi tashi, aƙalla ɗayansu kuma mai yiwuwa dukkansu su huɗu cikin sauri. Birki a ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan sauka (gefen hagu) ya fara kamawa da wuta, wanda ya ta'azzara ta malalar ruwa. Matukin jirgin ya ci gaba da tasi jirgin har sai tayoyin motar sannan sai ƙafafun babban kayan hagu suka watse, suna hana jirgin motsawa gaba. Sannan ya yi kira da a kawo agajin gaggawa. Abun takaici, sun kasa hana jirgin konewa kasa. Babu asarar rai. Babban matukin jirgin ya yi zargin cewa bai yi amfani da birki ba don aikin da aka ki yarda da shi, duk da haka shaidun ba haka ba ne.
A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2007, wani jirgi kirar Boeing 727 da ke kan hanyarsa daga Kaduna zuwa Abuja kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Lagos ya gamu da gobarar jirgin.
A ranar 20 ga Agusta 2010, Jirgin Chanchangi Flight 334, wanda Boeing 737-200 5N-BIF ya yi aiki ya buge eriya da ke kusa da filin jirgin Kaduna Fasinjoji da yawa sun sami rauni kaɗan kuma jirgin ya lalace sosai. Kamfanin jiragen sama na Chanchangi ya sake dakatar da ayyukansa sakamakon hatsarin.
Rundunar soja Jirgin sama na Chanchangi Airlines ya ƙunshi jirgi masu zuwa a lokacin rufewarsa (kamar na watan Disamban shekara ta 2012) kamar haka:
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Kaduna (jiha)
Filayen jirgin |
20346 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutanen%20Edo | Mutanen Edo | Mutanen Edo ko Benin ƙabilun Edoid ne da aka samo asali a cikin jihar Edo, a tarayyar Najeriya. Suna magana da yaren Edo kuma zuriyar waɗanda suka kafa daular Benin ne Suna da kusanci da sauran ƙabilun da ke magana da yaren Edoid, kamar Esan, da Afemai, da Isoko, da kuma Urhobo.
Sunan "Benin" (kuma "Bini") ne a Portuguese cin hanci da rashawa, da kyakkyawan daga kalmar "Ubinu", wadda ta zo a cikin yin amfani a zamanin mulkin Oba (m) Ewuare girma, c. 1440. "Ubinu", kalmar Yarbanci mai ma'anar tashin hankali, anyi amfani dashi don bayyana cibiyar gudanarwa ta masarauta ko babban birni na masarautar, Edo. Daga baya kuma ya gurbata Ubinu ga Bini ta hanyar cakuda kabilyun da ke zaune tare a cibiyar; kuma ya kara lalata zuwa Benin a wajajen 1485 lokacin da Turawan Fotigal suka fara hulɗar kasuwanci da Oba Ewuare.
Tarihi
Yankin Gudanarwa Ana iya samun mutanen Edo a cikin jihar Edo ta Najeriya wacce ta samo sunanta daga manyan mazauna yankin sanannen taron hada-hadar tarihi, garin Benin, wanda kuma shine babban garin tsakiyar mutanen Edo. Hakanan mutanen Edo suna da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da yawa a cikin kewayen su kuma sun haɗa da iyakokin siyasa da mulki na jihar Edo. Yawancin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun gano tarihinsu zuwa tsakiyar gari mai tarihi kusa da mutanen Benin, Garin Benin Misalan irin wadannan kungiyoyin da ke kusa da su sun haɗa da wasu ƙungiyoyin Afemai daban-daban, da mutanen Esan na jihar Edo da kuma mutanen Akoko Edo da ke kan iyakokin arewacin jihar.
Jihar Edo a da tana daga cikin tsohuwar jihar Bendel na farkon mulkin mallaka a Najeriya, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yankin Tsakiyar-Yamma, Najeriya Tasirin wannan yanki da al'adunsa suna nuni da na Edo, Urhobo, Esan da sauran mutanen Edo masu alaƙa.
Miya tufafi Mutanen Edo suna da ɗayan al'adun gargajiya masu kyau a nahiyar Afirka. Kayan aikinsu na kayan kwalliya suna riƙe da sarauta kuma galibi sun hada da beads ja, alamomin jiki, bangilis, anklit,, aikin raffia da sauransu
Akidun gargajiya A cikin addinin gargajiya na Edo, akwai wasu, banda duniyar ɗan adam, wata duniyar da ba ta ganuwa ta halittun allahntaka waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin masu roƙo ga duniyar ɗan adam. Ana yi masu hadaya a wuraren tsafinsu. Osanobua shine mahalicci kuma Allah Maɗaukaki. Sonansa Oloa Olokun shine ke mulkin dukkan ruwan ruwa kuma shine ke da alhakin wadata da wadatar mabiyan sa. Wani ɗa kuma Ogun, shine allahn mashawarcin ƙarfe Kalmar kalmar Osanobua Noghodua tana nufin Allah Maɗaukaki Kalmar Osanobua ta ƙunshi adadin ƙa'idodin allahntaka masu yawa gami da yanayin allahntaka na jinƙai, mara lokaci, kyautatawa, adalci, ɗaukaka, da ɗaukaka. A Edo imani tsarin, Osanobua yana allahntaka halayen omnipresence sanin kome da kome kuma mai iko dukka Isaukacin Allah yana da imani yana nan a ko'ina kuma a kowane lokaci.
Zane da gine-gine Abubuwan gargajiyar Edo sun ƙunshi zane-zanen da za'a iya ganewa da yawa, alloli da abin rufe fuska waɗanda ke nuna fannoni daban-daban na ruhaniya da tarihi na al'adunsu na gargajiya. Wasu daga cikin sanannun kayan fasahar Edo sun hada da abin rufe fuska na Sarauniya Uwargida Idia da tarin tarin kayan tarihin Edo da ake kira Benin Bronzes wanda ba za a iya samun sa ba a cikin Najeriya kawai ba amma kuma kara yaduwa a duniya.
Sanannun Benin a Najeriya Victor Uwaifo, mawaki, marubuci, sculptor, kuma m kayan aiki kirkiro.
Peter Odemwingie, kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa Charles Novia, daraktan fina-finai, furodusa, marubucin allo, jarumi kuma mai sharhi kan zamantakewa.african l
Osayuki Godwin Oshodin, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Benin Benson Idahosa, mai bishara, kuma wanda ya kirkiro Cocin of God Mission International Samuel Ogbemudia, dan siyasa kuma tsohon Gwamnan soja na jihar Mid-West
John Odigie Oyegun, dan siyasa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar APC na kasa na farko a Najeriya
Victor Ikpeba, kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa.
Godwin Obaseki, gwamnan jihar Edo kuma dan kasuwa
Gabriel Igbinedion, ɗan kasuwar Nijeriya da esama na masarautar Benin.
Erhabor Emokpae, mai fasaha
Guosa Alex Guosa Igbineweka, Masanin Juyin Halitta na Guosa, Mahalicci: dan asalin Najeriya da ECOWAS na yankin shiyya-franca
Abel Guobadia, tsohon Shugaban Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Kasa a Najeriya
Farfesa Osasere Orumwense, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Benin
Suyi Davies Okungbowa, mai tatsuniyar Afirka bucin ƙirƙiraren labari
Akbishop John Edokpolo, Mai Girma Ministan Ciniki kuma Wanda ya Kafa Makarantar Edokpolor Grammar
Cif Jacob U. Egharevba, masanin tarihin Bini kuma basaraken gargajiya
Rema, mawaƙin kiɗa
Kamaru Usman, Miwararren wararren Marigayi na Nigerianasar Nijeriya
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Yaƙe-yaƙe na Al'adu da Nationalan Kasa Saga na Yarbawa da Bini-Edo
Sunayen Bini a Najeriya da Georgia
Edoworld -Wanda asalin mutanen Edo Bini suke
Wanene Edos Binis? {Tushen Edoworld}
Yanayin Allah a Addinin Edo Royal Art of Benin: The Perls Collection, wani kaset din nuni daga The Museum of Art of Art (wanda yake cike da yanar gizo a matsayin PDF), wanda ya kunshi abubuwa akan mutanen Edo.
Mutanen Edo Al'ummomin Nijeriya
Al'ummomi
Al'adun Najeriya
Harsunan |
39432 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun%20Adebutu | Segun Adebutu | Articles with hCards
Segun Adebutu hamshakin dan kasuwa ne dan Najeriya, masanin tattalin arziki kuma mai bayar da agaji. Yana da sha'awar kasuwanci a fannin mai da iskar gas, jigilar kaya, hakar ma'adinai, gine-gine, gidaje, noma da nishaɗi. Shi ne shugaba kuma shugaban kamfanin mai na Petrolex Oil and Gas, wanda a halin yanzu yake gina matatar mai ta biyu mafi girma a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara.
Adebutu kuma shine Shugaban Kamfanin Bluebridge Marine Ltd, Bluebridge Minerals, Oladiran Agro-Allied Company da Oladiran Engineering Trade Ltd. Segun Adebutu shine wanda ya kafa Baseline Records Label, wanda ya sanya hannu kan mawakan kiɗa kamar Skales da Saeon. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa kamfanin Trade Nigeria Limited, kuma memba ne a hukumar Premier Lotto, kamfanin caca da ke Najeriya. Segun Adebutu kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma mai kudi na gidauniyar Oladiran Olusegun Adebutu (OOA), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta mai da hankali kan karfafa tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, saka hannun jarin al’umma, agaji, sana’o’in hannu ga mata da kananan yara masu rauni a cikin mawuyacin hali.
Fage An haifi Segun Adebutu ga dangin Kesington Adebukunola Adebutu, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Premier Lotto Nigeria Limited, wanda ya fito daga Iperu Remo, karamar hukumar Ikenne, da Caroline Oladunni, daga Odogbolu, dukkansu a jihar Ogun, Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya Segun Adebutu, ya kammala karatunsa a fannin tattalin arziki a jami'ar Ibadan, kuma ya fara kasuwancin man fetur da iskar gas a shekarar 2004.
Kasuwar Petrolex Oil and Gas Limited Bayan farawa da cinikin mai da iskar gas a shekara ta 2004, ayyukan Segun Adebutu sun girma daga ƙananan kasuwanci zuwa kamfani mai daraja ta duniya tare da sha'awar sufuri, ma'adinai, gine-gine, kayayyakin more rayuwa, gidaje, sadarwa, da nishaɗi. A cikin 2007, Segun Adebutu ya kafa Petrolex Oil Gas Limited, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kamfanin Petrolex. Tsawon shekaru goma, Adebutu a nutse kuma a zahiri ya raya kamfaninsa na makamashi, Petrolex Oil Gas Limited, ya zama babban jigo a cikin sashe mai saurin canzawa. A cewar Segun Adebutu, ya fara cinikin kananan nau’ukan albarkatun man fetur, wadanda ke amfani da injinan wutar lantarki a gidaje da masana’antu a fadin Najeriya. Bayan fuskantar matsalar cunkoso da rabon kayayyaki a matakin farko, ya kammala da cewa akwai bukatar samar da kamfani don warware matsalolin da ake fuskanta. A wancan lokacin, Adana da Rarraba (S&D) ya zama kamar shine mafi kyawun yanki don haɓakawa, kuma mafi sauƙi ta fuskar babban jari. A lokacin, Segun Adebutu ya sami wurin da ya dace ya kafa cibiyar S&D a Ibafo, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Ogun da Legas Bayan kafa gidauniyar, ya fara mallakar gidaje ne a shekarar 2010, ya kuma fara gina gine-gine a shekarar 2013, har zuwa watan Disambar 2017, inda Segun Adebutu ya fito fili a lokacin da ya ja hankalin jama’a, ciki har da mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, Farfesa Yemi Osibanjo, biyo bayan sanarwar da ya bayar. gina katafaren gidan man fetur mafi girma a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara a wani bangare na aikin sa na Mega Oil City a Najeriya. Gidan gonar tankin wurin ajiyar lita miliyan 300 ne tare da tankunan ajiya 20.
A wancan lokacin, tana da ikon jujjuya lita miliyan 600 na albarkatun mai a kowane wata, wanda ke ba da damar adana kayayyaki da rarraba su yadda ya kamata kuma cikin inganci, don ingantattun ayyuka da kuma samun riba mai yawa. A lokacin kaddamar da aikin, an yi hasashen cewa, aikin gonakin tankunan zai zama gonakin ajiyar kayayyakin amfanin gona mafi girma a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara kuma zai samar da ayyukan yi sama da 10,000. Kamfanin ya karɓi kayan sa na farko a cikin Q2 na 2018.
Mega Oil City Bayan kammala kashi na farko na birnin Mega Oil, sakamakon haka ya kasance wani kayayyakin more rayuwa da ya kai murabba'in kilomita 101, wanda ya zama cibiyar samar da man fetur mafi girma a Afirka, kusan kashi 10% na girman jihar Legas. Kashi na farko na aikin shine gonar tanka ta Ibefun a shekarar 2018, dalar Amurka $426 wurin ajiyar kayayyakin man fetur miliyan da karfin lita miliyan 300, wanda ya zama mafi girma kuma irinsa na farko a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara. Har ila yau, Birnin yana da manyan gantiyoyi 30 da kuma wurin shakatawar tirela mai iya ɗaukar manyan motoci 4000. Hakanan ya rage gridlock a tashar jiragen ruwa na Apapa da kashi 60%. Rukunin masana'antu ya fara kashi na biyu na aikin, wanda aka yi niyya ya zama jarin dalar Amurka 5 biliyan biliyan a cikin tattalin arzikin jihar Ogun, kuma zai samar da matatar mai mai karfin bpd 250,000, tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin MW 100, kamfanin man petrochemical, masana'antar mai da kuma masana'antar sarrafa iskar gas. Adebutu ya ce, "Bisa ga burinmu na jajircewa, muna da shirin fadadawa wanda zai kara karfin ajiyar tankin zuwa lita biliyan 1.2 nan da 'yan shekaru." Najeriya ita ce kasa mafi girma a Afirka wajen samar da man fetur, amma ba ta da isasshen karfin tacewa da shigo da akalla kashi 70 na bukatunta. Wani alƙawarin da gwamnati ta yi na kawo ƙarshen sayayya a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa ta hanyar gina ƙwararrun gida, ya jawo hankalin masu zuba jari ciki har da hamshakin attajirin Afrika, Aliko Dangote, wanda ke gina matatar mai mai ganga 650,000 a rana. Adebutu ya koma Dangote a matsayin ‘yan Najeriya biyu kacal da ke gina matatun mai a halin yanzu.
Kamfanoni da sauran ayyuka Segun Adebutu kuma shi ne Shugaban wasu kamfanoni na Petrolex, daga cikinsu akwai, Bluebridge Marine Services da Bluebridge Minerals. Akwai mai da hankali kan ma'adanai da bitumen bisa ga dokokin Najeriya na yanzu.
Tallafawa A cikin 2014, Adebutu ya kafa gidauniyar Oladiran Olusegun Adebutu (OOA), kungiya mai zaman kanta da ba ta siyasa, wacce ta kafa kuma ta yi rajista da CAC a cikin 2014 kuma mai tushe a Kudu maso Yamma, Najeriya. Tun daga 2014, Gidauniyar OOA ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen agaji wanda ya kama daga tallafin ilimi, tallafin kiwon lafiya, tallafin abinci mai gina jiki, tallafin jin daɗin rayuwa, tallafin nishaɗi, tsari da samar da ruwa mai tsafta. An kaddamar da shi a ranar Asabar, 22 ga Oktoba, 2016 a Abeokuta, Jihar Ogun, Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya. Magoya bayan Gidauniyar da da yawa daga cikinsu sun halarci bikin kuma suka yi alkawarin tallafa wa gidauniyar sun hada da: Cif Olusegun Obasanjo (Tsohon Shugaban Najeriya);
Dr. Sen. Grace Folashade Bent tsohon Alkalin Alkalan Najeriya, Hon Justice Salihu Modibo Alfa Balgore; F
tsohon ministan matasa da al'adu, Alabo Tonye Graham Douglas; The OOA Foundation has implemented the Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Care and Support Programme as an umbrella programme that responds to the needs of orphans and vulnerable children through improved access to essential services and needs. One such initiative of the OVC Project is the Leave No Child Behind, a programme that operates in 53 primary schools with the goal of reducing educational disparities and barriers to access on basic education among school-age children of ages 3–15. As an additional element to this project, psychosocial care and support programmes prioritise psychosocial interventions that build on existing resources to place and maintain children in stable and affectionate environments through resources like mentorship programmes and community caregiver support.
The immense impact of the OOA Foundation continues to families and helps individuals begin strong, independent and autonomous lives. Additional programmes include food and nutrition intervention to strengthen the capacity of families to protect and care for children through Household Economic Strengthening (HES); youth empowerment through addressing unemployment and offering work/study programmes through Social Mobility Enterprise; women's empowerment by addressing poverty amongst vulnerable women through HES; and raising awareness about sexual abuse prevention.
To simply state that Petrolex and the OOA Foundation have helped the local community would be a grave understatement. To date, the programme has reached over 400 orphans and vulnerable children with improved access to education, healthcare, nutrition, psychosocial support and sanitation. Adebutu says, “Our vision is to reduce poverty among vulnerable children, youth and women in our host communities and our mission is to support orphans, vulnerable children, youth and women with increased access to quality education, primary health care, nutrition, social and economic strengthening through sustainable development activities.”Kungiyar tana aiki da farko kan karfafa tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, jarin al'umma, mata da yara da ke cikin mawuyacin hali a Najeriya. Ta hanyar ayyukan jin kai na gidauniyar, Adebutu da tawagarsa sun dauki yara marasa galihu sama da 400. Har ila yau, ita ce ke da alhakin ƙaddamar da ƙananan masana'antu sama da 500 da matasa ke jagoranta tare da kafa shirye-shiryen samar da kasuwanci na farko a jihohin Legas da Osun
Bayanan tushe Adebutu ya kafa wani kamfani mai suna Baseline Records, inda ya sanya hannu kan mawakan Najeriya Skales da Saeon. A shekarar 2020, gidan rediyon sa, Baseline FM, ya fara aikin gwaji a Legas.
Rigima Jaridar Premium Times ta Najeriya ta ruwaito cewa, karar da mai kamfanin Western Lotto, Buruji Kashamu ya shigar, ya janyo bincike kan abokin hamayyarsa Premier Lotto, mallakin mahaifin Segun, Kesington Adebutu, Buruji Kashamu tsohon dan siyasa ne, dan majalisar dattawan Najeriya, kuma dan gudun hijira a Amurka. An yi iƙirarin cewa Kashamu shine ainihin asalin "Alhaji", sarkin miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin littafin Piper Kerman, Orange Is the New Black: Shekarata a gidan yarin mata, wanda aka daidaita a cikin jerin buga wasan Netflix Orange shine Sabuwar Baƙar fata. Jami’ai da dama a hukumar ta cacar baki sun zargi Mista Kashamu da haddasa binciken saboda yana so ya mamaye wani bangare na harkar caca a Najeriya Biyo bayan karar da Hukumar Yaki da yi wa Tattalin Arzikin Kasa Ta’annati (EFCC) ta shigar ta fara binciken Firimiya Lotto mahaifin Segun bisa laifin zamba. Segun Adebutu ya halarci tambayoyin a madadin kamfanin mahaifinsa a ranar 28 ga Janairu 2020. Tony Orilade, babban mai magana da yawun hukumar ta EFCC, bai yi gaggawar mayar da wata bukata ta neman karin bayani kan cikakkun bayanai na binciken ba. A takaice dai an yi watsi da binciken bayan wani karin haske daga kamfanin, kuma hukumar EFCC ta gano cewa ba ta da wani laifi a cikin harkokin Firimiya Lotto da Segun Adebutu. Har yanzu dai ba a san hakikanin gaskiyar zargin Mista Kashamu ba saboda har yanzu hukumar EFCC ba ta bayyana sakamakon nata ba. Haihuwan 1974
Rayayyun mutane
Kamfanoni a Najeriya
Yoruba
Jami'an Najeriya
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
21795 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansanin%20Boiro | Sansanin Boiro | Sansanin Boiro ko Sansanin Mamadou Boiro (1960 1984), Wani sansanin fursunoni ne na Guinea da ke cikin garin Conakry. A lokacin mulkin Shugaba Ahmed Sékou Touré, an daure dubban abokan hamayyar siyasa a sansanin. An yi kiyasin cewa kusan mutane 5,000 aka kashe ko suka mutu daga azaba ko yunwa a sansanin. A cewar wasu ƙididdigar, adadin waɗanda abin ya shafa ya ninka har sau goma: 50,000.
Shekarun farko Sékou Touré ya zama shugaban Guinea lokacin da ƙasar ta sami independenceancin kai daga Faransa a 1958. Tsawon shekarun da suka biyo baya, mulkinsa ya zama mai matukar danniya, yana tsananta wa shugabannin adawa da masu adawa da shi daga cikin Jam’iyyar Guinean Democratic Party (PDG) mai mulki. Sansanin, wanda ke tsakiyar Conakry, asalin sa ana kiransa Sansanin Camyenne. Hakan ya mamaye Garkuwar Republican a karkashin mulkin mallakar Faransa. An gina shingen kurkukun siyasa a cikin sansanin tare da taimako daga gwamnatin Czechoslovak. A cikin shekarar 1961 kwamandan ya sa an rage windows a girmansu, tunda sun yi girma da yawa ga mazajen da aka yanke musu hukunci. An sauya wa sansanin suna Sansanin Mamadou Boiro a shekarar 1969 domin girmamawa ga wani kwamishinan ‘yan sanda da aka jefo daga helikofta da yake jigilar fursunoni daga Labé zuwa Conakry.
An yi amfani da sansanin don zubar da abokan adawar Touré. Achkar Marof, dan wasan kwaikwayo kuma tsohon jakadan Guinea a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an sake tuna shi zuwa Guinea a 1968, an kama shi kuma an daure shi a Sansanin Boiro. Ya ɗan sami 'yanci a yunƙurin juyin mulkin 1970. Iyalinsa sun koya a cikin 1985 cewa an harbe shi a 26 Janairu 1971. Makircin da ake kira Labé, wanda ke da alaƙa da mulkin mallaka na Faransa, an gano shi a cikin Fabrairu 1969. Touré yayi amfani da wannan makircin don tsarkake sojoji kuma ya kashe aƙalla mutane 13. An kama mutane 87 kuma aka tsare a sansanin, ciki har da Ministan Tattalin Arziki Kudi, Diawadou Barry. Biyu, Mouctar Diallo da Namory Keïta, sun mutu ne saboda yunwa da rashin ruwa kwanaki bayan kame su. An kuma kama Fodéba Keïta, tsohon Ministan Tsaro saboda zargin hada baki a shirin na Labé. An harbe shi bayan an tilasta masa yunwa a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1969.
Bayan yunkurin juyin mulki na 1970 A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 1970, Sojojin Fotigal da ke zaune a makwabciyar kasar Portugal Guinea, tare da taimakon ‘yan adawar Guinea, suka aiwatar da Operation Green Sea, wani gagarumin hari kan Conakry da nufin cimma wasu manufofin soja da siyasa, gami da‘ yantar da POWs na Portugal da yunkurin don kifar da gwamnatin Touré. Sun kame Sansanin Boiro kuma sun 'yantar da fursunonin. Babban kwamandan sansanin Siaka Touré ya yi nasarar buya, amma an kama Janar Lansana Diané, Ministan Tsaro. Daga baya ya tsere kuma ya nemi mafaka tare da jakadan Algeria. Yunkurin juyin mulkin bai yi nasara ba, kuma a bayan haka an tara masu adawa da gwamnatin da yawa kuma aka saka su a kurkuku a Sansanin Boiro. A ranar 23 ga Disamba 1970, aka kama Bishop na Conakry, Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo, kuma daga baya ya yi “furci”. Tchidimbo daga baya ya rubuta littafi game da shekaru 8, watanni 8 da ya yi a sansanin. Alassane Diop, wanda asalinsa dan kasar Senegal ne, tsohon Ministan Yada Labarai a Guinea an kama shi kuma an tsare shi a Sansanin Boiro na tsawon shekaru goma, yana komawa Senegal bayan sake shi.
An bai wa fursunonin abinci kadan ban da guntun burodi kwatankwacin kwalin ashana da safe, da kuma lada na shinkafa a fili wacce aka dafa a cikin ruwa mai datti da yamma. Babu wani nama sai ranakun da Touré ke yin wasu sadaukarwa. Daga watan Janairun 1971 kwamitin juyin juya hali karkashin jagorancin Ismaël Touré, kani ga Sékou Touré kuma ministan Tattalin Arziki. An sanya wasu fursunoni a kan "abincin baki", ma'ana ba abinci ko ruwa har sai sun mutu. Fursunoni za su iya nuna jaruntaka kawai ta hanyar kin yin ikirari yayin zaman azabtarwa, da kuma kin rokon abinci lokacin da aka sanya su a kan bakar abincin. An rataye Loffo Camara, tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Jiha na Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, a 25 ga Janairun 1971, mace daya tilo da aka kashe a lokacin. A cewar El Hadj Ibrahima Diane, fursuna na tsawon shekaru, daga watan Yunin 1972 har zuwa watan Agusta 1973 aƙalla an ɗauki gawawwaki huɗu daga ɗakunan kowace rana kuma aka jefa su cikin manyan kaburbura a bayan gidan yarin.
A shekarar 1975, Faransa ta amince ta maido da huldar jakadanci bayan an saki fursunonin Faransa daga sansanin. Wannan ya rage matsin lamba akan Touré. Littafin Prison D'Afrique na Jean-Paul Alata, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin, an hana shi bugawa a Faransa kuma dole ne a buga shi a Belgium. Arin tsare-tsare ya biyo bayan shekaru masu zuwa. Diallo Telli sanannen ɗan siyasa ne, mai biyayya ga tsarin mulki, kuma tsohon Sakatare Janar na Kungiyar Hadin Kan Afirka (OAU). Ya koma Guinea a 1972 kuma aka nada shi Ministan Shari'a. A ranar 18 ga Yulin 1976, Diallo Telli aka kama shi a gidansa kuma aka tsare shi a Sassanin Boiro. A watan Fabrairun 1977 aka kawar da fitattun fursunoni biyar ta hanyar cin abincin baƙar fata: Diallo Telli, tsoffin ministoci Barry Alpha Oumar da Dramé Alioune, da hafsoshin soja Diallo Alhassana da Kouyate Laminé. A wata mai zuwa wasu mutane biyar suka mutu saboda yunwa.
Kamawa da mutuwa suka ci gaba. A watan Agusta 1979 Bah Mamadou, ɗan asalin ƙasar Labé da ya ƙaura zuwa Faransa, ya dawo don ziyarci iyalinsa. Da ya shigo ƙasar daga Senegal, an kama duk waɗanda ke cikin motarsa kuma aka ɗaure su a Sassanin Boiro. Takwas daga cikin matafiyan duk banda Bah Mahmud da kansa sun mutu daga baƙar fata a cikin wata ɗaya. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1983 gwamnati ta sanar da cewa sun gano wata makarkashiya ta zagon kasa ga taron OAU da aka shirya gudanarwa a Conakry shekara mai zuwa. An tsare mutane tamanin da ɗaya a Sassanin Boiro.
Legacy Bayan mutuwar Sékou Touré a shekara ta 1984, sojoji sun karɓi mulki a juyin mulki kuma suka saki yawancin fursunonin siyasa a Sassanin Boiro. Da yawa daga cikin shugabannin tsohuwar gwamnatin an tsare su, sannan daga baya aka kashe su. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ƙungiyar waɗanda aka Ci zarafinsu na Sassanin Boiro sun yi gwagwarmaya tsawon shekaru don kula da abin da ya faru. Majalisar ministocin ta fitar da sanarwa a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1991 don gyaran sansanin da gina abin tunawa ga duk wadanda abin ya shafa, amma ba wani mataki da ya biyo baya. An hana ƙungiyar ta kafa gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin tsohon sansanin. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2007, Bobo Dieng, wani tsohon babban jami'i a gwamnatin ta Touré, ya bayyana cewa mutane 117 ne kawai suka mutu a sansanin. Sai a shekarar 2009 ne shugaban rikon kwarya Moussa Dadis Camara ya gana da mambobin kungiyar.A waccan shekarar, aka fara rusa gine-ginen sansanin, amma ba a san ko za a kafa wani abin tunawa ba. Ya zuwa shekarar 2010, babu wani kwamitin bincike, kuma duk wasu takardu game da sansanin ba za a iya shiga ba ko kuma an lalata su.
Manazarta
Littattafan da aka ambata
Kara karantawa
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Camp Boiro Memorial
Fina-finai La danse avec l'aveugle. 1978
Allah Tantou (God's Will) |
50203 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuma%20Monou | Fuma Monou | fuma monou(Japanese: Hepburn),ankuma rbuta Fuma monou,Mai zane ya ƙirƙiro halin juzu'i a clamp aka bayyanar alokacin manga gim X.Fuma yafitu ayaro matashi da abokinsa protagonist kamui shiro.Duk dahaka,yawan haduwarsa da kamui da karfin fawa yasa shi sannan yasa shi habaka chanjin- jini Mai sanyi,wanene yashiga dragons na duniya,kawar da dan Adam a duniya
Ƙirƙira da haɓakawa Ƙungiyar Mangaka Clamp ta ƙirƙiri manga X bayan editan su, Aoki, sun ga wani zane da ya shafi Fuma Monou da babban hali Kamui Shiro Fuma ya sha bamban da sigarsa ta ƙarshe: matashi mai fara'a wanda daga baya ya bayyana a cikin manga a matsayin Keiichi Segawa, ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban manyan makarantu na Kamui. A farkon silsilar, Marubuciya ta Clamp Nanase Ohkawa ta gaya wa ƴan uwanta masu fasaha game da canjin Fuma a nan gaba ya zama ɗan iska. Ohkawa ta yi amfani da ra'ayoyin Kamui da Fuma da take da su a lokacin makarantar sakandare, kamar yanayin mutum biyu da yadda za a iya ɗaukar mutane nagari ko mugu.Kamui ya sadu da babban jarumin Babila na Tokyo Subaru Sumeragi, wanda kishiyoyinsa da Seishiro Sakurazuka yayi daidai da kishiyar Kamui da Fuma. Clamp da ake kira Kamui da Subaru a matsayin 'yan'uwa;Ya kamata Kamui ya koyi darasi daga yakin karshe da Subaru ya yi da Seishiro, don haka kuma yakinsa na karshe da Fuma ba shi da irin wannan mummunan karshe.
Canji na Fuma daga hali mai goyan baya zuwa babban mugu yana da wahala ga Clamp, tunda 'yar uwarsa Kotori Monou za ta mutu yayin wannan canji. Sun gabatar da Fuma da Kotori sama da juzu'i takwas saboda ta'addancin labarin,har ma masu karatu da ba su son Kotori sun nuna alhinin mutuwarta. Tun da jerin suna da haruffa masu magana da yawa, Fuma zai zama matashi mai shiru; yawancin maganganunsa sun shafi Kamui.A farkon bayyanarsa Fuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin halayen shiru kamar yadda marubutan da kansu suka faɗa saboda da kyar yake tattaunawa kawai lokacin da ya shafi 'yar uwarsa da Kamui,wanda hakan ya sa su sa ido ga canjin sa zuwa mugu. Fuma ya kashe 'yar uwarsa wanna yana daya daga cikin mafi munin al'amuran Clamp.Sun dage,duk da adawar edita, domin sun riga sun hango hakan a daya daga cikin mafarkin Kamui.Kisan Fuma na Daisuke Saiki shima ya sha adawa saboda tashin hankalinsa, amma editocin sun yanke shawara tare dogaro da martanin masu karatu.
Mawallafin mawaƙa Mokona yana jin cewa Fuma shine hali mafi wuyar zanawa, tun da sun sanya shi kama da wasu haruffa kamar Kusanagi Shiyū lokacin da Yuzuriha Nekoi ya gan shi. Clamp ya kauce wa ra'ayin Seiichiro Aoki (wani hali bisa ga editan su) haduwa da Fuma, tun da za a tilasta musu yin Fuma androgynous. Mawaƙin nan Satsuki Igarashi ya sami zana Dodanni na sama da ƙasa a lokaci guda da wahala saboda suturar ɗaiɗaikun da suke da ita, wanda hakan ya sa ta yi fatan su sa kaya iri ɗaya A cikin fim ɗin Jafananci X, Ken Narita ya bayyana Fuma a cikin Jafananci da Adam Henderson a Turanci; Junichi Suwabe ne ya bayyana wannan hali a cikin jerin talabijin. Suwabe ya samu furucin Fuma Wanda ya ke da wuya saboda halinsa guda biyu: iri daya, dayan kuma mai sanyin zuciya.Ya kuma lura cewa manga X ya shahara sosai a Japan, kuma yana so ya cika tsammanin masu sauraro. Suwabe ya yi abota da jarumin Kamui, Kenichi Suzumura,a lokacin da yake nadar anime. Crispin Freeman ya maye gurbin Suwabe don Turanci dub na jerin talabijin. A cikin Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle OVAs, Yuji Kishi ne ya furta Fuma a cikin Jafananci da kuma Joel McDonald a Turanci. Kishi ya auri yar wasan murya Mika Kikuchi, wacce ta buga Mokona Modoki a Tsubasa, a cikin shekara ta 2009;An yi shagali tare da misalan Fuma ta auri Mokona.
Halaye da jigogi Fuma dalibin sakandire ne kuma shine wanda ya yi abota da Kamui tare da yayarsa Kotori lokacin suna yara. Duk da rashin nuna wata baiwa kamar fitattun jarumai na jerin,Fuma ya tsallake shingen sihiri wanda Sorata Arisugawa ya kirkira don mamakin kansa. Ba da daɗewa ba asirin abubuwan da ke cikin rawar Fuma a cikin Armageddon mai zuwa sun bayyana a fili lokacin da Nataku ya kashe mahaifinsa kuma ya yi amfani da dakarunsa na ƙarshe don gaya masa shi "tauraron tagwaye" na Kamui ne, yayin da mace mai iya ganin nan gaba ta umurce shi da kashe shi idan yana so ya ceci 'yar uwarsa. Fuma yana da sabani game da waɗannan saƙonnin yayin da har yanzu yana riƙe da haɗin gwiwa ga abokinsa har lokacin ƙuruciyarsu inda ya kasance yana ganin Kamui a matsayin yaro marar laifi. Koyaya,Fuma yana haɓaka kudadensa sa loka Fuma ya canza ba zato ba tsammani ya zama mutum mai bakin ciki wanda ya azabtar da Kamui kuma ya kashe 'yar uwarsa. Wannan sabon Fuma yana tare da Kanoe da Dodanni na Duniya domin cimma manufar halaka bil'adama.
Kamar yadda Kamui ya ɓoye, Fuma yana haɓaka sha'awar biyan bukatun wasu.Duk da tashin hankalin da ya aikata,Fuma yana yin murmushi mai daɗi. A lokacin da ya aikata kisan kare dangi, Fuma mai tausayine har yanzu ya kasance a ɓoye yayin da ya sadu da wata yarinya kuma ya gargade ta da ta bar garin tare da mahaifiyarta yayin da yake shirin haifar da girgizar kasa da za ta lalata birnin. Ita kanta Kanoe tana tsoron Fuma ta kasa gane mene ne sha'awarsa ko kuma ainihin sonsa. Bayan mutuwar daya daga cikin abokansa, Seishiro Sakurazuka, Fuma ya bayyana nasa falsafa game da sha'awarsa; Idan mutum ya rasa nufinsa na rayuwa,da kansa zai kashe shi da ya kasance da muhimmanci a gare shi ya nuna yadda dangantakar da ke tsakanin su biyu take da muhimmanci. A cikin surori na gaba,halin Fuma ya zama abin ruɗawa ga abokan gabansa yayin da ya kashe abokinsa Nataku wanda ya ƙaunace shi sosai ga Fuma. A sakamakon haka, an lura cewa Fuma's alterego da kansa ba ya jin dadin ayyukansa na tashin hankali ko burin Dodanni na Duniya na kawar da bil'adama.
Bayyanuwa
A cikin manga X An gabatar da Fuma a cikin X manga a matsayin matashi mai kirki, mai taushin haline sanan yanada nutsuwa mai tsoratar da takwarorinsa. Yana taimakon mahaifinsa, Kyogo; dotes akan kanwarsa, Kotori, kuma ya yi fice a wasannin manyan makarantu. Fuma da Kotori sun kasance abokai na yara na Kamui Shiro, wanda ya so ya auri Kotori. Kamar yadda matashin Kamui ya yi alkawarin kare Kotori, Fuma ya yi alkawarin kare shi. Daga baya Kamui ya bar Tokyo ya zama mai laifi; Mahaifiyar Fuma da Kotori ta mutu, inda suka kera makamin da aka fi sani da Takobin Tsarkaka wanda Kyogo ke boyewa Lokacin da Kamui ya koma birni yana matashi, cyborg Nataku ya kai hari Kyogo kuma ya sace Takobin Tsarkakewa; Mahaifin Fuma da ke mutuwa ya gaya masa cewa tauraruwar Kamui ce. Bayan haka, innar Kamui ta mutu, ta ƙirƙiri wani takobi mai tsarki kamar mahaifiyar Fuma. Bayan haka,an zaɓi Kamui a matsayin memba na Dodanni na Sama, ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin ceton ɗan adam. Wannan ta atomatik yana haifar da tilasta Fuma ya zama Dragon na Duniya, yana kai hari kan Kamui kuma ya kashe Kotori tare da sababbin iko da Takobin Tsarkakewa na biyu. Yayin da Dodanni na Duniya suka sake haduwa da Fuma, Nataku ya dawo da Takobin Tsarkakewa. Dukansu Fuma da Kamui suna rufe takuba masu tsarki har zuwa ranar da Armageddon ya fara.
Sabuwar Fuma ta lalata yankunan birnin tare da sauran Dodanni na Duniya, kuma yana tunatar da duk wanda ya gan shi mutumin da ya fi damuwa da shi. Bayan ya canza shi zuwa Dragon na Duniya, Fuma yana nufin kansa a matsayin "Kamui"Fuma,a matsayin Kamui na Dodanni na Duniya, yana iya fahimtar tunanin wasu. Duk da haka, yana ba da karfingwiwa ga jaruman da yake hulɗa da su, wanda sau da yawa yakan kai ga mutuwarsu ko na ƙaunatattunsu. Yayin da yake kashe abokan gabansa, Fuma ya yi baƙin ciki don gaskiyar cewa ’yan Adam suna son su mutu domin wasu maimakon su rayu. Bayan lalata yawancin Tokyo tare da katanga guda ɗaya da har yanzu ba ta ƙare ba, Kamui ya sake cin karo da shi. Fuma ta gaya masa cewa Kamui ba zai taba kayar da shi ba, sai dai in ya gano ainihin burinsa, kuma ya gaya wa Kakyo da Subaru cewa Kamui ne kawai zai iya biyan bukatarsa. Yasake dawo da ɗayan Takobin Tsarkaka, Fuma yasake fuskantar Kamui a karo na ƙarshe yayin da jerin ke ci gaba da tsayawa.
Sauran bayyanar A cikin fim ɗin 1996, halin Fuma ya bambanta. Lokacin da Kamui ya dawo Tokyo, Fuma yana bin Dodanni na Duniya lokacin da suka sace Kotori. Ya hadu da wata mata mai suna Kanoe tana son daukar shi zuwa Dodanni na Duniya. Daga Kanoe, Fuma ya fahimci cewa shi kishiyar Kamui ne kuma dole ne ya fuskance shi don ya lalata bil'adama, Fuma ya canza zuwa mummunan halinsa.Duk da haka, Fuma kuma yana kashe Kotori da yawancin dodanni na Duniya don ɗaukar takobinsa mai tsarki.Kamui ya fille kansa da takobinsa mai alfarma a kusa da karshen fim din; aKuka ya ke kan gawar Fuma ya dafe kansa da ya yanke yana mamakin dalilin da ya sa bala'i ya same shi.
A cikin jerin talabijin na anime, Fuma ya zama Kamui kamar a cikin manga amma ayyukansa na ƙarshe sun bambanta;Ya dauki Arashi Kishū a cikin dodanni na Duniya don ya kashe Kamui kamar yadda masoyinta, Dragon of Heaven Sorata Arisugawa, an ƙaddara ya mutu yana kare Kamui.A ƙarshe, Sorata ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa don kare Arashi daga Fuma kuma ya ƙone yawancin jikinsa. Wanda aka ji masa rauni, Fuma ya sha neman Nataku domin ya warke daga raunukan da ya samu.Ya tsira a wasansa da Kamui,kuma ya doke shi. Wani Kamui da ya ji rauni ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa don ƙirƙirar shinge wanda zai dawo da tsohon halin abokinsa. Bugu da ƙari ga manga da anime, Fuma wani hali ne mai kunnawa a cikin X: Unmei no Sentaku, wasanni na bidiyo dangane da jerin.
Madadin Fuma yana bayyana a cikin Tsubasa: Tafsirin Tarihi Fuma ƙani ne na Seishiro, mafarauci kuma shugaban mutane ne a Hasumiyar Tokyo Ya isa Tokyo shekaru hudu da suka gabata tare da gashin tsuntsu daga wata yarinya, Sakura Fuma ya kan yi fada da Kamui a Tokyo, kuma su ne manyan mayaka a yankin. Aboki ne na mayya Yuko Ichihara, wanda ya dawo da abubuwa lokacin da yake tafiya zuwa wasu nau'i. Fuma ya bayyana a cikin Kasar Japan don ba abokin Sakura, Kurogane, hannu na robot yayin aiki ga Yūko. Fuma ya ci karo da jerin protagonist Syaoran, sanin cewa ya fi ƙarfin Seishiro ya horar da shi; sai dai ba a san sakamakon yakin ba. Ya sake bayyana a cikin juyin juya halin Tsubasa World Chronicle akan manufa don isar da maye gurbin hannun Kurogane.
liyafa Mahimman martani ga Fuma an fara gauraya shi, tare da Mike Krandol Anime News Network ya kira shi "mai ban tsoro". Mike Crandol ya ji cewa Fuma ba shi da fara'a ko da a matsayin mai adawa, musamman lokacin da sauran jerin abubuwan suka fi jan hankali. Andy Hanley na Birtaniya Anime Network ya ce Fuma ya lura cewa farkon yanayin a cikin jerin shine babban abin da zai iya hango shi wanda zai haɗa shi da Kamui duk da cewa ba shi da mahimmanci a farko don jin daɗin labarin. Idan aka kwatanta da fim ɗin X na farko, Zac Bertschy na ANN ya ce sauyin da Fuma ya yi a cikin jerin 'muguwar dabi'a ya fi dacewa a cikin jerin talabijin. A cikin wani bayyani,Carl Kimlinger ya yarda game da sauye-sauyen Fuma zuwa cikin mugu wanda aka sani da "Shadow Kamui". Game da manga, Shaenon K. Garrity na ANN ya kira canjin Fuma zuwa Kamui na Duniya ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun rubutattun lokacin Clamp a cikin wuraren aiki da shojo manga gabaɗaya. Garrity ya kira shi "Sample Badass Moment" da kuma kisan da Fuma ya yi wa 'yar uwarsa "ya rikice". Jason Thompson ya sami sauyin Fuma ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun makircin maƙarƙashiya, kama da waɗanda ke cikin RG Veda da Tokyo Babylon Wani mai bitar labarai na Manga ya ji daɗin hulɗar halayyar da Seishiro yayin da suka zama abokai sannan da suke haddasa girgizar ƙasa. Crispin Freeman ya yaba da Anime News Network a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasan muryar Ingilishi na X, kamar yadda Junichi Suwabe ya yi kyau.
Baya ga halayen Fuma, sauran masu suka sun mayar da hankali kan dangantakarsa da Kamui.A cikin CLMP a cikin Ma'anar: Nazarin Mahimmanci na Manga da Anime, Dani Cavallaro yayi nazarin yadda ake tafiyar da ayyukan Fuma da Kamui. Duk da cewa su biyun suna daukar irin wannan hanya a yakin da ake yi tsakanin Dodanni, Fuma ya dauki makaminsa ta karfin tuwo kuma danginsa ne suka ba Kamui.An lura da abin da Fuma ya yi a matsayin abin bakin ciki, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban cikas ga Kamui. A yakinsu na karshe a fim din, Fuma ya sha kashi amma har yanzu Kamui yana kula da abokinsa. Masu karatun silsila sun yi mamakin ko Clamp yana nuni ga dangantakar soyayya tsakanin Kamui da Fuma;bisa ga SequentalArt, yawancin hulɗar Fuma tare da Kamui suna da alamun homoerotic. A cikin littafin Understanding Manga da Anime,Robin E.Brenner ya ce Clamp ba shi da irin wannan niyya idan aka kwatanta da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Subaru da Seishiro.
A cikin komawa baya na anime X, Beverdige ya yaba dangantakar Kamui da Fuma;ko da yake sauran simintin ya kasance kamar su, kaɗan ne za su sa masu sauraro su yi watsi da rikicin da ke tsakanin manyan jaruman biyu. Masu suka da yawa sun sami alaƙar su ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a cikin fim ɗin Rintaro na 1996. Chris Beveridge na Mania Entertainment ya yaba yakin karshe na Kamui da Fuma a cikin jerin talabijin, tare da "matakin nasa na bakin ciki da bala'i." A waje da jerin X, ANN ya kira kula da sabis na fan haruffa X.
Nassoshi Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
40624 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawayen%20Boko%20Haram%2C%202009 | Tawayen Boko Haram, 2009 | Rikicin Boko Haram na 2009 rikici ne tsakanin Boko Haram, kungiyar masu kaifin kishin Islama, da jami'an tsaron Najeriya.
Tarihi Rikicin da ya ɓarke a jihohi da dama a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane fiye da 1,000, tare da kashe kusan 700 a birnin Maiduguri kaɗai, a cewar wani jami'in soji. Wani bincike da gwamnati ta gudanar ya gano cewa, yayin da aka daɗe ana takun saƙa tsakanin ƴan Boko Haram da jami’an tsaron Najeriya, abin da ya haddasa rikicin ya samo asali ne daga wata arangama da wasu gungun ƴan ƙungiyar suka yi da jami’an haraji na haɗin gwiwa da ke unguwar gadar Gamboru kwastam a yankin, birnin Maiduguri. Ƴan Boko Haram ɗin na kan hanyarsu ne domin binne ɗaya daga cikin mambobinsu a makabartar Gwange. Jami’ai, a wani mataki na musamman na daƙile tashe-tashen hankula da yawaitar miyagun laifuka a jihar Borno, sun buƙaci matasan (yan boko haram), da su bi dokar da ta tanadi fasinjojin babura na su sanya hular kwano. Sun ki yarda, kuma a arangamar da ta biyo baya, ƴan sanda sun harbe wasu da dama daga cikin mutanen. A cewar rahotannin farko da aka samu daga kafafen yaɗa labarai, rikicin ya fara ne a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli lokacin da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a ofishin ƴan sanda a jihar Bauchi. An yi arangama tsakanin ƴan bindiga da rundunar ‘yan sandan Najeriya a Kano, Yobe da kuma Borno jim kaɗan. Sai dai shugaban ƙasa (na lokacin) Umaru 'Yar'aduwa ya yi sabani kan wannan lamari, inda ya ce jami'an tsaron gwamnati ne suka fara kai hari.
Kisan shugaban ƙungiyar
Sojojin Najeriya sun kewaye gidan Ustaz Mohammed Yusuf, wanda ya kafa kuma jagoran ƙungiyar Boko Haram tun 2002, a Maiduguri a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli bayan da mabiyansa suka yi wa kansu shinge. A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli ne sojoji suka kama Yusuf tare da miƙa shi hannun ƴan sanda. A takaice dai sun kashe shi a bainar jama'a a wajen hedikwatar 'yan sanda.
Islam Online ta nuna cewa siyasa ce ta haddasa tashin hankalin ba addini ba. An kashe mutane irin su Fasto Kirista George Orjih. Kafin wannan arangama, da yawa daga cikin shugabannin musulmin yankin da aƙalla jami’in soja ɗaya sun gargaɗi hukumomin Najeriya game da ƙungiyar Boko Haram. An yi “kunnen uwar shegu” da waɗannan gargaɗin.
Bauchi, Jihar Bauchi A ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, sama da mutane 50 ne suka mutu, wasu da dama kuma suka jikkata a Bauchi, yayin da wata gobara ta tashi a yayin da wasu ƴan ƙungiyar Boko Haram su 70 a Najeriya suka kai wa ofishin ƴan sanda hari, waɗanda ke ɗauke da gurneti da kananan makamai. An kashe sojan gwamnati daya da mayakan Boko Haram 32 bayan harin farko da aka kai. Gwamnati ta ce an kashe 'yan ta'adda 39, kuma ta tabbatar da mutuwar soja guda ɗaya. Kungiyar Boko Haram ce ta fara kai harin bayan ‘yan sanda sun tsare shugabanninsu. Jami’an tsaro sun yi ramuwar gayya ta hanyar kai samame a unguwannin da ‘yan kungiyar suka jibge.
Isa Yuguda, Gwamnan Jihar Bauchi, ya yi tsokaci: “Mun riga mun fatattaki ‘yan bindigar. In ba haka ba da lamarin ya yi muni. Ina kira ga ɗaukacin al’ummar Bauchi da su kwantar da hankalinsu kuma su sani anriga da an shawo kan lamarin.”
Gwamna Yugudan ya ayyana dokar hana fita da daddare, kuma ƴan sanda sun ci gaba da Sa ido don ganin an kiyaye dokar. Kasuwanci a wuraren na cigaba da gudana a yankin.
Maiduguri, Jihar Borno A watan Yulin 2009, kafafen yaɗa labarai sun ruwaito cewa an gano gawarwaki 100 a gefen hedikwatar ƴan sanda a Maiduguri. Ɗaruruwan mutane ne ke barin gidajensu domin gujewa tashin hankalin. An samu labarin fasa gidan yarin, amma ba a tabbatar da faruwar hakan ba. Gawarwakin farar hula da dama birjik a titunan birnin; Waɗanda suka shaida lamarin sun ce an harbe su ne bayan an ciro su daga cikin motocinsu. Sojojin da ƴan sandan ƙasa duk sun yi sintiri da harbi kan waɗanda ake zargi. A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli ne aka ce sojojin sun kai farmaki a harabar shugaban ƙungiyar Mohammed Yusuf da wani masallaci da mabiyansa ke amfani da shi a Maiduguri babban birnin jihar Borno. Sojoji sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a gidan Mohammed Yusuf da ke cikin birnin bayan da mabiyan sa suka yi wa kansu shinge. An yi ta harbe-harbe a faɗin birnin. A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli ne jami’an tsaron Najeriya suka kashe mayakan Boko Haram 100 a wani faɗa a Maiduguri. Jami'an tsaro sun abka cikin wani masallaci da ƴan ta'adda suka mamaye, inda suka yi ta harbin bindiga a ciki. A wani labarin kuma jami’an soji da na ƴan sanda sun yi artabu da ƴan bindiga gida-gida. Da farko dai an bayyana cewa an kashe mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar Boko Haram Abubakar Shekau, amma daga baya aka ce yana raye. An kuma kashe ƴan sandan Najeriya. Bayan da gwamnati ta ayyana neman a kawo tsaro a Maidguri, sojojin Najeriya sun fara kafa shingaye domin yin luguden wuta a sauran wuraren da yan ta'addan suka rage.
A ranar 30 ga watan Yuli ne sojoji suka kama Yusuf tare da miƙa shi ga ‘yan sanda a hedikwatar ‘yan sanda da ke Maiduguri. Jami’an ƴan sanda sun yi wa Yusuf kisan gilla a cikin harabar gidan, kuma a bainar jama’a. Da farko dai jami’an ƴan sanda sun yi iƙirarin cewa ko dai an harbe Yusuf ne a lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin tserewa ko kuma ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a yayin artabun sa da sojoji. Rundunar ƴan sandan ta kuma kashe wasu da ake zargin ‘yan Boko Haram da suka haɗa da surukin Yusuf a wajen hedikwatar ƴan sandan.
A ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, an gano wasu mata da yara da Boko Haram suka sace a kulle a wani gida a Maiduguri. Sojojin sun ce an kashe mutane 700 a Maiduguri yayin arangamar. Daga baya ƙungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta ce ta kwashe gawarwaki 780 daga titunan birnin domin binne su a kaburbura.
Potiskum, Jihar Yobe An shafe sa'o'i da dama ana gwabza faɗa a garin Potiskum. Mayakan na Boko Haram sun kona ofishin ƴan sanda ta hanyar amfani da babura ɗauke da mai. Kuma ofishin ƴan sandan ya ƙone kurmus, a sakamakon haka, an kashe jami’in ɗan sanda da jami’in kashe gobara. Ƴan sanda sun yi artabu da mayakan tare da jikkata wasu da dama daga cikinsu. Harwayau ƴan sanda sun kama mayaka 23 bayan yaƙin. A cewar majiyoyin Najeriya, an kashe mayakan Boko Haram 43 a wani harbi da aka yi a kusa da birnin a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli.
Wudil, Jihar Kano An kashe mutane uku a wani hari da aka kai a Wudil, kuma jami’an ƴan sanda sun kama fiye da 33. An jikkata babban jami’in ‘yan sanda na Wudil.
Duba kuma Fasa Gidan Yarin Bauchi a Jihar Bauchi
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Al Jazeera (9 Fabrairu 2010), Bidiyo ya nuna 'kisa' a Najeriya
Baldauf, Scott (29 ga Yuli, 2009), "Sojojin Najeriya sun shiga kan masu tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama", Christian Science Monitor
Human Rights Watch (2012), Tashin hankali: Hare-haren Boko Haram da cin zarafin Jami'an Tsaro a Najeriya, 11 Oktoba 2012
Murtada, Ahmad (2013), Boko Haram: Farko, Ka'idoji da Ayyukanta a Najeriya, Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci, Jami'ar Bayero, Kano, Nigeria
2009 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya
Boko |
21743 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic%20Golden%20Age | Islamic Golden Age | Zamanin Zinare na Islama (Larabci: romanized: al-'asr al-dhahabi lil-islam),wani zamani ne na al'adu, tattalin arziki, da kimiyya a cikin tarihin musulunci, wanda aka saba tun daga karni na 8 zuwa karni na A bisa ga al’ada an fahimci cewa wannan lokacin ya fara ne a zamanin halifan Abbasawan Harun al-Rashid (786 zuwa 809) tare da buɗe Gidan Hikima a Baghdad,birni mafi girma a duniya a lokacin,inda malaman addinin Islama da polymaths daga sassa daban-daban.na duniya da ke da al'adu daban-daban an wajabta su tattara da kuma fassara duk sanannun ilimin gargajiya na duniya zuwa Syriac da Larabci. al’adance an ce lokacin ya ƙare tare da rugujewar khalifancin Abbasiyya saboda mamayar Mongol da Kewayen Baghdad a shekarar alif 1258. Wasu scholarsan malamai sun ba da ƙarshen zamanin zinariya kusan 1350 wanda ke alaƙa da Renaissance na Timur yayin da masana tarihi da masana da yawa na zamani suka sanya ƙarshen Zamanin Zamanin Islama har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 zuwa 16 da suka hadu da zamanin Bindiga na Musulunci.(Zamanin daular Musulunci yana da kamanni sosai idan ba iri daya ba, inda wata majiya ta bayyana shi a matsayin 900-1300 CE). Abubuwan da ke ciki Tarihin dabaru Dalilin
2.1 Tasirin addini
2.2 Tallafin Gwamnati
2.3 Gudummawa iri-iri
2.4 Sabon fasaha
3 Ilimi
4 Doka
5 Tiyoloji
6 Falsafa
6.1 Tsarin Jari
6.2 Epistemology
7 Lissafi
7.1 Algebra
7.2 Geometry
7.3 Trigonometry
7.4 Lissafi
8 Kimiyyar Halittu
8.1 Hanyar kimiyya
8.2 Falaki
8.3 Kimiyyar lissafi
8.4 Chemistry
8.5 Geodesy
8.6 Ilimin halittu
9 Injiniya
10 Ilimin zamantakewa
11 Kiwon lafiya
11.1 Asibitoci
11.2 Pharmacy
11.3 Magunguna
11.4 Yin tiyata
12 Kasuwanci da tafiya
12.1 Noma
13 Arts da al'adu
13.1 Adabi da waka
13.2 Art
13.3 Kiɗa
13.3.1 Masu tunani da polymaths na Asiya ta Tsakiya da Larabawa suna mai da hankali kan kiɗa
13.4 Gine-gine
14 Ragewa
14.1 Ragewa
14.2 Tattalin Arziki
14.3 Al'adu
15 Duba kuma
16 Bayanan kula
17 Nassoshi
18 Kara karantawa
19 Hanyoyin waje
Tarihin dabaru Fadada Kalifofi, 622-750 Fadada a karkashin Muhammad, 622-632 Fadada yayin daular Rashidun, 632-661 Fadada yayin daular Umayyawa, 661-750
An fara amfani da kwatancen zamanin zinare a cikin littattafan ƙarni na 19 game da tarihin Islama, a cikin yanayin yanayin kyawawan halaye na yamma waɗanda ake kira Orientalism. Marubucin Littafin Jagora don Matafiya a Siriya da Falasdinu a 1868 ya lura cewa mafi kyawun masallatan Dimashƙu sun kasance "kamar Mohammedanism kanta, yanzu yana saurin lalacewa" da abubuwan tarihi na "zamanin zinariya na Islama Babu cikakkiyar ma'anar kalmar, kuma ya danganta da ko ana amfani da shi tare da mai da hankali kan al'adu ko cimma nasarar soja, ana iya ɗauka don yin nuni zuwa ga ɓarna tsakanin lokacin. Don haka, marubuci na ƙarni na 19 zai so ya ƙara tsawon lokacin halifancin, ko zuwa "ƙarni shida da rabi yayin da wani zai ce ya ƙare bayan 'yan shekaru kaɗan na yaƙin Rashidun, tare da mutuwar Umar da Fitina ta Farko. A farkon karni na 20, ana amfani da kalmar ne kawai lokaci-lokaci kuma galibi ana kiranta da nasarorin soja na farko na khalifofin Rashidun. Ya kasance ne kawai a rabi na biyu na ƙarni na 20 lokacin da aka fara amfani da kalmar tare da kowane irin yanayi, yanzu galibi ana magana ne akan cigaban al'adun kimiyya da lissafi a ƙarƙashin halifofi a lokacin ƙarni na 9 zuwa 11 (tsakanin kafa malanta a cikin Gidan Hikima da farkon yakin jihadi), amma galibi ana fadada shi har ya hada da wani bangare na karshen 8 ko 12 zuwa farkon karni na 13. Ma'anar har yanzu na iya bambanta da yawa. Daidaita ƙarshen zamanin zinariya da ƙarshen khalifofi abu ne mai sauƙi na yankewa dangane da tarihin tarihi, amma ana iya jayayya cewa al'adun Islama sun fara raguwa sannu a hankali da wuri; don haka, Khan (2003) ya nuna zamanin da ya dace na kasancewa ƙarni biyu tsakanin 750 da 950, yana mai cewa farkon asarar yankuna a ƙarƙashin Harun al-Rashid ya taɓarɓare bayan mutuwar al-Ma'mun a shekara ta 833, kuma yaƙin jihadi ne a cikin. Dalilin Tasirin addini Babban Labari: Halayyar Musulunci ga kimiyya Umarnin Alkur'ani daban-daban da Hadisi (ko ayyukan Muhammad), wadanda suke fifita dabi'u kan ilimi da kuma jaddada mahimmancin neman ilimi, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin tasiri ga musulmin wannan zamanin a cikin neman iliminsu da ci gaban jikin kimiyya.
Tallafin gwamnati Daular Musulunci ta kasance mai daukar nauyin malamai. Kudin da aka kashe akan Harkar Fassara don wasu fassarar an kiyasta sun kai kusan biyu na kasafin kudin bincike na shekara shekara na Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta United Kingdom. Mafi shahararrun malamai kuma fitattun masu fassara, kamar su Hunayn ibn Ishaq, suna da albashi wanda aka kiyasta sun yi daidai da kwararrun 'yan wasa a yau. Gidan Hikima dakin karatu ne wanda khalifa al-Mansur ya kafa a zamanin Abbasiyya na Baghdad, Iraki.
Gudummawa iri-iri Manyan labarai: Gudummawar Girka ga duniyar Islama, tasirin Indiya akan kimiyyar Islama, tasirin Kirista a cikin Islama, da tasirin China a kan tukwanen Islama
A wannan lokacin, Musulmai sun nuna babbar sha'awa ga mamaye ilimin kimiyya na wayewar kan da aka ci da yaki. Yawancin ayyukan gargajiya na zamanin dā waɗanda watakila sun ɓace an fassara su daga Girkanci, Syriac, Persian na Tsakiya, da Sanskrit zuwa Syriac da Larabci, wasu daga baya kuma daga baya aka juya su zuwa wasu harsunan kamar Ibrananci da Latin Kiristoci, musamman mabiya Cocin Gabas (Nestorians), sun ba da gudummawa ga wayewar Musulunci a lokacin mulkin Ummayads da Abbasiyawa ta hanyar fassara ayyukan masana falsafa na Girka da tsohuwar ilimin kimiyya zuwa Syriac sannan daga baya zuwa Larabci.Sun kuma yi fice a fannoni da yawa, musamman falsafa, kimiyya (kamar Hunayn bin Ishaq, Yusuf Al-Khuri, Al Himsi, Qusta ibn Luqa, Masawaiyh, 27 Eutychius na sarki, da Jabril bn Bukhtishu da tiyoloji. Na dogon lokaci likitocin Khalifofin Abbasiyawa galibi Kiristocin Assuriya ne. Daga cikin mashahuran dangin Krista da suka yi aiki a matsayin likitoci ga khalifofi sun hada da daular Bukhtishu.Likitan kirista Hunayn ibn Ishaq ya jagoranci gidan Hikima.A cikin ƙarni na 4 zuwa 7, aikin malanta na Kirista a cikin Hellenanci da Syriac ya kasance sabon fassara ne ko kuma an adana shi tun zamanin Helenawa. Daga cikin shahararrun cibiyoyin ilmantarwa da yada hikimomin gargajiya akwai kwalejojin Kirista kamar Makarantar Nisibis] da Makarantar Edessa,cibiyar koyar da arna a Harran, da mashahurin asibiti da makarantar koyon aikin likita. na Jundishapur, wanda ya kasance cibiyar ilimi, tauhidi da kimiyya na Cocin na Gabas. Gidan Hikima an kafa shi a Baghdad a cikin 825, wanda aka tsara shi da Makarantar Koyon Kasuwancin Gondishapur. Likitan kirista Hunayn ibn Ishaq ne ya jagorance ta, tare da tallafin maganin Rumawa. Yawancin ayyukan falsafa da kimiyya masu mahimmanci na tsohuwar duniyar aka fassara, gami da aikin Galen, Hippocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy da Archimedes. Yawancin malamai na gidan Hikima sun kasance asalin Krista ne. Daga cikin kasashe da al'adu daban-daban da aka ci nasara ta hanyar yaƙe-yaƙe na Musulunci a jere, ƙwararrun masanan kimiyya sun samo asali ne daga Farisa, waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ƙwarai wajen bunƙasa ilimin kimiyya na zamanin Zamanin Islama. A cewar Bernard Lewis: "A al'adance, a siyasance, kuma mafi birgewa har ma ta fuskar addini, gudummawar mutanen Farisa ga wannan sabon wayewar ta Musulunci na da matukar muhimmanci. Ana iya ganin aikin Iraniyawa a kowane fanni na al'adu, gami da wakokin Larabci, zuwa wacce mawaka asalinsu Iraniyawa suke tsara wakokinsu cikin larabci sun bayar da gagarumar gudummawa.
Sabuwar fasaha Wani rubutu wanda aka rubuta akan takarda yayin zamanin Abbasiyyawa. Tare da sabon tsarin rubutu mai sauki da sauki, da kuma gabatar da takarda, bayanai sun kasance masu dimokiradiyya har ta yadda, mai yiwuwa karo na farko a tarihi, ya zama mai yuwuwar samun rayuwa daga kawai rubutu da sayar da littattafai. Amfani da takarda ya bazu daga China zuwa yankuna Musulmai a ƙarni na takwas, ya isa Al-Andalus a tsibirin Iberia (Spain da Fotigal na zamani) a ƙarni na 10. Ya fi sauƙin kerawa fiye da takarda, wanda ba zai iya fashewa fiye da papyrus ba, kuma zai iya shan tawada, yana mai da wuya a share shi kuma ya dace da adana bayanai. Masu yin takardu na Musulunci sun kirkiro hanyoyin hada-hadar rubuce-rubucen hannu don fitar da fitowar da ta fi duk wacce ake samu a Turai girma tsawon karnoni. Daga wadannan kasashe ne sauran kasashen duniya suka koyi yin takarda daga leda.
Ilimi Karin bayani: Madrasa
Matsakaicin nassi da nazarinsa a cikin al'adun musulunci ya taimaka wajen mayar da ilimi ya zama ginshikin addinin a kusan kowane lokaci da wurare a tarihin Musulunci. Mahimmancin ilmantarwa a cikin al'adar addinin Islama ya bayyana a cikin hadisai da dama da aka danganta ga Muhammad, ciki har da wanda ke umurtar masu aminci da "neman ilimi, har ma a China An ga wannan umarnin da ya shafi malamai musamman, har ma zuwa ga sauran musulmin da yawa, kamar yadda misalin al-Zarnuji ya nuna, "an wajabta ilmantarwa gare mu baki daya Duk da yake ba zai yuwu a kirga yawan karatu da rubutu ba a cikin al'ummomin musulinci kafin zamani, amma kusan a iya cewa sun yi yawa, a kalla idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na Turai. Shirya umarni a cikin Masallacin Al-Azhar na Alkahira ya fara ne a cikin 978 Ilimi zai fara ne tun yana karami tare da karatun larabci da alqurani, ko a gida ko a makarantar firamare, wanda galibi yake hade da masallaci. Wasu daliban za su ci gaba da samun horo a tafsiri (tafsirin Alqur'ani) da fiqhu (fikihun musulunci), wanda ake ganin yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ilimi ya maida hankali kan haddacewa, amma kuma ya horar da daliban da suka ci gaba don su zama masu karatu da marubuta a al'adar sharhi a kan rubutun da aka karanta. Hakanan ya hada da tsarin zamantakewar malamai masu son zama, wadanda suka fito daga kusan dukkanin bangarorin zamantakewa, zuwa cikin malamai. A karnonin farko na Musulunci, tsarin ilimi bai kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba, amma farawa a karni na 11 da 12, manyan masu mulki sun fara kafa cibiyoyin karatun addini da aka fi sani da madrasas a kokarin samun goyon baya da hadin kan malamai. Madrasas ba da daɗewa ba sun yawaita a duk duniyar musulinci, wanda ya taimaka wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin musulunci a bayan biranen birni da kuma haɗa kan al'ummomin musulmai daban-daban a cikin aikin al'adu da aka raba. Duk da haka, koyarwa ta kasance tana mai da hankali kan alaƙar mutum da ɗalibai da malamin su. Tabbacin shaidar samun ilimi, ijaza, wani malami ne ya bayar da shi maimakon cibiyoyin, kuma ya sanya mai shi a cikin tsatson asalin malamai, wanda shine kawai tsarin da aka sani a tsarin ilimi. Yayin da karatun boko a cikin madrasas ya kasance ga maza ne kawai, mata na manyan mashahuran iyalai na birane suna da ilimi koyaushe a kebantattun wurare kuma da yawa daga cikinsu sun samu kuma daga baya sun ba da ijazas a karatun hadisi, rubutun rubutu da karatun waƙa. Mata masu aiki suna koyon rubuce-rubucen addini da dabarun aiki da farko daga juna, kodayake sun sami wasu koyarwa tare da maza a masallatai da gidajen masu zaman kansu. Madrasas sun ba da himma musamman don nazarin shari'a, amma kuma suna ba da wasu fannoni kamar ilimin tauhidi, magani, da lissafi.Hadadden madrasa yawanci ya kunshi masallaci, gidan kwana, da dakin karatu.Wakafi ne ya kula dashi, wanda yake biyan malaman jami'a albashinsu, alawus na dalibai, da kuma yin watsi da kudin gini da gyaran su. Madrasa ta kasance ba kamar ta kwaleji ta zamani ba ta yadda ba ta da ingantaccen tsarin karatu ko tsarin ba da takardar sheda. Musulmai sun bambance ilimin da aka gada daga wayewar jahiliyya, kamar falsafa da magani, wadanda suke kira "ilimin magabata" ko "ilimin hankali", daga ilimin addinin Musulunci, Ilimin kimiyyar na farko ya bunkasa tsawon karnoni da dama, kuma ya yada su ya zama wani bangare na tsarin ilimi a addinin musulunci da na da. A wasu lokuta, cibiyoyi kamar su Gidan Hikima a Baghdad sun tallafa musu, amma galibi ana yada su ne ta hanyar sadarwa daga malami zuwa dalibi.
Jami'ar Al Karaouine, wacce aka kafa a shekara ta alif 859 Miladiyya, tana cikin littafin The Guinness Book Of Records a matsayin tsohuwar jami'ar da ke ba da digiri a duniya Jami'ar Al-Azhar wata tsohuwar madrasa ce wacce yanzu aka amince da ita a matsayin jami'a. Madrasa tana daga cikin kayan tarihin halifancin Fatimiyya. Fatimids sun samo asali ne daga diyar Muhammad Fatimah kuma suka sanya mata sunan ta hanyar amfani da wani nau'I na taken girmamawarta Al-Zahra (mai fasaha). An fara koyar da tsari a cikin Masallacin Al-Azhar a shekarar 978.
Doka Babban Labari: Shari'a Tunani na shari’a ya bunkasa a hankali a cikin dawarorin karatu, inda malamai masu zaman kansu suka hadu don koyo daga maigida na cikin gida da tattauna batutuwan addini.] Da farko, wadannan da'irorin sun kasance suna da ruwa a cikin membobinsu, amma tare da lokaci daban-daban makarantun lauyoyi na yanki aka zana su a kusa da tsarin da aka raba na ka'idoji.Yayin da iyakokin makarantu suka zama a bayyane suke, sai aka sami ikon mallakar ka'idojin koyarwarsu a hannun wani masanin shari'a a zamanin da, wanda daga yanzu aka gano, shi ne wanda ya kafa makarantar. A karnoni ukun farko na musuluinci, duk makarantun lauyoyi sun yarda da shimfidaddun ka'idoji na shari'ar gargajiya, wanda ya zama dole ne shari'ar musuluinci ta kasance mai tushe a cikin Alqur'ani da hadisi, Ka’idar gargajiya ta shari’ar Musulunci ta yi bayani dalla-dalla kan yadda ya kamata a fassara nassoshi ta mahangar ilimin harshe da magana. Hakanan ya kunshi hanyoyi don tabbatar da ingancin hadisi da kuma tantance lokacin da aka shafe ikon shari'a na nassi ta hanyar nassi da aka saukar a wani lokaci na gaba. Baya ga Alqur'ani da sunna, ka'idar ilimin fiqhu na Sunni ta yarda da wasu tushe biyu na shari'a: ijma'i na shari'a da dalilan misalai (qiyas). Don haka yana nazarin aikace-aikace da iyakokin kwatankwacinsu, gami da kimantawa da iyakokin yarjejeniya, tare da wasu ka'idoji, wadanda wasu makarantun shari'a ne kawai ke karbar su. [58] An kawo wannan kayan aikin tawilin ne a karkashin tsarin ijtihadi, wanda yake nuni ga aikin malami a kokarin isa ga hukunci kan wata tambaya takamaimai. [58] Ka'idar fikihun Shi'a goma sha biyu ta yi daidai da ta mazhabobin Sunna da ke da wasu bambance-bambance, kamar yarda da hankali aql) a matsayin madogara ta shari'a a madadin qiyasi da fadada ra'ayin sunna don hada hadisan imamai.Jikin masana shari'ar musulunci masu zaman kansu (muftis) ne suka kirkireshi. Ra'ayoyinsu na fatawa (fatawoyin) sun kasance la'akari da alƙalai da aka nada waɗanda ke jagorantar kotunan ƙāḍī, da kotunan maẓālim, waɗanda majalisar masarautar ke iko da su da kuma zartar da dokar laifi.
Tiyoloji Babban Labari: Tauhidin Musulunci Tauhidin addinin Musulunci na gargajiya ya samo asali ne daga takaddama ta farko ta koyarwar da ta haifar da gwagwarmayar ahl al-hadisi, karkashin jagorancin Ahmad ibn Hanbal, wanda ya dauki Alqur'ani da ingantaccen hadisi a matsayin kawai karbabbun hukuma a al'amuran imani, da Mu'tazilites da sauran hanyoyin ilimin tauhidi. wanda ya inganta koyaswar tiyoloji ta amfani da hanyoyin hankali. A shekara ta alif 833, khalifa al-Ma'mun ya yi kokarin sanya tiyolojin Mu'tazilite a kan dukkan malaman addini kuma ya kafa bincike (mihna), amma kokarin sanya khalifa a rubuce a cikin al'amuran da suka shafi ka'idojin addini daga karshe ya ci tura. [61] Wannan takaddama ta ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da al-Ash'ari (874–936) ya sami tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin Mu'tazilite da rubuce-rubucen Hanbalite, ta amfani da hanyoyin hankali da Mu'tazilites suka gabatar don kare akidun da Ahl al-hadisi ya inganta. Yarjejeniyar adawa tsakanin hankali da rubuce-rubuce ta samo asali ne daga aikin al-Maturidi (dc 944), kuma, kodayake wasu tsirarun malamai sun kasance masu aminci ga akidar ahl al-hadisi na farko, ilimin tauhidin Ash'ari da Maturidi sun mamaye musulunci na Sunni daga karni na 10 akan.
Falsafa Wani rubutun larabci daga karni na 13 wanda ke nuna Socrates (Soqrāt) yana tattaunawa tare da daliban sa Babban Labari: Falsafar Musulunci Ibn Sina (Avicenna) da Ibn Rushd (Averroes) sun taka rawa wajen fassara ayyukan Aristotle, wanda tunaninshi ya zo ya mamaye tunanin mara addini ga duniyar Kiristan da ta Musulmai. A cewar Stanford Encyclopedia of Falsafa, fassarar matanin ilimin falsafa daga Larabci zuwa Latin a Yammacin Turai "ya haifar da sauya kusan dukkanin fannonin ilimin falsafa a duniyar Latin ta da Tasirin masana falsafa na Islama a cikin Turai yana da ƙarfi musamman a falsafar halitta, halayyar mutumtaka da ilimin tauhidi, kodayake hakan ma ya rinjayi nazarin dabaru da ɗabi'a
Metaphysics
Ibn Sina yayi jayayya game da tunaninsa na "Mutumin da ke Shawagi" game da wayewar kai, a inda mutum ya hana kwarewar hankali ta hanyar rufe masa ido da kuma faduwa kyauta zai kasance da sanin wanzuwarsa.
Epistemology A ilimin ilimin halayyar dan adam, Ibn Tufail ya rubuta labari mai suna Hayy ibn Yaqdhan sannan a martanin da Ibn al-Nafis ya rubuta littafin Theologus Autodidactus. Dukansu suna magana ne game da yanayin rayuwar mutum kamar yadda aka haskaka ta rayuwar yaro mai ɓarna kai tsaye wanda aka samar cikin kogo a tsibirin hamada.
Lissafi Babban Labari: Lissafi a cikin Daular Musulunci Algebra Tsarin lissafi: wata hanyar da ke bakin titin Sultan a cikin Masallacin Green Ottoman a Bursa, Turkey (1424), girih madauri ta samar da taurari 10 da pentagons
Masanin lissafi dan kasar Farisa Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa algebra, lissafi da kuma adadi na Hindu-Arabiya. An bayyana shi a matsayin uba ko wanda ya kafa na aljebra Wani masanin ilmin lissafi na Farisa, Omar Khayyam, ana yaba shi da gano tushen ilimin lissafi. Omar Khayyam ya sami cikakken bayani game da yanayin lissafin sukari. Littafinsa mai suna Treatise on Demonstrations of Problems of Algebra (1070), wanda ya shimfida ka'idojin algebra, wani bangare ne na lissafin Farisanci wanda daga karshe aka yada shi zuwa Turai. Har ila yau wani masanin ilmin lissafi dan kasar Farisa, Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, ya samo maganin algebra da adadi ga lamura daban-daban na lissafin sukari. Ya kuma haɓaka tunanin aiki
Geometry Karin bayani: Tsarin alamomin Musulunci Ayyukan fasaha na Islama suna amfani da alamun geometric da alamomi a yawancin fasalolin fasaha, musamman a cikin girih tilings. Ana kirkirar waɗannan ta amfani da saiti na siffofin tayal guda biyar, waɗanda suka hada da kayan ado na yau da kullun, hexagon mai tsayi, kambun baka, rhombus, da pentagon na yau da kullun. Duk bangarorin wadannan tayal din suna da tsayi iri daya; kuma dukkan kusurwoyinsu sun ninka na 36 5 radians), suna ba da riba biyar da goma. An yi ado da fale-falen tare da layin madauri (girih), galibi ya fi bayyane fiye da iyakokin tayal. A shekara ta 2007, masanan kimiyyar lissafi Peter Lu da Paul Steinhardt sun yi gardama cewa girih daga karni na 15 ya yi kama da quasicrystalline Penrose tilings. Ayyukan tayal na aikin kere kere wani yanki ne na musamman a tsarin gine-ginen Morocco. Muqarnas vaults masu girma uku ne amma an tsara su cikin girma biyu tare da zane na ƙwayoyin geometrical.
Tsarin aiki Alwatiran da aka yiwa alama tare da abubuwan da dokokin zunubi ya ƙunsa. Babban birnin A, B da C sune kusurwa, kuma ƙananan ƙananan a, b, c sune gefen da ke gaba da su. (kishiyar A, da sauransu) Ibn ādh al-Jayyānī ɗayan masana ilimin lissafi ne na Islama waɗanda aka jingina musu hukuncin zunubi; ya rubuta Littafinsa na Uncs Arcs of a Sphere a cikin karni na 11. Wannan dabara ta danganta tsayin bangarorin kowane alwatika, maimakon madaidaita murabba'i daya kawai, da sinadarin kusurwoyinta. [79] A cewar doka, displaystyle frac sin A} {a}} frac sin B} {b}} frac sin C} {c}}. frac sin A} {a} frac sin B} {b} frac sin C} {c}.
inda a, b, da c suke tsayin bangarorin alwatika, kuma A, B, da C sune kusurwa kusurwa (duba hoto).
Cididdiga Alhazen ya gano tsarin hada karfi na hudu, ta hanyar amfani da wata hanyar da za'a iya amfani da ita gaba daya wajen tantance kudin ga dukkan wani karfi. Yayi amfani da wannan don gano ƙarar paraboloid. Zai iya nemo tsarin da zai iya amfani da kowane irin abu ba tare da ya kirkiro wata dabara ba
Hanyar kimiyya Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) ya kasance mutum mai mahimmanci a tarihin hanyar kimiyya, musamman ma wajen tsarin gwaji, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "masanin gaskiya na farko na duniya Avicenna ta yi dokoki don gwajin tasirin kwayoyi, gami da cewa sakamakon da kwayar gwajin ta samar ya kamata a gan shi akai-akai ko bayan maimaitawa da yawa, don a kirga shi. Likita Rhazes ya kasance farkon mai ba da shawarar gwajin gwaji kuma ya ba da shawarar amfani da iko don binciken asibiti. Ya ce: "Idan kuna son yin nazarin tasirin zub da jini a kan wani yanayi, sai ku raba marasa lafiya gida biyu, ku yi jini a wani rukuni kawai, ku kalli duka biyun, sannan ku gwada sakamakon."
Falaki Babban labarin: Falaki a cikin Daular Islama
Ma'aurata Tusi
A wajajen 964 AD, masanin Falasdinu Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, yana rubutu a cikin Littafinsa na Kafaffen Taurari, ya bayyana “tabo mai ban tsoro” a cikin taurarin Andromeda, farkon bayanin tabbatacce ga abin da muka sani yanzu shine Andromeda Galaxy, the galaxy mafi kusa da galaxy din mu. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ya kirkiri wata fasahar kere-kere wacce ake kira Tusi-couple, wacce ke samar da layi daga lissafin motsi biyu domin maye gurbin matsalar Ptolemy mai matsala. Ma'auratan Tusi daga baya an yi musu aiki a tsarin ilimin ƙasa na Ibn al-Shatir da samfurin heliocentric na Nicolaus Copernicus [90] kodayake ba a san ko wanene mai shiga tsakani ba ko kuma idan Copernicus ya sake gano dabarar da kansa ba. Sunayen wasu taurari da aka yi amfani da su, gami da Rigel da Vega, har yanzu ana amfani da su.
Jiki Babban labarin: ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na Musulunci Alhazen ya taka rawa wajen bunkasa gani da ido. Oneaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin hangen nesa a zamaninsa da wurinsa shine ka'idar watsi da Euclid da Ptolemy suka goyi bayansa, inda gani ya yi aiki ta hanyar hasken ido da ke fitar da haske, ɗayan kuma shine ka'idar Aristotelean cewa gani yayi aiki lokacin da asalin abubuwa ke gudana cikin idanu. Alhazen ya yi daidai da hujja cewa hangen nesa ya faru ne lokacin da haske, ke tafiya cikin layi madaidaici, yana nuna abu a cikin idanu. Al-Biruni ya rubuta bayanai game da haske, yana mai cewa dole ne hanzarta ta zama babba idan aka kwatanta ta da saurin sauti.
Chemistry Babban labarin: Alchemy da ilmin sunadarai a tsohuwar zamanin Islama Zamanin farko na musulunci ya ga kafa wasu daga cikin mafi tsayi tsarukan tsarin ilimin kimiya da ilmin sunadarai. Ka'idar sulphur-mercury na karafa, an fara tabbatar da ita a cikin karya-Apollonius na Tyana Sirr al-khalīqa ("Asirin Halitta", c. 750-850) kuma a cikin rubuce-rubucen larabci da ake dangantawa da Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (an rubuta c. 850950), zai ci gaba da zama asalin dukkan ka'idojin kayan karafa har zuwa karni na goma sha takwas.Hakanan, Emerald Tablet, ƙaramin rubutu mai cike da annashuwa wanda duk masana masu zuwa har zuwa ciki har da Isaac Newton (1642-1727) za su ɗauka a matsayin tushen fasaharsu, ya fara faruwa a cikin Sirr al-khalīqa kuma a ɗayan ayyukan da ake dangantawa zuwa Jābir.Hakanan an sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin ilimin kimiya. Ayyukan da aka danganta ga Jābir, da na masanin ilimin kimiya na Farisanci da kuma likita Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (854-925), sun ƙunshi farkon sanannun tsarin tsarin abubuwa masu sinadarai. Koyaya, masana alchemists ba wai kawai sha'awar ganowa da rarraba abubuwa masu sinadarai bane, har ma da ƙirƙirar su ta hanyar hannu. Muhimmin misalai daga duniyar musulunci ta daɗaɗɗen zamani sun haɗa da hadawar ammonium chloride daga abubuwan ƙirar jiki kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan da aka danganta su ga Jābir, da Abū Bakr al-Rāzī na gwaje-gwajen tare da vitriol, wanda a ƙarshe zai kai ga gano ƙwayoyin ma'adanai kamar sulfuric acid da nitric acid ta ƙarni na goma sha uku masanan alchemists kamar na ƙarya-Geber.
Geodesy Babban labarin: Tarihi da zane-zane a cikin tsohuwar daular Musulunci
Al-Biruni (973–1048) ya kiyasta radius na duniya kamar kilomita 6339.6 (ƙimar zamani ta kai kimanin 6,371 km), mafi kimantawa a lokacin.
Biology Babban Labari: Magani a duniyar Musulunci ta da Ido, a cewar Hunain ibn Ishaq. Daga rubutun da aka rubuta kwanan nan kimanin 1200. A cikin tsarin jijiyoyin zuciya, Ibn al-Nafis a cikin Sharhinsa kan Anatomy a cikin Avicenna's Canon shi ne masanin da aka sani na farko da ya saba wa batun Makarantar Galen cewa jini na iya wucewa tsakanin sassan zuciya a cikin zuciya ta hanyar sassan jikin zuciya da ke raba su. yana cewa babu hanyar wucewa tsakanin sassan ventricles a wannan lokacin. Madadin haka, ya yi daidai da hujja cewa duk jinin da ya isa ga kafar hagu ya yi ne bayan ya wuce ta huhun. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dole ne a sami kananan hanyoyin sadarwa, ko pores, tsakanin jijiyoyin huhu da jijiyar huhu, hasashen da ya gabata gabanin gano bakin ciki na Marcello Malpighi da shekaru 400. An sake gano Sharhin ne a karni na ashirin a cikin Laburaren Gwamnatin Prussia da ke Berlin; ko ra'ayin ta game da jujjuyawar jini ya shafi masana kimiyya irin su Michael Servetus bai tabbata ba. A cikin tsarin juyayi, Rhazes ya bayyana cewa jijiyoyi suna da motsa jiki ko aiki na azanci, yana bayanin 7 cranial da 31 jijiyoyin jijiyoyi. Ya sanya lamba ta lamba ga jijiyoyin kwanyar daga gani zuwa jijiyoyin hypoglossal. Ya rarraba jijiyoyin jijiyoyi zuwa 8 mahaifa, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 3 sacral, da kuma jijiyoyin coccygeal 3. Ya yi amfani da wannan don danganta alamun asibiti na rauni zuwa daidai wurin raunuka a cikin tsarin juyayi. Masu sharhi na zamani sun kamanta bayanan zamani na "gwagwarmayar rayuwa" a masarautar dabbobi da tsarin ka'idar juyin halitta. Don haka, a bincikensa na tarihin ra'ayoyin da suka haifar da ka'idar zabin yanayi, Conway Zirkle ya lura cewa al-Jahiz na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tattauna a kan "gwagwarmayar rayuwa", a cikin Kitāb al-Hayawān (Littafin Dabbobi an rubuta shi a karni na 9. A karni na 13, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ya yi amannar cewa mutane an samo su ne daga dabbobin da suka ci gaba, yana mai cewa, "Irin wadannan mutane [watakila birai anthropoid]] suna zaune ne a Yammacin Sudan da sauran bangarorin duniya masu nisa. Suna kusa da juna. ga dabbobi ta hanyar dabi'unsu, ayyukansu da halayensu. A cikin 1377, Ibn Khaldun a cikin Muqaddimah ya ce," Mulkin dabba ya sami ci gaba, nau'ikansa sun yawaita, kuma a hankali tsarin Halitta, ya ƙare da mutum kuma ya samo asali daga duniyar birai
Injiniya Duba kuma: Jerin abubuwan kirkire-kirkire a duniyar Musulunci ta da 'Yan uwan Banū Mūsā, a cikin Littafinsu na Ingantattun Na'urori, sun bayyana mai sare sarewa ta atomatik wanda watakila ita ce na'urar da aka fara amfani da ita. An samar da sautunan sarewa ta hanyar tururi mai zafi kuma mai amfani zai iya daidaita na'urar zuwa wasu alamu don su sami sautuna daban-daban daga gare ta.
Kimiyyar zaman jama'a Ibn Khaldun ana ganin yana daga cikin wadanda suka assasa ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewar zamani, tarihin tarihi, dimokradiyya, da kuma tattalin arziki.] [n 2] Taskar kayan tarihi matsayi ne mai daraja a wannan lokacin a musulunce kodayake yawancin takaddun mulki sun ɓace akan lokaci. Koyaya, daga wasiƙa da sauran takaddun suna ba da alamun yanayin zamantakewar jama'a tare da nuna cewa wuraren adana bayanai suna da yawa kuma suna da yawa a lokacinsu. Duk wasiƙun da aka karɓa ko aika a madadin hukumomin an kwafa, adana su kuma an lura da su don yin rajistar. An ga matsayin mai binciken tarihin a matsayin wanda dole ne ya sami babban sadaukarwa yayin da suke rike da dukkan ayyukan da suka dace.
Kiwon lafiya
Asibitoci Babban labarin: Bimarestan
Ofar shiga Qalawun hadaddun wanda ke dauke da sanannen asibitin Mansuri a Alkahira An gina asibitin Musulunci na farko a shekarar 805 a Bagadaza bisa umarnin Harun Al-Rashid, kuma mafi mahimmancin asibitocin Baghdad an kafa shi ne a cikin 982 ta mai mulkin Buyid 'Adud al-Dawla. Mafi kyawun rubutattun asibitocin musulinci na farko sune manyan cibiyoyin Siro-Misra na ƙarni na 12 da na 13. Zuwa karni na goma, Baghdad na da karin asibitoci biyar, yayin da Dimashka ke da asibitoci shida a ƙarni na 15 kuma Córdoba ita kaɗai ke da manyan asibitoci 50, da yawa na sojoji ne kawai. Asibiti na asibiti ya kasu kashi zuwa sassa kamar cututtukan tsari, tiyata, da kuma kasusuwa, tare da manyan asibitoci masu fannoni daban daban. "Cututtukan tsarin" ya kasance daidai da maganin cikin gida na yau kuma an ƙara raba shi zuwa ɓangarori kamar zazzabi, cututtuka da lamuran narkewa. Kowane sashe yana da mai kula da aiki, shugaban majalisa da ƙwararren mai kulawa. Hakanan asibitocin suna da dakunan wasan kwaikwayo da dakunan karatu. Ma’aikatan asibitocin sun hada da masu kula da tsabtace jiki, wadanda ke tsara tsafta, da akawu da sauran ma’aikatan gudanarwa. Asibitocin galibi ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar mutane uku da suka hada da wani mai kula da marasa magani, babban likitan magunguna, da ake kira shaykh saydalani, wanda ya yi daidai da matsayin babban likita, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mutwalli (shugaban makaranta). A al'adance ana rufe wuraren kiwon lafiya kowane dare, amma zuwa karni na 10 an zartar da dokoki don barin asibitoci bude awanni 24 a rana. Don ƙananan maganganu, likitoci sun ba da asibitin shan magani. Garuruwa kuma suna da cibiyoyin bayar da agaji na farko wanda likitoci ke aiki da su game da abubuwan da ke faruwa na gaggawa wanda galibi ana sanya su a wuraren taruwar jama'a, kamar manyan tarurruka don sallar Juma'a. Hakanan yankin yana da rukunin wayoyin hannu da ke aiki da likitoci da masana harhada magunguna wadanda ya kamata su biya bukatar al'ummomin da ke nesa. An kuma san Baghdad da samun wani asibiti na daban na wadanda aka yankewa hukunci tun a farkon karni na 10 bayan da vizier ‘Ali ibn Isa ibn Jarah ibn Thabit ya rubuta wa babban hafsan likitancin na Baghdad cewa“ dole ne gidajen yari su kasance da likitocin su da ya kamata su duba su a kowace rana Asibiti na farko da aka gina a Misira, a yankin kudu maso yamma na Alkahira, shine wuri na farko da aka tanada don kula da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa. A asibitin Arghun na Aleppo, kula da cutar tabin hankali ya haɗa da haske mai yawa, iska mai tsabta, ruwan famfo da kiɗa. Daliban likitanci zasu bi likitocin kuma zasu shiga cikin haƙuri. Asibitoci a wannan zamanin sune farkon wadanda suka bukaci difloma ta likitanci don ba likitocin lasisi. Gwajin lasisin da gwamnatin yankin da aka nada babban jami'in lafiya ya gudanar. Jarabawar tana da matakai biyu; na farko shi ne rubuta takaddar rubutu, kan batun da dan takarar ke son samun takardar shedar, na asali bincike ko sharhi na rubuce-rubucen da ake da su, wanda aka karfafa musu gwiwa don bincika kurakurai. Mataki na biyu shi ne amsa tambayoyin a cikin hira da babban jami'in likitan. Likitocin sunyi aiki tsayayyun sa'o'i kuma doka ta kayyade albashin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. Don daidaita ingancin kulawa da yanke hukunci, yana da nasaba da cewa idan mara lafiya ya mutu, dangin su na gabatar da umarnin likitan ga babban likitan da zai yi hukunci idan mutuwar ta halitta ce ko kuma ta sakaci ne, a cikin wannan yanayin sai iyalin su samun damar biyan diyya daga likita. Asibitocin suna da wuraren maza da mata yayin da wasu asibitocin kawai suka ga maza da wasu asibitocin, waɗanda ke da mata likitoci, mata kawai suka gani. Yayinda likitocin mata ke yin aikin likitanci, da yawa sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan haihuwa. Doka ta hana asibitoci juya marasa lafiyar da ba su iya biya.Daga karshe, sai aka kirkiro gidauniyar sadaka da ake kira waqfs don tallafawa asibitoci, da kuma makarantu.Wani sashi na kasafin kudin jihar kuma ya tafi wajen kula da asibitoci Duk da yake aiyukan asibitin kyauta ne ga dukkan ‘yan kasa kuma a wasu lokutan akan ba marasa lafiya karamin tallafi don tallafawa murmurewa bayan fitowar su, kowane lokaci likitocin suna karbar kudade. A cikin wata baiwa, wani gwamna a ƙarni na 13 na Masar Al-Mansur Qalawun ya kafa gidauniya ga asibitin Qalawun wanda zai ƙunshi masallaci da ɗakin sujada, wuraren da ake keɓe cututtuka daban-daban, dakin karatu na likitoci da kuma kantin magani da ana amfani da asibiti a yau don maganin ido. Asibitin Qalawun ya kasance ne a tsohuwar fadar Fatimid wacce ke da masauki ga mutane 8,000 "yana kula da marassa lafiya 4,000 a kullum.Waqf din ya ce,Asibiti zai kiyaye dukkan majiyyata, maza da mata, har sai sun warke sarai. Duk kudin da za'a biya sai asibiti ko mutane sun zo daga nesa ko kusa, ko mazauna ne ko baƙi, masu ƙarfi ko marasa ƙarfi, ƙasa ko ƙasa, mawadata ko matalauta, masu aiki ko marasa aikin yi, makafi ko masu gani, marasa lafiya a jiki ko hankali, koya ko karatu. Babu wasu sharuɗɗa na la'akari da biyan kuɗi, babu wanda ke adawa ko ma a kaikaice ya nuna alamar rashin biya.
Wuraren magani Malaman larabawa sun yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da na al'adu don ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓaka ilimin kimiyyar magunguna. Sun yi imani cewa Allah ya ba da hanyar warkar da kowace cuta. Koyaya, an sami rikicewa game da yanayin wasu tsoffin tsirrai da suka wanzu a wannan lokacin.Wani sanannen mutum wanda ke da tasiri a ci gaban kantin magani ya yi amfani da sunan Yūhannā ibn Māsawaiyh (circa 777-857). Malaman Turai sun ambace shi da "Mashahurin Allahntaka" da "Yariman Magani". Māsawaiyh ya jagoranci makarantar likitanci mai zaman kanta ta farko a Baghdad kuma ya rubuta manyan magunguna guda uku. Wadannan rubutattun labaran sun kunshi ayyuka a kan hada magunguna, barkwanci, da girke-girke na magunguna wadanda suka ba da umarni kan yadda za a shirya su. A cikin Latin Latin, galibi ana buga waɗannan ayyukan tare a ƙarƙashin taken "Opera Medicinalia" kuma an rarraba su zuwa "De simplicubus", "Grabadin", da "Canones universales". Duk da cewa tasirin Māsawaiyh yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa rubuce-rubucensa sun zama mafi rinjayen tushen rubuce-rubucen magunguna, ainihin asalinsa har yanzu ba a sani ba.A da, duk abubuwan da za a gabatar da su, a kan ko kusa da jikin mutum an sanya su a matsayin magani, tun daga magunguna, abinci, abubuwan sha, har ma da turare zuwa kayan shafawa. ya fara ne a karni na bakwai, lokacin da masu hada magunguna da masu ba da magani suka bayyana a asibitocin farko. Buƙatar ƙwayoyi ya karu yayin da yawan ya ƙaru. Zuwa karni na tara inda aka kafa kantin magani a matsayin sana'a mai zaman kanta kuma ingantacciya ta masana musulmai. Malaman tarihi da yawa sun ce buɗewar kantin magani na farko mai zaman kansa a cikin ƙarni na takwas yana nuna 'yancin kantin magani daga magani.Samuwar magani da kantin magani a cikin halifancin musulunci a karni na tara ya faru ne a daidai lokacin da fadada cibiyoyin kimiyya da yawa, dakunan karatu, makarantu, asibitoci da kuma wuraren sayar da magani a biranen Musulmai da yawa. karni na tara kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa don haɓakar ilimin kimiyyar zamani. Duk da yake masana harhada magunguna na Larabawa ba su yi nasara ba wajen sauya karafa wadanda ba su da daraja a cikin karafa masu daraja, ayyukansu na ba da cikakkun bayanai game da fasahohi da kayan aikin lab sun kasance manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kantin magani. An yi amfani da dabarun hada sinadarai kamar narkewa, sandaro, danshin ruwa da narkarda abubuwa. Kur'ani ya bayar da tushe don ci gaban ɗabi'a mai ƙwarewa inda haɓakar wankan ɗabi'a ya kuma rinjayi mahimmancin tsabta a cikin ilimin likitanci. Lokutan-lokaci likitocin gwamnati da ake kira muhtasib suka ziyarci asibitocin, wadanda suka duba don ganin cewa an gauraya magungunan yadda ya kamata, ba a narke su ba kuma ana ajiye su a cikin kwalba masu tsabta. Aikin da muhtasib yayi anyi bayani dalla-dalla a cikin litattafan da suka bayyana hanyoyin bincikowa da gano magungunan karya, abinci da kayan yaji. An haramta wa masu harhada magunguna yin magani ba tare da kasancewar likita ba, yayin da likitoci suka takaita ga shiri da sarrafa magunguna. An yi fargabar cewa girke-girke na iya fadawa hannun wani ba tare da ingantaccen horo kan harhada magunguna ba. [Ana bukatar] Ana bukatar lasisi don gudanar da ayyukan sirri. An ci tarar waɗanda suka karya doka.
Magani Babban Labari: Magani a duniyar Musulunci ta da Ka'idar Humorism ta kasance mafi rinjaye a wannan lokacin. Likitan Balarabe Ibn Zuhr ya ba da tabbaci cewa cutar cizon sabulu ne daga ƙaiƙayin ƙaiƙayi kuma ana iya warkewa ta cire ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da buƙatar tsarkakewa, zubar jini ko wasu magunguna da ake kira da izgili ba, yin hutu tare da izgilin Galen da Ibn Sina [Rhazes ya banbanta ta hanyar lura da cututtukan nan guda biyu na kananan yara da kyanda, wadanda a da ake dunkule su wuri guda a matsayin cuta guda da ke haifar da rashes. Wannan ya ta'allaka ne da wuri da kuma lokacin bayyanar alamomin sannan kuma ya kara girman tsanani da kuma hangen nesa na kamuwa da cutuka daidai da launi da wurin da fatar take. Al-Zahrawi shine likita na farko da ya bayyana ciki na ciki, kuma likita na farko da ya gano yanayin gadon haemophilia. A kan ayyukan tsabtace jiki, Rhazes, wanda aka taɓa tambayarsa ya zaɓi wurin da za a gina sabon asibiti a Baghdad, ya dakatar da yankan nama a wurare daban-daban a cikin birni, kuma ya ba da shawarar gina asibiti a wurin da naman ke nuna rashin jinkiri. Ga malaman addinin Islama, likitocin Indiya da Girka da masu binciken kiwon lafiya Sushruta, Galen, Mankah, Atreya, Hippocrates, Charaka, da Agnivesa sun kasance manyan hukumomi. Don sa al'adun Indiya da Girkanci su zama masu sauƙin fahimta, fahimta, da iya koyarwa, Malaman Islama sun ba da umarni da sanya ƙwararrun ilimin likitancin Indiya da na Greco-Roman ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen encyclopedias da taƙaitawa. Wasu lokuta, ana sukar malaman da suka gabata, kamar Rhazes wanda ya soki da karyata ka'idojin girmamawa na Galen, musamman, Ka'idar Humors don haka aka zarge shi da jahilci. Ta hanyar fassarorin larabci na karni na 12 ne turawan da suka zo na biyu suka sake gano magungunan Hellenic, gami da ayyukan Galen da Hippocrates, kuma suka gano tsoffin magungunan Indiya, gami da ayyukan Sushruta da Charaka. Ayyuka kamar su Ibn Sina's The Canon of Medicine an fassara shi zuwa Latin kuma an yaɗa shi ko'ina cikin Turai. A lokacin karni na 15 da 16 kadai, An buga Canon of Medicine fiye da sau talatin da biyar. An yi amfani dashi azaman ingantaccen littafin karatun likitanci har zuwa karni na 18 a Turai.
Tiyata Al-Zahrawi ya kasance likitan larabawa karni na goma. Wani lokaci ana kiransa "Uban tiyata Ya bayyana abin da ake tsammani shine ƙoƙari na farko na rage mammaplasty don gudanar da gynaecomastia da kuma farkon mastectomy don magance ciwon nono.] An yaba masa da aikin aikin gyaran kafa na farko Ya rubuta litattafai uku a kan aikin tiyata, ciki har da "Manual of Medial Practitioners" wanda ya kunshi kasida na kayan aiki 278 da aka yi amfani da su wajen tiyata
Kasuwanci da tafiya Manyan labarai: Juyin Juya Halin Noma na Larabawa, Tarihin tattalin arzikin Islama, da Geography da kuma zane-zane a cikin Islama na da Taswirar taƙaitaccen bayani game da taswirar duniya ta al-Idrisi ta 1154 (lura cewa Kudu yana saman saman taswirar). Baya ga Kogin Nilu, Tigris, da Yufiretis, koguna masu saurin tafiya ba sabon abu ba ne a Gabas ta Tsakiya, saboda haka jigila ta teku yana da matukar muhimmanci. Ilimin motsa jiki ya sami ci gaba sosai, yana amfani da mahimmin abu mai mahimmanci (wanda aka sani da kamal). Lokacin da aka haɗu da cikakkun taswira na lokacin, masu jirgi sun sami damar yin tafiya a ƙetaren tekuna maimakon siket a bakin tekun. Musulmin jirgin ruwa su ma suna da alhakin sake dawo da manyan jiragen ruwa na masta zuwa mashigar ruwa. [Ana bukatar] Sunan caravel na iya samo asali ne daga wani jirgin ruwan larabawa da ya gabata wanda ake kira da qārib.Musulmai da yawa sun tafi kasar Sin don fatauci, kuma wadannan musulmin sun fara samun tasirin tattalin arziki sosai a kasar. Musulmai kusan sun mamaye masana'antar shigowa fitarwa a zamanin daular Sung (960-1279).] Muhammad al-Idrisi ne ya kirkiro Tabula Rogeriana, mafi kyawun taswirar Zamani na Tsakiya, wanda masu bincike daban-daban suka yi amfani da shi kamar Christopher Columbus da Vasco Da Gama don tafiye-tafiyensu a Amurka da Indiya.
Noma Yaduwar rake daga yankin Indiya zuwa yankin Sifen a lokacin mulkin Musulunci. Larabawan Al-Andalus sun yi tasiri sosai ga aikin noma na Sifen, gami da maido da magudanan ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa a zamanin Roman, gami da gabatar da sabbin fasahohi irin su acequias (wanda ya samo asali daga qanats na Farisa) da kuma lambun Farisa kamar a Janar). A Spain da Sicily, Larabawa sun gabatar da kayan gona da kayan abinci daga Farisa da Indiya kamar shinkafa, rake, lemu, lemo, ayaba, shuffron, karas, apricots da eggplants, tare da maido da noman zaitun da rumman daga zamanin Greco-Roman. Palmeral na Elche a kudancin Spain yanki ne na UNESCO na Duniya wanda ke alamta gadon Musulunci na noma a Turai.
Arts da al'adu Adabi da waka Manyan labarai: Adabin Musulunci da waƙoƙin Musulunci Duba kuma: adabin larabci, adabin farisanci, da Dare Dubu da Daya
Centuryarni na 13 mai waƙoƙin Seljuq Rumi ya rubuta wasu kyawawan waƙoƙi a cikin harshen Farisanci kuma har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mawaƙan fatawa a Amurka. Sauran shahararrun mawaka na yaren Persia sun hada da Hafez (wanda William Jones, Thoreau, Goethe, Ralph Waldo Emerson da Friedrich Engels suka karanta aikinsu), Saadi (wanda Goethe, Hegel da Voltaire suka ambaci waƙinsa sosai), Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam da Amir Khusrow. Dare dubu da daya, tatsuniyoyin almara ne na tatsuniyoyin Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda aka tattara cikin harshen larabci a zamanin Halifancin Abbasawa, ya yi tasiri sosai a kan adabin Yammacin da Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma sanannun al'adun gargajiya tare da irin su Aladdin, Ali Baba da Barayi Arba'in da Sinbad Matukin jirgin. Tatsuniyoyin 'Sinbad the Sailor' har ila yau sun sami wahayi kai tsaye daga wallafe-wallafen Helenanci kamar na almara na gida (wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci zuwa Larabci a ƙarni na 8 AZ) da Alexander Romances (tatsuniyoyin Alexander the Great mashahuri a Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Indiya Art Babban Labari: Fasaha ta Musulunci Teburin marquetry da tayal, 1560
Hasken rubutun ya kasance fasaha mai mahimmanci, kuma zanen ɗan Persia ya sami ci gaba a duniyar Farisa. Calligraphy, muhimmin al'amari ne na rubutaccen Larabci, ya inganta cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma adon gine-gine.
Waƙa Babban Labari: Waƙar Larabci Karni na tara da na goma ya ga furannin kiɗan Larabci. Masanin Falsafa kuma malami Al-Farabi, a ƙarshen karni na tara, ya kafa harsashin koyarwar kiɗan Larabci na zamani, bisa ga maqammat, ko kuma hanyoyin kiɗa. Aikinsa ya ta'allaka ne da kiɗan Ziryab, mawaƙin kotu na Andalusia. Ziryab sanannen polymath ne, wanda gudummawar da yake bayarwa ga wayewar yamma ya haɗa da cin abinci na yau da kullun, aski, dara, da ƙari, ƙari ga mamayar da yake yi a fagen kiɗan duniya a karni na tara.
Masu tunani da polymaths na Asiya ta Tsakiya da Larabawa suna mai da hankali kan kiɗa Mutanen Sumeriya da Akkadiyawa, Helenawa, da Farisawa duk sun yi amfani da lissafi don ƙirƙirar bayanan da aka yi amfani da su da kayan kaɗe-kaɗe da sauran kayan kaɗe-kaɗe. Ta yin amfani da ra'ayin cewa kirtani da aka cire ko an sunkuya yana samar da sanarwa, sun lura da banbancin sauti lokacin da aka tsayar da zaren. "Babban abin da aka gano" yana jin yadda ake magana ne game da octave, cewa ragargaza kirtani ya samar da rubutu mai kyau octave daya a saman layin. An rubuta shi azaman rabo 2: 1.Sun auna nauyin tsawo na kirtani a gefe daya dayan kuma inda aka matse kirtani, hakan ya samar da rabo. Waɗannan abubuwan sun ba su damar kwatanta sautuna, misali na uku, na huɗu, na biyar. Sun sami damar raɗa ɗaya igiya a kan ɗayan a waɗancan tsaka-tsalle a kan molaye, garayu, molo, molaye. Lutes ya ba su ƙarin ikon ƙirƙirar waɗannan tazarar a kan igiya ɗaya, ta hanyar ƙara frets a nesa ta hanyar lissafi, gwargwadon yanayin. Ba kamar kayan aikin zamani ba, inda za'a iya sanya frets har abada a cikin wuya, kamar a guitar, tsofaffin kayan aikin sun yi amfani da igiyoyin hanji da aka ɗaura a wuya don frets, kuma wannan ya sa kayan aikin su su daidaita. Mawaƙan farko zasu iya kunna kayan aikin su zuwa yanayi daban-daban. Playersan wasan laute na iya ɗora igiyar zuwa tazara daban-daban, kuma suna iya ƙara daidaita frets don yanayin.Safi al-Din ya zana wata ƙazamar magana daga kwafin littafin 1333, Kitab al-Adwār. Tsohon kwafi yakai 1296. Al'adar cakuda al'adun Asiya ta Tsakiya da Larabawa sun samar da masu tunani da yawa waɗanda suka yi rubutu game da kiɗa, gami da wani abu game da larurar cikin ayyukansu, gami da Al-Kindi (c. 801 c. 873), Ziryab (789-857), Al-Farabi c. 872 c.950), Avicenna (c. 980 1037), da Safi al-Din al-Urmawi (1216-1294). Sun yi rubuce-rubuce cikin larabci, abin da ya zama mai amfani da harshe mai amfani a lokacinsu, kuma suka shiga cikin al'adun musulmai da al'adunsu. Koyaya sun girma cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Larabawa suna da sikeli na kida, wanda al-Farabi ya bayyana, wanda wasu ke amfani da shi har zuwa ƙarni na 13 miladiyya Wancan ma'aunin tanbar, wanda ya raba igiyar zuwa "kashi 40 daidai" zai iya zama saura daga Babila da Assuriya. Duk da haka, Larabawa sun yi ciniki tare da cin nasarar Farisawa, kuma sun dauki sikeli na Farisa a kan lamuransu, kamar yadda suka dauki layigajere na Farisa.
Ziryab ya tashi daga Baghdad zuwa al-Andalus, inda ya kafa makarantar waƙa kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da ya ƙara layi na biyar ko hanya a kan oud, "tsakanin 822 da 852).Al-Andalus, inda ya zauna zai zama cibiyar haɓaka kayan kiɗa ga Turai. Al-Kindi polymath ne wanda ya rubuta rubuce-rubuce kamar su 15 masu alaƙa da kiɗa. Ya kasance daga farkon waɗanda suka fara amfani da ka'idar mawaƙa ta Girka ga utesan gajeren lute na Asiya-Larabawa. Ya kara sautin-sauti tsakanin goro da zaren farko. Ya kuma kara da kirtani na biyar a bakinsa na gabas, kamar yadda Ziryab ya yi a yamma.Al-Farabi "ya sanya ayyukan Aristoxenus da Ptolemy a cikin ka'idar tetrachords", kuma ya rubuta a cikin litattafai a fannoni da yawa, Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir, Babban Littafin Waƙoƙi, wanda a ciki ya yi bayanin yadda ake tunatar oud, ta amfani da lissafin lissafi.Ya ba da umarni ga duka frets 10 da 12, yana faɗin inda za a ɗora igiyar da aka ɗaura (kuma mai motsi) a wuya. Hanyar sa ta sauyawa ta ba da izinin "12-fret 'ud tuning wanda ke haifar da octave 'double", tare da rubutu 22 a cikin kowane octave.
Gine-gine Babban Labari: Tsarin Musulunci Babban Masallacin Kairouan (a Tunisia), kakan dukkan masallatan yammacin duniya ban da Turkiya da Balkans, shine ɗayan mafi kyawun kiyayewa kuma mafi mahimman misalai na manyan masallatan farko. An kafa shi a cikin 670, yana farawa a cikin yanayin da yake yanzu galibi daga ƙarni na 9.Babban Masallacin Kairouan an gina shi ne daga minaret mai hawa uku, da wani babban tsakar gida da ke kewaye da hotunan zane, da kuma wani katafaren zauren salla wanda aka rufe shi da shi da cupola biyu. [139] Babban Masallacin Samarra a Iraki an kammala shi a shekara ta 847. Ya haɗu da gine-ginen gine-ginen layuka na layuka masu goyan baya, wanda a sama aka gina babbar minaret mai jujjuyawa. Farkon ginin Babban Masallaci a Cordoba a shekara ta 785 ya nuna farkon tsarin gine-ginen Islama a Spain da Arewacin Afirka. Masallacin an san shi da bangon da yake ciki. Gine-ginen Moorish sun kai kololuwa tare da gina Alhambra, babban gida mai faɗi kagara na Granada, tare da buɗe ido da iska mai kyan gani wanda aka kawata shi da ja, shuɗi, da zinariya. An yi wa bangon ado da kayan kwalliyar da aka ƙera, kayan rubutu na Larabci, da aikin zane na larabawa, tare da bangon da aka rufe shi da tayal mai ƙyalli. Yawancin alamomin gine-ginen Fatimid sun wanzu a Alkahira a yau, manyan misalai sun haɗa da Jami'ar Al Azhar da masallacin Al Hakim.
Ragewa Mamayewa Hanyoyin kasuwanci da wayewar musulmai suka gada sun lalace ta hanyar mamaye Mongoliya, wanda a cewar Ibn Khaldun ya lalata tattalin arziki A cikin 1206, Genghis Khan ya kafa daula mai ƙarfi tsakanin Mangolwa na tsakiyar Asiya. A cikin karni na 13, wannan daular Mongol ta mamaye mafi yawan yankunan kasar Eurasia, gami da China a gabas da yawancin tsohuwar halifancin Islama (da Kievan Rus a yamma. Rushewar Bagadaza da Gidan Hikima da Hulagu Khan ya yi a shekarar 1258 wasu na ganin karshen Zamanin Zinare ne na Musulunci.Mamayar daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da ke magana da Larabci a cikin 1516-17 ya sanya zuciyar al'adar duniyar Islama a ƙarƙashin ikon Turkawan Ottoman. Kimiyyar hankali ta ci gaba da bunkasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya a lokacin Ottoman.
Tattalin arziki Don yin bayani game da faduwar ilimin addinin Islama, an yi jayayya cewa Tarurrukan Sunni a karni na 11 da 12 sun samar da jerin sauye-sauye na hukumomi wanda ya rage biyan dangi zuwa samar da ayyukan kimiyya. Tare da yaduwar madrasas da mafi girman tasirin shugabannin addini, ya zama mafi riba don samar da ilimin addini Ahmad Y. al-Hassan ya yi watsi da rubutun cewa rashin tunanin kirkire-kirkire ne ya haifar da hakan, yana mai cewa koyaushe ana kebe kimiyya daga takaddama ta addini; a maimakon haka sai yayi nazarin raguwa ta fuskokin tattalin arziki da siyasa, ta hanyar aikin marubucin karni na 14 Ibn Khaldun. Al-Hassan ya tsawaita zamanin gwal har zuwa karni na 16, yana mai cewa ayyukan kimiyya suna ci gaba da bunkasa har zuwa lokacin. Da yawa daga cikin masana na wannan zamani suma sun fadada shi zuwa kusan karni na 16 zuwa na 17, kuma sun yi nazarin faduwar ta fuskar abubuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya kalubalanci batun cewa ya ragu ko da a wancan lokacin, yana mai cewa farfaɗo da ayyukan da aka samar kan batutuwan kimiyya na hankali yayin ƙarni na goma sha bakwai.Binciken na yanzu ya kai ga yanke hukunci cewa "shaidun da ake da su sun yi daidai da tunanin cewa karuwar karfin ikon wadannan masanan ne ya haifar da raguwar kwarewar kimiyya.
Al'adu Masanin tarihin tattalin arziki Joel Mokyr yayi hujja da cewa masanin falsafar musulunci al-Ghazali (1058-1111) "babban jigo ne a cikin koma bayan ilimin addinin Islama", saboda ayyukansa sun taimaka wajen hauhawar sufanci da kuma samun lokaci-lokaci a duniyar musulinci.Dangane da wannan ra'ayin, Saliba (2007) ya ba da misalai da dama musamman na binciken sararin samaniya da ke bunƙasa bayan zamanin al-Ghazali.
Duba kuma Tashar Musulunci
Makarantar Baghdad Tasirin Kirista a cikin Islama Jerin masanan kristoci da masana na zamanin musulunci na da Zamanin Zinare na Danmark Yaren mutanen Dutch Golden Ag Masarautar Sicily Zamanin zinariya na al'adun yahudawa a Spain Kwalejin Ilimin Kimiyya da Ilimin Kimiyya ta Zamani na Ibn Sina Falaki na Islama Karatun addinin musulunci Jerin masana kimiyyar Iran Ophthalmology a cikin zamanin da Musulunci Zamanin Zinaren Mutanen Espanya Lokaci na ilimin kimiyya da fasaha na Islama
Bayanan kula wasu Turawan yamma suna daukarsa a matsayin mahaifin gaskiya na tarihi da zamantakewar al'umma An yi iƙirarin Ibn Khaldun a matsayin wanda ya share fagen masu yawan tunani na Turai, galibi masanan ilimin zamantakewar al'umma, masana tarihi, da masana falsafa". (Boulakia 1971) "Mahaifin da ya kafa ilimin kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma na Gabas Wannan babban makircin neman sabon kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma ya sanya shi gaba ga yawancin ƙarni na sha takwas da goma sha tara masu ginin tsarin kamar Vico, Comte da Marx." "A matsayina na daya daga cikin farkon wadanda suka assasa ilimin zamantakewar al'umma "Wasu suna daukarsa a matsayin uba na tattalin arziki na zamani, ko kuma a kalla babban mai gaba. Duniyar Yammacin duniya na daukar Khaldun a matsayin mahaifin ilimin halayyar jama'a amma yana jinkirin amincewa da shi a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki wanda ya kafa tushensa. Shi ne farkon wanda bincika tsarin tattalin arziki, mahimmancin fasaha, ƙwarewa da cinikayyar ƙasashen waje a rarar tattalin arziki da rawar da gwamnati da manufofinta ke ciki don haɓaka samarwa da samar da aiki.Haka kuma, ya magance matsalar haraji mafi ƙaranci, mafi ƙarancin aiyukan gwamnati, ihisani, tsarin hukumomi, doka da oda, tsammanin, samarwa, da ka'idar darajar ".Cosma, Sorinel (2009). "Tunanin Tattalin Arziki na Ibn Khaldun". Tarihin Tattalin Arziki na Jami'ar Ovidius (Jami'ar Ovidius Press) XIV: 52-57
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20407 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirdi | Kirdi | Kirdi /k r d ɪ ƙabilu ne da al'adu da suka mamaye arewa maso yammacin Kamaru da kuma arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.
Ana amfani da kalmar ga mutane da ba su musulunta ba a lokacin mulkin mallaka kuma ya kasance abun ki ne, kodayake daga baya marubuta sun wanke su. Kalmar ta fito ne daga kalmar Kanuri ma'ana arna; mutanen Kanuri galibi musulmai ne.
Tun daga ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya Musulman Bantu, kamar Fulanin sun fara ƙaura zuwa Kamaru, inda suka yi yunƙurin musuluntar da mutanen da suka wanzu. Saboda haka kirdi, suna da ƙarancin kamanceceniya a al'adance ko a yare a dalilin wanzuwar su a kasashe daban daban, da farko suna cikin busassun matakai da savannahs na yankunan Arewa da Arewa masu nisa na Kamaru Kimanin yawan ƙungiyoyi da za'a iya bayyana a matsayin Kirdi ya bambanta, tare da kimantawa daga 26 (2007) zuwa fiye da 40 (1977). Bata, Fali, Fata, Gemjek, Guidar, Giziga, Hurza, Kapsiki, Mada, Mafa, Massa, Matakam, Mofou, Mora, Mousgoum, Muyang, Ouldeme, Podoko, mutanen Toupouri, Vame da Zulgo duk ana ɗaukar su Kirdi, saboda juriyarsu ga Musulunci. Suna magana da yarukan Chadi da na Adamawa.
Ambaton Kirdi na farko shi ne na Denham a 1826 (1985: 145) wanda ya fassara kalmar Kerdies a matsayin "Negroes waɗanda ba su taɓa karɓar imanin Mohammedan ba".
Gabaɗaya, Kirdi ba su da yawa a tsarin siyasar Kamaru Dangane da CIA World Factbook, Kirdi na wakiltar kaso 11 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar Kamaru, idan aka kwatanta da galibin Musulmi da Fulani masu alaƙa da al'adu a kashi 10 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar Kamaru; sai kuma Kamaru Highlanders da kaso 31, Equatorial Bantu kashi 19, Bantu na arewa maso yamma, kashi 8, da Eastern Nigritic kashi 7, da sauran Afirka da wadanda ba Afirka ba da ke wakiltar kashi 14. Idan aka ba su wakilcin tarihi, Kirdi bai taɓa kasancewa ƙungiyar masu jefa ƙuri'a ta siyasa ba. Neman samun kuri'un Kirdi, Fulanin, yayin da a tarihance suka raina Kirdi, suka sanya su a gaba don bunkasa damar su ta zabe, kamar na Kamaru Union ko UC. Kodayake al'umar Kirdi tana da bambancin al'adu, bisa matsin lamba daga kungiyoyin da ke gaba da su, irin su Fulani, sun zo sun ga kansu a matsayin rukuni guda na mutane, kuma sun kara samun sha'awar wakilci a cikin tsarin siyasa. Asalin mutanen Kirdi
Bata Al’umar Bata ta Arewacin Kamaru wata al’umma ce da ba kasafai ake riskar su ba amma sun kai kusan mutum 13,500 a yankunansu na tarihi. Mutanen Chadi ne. Yaren da suke magana da shi shine Bata, daga dangin yarukan Chadi. Yawancin mutanen Bata sun musulunta, yayin da waɗanda suka rage a yankinsu mai dadadden tarihi ke ci gaba da bautan gargajiya.
Fali Al’ummar Fali sun fi karkata ne a yankunan tsaunukan Najeriya da Arewacin Kamaru kuma wasu suna zaune a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. A Najeriya, ana kiransu mutanen Bana. Suna magana da yarukan daban daban. Waɗannan mutanen suna da asali daga mutanen Ngomma, waɗanda suka kafa tsoffin babban birni na ƙasarsu ta dā, Timpil. Suna da tauhidi da mika wuya ga ubangiji daya amma daga baya suka zama Krista. Ana iya banbance mutanen Fali da sauran Kirdi saboda kyawawan kayan masu ado na sutura da suke sanyawa.
Kapsiki Mutanen Kapsiki, wanda aka fi sani da mutanen Kamwe, suna zaune a ƙauyuka dake da mutane 2000-6000, kuma rayuwa ya ta'llaka a wajen kiwon dabbobi, noma da kuma, wuraren shakatawa musamman a ƙauyen Rumsiki. A Najeriya, mutanen Kapsiki suna zaune a gangaren tsaunuka da filayen yamma. Kapsiki suna rayuwa a wannan yankin tsawon karni biyar, tun kafin lokacin daukan bayi a karni na 19, amma saboda garinsu dake kewaye ya sa sun iya kiyaye kansu daga mutanen Fulbe. Sauran mutanen yankin na Mandara, kamar su Mafa, Mofu, Podoko Guisiga, ko mutanen Daba suma sun kasance cikin kariya saboda keɓewa da sukayi.
Mafa Mutanen Mafa suna zaune can yankin Arewacin Kamaru kuma an san su da nasarori irin na fasahar noma. Waɗannan hanyoyin aikin injiniyoyi sun haɗa da: ƙananun aikin noman rani, sarrafa abubuwa, da kuma magudanan ruwa. Bugu da kari, Mafa suna gudanar da ayyukan bunkasa aikin noma iri-iri ta hanyar tsarin kula da kyawun kasan noma, gami da: salon noman crop rotation, da amfani da sinadaran noma, Agroforestry, biomass, sarrafa sunadaran bunkasa noma. Suna magana da yaren Mafa na dangin yare na Chadi.
Mofu Mutanen Mofu da farko sun wanzu ne a cikin lardin Arewa ta Arewa na Kamaru. Harsunan sun bambamta da sauran harsunan reshen Biu Mandara na dangin harsunan Cadi.
Mousgoum Mutanen Musgum (Musgum ko Mulwi) ƙabilun Chadi ne a cikin Kamaru. Mutanen Musgum da yawa suna tsunduma ne cikin aikin noma tare da amfanin gona wanda ya haɗa da: gyada da auduga waɗanda ake nomawa don kasuwanci.
Tupuri Mutanen Tupuri, wanda aka fi sani da Tupouri, suna da tarihi a gabashin Kaélé a cikin rukunin Kaele da kuma cikin Kar-Hay na Mayo-Danay na lardin Arewa. Ƙabilu da yare ne, wadanda suka fito daga arewacin Kamaru zuwa Chadi. Wannan yare ya fito ne daga dangin harsunan Chadi. Kuma ana kiran yaren su da suna Tupuri.
Zulgo Mutanen Zulgo, kwatankwacin mutanen Gemjek, ba su daɗe da mutanen arewacin Kamaru waɗanda ba a taɓa samunsu ba. Duk da yake kasancewa a Chadic mutane, su harshe ne daga dangin harshen Zulgu-Gezmek baya daga Chadic harshen iyali Asalin suna Akwai taƙaddama game da sunan "Kirdi", kamar yadda ya zama haɗe shi azaman pejorative Fulatanci da sauran yarukan Kamaru sun yi amfani da wannan kalmar ta cin mutuncin mutane. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Kanuri kuma daga karshe ana zaton ta samo asali ne daga kalmar larabci ta "biri". Kodayake wasu marubutan sun yi la’akari da sunan a matsayin abin da ya dace game da tarin mutane. A halin yanzu, Kirdi yana da cikakkiyar ma'anar "arna," yana adawa da Fulani da sauran ƙungiyoyin musulmai. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mutane da yawa sun dawo da lakabin a matsayin hanyar ganowa da haɗin kan siyasa, wanda ya haifar da yunƙurin "kirditude". Kirdi ana tunanin an fara shi ne a matsayin motsi na adawa da akasarin musulman Fulani na siyasa ga Maigari Bello Bouba na UNDP yayin yaƙin neman zaɓe na 1991. Kalmar ana amincewa da ita ne kawai a Yankin Arewa da Arewa sosai, yayin da ba a amfani da ita a yankin na Adamawa, a Fulfulde kalmar Matchoubé, ma'anar "bawa" ko "bawa," a maimakon haka. Yawancin kungiyoyi, waɗanda aka amince da su a ƙarƙashin kalmar lafazin wato mutanen kirdi suna magana da yarukan Afro-Asiya, duk da cewa wasu suna magana da Yarukan Nijar-Congo, wannan ya dogara da yadda ƙungiyoyin suka watsu, yayin da har yanzu akwai ƙungiyoyin da ake ganin kirdi ne wanda ya rage a ciki mulkin Nijeriya sabanin Kamaru. Kamar Kamaru, kirdi yana da yawa da yawa na yaruka daban-daban, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suna bambanta da dangin harshe duka. Ma'anar kalmar ta kirdi, za'a iya fassara ta da ma'ana mai zuwa, 'duk waɗanda ba musulmai ba kuma waɗanda zasu iya zama bayi Waɗanda suka ki amincewa da musuluntarsu ko kuma a mayar da su a matsayin wadanda suka yi fice a lokacin masarautar Adamawa an kama su a matsayin bayi. Anan ne aka sami amfani da kalmar kirdi. Koyaya, marubuta sun sake maimaita kalmar don ƙunshe da gamayyar ƙungiyoyin gama gari waɗanda ba su haɗu da yare, al'ada, ko addini ba, amma game da takamaiman ƙin yarda da addini ɗaya, da kuma kasancewa mutanen tarihi na tsaunukan Mandara Daga wannan, an fassara Kirdi a cikin mahallin ƙungiyar mutane waɗanda haɗe da aƙidar zamantakewar da ke ƙarfafa juriya gaba ɗaya.
Tarihi Jamhuriyar Kamaru, yankin mafi yawan Kirdi ya fara ne a farkon mulkin mallaka daga ƙungiyoyin Musulmi masu tayar da ƙayar baya. Zuwa 1400s Turawa sun fara mamayar su, kamar daga Kamerun sannan suka raba tsakanin arewa da kudu yankunan Faransa da Birtaniyya. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya zo karkashin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin Amintattun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, yana hasashen Kirdi za a ba shi ikon cin gashin kansa, wanda ya zama kamar hangen nesa yayin da yawancin kungiyoyin siyasa suka fara kafa daga ƙungiyoyin mutane. A karni na sha daya kuma zuwa karnin karni na sha tara Fulanin Musulmai daga yankin Niger suka yi kaura zuwa Kamaru, wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na sha tara. Yawan Fulanin ya karu a bakin teku da yankin kudu na Kamaru kuma sun sauya tsoffin mazaunan. A ƙarshen ƙarshen 1770s da farkon karni na 19, Fulani, makiyayan Islama na yammacin Sahel, sun mamaye mafi yawancin yankin da ke arewacin Kamaru a yanzu, suna mai da hankali ko kuma tilasta wa yawancin mazaunan da ba Musulmi ba. A cikin 1960, Kamaru ta ayyana 'yancinta kuma ta amince da tsarin mulki ta hanyar zaɓen raba gardama. Zuwa 1972, an sake tsara kundin tsarin mulkin da gaske don kafa jihar jam'iyya daya. Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo, Bafullatani Bafulatani daga Kamaru na Faransa, zai ci gaba da mulki daga 1960 zuwa mutuwarsa a 1989. Kirdi sun nemi wakilci a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan daga jam’iyyun marasa rinjaye kamar Social Democratic Front (SDF) a adawa da ƙungiyar Fulani da ke mulki Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (UNDP). Mishan mishan sun sami ɗan nasara tsakanin Kirdi a cikin recentan shekarun nan. Manyan Kirdi sun hada da Luc Ayang da Etienne Hollong.
Addini Ofishin jakadancin Kirista ya ɗan sami nasara tsakanin Kirdi a cikin shekarun nan. Duk da yake kirdi gaba daya yana dauke da ma'anar arna a adawa da Fulani da sauran ƙungiyoyin musulmai, ba dukkansu suke aiwatar da al'adun gargajiya da al'adun maguzawa ba, da yawa sun koma addinin kirista kuma suna kara nuna kansu a matsayin kungiyar siyasa ta kirista, sabanin haka musulmin da ke adawa da kungiyoyi.
Musuluntar da su yayin jihadin Fulani Kirdi mutanen tarihi ne na tsaunukan Mandara, da kuma mutanen tarihi na Yankin Arewa Mai Nisa, Kamaru A cikin karni na sha tara malamin addinin Islama da jihadi, Modibbo Adama, ya fara mulkin mallakar Fulani. Wannan ƙaura ta ƙaura ta haifar da fiye da kashi 60 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar yankin na Fulani, ba yan asalin yankin ba. Babban ƙaura daga mazaunan tarihi na waɗannan yankuna ya fara a farkon karni na sha tara, daga abin da zai zama ana kiran shi Masarautar Adamawa Mulkin mallaka na Fulanin zai haifar da Fulani zama manyan mutane a yankin. Ganin cewa Fulanin ba 'yan asalin yankin bane, wannan babbar nasara ce da suka zama masu rinjaye. Modibbo Adama wani Fulani masanin da kuma tsarki warrior Kafin ya jagoranci jihadi, ya kasance dalibin makarantar islamiyya Anyi masa jagoranci ne a karkashin koyarwar fasihin Fulani Usman dan Fodio Mulkin Adama ya kasance daga 1806 zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1847. Modibbo Adama ta ci yankin Fombina, wanda a yanzu yake keɓe yankunan yankunan Kamaru da Nijeriya ta zamani Ayyukansa sun buɗe dama ga yawancin mutanensa don shiga yankin kuma su mallaki yankin a matsayin nasu. Bayan bayyana jihadi nasa, kamar yadda Usman ya yi a yankuna na Arewa a Chadi, Adama ya shigo yankin tare da wasu tarin mutane waɗanda suka himmatu don sauya yankin da waɗannan kabilun suke zaune a karkashinsa. Adama ya hadu da Usman ne a shekarar 1806, kila a Gwandu A can, suka fahimci cewa nufinsa shi ne ya faɗaɗa jihadinsa zuwa gabas, zuwa Fumbina. Burin shine don musuluntar da Kirdi (arna) daban-daban. Da zarar ta kasance a karkashin ikon yankin, Adama ta baiwa kasashen makiya makiya zabi biyu: ko dai su musulunta ko kuma su mika wuya ga rasa 'yancin cin gashin kansu da kuma zama kasar mai biyan haraji Waɗannan rukunin ƙungiyoyin biyu da suka kirkiro nasu gwagwarmaya mai ƙarfi amma ba su da cikakken tsarin da ake da shi a ƙarƙashin al'ummomin da ke da ƙwarewar gwamnatin tarayya, suna da zaɓi ɗaya: sun zama bayi Daga nan kirdi ya zama kungiyar da ba ta da gwamnati don ta yi wa Fulani kutse don haka suka zama bayi ga Fulanin kuma suka sanya su karkashin mulkin danniyarsu har sai da suka mika wuya ga Musulunci. Har zuwa yau, yawancin al'ummomin da suka ƙi yarda da tuba a lokacin Masarautar Adama, har yanzu ba Musulmi ba ne. Major canje-canje ya faru dangane da Legacy of Modibo Adama ko da bayan da mulkin da ya Khalifanci da aka rasa to sauran iko daga kudu. Sabbin wadanda suka musulunta sun koyi rubutun larabci kuma sun yi karatun Alkur'ani (DeLancey, 2010). Wannan ya gabatar da karin matakan karatu da rubutu a yankin da kusan babu mai karatu da rubutu. Yayin da Kirdi ke son zama masu nomar filayen su, Fulani da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙar sun kasance da farko makiyaya, wanda ya haifar da sauya ƙasar gaba ɗaya zuwa wacce ta fi dacewa da shanu. Gandun Daji da Fulani sun abada bata ne, ƙasar da Arewa tudu Rashin ikon mallaka Dangane da jihohin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara da yawa Kamaru na da tarihin rikice-rikice a karkashin ikon masu iko, shugaban su na farko Bafulatanin Musulmi, Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo Kirdi ya kasance yana fama da nuna wariya da kuma rashin samun dama daga wasu manyan iko musamman wadancan kungiyoyi wadanda suke da tarihin yakin neman sauya tarin al'ummomi zuwa Musulunci Kamar yadda yake yanzu, addini na Jamhuriyar Kamaru bai wuce rabin Musulmai ba, galibi mazaunan bakin Bantu ne suka fi mayar da hankali ga yankin, yayin da Kirdi ke son faɗa a cikin savanna da ke gaba a arewacin ykasar.
Abinci Kasancewa a Afirka ta Yamma, Kamaru babban alwatiran nan uku an san shi da ƙaramar Afirka, ko kuma maɓallin microcosm na duk Afirka. Yawancin abinci na yau da kullun na Kirdi sun sami tasiri ta hanyar fatauci da amfani daga ikon Turai. Wadannan tasirin sun fara ne da zuwan Biritaniya a 1800, sannan Faransawa suka biyo baya, sannan Jamusawa Kodayake sauran kayan abinci daga China, Italiya, da Rasha sun kutsa cikin yankin Arewacin Kamaru, kamar yadda babban birnin Kamaru, Yaoundé, birni ne mai matukar girma a Afirka. Kirdi yana da wasu kayan abinci na gargajiya waɗanda suka dace da yankinsu na musamman, wanda ke nuni da wasu daga cikin kayan abinci da yawa da ke yammacin Afirka. Mafi shahararren kayan abinci shine fufu, wanda galibi ana nufin kullu da aka yi daga tafasasshen kayan masarufi kamar su mandioca, ayaba, dawa, rogo, ko malanga A wasu girke-girke, ana saka kitse a cikin fufu don ƙarin katanga. Wannan kitse na iya samun daga dabbobi ko tsirrai. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin gida sun haɗa da waɗannan abinci masu muhimmanci a Kamaru: rogo, dawa, shinkafa, ayaba, dankalin turawa, ɗankali mai ɗanɗano, masara, wake, gero cocoyams iri-iri, da kuma kayan lambu da yawa. Kankana, kabewa, da wake suma ana noma su.
Ayyukan Magunguna Kamaru kamar sauran ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma suna da tsarin mace-mace wanda ya zarce na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Wannan yana samun ci gaba sannu a hankali tare da taimakon ƙudurorin duniya waɗanda suka taimaka wajen kawo rigakafi, da magungunan yamma zuwa yankin. Ma'aikata masu himma sun zo cikin al'ummomin yankin don taimakawa ƙwararru da ba da kayan aiki, suna kafa hanyar haɗi tsakanin magungunan gargajiya da magungunan yamma Koyaya, ci gaba da yawan mace-macen yana nuna mahimmancin tasirin cututtukan cututtuka da haɗarin haɗarin mutuwa yayin ciki da haihuwa. Cututtukan numfashi na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa. Don rage mawuyacin yanayin da al'ummomin makiyaya na Yankin Arewa mai Nisa, Kamaru ke fama da shi, kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya sun saka jari don fahimtar kabilanci na wannan yankin, da dubunnan shekaru na al'adun gargajiya na gargajiya waɗanda suka ba da wani taimako kafin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na bangarori daban-daban. Wadannan likita ayyuka sun hada da amfani da albarkatun da shuke-shuke, danye hakar hanyoyin, decoctions, kuma fermentation tafiyar matakai. Shuke-shuke da aka yi amfani da su don yin magani sun hada da Cissus quadrangularis, wanda ke da matuƙar muhimmanci ga Fali a Kamaru, waɗanda aka ruwaito sun wanke mamatan a wani yanki na tsiron.
Ayyuka na Ruhaniya Kirdi, bisa ga al'adunsu na gargajiya kafin jihadi, sun yi imani da addinan gargajiya. Waɗannan imani an gano su a matsayin tauhidi Mabiya addinin Fali sun kiyaye wannan imanin tsawon dubunnan shekaru. Abubuwan da suka yi imani da shi sun haɗa da cewa akwai allah mai halitta wanda ke da iko da komai Wannan halayyar mafi girma ga Fali da ire-iren rassa sun sanya mata suna Muttaf, kodayake an dauki wasu sunaye don irin wannan ra'ayi na gaba daya. Hakanan da allahn mahalicci, Fali sun yi imani, akwai wani mai suna Ona, wanda ya zo don nuna uwa ƙasa An yi amfani da gunkin Ona tare da duniyar duniyar. Lokacin da Fali suke magana game da duniya, ƙasa, albarkatun ƙasa, da wucewar lokaci, suna yin hakan game da Ona. Ona, tare da Muttaf, suna da alhakin halittar komai. Wadannan halittun da ake danganta su ga gunkin da aka sani da Muttaf, sun hada da dangi, kakanni, da mutum, da albarkatun kasa, da Duniya, da sama, da komai. Koyaya, Muttaf ba mahaliccin dukkan abubuwa bane, kamar allahn tauhidi wanda addinan Ibrahim suka karɓa, amma sun nuna shi a matsayin wanda ba shi da ilimin ɗan adam Yankin da tunanin addinin Islama ya zube a cikin wasu mazhabobin addini, an hana allahn Muttaf zanawa, saboda a dabi'ance yana adawa da takaitawa da kowane irin yanayin magana. Akwai lokutan da rikici ya faru sakamakon zane-zanen Muttaf. Bugu da ƙari, addinin ya haɗa da halittun allahntaka, a matsayin mutanen da suka yi yaƙi don kiyaye abubuwan da suka yi imani da su yayin da ake rinjayi su ƙarƙashin ikon addinai irin su Islama Sun kafa daula guda inda mutane suke zaune, da kuma wani yanki na alloli tsarkaka, da kuma na uku matsakaici na duniya wanda yake hulda da duka inda halittun allahntaka suke. Ana iya kiran waɗannan ruhohi tare da sadarwa tare da mabiyan Fali, don yin afuwa ga alloli tsarkaka a madadin mai bi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan alloli na allahntaka na masarautar ta tsakiya sun hada da kwayoyin halittar da zasu iya bada buri, kadoji masu alfarma wadanda za a nema da yabawa, da kuma bakar macijin. By 2009, wani girma rabo daga Fali Kirdi ya tuba zuwa Kristanci, ko da yake da yawa daga wadannan sabobin tuba har yanzu kula da su syncretic tsatstsauran ra'ayin Yawan Fali a cikin duka sun fi mutane 250, 000, ko kusan daidai da yawan mutanen Suriname (2017). A yanzu, kashi 99 na Fali kirista ne. Manyan majami'u a ƙasar Fali, waɗanda suke yankin arewa maso yamma na Kamaru, sune Katolika, Baptist, da EYN tare da churchesan majami'u Pentikostal da suka fito a recentan kwanakin nan.
Manazarta Al'ummomin Nijeriya
Al'adun Najeriya
Al'ummomi
Harsunan Nijeriya
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27190 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutar%20Covid-19%20A%20Cikin%20Ciki | Cutar Covid-19 A Cikin Ciki | Tasirin kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 akan ciki ba a san shi gaba ɗaya ba saboda rashin ingantaccen bayanai. Idan akwai ƙarin haɗari ga mata masu ciki da masu ciki, ya zuwa yanzu ba a iya gano shi cikin sauri ba.
Hasashen da aka danganta da irin wannan cututtuka irin su SARS da MERS sun nuna cewa mata masu juna biyu suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani amma bincike daga bincike har zuwa yau ya nuna cewa halayen asibiti na COVID-19 ciwon huhu a cikin mata masu juna biyu sun yi kama da wadanda an ruwaito daga manya marasa ciki.
Babu wani bayanan da ke nuna haɗarin zubar da ciki na asarar ciki saboda COVID-19 kuma binciken da aka yi tare da SARS da MERS ba sa nuna alaƙa tsakanin kamuwa da kuma cuta da zubar da ciki ko asara na biyu na uku.
Ba a sani ba tukuna ko yanayin da ke tasowa yayin daukar ciki ciki har da ciwon sukari, gazawar zuciya, hypercoagulability ko hauhawar jini na iya wakiltar ƙarin abubuwan haɗari ga mata masu juna biyu kamar yadda suke yi ga mata marasa ciki.
Daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ake da su, watsawa a tsaye a cikin uku na uku mai yiwuwa ba ya faruwa, ko kuma kawai yana faruwa da wuya. Har yanzu babu bayanai kan farkon daukar ciki.
Bincike game da COVID-19 a cikin ciki Shaidu kaɗan sun wanzu don ba da damar kowane tabbataccen sakamako game da yanayin kamuwa da COVID-19 a cikin ciki.
Tasiri akan mata masu juna biyu A cikin Mayu 2020, Kwalejin Royal na Ma'aikatan Lafiya da Gynecologists (RCOG) da Royal College of Midwives (RCM) sun ba da rahoton sakamakon binciken Tsarin Kula da Mace na Burtaniya (UKOSS) na mata masu juna biyu 427 da jariransu. Wannan binciken ya nuna cewa mata masu juna biyu 4.9 a cikin 1000 an shigar da su asibiti tare da COVID-19 kuma 1 cikin 10 na waɗannan suna buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi.
Sakamakon binciken wannan binciken ya goyi bayan shawarwarin da suka gabata cewa mata masu juna biyu ba su da haɗarin rashin lafiya mai tsanani fiye da mata marasa ciki. Hakanan ana amfani da irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗari: matan da ke cikin binciken sun fi dacewa a kwantar da su a asibiti idan sun tsufa, kiba ko kiba, ko kuma suna da yanayin da suka gabata kamar ciwon sukari ko hawan jini. Mata biyar ne suka mutu amma har yanzu ba a bayyana ko kwayar cutar ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar ba. Tunda yawancin matan da suka yi rashin lafiya sun kasance a cikin uku na uku na ciki, RCOG da RCM sun jaddada mahimmancin nisantar da jama'a ga wannan rukunin. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 55% na mata masu juna biyu da aka kwantar a asibiti tare da COVID-19 sun fito ne daga bakar fata ko kuma wasu tsirarun kabilu (BAME), wanda ya zarce adadin matan BAME a cikin jama'ar Burtaniya. Da take magana ga RCOG, Dr Christine Ekechi ta ce yana da matukar damuwa cewa sama da rabin wadanda aka kwantar a asibiti sun fito ne daga asalin BAME, cewa an riga an sami "rauni mai dorewa" ga wannan rukunin, kuma RCOG tana sabunta jagora. don rage ƙofa don bita, yarda da la'akari da haɓaka kulawa ga mata masu ciki na asalin BAME. Haɗin gwiwar Bincike da Bincike na Burtaniya a cikin Likitan Mata da Gynecology sun gudanar da babban kimantawa na ayyukan kula da lafiyar mata a Burtaniya dangane da yanayin bala'in cutar, ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki a cikin dogon lokaci don samar da sabis na kula da mata masu juna biyu.
Jerin shari'o'in mata 43 daga New York waɗanda suka gwada inganci don COVID-19 sun nuna irin wannan tsari ga manya waɗanda ba masu juna biyu ba: 86% suna da ƙarancin cuta, 9.3% suna da cuta mai tsanani kuma 4.7% sun kamu da cuta mai mahimmanci. Wani bincike ya gano lamuran COVID-19 ciwon huhu a cikin ciki sun fi sauƙi kuma suna da murmurewa.
Wani bincike na mata 9 da suka kamu da cutar a cikin uku na uku na ciki daga Wuhan, China, ya nuna cewa sun nuna zazzabi (a cikin shida daga cikin marasa lafiya tara), ciwon tsoka (cikin uku), ciwon makogwaro (cikin biyu) da rashin lafiya (cikin biyu). Bacin rai tayi ta shiga biyu. Babu daya daga cikin matan da ya kamu da cutar COVID-19 mai tsanani ko kuma ta mutu. Dukkansu suna da ciki mai rai kuma ba a ga ciwon asphyxia mai tsanani ba. Samfurori na madarar nono, ruwan amniotic, jinin igiya da swab na makogwaro na jarirai an gwada su don SARS-CoV-2, kuma duk sakamakon ya kasance mara kyau.
A wani binciken kan mata masu juna biyu 15, yawancin marasa lafiya sun nuna zazzabi da tari, yayin da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje suka haifar da lymphocytopenia a cikin marasa lafiya 12. Abubuwan da aka lissafa na waɗannan marasa lafiya sun yi daidai da rahotannin baya-bayan nan game da marasa lafiya marasa ciki, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarancin gilashin ƙasa a matakin farko. Hotunan da aka biyo bayan bayarwa ba su nuna ci gaban ciwon huhu ba.
Rahotanni daga kafafen yada labarai sun nuna cewa sama da mata 100 da ke dauke da COVID-19 na iya haihuwa, kuma a cikin Maris 2020, ba a sami rahoton mutuwar mata masu juna biyu ba. A watan Afrilun 2020, wata mata mai juna biyu mai shekaru 27 da haihuwa a cikin makonni 30 ta mutu a Iran Mutuwar ta na iya kasancewa COVID-19 ne ya haddasa ta.
RCOG ta ba da shawarar a farkon Afrilu 2020 cewa saboda ciki yanayi ne na hypercoagulable kuma mutanen da aka kwantar da su a asibiti tare da COVID-19 suma suna da karfin jini, kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 na iya ƙara haɗarin thromboembolism mai jijiya kuma wannan haɗarin na iya haɓaka ta hanyar rage motsi. saboda ware kai. Sharuɗɗan nasu don haka suna ba da shawarar cewa duk mace mai ciki da aka shigar da ita asibiti tare da kamuwa da cuta ta COVID-19 ya kamata ta sami aƙalla kwanaki 10 na heparin mai ƙarancin nauyi na prophylactic bayan an sallame ta daga asibiti.
Kwanan nan, an ƙaddamar da Rijistar International ta Coronavirus Exposure in Pregnancy (IRCEP) a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Pregistry da Harvard TH Chan Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a.
Tasiri akan aiki Akwai ƙayyadaddun bayanai game da illolin cututtukan COVID-19 ga aiki. Al-kuraishy et al. An ba da rahoton cewa COVID-19 a cikin ciki na iya ƙara haɗarin haihuwa kafin haihuwa. Ana ɗaukar haihuwa da wuri a matsayin babban sakamako na COVID-19 ciwon huhu yayin daukar ciki. Binciken UKOSS ya gano cewa matsakaicin shekarun haihuwa a lokacin haihuwa shine makonni 38 kuma kashi 27% na matan da aka yi nazari sun haihu kafin haihuwa. Daga cikin wadannan, kashi 47% an yi musu maganin ne saboda hadarin da ke tattare da lafiyar uwa kuma kashi 15% na faruwa ne saboda hadarin da tayi.
Tasiri kan tayin A halin yanzu babu wani bayani da zai nuna ƙarin haɗarin zubar da ciki ko asarar ciki da wuri dangane da COVID-19.
Watsawa Nazarin farko ya nuna babu wata shaida don watsa COVID-19 a tsaye daga uwa zuwa yaro a ƙarshen ciki amma ƙarin rahotannin kwanan nan sun nuna cewa watsa a tsaye na iya faruwa a wasu lokuta.
Binciken farko ya gano wasu yara biyu da suka kamu da COVID-19 amma an yi la'akari da cewa yiwuwar watsawa ya faru a lokacin haihuwa.
Hakanan ana iya lura cewa mahaifar ɗan adam tana bayyana abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci a cikin cututtukan COVID-19.
Ƙarin ƙananan binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ana iya yiwuwa watsawa a tsaye. Yarinya yarinya da aka haifa ga uwa tare da COVID-19 ta haɓaka matakan IgM sa'o'i biyu bayan haihuwa, yana nuna cewa ta kamu da cutar a cikin mahaifa kuma tana tallafawa yuwuwar watsawa a tsaye a wasu lokuta. Wani ɗan ƙaramin binciken da ya ƙunshi 6 ya tabbatar da cewa iyayen COVID-19 sun nuna babu alamun SARS-CoV-2 a cikin makogwaron jariransu ko maganin jini amma ƙwayoyin rigakafi sun kasance a cikin samfuran sera na jini na jarirai, gami da IgM a cikin jarirai biyu. Ba a saba ba da wannan daga uwa zuwa tayin don haka ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don sanin ko kwayar cutar ta ratsa mahaifa ko kuma mahaifar mata da ke cikin binciken sun lalace ko kuma sun lalace.
An haifi saitin 'yan uku da wuri tare da COVID-19 a Babban Asibitin Ignacio Morones Prieto da ke San Luis Potosí, Mexico, a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2020. Duk iyaye biyu sun gwada rashin lafiya kuma an ba da rahoton cewa yaran sun kwanta.
Hasashe Tunda COVID-19 yana nuna kamanceceniya da SARS-CoV da MERS-CoV, da alama tasirinsu akan ciki yayi kama. A lokacin cutar ta 2002-03, an yi nazarin mata 12 da suka kamu da cutar ta SARS-CoV. Hudu daga cikin bakwai sun sami zubar da ciki na farkon trimester, biyu daga cikin biyar sun sami ƙuntatawa girma tayi a cikin na biyu trimester, kuma hudu daga cikin biyar sun sami haihuwa kafin haihuwa. Mata uku sun mutu yayin da suke da juna biyu. Babu daya daga cikin jariran da ya kamu da cutar SARS-CoV. Wani rahoto na lokuta goma na kamuwa da cutar MERS-CoV a cikin ciki a Saudi Arabiya ya nuna cewa gabatarwar asibiti yana canzawa, daga kamuwa da cuta mai laushi zuwa mai tsanani. Sakamakon ya yi kyau a mafi yawan lokuta, amma adadin mutuwar jarirai ya kasance kashi 27%.
Wani bita ya nuna cewa COVID-19 da alama ba shi da kisa ga iyaye mata da jarirai fiye da SARS da MERS amma ana iya samun ƙarin haɗarin haihuwa kafin haihuwa bayan makonni 28 na ciki.
Mata miliyan 47 a cikin kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaitan kasashe 114 UNFPA sun yi hasashen ba za su iya amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa na zamani ba idan matsakaita na kulle-kulle, ko rikice-rikicen da ke da alaka da COVID-19, ya ci gaba har na tsawon watanni 6 tare da manyan cikas ga ayyuka: A kowane watanni 3. Ana ci gaba da kulle-kulle, ana zaton an samu tartsatsi, har zuwa karin mata miliyan biyu ba za su iya amfani da maganin hana haihuwa na zamani ba. Idan aka ci gaba da kulle-kullen na tsawon watanni 6 kuma akwai manyan cikas na sabis saboda COVID-19, ana sa ran ƙarin ciki miliyan 7 da ba a yi niyya ba ta UNFPA. Adadin cikin da ba a yi niyya ba zai karu yayin da ake ci gaba da kulle-kullen da kuma tsawaita ayyukansu.
Shawarwari Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da Cibiyar Yaki da Cututtuka ta Amurka ta shawarci mata masu juna biyu da su rika yin abubuwa iri daya da sauran jama'a don gujewa kamuwa da cutar, kamar su rufe tari, guje wa cudanya da marasa lafiya, tsaftace hannu da sabulu da ruwa ko kuma tsabtace muhalli.
Magungunan rigakafin cutar covid-19 CDC yanzu tana ƙarfafa mata masu juna biyu su sami rigakafin COVID-19 Gabaɗaya shawarwari Asusun kula da yawan jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFPA) ya ba da shawarar matakan gabaɗaya guda bakwai don duk lokacin saduwa da majinyata da ke fuskantar kulawa:
Tabbatar da ma'aikata da majiyyata samun dama ga wuraren wanke hannu masu tsabta kafin shigar da kayan aiki.
Samun sabulu na yau da kullun a kowane wurin wanki na wurin kiwon lafiya tare da tsaftataccen kyalle ko tawul ɗin da za a iya zubarwa don busar da hannu.
Idan ungozoma suna ba da kulawar marasa lafiya kai tsaye, dole ne su yawaita wanke hannayensu da sabulu da ruwa na akalla daƙiƙa 20 kowane lokaci. Wannan dole ne ya faru kafin a ga kowace sabuwar mace da kuma sake kafin gwajin jiki. Ungozoma su sake wankewa nan da nan bayan jarrabawar sannan kuma da zarar majiyyaci ya fita. Hakanan ya kamata a yi wanka bayan tsaftace saman da tari ko atishawa. Hakanan ana iya amfani da tsabtace hannu musamman idan babu ruwa mai tsafta.
Ka guji taɓa baki, hanci ko idanu.
Yakamata a shawarci ma'aikata da marasa lafiya su yi tari a cikin nama ko gwiwar hannu su wanke hannu daga baya.
Ungozoma yakamata su kiyaye nisan zamantakewa na akalla tsawon hannaye 2 yayin kowace ziyarar asibiti. Matukar ana yin wankin hannu kafin da bayan gwajin jiki mata ba tare da an yi zargin ko an tabbatar da COVID-19 ba, gwajin jiki da tuntubar majiyyaci ya kamata a ci gaba kamar yadda aka saba, idan an wanke hannu kafin da bayan.
Fesa saman da marasa lafiya da ma'aikata ke amfani da su tare da bleach ko wani. Tabbatar goge saman saman tare da tawul na takarda ko zane mai tsabta a tsakanin marasa lafiya da wanke hannu.
Ungozoma ne ke gudanar da haihuwa, kulawa da haihuwa da haihuwa kuma suna wakiltar wasu muhimman ayyukan kula da lafiya a bangaren kiwon lafiyar mata kuma suna da alaka kai tsaye da yawan mace-mace da cututtuka.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa ma'aikatan SRMNAH, ciki har da ungozoma, an haɗa su a cikin gaggawa da tsare-tsaren rarraba don karɓar isasshen PPE da kuma daidaitawa yadda ake amfani da PPE daidai.
Tunda kulawar ungozoma tana ci gaba da zama muhimmin sabis da mata dole ne su samu damar shiga yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ungozoma su sami tallafi, nasiha da kuma sanin yadda za su sake tsara ayyuka don ci gaba da ba da kulawa mai inganci (watau mutunta shawarwarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na akalla. 2m tsakanin mata, kadan ne mai yiwuwa ungozoma masu kula da mace daya (kadan ma'aikata a dakin), tsaftar hannu).
Dole ne ungozoma su sami bayanan tushen shaida waɗanda za su iya kare kansu daga yin kwangilar COVID-19 yayin da suke kula da mace mai alama, ko kuma daga macen da ta kamu da cutar ta COVID-19.
Ungozoma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage kyama da yaƙi da yada imanin cewa ya kamata a guji wuraren kiwon lafiya don kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya/ba kwangilar COVID-19.
Ana iya tsammanin sake tsarawa/ cire kudade daga sassan da ungozoma ke aiki a kai, za a danganta shi kai tsaye da haɓakar cututtuka na mata da jarirai da mace-mace da ke ingiza ƙasashe nesa da manufar SDG.
Kulawar haihuwa RCOG da RCM suna ba da shawarar sosai cewa ya kamata a dauki kulawar haihuwa da na haihuwa a matsayin mahimmanci, kuma "mata masu ciki za su ci gaba da buƙatar aƙalla tallafi, shawara, kulawa da jagoranci dangane da ciki, haihuwa da haihuwa da wuri kamar da".
A watan Mayun 2020, mai magana da yawun kungiyar RCOG ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi gargadin bakar fata da sauran kananan kabilun mata cewa za su iya samun babbar hadarin kamuwa da cutar kuma a shawarce su da su nemi taimako da wuri idan sun damu. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya ya kamata su san haɗarin haɓakar haɗari kuma suna da ƙaramin ƙofa don yin bita, yarda da haɓaka kulawa da aka ba wa matan BAME. Don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, RCOG da RCM suna ba da shawarar cewa ana iya gudanar da wasu alƙawura daga nesa ta hanyar tarho ko taron bidiyo. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a birnin Shanghai a tsakanin mata masu juna biyu a cikin watanni uku daban-daban na ciki ya nuna cewa akwai bukatar samun bayanai da ayyukan lafiya ta yanar gizo. Matan da ke tsammanin jariri na farko sun fi son samun shawarwari da jagora akan layi fiye da waɗanda suka haifa a baya.
RCOG da RCM sun ba da shawarar cewa a jinkirta alƙawura na cikin mutum da kwanaki 7 bayan fara alamun COVID-19 ko kwanaki 14 idan wani a gidan yana da alamun cutar. Inda ake buƙatar alƙawura a cikin mutum, ana ba marasa lafiya masu juna biyu da alamun COVID-19 da aka tabbatar waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawar haihuwa su sanar da asibiti ko asibitin kafin su isa don a sanya maganin kamuwa da cuta.
Binciken duniya a Asibitin Presbyterian Allen na New York-Presbyterian Allen da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Columbia ta Irving sun gano cewa daga cikin marasa lafiya 215 masu juna biyu, hudu (1.9%) suna da alamun cutar kuma suna da alamun COVID-19 da 29 (13.7%) sun kasance asymptomatic amma an gwada inganci don wayar cutar. Zazzabi daga baya ya tashi a cikin marasa lafiya uku masu asymptomatic. Ɗaya daga cikin majiyyaci da ya gwada rashin lafiya daga baya ya zama alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma ya gwada inganci kwanaki uku bayan gwajin mara kyau na farko. Likitocin da ke gudanar da gwajin sun ba da shawarar cewa don rage kamuwa da cuta da kuma ware PPE, saboda yawan adadin marasa lafiya da ke nuna alamun asymptomatic, ya kamata a gudanar da aikin tantance masu juna biyu a duniya.
Lokacin aiki A cikin Burtaniya, ƙa'idodin hukuma sun nuna cewa ya kamata a ba wa mata izini kuma a ƙarfafa su su sami abokiyar haihuwa ɗaya mai asymptomatic tare da su yayin aikinsu da haihuwa.
Babu wata shaida dangane da idan akwai zubar da kwayar cutar a cikin farji, don haka yanayin haihuwa (farji ko caesarean) yakamata a tattauna da matar da ke naƙuda kuma a yi la'akari da abubuwan da take so idan babu wasu abubuwan da suka dace. Idan majiyyaci yana da shirin haihuwar caesarean ko shirin ƙaddamar da naƙuda, yakamata mutum ya tantance ko yana da lafiya a jinkirta aikin don rage haɗarin kamuwa da wasu. Samfuran ciki, irin su mahaifa, amnion da sauransu. Ba a nuna su suna da kamuwa da cutar coronavirus na haihuwa ko kamuwa da cuta ba, kuma ba sa haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar coronavirus.
RCOG da RCM sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a ba da shawarar epidural ga marasa lafiya da aka tabbatar ko ake zargi da COVID-19 a cikin naƙuda don a rage buƙatar maganin saƙar gabaɗaya idan ana buƙatar sa baki na gaggawa don haihuwa. Hakanan suna ba da shawarar cewa matan da ake zargi ko waɗanda aka tabbatar da COVID-19 yakamata su ci gaba da sa ido kan tayin ta lantarki. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da wuraren tafkunan haihuwa ba ga waɗanda ake zargi ko tabbatar da lamuran COVID-19 saboda haɗarin kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar najasa.
Kulawar bayan haihuwa A Burtaniya, shawarwarin hukuma sun nuna cewa bai kamata a yi taka-tsantsan na raba uwa da jariri mai lafiya da wasa ba kuma a ajiye su tare a lokacin haihuwa inda ba a bukatar kulawar jarirai. A cewar asusun kula da yawan jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ana karfafa wa mata gwiwa da su shayar da nonon uwa kamar yadda aka saba gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu tare da tuntubar masu ba da lafiya.
Littattafai daga kasar Sin sun ba da shawarar raba iyaye mata masu kamuwa da jarirai na tsawon kwanaki 14. A Amurka akwai kuma shawarar cewa dole ne a raba jarirai da iyaye mata na wani dan lokaci har sai an daina yin taka-tsantsan da ake yadawa, kuma inda hakan ba zai yiwu ba a ajiye jarirai tazarar mita 2 daga uwa.
Bayan haka, wasu jagororin yanzu sun haɗa da cewa ya kamata a ƙarfafa iyaye mata masu COVID-19 su shayar da nono idan za su iya, amma su sa kayan kariya na sirri don yin hakan. An ba da wannan shawarar, ganin cewa kamuwa da ciwon jarirai gabaɗaya yana da sauƙi kuma galibi yana da asymptomatic, kuma amfanin shayarwa na iya wuce haɗarin watsawa.
UNFPA ta ba da shawarar cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci duk mata su sami damar haihuwa lafiya, ci gaba da kula da mata masu juna biyu da haihuwa, gami da gwaje-gwajen tantancewa bisa ga ka'idoji da ka'idoji na kasa, musamman a wuraren barkewar cutar, inda samun damar yin hidima ga mata masu juna biyu, mata masu nakuda. da haihuwa, da kuma masu shayarwa mata suna da mummunar tasiri.
Tasirin cutar ta COVID-19 ga mata masu juna biyu A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Women, da shagala da hankali da kuma m albarkatun daga lafiyar mata wajen haihuwa iya exacerbate masu juna biyu mace-mace da kuma wajen kisa da kuma kara kudi na matashi ciki. Asusun kula da yawan jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da shawarar cewa samun damar haihuwa lafiya, kulawar haihuwa, kulawar bayan haihuwa da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje bisa ka'idojin kasa yana da matukar muhimmanci, musamman a wuraren da cutar ta mamaye asibitoci, ta yadda lafiyar haihuwa ta yi tasiri sosai.
Duba kuma Tasirin jinsi na cutar COVID-19
Tasirin cutar ta COVID-19 akan zubar da ciki a Amurka
Manazarta Covid-19
Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba |
15899 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olusegun%20Adejumo | Olusegun Adejumo | Olusegun Adejumo ɗan Najeriya ne mai zane-zane,wanda aka san shi da zane-zanen mutane, Shi ne daraktan Gidan Zane-Zane, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne shugaban Guild of Professional Fine Artists Nigeria. Adejumo yana zaune kuma yana aiki a Legas, Najeriya.
Ilimi, rayuwa da aiki An haifi Adejumo a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 1965 a Legas. Ya kuma halarci Kwalejin Ilimi ta Yaba a shekarar 1982 zuwa shekara ta 1987 kuma ya kammala da Babbar difloma ta kasa (HND) a aikin zane. Daga shekarar 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1988, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Malami mai Zane a Makarantar Fasaha ta Jihar Legas. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a Kamfanin Talla a shekara ta 1988.
Nunin
Shirya ayyukan 2017: Bankalubalen Fasaha na Bankin Union.. OneDraw Gallery tare da haɗin gwiwar Union Bank of Nigeria PLC 2017: Co-curator tawagar gwamnatin jihar Legas, Nunin Kwana na Kwana 3 Rasheed Gbadamosi Eko Art Expo, Lagos a 50
Zaɓaɓɓun nune-nunen nune-nunen 2014: motsin rai, Mydrim Gallery, Lagos
2011: Les Designs d 'Olusegun Adejumo, City Mall, Lagos
2011: Manufa da Manufofin, Gidan Gidan Gida, Port Harcourt
2010: Yi baje kolin neman kudi don tallafawa kansar nono da sankarar mahaifa, Bloom Project, Hall Hall, Lagos
2007: Maganganu, Sandiland Arcade, VI Lagos
2004: Kwanan nan, Gidan Bayanai na Truview, Lagos
2004: Aikin Zane Zane, Fasali Na Daya, Gidan Tarihin Framemaster, Lagos
1998: Akan Neman, Gidan Baƙon Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, Lagos
1994: Zane-zanen kwanan nan, Chevron Estate, Lagos
1994: Zane-zanen kwanan nan a cikin Ruwan ruwa, Fenchurch Gallery, Lagos
1992: San uwan juna daban-daban, Sans Culturel Francaise, Alliance Francais, Lagos
1992: San uwan juna daban-daban, Club, Sheraton Hotels da Towers, Lagos
Zaɓaɓɓun nune-nunen ƙungiyoyi 2016: Catharsis, Kungiyoyin kwararrun kwararrun mawaƙa na Najeriya, Terra Kulture, Lagos
2016: Oreze IV, wani taron baje kolin girmamawa ga Mai Martaba Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, Obi na Onitsha (Agbogidi)
2015: Art ne Life (Inganta Fasaha da Al'adar Nijeriya), Total Village, Lagos
2015: Oreze IV, wani taron baje kolin girmamawa ga Mai Martaba Nnaemeka Alfred Ugochukwu Achebe, Obi na Onitsha (Agbogidi)
2015: Kayayyaki marasa iyaka, Terra Kulture, Lagos
2014: Bambanci na 2, Terra Kulture, Lagos
2012: Ba komai sai Gaskiya, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos
2012: Tare, Babban Taron Tattalin Arzikin Kudu-Kudu, Asaba
2012: Cikakken Muhimmin, Nunin Hotunan Zamanin Najeriya, Siffofi da Fasaha, London 2012 Wasannin Olympic Paralympic, Stratford
2010: Crux of Matter, Guild na ofwararrun Artwararrun Artwararrun ofwararrun Nijeriya, Lagos
2010: maras lokaci, Nunin Baje kolin Annual na 10, Mydrim Gallery, Lagos
2010: Tsohuwar zamani, Jihar Legas tana bikin Nijeriya a 50, Federal Palace Hotel, Lagos
2009: Launuka na Fata, Nunin Tallafawa Yaran da ke Rayuwa da Gidauniyar Cancer, Filin lasisin zane-zane, Lagos
2009: Yin tafiya tare da Masters, Price Waterhouse Coopers, Lagos
2009: Besançon vu par Nina et Adejumo, Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe, Jami'ar de Frache Comte Besançon Faransa
2009: Tattaunawa tsakanin Al'adu, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Alliance Française da Society of Nigerian Artist, Lagos
2008: resofar shiga, ildungiyar Artwararrun Artwararrun ofwararrun Nigeriawararrun Nijeriya, Lagos
2008: Nunin baje koli, Lagos
2008: Nunin Bugun Giclee, Hue Concept, Terra Kulture, Lagos
2008: Ruwan Oktoba, ofungiyar Artwararrun Nigerianwararrun Nigerianan Nijeriya, Nigerianasar Legas
2008: Launuka na Fata, Nunin Tallafawa Yaran da ke Rayuwa da Cutar Kansa, Lagos
2007: Jarin, Sachs Gallery, Lagos
2007: Launuka na Fata, Nunin Tallafawa Yaran da ke Rayuwa da Cutar Kansa, Terra Kulture, Lagos
2007: Treananan asuresananan Bayanai, Fairananan Fasaha na Fasaha, Framemaster Ltd, Lagos
2007: Hotunan Hellenic da Mawallafin Fasaha Hudu na Nijeriya a Fassara, Ofishin Jakadancin Girka, Lagos
2006: Baje kolin Firimiya, Kungiyar Ruwan Ruwan Najeriya, Terra Kulture, Lagos
2005: Sabuntawa, ofungiyar Artwararrun Nigerianan Nijeriya, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos
2005: Concert of Five, Gidan Rediyon Rayuwa, Abuja
2005: 5th Exhibation Pastel Exhibition, Mydrim Gallery, Lagos
2004: Zanen Hotuna, Gidan Hoto na Hourglass, Lagos
2004: Matrix da Muse, Framemaster Gallery, Legas
2004: An zaba ne don bikin baje koli na 19 na Philadelphia na Artpo, Gallery na Oktoba, USA
2002: Manyan bayanai, Nunin Kayan Tarihi na Shekarar 2 na shekara, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos
2002: Rockungiyar Aso Rock, Gidauniyar Afirka ta Fasaha, Legas
2002: Jigida, Babban Room, Gidan Grosevenor, Lane Park, Landan
2000: Takeauki Mace guda ɗaya, Atrium Gallery, London
2000: Haske na Farko, Gidan Tarihin Vermilion, Lagos
2000: Bayan Bango, Gidan Tarihin Vermilion, Lagos
1998: Daga Gidan Jariri, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Yaba, Cibiyar Goethe, Legas
1997: Young Master Artist Club, Gallery Gallery, Lagos
1997: Artist shida, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos
1994: Rahamar Ibada, Mauba Gallery, Lagos
1994: Bar shi ya gudana, Gidan Tarihin Mydrim, Lagos
1992: Dubun dubatar Tunani, Gidan Tarihi na Mydrim, Lagos
1991: Fantsar launuka, Sarkar Abincin Terri, Lagos
1989: Fasaha da Sana'o'in Najeriya, Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka, Lagos
1988: Tattarawa, Barnette Gallery, Lagos
'Yan gwanjo 2013: Arthouse Contemporary Limited 'Na Zamani da Na Zamani', Lagos
2013: TKMG, Terra Kulture Mydrim Gallery, Gasar Hannun Kwalliyar Legas
2011: TKMG, Terra Kulture Mydrim Gallery, Tallan Art, Legas
2011: Arthouse Contemporary Limited 'Na Zamani da Na Zamani', Lagos
Ayyukan da aka zaba Rufin Fresco, Hasumiyar Gidaje huɗu Masu Neman Shawarwari (Ginin Iliya akan titin Ereko)
Hoton Farfesa Odunjo na Sashin Nazarin Lafiyar Jiki, Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas
Hoton 1988 Rotary President, Barrister Solaru, Rotary Club District 911
Zaɓin ƙwarewar bita 2011: Tarihin rayuwa- Wole Soyinka, Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Kasa, Legas
Zaɓaɓɓun zane zane Babu Abinci ga Eze, Farafina Littattafan Ilimi, Kachifo Limited
Babu Makaranta ga Eze, Farafina Littattafan Ilimi, Kachifo Limited
Gurasa Kawai Don Eze, Farafina Littattafan Ilimi, Kachifo Limited
Taron karawa juna sani 2012: Na raba kwarewar aikina, Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife
2011: Rayuwa a matsayin Mai zane-zane a cikin karni na 21, Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife
2008: Yan Najeriya Suna Aiki. Taron Masu Ruwa Da Fasaha Na Nijeriya 3 na Cibiyar Bunkasa Fasaha ta Afirka (AARC)
2007: Matashin Mawaki da Wurin Kasuwarsa Yin iyo Akan Ruwa (Art Zero), National Gallery of Art, Lagos
Kyauta da ikon zama 2016: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin
2015: Girmamawa ga Gidauniyar Efua Nubuke ta Gabas Legon, Accra, Ghana
2013: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin
2012: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin
2011: Zama, lectungiyoyin Artan Wasan Afirka Ta Yamma, Villa Karon kulttuurilehti, Grand Popo, Jamhuriyar Benin
1997: Jerin sunayen wadanda aka zaba don Kyautar Hadin gwiwar Dukiyar Jama'a
1984: Mafi Kyawun ɗalibai a Fannin Fasaha, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba, Kyautar Gidan Gala na Gong
Haɗa kai da membobinsu Kungiya ta Fine Artist Nigeria (GFAN)
Ofungiyar Mawallafin Nigerianan Nijeriya (SNA)
Stoneungiyar Kasashen Duniya, Nijeriya (ISLN)
Coungiyar Ruwan Ruwa ta Najeriya (WSN)
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Official Website One Draw Gallery Mutane
Yan'siyasan |
24092 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Musawi | Al-Musawi | Al-Musawi (kalman pronounced [ɪl'mu: səwi sunan mahaifi ne wanda wataƙila yana nuna cewa mutum ya fito ne daga babban gida mai mutunci da asalin ƙasa wanda ya fito daga Muhammad ta hannun Al Imam Musa al-Kadhim ibn Jafar a matsayin Sadiq (limamin Shi'a guda bakwai 7).
Ana kiran membobin wannan dangi ta sigar anglicised sunan su Hashemites Suna kullum ba da honorific suna Sayyid kafin su sunan farko. Fassarar ainihin kalman Larabci Sayyid Sir a Turanci Duk da cewa babu rubutattun bayanai ko nazarin halittu da aka yi akan wannan dangi, tarihin furuci ya yi iƙirarin cewa sunan yana nuna cewa wannan mutumin asalin zuriyar annabin Musulunci ne Muhammad: Jikan annabi Musa al-Kadhim na bakwai. Hakanan wasu ūan Muwaisawa suna ɗaukar sunan Kazmi na ƙarshe. Masawa da yawa sun yi hijira daga Makka da Madina Saudiya zuwa wani karamin kauye da kakansu Musa Al-Kadhim ya gina a Bagadaza Iraki Manyan 'yan uwa suna cikin Iraki, kuma su ma suna cikin wasu ƙasashe kamar Lebanon, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, da sauran ƙasashen Larabawa, amma yanzu sun bazu zuwa ƙasashen yamma da yawa.
Iyalan Al Musawi dangi ne na Larabawa masu tasiri saboda suna da alaƙa da Annabi Muhammadu. Zuriyar su ne kai tsaye daga Musa Al-Kadhim wanda ɗan Imam Ja'afar al-Sadik ɗan Imam Muhammad Al-Baƙir ɗan Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin ɗan Imam Hussain ɗan Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib da dan Fatimah ‘yar Muhammadu Ana kiran membobin gidan Al-Mūsawi da taken Sayed a zahiri yana nufin Mista ko Sir A matsayin take mai daraja, yana nuna mazan da aka karɓa a matsayin zuriyar Muhammadu kai tsaye. Mambobi galibi musulmai ne na Shi’a da aka samu a Iraki, Iran da sauran wurare a duniya
Tushen dangin Al-Mūsawi sun fito ne daga Babban kabilar Banu Hashim, dangin Quraishawa, wanda ya sanya su Adnani Larabawa ko Larabawan Arewa waɗanda suka samo asali daga Ibrahim ta hannun ɗansa Isma'il a Mesopotamiya, yanzu Iraki, a tsohon garin Ur, kusa da Nasariyah, a Kudancin Iraki.
Fitattun membobi Abul-Hasan Muhammad bn Al-Hussein Al-Musawi "ash-Sharif al-Radhi" shekara ta 930 zuwa shekara ta 977 malamin musulmi ne kuma mawaki wanda aka haifa a Bagadaza. Littafinsa da ya shahara shi ne Nahj al-Balaghah wanda ya tattara tarin maganganun Imam Ali da jawabansa.
Hazrat Ishaan shekara ta (1563 zuwa shekara ta 1642) an haife shi a Bukhara Ya kasance magaji kuma zuriyar Shah Bahauddin Naqshband Bukhari kuma fitaccen Faqih kuma wali a Daular Moghul Har ila yau, ya kasance mafi girman ikon ilimi a Kashmir da Lahore Shi da zuriyarsa wakilan suna ne na Imam Musa al-Kadhim A cikin kasashen GCC Sayed Ala Sayed Mohammad Sayed Ahmed Sayed Abed AlMusawi]]: Kwararren likitan tiyata ne na Kuwait da Maxillofacial kuma tsohon malamin jami'a. Babban dan Sayed Ahmed Sayed Abed AlMusawi tsohon mamba na gwamnatin Kuwaiti, yana da titin a cikin Kuwaiti mai suna (Titin Sayed Ahmed Sayed Abed Al Mousawi) Don haka ya mai da shi daya daga cikin mutanen da suka mai da Kuwait kasar ta zama a yau. Link: https://www.pressreader.com/kuwait/arab-times/20151125/282406988262655
Sulaimaan Rabi 'Al-Musawi-shekara ta (1812-zuwa shekara ta 1895) sanannen malamin Kuwait ne wanda ya koyar da Mubarak Babban Sarkin Kuwait. Ya bude makaranta a babban masallacin Kuwait Mohammed Mehdi al -Qazwini mashahurin malamin addini, ya ba da shawarar bangon Kuwait na uku a shekara ta 1920.
Muhammad Hassan Al -Musawi -shekara ta (1912 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995) ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun malamai masu fafutukar neman ilimi a Kuwaiti. Jikan Sayyid Sulaimaan Rabi 'Al-Musawi ne. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban makarantar Jafari a Kuwait kuma ya gabatar da Makarantar Turanci da Larabci da Nahawu. Ya yi aiki daga shekara ta 1942 zuwa shekara ta 1973 inda ya sami taken "Malamin Zamani". Ya ci gaba da sake tsara manhajojin darussa daban-daban da suka haɗa da Kimiyya da PE, ya gabatar da tsarin jarabawar Hadin Kai, Lambobin Kuɗi, Rahoton Makaranta (Rubututtuka), waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da su a duk makarantun gwamnati a Kuwait. Lokacin da ya yi rashin lafiya kuma aka yi masa tayin tura shi kasashen waje don neman magani, ya ki cewa "Ba na son in mutu a wata kasa mai ban mamaki." Muhammad Baqir al -Muhri shekara ta (1948 zuwa shekara ta 2015) yana daya daga cikin fitattun malamai a tarihin Kuwait. Ya kasance mataimaki na kusan marja'a guda sha biyar 15, wanda ya kafa Majalisar Dangantakar Musulunci da Kirista, wanda ya kafa Kungiyar Malaman Musulmai a Kuwait, Limamin Masallacin Imam Ali a Kuwait, dan siyasa kuma marubucin jarida, kuma marubucin Falsafa da sirrin littafin Hajji.
Dhiyaa Al -Musawi marubuci kuma malami a Bahrain.
Hussain Al-Musawi- dan kwallon Kuwait kuma daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Al-Arabi SC.
A Iraki Nasrallah al-Haeri- masanin addini kuma mawaƙi, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattaunawar musulinci a cikin zamanin Ottoman.
Madhiha Hassan al -Mosuwi ma'aikaciyar agaji ga gwamnatin Iraki wanda wasu mutane suka fara kiran "Uwar Teresa na Bagadaza"
Husain al-Radi- babban sakataren jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Iraki, an kashe shi bayan azabtarwa a Qasr Al-Nihaya a shekara ta 1963 (Radi dan asalin Musawi ne)
Musa al -Musawi wanda aka sani da rubuta rubuce -rubucen bita da kulli kan Musulunci
Ibrahim al -Jaafari dan siyasa wanda ya kasance Firayim Ministan Iraki a gwamnatin rikon kwaryar Iraqi daga shekara ta 2005 zuwa shekara ta 2006, bayan zaben Janairu shekara ta 2005. Ya kasance Ministan Harkokin Waje daga shekara ta 2014 zuwz shekara ta 2018.
Hassan al -Qazwini wanda ya kafa kuma jagoran Cibiyar Musulunci ta Amurka a Dearborn Heights, Michigan, mai wakiltar reshen Musulunci na Twelver Shi'a.
In Lebanon Abbas al -Musawi shekara ta (1952 16 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1992) fitaccen Malamin Musulmi ne.
Husayn Al-Musawi-ɗan ƙasar Lebanon ne wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Amal Islamic Amal da aka rushe yanzu a shekara ta 1982.
Ibrahim Mousawi ɗan jaridar Lebanon ne kuma jami'in hulɗa da kafofin watsa labarai.
In Iran Ruhollah Khomeini (Satumba shekara ta 1902 -zuwa 3 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1989) ya kasance jagoran addinin Iran kuma masani, ɗan siyasa, kuma jagoran juyin juya halin Iran na shekara ta 1979. (Khomaini dan asalin Mūsawi ne, ya fito daga daular Safawiyya. Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei- daya daga cikin fitattun malaman addinin Shi'a na karni na ashirin 20.
Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri malamin Shi'a ne 'yan sha-biyu na Iran, ya kasance tsohon wakilin Wali-Faqih a lardin Khuzestan Ahwaz Imam na Juma'a.
Abdorrahim Musavi shine Babban Hafsan Hafsoshin Sojojin Iran.
Mujtaba Musavi Lari Malamin Addinin Shi'a ne na 'yan -sha -biyu.
Ali Mousavi dan wasan kwallon kafa na Iran
Ƙasashen Indiya Imam Awliya Hazrat Ishaan Babban Waliyya a Sunni Islam
Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Monuddin Hadi Naqshband Son da magajin Hazrat Ishaan
Sayyid ul Sadaat Hazrat Sayyid Mir Jan Zuriyar kuma magajin Hazrat Ishaan
Sayyid ul Sadaat Sayyid Mahmud Agha Dan uwa kuma magajin Sayyid Mir Jan
Hamid Hussain Musavi babban malamin zamaninsa a Indiya.
Iyalan Al-Mosawi Al-Korsan
Mahmodawi
Gardēzī Sadaat
Madrouni
Al Gharawi
Sadr
Safavi
Al-Shammaa
Al-hashemi
Shahristani
Sharif al-Ulama
Al Hussaini
Wasu daga cikin dangin Almazidi
Nasrallah
Sharaf Al Din
Nassoshi
Duba kuma Daular |
23122 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Okagbue | Chris Okagbue | Chris Okagbue (an haife shi Okechukwu Christopher Ofala Okechukwu Okagbue, 23 ga Yuni 1987) abin koyi ne na Najeriya, ɗan wasa, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma tauraron talabijin na gaske. Shi ne wanda ya yi nasara a lokacin nunin gaskiya na Gulder Ultimate Search zango na 8. Shi ɗan kabilar Igbo ne kuma ɗan tsohon Obi na Onitsha ne Tarihi da ilimi Okagbue ɗan Onitsha ne a jihar Anambra Tagwaye ne. An haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta na tsohon Obi na Onitsha, marigayi HRH Obi Ofala Okechukwu Okagbue da Ogechukwu Clara Okagbue, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1987. Iyayensa suna da ƴaƴan shida, wato ƙanwarsa Sandra Okagbue wacce tsohuwar abar nuni ce kuma sarauniya kyau, ɗan'uwansa tagwaye Christian, da kanne mata uku, Jane, Christabel da Bella. Ya yi digiri a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Legas.
Sana'a Farkon fara kasuwancinsa a matsayin abin koyi a 2004, lokacin da ya fito a cikin tallace-tallace na kamfanoni kamar Cadbury Plc, MTN, Nigerian Breweries, Coca-Cola da Airtel yana da shekaru 17. Ya koma wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2007 lokacin da aka ba shi sashi bayan ya raka abokansa zuwa wani taron kallo kuma ya yanke shawarar gwada shi. Sannan ya bayyana a matsayin Preye Pepple a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV The Station Achor Yusuf ne ya jagoranci shirin wanda kuma ya ba shi rawar wasan kwaikwayo na biyu a matsayin Lucky Edeghor a cikin shirin TV The Maze Okagbue ya huta daga wasan kwaikwayo na wani lokaci har sai da ya sami aikin da ya yi sha'awar, yana gabatar da talabijin. Ya ɗan ɗan yi ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Koga Studios kuma a lokacin ya rufe raye-rayen jan kafet na manyan abubuwan da suka faru kamar ƙaddamar da kundi na farko na Wizkid, Superstar, Yemi Sax's Sax Appeal concert da DJ Jimmy Jatt 's Jumpoff concert. Ya koma yin aiki ba da daɗewa ba a matsayin Victor a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV Asirin da Scandals Hutu ta zo ne lokacin da aka ba shi matsayin Emil Haruna a cikin shirin M-NET TV na Tinsel Ya fara fitowa a fim din sinima tare da karamin rawa a cikin fim din A Wish, sannan fim din Playing Safe, wanda Elvis Chuks ya jagoranta. Babban aikinsa shi ne a matsayin jagora a cikin manyan yabo fim Lotanna Ya taka rawar Lotanna a cikin fim din da ta fito da jarumar 'yar Ghana Ama K. Abebrese, Jide Kosoko, Bimbo Manuel, Victor Olaotan da Liz Benson Ya fara fitowa a dandalin wasan barkwanci mai suna Zazzabin Zabe wanda ya nuna gwamnatin Najeriya da tsarin zabenta. Bolanle Austen-Peters ne ya jagoranci wasan, kuma Gidauniyar Ford Foundation, British Council da kuma bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Legas ne suka dauki nauyin wasan.
Okagbue ya fito a fina-finai tare da Joke Silva, Fella Makafui, Tonto Dike, Ini Edo, Ama K. Abebrese, Jide Kosoko, Martha Ankomah, Bimbo Manuel, Ngozi Ezeonu, Victor Olaotan da Liz Benson da dai sauransu, kuma ya yi aiki da daraktoci kamar su. Obi Emelonye, Elvis Chuks, Toka Mcbaror, Victor Sanchez Aghahowa, Achor Yusuf, James Omokwe and Moses Inwang. A cikin 2012, Okagbue ya zama jakadan alama na Passion Energy Drink, ta Orange Drugs Limited. Ya bayyana a duka TV da buga tallace-tallace don alamar. A cikin 2018, an sanar da Okagbue a matsayin jakadan bikin na hukuma ta Nollywood Travel Film Festival don bugu na 2018 na bikin
Gulder Ultimate Search 8 mai nasara Okagbue ya ci nasara a kakar wasa ta 8 na nunin gaskiya Gulder Ultimate Search a cikin 2011. An gudanar da bikin ne a tsaunin Kukuruku da ke Egbetua quarters, Akoko-Edo na jihar Edo kuma mai taken "Gasar Zakarun Turai". Aikin shine nemo kwalkwali na biyu da aka rasa na Janar Maximilian Daga cikin masu fafatawa 30 na farko, an zabo zakara goma don bayyana a wasan. Okagbue ya fito a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara. Kyaututtukan da ya samu a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar sun hada da naira miliyan bakwai na Najeriya, SUV da alawus ₦500,000 na tsawon shekara guda. Sakamakon zaben da aka yi masa na daya daga cikin manyan ukun da suka yi nasara a wasan, ya koma Gulder Ultimate Search Season 9 mai taken "Masu Tsaron Gate" inda aka tuhume shi da rawar da ya taka ta musamman na Mai tsaron Kofa.
Rayuwa ta sirri Okagbue yana da ƙauna marar iyaka ga birnin Paris da kuma Faransawa gaba ɗaya. Ya bayyana a wata hira da jaridar The Punch game da abin da ya faru a lokacin hutu na iyali zuwa Faransa cewa ya yi imanin cewa Paris ana kiranta "Birnin Soyayya" saboda mutanen Faransa suna abokantaka da soyayya. A halin yanzu bai yi aure ba.
Filmography
Fim
Talabijin
Kyaututtuka da zaɓe
A matsayin abin koyi Jerin lambobin yabo da nadinsa na yin tallan kayan kawa da na zamani sun haɗa da:
Kyautar 9ja Top Model Awards 2008
Kyautar Kyautar Nasarar Samfuran Najeriya: Model Na Shekarar 2009
Samfurin Kyauta na Peak Na Shekarar 2010
Samfurin Kyauta mafi Girma na Shekarar 2012
Kyautar Kyautar Nasarar Nasarar Nasarar Naijeriya: Jarumin Jarumin Samar Da Sauri 2014
Lagos Fashion Awards 2015: Gano Musamman Ga Mafi Kyawun Halin Talabijan Na Shekara
Kyaututtukan Kyauta na Icon na Najeriya: Alamar Keɓaɓɓen Hali na Shekarar 2015
Kyaututtukan Events na Green Oktoba: Mafi kyawun Shahararrun Mazaje Na 2017
A matsayin dan wasan kwaikwayo Kyautar Kyautar Links Achievers: Jaruma mai tasowa mai sauri 2015
Kyautar Fim na Zinare: Jarumin Jarumi (Wasan kwaikwayo) 2017 wanda aka zaɓa
City People Movie Awards Mafi Kyawun Jarumin Jarumi Na Shekara (Turanci) 2017 An zaɓi
Nigeria Achievers Awards: Na gaba Wanda Aka Zabi Jarumin Shekarar 2017 Wanda Aka Zaba
Zulu African Film Academy Awards Mafi kyawun sabon shiga don fim ɗin Lotanna 2018
MoreKlue Duk Kyautar Matasa Na Afirka Don Salo: Mai Tasirin Shekarar 2018
Kyaututtukan Labarin Nishaɗi na Afirka: Kyaututtuka na Musamman don Nasarorin Nishaɗi
Kyaututtukan Masu Zane na Najeriya: Mai Tasirin Kafofin Sadarwar Sadarwa 2018
Duba kuma Jerin 'yan wasan Najeriya
Jerin masu shirya fina-finan Najeriya
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1987
Articles with hAudio microformats
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38916 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Rupert | Johann Rupert | Articles with hCards
Johann Peter Rupert, (an haife shi 1, ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1950) ɗan kasuwan hamshakin attajirin Afirka ta Kudu ne, wanda shine babban ɗan ɗan kasuwan nan Anton Rupert, da matarsa Huberte. Shi ne shugaban kamfanin kayayyakin alatu na kasar Switzerland Richemont. da kuma kamfanin Remgro na Afirka ta Kudu. Tun daga Afrilu 2010, ya kasance Shugaba na Compagnie Financiere Richemont Rupert da dangi sun kasance a matsayi na biyu a cikin mafi arziki a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin jerin Forbes na 2021, tare da kiyasin darajar dalar Amurka biliyan 7.1.
Rayuwa ta sirri Rupert ya girma a Stellenbosch, inda ya halarci Paul Roos, Gymnasium da Jami'ar Stellenbosch, yana nazarin tattalin arziki da dokar kamfani. Ya bar jami’ar ne don ci gaba da sana’ar kasuwanci, amma a shekarar 2004 jami’ar ta ba shi digirin girmamawa a fannin tattalin arziki. A cikin shekarar 2008, an ba shi digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Metropolitan Nelson Mandela An bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ɓoyewa" ta Financial Times da Barron's, Rupert da wuya ya ba da tambayoyi kuma yana guje wa al'amuran jama'a. A shekara ta 2006 ita ma jaridar ta kira shi "Rupert the Bear" don yin hasashen matsalar tattalin arzikin duniya.
Rupert ya bayyana juyayinsa da imani da ra'ayin samun kudin shiga na duniya Sana'ar kasuwanci Rupert ya yi aikin koyon kasuwanci a birnin New York, inda ya yi aiki a Chase Manhattan na tsawon shekaru biyu da kuma Lazard Freres na tsawon shekaru uku. Daga nan ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1979 ya kafa bankin Rand Merchant wanda ya kasance shugaban bankin. 1984: Haɗe RMB da Rand Consolidated Investments, samar da RMB Holdings, kuma ya bar shi ya shiga kamfanin mahaifinsa, kungiyar Rembrandt 1988 An kafa Compagnie Financiere Richemont a cikin 1988 kuma an nada shi Babban Daraktan Rothmans International plc a 1988. Jaridar Sunday Times ta ba shi suna "Dan kasuwa na shekara" a cikin wannan shekarar.
1989: An nada mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Rembrandt.
1990: An nada shi jagoran kasuwanci na shekara ta jaridar Die Burger da Chamber of Commerce na Cape Town Kamfanin Richemont na Vendôme Luxury Group SA.
1991: An nada shi Shugaban Rembrandt Group Limited kuma a cikin 1992 an nada shi daya daga cikin 200 "Shugabannin Duniya na Gobe" ta Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya, Davos, Switzerland.
1993: Ya karɓi lambar yabo ta MS Louw daga AHI ("Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut").
1996: Mai suna Sunday Times Business Times's Businessman of the Year a karo na biyu.
1997: An Nada Mai Gudanarwa Shugaban Kamfanin Gold Fields South Africa Ltd.
1999: Gidauniyar Kasuwar Kyauta ta Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da lambar yabo ta 1999 Kyauta.
2000: Restructured Rembrandt Group Limited da kafa Remgro Limited da VenFin Limited. An nada Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Kamfanin Compagnie Financière Richemont SA. Shugabanin manyan kamfanoni 100 ne aka zaba "Mafi tasiri a harkokin kasuwanci" a Afirka ta Kudu.
2004: Jami'ar Stellenbosch ta ba da digiri na girmamawa a fannin tattalin arziki.
Shekara ta 2008 ne aka zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu wanda shugabannin manyan kamfanoni 100 suka yi, a karo na uku.
2009 An nada "Jami'in" na Faransa "Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur" ta Shugaban Jamhuriyar Faransa
An zaɓa a matsayin ɗan kasuwan giya na duniya na shekara ta 2009. a Meininger "Kwarewar Wine da Ruhi" bikin kyaututtuka a Düsseldorf, Jamus. 2009: Nada Shugaban Jami'ar Stellenbosch 2010 An nada Mataimakin Shugaban Ziyarar Golf na Turai Jami'ar St Andrews, Scotland ta ba da digiri na girmamawa
Sauran abubuwan sha'awa Rupert tsohon dan wasan cricket ne kuma ya kafa Laureus Sport for Good Foundation a cikin 1990. Laureus ya ba da gudummawar ayyuka 65 a duniya, tare da burin amfani da wasanni don magance matsalolin zamantakewa, yana mai da hankali kan yara marasa galihu. Ya haɗu da Cibiyar Kimiyyar Wasanni tare da abokansa Morne du Plessis da Tim Noakes Rupert kuma ya kirkiro Gary Player da aka kera, Leopard Creek Golf Club a Mpumalanga, Afirka ta Kudu wanda yana daya daga cikin manyan kwasa-kwasan golf uku a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma mai lamba 25 a wajen Amurka (Golf Digest). Ya kuma taka leda a gasar gayyata ta Golf na shekara-shekara don taimaka wa ɗan Afirka ta Kudu da abokinsa Gary Player wajen tara kuɗi don ayyukan agaji na yara daban-daban. Yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ziyarar PGA ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma Shugaban Hukumar Bunkasa Golf ta Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 2007 an zabe shi a zauren Fame na Wasannin Afirka ta Kudu kuma a cikin 2009 an shigar da shi cikin Gidan Golf na Afirka ta Kudu. Bayan mutuwar ƙanensa Anthonij a wani hatsarin mota a shekara ta 2001 ya mallaki gidan giya na L'Ormarins. Anthonij, shi ne shugaban Rupert Rothschild Vignerons. Rupert ya ƙaddamar da wani aiki don haɓaka gonar don tunawa da ɗan'uwansa marigayi.
Ya kasance memba na Gidauniyar Afirka ta Kudu kuma amintaccen gidauniyar dabi'ar Kudancin Afirka, Cibiyar Gudanarwa a Kudancin Afirka, Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu da Die Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns da Manajan Amintacce kuma memba na kwamitin saka hannun jari, Nelson. Asusun Yara na Mandela. Ya yi aiki a Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta Duniya ta Daimler Chrysler.
Yana bin sawun mahaifinsa, Anton, Johann Rupert kuma mai kishin kiyayewa ne. Baya ga adana kimanin hekta 25,000 a yankin Graaff Reinet, shi ne kuma shugaban gidauniyar Peace Parks.
Rigingimu Lokacin da mujallar zane ta Burtaniya ta bayyana harshen Afrikaans a matsayin "daya daga cikin yare mafi banƙyama a duniya" a cikin fitowar sa ta Satumba na 2005 dangane da abin tunawa da Harshen Afirka Rupert ya mayar da martani ta hanyar janye tallace-tallace na kamfanonin kamfanoninsa irin su cartier Van Cleef & Arpels, Montblanc da Alfred Dunhill daga mujallar. A cikin Disamba 2016, an bayar da rahoton cewa Rupert ya bar Bell Pottinger a matsayin PR hukumar Richemont, zargin Bell Pottinger da gudanar da wani gangamin kafofin watsa labarun a kansa, don karkatar da hankali daga m kama jihar zargin da aka yi a gidan Gupta A watan Satumba na 2017, Rupert, a lokacin babban taron shekara-shekara na Richemont a Geneva, ya bayyana amfani da kalmar "Radical Economic Canjin" da Bell Pottinger ya yi a matsayin "kawai kalmar code don sata", domin a rufe "Kwamar Jiha" ta abokan cinikinsu, sanannen dangin Gupta. Canjin tattalin arziki mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wata manufa ce da shugaba Jacob Zuma ke jagoranta don rage rashin daidaiton launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin 2018 Rupert ya haifar da cece-kuce a Afirka ta Kudu saboda maganganun da ya yi yayin wata hira da PowerFM An soki shi saboda musanta zargin da ake yi na samun jarin mulkin mallaka na farar fata, da labarinsa na tsarin bunkasa tattalin arzikin Afrikaner, da kuma kalaman da ya yi dangane da dabi'ar ceto bakar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu. Bayan faruwar lamarin Rupert ya bayar da uzuri kan kalaman nasa. Shugaban jam'iyyar Black First Land First da ke da cece-kuce, Andile Mngxitama bayan haka ya bayyana cewa, kalaman Rupert ne dalilin cin zarafin farar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.
Duba kuma Jerin hamshakan attajirai na Afirka ta Kudu tayar kima
Manazarta 1- Chancellor". sun.ac.za. Retrieved 13 October 2015.
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1950
Johann rupert
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40597 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry | Biochemistry | Biochemistry ko ilmin sunadarai na halitta shine nazarin hanyoyin sinadarai a ciki da kuma alaƙa da rayayyun halittu. Karamin horo na duka biyun sunadarai da ilmin halitta, biochemistry na iya kasuwa kashi uku: ilmin halitta tsarin, enzymology da metabolism. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, ilimin kimiyyar halittu ya sami nasara wajen bayyana tsarin rayuwa ta waɗannan fannoni uku. Kusan dukkan fannonin kimiyyar rayuwa ana buɗe su kuma ana haɓaka su ta hanyar hanyoyin nazarin halittu da bincike. Biochemistry yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar tushen sinadarai wanda ke ba da damar kwayoyin halitta damar haifar da hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin sel masu rai da tsakanin sel, bi da bi yana da alaƙa sosai ga fahimtar kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki, da tsarin kwayoyin halitta da aiki. Biochemistry yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da ilmin halitta, wanda shine nazarin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta na abubuwan mamaki. Yawancin kwayoyin halitta suna hulɗar da tsarin, haɗin kai, ayyuka, da hulɗar macromolecules na halitta, irin su sunadarai, acid nucleic, carbohydrates, da lipids. Suna samar da tsarin sel kuma suna yin yawancin ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da rayuwa. Har ila yau, sunadarai na tantanin halitta ya dogara da halayen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ions. Wadannan na iya zama inorganic (misali, ruwa da ions karfe) ko kwayoyin halitta (misali, amino acid, waɗanda ake amfani da su don haɗa sunadarai). Hanyoyin da sel ke amfani da su don amfani da makamashi daga muhallinsu ta hanyar halayen sinadarai an san su da metabolism. Ana amfani da sakamakon binciken kimiyyar halittu da farko a cikin magunguna, abinci mai gina jiki da aikin gona. A cikin magani, masana kimiyyar halittu suna bincika musabbabi da kuma maganin cututtuka. Abincin abinci yana nazarin yadda ake kula da lafiya da lafiya da kuma illolin rashin abinci mai gina jiki. A aikin gona, masana kimiyyar halittu suna binciken ƙasa da takin zamani. Haɓaka noman amfanin gona, adana amfanin gona, da magance kwari suma burinsu ne. Biochemistry yana da matukar mahimmanci tunda yana taimaka wa mutane su koyi game da batutuwa masu rikitarwa kamar prions.
Tarihi A ma'anarsa mafi mahimmanci, ana iya kallon biochemistry a matsayin nazarin sassa da tsarin halittu da yadda suke haduwa su zama rayuwa. A wannan ma'anar, tarihin ilimin kimiyyar halittu na iya komawa baya har zuwa tsohuwar Helenawa. Koyaya, ilimin kimiyyar halittu a matsayin takamaiman horo na kimiyya ya fara wani lokaci a cikin karni na 19, ko kuma a baya, ya danganta da wane fanni na ilimin halittu ake mai da hankali akai. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa farkon biochemistry na iya kasancewa gano farkon enzyme, diastase (yanzu ana kiransa amylase), a cikin shekarar 1833 na Anselme Payen, yayin da wasu suka yi la'akari da nunin farko na Eduard Buchner na wani hadadden tsarin biochemical na barasa. abubuwan da ba su da tantanin halitta a cikin shekarar 1897 don zama haihuwar biochemistry. Wasu kuma na iya nunawa a matsayin farkon aikin 1842 mai tasiri na Justus von Liebig, Kimiyyar Dabbobin Dabbobi, ko, Kimiyyar Halittu a cikin aikace-aikacensa ga ilimin lissafi da ilimin cututtuka, wanda ya gabatar da ka'idar sinadarai na metabolism, ko ma a baya zuwa karni na 18. Nazarin kan fermentation da numfashi na Antoine Lavoisier. Wasu majagaba da yawa a wannan fanni waɗanda suka taimaka wajen gano sarƙaƙƙiyar ilimin halittu an shelanta su waɗanda suka kafa ilimin kimiyyar halittu na zamani. Emil Fischer, wanda ya yi nazarin ilmin sunadarai na sunadaran, da F. Gowland Hopkins, wanda ya yi nazarin enzymes da kuma yanayin yanayi mai mahimmanci na biochemistry, wakiltar misalai biyu na masana kimiyya na farko. Kalmar "biochemistry" ita kanta ta samo asali ne daga haɗin ilimin halitta da kuma ilmin sunadarai. A cikin shekarar 1877, Felix Hoppe-Seyler ya yi amfani da kalmar (biochemie a Jamusanci) a matsayin ma'anar ilmin sunadarai a cikin jigon farko na Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie (Journal of Physiological Chemistry) inda ya yi jayayya da kafa cibiyoyin da aka sadaukar don su. wannan fanni na karatu. Masanin ilmin sinadarai na Jamus Carl Neuberg duk da haka ana yawan ambaton cewa ya ƙirƙiri kalmar a cikin shekarar 1903, yayin da wasu ke jingina ta ga Franz Hofmeister. An taba yin imani da cewa rayuwa da kayanta suna da wasu muhimman dukiya ko wani abu (wanda galibi ake kira "mahimman ka'ida") wanda ya bambanta da duk wani abu da aka samu a cikin al'amuran da ba su da rai, kuma an yi tunanin cewa halittu ne kawai za su iya samar da kwayoyin halitta. rayuwa. A cikin shekarar 1828, Friedrich Wöhler ya buga takarda a kan haɗin urea mai banƙyama daga potassium cyanate da ammonium sulfate; wasu sun dauki hakan a matsayin rugujewar rayuwa kai tsaye da kafa kimiyyar sinadarai. Duk da haka, haɗin Wöhler ya haifar da cece-kuce yayin da wasu suka ƙi mutuwar rayuwa a hannunsa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ilimin kimiyyar halittu ya ci gaba, musamman tun tsakiyar karni na 20, tare da ci gaba da sababbin fasahohi irin su chromatography, X-ray diffraction, dual polarization interferometry, NMR spectroscopy, lakabin rediyoisotopic, microscopy na lantarki da simulations na kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan fasahohin sun ba da izini don ganowa da cikakkun bayanai game da yawancin kwayoyin halitta da hanyoyin rayuwa na tantanin halitta, irin su glycolysis da tsarin Krebs (citric acid cycle), kuma ya haifar da fahimtar kwayoyin halitta akan matakin kwayoyin.
Wani muhimmin al'amari na tarihi a cikin ilimin kimiyyar halittu shine gano kwayar halitta, da rawar da take takawa wajen isar da bayanai a cikin tantanin halitta. A cikin shekarar 1950s, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin da Maurice Wilkins sun taimaka wajen magance tsarin DNA kuma suna ba da shawara game da dangantakarta tare da canja wurin bayanai. A cikin shekarar 1958, George Beadle da Edward Tatum sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel don aiki a cikin fungi wanda ke nuna cewa kwayar halitta guda ɗaya tana samar da enzyme guda ɗaya. A cikin shekarar 1988, Colin Pitchfork shine mutum na farko da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa tare da shaidar DNA, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar kimiyyar bincike. Kwanan nan, Andrew Z. Fire da Craig C. Mello sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 2006 don gano rawar da ke tattare da tsoma baki na RNA (RNAi), a cikin shiru na maganganun kwayoyin halitta.
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18576 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Jong-un | Kim Jong-un | Kim Jong-un (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu shekarar 1982, 1983 ko 1984) ɗan siyasan Koriya ta Arewa ne. Ya kasance Babban Jagoran Koriya ta Arewa tun a watan Disambar shekarar 2011, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Kim Jong-il.
Rayuwar farko A cewar rahotanni a jaridun Japan, yayi makaranta a Switzerland kusa da Bern Rahotannin farko sun yi iƙirarin Kim ya tafi Makarantar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Turanci mai zaman kanta a Gümligen da sunan "Chol-pak" ko "Pak-chol" daga shekarar 1993 zuwa shekara ta 1998. Kim ya bayyana a matsayin mai kunya, ɗalibi mai kyau wanda ya dace da abokan karatun sa, kuma ya kasance mai son ƙwallon kwando.
Shugabanci A watan Disambar shekarar 2011, Kim ya zama shugaban Koriya ta Arewa bayan mahaifinsa Kim Jong-il ya mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 2011. Kakansa Kim Il-Sung shi ne shugaban Koriya ta Arewa na farko.
A ranar 9 ga watan Maris shekarar 2014, an zaɓi Kim ba tare da hamayya ba a Majalisar Ƙoli ta Jama'a Kashe iyali A ranar 12 ga watan Disambar shekarar 2013, kafofin yada labaran Koriya ta Arewa sun ruwaito cewa saboda zargin "cin amana", Kim ya ba da umarnin a kashe kawunsa Jang Song-thaek Kim da yawa suna tunanin Kim ya ba da umarnin kisan ɗan uwansa, Kim Jong-nam, a Malaysia a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2017.
Makaman nukiliya Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kirkiro takunkumi sau biyar a kan Koriya ta Arewa saboda shirinta na nukiliya da gwajin makami mai linzami. Tun daga watan Maris na shekarar 2018, wani jami’in Koriya ta Kudu Chung Eui-Yong ya ba da sanarwa game da Koriya ta Arewa a dakin tattaunawa na Fadar White House cewa shugaban Koriya ta Arewa Kim ya gaya wa Koriya ta Kudu cewa “ya jajirce wajen kawar da makaman nukiliya” kuma “Koriya ta Arewa za ta guji duk wani kara gwajin nukiliya ko makamai masu linzami. kuma a bude yake don ganawa da Donald Trump a Koriya ta Arewa.
Take haƙƙin dan adam Take hakkin bil adama karkashin jagorancin Kim Jong-il ya yi Allah wadai da babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Rahotannin manema labarai sun nuna cewa suna ci gaba a ƙarƙashin Kim.
2018 dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa A jawabinsa na Sabuwar Shekarar 2018, Kim ya ce a buɗe yake don tattaunawa da Koriya ta Kudu, sannan kuma ya halarci wasannin Olympics na hunturu na shekarar 2018 a Kudu. An sake buɗe layin waya na Seoul Pyongyang bayan kusan shekaru 2. Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu sun yi maci tare a bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics ƙarƙashin tuta mai hade.
A watan Afrilu na shekarar 2018, Kim da Moon Jae-in sun halarci taron kolin Koriya na shekarar 2018 kuma sun amince da kawo karshen yakin Koriya a hukumance kafin shekarar 2019. A watan Afrilu da Mayu na shekarar 2018, Kim ya gana da Xi Jinping, Sakatare Janar na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Sin A watan Mayun 2018, Donald Trump ya faɗa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa zai hadu da Kim a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni a Singapore don tattaunawar zaman lafiya.
Rayuwar mutum Kim ya auri Ri Sol-ju. Sun yi aure a cikin shekarar 2009. Sun haifi 'ya mace a cikin shekarar 2010. Ya halarci makarantar gwamnati a Switzerland daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekara ta 2000 inda ya zama ɗan diflomasiyya Kim ya ruwaito daga baya ya halarci Jami'ar Soja ta Kim Il Sung a Pyongyang daga shekarar 2002 zuwa shekara ta 2007. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a shekara ta 2004. A cikin shekarar 2009, rahotanni sun nuna cewa Kim na da ciwon sukari ne kuma yana fama da hauhawar jini Sanan shi kuma yana shan taba sigari.
Labarin mutuwar jita jitar mutuwar sa ta 2020 Jita-jita game da mutuwar Kim ta faru ne a ƙarshen watan Afrilu shekarar 2020. Kim ba ya nan a ranar Rana, 15 ga watan Afrilu, don bikin mahaifin da ya kafa kasar, Kim Il Sung, kodayake an ga shi kwana hudu kafin taron gwamnati. Daily NK ta ruwaito cewa Kim ya je asibiti don yin aikin tiyatar zuciya a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu, amma a cewar CNN a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu cewa jihar Kim na cikin “hadari mai girma” daga tiyatar. Koriya ta Kudu ta ba da rahoto game da waɗannan labaran cewa "babu alamun da ba a gano ba" game da lafiyar Kim. Jaridar Guardian ta ruwaito cewa China ta tura tawagar likitoci a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu zuwa Koriya ta Arewa don duba lafiyar Kim.
Sauran yanar gizo Shugaban Matasan Koriya ta Arewa akan Nunin rahoton bidiyo na The New York Times
Taskar NSA Kim Jong-Il: "Babban Magaji"
Takaitaccen tarihin aikin hukuma a Naenara
Ayyukan Kim Jong-un a Bayanai na DPRK
Koriya ta Arewa
Shugaban Kasa
Shugabanni
Mutanen Asiya
Pages with unreviewed translations
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22227 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%27ima%20B.%20Robert | Na'ima B. Robert | Na'ima B Robert (an haife ta a Thando Nomhle McLaren ranar 19 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1977) marubuciya ce ta wallafe-wallafen al'adu da yawa kuma edita ce ta buga mujallar mata Musulmai mazauna Burtaniya, SISTERS Magazine An haife ta a Leeds ga mahaifinsa ɗan Scotland kuma mahaifiyarsa Zulu, dukansu daga Afirka ta Kudu, Robert ya girma a Zimbabwe kuma ya halarci jami'a a Ingila. Ta musulunta ne a shekara tar 1998. A halin yanzu Robert yana raba lokacinta tsakanin birnin London da Alkahira tare da sonsa sonsanta maza uku da mata biyu. Mijinta Henry Amankwah ya mutu a watan Afrilu shekarar 2015.
Rayuwar farko Iyalin Na'ima B. Robert sun ƙaura daga Ingila zuwa Habasha lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyu sannan kuma shekaru huɗu daga baya suka koma Zimbabwe inda Robert ya sami karatun firamare. Robert ya kasance yana da matsakaiciyar yarinya tare da ƙannenta da ƙanwarsa a cikin ƙauyukan babban birnin Harare Baya ga nutsuwa cikin al'adun Zimbabwe, iyayen Robert sun cusa wa yaran asalinsu na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wayewar siyasa. Mahaifinta, Robert McLaren, ya kasance babban malami a Jami’ar Zimbabwe kuma mahaifiyarsa, Thembi McLaren, ’yar kasuwa ce. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Zimbabwe, Robert ta koma Ingila don karatun jami'a kuma ya sami digiri na farko a Jami'ar London Juyawa A lokacin karatunta na jami'a Na'ima B. Robert ta yi tafiya zuwa Masar a matsayin mawaƙiya kuma mai raira waƙoƙin gargajiya ta Zimbabwe a wani bikin kide-kide. Abinda ta fara yi game da hijabi da mata musulmai ya kamata ta "firgita" amma daga karshe ta tambayi wata kyakkyawar mace 'yar kasar Egypt me yasa zata zabi rufe kyawunta:' Saboda, 'in ji ta,' Ina son a yanke min hukunci game da abin da na fada da abin da nake yi, ba don yadda nake kama ba. Bayan musayar su Na'ima B. Robert ta ce," Na fara tunani game da rayuwata, game da hoton kaina da yadda nake son in girma da ci gaba. Na'ima B. Robert ta koma Landan ta fara karatun Kur'ani na Marmaduke Pickthall, tana koyo game da addinin Islama da shari'ar Musulunci, kuma ta ba da "suturar da ta dace ta gwada." A cikin Kirsimeti biki da cewa wannan shekarar Robert tafiya zuwa "Muslim Afirka, to Guinea" inda ta gano cewa, "Kamar yadda wani har yanzu steeped a cikin akida na Black kishin kasa, wadannan musulmi kira ga kaina Afirka ainihi da kuma ta hankali na Black girman kai A Guinea Robert ta fara yin salloli biyar na musulinci, yayi azumi a watan Ramadan sannan bayan ta dawo Landan ta sanar da shahada (bayyana addinin Musulunci) a shekarar 1998.
Writing career
Almara Bayan koyarwa a aji kuma ta kafa makarantar gida mai zaman kansa, Robert ya fara rubuta littattafan hoto na al'adu da dama tare da jigogin musulmai ga yara. Littafinta na hoto na farko, The Swirling Hijab, an saka shi cikin shirin Booktrust Littattafan hoto na Na'ima B. Robert da almara na samari sun sami ɗaukaka kara don karɓar shigar da su cikin tsarin jihar, kamar makarantu da horar da al'adu iri daban-daban, kuma an yarda da su a matsayin tatsuniyoyin Islama a tsakanin Musulmi. A yau ta buga littattafan hoto goma sha uku don yara, da yawa ana amfani da su a cikin saitunan yare biyu kuma ana buga su a cikin harsuna 31, da suka haɗa da Tamil, Kurdish, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian, Yoruba, Czech, Larabci, Yaren mutanen Poland, China, Urdu, Panjabi, Faransanci, Swahili da kuma Farisi. An ba da Tafiya Ta Hanyar Islama ta theungiyar Trustungiyar Ilimi ta UKasa ta Burtaniya WOW! Kyauta don taken Yarin ya mafi kyau.
Bayan nasarar da ta samu a tarihin rayuwarta, Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata, Robert ya fara rubuta samari (YA) tatsuniyar Islama Littafin ta na YA na farko, Daga Somalia, Tare da wasauna ya samo asali ne daga ƙarshen mako tare da ƙungiyar matasan Somaliya, waɗanda Somaliungiyar Haɗin Haɗin Somaliya suka shirya. Daga Somalia, Tare da isauna ɗayan thean litattafan da ake samu tare da haruffa da batutuwa Musulmai na Somaliya. An saka shi a cikin kundin makaranta na ranar Littattafai na Duniya na shekara ta 2009 kuma an daɗe da jerin sunayen don Associationungiyar Liteungiyar Ilimi da Ilimin Kingdomasar Ingila Robert na biyu YA labari, Yaro vs. Yarinya, ta kalubalanci samfuran da aka saba da su game da matasa Musulmai a Biritaniya kuma ta fito da fitowar mai zane -zanen zane-zanen Musulunci na Urban Muhammed 'Aerosol Arabic' Ali. taken Robert na na uku YA, Far Daga Gida, almarar tatsuniya ce ta tarihi da aka saita a Zimbabwe kuma an nuna ta a cikin bikin Fitowa na Fage na shekara ta 2011 a Landan.
A cikin shekarar 2005 wakili Robert ta ƙarfafa ta ta rubuta tarihin rayuwar wanda ya zama fitacciyar Musulma ta ƙasa da ƙasa Daga psan Uwana Mata Baya ga zama abin tunawa, Daga bakin 'Yan Uwana Mata ya hada da labarin wasu da yawa da suka tuba kuma suka koma ga addinin Musulunci, "[Daga Lebukan' Yan Uwana Mata] a bayyane yake bayanin yadda ake juyawa daga ra'ayi na farko ta hanyar juyawa, hijabi, da hanyar aure a musulunce. Yana buɗe ƙofofi don hanyoyin tunani na sirri da gwagwarmaya waɗanda ke fuskantar sabbin musulmai kuma yana sa mai wuyar fahimta har ma da ban dariya. Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata an fassara kuma an buga su cikin Larabci. Kamar yadda suka kafa kuma editan mujallar mata ta Musulmai ta SISTERS da ke zaune a Burtaniya, Robert da wadanda suka ba da gudummawar mujallar sun himmatu wajen magance batutuwan da ba a yarda da su ba a tsakanin al'ummar Musulmai, kamar cin zarafin yara, zubar da ciki, tashin hankali a cikin gida, bakin ciki da kuma al'amura na ganin girman kai a tsakanin Matan musulmai. Robert ya bada goyan baya da kuma kulla kawance tsakanin mujallar SISTERS da kuma kungiyoyin kungiyoyin musulmai da yawa, kamar su Mercy Mission UK, Solace, Nour DV, The Muslim Youth Helpline and Rabin Date. Baya ga rubuta edita na kowane bugun mujallar SISTERS, Robert yana rubuta labarai game da addinin Islama da kuma alamura da suka shafi musulmi, kamar Ramadan, ranakun hutu na musulmai, hijabi (gyale na Musulunci) da niqāb (fuskar fuskar Musulunci) don manyan wallafe-wallafe, gami da The Times Online, Jaridar The Times, da The Observer Robert ya yi magana da masu sauraro game da batutuwan da suka shafi Musulmi a ranar Lahadi da safe ta BBC, Sa’ar Mata, Rediyon London, Channel 5, Newsnight, BBC Asian Network, GMT tare da Lorraine Kelly, da kuma The Moral Maze na BBC Radio 4. A shekarar 2014 ta kaddamar da taken Yabo mai matukar karbuwa, She Wore Red Trainers, labarin soyayya wanda ya gano asalin Musulmai.
Niqāb Robert is a full-time observer of the niqāb (Islamic face-veil) and a vocal advocate for women's right to choose to fully cover. Soon after becoming Muslim in 1998 Robert began to wear the niqāb full-time in 1999. In her memoir, From My Sisters' Lips, Robert explained the effect of wearing niqāb, "[The covered woman] cannot be judged on her appearance because nothing personal about her can be seen...She does not feel the need to live up to society's changing expectations of women's bodies...So whoever relates to her must relate to what she has presented be it what she says, does or thinks." Robert is one of the founding members of Veiled Justice and has represented the East London Mosque on Muslim women's issues. She has spoken in support of the niqāb in numerous British media, including The Telegraph, BBC News, The Times Online, BBC Radio 4's The Moral Maze and Channel 4's Undercover Mosque series; as well as speaking to Muslim and international media outlets, such as for Islam Channel and AIM TV. Robert's saurayin kirkirarren labarin almara ne Boy vs. Yarinya ta hada da halin sanya niqabi, Anti Najma. Halin na Auntie Najma ya kasance an soki lamirin ta da kyau kuma mai kyau a matsayin mai nuna hoto mara kyau ko a matsayin kyakkyawan abin koyi ga matasa musulmai. Robert ya ce Anti Najma, kamar sauran halayen, haɗakar 'yan'uwa mata ne da ta sani da kaina.
Bibliography
Littattafan hoto Hijaab mai lilo (Mantra Lingua, 2002, takarda) Tafiya Ta Hanyar Muslunci (Mantra Lingua, 2005, mai rufin asiri) Barka da zuwa Jaririn Duniya (Mantra Lingua, 2005, paperback) Yum! Mu Ci! (Mantra Lingua, 2008, takarda) Watan Ramadan (Frances Lincoln, 2009, mai rufin asiri)
An buga shi a matsayin Thando McLaren Haruffa A Duk Duniya (Littattafan Tango, 2004, mai rufin asiri) Duk Gidajen Gida (Littattafan Tango, 2005, mai rufin asiri) My Day, My Way (Littattafan Tango, 2005, masu rufin asiri) Duk nau'ikan sufuri (Littattafan Tango, 2006, mai rufin asiri) Farautar Kasuwanci: Tafiya a Lokaci (Littattafan Tango, 2008, mai kwalliya) My Around the World Scrapbook (Tango Books, 2008, mai rufin asiri)
Young adult fiction Daga Somalia, tare da Loveauna (Frances Lincoln, 2009, takarda) Yaro vs. Yarinya (Frances Lincoln, 2010, takarda) Nesa Daga Gida (Frances Lincoln, 2011, paperback) Black Tumaki (2013)
Ta Ci Red Masu Koyarwa: Labarin Soyayyar Musulmai (Kube Publishing Ltd, 2014, paperback)
Ba-almara Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata (Bantam Press, 2005, hardcover)
Bayanan kula
Manazarta Ahmed, Yusuf (26 Oktoba 2010), Wanda ake nema: Matsayi a Matsayi Campus Islam an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Bovey Alhakawati, Nicole (29 Afrilu 2007), Nazarin Littafin: Daga Leben 'Yan Uwana Mata, Kan Musulunci, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Channel 4 (2008), Masallacin Boye, Channel 4 Dispatches, an dawo da shi 9 Yuni 2011
Chowdhury, Lothifa (20 ga Yuni 2008), Tatsuniyar 'yar Somalia, Musulma Mako-mako, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
East Sussex County Council Fostering Service (2008), Baki da Blackan tsirarun Foan Ra'ayi Susarfafa Susan Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Gabas Sussex an dawo da su 9 Yuni 2011
Bryony Gordon (25 Afrilu 2005), Cewa Mace Musulma zata Iya Farin Ciki Da Ku, The Telegraph, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Khan, Rahla (19 ga watan Yulin 2010), Akwai Hanyar da tafi Duniya fiye da MTV Labaran A1 na Saudi Arabia da aka dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Khwaja, Ayman (Satumba 2009, Fitowa ta 60), Nazarin Littattafai: Ramadan Moon, emel, an dawo da shi 9 Yuni 2011
Halal Rayuwa (5 ga Afrilu 2008), Fuskantar Kalubale, Farin Cikin Nasara: Rayuwar Sabon Musulmi Bidiyon Ummah, an dawo da 10 ga Yuni 2011
Nour DV Nour DV Masu tallafawa, an dawo da su 10 Yuni 2011
Rawe, Julie (29 Afrilu 2009), Nazarin Littafin: Daga Somalia, Tare da Loveauna Muryoyin Musulmai, an dawo da su 9 Yuni 2011
Robert, Na'ima B. (2006), Daga Bakin 'Yan Uwana Mata, Littattafan Bantam, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Robert, Na'ima B. (18 Afrilu 2008), Wahayi a Karkara Daga Somaliya, Tare da Blogaunar Blogspot, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Robert, Na'ima B. (1 ga Yuni 2008), Haske mai ban mamaki a cikin Talakawa Amma Rayuka masu ban mamaki, The Guardian, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Robert, Na'ima B. (25 Yuli 2008), Bayan Mayafin: Littafin Layi na Wata Mace Musulma 'Yar Burtaniya, The Times Online, an dawo da 9 Yuni 2011
Sawyer, Miranda (22 ga Oktoba 2006), Kayan Alatu da Walkin Duck, Rediyon Guardian "Moral Maze", an dawo da shi 9 ga Yuni 2011
Saya (12 Yuli 2010), Na'ima B Robert akan 'Boy vs. Girl The Rockpool, an dawo da su 10 Yuni 2011
Ta'aziyya na Taimakawa Ga 'Yan Uwa Mata da ke cikin Wahala, an dawo da su 10 Yuni 2011
Suleaman, Nasreen (5 ga Nuwamba 2006), Yadda Amsoshin Ra'ayoyin suka Itsarfafa Tallafinta, Labaran BBC, aka dawo dasu 9 Yuni 2011
Umm Imran (10 Agusta 2010), Sharhin Littafin: Yaro vs. Yarinya, Mama da Mujallar Musulmai an sake dawo da su 9 Yuni 2011
External links Naima B. Robert shafin yanar gizo SISTERS Magazine Nesa Da Gida Marubucin Tarihi Haifaffun |
30120 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanayi%20muhalli%20a%20Virginia | Yanayi muhalli a Virginia | Yanayin muhalli a Virginia ya ƙunshi yanayin muhallin ƙasa da ilimin halitta na jihar Virginia ta Amurka. Virginia tana da jimlar yanki na gami na ruwa, yana mai da shi jiha ta 35 mafi girma ta yanki. Dazuzzuka sun mamaye kashi 65% na jihar, dausayi da ruwa sun mamaye kashi 6% na filaye a jihar, yayin da kashi 5% na jihar hadakar kasuwanci ce, wurin zama da kuma rikon kwarya. ỊVirginia tana iyaka da Maryland da Washington, DC zuwa arewa da gabas; ta Tekun Atlantika zuwa gabas; ta Arewacin Carolina da Tennessee zuwa kudu; ta Kentucky zuwa yamma; kuma ta West Virginia zuwa arewa da yamma. Saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idar ta asali ta Virginia, iyakarta da Maryland da Washington, DC ba ta wuce alamar ƙarancin ruwa na gabar kudu na Kogin Potomac (saɓanin iyakoki da yawa waɗanda suka raba kogi zuwa tsakiya). An ayyana iyakar kudu a matsayin 36°<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwHQ"> </span>30′ a layi daya arewa, duk da cewa kuskuren mai binciken ya haifar da karkatacciyar hanya na kusan mintuna uku. Hukumomin jihohi waɗanda babban abin da ke da mahimmanci a kan yanayin muhalli na Virginia sune Ma'aikatar Kare da Nishaɗi (DCR), da Sashen Inganta Muhalli (DEQ).
Yankunan Physiogeographic da geology A fannin ilimin kasa, Virginia ta kasu kashi biyar, yayin da EPA ta lissafta ma'auni bakwai tare da ƙarin daidaito. Daga gabas zuwa yamma, yankunan sune kamar haka.
Kogin Tidewater fili ne na bakin teku tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Layin Fallasa Ya haɗa da Tekun Gabas da manyan wuraren da ke shiga Chesapeake Bay. Wannan yanki yayi daidai da EPA ta Tsakiyar Tekun Tekun Tekun Atlantika (#63) da yankunan Kudu maso Gabas (#65).
Kogin Chesapeake ya raba yankin Commonwealth daga yankin yanki biyu na Gabashin Gabashin Virginia. An kuma kafa baykin ne biyo bayan wani ramin tasirin meteoroid a lokacin Eocene Yawancin kogunan Virginia suna kwarara zuwa cikin Chesapeake Bay, gami da Potomac, Rappahannock, James, da York, waɗanda ke haifar da tsibiran tsibiri guda uku a cikin bay. Piedmont jerin tsaunukan tsaunuka ne da ke kan dutsen gabas na tsaunuka waɗanda aka kafa a cikin Mesozoic Yankin, wanda aka sani da ƙasa mai nauyi, ya haɗa da tsaunukan Kudu maso Yamma Wannan yanki yayi daidai da yankunan Piedmont na EPA (#45) da Arewacin Piedmont (#64).
Tsaunukan Blue Ridge yanki ne na ilimin lissafi na jerin tsaunukan Appalachian tare da mafi girman maki a cikin jihar, mafi tsayi shine Dutsen Rogers a Wannan yayi daidai da yankin EPA's Blue Ridge (#66).
Yankin Ridge da Valley yana yamma da tsaunuka, kuma ya haɗa da Babban Kwarin Appalachian, wanda ya haɗa da kwarin Shenandoah. Wannan yanki yayi daidai da yankin EPA's Ridge and Valley (#67). Yankin yana tushen dutsen carbonate (musamman dutsen farar ƙasa), kuma ya haɗa da Dutsen Massanutten Saboda wuraren dutsen carbonate da sakamakon karst, akwai kogo sama da 4,000 a Virginia, tare da buɗe ido goma don yawon shakatawa. Hakazalika, wani fasalin da Kuma ya samo asali daga zaizayar ƙasa a yankin kwari shine gadar Halitta Plateau Cumberland (wanda ake kira Plateau Appalachian da kuma Dutsen Cumberland suna cikin kusurwar kudu maso yammacin Virginia, a ƙarƙashin Allegheny Plateau .Kuma A cikin wannan yanki koguna suna gudana arewa maso yamma, tare da tsarin magudanar ruwa, zuwa cikin kogin Ohio Wannan yanki yayi daidai da yankin EPA ta Tsakiya Appalachians (#69).
Ana hakar ma'adinan kwal a yankuna uku masu tsaunuka a gadaje 40 daban-daban na kwal kusa da kwalayen Mesozoic. Baya ga kwal, sannan Kuma ana hako albarkatun kamar slate, kyanite, yashi, da tsakuwa, tare da ƙimar shekara sama da $2. biliyan Virginia tana da ƙananan haɗari akan girgizar ƙasa, musamman a yankin arewacin jihar. Yankin girgizar kasa na Virginia ba shi da tarihin ayyukan girgizar kasa na yau da kullun. Ba kasafai ake samun girgizar kasa sama da 4.5 ba a girma saboda Virginia tana tsakiyar tsakiyar farantin Arewacin Amurka, nesa da iyakokin faranti. Wurare da ke kusa da faranti na tectonic suna fama da girgizar ƙasa akai-akai. Girgizar kasa mafi girma da aka yi rikodin, a kiyasin 5.9 Girma, ya kasance a cikin shekarar 1897 kusa da Blacksburg Mafi girma tun daga wancan lokacin shine a watan Agustan shekarata 2011, lokacin da girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 5.8 ta afku a kusa da ma'adinai, Virginia kuma an ji matsakaicin matsakaiciyar karfi a duk fadin jihar.
Yanayi Yanayin Virginia ya bambanta bisa ga wuri, kuma yana ƙara dumi da ɗanɗano a nesa da gabas. Yawancin jihar tana da yanayi mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, daga cikin tsaunukan Blue Ridge da kudancin Shenandoah Valley zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika A cikin tsaunin Blue Ridge, yanayin ya zama babban tsibiri mai zafi Ilimin halittu Asusun namun daji na Duniya ya ayyana yankuna hudu a cikin Virginia: gandun daji na gabar tekun Atlantika ta Tsakiya kusa da Tekun Atlantika a kudu maso gabas na jihar, gandun daji na kudu maso gabas akan Piedmont, gandun daji na Appalachian-Blue Ridge akan tsaunin Appalachian, da Appalachian gauraye dazuzzukan mesophytic a cikin nisa yamma. A cewar Sashen Inganta Muhalli na Virginia, dajin itacen oak-hickory shine mafi yawan al'ummar gandun daji a Virginia. Yawancin nau'ikan sun hada da farin itacen oak, itacen oak ja, itacen oak mai launin ja, itacen oak mai ja, itacen oak chestnut, mockernut hickory, pignut hickory, tulip poplar, maple, beech, dogwood, black cherry, black locust, da black gyada Dajin itacen oak-pine shine nau'in gandun daji na biyu mafi girma tare da itacen oak da aka ambata a baya da ƙari na loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, Pine Virginia, black danko, sweetgum, hickories, sycamore, jan cedar, da tulip poplar Kuma Irin wannan gandun daji ana samunsa da farko a bakin teku da kuma Piedmont. Ƙananan katako sun haɗa da itacen oak, itacen oak na ruwa, blackgum, sweetgum, cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, hackberry, da maple ja Ƙananan tsaunukan suna iya samun ƙanƙanta amma masu yawa na ƙwanƙwasa masu son danshi da mosses a yalwace, tare da hickory da itacen oak a cikin Blue Ridge. Koyaya, tun farkon shekarun 1990, cutar asu ta Gypsy ta lalata dazuzzukan itacen oak. Sauran bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire na yau da kullum sun hada da chestnut, maple, tulip poplar, dutsen laurel, milkweed, daisies, da yawancin nau'in ferns. Sannan Mafi girman yankunan jeji suna kusa da gabar tekun Atlantika da kuma tsaunukan yamma, wadanda watakila ke da mafi yawan yawan furannin daji na trillium a Arewacin Amurka. Dabbobi masu shayarwa sun haɗa da barewa mai farar wutsiya, baƙar fata, beaver, bobcat, coyote, raccoon, groundhog, Virginia opossum, fox gray fox, ja fox, kogin otter, dusar ƙanƙara, kudancin bogin lemming, kowa na gabas chipmunk, gama gari, muskrat gama gari, auduga na kowa, auduga linzamin kwamfuta, gabas hange skunk, ratsan skunk, fox squirrel, launin toka squirrel, arewa tashi squirrel, marsh zomo, da kuma gabas auduga zomo Tsuntsaye sun haɗa da cardinals, barred owls, Carolina chickadees, American Crow, American goldfinch, American pipit, American robin, Baird's sandpiper, Baltimore oriole, sito owl, babban blue jakin, babban kaho mujiya, dusar ƙanƙara Goose, herring gull, mallard, blue jay, Kyanwa mai hadiye wutsiya, sparrow bishiyar Amurka, farar pelican na ƙasar Amurka, pelican mai launin ruwan kasa, mikiya mai santsi, bishiyar shanu, loon gama-gari, bluebird na gabas, osprey, falcon arctic peregrine, shaho mai jajayen wutsiya, da turkeys daji. An sake dawo da falcon falcon a cikin Shenandoah National Park a tsakiyar shekarata 1990s. Walleye, rook trout, Roanoke bass, da kuma shudin kifi suna cikin sanannun nau'ikan kifin ruwa guda 210. Gudun rafuka tare da gindin dutse sau da yawa ana yawan zama da yawan kifin crayfish da salamanders. Chesapeake Bay ita ce mafi girma a cikin ƙasa kuma mafi bambancin ilimin halitta kuma tana gida ga nau'ikan ma'adinai ne da suka hada da kaguwa da kaguwa, clams, oysters, scallops, Chesapeake ray, eel, bay anchovies, shad na Amurka, croaker Atlantic, sturgeon Atlantika, gangunan kuma baƙar fata. seabass, blue kifi, hickory shad, longnose gar, jan drum, spot, and rockfish (wanda aka fi sani da bass bass).
Kasashe masu kariya Virginia tana da raka'a 30 na sabis na shakatawa na ƙasa, kamar Great Falls Park da Trail Appalachian, da wurin shakatawa ɗaya na ƙasa, Shenandoah National Park An kafa Shenandoah a cikin Shekarata 1935. Kusan kashi 40% na wurin shakatawa (79,579 kadada/322 km 2 an sanya shi a matsayin jeji a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Kiyaye Daji na Ƙasa Parkways, irin su George Washington Memorial Parkway da Blue Ridge Parkway, wanda ya ƙunshi filin wasan Skyline Drive, suna cikin wuraren sabis na wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da aka fi ziyarta a duk faɗin ƙasar. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wuraren shakatawa na jihar Virginia guda 34 da dazuzzukan jaha 17, waɗanda Ma'aikatar Kare da Nishaɗi da Sashen Gandun daji ke gudanarwa. Chesapeake Bay, yayin da ba wurin shakatawa na kasa ba, yana da kariya daga dokokin jihohi da na tarayya, da kuma shirin Chesapeake Bay na hadin gwiwa a tsakanin wanda ke gudanar da gyare-gyare a bakin teku da magudanar ruwa. Babban Gudun Hijira na Namun daji na Ƙasa ya ƙaru zuwa Arewacin Carolina. Gidajen kayan tarihi da yawa da wuraren yaƙi suna cikin jihar, kamar Colonial Williamsburg, Filin Yaƙin Kasa na Richmond, da Fredericksburg da Spotsylvania National Military Park Tun daga ranar 26 ga Maris, Na shekarar 2010, akwai wuraren Superfund guda 31 a cikin Virginia a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka fi fifiko na ƙasa, kamar yadda aka zayyana a ƙarƙashin cikakkiyar Amsar Muhalli, Rarraba, da Dokokin Lamuni (CERCLA). A halin yanzu babu ƙarin rukunin yanar gizo da aka gabatar don shigarwa cikin jerin. An share shafuka hudu kuma an cire su daga jerin.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
Littafi Mai Tsarki
Manazarta Ma'aikatar Kare da Nishaɗi ta Virginia
Ma'aikatar ingancin muhalli ta Virginia Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
32935 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naby%20Ke%C3%AFta | Naby Keïta | Naby Laye Keïta (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Guinea wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan tsakiya na tsakiya a Premier League ta Liverpool da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Guinea. Keïta ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da kulob din Ligue 2 FC Istres a shekarar 2013, kuma bayan shekara guda ya koma Red Bull Salzburg, inda ya lashe gasar Bundesliga ta Austrian Bundesliga da kuma gasar cin kofin Austrian sau biyu a cikin lokutansa biyu. Daga nan ya koma RB Leipzig a shekarar 2016, inda kuma ya zama kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar wasa a shekararsa ta farko da kuma kungiyar UEFA Europa League na kakar wasa a karo na biyu. Ya amince ya koma Liverpool a shekarar 2017, kuma ya kammala tafiyar shekara guda, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din, da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma gasar Premier a kakar wasa ta gaba.
Keita ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a Guinea a shekarar 2012. Ya buga wasanni sama da 40 kuma yana cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin Afrika a shekarar 2015, 2019 da 2021.
Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya
FC Istres Keïta ya koma kulob din Horoya AC yana da shekara tara. Ya koma Faransa a Shekarar 2012, ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa na FC Istres bayan wasan da bai yi nasara ba a FC Lorient da Le Mans FC. A cikin shekarar shekarar 2013, an mai da shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko ta Istres. Ya fara buga gasar Ligue 2 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, Shekara ta 2013 da Nîmes Olympique. Ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 23 a kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin mai sana'a, yayin da tawagarsa ta koma ga Championnat National.
Red Bull Salzburg A cikin shekarar 2014, ya shiga kungiyar Red Bull Salzburg ta babban rukuni na Austrian. Ya buga wasansa na farko na gasar a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 2014 da Wiener Neustadt. Keïta ya kawo karshen kakar wasa ta bana da kwallaye biyar da taimakawa biyu a wasanni 30, inda ya lashe gasar lig da kofin sau biyu. A kakar wasa ta gaba, an zabe shi a matsayin Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na Austriya.
RB Leipzig A watan Yuni 2016, Keïta ya koma Red Bull Salzburg 'yar'uwar kulob RB Leipzig, wanda aka kawai ciyar da Jamus Bundesliga. Ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a wasansa na farko a gasar lig da ta buga da Borussia Dortmund kuma ya ci karin kwallaye bakwai a kakar wasansa ta Bundesliga. An sanya sunan shi a cikin qungiyar lig ta kakar wasa. An kira Keïta a cikin 'yan wasan kakar wasa na 2017-18 UEFA Europa League, wanda tawagarsa ta kasance 'yan wasan kusa da na karshe.
Liverpool A ranar 28 ga watan Agusta 2017, an kulla yarjejeniya don Keïta ya shiga Liverpool a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2018 bayan da kulob din Ingila ya haifar da sakin sa na £48 miliyan ban da biyan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. Daga nan aka ba da rahoton cewa ba za a sami kuɗi ba 48 miliyan miliyan) idan Leipzig ba ta cancanci buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai ba, 4.75 miliyan (£52.75 miliyan duka) idan sun cancanci zuwa Gasar Europa da kuma £11 miliyan (£59 miliyan duka) idan sun gama a cikin wuraren gasar zakarun Turai. A karshe Leipzig ta kare a mataki na 6 a gasar Bundesliga, a haka ta samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Europa.
Kakar 2018-19 Bayan ya shiga Liverpool, an ba shi rigar lamba 8 ta hanyar gwarzon Liverpool, Steven Gerrard, wanda aka bar shi bayan tafiyar Gerrard zuwa LA Galaxy a 2015. Keïta ya fara bugawa Liverpool wasa ne da West Ham United a ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2018 kuma ya taka leda a kwallon farko da Mohamed Salah ya ci a ci 4-0. A ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu 2019, Keïta ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ga Liverpool a wasan da suka yi nasara da Southampton da ci 3 1, kuma ya kara kwallo ta farko a Turai bayan kwana hudu a kan FC Porto a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA Champions League quarter final. Ya ji rauni ne a watan Mayun 2019, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga sauran kakar wasa ta bana ba. Ko da yake Keïta ya ji rauni, ya ci kofinsa na farko na Liverpool yayin da ba ya cikin tawagar ranar wasa yayin da takwarorinsa suka samu nasara a wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai da Tottenham Hotspur a farkon watan Yuni.
kakar 2019-20 Cike da rauni ta hanyar rauni, Keïta ya kasance ɗan wasan gaba a farkon sashe na gaba. A ranar 7 ga Disamba, ya ba da kwallo kuma ya taimaka a wasan da suka ci Bournemouth da ci 3 0, wasan da ya nuna wasansa na farko a gasar. A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba, ya ba wa Liverpool kwallon farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 2 0 da ta doke tsohon kulob dinsa, Salzburg, wanda ya sa zakarun Turai da ke rike da kofin suka kai ga matakin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a rukunin E. A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, ya zira kwallon farko a wasan da suka doke Monterrey na Mexico da ci 2 1 yayin da Liverpool ta kai wasan karshe a gasar cin kofin duniya; Bayan kwana uku, a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, ya fara wasan karshe da Flamengo, yana buga mintuna 100 har sai an maye gurbinsa da Liverpool 1 0 don zama zakarun kulob na duniya. A ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, 2020, an ba shi suna a farkon jerin wasannin da za su kara da Sheffield United, amma an cire shi bayan ya samu rauni a lokacin dumi, wanda James Milner ya maye gurbinsa. A karshen kakar wasa ta bana Keïta da Liverpool sun lashe kofin Premier.
Ayyukan kasa A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2012, Keïta ya fara buga wasansa na farko na kasa da kasa a tawagar kasar Guinea da Saliyo a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka na shekarar 2014. Ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 a waje. An saka Keïta a cikin 'yan wasa 23 na Michel Dussuyer a gasar cin kofin Afrika ta shekarar 2015 a Equatorial Guinea. A wasan farko da Ivory Coast ta buga, Gervinho ya buge shi a fuska, wanda aka ba shi jan kati. A ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba Shekara ta 2015, Keïta ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a cikin shekaru uku, a cikin nasara 1-0 da Namibia a wasan farko na zagaye na biyu na cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018. Bayan kwana uku a karawar ta biyu-a Maroko saboda bullar cutar Ebola a Guinea ya sake zura kwallo a wasan da ci 2-0. Manajan Paul Put ya zabi Keïta don gasar cin kofin Afrika na shekarar 2019, inda raunin da ya faru ya shafe shi. A watan Janairun shekarar 2022, Keïta ya taimaka wa Guinea ta samu tikitin shiga zagaye na 16 na gasar cin kofin Afirka na shekarar 2021 a Kamaru. Ayyukansa sun sa ya sami matsayi a cikin mafi kyawun wasanni goma sha ɗaya na matakin rukuni. Duk da haka, an kawar da Guinea bayan rashin nasara a Gambia, wasa Keïta ba zai iya taka leda ba saboda tara katunan yellow.
Salon wasa Yayin da ake rubuta wa The Guardian, Nick Ames da Nick Miller sun bayyana Keïta a matsayin "mai tsauri, dan wasan tsakiya na," yana kwatanta shi da N'Golo Kanté. Sun kuma lura, duk da haka, cewa ya iya rarraba kwallon da kewayon da daidaito, da kuma zira kwallaye a raga, wanda a maimakon haka akai-akai kai shi da za a kwatanta da Brazilian-Portuguese tsohon playmaker Deco. David Usher na ESPN ya bayyana Keïta a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai kuzari, tare da kyawawan halaye na tsaro, wanda kuma ya ba shi damar taka rawar gani idan ya cancanta. Usher ya ci gaba da lura cewa Keïta "mai sauri ne, gwaninta, kirkira kuma kai tsaye. Yana iya dribble, wucewa da harbi, kuma yakan sanya kyan gani na yau da kullun. Ralf Rangnick ya danganta shi yana da radar 360° na halitta.
Rayuwa ta sirri Keïta yana da ɗan'uwana, Petit Keïta, wanda ya kasance a baya tare da Jamusanci Inter Leipzig. A cikin watan Oktoba 2018 an ba da rahoton cewa yana horo a Kwalejin Liverpool, kodayake ba a ba shi kwangila ba. A cikin shekarar 2017, an tuhumi Keïta da faɗin takardun karya. Jaridar Bild ta Jamus ta bayar da rahoton cewa, a farkon watan Disambar 2016 da makwanni shida bayan haka, ya gabatar da lasisin tuki na kasar Guinea na bogi domin samun lasisin tuki a Jamus. Kotun gundumar da ke Leipzig (Amtsgericht Leipzig) ta ci tararsa Yuro 415,000, bisa ga hukuncin da Keita ke samu a shekara na kusan Yuro miliyan 3. Lauyan Keïta ya shigar da kara. Kotun daukaka kara ta rage tarar zuwa Yuro 250,000. A cikin watan Satumba 2021, Keïta, abokan wasansa na Guinea da abokan hamayyarsu daga Maroko sun makale a lokacin juyin mulkin Guinea na 2021. Duk sun dawo gida lafiya.
Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki
Kulob/Ƙungiya
Ƙasashen Duniya Kamar yadda wasan ya buga 9 Yuni 2022. Makin Guinea da aka jera farko, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowace ƙwallon Keita.
Girmamawa Red Bull Salzburg
Bundesliga ta Austria: 2014–15, 2015–16 Kofin Austria 2014–15, 2015–16 Liverpool
Premier League 2019-20 Kofin FA 2021-22 Kofin EFL 2021-22 UEFA Champions League 2018-19, wanda ya zo na biyu: 2021-22 FIFA Club World Cup 2019 Mutum
Gwarzon dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Guinea: 2015, 2021
Gwarzon Dan Wasan Kwallon Kafar Bundesliga na Austriya: 2015–16 Kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar wasa: 2016–17 Kungiyar UEFA Europa League na kakar wasa: 2017-18 Kungiyar CAF ta Shekara 2018
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
30532 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abderrahmane%20Boushaki | Abderrahmane Boushaki | Abderrahmane Boushaki Abderrahmane ibn Ali al-Boushaki) (1896 CE 1985 CE) sojan Aljeriya ne kuma dan siyasa wanda ya halarci Yaƙin Duniya na I, kungiyar gwagwarmayar Aljeriya da barkewar yakin 'yancin kai na Aljeriya.
Ilimi An haifi Boushaki a cikin shekarar 1883 a ƙauyen Soumâa kudu da birnin Thenia na yanzu, kimanin kilomita 50 gabas da babban birnin Aljir, kuma danginsa sun fito ne daga masanin tauhidin Malikit Sidi Boushaki (1394-1453), wanda ya kafa Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki a shekara ta 1440 a cikin karni na 15.
Mahaifinsa shi ne Ali Boushaki (1855-1965), Muqaddam na Tariqa Rahmaniyyah a Lower Kabylia, yayin da mahaifiyarsa Lallahoum Ishak Boushaki, zuriya ce kamar mijinta na masanin tauhidi Sidi Boushaki a reshen ƙauyen Meraldene.
Kakansa Mohamed Boushaki (1838-1893), wanda aka fi sani da Moh Ouali, shi ma Muqaddam na Tariqa da kansa da kakansa na uba da na uwa sun kasance limamai musulmi kamar yadda 'yan uwansa suke.
Sannan ya sami ilimin addini bisa ga mahangar Musulunci ta Aljeriya a mazhabobin sufanci guda uku na Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki, Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi da Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif, da kuma wayewar siyasa bisa akidar kishin kasa ta Aljeriya karkashin jagorancinsa. Kawun mahaifinsa Mohamed Seghir Boushaki (1869-1959).
Baya ga ayyukansa na ilimi a wannan muhallin Sufi, ya yi aikin noma da kiwo a kusa da kauyukan Meraldene, Tabrahimt, Gueddara, Azela da Mahrane.
Yaƙin Duniya na I Tun bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na I an bukaci Boushaki da ya garzaya gaban soja a Faransa tare da gayyatar dubban matasan Aljeriya don shiga yakin da ake yi da Dakarun mulkin mallaka na Jamus domin musanyawa da alkawuran hakkin farar hula da na siyasa wanda zai kasance da aka bai wa ƴan ƙasar Aljeriya idan sun yi nasara.
Wadannan alkawuran da gwamnatin Aljeriya ta mamaya da Faransawa suka yi wa wadannan matasa shi ne na ba su lada ta hanyar bai wa Aljeriya yancin kai, ko kuma a kalla a daidaita aljeriya da matsugunan kasashen waje wajen hakki da aikin zama dan kasa, duk kuwa da fatawowin da wasu malaman tauhidin Aljeriya suka yi na hana su shiga aikin sojojin Faransa.
Daga nan sai Boushaki ya shiga cikin shekarar 1914 tare da musulmin Aljeriya kusan 173,000 a cikin Sojojin Faransa (80,000 da aka kira da 60,000) a karkashin aikin soja na tilas da aka gabatar a cikin shekarar 1912, wanda ya kasance mai ban sha'awa da farko kuma ya shiga aikin soja na tilas daga shekara ta 1916.
An ba shi aikin soja na 1st Aljeriya 'yan bindiga rejimenti wanda kusan 26,000 suka mutu ko suka ɓace a ƙarshen babban yaƙin.
Yayin da yake fafutuka a fagen daga, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Aljeriya ta yi wa iyalinsa alkawurran samun fa'idodi kamar su alawus alawus, albashi mai kama da na Faransanci, fansho da alawus-alawus.
Daga baya an ji masa rauni a shekara ta 1916 kuma yankan da aka yi masa ya sa ya samu karin girma zuwa matsayin kofur a cikin sojojin Algerian masu fafutuka har zuwa karshen tashin hankali a Faransa.
Sojojin da suka mutu tsakanin shekarar 1914 zuwa 1918 Sojoji da dama da aka tura tare da Abderrahmane Boushaki a yankin Thénia (tsohon Ménerville) sun mutu a yaƙe-yaƙe na Babban Yaƙin tsakanin shekarar 1914 zuwa 1918, don lura da haka:
Ahmed Boumachou, an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba Shekara ta alif 1896, kuma ya rasu a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1918.
Ahmed Mazouz, an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1896, kuma ya rasu a ranar 11 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1918.
Ali Amraoui, an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1898, kuma ya rasu a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1918.
Ali Bouhedi, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1890, kuma ya rasu a ranar 12 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1916.
Ali Mechem, an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1897, kuma ya rasu a ranar 16 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1917.
Ali Mezali, an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1894, kuma ya rasu a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1916.
Amer Takoucht, wanda aka zaci an haife shi a shekara ta 1897, kuma ya mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1918.
Ameur Belhabchia, wanda ake zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1888, kuma ya mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 1916.
Hamidah Tirsatine, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife ta a shekara ta 1894, kuma ta rasu a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1919.
Lounès Baki, an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1894, kuma ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Maris shekarar 1916.
Mohamed Agha, an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1897, kuma ya rasu a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1919.
Mohamed Agourat, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1872, kuma ya rasu a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 1916.
Mohamed Draoui, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1897, kuma ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Maris shekarar 1919.
Mohamed Firas, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1892, kuma ya rasu a ranar 15 ga watan Maris shekarar 1916.
Mohamed Razibaoune, an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1897, kuma ya mutu a ranar 11 ga watan Maris shekarar 1917.
Mohamed Haddad, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1890, kuma ya rasu a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 1916.
Mohamed Kordali, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1892, kuma ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1918.
Mohamed Sida, an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1897, kuma ya mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1918.
Mohamed Taghezoult, an haife shi a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1898, kuma ya mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1919.
Mohamed Talibi, an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1898, kuma ya rasu a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1919.
Rabah Amalou, wanda ake kyautata zaton an haife shi a shekara ta 1897, kuma ya rasu a ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 1918.
Rabah Tariket, an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta 1896, kuma ya rasu a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1918.
Saïd Younès, an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1897, kuma ya mutu a ranar 14 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1918.
Slimane Mermat, wanda aka zaci an haife shi a shekara ta 1895, kuma ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1918.
Ƙungiyar Nakasassu da Tsohon Sojoji Boushaki ya shiga kungiyar da ake kira Ƙungiyar Nakasassu da Tsohon Sojoji domin ya kiyaye haƙƙinsa na ɗabi'a da na abin duniya da na marayu da iyayen sauran sojojin Aljeriya waɗanda suka shiga aikin Yaƙin Duniya na I.
Ya yi aiki tare da Mohamed Belhocine (1893-1972), tsohon caïd na Béni-Zmenzer a Tizi Ouzou, laftanar, wanda aka yi masa ado da lambar yabo ta soja, Croix de guerre 1914-1918 da Knight na Legion of Honour, don kiyaye muradun mayaƙan da suka fito da rai daga munanan yaƙi.
Harkar Siyasa Bayan ya dawo daga fagen daga Faransa, Boushaki ya yanke jiki ya kuma shafe shekaru da dama yana fama da tabo na munanan fadan da ke jikinsa.
Sannan ya auri Khedauedj Boumerdassi, wanda kakansa Sidi Boumerdassi ya kafa Zawiya na Sidi Boumerdassi, kuma kauyensa Ouled Boumerdès yana da tazarar kilomita kadan daga kauyensa na Soumâa.
A shekara ta 1935, matarsa ta haifi yaro Yahia Boushaki, wanda ya ba shi farin ciki, kuma ya dauki nauyin karantar da shi a kan daidaita Sufanci da kishin kasa na soja mai cin gashin kansa.
Daga nan sai ya yi tafiya tare da dan uwansa daga Meraldene mai suna Aliouat Ishak Boushaki, wanda soja ne a cikin runduna ta 6 ta masu fafutuka ta Aljeriya, tafiya ta siyasa zuwa Thenia, Boudouaou da Algiers a cikin wadannan garuruwa biyu na mulkin mallaka ta hanyar mika iyalansu. daga kauyukan Soumâa da Meraldene zuwa garuruwan Thénia (Ménerville) da Boudouaou (Alma) bi da bi.
Kamar wani dan uwansa Rabah Ishak Boushaki shi ma daga Meraldene, wanda soja ne a rukunin manyan bindigogi na farko na Afirka, rabon sa da kuma tsira bayan yakin duniya na 1914-1918 zai zo ne ta hanyar da'awar kare hakkokin ɗan'adam na iyalansu. da na Aljeriya daga gare shi.
Wani wanda ya tsira daga abokin gaban Bajamushe shi ne Rabah Benzerga, wanda shi ne Sajan a runduna ta farko ta Aljeriya, kuma ta fito daga kauyen Azib-Merabtine kusa da Si Mustapha (tsohon Félix-Faure), wanda gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta karbe shi. kantin kayan miya a Thénia bayan dawowa daga yakin.
Masallatai Daya daga cikin manyan sakamakon halartar da dama na 'yan uwa da kuma makwabta Abderrahmane Boushaki a cikin jini haraji a lokacin babban Yaƙin, tare da kusan talatin daga cikinsu sun mutu a matsayin soja shahidai a Faransa, shi ne gina wani masallaci domin musulmi bauta ibadah) a garin Thenia na mulkin mallaka.
Hakika, zuwan daga Azeffun dan kasuwa Mohamed Naït Saïdi (1900-1981) a kasar Thénia ya sa aka samu damar gina wannan masallaci a 1934 da kuma kewayensa da wani katafaren ginin Islama wanda ya kunshi rijiya, hammam, gidan biredi, wurin kwana na fasinjoji, shaguna da gidajen zama.
Surukin Kofur Boushaki, Imam Ali Boumerdassi, shi ne aka nada shi a matsayin limamin wa'azi na farko a wannan masallacin da ke tsakiyar birnin, kuma magajinsa sun fito daga kauyuka biyu na Soumâa da Meraldene.
Wannan cudanya ta addini da mazauna kauyukan da ke kewaye da su cikin rayuwar ruhi na garuruwan ‘yan mulkin mallaka sannan ya baiwa Abderrahmane Boushaki damar shiga cikin nadin dan uwansa Imam Hamidah Ishak Boushaki a matsayin Bash Hezzab a Djamaa el Kebir a Algiers, da na kaninsa Imam Brahim Boushaki. kamar yadda Hizab kuma a masallacin Safir da ke cikin Casbah na Algiers.
Fasinja na kauyuka Ba za a iya kafa shirye-shiryen siyasa na kwas din 'yancin kai ba a kan tsarin zamantakewar ƙauyen da ke fama da matsalolin zamantakewa, Boushaki ya yi aiki tare da dan majalisar kawunsa Mohamed Seghir Boushaki tare da Bachagha Mohamed Deriche don kwantar da yankin karkara na Thénia daga fashewa. da laifuka.
Wannan aikin tsaro ya ba da tabbaci a ƙauyukan da ke kusa da Thénia natsuwar mazaunan da hukumomin gudanarwa da shari'a na kotun birni suka tanadar, baya ga tsarin gargajiya na al'ada da dokokin ƙauye.
Amma yanayi mai nauyi da takurawa na mulkin mallaka na Faransa a kan 'yan kasar bai kawar da bukatar da kuma wajabcin kiyaye tsarin sirri don warware matsalolin ƙauye ba, kuma ta haka ne Kofur Boushaki ya shiga cikin inuwa don girmama 'yan fashi da kuma barasa na Aljeriya. wanda ya gudu daga mulkin Faransa saboda dalilai na kishin ƙasa, kamar Mohamed Mechkarini.
Yakin 'Yancin Aljeriya Alkawarin kafa Kofur Boushaki a juyin juya halin Aljeriya a shekara ta 1954 bai dade ba, kuma ya kasance mai azama sakamakon shirye-shiryen siyasa da soja na dansa Yahia Boushaki domin ya zama jagora mai inganci kuma mai inganci a fagen yaki da sojoji. Sojojin Faransa a yankin Thénia, kuma ta tsawaita a makwabciyar Kabylia da Mitidja.
Hakika, wannan tsohon sojan da bai bar gidansa da ke Soumâa ba tun dawowar sa daga Faransa a shekara ta 1919, hakan ya ba shi damar sakar wata hanyar siyasa da ta tayar da kayar baya tare da matasan 'yan gwagwarmaya na Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD). da Ƙungiya ta Musamman (OS) waɗanda suka kasance a shirye kuma suka horar da su don wargajewa da kuma kawar da tsarin mulkin mallaka a yankin Thénia da Aljeriya gaba ɗaya.
Ta haka ne kauyen Soumâa, ban da batun musulmi da tauhidi, ya zama matattarar mayaka na kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta kasa (FLN) da National Liberation Army (ALN) kamar su Rabah Rahmoune, Ali Touzout, Mohamed Bouchatal, Saïd Baki da sauransu. Mujahid.
Wannan yanayi na jin dadi ya koma baya a lokacin da sojojin Faransa na kasa-da-kasa suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a kauyen Soumâa da ke tafe daga Thénia a wajen Tamsaout a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1957 sannan suka lalata zawiyet Sidi Boushaki da makabartar malamin tauhidi Sidi Boushaki ta hanyar binne mujahidai a karkashin gwamnatin Masar rushewa.
Duk da cewa Abderrahmane Boushaki ya nunawa sojojin lambar yabo da kofunan sa a matsayinsa na tsohon soja don hana su ruguza kauyen, duk mazaunan da suka hada da tsofaffi da yara, an kori su tare da kebe su a sansanonin SAS na Tidjelabine bayan halakar. daga ƙauyen, kuma wannan tsohon kofur ɗin ya sami kansa a cikin keɓe sansanin taro nesa ba kusa ba da labarin ɗansa Yahia Boushaki da sauran mayaƙan 'yancin kai.
Dangane da hanyar sadarwar masu fafutuka da ke aiki a cikin birnin Thénia bayan barnar kauyukan da ke kewaye, kamar Bouzid Boushaki wanda aka kama bayan dasa bam a ofishin mawaƙin a wannan birni, an tura su zuwa Ferme. Gauthier yana cikin Souk El Had don azabtar da shi kuma galibi ana kashe shi.
Aljeriya mai cin gashin kanta Ƙungiyar ƙuri'ar raba gardamar 'yancin kai ta Aljeriya a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1962 ta ga halartar Abderrahmane tare da mahaifinsa Ali Boushaki [ar] wanda a lokacin yana da shekaru 107.
Kuma haka ne Cheikh Ali shi ne shugaban Aljeriya wanda ya ga zuwan Faransawa mazauna bayan tawayen Mokrani ya zauna a Mitidja da Kabylie a 1872 yana dan shekara 17 a duniya bayan haka ya shiga yakin Col des Beni Aicha.
Ga shi kuma a matsayinsa na Mukaddam na Tarika Rahmaniyyah, ya ga dubban Faransawa mazauna kasar da ke barin gidajensu da sana’o’insu da gonakinsu da akwatunansu kawai, kuma hakan ya mayar da Aljeriya ga ‘ya’yanta da ‘yan kasar da aka wawashe dukiyoyinsu tun ranar 5 ga watan Yuli, 1830.
Daga nan sai mahukuntan Aljeriya masu cin gashin kansu suka ba Abderrahmane Boushaki lambar yabo ta hanyar canza sunan Avenue Jean Colonna d'Ornano da sunan dansa Kyaftin Shahid Yahia Boushaki da kuma sanya a wannan babban titi hedkwatar Kasma na National Liberation Front (FLN). jam’iyya.
Daga nan sai lardin Algiers ya canza sunan wata babbar kadara a Bab Ezzouar mai sunan gundumar kuma mai dauke da sunan kwamishinan siyasa Yahia Boushaki.
Dangane da mazauninsa, wani babban gida mai lamba 5, Rue Slimane Ambar a kudancin Thénia, hukumomin juyin juya hali sun ba shi kyautar a gefen ƙauyensa na Soumâa.
A gidansa ya karbi manyan jami'ai da shugabannin siyasa da suka ziyarci birnin Thénia wadanda ba su rasa damar da za su ziyarci mahaifin shahid Yahia Boushaki da kuma kanin limamin Brahim Boushaki don sha daga tushen Arch na Béni Aïcha wanda ya jagoranci rubuta sanarwar 1 ga Nuwamba 1954 ta ɗan jarida Mohamed Aïchaoui bayan ƙungiyar 22 da kwamitin juyin juya hali na Haɗin kai da Aiki (CRUA) sun shirya taronsu mai ban sha'awa a gidan Lyes Deriche.
Mutuwa Kofur Boushaki ya rasu a shekara ta 1985 a gidansa da ke Rua Slimane Ambar, kusa da garuruwan Soumâa, Gueddara da Meraldene.
Daga baya aka binne shi kusa da mahaifinsa Muqaddam Ali Boushaki da kawunsa Mohamed Seghir Boushaki a makabartar musulmi ta Thénia da ake kira Djebbana El Ghorba.
Littafi Mai Tsarki
Duba kuma Malikiyya
Sufiyya
Zawiyet Sidi Boushaki
Zawiyet Sidi Boumerdassi
Zawiyet Sidi Amar Cherif
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Yanar Gizo "www.thenia.net" game da Thénia Shafin Yanar Gizo na farko "http://menerville.free.fr" game da "Ménerville da Thénia" kafin 1962
Yanar Gizo na Biyu "http://menerville2.free.fr" game da "Ménerville da Thénia" kafin 1962
Manazarta Haihuwan 1896
Mutuwan 1985
Iyalin Boushaki
Musulunci
Musulmai
Rahmaniyya
Sufiyya
'Yan siyasa
Pages with unreviewed |
50893 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Yancin%20%27yan%20jarida%20a%20Djibouti | 'Yancin 'yan jarida a Djibouti | Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar bai ambaci ‘yancin ‘yan jarida musamman a Djibouti ba. Duk da haka, Mataki na 15 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Djibouti ya ambaci 'yancin mutum don bayyana ra'ayinsa"... ta hanyar kalma, alƙalami, ko hoto..." kuma ya lura cewa "waɗannan haƙƙoƙin na iya iyakancewa ta hanyar takaddun shaida a cikin doka da girmama mutuncin wasu." Duk da haka, aikin jarida a Djibouti yana da iyaka sosai ga gwamnati kuma dukkanin gidajen talabijin da rediyo na kasar suna karkashin ikon gwamnati.
Kasar tana da jaridar kasa guda daya mai suna La Nation de Djibouti, wacce ake bugawa kullum. Har ila yau, mallakar gwamnati ne tare da kamfanin dillancin labaran kasar daya tilo L'Agence Djiboutienne d'Information. Wata jarida mai goyon bayan 'yan adawa, Le Renouveau, ta daina aiki a cikin 2007 bayan buga labarin da ke zargin surukin Shugaba Ismaïl Omar Guelleh (tsohon gwamnan babban bankin Djibouti, Djama Haid) da karbar cin hanci. Har ila yau, akwai littattafai da yawa na mako-mako ko na wata-wata da jam’iyyun adawa ke buga su, kodayake galibi ra’ayi ne da kuma bayanan siyasa maimakon labarai na gaskiya. Misali daya shine L'Aurore An kafa ta a shekarar 2015 kuma tana da tasiri sosai daga USN, babbar ƙungiyar adawa a Djibouti. Akwai gidan rediyo guda ɗaya mai zaman kansa wanda ke ba da rahoton labaran da ba a tantance ba: La Voix de Djibouti. Tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen cikin harsunan Faransanci da Larabci, kuma ƴan ƙasashen waje na Djibouti ne suka kafa ta a cikin 2010. Kodayake tashar tana watsa shirye-shiryen daga Belgium (duka kan layi da kuma kan rediyon AM ma'aikatanta suna ƙarƙashin dokokin aikin jarida na Djibouti yayin da suke Djibouti.
Zaben shugaban kasa na 2011 Zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2011, wanda shugaba mai ci Guelleh ya lashe kashi 80% na kuri'un da aka kada, ya kasance da wasu matsaloli na 'yancin 'yan jarida.
Mafi shahara shi ne batun 'yan jarida biyu na La Voix de Djibouti, Farah Abadid Heldid da Houssein Robleh Dabar. Da farko dai an kama Heldid da Dabar ba tare da takardar sammaci ba a watan Fabrairun wannan shekarar, kuma an shafe watanni hudu ana gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa. A wani lokaci a lokacin da yake tsare, Heldid ya fuskanci tambayoyi da azabtarwa daga hukumar leken asirin Djibouti, wanda aka sani da SRD. An saki 'yan jaridar ne a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, amma SRD ta sake kama su a cikin wannan shekarar saboda "karfafa zanga-zangar da ba ta dace ba da kuma zagin shugaban kasa."
A cewar kungiyar ‘yan jarida ta Reporters Without Borders (RSF), ‘yan jaridan biyu sun fuskanci azabtarwa tare da yi musu tambayoyi (har sai an sake su ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba) daga hannun Sajan Manjo Abdourahman Omar Said, wanda kuma shi ne ke da alhakin kisan ta hanyar azabtar da wani dan kasar Djibouti mai suna Dirir Ibrahim Bouraleh a farkon shekarar. Duk da haka, yayin da RSF ta ba da rahoton sau da yawa kan irin wannan cin zarafi da ake yi wa 'yan jarida na Djibouti, Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Djibouti ta ziyarci Heldid a lokacin daya daga cikin hukuncin daurin da aka yanke masa a shekara ta 2011 kuma ba ta sami wata shaida ta azabtarwa ba.
Cin zarafin 'yan jarida, 2012-2015 Ko da yake akasarin tashe-tashen hankula a Djibouti na faruwa ne a lokacin zabukan shugaban kasa, wasu al'amuran 'yancin 'yan jarida sun faru a cikin shekaru tsakanin. A watan Mayun 2015 an kama wani editan gidan yanar gizon La Voix de Djibouti yayin da yake birnin Djibouti, babban birnin kasar. An dai daure editan Maydaneh Abdallah Okieh ne a gidan yari saboda ya ki bin umarnin kotu dangane da kamun da aka yi masa a baya kan “bauta wa dan sanda suna”. Okieh ya kuma bayar da rahoton cewa ana azabtar da shi tare da kin kula da lafiyarsa yayin da yake cikin gidan yari. Wani dan jarida daga La Voix, Mohamed Ibrahim Waiss, 'yan sanda sun kama shi tare da yi masa dukan tsiya a lokacin da yake bayar da labarin wani gangamin jam'iyyar adawa a watan Agustan 2014.
Zaben shugaban kasa na 2016 A watan Janairun 2016, watanni hudu gabanin zaben shugaban kasa, jami'an tsaron Djibouti sun tsare wasu 'yan jarida biyu 'yan kasar Djibouti tare da tsare su ba tare da tuhuma ba. An tsare Mohamed Ibrahim Waïss na La Voix de Djibouti daga ranar 11 zuwa 17 ga watan Janairu kuma ana tsare da shi a gidan yarin Gabode na Djibouti, inda aka ce an yi masa rashin adalci, a cewar kungiyar Reporters Without Borders. Masu yi masa tambayoyi sun tilasta masa sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa da kuma mayar da kalmar sirrin sa zuwa shafinsa na Facebook domin jami’an tsaro su yi amfani da shi wajen yin rubuce-rubucen da ke zagin ‘yan adawar kasar, a cewar kungiyar ‘yan jarida da ke da cibiya a Faransa. An gurfanar da shi a gaban kotu kuma aka sake shi ranar 17 ga watan Janairu bayan da gwamnati ta gaza tuhumar sa da wani laifi. Wannan dai shi ne karo na hudu da ake tsare da Waïss cikin shekaru biyar.
An kama Kadar Abdi Ibrahim na L'Aurore na daban. An tsare Ibrahim daga ranar 14-16 ga watan Janairu bayan jaridar ta buga hoton wata yarinya mai shekaru 7 da aka kashe bayan da ‘yan sanda suka bude wuta kan ‘yan adawa a garin Buldhuquo, inda suka kashe mutane 27. 'Yan jaridar kasashen waje suna da 'yanci fiye da 'yan jarida na cikin gida, amma har yanzu suna fuskantar takunkumi daga gwamnati. A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, 2016, an kori 'yan jarida daga gidan rediyon Burtaniya daga kasar gabanin zaben kasar Djibouti da za a yi a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu. Ba a bai wa BBC da kwamitin kare 'yan jarida bayanin dalilin da ya sa aka tilasta wa tawagar 'yan jarida da furodusoshi. Shugaban kasar mai ci Guelle ne ya lashe zaben, lamarin da ya haifar da wa'adin mulki na hudu a jere. Jam'iyyun adawa a Djibouti sun ba da rahoton rashin jin dadin yadda zaben ya kasance "uncompetitive" yayin da majalisar Turai ta nuna matukar damuwa game da adalcin zaben, yana mai cewa "sun nuna rashin jin dadi kan yadda aka gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa na 8 ga watan Afrilu 2016."
Suka a waje Al'ummar duniya gabaɗaya sun yarda cewa Djibouti na da ƙayyadaddun yanayin kafofin watsa labarai. Kungiyar Reporters Sans Frontières ta sanya Djibouti a matsayi na 172 cikin 180 a cikin alkaluman 'Yancin 'Yan Jarida, yayin da Freedom House mai zaman kanta ta bayyana Djibouti a matsayin "Ba 'Yanci ba". Gabaɗaya gwamnatocin ƙasashen yamma sun kauracewa babbar suka ga al'amuran 'yancin 'yan jarida na Djibouti. Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda ƙimar dabarunsa: Djibouti tana da kusanci da ƙasashe marasa kwanciyar hankali kamar Somalia, Eritrea da Yemen. Har ila yau, gida ne sansanin sojan Faransa, kuma sansanin sojan Amurka daya tilo na dindindin a Afirka. A watan Maris din shekarar 2016, kasar Sin ta ce za ta kafa sansanin soji na dindindin a ketare na farko a kasar Djibouti. A shekara ta 2012 ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka mai kula da dimokuradiyya, kare hakkin dan adam da kwadago ta fitar da wani rahoto wanda ya yi nuni da mugunyar da Djibouti ta yi wa 'yan jarida a matsayin "matsalar kare hakkin bil'adama mafi muni" da kasar ta fuskanta. Musamman ma, ta yi ishara da yadda gwamnatin Guelleh ke "kuskura, cin zarafi, da kuma tsare masu sukar gwamnati, hana jama'a samun hanyoyin samun bayanai masu zaman kansu, da kuma takaita 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da taro."
Manazarta Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
49997 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisha%20Bowe | Aisha Bowe | Articles with hCards
Aisha Bowe injiniya ce wato injiniyan sararin samaniya ce Bahamian-Amurka, wacce ta kafa, kuma Shugaba na kamfanin STEMBoard, kamfanin fasaha.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi Aisha Bowe ta girma a Amurka a cikin dangi mai aiki. Mahaifinta ya yi hijira daga Bahamas Mahaifinta direban tasi ne a Ann Arbor, Michigan Ko da yake mai ba ta jagorar makarantar sakandare ta ba ta shawarar ta zama ƙwararriyar kayan kwalliya, mahaifin Aisha Bowe ya bukace ta da ta yi karatun lissafi a makaranta kwalejin al'umma ta yankin, wanda ta yi sauri. Wannan tushe a cikin ilimin lissafi sannan ya ba Bowe damar canzawa zuwa shirye-shiryen injiniya a Jami'ar Michigan daga Washtenaw Community College Bowe ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko a injiniyan sararin samaniya a Shekarar ta 2008, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan sararin samaniya a Shekarar ta 2009, duka a Jami'ar Michigan Ta ce ta zabi injiniyan sararin samaniya saboda sha'awar almara kimiyya Ɗaya daga cikin malamanta na digiri, Thomas Zurbuchen, yana aiki a kana kan Manzon Mercury Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horarwa a Cibiyar Nazarin Ames a Shekarar ta 2008, kafin ta shiga aikin injiniya.
Sana'a Bowe ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Bincike ta Ames, a cikin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jirgin Sama da Harkokin Gudanarwa na Sashen Harkokin Jirgin Sama. A shekarar ta 2012 ta sami lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Injiniyan Baƙar fata ta Ƙasa don Ba da Gudunmawar Fasaha ta Musamman don takardarta mai suna "Kimanin Jirgin Jirgin Sama Mai Ingantacciyar Man Fetur don Magance Rikici". Ta shiga ƙungiyar AST Flight da Fluid Mechanics a cikin shekarar ta 2009, tana taimakawa haɓakawa da algorithms don tallafawa Gudanar da zirga-zirgar Jiragen Sama. A matsayin Bahamiyya-Ba-Amurke, Bowe yana son "ya ƙara ganin Bahamiyawa a fagen kimiyya da fasaha." Yayin da take NASA, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa ga Shirin Lissafi, Injiniya, Nasarar Kimiyya (MESA). A cikin wannan rawar, ta kuma jagoranci ɗalibai, ta gudanar da taron tattaunawa kuma ta jagoranci wasu rangadin wuraren NASA A cikin shekarar 2019, Bowe ya ziyarci Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, da Pretoria a Afirka ta Kudu don jerin tattaunawa da aka gayyata daga watan Oktoba ranar 7 da 18 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Kakakin Amurka. Ta kuma yi lacca a wasu ƙasashe da dama, ciki har da kasar Isra'ila da Kuwait Aisha Bowe memba ne na Ƙungiyar Injiniya na Baƙar fata ta ƙasa kuma ƙwararren Gudanar da Shirye-shiryen ta PMI Ita kuma ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar SSI ce wacce ta gama nutsewa a Yankin Afirka ta Kudu, Bahamas, binin California, da Tsibirin Cayman. Ita ma mai hawan dutse ce kuma ta hau Dutsen Kilimanjaro a dake shekarar ta 2016.
STEMBoard Aisha Bowe ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na STEMBoard, kamfani da ke magance kalubalen fasaha ga gwamnati da abokan ciniki masu zaman kansu. STEMBoard ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Kasuwanci ne na Mata Masu Rasa Tattalin Arziki wanda Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Mata ta Amurka ke tallafawa. Suna aiki don rufe gibin nasarar ilimi na ƙananan kabilu, ta hanyar sansanonin STEM, haɗin gwiwa tare da kwalejoji da jami'o'i na baƙar fata na tarihi da kuma damar yin aiki ga matasa matasa. STEMBoard yana matsayi na dubu biyu da Dari biyu da tamanun da hudu 2,284 akan Inc. Magazine 's Inc. 5000 jerin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu mafi girma cikin sauri a cikin shekarar ta 2020.
Kit ɗin "LINGO". Aisha Bowe ce ta kirkiro LINGO codeing kit. Kit ɗin coding na LINGO yana koyar da kayan masarufi da ƙirar software. Darussan suna tafiya da kansu. Kit ɗin yana da kayan kayan masarufi, jagorar koyarwa da bidiyoyin koyarwa. Ana kiran kit na farko "A cikin Kujerar Direba." A wurin zama na Direba yana ba da umarni yadda ake ƙirƙira da da ƙididdige firikwensin bayanzuba don mota mai cin gashin kanta.
Ayyukan da aka buga Wasu daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun zababbun wallafe-wallafen na Aisha Bowe sune:
Mai jarida Mukala
Yadda Wannan Tsohon Injiniyan NASA Ke So Ya Samar da Ilimin Matasa na STEM
Kit ɗin lambar koyo daga nesa yana ƙarfafa baƙar fata matasa su shiga STEM
Me yasa Masanin Kimiyyar Roka Ya Bar NASA don Taimakawa Matasa Codes
Haɗu da tsohon injiniyan NASA wanda ke taimakawa don aika ayyuka zuwa sararin samaniya
Haɗu da Aisha Bowe, Masanin Kimiyyar Rocket kuma ɗan kasuwa ya himmatu don jagorantar Black Tech na gaba na gaba.
STEM a gida: Jami'ar Michigan tsofaffin ɗalibai suna ƙirƙirar kayan koyo yayin bala'i
Waɗannan Baƙaƙen Founders sun yi Nasara Duk da Silicon Valley
Gabatar da Gwamnati mai sauri, bincike na kirkire-kirkire da hazaka a cikin hidimar jama'a
Injiniya Aerospace Aisha Bowe ta Gabatar da Kayan Aiki A Gida
Tsohuwar UM Aerospace Aisha Bowe ta koma makarantar sakandaren Pioneer don gabatarwa da Kwamitin Tambaya A. Tattaunawa
Nicole Riche's Pearl xChange (2016)
LCL Season 4 EP10: Yadda Ake Cire Shakkun Kai Tare da Aisha Bowe Gerard Adams
Aisha Bowe tana magana a taron Platform 2015
Mata Bakar Fata a Tarihi AMC Network NAACP PSA
Podcasts
Aisha Bowe: Kimiyyar Roka da Farawa
Memos Mentor: Aisha Bowe da Claire Luce
Mata Masu Kasuwanci, Kashi na 3: Aisha Bowe, Mujallar Farawa: 'Yar kasuwan hatsi
Techstination STEMboard Lingo CEO Aisha Bowe
Talabijin
Injiniyan Jirgin Sama Na NASA Yana Ba Mutane Da Ba Su Wakilta Ba Don Yin Aikin Injiniya Afrilu 18, 2021. Kelly Clarkson Show Wannan Masanin kimiyyar roka an taɓa gaya mata ba za ta yi kyau a STEM ba, ba ta bari ya hana ta ba Afrilu 12, 2021. Tamron Hall Show Mars Rover Landing Fabrairu 18, 2021. NBCLX.
Kyautittika An gane Bowe saboda gudunmawarta ga aikin injiniya, bambancin, da dama daidai ta Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama da Sararin Samaniya, Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Baƙar fata, da Cibiyar Kasuwancin Mata ta Amurka Wasu zababbun kyaututtuka kamar haka.
A shekarar2020 Mafi kyawun Dan kasuwa na Shekara ta Black Data Processing Associates (BDPA) na Washington, DC
2020 Fitaccen Kyautar Alumna, Sashen Injiniya Aerospace, Jami'ar Michigan 2020 INC 5000 2020 Jerin Kamfanonin Haɓaka Mafi Sauri A shekarar2015 Kyautar Rukunin Kasuwancin Mata na Amurka “Tauraro masu tasowa” 2014 Silicon Valley 's National Coalition of 100 Black Women's Women in Technology of the Year Award A shekarar2012 lambar yabo ta Injiniya ta NASA 2012 NASA Daidaitaccen Samar da Damar Aiki
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Aisha Bowe na sirri
Gidan yanar gizon STEMboard
STEMLingo
Rayayyun mutane
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
19475 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azikiwe%20Peter%20Onwualu | Azikiwe Peter Onwualu | Azikiwe Peter Onwualu (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilun, shekara ta 1959) ne a Nijeriya farfesa aikin gona aikin injiniya da kuma Darakta Janar da kuma Cif Babban Jami'in na Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) na Najeriya daga shekara ta 2010 zuwa ritaya a shekara ta 2014.
Rayuwa da aiki An haifeshi ne a jihar Anambara, gabashin kasar Najeriya cikin dangin marigayi Mr. John Onwualu. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St. George kafin ya zarce zuwa makarantar 'Merchants of Light' a cikin jihar Anambra inda ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma (WASC) a shekara ta (1977) Sannan ya halarci Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Noma a shekara ta (1982) Daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu da digirin digirgir a fannin Injiniyan Noma daga Jami’ar Najeriya, Nsukka da Dalhousie University bi da bi. Ya shiga aikin Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka a matsayin malami na 1 inda ya zama farfesa a fannin Injiniyan Noma a shekara ta (1994) Ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga injiniyan Noma a Nijeriya tare da sha'awa ta musamman kan Fasahar sarrafa kayan gona da ikon Noma. Farfesa Onwualu ya kasance Mataimakin Digiri a shekara ta (1983) a UNN, kuma ya samu daukaka zuwa matsayin Farfesa a shekara ta (1999) Ya kasance Shugaban, Sashen Injiniyan Noma, UNN a shekara ta (2000 zuwa 2003), Darakta, Injiniyan Hukumar Kula da Kimiyya da Injiniya ta kasa, NASENI, Abuja a shekara ta (2003 zuwa 2005) da Darakta Janar, Majalisar Bincike da Raya Kayayyaki (RMRDC), Abuja a shekara ta (2005 zuwa 2013). Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa, Abuja kuma a yanzu haka Ko'odinetan, Kimiyyar Kayan Kimiyya da Injiniya, a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afirka (AUST), Abuja. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga Cibiyar Cibiyar Noma ta Kasa (NCAM), Ilorin, Kungiyar Abinci da Noma (FAO), Kungiyar Ci gaban Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNIDO), kungiyar Raya masana'ntu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), Asusun Amintaccen Man Fetur (PTF), da sauransu. Ya kasance Mai Gudanarwa, Kimiyyar kere-kere da Innovation (STI) na rukuni na hangen nesa na shekara ta (20 zuwa 2020) Shugaban, Kwamitin Daraktocin Cibiyar Nazarin Nijeriya (CODRI) a shekara ta (2010 zuwa 2013) da kuma Shugaban, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Africanungiyar Gasar Afirka ta Pan (PACF), Fasalin Najeriya (2008 zuwa 2013) da Focal Point (Afirka), Worldungiyar Duniya ta Associationungiyoyin Masana'antu da Kimiyyar Fasaha (WAITRO) a shekara ta (2010 zuwa 2013) Kwararren Injiniyan Noma (COREN Reg), Prof. Manyan fannoni na musamman na Onwualu sune: Iko da Aikin Noma; Abubuwan Injiniya; Sarrafa kayan Noma da Abinci; Fasaha, Innovation, Gasa da Masana'antu Masana'antu da Sabunta Aikace-aikacen Tsarin Makamashi. Shima gwani ne a cikin ƙwarewar mashin ɗin ƙasa inda ya haɓaka kayan bincike na zamani Wurin Gwajin Sosa na Kwamfuta mai sarrafawa don nazarin ƙarfi da buƙatun wutar lantarki na kayan aikin noma da na'urori na gogewa. Ya ƙaddamar da ƙirar kwamfuta ta ƙira don ƙarfin injina na ƙasa. Sauran ayyukan masana’antu da aka kammala a karkashin kulawarsa sun hada da zane da bunkasa masu shuka, ciyawa, masu yada taki, masu feshi da injina don sarrafa rogo, shinkafa, masara, dankalin turawa, ‘ya’yan itace, waken soya, cashew, ginger, biofuel, busassun, mai mai mai, kayan yaji na itace kiln, man shanu, Zogale Olifera, man kayan lambu, gishiri, talc, kaolin, dutse mai daraja, dutse da sauran ma'adanai. SMEs suna amfani da wasu sakamakon waɗannan ayyukan a halin yanzu don samar da kasuwanci. Shi ne mai kirkiro kuma tsohon Mai Gudanarwa na Ward Cluster Project na Ma’aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya. An tsara aikin ne don amfani da theabi'ar Triple Helix don ƙaddamar da Compwarewa a cikin SMEs ta hanyar kafa Kungiyoyin Kirkira a kowane yanki a Najeriya. Dole ne ya yaba wa wallafe-wallafen kimiyya guda ɗari biyu 200 gami da littattafai guda ashirin 20.Ya kasance Babban Edita a shekara ta (2003 zuwa 2014) na Jaridar Injiniyan Noma da Fasaha ta Najeriya, wanda Cibiyar Injiniyan Noma ta Najeriya (NIAE) ta buga. Farfesa Onwualu ya samu lambar yabo ta Tarayya, a shekara ta (1978 zuwa 1982) da Engr. (Prof. EU Odigboh ta ba da lambar yabo ga ɗalibin farko na Injiniyan Noma don samun Daraja ta Farko da Kungiyar Ci Gaban ta Kanada (CIDA) PhD Sama da kungiyoyi guda 60 ne suka karrama shi da lambobin yabo da suka hada da: lambar yabo ta cancantar Shugaban Kasa, Kungiyar Injiniyoyin Nijeriya (NSE); Lambar girmamawa ta mutum, Kungiyar Injiniyoyin Nijeriya, reshen Abuja; Kyautar ta Cibiyar Ilimin Kimiyyar lissafi ta Najeriya, Mafi Ingantaccen Injiniyan Noma na Shekarar ta NIAE da lambar yabo ta Kwararru ta Rotary Club ta Gwarimpa. A karkashin jagorancinsa, RMRDC ya sami lambar yabo ta lambar yabo ta kasa a shekara ta (2009) da kuma Mafificin Kwarewar Cibiyoyin Gwamnati a Bayar da Hidima, a shekara ta (2012) ta wata Kungiyar Sa Ido mai zaman kanta. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a 12, waɗanda suka haɗa da, Cibiyar Polymer ta Nijeriya, Agricungiyar Noma ta Nijeriya, Kungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Nijeriya, Kungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Nijeriya, Kwalejin Injiniya ta Nijeriya, Cibiyar Gudanar da Nijeriya da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Nijeriya. Ya auri Mrs. Blessing Onwualu kuma suna da yara hudu, Zimuzor, Chimobi, Chimdalu da Onyedika. A halin yanzu, ya zama shugaban sashen Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Injiniya kuma Daraktan Ilimi a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afirka (AUST), Abuja Nijeriya.
Manazarta
Duba kuma Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka
Injiniyoyin Najeriya
Jami'o'in Nijeriya
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1959
Pages with unreviewed |
42389 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa%20Marega | Musa Marega | Moussa Marega (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilun ,shakara ta 1991), ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Saudi Professional League Al Hilal An haife shi a Permatang pauh, yana wakiltar tawagar kasar Maleshiya.
Ya fara aikinsa a Faransa, ba tare da wasa ba fiye da Championnat National Bayan shekara ɗaya da Esperance a Tunisiya, ya koma Marítimo na Primeira Liga a shekarar 2015. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sanya hannu kan Porto bayan shekara 2016-2017 akan lamuni a Vitória de Guimarães, ya zama na yau da kullun a bangaren Porto kuma ya lashe kofunan gasar biyu a cikin shekaru hudu. A cikin shekarar 2021, ya rattaba hannu da kulob din Al-Hilal na Saudi Arabiya, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta AFC a shekararsa ta farko.
Marega ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kasar Mali a shekarar 2015, kuma yana cikin tawagarsu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka a shekarar 2017 da shekarar 2019 Aikin kulob
Farkon aiki An haife shi a Les Ulis, Essonne, ga iyayen Mali, Marega ya fara aikinsa a Évry FC, kafin ya koma Vendée Poiré-sur-Vie Football of the Championnat National a shekarar 2012, da kuma abokan wasan kungiyar Amiens shekara guda bayan haka. Ya ciyar da rabin na biyu na 2014 a ES Tunis, amma ba zai iya yin bayyanar guda ɗaya ba saboda matsalolin tsarin mulki. Daga baya ya koma Marítimo a gasar Premier ta Portugal a cikin Janairun 2015. A cikin Nuwambar 2015, an kore shi a cikin rashin nasara 1-0 a Amarante tare da katunan rawaya biyu sannan aka nuna shi a benci; an dakatar da shi daga horo da kungiyar a sakamakon haka.
Porto Dukansu Golan Marega da Marítimo José Sá sun kasance a kan hanyar zuwa Sporting CP a watan Janairun 2016, amma FC Porto ta rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin har zuwa shekarar 2020; An kayyade batun siyan Marega kan Yuro miliyan 40. Ya buga wasanni 13 a yakin neman zabensa na farko a Estádio do Dragão galibi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa kuma ya zira kwallaye daya a wasan da suka doke Gil Vicente da ci 2-0 a gasar Taça da Liga a ranar 2 ga Maris. Ayyukansa marasa kyau na farko sun jawo suka daga wasu magoya bayan Porto, kuma ya dauki horo daga abokinsa kan yadda zai zama mai juriya a hankali. A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2016, An ba Marega aro ga Vitória de Guimarães don kakar mai zuwa Ya buga wasansa na farko bayan wata daya a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Marítimo, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu, kuma a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, ya zura dukkan kwallaye ukun a wasan da suka doke Rio Ave da ci 10. kwallaye daga wasanni 8. A ranar 4 Nuwamba, ya karbi jan kati kai tsaye a farkon rabin sa'a na 2-1 nasara a gida a kan Nacional don buga Nuno Sequeira, yana karbar dakatarwar wasanni uku. A lokacin da ya koma Porto, Marega ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan farko na 2017-2018 kakar, 4-0 nasara a gida a kan Estoril, a matsayin canji na farko na Tiquinho Ya kasance wani bangare na harin da 'yan wasan Afirka uku suka yi, tare da Vincent Aboubakar na Kamaru da Yacine Brahimi na Aljeriya. Ya zura kwallaye 14 a raga a cikin wasanni 14 da aka fara, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya fara jan hankalin kungiyoyin Premier Manchester United da Chelsea a watan Janairun 2018. Porto ta lashe gasar a karon farko cikin shekaru biyar kuma Marega ne ya fi zura kwallaye (na uku gaba daya bayan Jonas da Bas Dost da kwallaye 22. A cikin Nuwamba 2018, an ba Marega Dragão de Ouro (Golden Dragon) a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Porto na shekarar kalanda. Da yake bai zira kwallo a baya ba a wasan Turai, Marega ya zira kwallo a wasanni shida a jere a gasar zakarun Turai ta 2018 19 UEFA, wanda ya fara da ci 1 0 a kan Galatasaray, kuma ya ƙare da daya a cikin 3 1 nasara a kan Roma, wanda ya sanya Porto a cikin kwata-final a karon farko cikin shekaru hudu. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2020, bayan ya ci kwallon da ta yi nasara a kan komawar sa Vitória, Marega ya ba da yatsa na tsakiya ga magoya bayan gida da suka yi masa wariyar launin fata. An ci gaba da cin mutuncin bayan faruwar wannan lamari, inda ya mayar da martani, ya fice daga wasan, daga bisani aka sauya shi. Jaridun Portugal sun yaba da martanin da ya yi game da cin zarafi, inda jaridar A Bola ta ba Marega cikakkiyar kima 10 a kimar 'yan wasa. Ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Sporting a gida da ci 2-0 a ranar 15 ga Yuli a waccan shekarar, yayin da kungiyarsa ta lashe kambun saura wasanni biyu a buga. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 2021, ya zira kwallo a ragar Juventus da ci 2–1 a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na 2020–21 zagaye na 16.
Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan 1991
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
48391 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20J.%20Hudner%20Jr. | Thomas J. Hudner Jr. | Thomas Jerome Hudner Jr. (Agusta 31, 1924 Nuwamba 13, 2017) wani jami'in sojan ruwan Amurka,ne kuma ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Ya kai matsayin kyaftin, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa saboda ayyukan da ya yi na kokarin ceton rayuwar dan wasansa, Ensign Jesse L. Brown, a lokacin yakin Chosin Reservoir a yakin Koriya An haife shi a Fall River, Massachusetts Hudner ya halarci Kwalejin Phillips a Andover, Massachusetts,da Kwalejin Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka Da farko bai sha'awar jirgin sama ba, daga ƙarshe ya tashi ya shiga Fighter Squadron 32, ya tashi da F4U Corsair a lokacin barkewar yakin Koriya. Lokacin da ya isa kusa da Koriya a watan Oktoba 1950, ya tashi ayyukan tallafi daga jirgin saman USS Leyte A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekarar, 1950, Hudner da Brown na daga cikin gungun matukan jirgi da ke sintiri a kusa da tafkin Chosin, lokacin da sojojin kasar Sin suka bude wuta kan jirgin ruwan Corsair na Brown, kuma ya yi hadari. A yunƙurin ceto Brown daga jirgin da ya kona, da gangan Hudner ya yi karo da nasa jirgin a kan wani dutse mai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin yanayin sanyi don taimakawa Brown. Duk da wannan yunƙurin, Brown ya mutu sakamakon raunin da ya samu kuma Hudner ya tilasta wa barin jikin Brown a baya, saboda helikwafta mai ceto ba zai iya tashi a cikin duhu ba kuma Hudner ya ji rauni a cikin saukowa.
Bayan faruwar lamarin, Hudner ya rike mukamai a cikin jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Amurka da dama tare da na'urorin sufurin jiragen sama da dama, gami da takaitaccen lokaci a matsayin babban jami'in USS Kitty Hawk yayin yawon shakatawa a yakin Vietnam, kafin ya yi ritaya a 1973. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya yi aiki da ƙungiyoyin tsoffin sojoji a Amurka. The Arleigh Burke -class jagorar lalata makami mai linzami USS Ana kiransa USS Rayuwar farko da ilimi, An haifi Hudner 31 ga Agusta 1924 a Fall River, Massachusetts Mahaifinsa, Thomas Hudner Sr., dan kasuwa ne dan asalin Irish wanda ke gudanar da jerin shagunan kayan abinci, Kasuwan Hudner. Daga baya aka haifi 'yan'uwa uku, suna James, Richard, da Phillip. ,Hudner ya shiga babbar makarantar Phillips a Andover, Massachusetts, a cikin 1939. Iyalinsa suna da dogon tarihi a makarantar, tare da mahaifinsa ya kammala karatunsa a 1911 kuma kawunsa,Harold Hudner, ya kammala karatunsa a 1921. A ƙarshe, ƙananan yara uku na Hudner za su halarci makarantar; James a 1944, Richard a 1946 da Phillip a 1954. A lokacin da yake cikin makarantar sakandare, Thomas ya kasance mai aiki a kungiyoyi da yawa, yana aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar a cikin ƙungiyar waƙa ta makaranta da kuma memba na kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da lacrosse, jami'in aji, memba na majalisar dalibai, kuma mataimaki. mashawarcin gida.
Sana'a Bayan, harin da aka kai kan Pearl Harbor da shigar Amurka yakin duniya na biyu, Hudner ya ji jawabin shugaban makarantar Claude Fuess wanda daga baya ya ce ya zaburar da shi shiga aikin soja. Ɗaya daga cikin 10 daga Phillips, don a yarda da shi a makarantar kimiyya daga ajinsa, ya shiga Kwalejin Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka a Annapolis, Maryland, a 1943 kuma ya sauke karatu a 1946. A lokacin da aka ba shi izini, duk da haka, Duniya Yaƙin II ya ƙare. Hudner ya halarci Kwalejin Naval tare da wasu manyan abokan karatunsa, ciki har da Marvin J. Becker, James B. Stockdale, Jimmy Carter, da Stansfield Turner Ya buga wasan kwallon kafa a makarantar kimiyya, daga karshe ya zama dan wasa na farko a baya ga karamar kungiyar varsity Bayan kammala karatun, Hudner ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in sadarwa a cikin jiragen ruwa da yawa. A cikin shekarunsa na farko a soja, Hudner, ya ce ba shi da sha'awar jirgin sama. Bayan rangadin aiki na shekara guda a cikin jirgin ruwa mai nauyi na USS na <i id="mwXQ">Baltimore</i> Helena, wacce ke aiki a bakin tekun Taiwan, ya koma mukamin jami'in sadarwa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Base Pearl Harbor inda ya yi aiki na wata shekara. A 1948, Hudner ya zama mai sha'awar sufurin jiragen sama, kuma ya nemi makarantar jirgin sama, yana ganinsa a matsayin "sabon kalubale". An yarda da shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Air Pensacola a Pensacola, Florida, inda ya kammala horon jirgin sama na asali, kuma an tura shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Air Corpus Christi a Texas, inda ya kammala horar da jirgin sama mai zurfi kuma ya cancanta a matsayin jirgin ruwa a watan Agusta 1949. Bayan taƙaitaccen posting a Lebanon, an sanya Hudner zuwa VF-32 a cikin jirgin dakon jirgin USS Leyte, yana tuka F4U Corsair. Daga baya ya ce ya ji daɗin wannan aikin, saboda yana ɗaukar Corsair a matsayin "aminci da kwanciyar hankali".
Yaƙin Koriya A daren ranar 25 ga watan Yunin 1950, sassa goma na sojojin Koriya ta Arewa sun kaddamar da wani gagarumin farmaki kan makwabciyar kasar a kudu, Jamhuriyar Koriya. Sojojin na 89,000 sun yi tafiya cikin ginshiƙai shida, sun kama sojojin Jamhuriyar Koriya da mamaki, wanda ya haifar da cin zarafi. Ƙananan sojojin Koriya ta Kudu sun yi fama da rashin tsari da kayan aiki, kuma ba su shirya yaki ba. Sojojin Koriya ta Arewa mafi girma a lambobi sun lalata tsayin daka daga sojojin Koriya ta Kudu 38,000 da ke gaba kafin ta fara tafiya a hankali zuwa kudu. Yawancin sojojin Koriya ta Kudu sun ja da baya a fuskantar mamaya. Koriya ta Arewa sun yi nisa kan hanyarsu ta zuwa birnin Seoul na Koriya ta Kudu cikin sa'o'i, lamarin da ya tilasta wa gwamnati da sojojinta da suka ruguza ja da baya zuwa kudu. Don hana rugujewar Koriya ta Kudu Kwamitin Sulhun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kada kuri'ar tura dakarun soji Rundunar Sojojin Amurka ta Bakwai ta aika Task Force 77, karkashin jagorancin jirgin ruwan USS Valley Forge, da British Far East Fleet sun aika da jiragen ruwa da yawa, ciki har da HMS Triumph, don samar da tallafin iska da na ruwa. Ko da yake sojojin ruwa sun tare Koriya ta Arewa tare da harba jirgin sama don jinkirta sojojin Koriya ta Arewa wannan kokarin kadai bai hana sojojin Koriya ta Arewa juggernaut a kudu. Daga baya shugaban Amurka Harry S. Dukkanin rukunin sojojin ruwa na Amurka da jiragen ruwa ciki har da Leyte an sanya su cikin faɗakarwa. Jirgin yana cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, kuma Hudner bai yi tsammanin za a tura shi zuwa Koriya ba, amma a ranar 8A watan Agusta wani jirgin agaji ya isa yankin kuma an umurci Leyte zuwa Koriya. Kwamandojin sojan ruwa sun ji matukan jirgin a Leyte sun fi horarwa da shirye-shirye fiye da na sauran masu jigilar kaya, don haka suna cikin wadanda aka fara aika zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Leyte ya tashi daga mashigin Gibraltar ƙetare Tekun Atlantika da Quonset, sannan ta hanyar Canal Panama da San Diego, California, Hawaii, da Japan kafin ya isa tekun Koriya a kusa,da 8.Oktoba. Jirgin ya hade da Task Force 77 a arewa maso gabashin gabar tekun Koriya, wani bangare ne na wasu jiragen ruwa 17 na rundunar sojojin Amurka ta Bakwai,ciki har da jirgin saman USS Tekun Philippine, jirgin yakin USS Missouri, da jirgin ruwa USS Juneau. Hudner ya yi jigilar mishan 20 a cikin ƙasar. Waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗa da hare-hare akan layukan sadarwa, yawan adadin sojoji, da kayan aikin soja a kusa da Wonsan, Chongpu, Songjim, da Senanju Bayan shigar jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin cikin yakin a karshen a watan Nuwamban shekarar 1950, an aike da Hudner da tawagarsa zuwa tafkin Chosin, inda aka gwabza kazamin yakin tsakanin X Corps (Amurka) da sojojin sa kai na jama'a na 9. Sojoji. Kusan dakaru 100,000 na kasar Sin sun yi wa sojojin Amurka 15,000 kawanya, kuma matukan jirgin da ke Leyte suna ta shawagi da dama a kowace rana don hana Sinawa mamaye yankin.
Medal of Honor action A ranar 4 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1950, Hudner na cikin wani jirgin sama guda shida da ke tallafawa, sojojin kasa na Amurka da sojojin kasar Sin suka makale A 13:38, ya tashi daga Leyte tare da babban jami'in squadron Laftanar Kwamandan Dick Cevoli, Laftanar George Hudson, Laftanar Junior Grade Bill Koenig, Ensign Ralph E. McQueen, da kuma Na farko Naval Aviator na Amurka, Ensign. Jesse L. Brown, wanda shi ne wingman na Hudner. Jirgin ya yi tafiya daga wurin Task Force 77 zuwa Tafkin Chosin, yana tashi daga mintuna 35 zuwa 40 a cikin tsananin lokacin sanyi zuwa kusancin kauyukan Yudam-ni da Hagaru-ri. Jirgin ya fara nemo wuraren da ake hari a gefen yammacin tafkin, inda ya rage tsayin su zuwa a cikin tsari. Sa'o'i uku da aka gudanar da bincike da lalata aikin, wani yunƙuri ne na binciken ƙarfin sojojin kasar Sin a yankin. Ko, da yake jirgin bai ga wani dan kasar Sin ba, da karfe 14:40 Koenig ya yi wa Brown rediyo da alama yana bin mai Watakila lalacewar ta samo asali ne ta hanyar kananan bindigogi daga sojojin kasar Sin, wadanda aka san su suna buya a cikin dusar ƙanƙara da kuma yi wa jiragen da ke wucewa kwanton bauna ta hanyar harbi da bindiga. Aƙalla harsashi ɗaya ya fashe layin mai. Brown, ya rasa karfin man fetur kuma ya kasa sarrafa jirgin, ya jefar da tankunan man fetur dinsa na waje da rokoki kuma ya yi yunkurin saukar da jirgin a wani wuri mai dusar ƙanƙara a gefen dutse. Brown ya fado a cikin wani kwari mai siffar kwano a kusan, kusa da Somong-ni, a bayan layin Sinanci, kuma a cikin yanayin 15-digiri 10 C). Jirgin ya watse da ƙarfi a kan tasiri kuma ya lalace. A cikin hatsarin, ƙafar Brown ta makale a ƙarƙashin fuselage na Corsair, kuma ya tube kwalkwali da safar hannu a ƙoƙarin 'yantar da kansa, kafin ya yi wa sauran matukan jirgin hannu, waɗanda ke zagawa kusa da sama. Hudner da sauran matukan jirgin sama sun yi tsammanin Brown ya mutu a cikin hatsarin, kuma nan da nan suka fara rediyo na ranar maya ga duk wani jirgin sama mai nauyi a yankin yayin da suke mamaye dutsen don kowane alamar sojojin kasa na kasar Sin na kusa. Sun sami alamar cewa helikwafta mai ceto zai zo da wuri, amma jirgin Brown yana shan taba kuma gobara ta tashi kusa da tankunan mai na ciki. Hudner ya yi ƙoƙari a banza don ceto Brown ta hanyar koyarwa ta rediyo, kafin da gangan ya yi karo da jirginsa, ya gudu zuwa gefen Brown yana ƙoƙarin yin kokawa da shi daga tarkace. Yayin da yanayin Brown ke kara ta'azzara da minti daya, Hudner ya yi yunkurin nutsar da gobarar jirgin cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma ya janye Brown daga cikin jirgin, duk a banza Brown ya fara zamewa a cikin hayyacinsa, amma duk da cewa yana cikin matsanancin zafi, bai yi kuka ga Hudner ba. Wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu ya isa da misalin karfe 15:00, kuma Hudner da matukinsa, Laftanar Charles Ward, sun kasa kashe wutar injin da na’urar kashe gobara. Sun yi ƙoƙari a banza don su 'yantar da Brown da gatari na mintuna 45. Sun yi la'akari a taƙaice, bisa ga buƙatar Brown, yanke ƙafarsa da ta kama. Brown ya rasa hayyacinsa na ƙarshe jim kaɗan bayan haka. Kalmominsa na ƙarshe da aka sani, waɗanda ya gaya wa Hudner, shine "ka faɗa wa Daisy ina sonta." Jirgin mai saukar ungulu, wanda bai iya aiki a cikin duhu ba, an tilasta masa barin da dare tare da Hudner, ya bar Brown a baya. An yi imanin cewa Brown ya mutu jim kadan bayan raunin da ya samu da kuma tsananin sanyi. Babu wani sojan kasar Sin da ya yi barazana ga wurin, watakila saboda yawan iska da matukan VF-32 ke da shi. Hudner ya roki manyan jami'an da su ba shi damar komawa cikin tarkacen jirgin don taimakawa wajen fitar da Brown, amma ba a ba shi damar ba, saboda wasu jami'an sun tsoratar da wani harin kwantar da tarzoma na helikwafta masu rauni wanda ya haifar da ƙarin hasarar rayuka. Domin kare gawar da jirgin sama daga fadawa hannun China ko Koriya ta Arewa, sojojin ruwan Amurka sun yi ruwan bama-bamai da napalm a wurin da jirgin ya fado bayan kwanaki biyu; Ma'aikatan jirgin sun karanta Addu'ar Ubangiji ta rediyo yayin da suke kallon yadda harshen wuta ke cinye jikin Brown. Matukin jirgin sun lura cewa gawarsa ta damu kuma an sace masa tufafi, amma har yanzu yana makale a cikin jirgin. Ba a taɓa gano ragowar Brown da jirgin ba. Brown shine jami'in sojan ruwa na Amurka na farko da aka kashe a yakin. Lamarin da ya faru a ranar 4 ga Disamba ya hana Hudner gida na tsawon wata guda, yayin da ya ji rauni a bayansa a sauka, raunin da ya ce ya ci gaba har tsawon 6.ku 8shekaru. Ya tashi ayyukan yaƙi 27 a lokacin yaƙin, yana aiki a can har zuwa 20 ga Janairu 1951, lokacin da aka juya Leyte, zuwa Tekun Atlantika. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1951, Hudner ya karɓi Medal of Honor daga Shugaba Harry S. Truman, ya sadu da gwauruwar Brown, Daisy Brown, a cikin wannan tsari. Su biyun sun kasance suna tuntuɓar juna na yau da kullun na akalla shekaru 50 bayan wannan taron. Shi ne memba na farko da ya sami lambar yabo a lokacin yakin Koriya, kodayake wasu da yawa za su sami lambar yabo don ayyukan da suka faru kafin 4.Disamba 1950. [lower-alpha 1]
Hudner ya ce lokaci-lokaci ana sukarsa saboda abin da ya aikata, kuma "kusan 90" mutane sun gaya masa cewa ya yi sakaci. Kwamandojinsa sun lura cewa matakin nasa na iya jefa matukin jirgin sama cikin hatsari kuma ya sadaukar da jirgin sama, sukar Hudner daga baya ya ce bai sa ya yi nadamar shawarar da ya yanke ba, domin yana jin hakan wani yunkuri ne na lokaci-lokaci. Duk da haka, daga baya kwamandojin sun ba da umarnin hana matukan jirgi sauka a irin wannan hanya don kokarin ceton ’yan bindiga da suka fadi. A cikin tunani daga baya, Hudner ya nuna bai dauki kansa a matsayin jarumi ba saboda ayyukansa.
Daga baya aikin Navy Bayan samun lambar yabo ta girmamawa, an mayar da Hudner zuwa Amurka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da jirgin sama a tashar jirgin ruwa na Naval Air Corpus Christi a Texas, a 1952 da 1953. Bayan haka, ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci na Kamfanin Carrier Division 3, wanda a lokacin yana cikin Task Force 77 kuma yana aiki a kusa da Japan, a 1953 da 1954. A cikin 1955 da 1956, ya yi aiki a Squadron Development Squadron 3 a tashar jiragen ruwa na Naval Air Atlantic City a New Jersey, inda ya tashi da jirage masu tasowa da na gwaji. A wannan lokacin, an horar da shi a kan jirgin sama mai amfani da injin jet Tun daga watan Oktoba na 1957, Hudner ya yi aiki a cikin shirin musaya tare da Sojan Sama na Amurka, yana tashi tsawon shekaru biyu tare da Squadron na Fighter-Interceptor na 60 a Otis Air Force Base a Barnstable County, Massachusetts A lokacin wannan aikin, ya tashi F-94 Starfire da F-101 Voodoo Daga nan sai aka kara masa girma zuwa kwamanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Babban Hafsan Sojan Ruwa har zuwa 1962, lokacin da ya halarci Kwalejin Yakin Sojan Sama a sansanin sojojin sama na Maxwell a Montgomery, Alabama Bayan kammala karatunsa a watan Yuli 1963, ya koma aikin tashi sama kuma aka nada shi babban jami'in Fighter Squadron 53, ya tashi da F-8E Crusader a cikin USS Ticonderoga Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa, Hudner ya zama kwamandan VF-53. Bayan wannan aikin, an mayar da shi matsayi a matsayin Jami'in Horar da Jagoranci a ofishin Kwamanda, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, a Tashar Jirgin Ruwa ta Naval Air Island a Coronado, California An, kara Hudner mukamin kyaftin a cikin 1965, yana karbar umarni na Training Squadron 24 a Filin Jirgin Sama na Naval Air Chase Field a gundumar Bee, Texas, wanda ya ba da umarni a 1965 da 1966. A 1966 ya aka sanya zuwa USS Kitty Hawk, na farko a matsayin mai kewayawa, sannan a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa na jirgin. Kitty Hawk ya tura a bakin tekun Kudancin Vietnam a cikin 1966 da 1967, yana ƙaddamar da ayyuka don tallafawa Yaƙin Vietnam, kuma ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin yayin wannan balaguron amma bai ga yaƙi ba kuma bai tashi da kansa ba. A cikin 1968, an sanya shi a matsayin jami'in gudanarwa na sashin ayyukan ayyukan jiragen sama na kudu maso gabashin Asiya na sojojin ruwa na Amurka. A wannan shekarar, ya auri Georgea Smith, wata gwauruwa mai 'ya'ya uku, wadda ya hadu da ita a San Diego. Su biyun suna da ɗa daya tare, Thomas Jerome Hudner III, an haife shi a 1971. Hudner's karshe Navy posting shine shugaban Horar da Fasahar Jirgin Sama a Ofishin Babban Hafsan Sojan Ruwa a Washington, DC, post wanda ya rike. har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a watan Fabrairun 1973. A ranar 17 ga Fabrairun 1973, kwanaki kafin Hudner ya yi ritaya, sojojin ruwa sun ba da umarnin Knox -class. jirgin USS Jesse L. Brown, jirgin ruwa na uku na Amurka da aka sanya sunansa don girmama Ba’amurke Ba’amurke. Wadanda suka halarta a bikin ba da izini a Boston, Massachusetts, sune Daisy Brown Thorne, wanda ya sake yin aure, 'yarta Pamela Brown, da Hudner, waɗanda suka ba da sadaukarwa. An kori jirgin a ranar 27 ga Yuli 1994 kuma an sayar da shi zuwa Masar Daga baya rai da mutuwa Bayan' ya yi ritaya, Hudner ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan gudanarwa, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki tare da Ƙungiyoyin Sabis na United Saboda lambar yabo da ya samu, ya yi aiki akai-akai tare da kungiyoyin tsoffin sojoji a lokacin da ya yi ritaya a matsayin jagora a cikin al'ummar tsoffin sojoji, in ba haka ba yana rayuwa cikin nutsuwa. Daga 1991 zuwa 1999, ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Sashen Massachusetts na Sabis na Tsohon soji, har sai da ya bar wannan mukamin ga Thomas G. Kelley, wani mai karɓar Medal of Honor. Ya samu karramawa da dama a rayuwarsa ta baya. A cikin 1989, Shirin Gathering of Eagles na Rundunar Sojan Sama ya karrama shi a sansanin sojojin saman Maxwell. A cikin 2001, Hudner ya gabatar da Daisy Brown Thorne tare da yawancin lambobin yabo na Jesse Brown a Jami'ar Jihar Mississippi A cikin Mayu 2012, Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a sanya wa wani mai lalata makami mai linzami na Arleigh Burke -class mai suna USS Thomas Hudner An yi baftisma jirgin a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2017, tare da Hudner a wurin, kuma an ba da izini a Boston a kan 1 Disamba 2018. Bayan 1991, Hudner ya zauna a Concord, Massachusetts, tare da matarsa, Georgea. A cikin Yuli 2013, ya ziyarci Pyongyang, Koriya ta Arewa, a wani yunƙuri na maido gawar Jesse Brown daga wurin da jirgin ya fado. Hukumomin Koriya ta Arewa sun gaya masa cewa ya dawo a watan Satumba lokacin da yanayi zai fi iya hangowa. Tarihin Hudner na hukuma- Ibada: Babban Labari na Jarumi, Abota, da Sadaukarwa an sake shi a watan Oktoba 2015, bayan shekaru bakwai na haɗin gwiwa tare da marubuci Adam Makos. Hudner ya mutu a gidansa a Concord, Massachusetts, a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017, yana da shekaru 93. An tsare shi a makabartar Arlington ta kasa a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2018, a wani bikin da Janar Joseph Dunford, Shugaban Hafsan Hafsoshin Soja ya halarta. An nuna Hudner a cikin fim ɗin 2022 Devotion ta Glen Powell Kyauta da kayan ado
Medal of Honor ambato Hudner yana daya daga cikin maza 11 da aka baiwa lambar yabo a lokacin yakin Chosin Reservoir. Shi ne na farko a cikin bakwai na sojojin ruwa na Amurka, kuma shi ne kawai jirgin ruwa na ruwa, da aka ba shi Medal of Honor a yakin Koriya.
A cikin fim da adabi Fim: Ibada (2022)
Littafi: Ibada: Babban Labari na Jarumi, Abota, da Hadaya (2015) Jerin sunayen wadanda suka samu lambar yabo na Yakin Koriya
ambato
Bayanan kula
manazarta
Sources This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History. Thomas Hudner discusses his Medal of Honor action. on YouTube
Historic footage of Thomas Hudner receiving Medal of Honor from President Harry Truman.
Interview at the Pritzker Military Museum Library
Arlington National Cemetery Tsoffin sujojin |
26352 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taken%20%C6%98asar%20Africa%20ta%20Kudu | Taken Ƙasar Africa ta Kudu | An karɓi Taken Ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekara ta 1997 kuma waƙar matasan ce ta haɗa sabon Ingilishi tare da ƙarin waƙar ƙarni na 19 Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika English: lit. Ubangiji ya albarkaci Afirka da waƙar Afirkaans Die Stem van Suid-Afrika English: wanda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin taken ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata Kwamitin da ke da alhakin wannan sabon abun ciki ya haɗa da Anna Bender, Elize Botha, Richard Cock, Dolf Havemann (Sakatare), Mzilikazi Khumalo (Shugaban), Masizi Kunene, John Lenake, Fatima Meer, Khabi Mngoma, Wally Serote, Johan de Villiers, da Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph Sau da yawa ana ambaton taken ta hanyar Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika amma wannan bai taɓa zama taken ta ba, wanda Kuma kawai shine "Waƙar Ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu".
Tsari Waƙoƙin suna amfani da harsuna biyar da aka fi amfani da su a cikin yarukan hukuma na goma sha ɗaya na Afirka ta Kudu Xhosa (stanza na farko, layi biyu na farko), Zulu (sahu na farko, layuka biyu na ƙarshe), Sesotho (stanza na biyu), Afrikaans (sahu na uku), da Ingilishi (saƙo na ƙarshe). Ana rera waƙoƙin a cikin waɗannan yarukan ba tare da la'akari da yaren mawaƙin ba. Mzilikazi Khumalo ne ya shirya rabi na farko kuma Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph ne ya shirya rabin waƙar, wanda shi ma ya rubuta aya ta ƙarshe. Kasancewar yana canzawa yana canzawa kuma yana ƙarewa a cikin maɓalli daban (daga G manyan zuwa D manyan fasalin da yake rabawa tare da waƙoƙin ƙasa na Italiyanci da na Philippine ya sa ya zama sabon abu.
Tarihi Daga ƙarshen shekara ta 1940 zuwa farkon shekara ta 1990s, Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance ƙarƙashin tsarin da aka sani da wariyar launin fata, tsarin da aka la'ane shi na rarrabuwa da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya ginu akan fifikon farar fata da danniya mafi rinjayen baƙi don fa'idar siyasa da rinjaye Afrikaner tsiraru da sauran fararen fata. A cikin wannan lokacin, taken Afirka ta Kudu shine Die Stem van Suid-Afrika wanda kuma aka sani da "Die Stem", waƙar yaren Afirkaans wanda ya ba da tarihin Voortrekkers da Babban Tafiya "Die Stem" waka ce da CJ Langenhoven ya rubuta a shekara ta 1918 kuma Marthinus Lourens de Villiers ya saita ta zuwa kiɗa a shekara ta 1921. "Die Stem" English: Ya co-kasa take da Allah Ajiye The King Allah Ajiye A Sarauniya tsakanin shekara ta 1938 da kuma shekara ta 1957, lokacin da ta zama tafin take kasar har zuwa shekara ta 1994. "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika". Ba kasafai ake rera ta gaba ɗaya ba, yawanci, stanza na farko shine wanda aka fi sani kuma aka rera shi wani lokacin wanda stanza na ƙarshe ke bi.
Lokacin da wariyar launin fata ya kawo karshe a farkon shekara ta 1990, an sanya alamar tambaya game da makomar "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika". A ƙarshe an riƙe shi azaman taken ƙasa, kodayake Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika waƙar yaren Xhosa wanda ƙungiyar masu adawa da wariyar launin fata ta yi amfani da ita, ita ma an gabatar da ita kuma an karɓe ta a matsayin taken ƙasa na biyu na daidai daidai. "Nkosi Sikelel'Afrika" wani malamin makarantar Methodist ne mai suna Enoch Sontonga ya kirkiro shi a cikin shekara ta 1897. An fara rera ta a matsayin waƙar waƙar coci amma daga baya ta zama aikin bijirewa siyasa akan mulkin wariyar launin fata Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta karbi waƙoƙin duka biyu a matsayin waƙoƙin ƙasashe biyu a shekara ta 1994, lokacin da aka rera su a lokacin bikin Nelson Mandela Don Gasar Cin Kofin Rugby ta 1995, Morné du Plessis ya ba da shawarar cewa Springboks su koyi duk kalmomin "Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika", da "sun yi hakan da matuƙar jin daɗi", a cewar malamin su Anne Munnik.
Farawa Aikin yin waƙoƙin ƙasa guda biyu ya tabbatar da zama tsari mai ban tsoro kamar yadda yin su biyun ya ɗauki kamar minti biyar. An gyara wannan lokacin da aka haɗo waƙoƙin ƙasashe biyu na Afirka ta Kudu cikin gajerun sifofi a farkon 1997 don ƙirƙirar taken ƙasa na yanzu. An yi sabon waƙar ƙasar a buɗe majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a watan Fabrairu 1997, kuma an buga shi a cikin Gazette na Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1997. A lokacin da ake tsara sabuwar waka ta kasa, shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Nelson Mandela ya bukaci kada ya wuce tsawon minti 1 da dakika 48 (wanda shi ne matsakaicin tsawon sauran wakokin kasashen da ake amfani da su don nuni). Sabbin kalmomin Ingilishi an daidaita su daga layuka huɗu na ƙarshe na sahun farko na "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" English: tare da canje-canjen da aka yi don nuna bege a cikin al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launin fata.
An canza layukan da aka aro daga waƙoƙin ƙasa guda biyu da suka gabata don su zama masu haɗawa, tare da barin ambaton kai tsaye ga takamaiman ƙungiyoyin yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Don haka, layuka daga farkon waƙar wariyar launin fata ta zamanin da ke nuni da Babban Trek na Voortrekkers an cire su, saboda "wannan ita ce ƙwarewar sashi ɗaya kawai na" jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu. Hakanan, kalmomin "Woza Moya", waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a "Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika" suma an cire su, saboda kalmar ita ce nassi na Kiristanci na musamman, maimakon na addini gaba ɗaya, don haka ba abin karɓa ba ne ga' yan Afirka ta Kudu na sauran addinai, musamman Musulmin Afirka ta Kudu. An kuma ƙara sabon aya da aka samu a cikin waƙar ba. Sigar Ingilishi ta "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" ba ta yi fice ba fiye da na Afirkaans kuma don haka za a iya canza shi da ɗan ƙin yarda ko jayayya. Don haka, ɓangaren Ingilishi na sabon taken ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu shine wanda aka canza kalmomin sa daga sigar da ta gabata.
Masu suka A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an soki taken ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu saboda baitin Afirkaans kamar yadda asalinsa ya kasance cikin waƙar ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu da aka yi amfani da ita a zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata, tare da wasu irin su Yancin Tattalin Arzikin Tattalin Arziki suna kira ga ayar da za a cire, wai saboda wannan haɗin. Wasu kuma suna kare shigar da ayar, suna mai nuni da cewa an saka ta cikin babban rabo saboda burin shugaban Afirka ta Kudu na farko bayan wariyar launin fata, Nelson Mandela, wanda ya yi niyyar shigar da ita a matsayin matakin sake yin sulhu ga makomar bayan wariyar launin fata. na Afirka ta Kudu.
Duba kuma Waƙar ƙasa ta Tanzaniya
Waƙar ƙasa ta Zambia
Waƙar ƙasa ta Transvaal
Waƙar ƙasa ta Jihar Orange Free State
Jerin waƙoƙin ƙasa
Manazarta
Hanyoyin waje Kayan aikin Waƙar Ƙasa
Waƙar Ƙasa
Waƙar Ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu Yawo mai sauti, waƙoƙi da bayanai
Rikodin sauti na Anthem na ƙasa (kayan aiki kawai, fayil na MP3)
Taƙaitaccen gabatarwa ga waƙa da sanarwa
Waƙar ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin tsarin MIDI
Waƙar ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin tsarin MP3
Wakokin Def Jam
Take
Taken Najeriya
Taken Nijar
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20780 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombino%20%28mawa%C6%99i%29 | Bombino (mawaƙi) | Omara "Bombino" Moctar (a cikin Tifinagh an haife shi a shekara ta 1980) ɗan asalin Abzinawan Neja ne mai rera waƙoƙi da kuma kiɗa. Ana rera waƙarsa a cikin Tamasheq kuma galibi ana magance damuwar siyasa a Turag. Hakanan shine babban memba na Rukunin Bombino Bombino batun fim ne na Agadez, Kida da Tawaye.
Tarihin rayuwa
Matasa da farkon kiɗa Bombino an haife shi ne a shekarar 1980) a Tidene, Nijar, sansanin Abzinawa kimanin kilomita( 80 arewa maso gabashin Agadez Shi dan ƙabilar Ifoghas ne, wanda yake na tarayyar Kel Air Abzinawa. Bayan barkewar tawayen Buzaye a shekara ta (1990), Bombino, tare da mahaifinsa da kakarsa, an tilasta su gudu zuwa makwabciya Algeria don aminci. A wannan lokacin, ziyartar dangi sun bar guitar, Bombino ya fara koya wa kansa yadda ake wasa. Daga baya ya yi karatu tare da shahararren makaɗa jita Abzinawa, Haja Bebe. Bebe ya nemi shi da ya shiga kungiyar sa inda ya sami lakabin "Bombino", wanda aka samo shi daga kalmar Italia "bambino", ma'ana 'karamin yaro'. Yayin da suke zaune a Aljeriya da Libya a shekarun samartakarsa, Bombino da abokansa sun kalli bidiyon Jimi Hendrix, Mark Knopfler da sauransu don koyon salonsu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa da makiyayi a cikin hamada kusa da Tripoli. Zuwa shekara ta( 1997), Bombino ya koma Agadez kuma ya fara rayuwa a matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙa.
Rikodi da rikici a Nijar Mai shirya fina-finai Hisham Mayet ya yi nasarar bin diddigin Bombino da rukunin sa na ƙungiyar lantarki Bombino a cikin 2007 yayin wani bikin aure. Ana iya jin waɗannan rikodin, tare da wasan kwaikwayon wakoki da yawa a cikin salon 'bushewar jita
a kan fitowar madaidaiciyar Mitar '2009, Rukunin Bombino Guitars daga Agadez, juzu'i. 2 Daga baya a cikin 2007, rikice-rikice sun sake kunno kai a Nijar kuma daga ƙarshe ya rikide zuwa wani Tawayen Abzinawa Gwamnati, da fatan dakile tawayen ta kowane fanni, ta hana guitar ta Abzinawa, saboda ana ganin kayan aikin wata alama ce ta tawaye. Bombino ya yi tsokaci a wata hira da aka yi da shi, "Ban gjiua tata a matsayin bindiga ba sai dai kamar guduma wacce da ita za a taimaka wajen gina gidan Abzinawa." Bugu da kari, an kashe wasu abokan waka Bombino biyu, wanda hakan ya tilasta shi yin gudun hijira a makwabciyar Burkina Faso Ayyukan duniya, da komawa gida Daga nan Bombino ya shiga Tidawt, ƙungiyar mawaƙi Hasso Akotey ta ƙasar Nijar, wanda hakan ya haifar da karon farko a Arewacin Amurka yayin da aka kawo makada don nunawa a fasahar fasahar Abzinawa wacce Cantor Center for Visual Arts ta shirya Yayin da yake wurin, saxophonist Tim Ries ya gayyace Tidawt a cikin sabon kundin wakokinsa na The Rolling Stones versions, Stone's World: The Rolling Stones Project Volume 2, inda suka yi wasa a cikin murfin Hey Negrita wanda kuma ya ƙunshi mambobin ƙungiyar Keith Richards da Charlie Watts Daga baya Bombino ya ce bai taba jin labarin Rolling Stones ba, ganin cewa mawakan farin dutse ba su da karfi a Afirka. A watan Janairun 2010, Bombino ya sami damar komawa gidansa a Agadez Don murnar kawo ƙarshen rikicin, an shirya wani babban taron kade kade a masalacin babban masallacin Agadez, bayan samun alfarmar Sarkin Musulmi Bombino da tawagarsa sun yi wa mutane sama da dubu wasa a waƙar, duk suna rawa kuma suna murnar ƙarshen gwagwarmayar su. Hakanan an yi rikodin bidiyon don shirin fim, Agadez, Kida da Tawaye Yayin da Bombino ke zaman gudun hijira a Burkina Faso, mai shirya fim Ron Wyman, da jin kaset na kaset ɗin sa, sai ya yanke shawarar bin sahun sa. Wyman ya ƙarfafa Bombino don yin rikodin kiɗan sa da kyau. Bombino ya yarda, kuma su biyun, tare da taimakon Chris Decato, sun samar da faifai tare a cikin Agadez Rikodin sun ƙare a cikin faifan sa Agadez, wanda aka fitar a watan Afrilu 2011. Agadez ya fara aiki ne a saman Shafin Duniyar iTunes. Nasarar Agadez ta jawo hankalin taurarin kiɗa da yawa zuwa Bombino gami da Dan Auerbach na ƙananan Maɓallan A watan Yunin 2012, Auerbach ya fara samar da kundi na biyu na Bombino na kasa da kasa mai taken Nomad Nonesuch Records ne ya saki Nomad a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2013 kuma ya fara aiki a lamba ta daya a kan iTunes World Chart da Billboard World Chart. A halin yanzu, yaƙi ya sake ɓarkewa a ƙasar ta Mali, kuma bayan ‘yan watanni bayan haka Bombino da Tinariwen sun yi wani wasan kwaikwayo a Paris, inda suka tabbatar da ra’ayin kidan nasu a matsayin na tawaye da gaske. Bombino ya fara rangadi a Amurka a watan Mayu 2013. Yawon shakatawa ya hada da bayyana a manyan bukukuwan kiɗa, ciki har da Bonnaroo da bikin The Newport Folk Festival A cikin 2013, an kuma gayyaci Bombino don buɗe wa Robert Plant, Amadou & Mariam da Gogol Bordello A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2016, Bombino ya saki Azel Wanda David Longstreth na Dirty Projectors ya kirkira, kundin ya kawo jita na Bombino yana wasa a gaba yayin da yake kasancewa mai gaskiya ga ƙauyukan sahara yayin da yake waƙa a cikin yaren mahaifinsa na Tamasheq. Pitchfork's Andy Beta ya lura sosai musamman cewa rikodin "yana ba da cikakkiyar maimaitawar ƙyamar shuɗi wanda yake ingantacce kuma mai buri." Don kundin faifan sauti na shida, Deran, Bombino da aka rubuta a Casablanca a Studio HIBA, gidan dautkar hoto mallakar sarkin Morocco. A watan Mayu 2018, gabanin fitowar kundin, bulogin kiɗan, Noisey, ya kira Bombino "'san wasan Jita na Bayan haka, ranar da aka saki Deran, Bombino ya yi masa lakabi da "Sarkin Shred" ta New York Times, wani laƙabi wanda daga nan kafofin watsa labarai da yawa suka karɓe shi. Deran an sake shi bisa hukuma a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2018, kuma an karbe shi tare da yaɗawa don yabo ga duka kidan sa da kuma karɓar al'adu da al'adun gargajiya. Jason Heller na NPR ya rubuta cewa wasan kwaikwayon Bombino akan kundin "yayi magana kuma yana numfashi cikin ƙarni da yawa." An zabi Deran a cikin rukunin Mafi Kyawun Kundin Kwallan Duniya a lambar yabo ta Grammy ta 61 na Shekaru. Bombino shine dan wasan Nijar na farko da aka zaba don kyautar Grammy.
Kaɗe-kaɗe 2009 Rukunin Bombino Guita daga Agadez, juzu'i. 2 laukaka Frequencies 2010 Agamgam 2004 (Reaktion)
2011 Agadez Cumbancha 2013 Nomad Nonesuch 2016 Azel Partisan 2017 La Sombra ta Mazaunin (baƙon aiki) 2018 Deran Partisan 2020 Rayuwa A Amsterdam Partisan Manazarta Yanar gizon Bombino
Bombino akan Cumbancha
Agadez, gidan yanar gizo na Kiɗa da Tawaye
Mawaƙan Nijar
Mutanen Nijar
Mutanen Afirka
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58718 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Ajayi%20Crowther | Samuel Ajayi Crowther | Samuel Crowther 31 Disamba 1891),masanin harsunan Yarbawa ne,limami,kuma bishop na Anglican na farko na Afirka ta Yamma.An haife shi a Osogun(a yanzu Ado-Awaye,Jihar Oyo,Najeriya),shi da iyalinsa barayin bauta sun kama shi yana dan shekara goma sha biyu.Wannan ya faru ne a lokacin yakin basasar Yarabawa,musamman yakin Owu na 1821-1829,inda aka yi wa kauyensa Osogun hari.Daga baya aka sake siyar da Ajayi ga dillalan bayi na Portugal,inda aka saka shi a cikin jirgin don a kai shi Sabuwar Duniya ta Tekun Atlantika.
Rundunar Sojin Ruwa ta Yammacin Afirka ta Squadron ta kubutar da Crowther daga bauta a wata tashar ruwa da ke bakin teku,wanda ke tilasta wa Burtaniya takunkumi kan cinikin bayi na Atlantic.An sake tsugunar da mutanen da aka 'yantar a Saliyo.A Saliyo,Ajayi ya karɓi sunan Ingilishi na Samuel Crowther,kuma ya fara karatunsa da Ingilishi.Ya karɓi addinin Kiristanci kuma ya danganta shi da ƙabilar Krio da ke hawan Saliyo a lokacin.Ya karanci harsuna kuma an nada shi minista a Ingila,inda daga baya ya sami digiri na uku a jami'ar Oxford.Ya shirya nahawun Yarbanci da fassarar Littafin Anglican na Addu'a gama gari zuwa Yarabanci,kuma yana aiki a kan fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki na Yarbanci,da kuma sauran ayyukan harshe.
Tarihin Rayuwa Wani jikan Sarki Abiodun, ta hannun mahaifiyarsa,Afala,Ajayi yana da kimanin shekara 12 a duniya lokacin da Fulani masu kai hari suka kama shi da iyalinsa,tare da daukacin kauyensa,a hannun wasu bayin Allah a watan Maris 1821 kuma suka sayar wa 'yan kasuwar bayi na kasar Portugal .Mahaifiyarsa Afala,wadda daga baya ta yi baftisma da sunan Hannatu,da ƙanensa,da sauran danginsa suna cikin waɗanda aka kama.Wataƙila an kashe mahaifinsa Ayemi a harin da aka kai ƙauyensa ko kuma jim kaɗan bayan haka.
Birtaniya ta haramta cinikin bayin Atlantika a shekara ta 1807 kuma sun yi amfani da sojojin ruwansu wajen sintiri a gabar tekun Afirka.A wannan lokacin, Spain da Portugal har yanzu sun yarda da cinikin bayi na Atlantic a yankunansu na Amurka.Kafin jirgin bawa ya bar tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa Amurka, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Royal Navy na Burtaniya ne suka hau shi karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Henry Leeke.Sun 'yantar da mutanen da aka kama kuma suka tafi da Ajayi da iyalinsa zuwa Freetown,Saliyo,inda hukumomin yankin suka sake tsugunar da su.
Sa’ad da yake Saliyo,Crowther ya sami kulawa daga Ƙungiyar Mishan na Cocin Anglican (CMS) kuma an koyar da shi Turanci.Saboda kyawawan halayensa na ilimi, Ajayi ya kai shi makaranta,kuma cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan,ya sami damar karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki cikin sauƙi.Ya koma Kiristanci.A ranar 11 ga Disamba 1825 John Raban ya yi masa baftisma,yana mai suna Samuel Crowther,mataimakin Cocin Christ,Newgate,London,kuma ɗaya daga cikin majagaba na CMS.
Yayin da yake Freetown,Crowther ya zama mai sha'awar harsuna. A cikin 1826 an kai shi Ingila don halartar makarantar St Mary's Church a Islington,wacce ta kafa alaƙa da 'yan Afirka masu 'yanci a ƙarni na 18.Ya koma Freetown a 1827.Shi ne ɗalibi na farko da aka shigar da shi a sabuwar Kwalejin Fourah Bay da aka buɗe,makarantar mishan na Anglican.Saboda sha'awar harshe,ya yi karatun Latin da Girkanci na tsarin karatun gargajiya,amma kuma Temne na Afirka ta Yamma.Bayan ya kammala karatunsa,Crowther ya fara koyarwa a makarantar.
Tafiya ta mishan ta Crowther zuwa ƙasar Yarbawa Najeriya ta yau)ta fara a 1841.Ya wakilci sashin mishan na Balaguron Neja,tare da Rev.JF Schon .An nada Crowther a matsayin firist kuma an zaɓi shi don aikin CMS a cikin aikin Yarbawa a ziyararsa ta biyu zuwa Ingila a 1843,bayan ƙwaƙƙwaran bayanin balaguron da kuma halayen da ba safai ya nuna ba.A cikin 1846,Crowther da Rev.Townsend ya bude aikin CMS a Abeokuta.A lokacin balaguron Neja a shekarar 1854,Crowther ya taka rawa wajen kafa mishan a Nijar.
Aure da iyali Crowther ya auri wata yar makaranta,Asano (watau Hassana; ta kasance musulma),ta yi wa Susan baftisma.An kuma 'yantar da ita daga jirgin bawa na Portugal kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin wasiƙar Crowther ta 1837.Ya rubuta cewa: Jirgin Mai Martaba Mai Martaba Bann,Kyaftin Charles Phillips,ya kama ta a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 1822." Saboda haka Asano yana cikin wadanda aka sake tsugunar da su a Saliyo.Ta kuma koma Kiristanci.'Ya'yansu da yawa sun hada da Dandeson Coates Crowther,wanda daga baya ya shiga hidima kuma a cikin 1891 ya zama babban diyakon Neja Delta. 'Yar su ta biyu, Abigail,ta auri Thomas Babington Macaulay,ƙaramin abokin tarayya. Dan su kuma jikan Crowther,Herbert Macaulay,ya zama daya daga cikin masu kishin kasa na Najeriya na farko.
Manufar An zaɓi Crowther don ya raka James Schön ɗan mishan a balaguron Nijar na 1841 .Tare da Schön,ana sa ran zai koyi Hausa don amfani da shi wajen balaguro.Manufarta ita ce ta ƙarfafa kasuwanci,koyar da dabarun noma,ƙarfafa Kiristanci,da kuma taimakawa wajen kawo ƙarshen cinikin bayi.Bayan balaguron,an sake kiran Crowther zuwa Ingila,inda aka horar da shi a matsayin minista kuma Bishop na London ya nada shi.Schön ya rubuta wa Ƙungiyar Mishan ta Ikilisiya yana lura da amfani da ikon Crowther akan balaguron,yana ba da shawarar cewa ya kasance cikin shiri don naɗa Crowther ya koma Afirka a cikin 1843 kuma,tare da Henry Townsend,ya buɗe wata manufa a Abeokuta,a jihar Ogun ta Najeriya a yau.
Crowther ya fara fassara Littafi Mai Tsarki zuwa Yarabanci kuma ya haɗa ƙamus na Yarbanci. A cikin 1843,an buga littafinsa na nahawu,wanda ya fara aiki a kansa lokacin balaguron Nijar.Harshen Yarbanci na Littafin Anglican na Addu'a gama gari ya biyo baya.Crowther kuma ya tattara ƙamus na harshen Yarbanci,gami da adadin karin magana na cikin gida,wanda aka buga a London a cikin 1852.
Ya kuma fara tsara wasu harsuna.Bayan balaguron Neja na Biritaniya na 1854 da 1857, Crowther,wanda wani matashin ɗan Igbo mai fassara mai suna Simon Jonas ya taimaka,ya samar da jigon harshen Igbo a 1857.Ya buga ɗaya don harshen Nupe a 1860,da cikakken nahawu da ƙamus na Nupe a 1864.
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14016 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majalisar%20Malaman%20Afrika | Majalisar Malaman Afrika | Majalisar Malaman Afrika majalissar malamai ce dake nahiyar Afirka a kudancin sahara.
Asali
Tunanin kafa wannan Majalisa ta malaman Afrika, wadda take kudancin sahara,duk lokacin da aka haɗu a wuraren taruka da sauran hidimomi, irin wadanda malaman Afrika kan halarta tare da bayar da tasu gudunmawa. Sawa’un waxannan taruka, irin waxanda ake shiryawa ne tare da kuma gudanarwa a cikin wannan yanki na Afrika ko a wajensa. Kai har aka wayi gari wannan tunani ya zama wani abin tattaunawa da tsokaci a tsakanin malaman wannan nahiya, ta hanyar musayar saqonni irin na kar-ta-kwana ta hanyar kafafen sadarwa na zamani. A haka kuma har aka gamsu da cewa, lokaci fa ya yi, wanda kuma ya kamata a cikinsa, a fito da wannan tunani a fili kuma a aikace. Musamman, saboda ganin irin yadda sabbin abubuwa da dama, suke ta kara faruwa kuma a cikin gaggawa a duniyarmu ta yau, mai cike da qungiyoyi da majalisu barkatai, farare da baqaqe.
Abin da yake tafe a cikin wannan takarda, wani xan taqaitaccen tarihi ne na wannan Majalisa, da irin yadda aka shimfixa tare da kafa ta tun farko har zuwa yau..
Manufa
An yi tunanin kafa wannan Majalisa ne a kan tunani, da manufar ta zama wani qasaitaccen zaure ga malaman wannan yanki na duniyar Afirka da ke kudancin sahara, wanda zai zama wata makoma ta ilimi da neman fatawa, tare da yin gagarumin tasiri a tsakanin gaba dayan al’umomin Afrika. Wata manufar kuma ita ce, inganta matsayi da irin gudunmawar da malamai masu wa’azi suke bayarwa, a wayi gari sun zama jagoran rayuwa ga gaba dayan al’umomi da ma qabilu da suke rayuwa a wannan yanki, ta hanyar samarwa fatawa cikakken tsari da kangado. Burin wannan Majalisa ne, ta riqa tsoma baki a cikin al’amurra da matsalolin rayuwar jama’ar wannan yanki, ta gaba daya. Sa’annan kuma ta zama ita ce ke magana da yawun bakin musulman wannan yanki na Afrika,dama daukacin tarukan cikin gida, da na waje, da ma matakin duniya baki daya.
Quduri
Babban qudurin wannan Majalisa shi ne, samar da wata makoma ta ilimi irin na Shari’ar Musulunci, wanda zai zama sanadi kuma ginshiqin daukaka da cigaba da bunqasar al’ummar musulmi da suke cikin wannan yanki na Afrika.
Nauyi
Babban nauyin da yake kan wannan Majalisa shi ne rayawa, ingantawa tare da fitowa da qoqarce-qoqarcen malaman nahiyar Afrika, da haxa kansu a matsayin tsintsiya madaurinki daya, domin hakan ya ba su cikakkar damar jagorancin al’umominsu a bisa ingantaccen tafarki Addinin Musulunci.
Dalilan Massasa Majalisar
Akwai manyan dalilai, da suka haifar da tunanin kafa wannan majalisa, da suka haɗa da;
Rashin wani zaure qwara daya, da ake da shi a wannan nahiya, a matsayin makoma da musulmin Afrika a cikin al’amurra na ilimi.
Rashin sauti daya, da yake wakiltar gaba dayan Al’umman musulmin wannan nahiya, idan ana zancen manyan matsaloli, da suka shafe su a matsayin al’umma.
Yawaitar matsaloli da tashe-tashen hankula, da sauran nau’ukan gwagwarmayoyin rayuwa, wadanda musulmi suke cikinsu tsundum.
Warwatsewar qoqarce-qoqarcen malaman da’awa, da rashin hadin kan da yake tsakaninsu.
Rashin isasshen ilimi da zai bayar da damar bayar da ingantattun fatawoyi.
Manyan Dokokin Gudanarwa
Manyan dokokin gudanar da wannan Majalisa a matsayin siyasar tafiyarwa, sun hada da:
Aiki da Alqur’ani da Sunna bisa fahimtar magabatan farko shiryayyu, bisa aqida matsakaiciya, wadda babu zurfafawa ko kasawa a cikin ta.
Kula da gaba dayan yankunan wannan nahiya ta Afirka komai nisan su, ta bangaren kafawa da gudanarwa, tare da samar da wakilci na haqiqa daga kowane yanki na nahiyar.
Gudanar da ayyukan Majalisa bisa tsari na cikakken gashin kai, tare da nisantar karbar umarni daga kowace irin kasa ko kungiya.
Kulla kyakkyawan zumunci da gaba dayan al’umomin nahiyar Afirka, ta hanyar alkinta matsayin wakilansu, tare da shirya taruka a kasashe da garuruwansu, wadanda suke dauke da sako mai ma’ana da manufa da kamanni iri daya.
Amfani da kwararru a fagen ilimi da aiki, domin daukar matakai da yanke shawarwari, da bayyana fahimta da ra’ayoyi.
Dogara a kan hanyoyi da dabaru irin na hikima da fasaha a fagen ilimi, domin mu’amala da wasu qungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da ma’aikatun Gwamnati, da sauran vangaroran al’umma, wadanda ba fahimtarmu daya ba, da su.
Yin cikakken amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da kafofinta, na zamani a fagen yadawa da isar da saqonnin Majalisar a fadin nahiyar ta Afrika.
Majalisar kuma, za ta bude kofofinta ga maza da mata, da suke son yin aiki tare da ita, amma, bisa sharudda da qa’idoji irin na Shari’ah.
Gurace-gurace
Gurace-guracen wannan Majalisa sun hada da:
Samar da wata makoma ta ilimi da da’awa, wadda za ta riga daidaitawa da kuma tsara yadda ya kamata qoqarce-qoqarcen malamai, na ilimi da da’awa, su gudana a wannan nahiya ta Afrika.
Samar da qasaitacciyar makoma ta Musulunci, wadda za ta riqa magana da yawun musulmin nahiyar Afrika, a duk lokacin da aka hadu da qungiyoyi da ma’aikatu na ilimi da jami’an gwamnatocin qasashe da kuma na qasa da qasa.
Bayar da gudunmawa tare da raya qoqarce-qoqarcen da malamai suke yi na karantarwa da ilmantarwa ga al’umomin wannan nahiya ta Afrika.
Karfe kakakin fatawa daga hannun wadanda ba su cancanta ba, musamman a cikin manyan al’amurra da suka shafi gaba daya al’ummar nahiyar Afrika.
Samarwa tare da inganta zaman lafiya tsakanin manya da qananan al’umomin nahiyar Afrika.
Samarwa tare da bude kafafen sadarwa domin hulda da wasu Majalisu da qungiyoyi na Musulunci masu irin wannan hidima da kula da al’amurran al’ummar musulmi. 'Hanyoyi
Domin tabbatar da cin nasarar gudanar da wasu gurace-gurace, wannan Majalisa za ta bi hanyoyi kamar haka: Shirya yadda al’amurran ilimi da da’awa da tarbiyya za su riqa gudana a wannan nahiya ta Afrika.
Kafa wuraren gudanar da hidimomi irin na ilimi da da’awa da tarbiyya, da kuma kula da su.
Bunqasawa da qarfafa qungiyoyi da cibiyoyin harkokin Musulunci na cikin gida da qananan yankuna.
Bugawa tare da watsa bayanai a kan manyan al’amurran da suka shafi al’umma, ta hanyar kafafen sadarwa.
Gabatar da nasihohi da gargadi da luraswa ga dukan bangarorin da suke bukata.
Yin tsaye tsayin daka a kan ganin an warware rikittan da suka shafi musulmin wannan nahiya.
Bayar da fatawa a kan manyan al’amurra da sabbin matsaloli.
Shirya taruka manya da qanana irin na ilimi da da’awa, tare da shirya taruka irin na qara wa juna ilimi da za su shafi gaba dayan nahiyar.
Shirya wadansu taruka irin na koyarwa da habaka hikima da fasaha, don amfanin ‘ya’yan wannan nahiya masu baiwa ta musamman.
Shiryawa tare da bugawa da yada ayyukan bincike da nazari.
Samar da wadansu shiraruwa wadanda za a riqa saurare da kallo, a cikin harshen Gwamnatocin qasashe da qabilun Afrika.
Samarwa tare da amfani da gaba dayan kafofin sadarwa
Raya Masallatai da mimbarorinsu, da kuma samar musu da limamai da malamai wadanda suka cancanta, domin saqon da suke isarwa ga al’umma ya zama nagartacce.
Samar da tsararrun bayanai da suke magana a kan Musulunci, a wannan nahiya ta Afrika, wadanda za su bayar da cikakkar damar nazarin Musulunci da sanin makamarsa a sauqaqewa.
Qa’idojin Zaɓen Mambobi
Qa’ida ne kafin a zabi mutum a matsayin manba a wannan Majalisi, ya cika wadannan sifofi:
Lallai ne ya kasance mutum mai cikakken tasiri da fada a ji a yankinsa.
Lalle ne ya kasance mai kyakkyawan tarihi; ba wanda ya shahara da ayyukan barna da badala ba.
Tsare-tsaren Bunqasa Ayyukan Mambobi
Saboda bukatar da take akwai ta bunqasuwa tare da inganta ayyukan mambobin wannan Majalisa a tsakanin jama’arsu, wannan Majalisa ta dauri aniyar gudanar da wadansu tsare-tsare, da gabatar da wadansu hidimomi zuwa gare su. Amma, da sharadin rashin kasancewar wadannan abubuwa samammu gare su qarqashin tanade-tanaden da suke hannun cibiyoyi da sauran qungiyoyin abokan aiki, da suke kula da irin wannan hidima ta da’awa da sauran ayyukan Musulunci, a yankunasu. Wadannan tsare-tsare sun haɗa da: Samar da adiresai da sauran shafukan ilimi a yanar gizo, da za su sauqaqe hanyar watsawa da yada karance-karance da fatawowinsu. Alkinta yanayin Masallatai, da gina cibiyoyi, da samar da dakunan karatu.
Tabbatar da ganin an nada an kuma watsa aikace-aikacensu na ilimi da da’awa, tare da kusantar da su ga al’umma da sauran daliban ilimi.
Shirya taruka irin na bayar da horo domin bunqasa yanayin jagoranci da tasiri da qwarewar da suke da shi.
Tsarin Shugabanci
Manyan Ginshiqai
Al-Jam’iyyatul Ámmah (Mahadar dukan mambobi)
Al-Mu’utamarul Ám (Taron wakilai na ko ina)
Al-Majalisul Ám (Babbar mahadar shugabanni)
Majalisar Zartaswa:
Arri’ásah (Shugabancin Majalisa)
Al’amanatul Ámmah (Sakatariya)
Al-Lijánul Fanniyyah wal- Far’iyyah Addá’imah (Kwamitoci na ayyuka na musamman da kuma na din-din-din) Qa’idojin Zaben Babban Ofishi
Kafin a zabi wuri a matsayin inda za a kafa babban ofishin wannan majalisa, sai an yi la’akari da wadannan abubuwa kamar haka:
o Rinjayen Musulunci a wurin.
o Rinjayen Sunnah a wurin.
o Rashin tashe-tashen hankali irin na Siyasa.
o Sassafcin dokokin rajista da ayyukan qungiyoyi.
o Qaqqarfan asasi irin na a zo a gani a fagen na’urorin sadarwa.
o Wadatar rukunnai da muqarraban gudanar da ayyukan Musulunci.
Matakan Kafa Majalisar
Mataki na Farko: Tunani
Tunanin samar da qasaitacciyar makoma ta Musulunci a farfajiyar nahiyar Afrika, tunani ne da ya samu gindin zama a zukatan malamai da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin ayyukan Musulunci a cikinta. Sauran abin da ya rage kuma na wannan tunani, ya cigaba da bunqasa ne ta hanyar tattaunawa a tsakanin wadannan rukunnai biyu, a duk inda suka haxu a wasu taruka, da kuma ta hanyar kafafen sadarwa na zamani a matakin daidaiku. A haka har aka cimma mataki da qoqarin aiwatarwa. Sai dai akwai bukatar samar da wani rukuni da zai kula da tuntuba da bibiya, da kuma tanade-tanade na wajibi.
Mataki na Biyu: Kafawa
Bayan gudanar da shawarwari da musayar tunani da nazari, sai aka cimma matsayin cirata daga wannan mataki zuwa mataki na gaba, wato kafawa. Wadanda kuma aka tuntuba a lokacin gudanar da wadannan shawarwari sun hada da:
Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Lauhu, daga Senegal
Dr. Sa’id Muhammad Baba Sílah, daga Málí
Dr. Muhammad Sani Umar, daga Najeriya
Bayan haka ne fa, aka samu kammala samar da asasin wannan Majalisa a cikin qwaqwalwa, a kan hanyar ciratar da shi zuwa haqiqa. Wadannan bayanai ma da muke gabatarwa yanzu suna daga cikin wadancan tsare-tsare.
Mataki na Uku: Bayar da Sanarwa Wannan shi ne babban mataki kuma ginshiqi a fagen qoqarin kafa wannan Majalisa. A wancan mataki na kafawa, mambobinsa sun riga sun samar da asasi na farko, wanda a cikinsa aka amince da zabar wadansu zaqaquran malamai na wannan nahiya ta Afrika, wadanda za su zama su ne mambobin kwamitin tabbatarwa da kafa Majalisar, da suka hada da:
Dr. Muhammad Ahmad Lauhu, daga Senegal
Dr. Sa’id Muhammad Baba Sílah, daga Málí
Dr. Muhammad Sani Umar, daga Najeriya
Dr. Bashir Adam, daga Ghana
Dr. Sa’id Burhan, daga Juzrul- qamar
Dr. Musa Fadiga, daga Sahilul- Áj
Dr. Yahaya Abdallah Ahmad, daga Chadi
Shaikh Khalfan Khumais, daga Kenya
Shaikh Gahutu Abdalkarim, daga Ruwanda
Shaikh Muhammad Zainu Zahruddin, daga Ethopia
Shaikh Salim Bar Hayyan, daga Tanzaniya
Shaikh Bilal Isma’il, daga Afrika ta kudu
Ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba, sai wannan kwamiti ya shiga aikinsa gadan-gadan, ta hanyar amfani da kafafen sadarwa na yanar gizo da sauran shafukan sadarwa na zamani, da tattaunawa ta hanyar waya. A karshe, aka yanke shawarar haduwa a birnin Makkah mai alfarma, a daidai lokacin gudanar da aikin Umra, domin gudanar da tattaunawa ta qarshe a kan yadda wannan Majalisa za ta kasance, da kuma bayar da sanarwa a kan ta, daga wannan bigire, inda hasken Musulunci ya samo asali. Wannan haduwa kuwa ta kasance ne tsakanin 7-12 ga watan rabi’us sání 1432H wanda ya yi daidai da 9-14 ga watan Maris 2011, wanda takwas daga cikin mambobin wannan kwamiti suka samu halarta. A qarshen wannan haduwa kuma an yi matsaya a kan wadannan abubuwa:
1) Tabbatarwa tare da shimfida tsarin asasin wannan Majalisa.
2) Shirya tsare-tsaren gudanar da babban taron qaddamarwa, da ambata inda za a yi. A qarshe, aka amince da gabatar da taron a Bamako babban birnin qasar Mali, a tsakanin 7 zuwa 9 ga watan Rajab 1432, wanda ya yi daidai da 8 zuwa 10 ga watan 7 na 2011. Daga baya kuma aka aminta da daga shi zuwa 9 zuwa 11 ga SSha’aban 1432, wanda ya yi daidai da 8 zuwa 10 ga Yuli 2011.
3) Zabe tare da samar da jerin sunayen wadanda za su zama mambobin farko, zakarun gwajin dafi, gwargwadon masaniyar da su ‘ya’yan wannan kwamiti suke da ita a kan kowane daya daga cikinsu. Sa’annan kuma a bar kofar zauren a bude domin bayar da damar cigaba da zaqulo irin wadannan mutane, da suka cika sharuddan da aka gindaya tun da farko. Babbar matsalar da aka fuskanta a wannan mataki, ita ce samun cikakken adireshin mutanen da aka ga dacewarsu, balle a iya sanar da su. Sai dai kawai aka sha alwashi tare da lasar takobin tabbatar da ganin an isar musu da wannan saqo ta kowane hali, bayan wannan taro, domin su samu damar halartar taro na gaba wanda shi ne mafi muhimmanci, sai kuwa wanda samun adireshin nasa ya faskara.
4) Samar da wata cibiya, wadda za ta yi riqon qwarya na jagorancin wannan Majalisa, wadda kuma ita ce za ta tsara yadda wannan babban taro na qaddamarwa zai kasance.
5) Zana taswirar tsare-tsaren da suka zama dole don shiryawa da gudanar da wannan taro na qaddamarwa.
6) Samar da jadawalin tabbatar da gurin wannan Majalisa na shekaru hamsin nan gaba.
7) Tuntubar manyan qungiyoyin bayar da agajin ayyukan alhairi, na Afrika domin nemo gudunmawar gudanar da wannan taro.
Babban Taro
Allah, cikin ikonsa an samu gudanar da wannan babban taro na qaddamar da wannan Majalisa kamar yadda aka tsara; a garin Bamako, babban birnin qasar Mali, wanda baqi da daman gaske daga wannan nahiya ta Afrika da wajenta suka halarta. Daga wannan lokaci ne kuma aka bayar da sanarwar kafuwar wannan Majalisa ta Malaman Afrika. Lokaci wanda, daga bayansa ne kuma aka shiga aiki gadan-gadan, a matakin ginawa, da aiki irin na hadin guiwa.
Abokan Aiki
Tun lokacin da wannan Majalisa ta karbi zanannen sunanta, take neman abokan aiki irin ta, wadanda suka damu da al’amurran Musulunci a fadin wannan nahiya ta Afrika, domin ta hada hannu da su. Ta kuma yi haka ne sakamakon nazarin qwaqwaf tare da shata bangaroran da ake da bukata da wannan qawance a cikin su. Wannan qawance kuma, abu ne mai sauqi, ya wuce iyakokin wannan nahiya ta Afrika, ya hada har da wadansu bangarora na musayar dabaru, da sha’anin kudi, da kwarewa, da tsare-tsare a wasu bangarora da al’amurra daban-daban.
Kammalawa
Mafi girman abin da ya kamata mu kalla a daidai wannan mataki, shi ne abin da Allah Madaukakin Sarki ya gaya wa Annabin sa sallallahu alaihi wa sallam, wanda shi ne jagora, kuma babbar Makarantarmu, wato: “Kuma ka yi shawara da su a cikin al’amari. Kuma idan ka yi azama, to, ka dogara ga Allah. Lalle ne Allah yana son masu tawakkali.” Suratu Ali Imran: 159 Alhamdu lillah
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8628 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%20Abib | Tel Abib | Tel Abib ko Tel Aviv birni ne a Isra'ila.
Tel Aviv (Hebrew: da Larabci: ita ce ta biyu cikin birane masu yawan al'ummah a kasar Isra'la bayan Jerusalem— kuma ita ce birni mafi yawan al'ummah daga yankin Gush Dan. Tana nan ne a yankin gabar Tekun Mediterranean dake kasar. Ita ce cibiyar hada-hadar tattalin arziki da fasahar kasar.
Gwamnatin garin Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, Wanda shugaban ta shi ne Ron Huldai, juma nan mazaunin hukumomin kasashe daban-daban dake hulda da kasar suke. Nan ne Babban birnin kasar Israela kamar yadda dokar da kasar ta yi na Jerusalem Law a shekarar 1980. Fadar shugaban kasar, hukumomin gwamnati da Kotun Koli na kasar, da kuma Majalisar kasar (Knesset) duk suna garin ne. Amma kuma Hukumomin Falasdinu suna daukan gabashin Jerusalem a matsayin babban birnin kasarsu idan suka samu yanci. Sai dai Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba ta yarda da cewar Jerusalem ita ce Babban birnin Israela ba, duk da cewar Israilar da wasu kasashe kawayenta suna cewa babban birnin tace, kamar kasar Taiwan, Czech republic da Amurika. Amma dai Majalisar tana ganin abinda zai tabbatar wa Israila birnin shi ne idan ta sasanta tattaunawa tsakanin ta da hukumomin kasar Falasdinu. Kasashe sun cigaba da tafiyar Ofishin Jakancinsu a birnin Tel Abib, ko a kusa da birnin Kudus, kamar a Mevaseret Zion. (see CIA Factbook Birnin Tel Abib shi ne na 25th acikin biranen Duniya wadanda ake kallonsu a matsayin cibiyoyin hada hadar kudade. Kuma itace na uku na GDP cikin birane masu tattalin arziki sannan kuma mafi arziki akan GDP a yankin gabas ta tsakiya.<ref. name="Brookings">cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/|title=Global city GDP 2014|publisher=Brookings Institution|accessdate=8 May 2015</ref> The city has the 31st highest cost of living in the world. Tel Aviv receives over 2.5 million international visitors annually. A "party capital" in the Middle East, it has a lively nightlife and 24-hour culture. A Tel Aviv ne Jami'ar Tel Aviv take, kuma mafi girman Jami'a a kasar Isra'ila, Wanda keda dalibai sama da dubu talatin (30,000).
An kirkira birnin ne a shekarar 1909 kuma Yishuv (Bayahude mazaunin garin yafara samar da ita, a matsayin wani Sabon rukunin gidaje da akayi a yankin gabar kasar dake tsohuwar garin port city dake Jaffa sannan yazama bangaren Jerusalem province na Ottoman Syria. Da farko ana kiranta da 'Ahuzat Bayit' amma saidai a shekarar data zagayo ne aka canja sunan zuwa 'Tel Aviv' wanda ke nufin "Ancient Hill of Spring". Other Jewish suburbs of Jaffa established outside Jaffa's Old City even before Tel Aviv, eventually became part of Tel Aviv, the oldest among them being Neve Tzedek (est. 1886).
Yancirani wadanda yawancinsu yahudawa ne, sune suka cika garin, Wanda hakan yasa garin yafi yawan al'ummah akan garin Jaffa, wanda yawancin al'umman nan Larabawan falasdinu ne a waccan lokacin. an hada garuruwan Tel Aviv da Jaffa suka zama daya a shekarar 1950, shekara biyu bayan nan Israila ta tattabar da yancin kanta a wannan garin. Farin Birni na Tel Aviv, an Santa sa cikin wuraren tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO a 2003, ta tattara samfarin zane zanen gine gine na duniya Wanda yahada da Bauhaus da wasu ire-iren samfarin zanen gidaje na zamani.
Hotuna
Anazarci
Manazarta
Biranen |
29883 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreedomBox | FreedomBox | FreedomBox tsarin sabar gida ce ta software kyauta bisa Debian, wanda Gidauniyar FreedomBox ke goyan bayan
An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin shekara ta 2010, FreedomBox ya girma daga tsarin software zuwa tsarin muhalli wanda ya haɗa da al'ummar DIY da kuma wasu samfuran kasuwanci.
Tarihi An sanar da aikin Eben Moglen, Farfesa na Shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Columbia, a cikin jawabin da ake kira "'Yanci a cikin Cloud" a taron New York ISOC a ranar Fabrairu 2, 2010. A cikin wannan jawabin, Moglen ya yi hasashen irin barnar da Facebook zai yi wa al'umma: ."Mista Zuckerberg ya samu wani tarihi da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba: ya cutar da bil'adama fiye da kowa da shekarunsa." A cikin martani kai tsaye ga barazanar da Facebook ke yi a cikin shekara ta 2010, Moglen ya bayar da hujjar cewa FreedomBox yakamata ya samar da tushe don madadin gidan yanar gizo. Kamar yadda Steven J. Vaughan Nichols ya lura, “[Moglen] ya ga rudanin da muke fuskanta kusan shekaru 10 da suka wuce. Hakan ya kasance kafin Facebook ya nuna cewa bai dace da tsaro ba tare da sayar da bayanan ku ga Cambridge Analytica don zamba ga masu amfani da Facebook miliyan 50 na Amurka tare da farfagandar anti-Clinton da farfagandar goyon bayan Trump a zaɓen shekara ta 2016." A ranar 4 ga Fabrairun shekara ta, 2011, Moglen ya kafa Gidauniyar FreedomBox don zama hedkwatar gudanarwa na aikin, kuma a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2011, gidauniyar ta fara yaƙin neman zaɓe don tara 60,000 a cikin kwanaki 30 akan sabis na tattara kuɗi, Kickstarter An cimma burin a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, da kuma ranar 19 ga Maris, 2011, yakin ya ƙare bayan tattara $86,724 daga masu goyon bayan 1,007. Masu haɓakawa na farko sun yi niyya don ƙirƙira da adana keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar samar da ingantaccen dandamali don gina ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen dijital. Sun yi niyya ga software na FreedomBox don toshe kwamfutoci da kwamfutoci guda ɗaya waɗanda za su iya kasancewa cikin sauƙi a cikin gidaje ko ofisoshi. Bayan 2011, aikin FreedomBox ya ci gaba da girma a karkashin jagorancin daban-daban.
A cikin shekara ta 2017, aikin ya yi nasara sosai cewa "kamfanin fasaha na duniya mai zaman kansa ThinkWorks ya dauki hayar masu haɓaka biyu a Indiya don yin aiki a kan FreedomBox cikakken lokaci." Aikin FreedomBox yanzu yana da tsarin muhalli na software na kansa, tare da gudummawa daga sama da masu haɓaka 60 a tsawon tarihin aikin. The goal was met on February 22, The early developers aimed to create and preserve personal privacy by providing a secure platform for building decentralized digital applications.
A cikin shekara ta 2019, Gidauniyar FreedomBox ta ba da sanarwar cewa samfurin FreedomBox na kasuwanci na farko Olimex, mai kera kayan masarufi ne zai siyar da shi.
FreedomBox da Debian FreedomBox shine Debian Pure Blend Duk aikace-aikace akan FreedomBox an shigar dasu azaman fakitin Debian Aikin FreedomBox da kansa yana rarraba software ta wurin ajiyar Debian.
Dangane da Debian don kula da software shine ɗayan dalilan da yasa FreedomBox ya ƙare da yawa makamantan ayyukan da suka yi amfani da rubutun shigarwa na hannu maimakon. FreedomBox yana zuwa tare da sabunta software ta atomatik wanda Debian ke ƙarfafawa.
Hardware neutrality FreedomBox an ƙera shi don ya zama tsaka-tsakin hardware: Masu haɓakawa suna nufin a iya shigar da shi akan kusan kowace kayan aikin kwamfuta. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin kasancewar Debian Pure Blend shine FreedomBox ya gaji dacewa da kayan aikin Debian iri-iri.
Tun daga Afrilun shekara ta 2019, FreedomBox yana kunshe cikin hotunan tsarin aiki na al'ada don kwamfutoci 11 guda 11. An yi bayanin kayan aikin da aka gabatar don amfani da software na FreedomBox akan shafin Hardware An fi son ƙirar OSHW, kamar Olimex A20 OLinuXino Lime 2 ko BeagleBone Black,. Rufe allo allo kamar DreamPlug, Cubietruck da Rasberi Pi ne mai yiwuwa zažužžukan, yayin da wasu suna kan hanya. Hakanan akwai hoton VirtualBox. Hakanan za'a iya shigar da FreedomBox akan ingantaccen shigarwar Debian.
Samfur na kasuwanci A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2019, Gidauniyar FreedomBox ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da siyar da samfuran FreedomBox na kasuwanci na farko. Olimex, kamfani wanda ke ƙirƙirar Hardware na Buɗewa shine ke samarwa da sayar da "Pioneer Edition FreedomBox Home Server Kit". Dan jaridar fasaha Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols ya ce game da ƙaddamar da samfurin FreedomBox,
An ƙirƙiri samfurin don sauƙaƙe wa masu zaman kansu damar ɗaukar sabar nasu. Marubucin fasaha Glyn Moody ya lura cewa “aikin FreedomBox yana da matukar amfani, ba ko kadan ba a matsayin hujja cewa ana iya gina tsarin rarrabawa. Sabuwar hanyar kasuwanci ana maraba da ita musamman don rage shingen shiga har yanzu gaba."
Duba kuma arkOS
Commotion Wireless
MaidSafe Rukunin sadarwar
Mai sarrafa bayanan sirri
PirateBox (mai kama da aikin FreedomBox)
Yunohost (kuma mai kama da aikin zuwa FreedomBox)
Mara waya raga cibiyar sadarwa
Manazarta
Latsa sharhi "Eben Moglen yana sake fasalin Intanet tare da Akwatin 'Yanci Jaridar New York Times." [Akan layi]. Akwai: https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/nyregion/16about.html [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Tsoron Danniya Malamai da masu fafutuka na Spurs don Gina Madadin Intanet Tarihin Babban Ilimi." [Akan layi]. Akwai: http://www.chronicle.com/article/fear-of-repression-spurs/129049 [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Gigaom Lokacin da dokoki suka kasa: fasaha kamar Akwatin 'Yanci na iya kare mu daga PRISM?" [Akan layi]. Akwai: https://gigaom.com/2013/06/17/when-laws-fail-can-technology-like-freedom-box-shield-us-from-prism/ [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Albishir ga 'Yan leƙen asiri da Masu Mulki: 'FreedomBox' yana cikin Haɗarin Mutuwar Farko WIRED." [Akan layi]. Akwai: https://www.wired.com/2012/06/freedombox/ [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Google Fiber Yana Ci Gaba da Mummunan Al'adar ISP na Hana 'Sabis' Gidauniyar Frontier Electronic." [Akan layi]. Akwai: https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/08/google-fiber-continues-awful-isp-tradition-banning-servers [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Samar da Intanet da keɓantawa tare da FreedomBox Opensource.com." [Akan layi]. Akwai: https://opensource.com/life/15/12/freedombox [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Shin Kariyar Keɓaɓɓen 'Mafi Al'ajabi Ya Fi Kuɗi'? Duk Tech La'akari NPR." [Akan layi]. Akwai: https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/06/369012826/is-privacy-protection-more-awesome-than-money [An ci gaba da 2016-10-06].
"Jacob Appelbaum: NSA na nufin cikakken sa ido ITWeb." [Akan layi]. Akwai: http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?id=134825 [An shiga 2016-10=06].
"Ina da haɗin kai, mai amfani da Intanet: la rivoluzione del mesh networking -Repubblica.it." [Akan layi]. Akwai: http://www.repubblica.it/tecnologia/2014/05/12/news/mi_connetto_lontano_da_internet_la_rivoluzione_del_mesh_networking-85929965/?refresh_ce [An shiga 2016-10=06].
"Wannan buɗaɗɗen tushen sabar masu zaman kansu yana da sauƙin amfani azaman wayar hannu kuma yana iya sauƙaƙa damuwar sirrin ku Sabbin Labarai Sabuntawa a Labaran Daily Analysis." [Akan layi]. Akwai: http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-this-open-source-private-server-is-as-easy-to-use-as-a-smartphone-and-can-ease-your- sirri-damuwa-2184605 [An shiga 2016-10=06].
Haƙƙoƙi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
19711 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Igwe | Leo Igwe | Leo Igwe (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1970) Leo ya kasan ce ɗan rajin kare hakkin ɗan adam ne na Nijeriya kuma masanin ɗan adam. Igwe tsohon wakilin Yammaci da na Kudancin Afirka ne na kungiyar International Humanist and Ethhical Union na Duniya, kuma ya ƙware a kan yaƙi da tattara bayanai game da tasirin zargin maitar yara. Ya yi karatun digirin digirgir daga makarantar Bayreuth International School of African Studies a jami’ar Bayreuth da ke Jamus, bayan da ya samu digiri na biyu a fannin falsafa daga jami’ar Calabar da ke Najeriya. Lauyan kare hakkin bil adama Igwe ya kawo shi cikin rikici tare da manyan mashahuran matsafa, kamar su Liberty Foundation Gospel Ministries, saboda sukar da ya yi wa abin da ya bayyana a matsayin rawar da suke takawa a tashin hankali da barin yara da wasu lokuta ke faruwa sakamakon zargin maita.
An nada Igwe a matsayin abokin bincike na Gidauniyar Ilimi ta James Randi, inda ya ci gaba da aiki don burin mayar da martani ga abin da yake gani a matsayin mummunan tasirin camfe-camfe, ciyar da shubuhohi cikin Afirka da ma duniya baki daya. A shekarar ta 2014, Igwe aka zaba a matsayin Lambar Yabo na daya a International Academy of Humanism da kuma a shekara ta 2017 ya karbi kyautar hidima wa Humanism Award daga International Humanist and Ethical Union.
Ganin filin kare hakkin dan Adam na Igwe ya sa an cafke shi a lokuta da dama a Najeriya. Ya rike mukamin shugabanci a kungiyar 'yan Adam ta Najeriya, Atheist Alliance International, da kuma Cibiyar Bincike a—Nigeria.
Rayuwar farko Igwe ya taso ne a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya, kuma ya bayyana gidansa a matsayin mabiya darikar Katolika sosai a tsakanin "al'ummomin da ke da camfi sosai," kamar yadda aka yi hira da shi a cikin Gold Coast Bulletin. Tun yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu, Igwe ya shiga makarantar seminary kuma ya fara karatun firist na Katolika. "A cikin makarantar firamaren," in ji shi a wata hira da ya yi da Turawa Skeptics Podcast, "suna inganta akidarsu ta Katolika kuma waɗannan imanin suna shakkar abubuwan da aka saba da su." Wannan "rikakken rikitarwa na kabilanci da Kiristanci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi" ya haifar da wani lokaci na bincike da rikicin cikin gida. "[W] sai na fara tambaya, na gano cewa ko Kiristanci ne ko sihiri na al'ada, duk game da camfi ne, maganar jitajita ne, duk batun yin mutane ne. Ya shafi mutane ne kawai suna tallata imani ba tare da hujja ba. Tun yana ɗan shekara 24, Igwe ya yi murabus daga makarantar seminary ya koma Ibadan.
Kaddamar da 'yancin ɗan adam Igwe ya sami tasirin zama dan gwagwarmaya ne ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen Paul Kurtz, wanda ya karanta a cikin mujallu da Cibiyar Bincike ta buga. An jera Igwe a matsayin karamin tsohohon Dan Makarantar Digiri na Biyu ta Bayreuth ta Nazarin Afirka, inda aikinsa ya kasance batun nazarin zargin maita a arewacin Ghana. A cikin labarin faduwar 2000 a cikin mujallar 'Free Inquiry Igwe kwata-kwata ya lissafa hanyoyi daban-daban da masu tsattsauran ra'ayin addini a Najeriya suka hada kai da karamar hukumar tare da amfani da ita wajen aiwatar da ka'idojin dokoki na addini, wanda ke hana aiwatar da 'yancin dan adam a wadannan yankuna. Igwe ya rubuta a shekarar ta 2004 cewa a cikin kasarsa ta Najeriya, imanin da ake da shi a yanzu game da maita na haifar da kashe-kashe da sadaukarwa ta mutum, yana mai lura da cewa mata da kananan yara za a iya cewa suna da ko kuma aikata ba daidai ba na damar maita, alhali kuwa maza sun fi yawaita wanda aka nuna a matsayin yana da kyawawan halayen maita. A shekara ta 2008, wani shirin BBC, Saving Africa's Witch children, sun nuna wani hoto da Igwe, kasancewar daya daga cikin batutuwan farko shi ne "mafarauciyar ok mayu Helen Ukpabio." Rahoton shirin ya ba da cikakken rahoto game da "munanan laifuffukan da aka aikata kan yara da ake zargi da maita," kuma aka gabatar da shi a matsayin HBO a shekara ta 2010. Fim din ya kuma biyo bayan kokarin Sam Itauma, wani mai rajin kare hakkin dan adam kuma wanda ya kafa kungiyar kare hakkin yara da gyara rayuwa (CRARN), wanda ke ba da masauki da kariya ga yaran da aka ci zarafinsu ko kuma aka yi watsi da su, da kuma Gary Foxcroft, wanda ya kafa Stepping Stones Nigeria, wata kungiyar agaji mai rijista a Burtaniya. A cikin shekara ta 2009, Igwe ya wakilci kungiyar International Humanist and Ethical Union Afirka na 'Yancin Dan Adam da Humanan Adam a Banjul, Gambiya, inda ya yi magana a madadin IHEU game da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka. A jawabinsa, Igwe ya ja hankali game da nuna wariya ga Osu, wasu gungun mutane da wasu ke ganin cewa masu karamin karfi ne, wadanda Igwe ya ce "ci gaba da fuskantar wariya da rashin mutunci, musamman a bangaren aure da dangi, na mallakar dukiya. da gado, samun filaye, ‘yancin siyasa da wakilci, ilimi, ci gaba, ababen more rayuwa, da rarraba kayayyakin more rayuwa." A shekara ta 2010, a cewar wata sanarwa da Kungiyar Hadin Kan ‘Yan Adam ta Turai (EHF) ta fitar, sojoji da jami’an‘ yan sanda sun mamaye gidan Igwe “bayan wata tuhumar kisan kai,” wanda ake zargin wani mutum ne da Igwe ya yi yunkurin gurfanar da shi saboda zargin aikata laifin lalata da yarinya mai shekaru 10 a shekara ta 2006. A cewar rahoton, an kama Igwe har sau uku tun lokacin da ya fara aiki a kan lamarin fyade, sakamakon zarge-zargen mugunta, sa David Pollock na EHF ya rubuta wa mataimakin shugaban kasar na lokacin, Goodluck Jonathan wasika a kan Amadadin Igwe. A cewar EHF, daga baya a cikin watan Agustan shekara ta 2010, an kaiwa gidan da dangin Igwe suke hari yayin da wasu mutane biyu da ba a san ko su waye ba suka kai wa mahaifin Igwe duka kuma suka rufe shi, lamarin dai ya haifar da “munanan raunuka a fuskarsa da kansa,” kuma hakan ya sa aka cire dattijo Igwe ta hanyar tiyata. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International ta dauki lamarin ne bayan da rahotanni suka ce ‘yan sanda sun ki bude bincike. A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, yayin da ake kokarin ceton yara biyu da ake zargi da maita a jihar Uyo ta Akwa da ke kudancin Najeriya, 'yan sanda sun daure Igwe kuma sun lakada masa duka,' a kokarinsu, a cewar Sahara Reporters, ta jihar gwamna Godswill Akpabio, zai fara "danniya ga masu fafutuka da ke da hannu a ceton yaran da ake zargi da maita." Daga baya an an saki Igwe ba tare da caji ba, cewar Gary Foxcroft na Stepping Stones Nigeria, kuma "cikin farin ciki." A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, an zabi Igwe a matsayin wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Ilmin Dan Adam ta Duniya. A cikin shekara ta 2017, an ba shi Kyautattun Ayyuka don Kyautar Dan Adam daga Babban Taron Humanan Adam da Ethabi'ar Generalasa ta Duniya. Lokacin da ya karbi lambar yabon, Igwe ya sadaukar da shi ne "ga dukkan masu ilimin bil'adama wadanda ke cikin hadari a duniya". Igwe mai goyon bayan yakin neman zabe ne na kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kungiyar da ke fafutukar kawo canji ga dimokiradiyya ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Lokacin da yake tattaunawa game da batun, Igwe ya bayar da hujjar cewa "Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na bukatar a mayar da ita ga wadanda ta mallaka a zahiri mutanen duniya." Igwe na ci gaba da tofa albarkacin bakin sa game da hare-haren da ake zargin mayu a Malawi. A cewarsa, shari'o'in da suka faru na baya-bayan nan na irin wadannan hare-hare a watan Disambar shekara ta 2019 da watan Janairun shekara ta 2020 sun kunshi tsaba na ingantaccen shawarwari kan zaluncin matsafa a Malawi. Da farko dai akwai bukatar gaggawa ga masu ba da shawara ga wadanda ake zargin matsafa ne a duk fadin kasar don su zama bayyane kuma su himmantu. Ya ba da shawarar cewa, baya ga ilmi mai yaɗuwa game da ainihin musabbabin bala'i, "Ya kamata a zartar da hukunci mai girma ciki har da dakatarwa da sallamar ko ta kwana ga shugaban kowane ƙauye, ko gundumar da ake zargin an kashe maƙaryaci ko kuma kashe shi."
Cocin Bishara ta Liberty Kokarin da Igwe ke yi kan tuhumar maita ya hada da neman tilasta aiwatar da wata doka a Najeriya da ta hana tuhumar kananan yara da maita, wanda hakan ya haifar da rikici da kungiyar Pentikostal ta Liberty Foundation Gospel Ministries da kuma musamman Fasto Helen Ukpabio, wacce ta sha suka daga Igwe da sauransu, a cewar wani labarin na New York Times, saboda koyarwar da ta yi "sun taimaka wajen azabtarwa ko watsi da dubban yaran Najeriya ciki har da jarirai da jarirai wadanda ake zargin mayu ne da kuma yaƙe-yaƙe." A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2009, an shirya Igwe zai yi magana a wani taro a Calabar, Najeriya, "yana la'antar watsi da, azabtarwa da kisan yara da ake zargin mayu ne." Yayin da yake gab da gabatar da jawabinsa, mambobin cocin Liberty Gospel Church, sama da mutane 150, suka mamaye taron suka far wa Igwe, wanda “aka buge shi aka yi masa fashi, an cire masa kyamara, kudi da wayar hannu kafin ya yi nasarar tserewa zuwa ofishin yan sanda da ke kusa don neman taimako." An ɗauki ɓangaren rikicin cikin fim. Bayan harin, shugabar cocin Liberty Gospel Church, fasto Helen Ukpabio, ta kai karar gwamnatin jihar, da kuma wasu masu suka, ciki har da Igwe, suna neman Naira biliyan 2 (kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 13, 2010) da kuma "umarnin har abada," hana maganganun masu sukar ta daga sukar aikin ta. Daga baya Mai Shari’a PJ Nneke ya yi watsi da bukatar Ukpabio a babbar kotun tarayya da ke Calabar. Da take mayar da martani ga sukar da Igwe da sauran masu fafutuka suka yi, Ukpabio ta fada wa wakilin jaridar New York Times Mark Oppenheimer cewa "hotunan da take nunawa na yaran da suka mallake su, suna taruwa ne ta hasken wata don cin naman mutane" (kamar yadda aka gani a fim dinta na End of the mugs) ba an nufi shi ba a dauke shi a zahiri, kuma a bayyana, a cewar Oppenheimer, cewa shirin BBC na Ajiye Yaran Afirka "ya wuce gona da iri kan kirkirar matsalar watsi da yara." A cewar Oppenheimer, "An tambaye ta yadda za ta tabbata, sai ta ce, 'saboda ni dan Afirka ne!' A Afirka, ta ce, 'dangin dangi sun fi karfin a samu haihuwa a kan titi.'
Shakka Matsayin Igwe a matsayin kodinetan kungiyar 'yan Adam na Najeriya ya sa aka bashi lambar yabo ta Freidenker saboda gagarumar gudummawa da ya bayar ga rashin yarda da duniya a lokacin Taurarin Freethought na shekara ta 2005, wanda Atheist Alliance International da Atheist United suka dauki nauyi. Baya ga kafa kungiyar 'yan Adam na Najeriya, Igwe ya kasance babban mai shiryawa da gabatarwa a shekara ta 2007 a taron farko na' yan Adam na duniya a Yankin Saharar Afirka. Igwe ya kuma yi aiki a hukumar daraktocin kungiyar Atheist Alliance International, inda ya samar da hadin kai tsakanin AAI da kungiyar Humanist Movement, wanda hakan ya sa NHM ta samu kyautar AAI ta kasa da kasa ta Freidenker da kuma AAI Community Cooperation Award. A watan Yunin shekara ta 2009, a matsayin daraktan Cibiyar Bincike –Nigeria, an yi hira da Igwe ta BBC World Service game da kokarin da cibiyar ke yi na wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali da rashin kulawa sakamakon imanin maita, duk da sunan aikinta da kuma tsoron sihiri. A cikin shekara ta 2012, Igwe ya rubuta Manifesto don Afirka mai shakku, wanda ya sami amincewa daga wasu masu rajin kare jama'a da yawa a Afirka, da kuma masu yarda da ra'ayi a duk duniya. Igwe ya gabatar da fosta a Taron Duniya na shida masu shakku (18-20 ga watan Mayu 2012) a Berlin, Jamus, tare da bayanan tarihin gwajin da shi da yawancin magoya bayansa suka fuskanta a Afirka yayin zanga-zangar nuna adawa da zalunci da kisan yara da tsiraru, da kuma gazawar da jami’an tsaro da shugabannin addinai suka yi wajen kalubalantar irin wannan ta’asar. A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2012, Igwe ya halarci wani taron tattaunawa a Taron Amaz! Ng (TAM), Jawabin na Igwe ya yi magana kan matsalar talaucin da ke haifar da wadatarwa da neman 'yan cirani, wadanda ke cin karensu da babbaka kuma ya haifar da watsi da yara. Tare da mai gabatar da kara Eran Segev (shugaban kasa na wancan lokacin, Skeptics na Australiya da kuma mai gabatar da kara Brian Thompson (Daraktan yada labarai, JREF), Igwe sun tattauna kan kokarin da yake yi a kan kare hakkin dan Adam da kuma illolin da camfe camfe da tuhumar maita a Najeriya, Ghana, da Malawi. A watan Oktoban shekara ta 2012, an nada Igwe a matsayin Babban Jami'in Bincike na James Randi Educational Foundation wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta da wata riba wacce aka kafa ta mai sihiri da shakku James Randi Randi ya ce game da nadin, "Mu a JREF muna alfahari da yin aiki tare da Mista Leo Igwe wajen yakar mummunar labarin karya a Afirka, da ma duniya baki daya," ya kara da cewa manufar JREF "ta yi daidai da aikin Mista Igwe mai matukar muhimmanci. A shekara ta 2013, Igwe ya gabatar da jawabi a taron bakaken zindikai na Landan da aka yiwa lakabi da 'Breaking The Taboo of Atheism in Black Communities', in da yake cewa "Allah bai juya ba! Ya kamata bakar fata su faɗi albarkacin bakinsu saboda mun fi wahala daga wuce gona da iri kan addini A cikin shekara ta 2017, Igwe ya halarci Taron Turai na Skeptics Congress (ESC). Anan, yayi magana kan batutuwan kimiyya da addini. Ya halarci tattaunawan tare da Petr Jan Vinš, wani firist daga tsohuwar Cocin Katolika, wanda ya yi magana game da kawo mahimmancin tunani ga addini. Igwe "ya kasance mai ladabi da maganganun sa game da rashin magana da masu addini da kuma rungumar kimiyya." A cikin tattaunawar de kan mutumtaka ta shekara ta 2017, Igwe ya raba yadda misalin aikin da iyayensa suka yi ya ba shi kwarin gwiwa ya rungumi falsafar da ke karfafa hukumar dan Adam a tsarinsa na tunkarar kalubale kamar talauci, cuta, da camfi. "A wasu lokuta, addini na turawa 'yan Afirka da yawa zuwa tsayin daka na ban mamaki: su kai hari ga wasu mutane, su yi kisan kai na al'ada, su auna wadanda ke dauke da cutar zabiya, wadanda ke da kashin baya, kuma kamar yadda na samu labari kwanan nan, wadanda ke da gashin kai. A Afirka, camfi ya yadu, tare da mutane da yawa suna yin imani da maita, abin da ba shi da tushe a dalili ko a kimiyya. Amma duk da haka ana zargin matsafa, galibi mata, yara da tsofaffi ana kai musu hari ta yau da kullun, kora da kashe su. Kuma na sanya shi wani bangare na aikin rayuwata don kawo karshen tuhumar mayu da fitintinu a Afirka. Gwajin maita A taron JREF na The Amaz! Ng Meeting (TAM) a watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Igwe yayi magana akan wani kwamitin "Taimakawa shakku a duniya." A lokacin da yake halartar taron, Igwe ya yi hira da Christopher Brown daga gidan rediyon Meet the Skeptics podcast, yayin Igwe ya bayar da bayanin gwaje-gwaje uku da aka yi amfani da su don tantance ko mutum yana da "laifi" na yin maita. Kowane ɗayan gwaje-gwaje ukun suna da son zuciya ga wanda ake zargi kuma sun haɗa da amfani da bazuwar yanayi (kaji ko kada ka yarda) ko dokokin kimiyyar lissafi (tsintsiya). Gwajin kajin ya ƙunshi ɗan takarar da ke ba 'yan kaɗan ga mai sihiri. Mai sihiri yana yanke kajin da kallo yadda dabbobin da suka yanke jiki suka faɗi. Idan kaji sun faɗi sama, wanda ake zargin bashi da laifi; amma idan sun fadi suna fuskantar kasa, mai laifin yana da laifi.
Gwajin kada wani abu ne mai sauki wanda ake jefa wanda ake zargi a cikin wani kogi wanda aka san 'yan kada da rayuwa a ciki. Wanda ake zargin yana da laifi idan aka kawo masa hari kuma ya ci. Wanan gwajin ba a daina amfani dashi. Igwe yana zargin cewa hakan na iya faruwa ne saboda yawan farautar kada da aka yi a wuraren da aka yi gwajin.
Gwajin tsintsiya yana amfani da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi don sanya wanda ake tuhuma cikin wata damuwa. Wanda ake zargin ya hau kan ƙaramin kujera wanda ke ba da tallafi kaɗan ko daidaito. Bayan wasu ayyuka na al'ada, sai a tura ƙyallen ƙaran tsintsiya biyu a gaban wuyan wanda ake zargin. Idan tsintsiya ta rabu, ko kuma idan mai sihiri ya iya zama a tsaye, to wanda ake zargin bashi da laifi. Idan tsintsiya ba ta rabu ba kuma an tura wanda ake zargi daga wurin zama, wanda ake zargin ya yi laifi.
iBubutun Igwe ya bayyana hanyar tunani mai karfi a cikin wata kasida don kwamitin binciken mai shakku wanda ya kira "iDoubt".hanya ce ta rarrabewa da binciko bayanai kafin yarda da shi azaman gaskiya. Igwe ya sanya shakku guda biyar a matsayin "shakku na mutum, ya haifar da shakku, ya sanya shakku, ya sanar da shakku, da kuma shakkar Intanet." "Shakku ɗaya" yana lasafta tambayoyin mutum bisa ga kwarewar mutum game da batun da aka bayar. "Sparfafa shakku" yana nufin yaba wa waɗanda suke yin amfani da tunani mai kyau da kuma bayyana shakku maimakon karɓar bayanai a matsayin na gaskiya. "Bayyana shakku" ya nuna cewa yayin da mutane da yawa ke shakku bisa ɗabi'a, tunani mai mahimmanci yana buƙatar koyar, mafi kyau tun daga ƙuruciya. "Sanar da shakku" yana gano buƙatar bayyana mahimmancin tunaninmu don yada su da kuma ƙarfafa wasu suyi hakan. A ƙarshe, "Shakiyan Intanet" yana nuna wata hanyar da za ta haifar da ƙarin tunani mai mahimmanci ta hanyar yin tambayoyi da karɓar ƙarin tambayoyi don amsawa.
Duba kuma Kwamitin Kula da Hakkin Dan Adam da na Jama'a a Afirka
Atheist Alliance International
Cibiyar Bincike
'Yancin' Ya'ya da Tsarin Gyaran Gyara
Kwalejin Ilimin Dan Adam ta Duniya
Humanungiyar Humanan Adam ta Duniya da Ethabi'a
James Randi Foundation Foundation
Matakan Dutse Nijeriya
Manazarta Pages with unreviewed translations
Rayayyun mutane
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50269 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali%20%28mai%20zane%29 | Kali (mai zane) | Articles with hCards
Kali Hanna Weynerowska, an haife ta Hanna Gordziałkowska (Disamba 18, 1918 Yuni 20,1998) 'yar asalin ƙasar Poland ce mai zane-zanen Ba'amurkiya wacce aka sani da salon hotunanta.An bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zanen mata na Poland. Tsohuwar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ce a ƙungiyar Resistance ta Poland bayan Jamus ta Nazi ta mamaye Poland, lokacin da ta yi amfani da nom de guerre Kali. Bayan hijira da yin aure,ta yi amfani da bambance-bambancen suna,ciki har da "Hanna Kali Weynerowski", "Hanna Weynerowski-Kali", "Hanna Gordziałkowski-Weynerowski", "Hanka Weynerowska", da "Hanna Gordziałkowski", amma ta sanya hannu kan zane-zanen ta Kali. Aiki Hotunan da ke cikin fasaharta sun yi kama da Tsofaffin Masters a fanni da matsayi, amma an zana su cikin sauƙi, daidaitacce kuma mafi launi.Hotunan suna da launuka masu haske,galibi suna nuna batun da aka nuna a zaune a tsayin bust, tare da doguwar fuska,dalla-dalla,wani nau'i mai ƙima kamar wani ɓangare na tufafi,tare da hannayen abin da aka sanya a cikin matsayi na gargajiya.An kwatanta aikinta da haɗin gwiwar Neo-mannerist da Surrealist.
Rayuwa An haifi Hanna Gordziałkowska a ranar 18 ga Disamban shekarar 1918 a Warsaw, Poland. Ta halarci Kwalejin Fine Arts a Warsaw,tana karatu a ƙarƙashin Tadeusz Pruszkowski. Harshen Poland da Nazi Jamus ta katse mata yin karatunta. Ta shiga ƙungiyar gwagwarmaya ta Poland, Sojojin Gida Armia Krajowa ta amfani da nom de guerre Kali ta kasance memba a sashin mata masu zagon kasa.A cikin tashin hankalin Warsaw na 1944,an ji rauni kuma an ɗauke ta fursunan yaƙi zuwa Jamus. Sojojin Soviet sun 'yantar da sansanin kurkukun nata.Ta tsere daga Poland mai mulkin gurguzu,da taimakon sojojin Amurka,zuwa Jamus ta Yamma. A shekara ta 1945 tana zaune a Brussels, Belgium, kuma tana halartar Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts ARBA a Brussels don kammala karatunta na fasaha. A Brussels ta auri Henryk "Henry" Weynerowski (1901-88) ɗan'uwan 'yan gudun hijirar Poland da kuma gwagwarmaya. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa,ta zauna a Turai kuma ta baje kolin fasaharta a kasashe daban-daban, ciki har da Faransa, Burtaniya, Kanada, Sweden,da Switzerland. Ta yi amfani da bambance-bambancen sunanta da yawa bayan hijira daga Poland da yin aure,ciki har da "Hanna Kali Weynerowski", "Hanna Weynerowski-Kali", "Hanna Gordziałkowski-Weynerowski", "Hanka Weynerowska", da "Hanna Gordziałkowski". Hotunanta kawai an sanya hannu kan Kali.
A cikin 1953 ta ƙaura tare da mijinta zuwa San Francisco, California, inda suka zauna har mutuwarsu.
Ta mutu a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1998 a San Francisco.A cikin wasiyyarta,ta bukaci a tura mata zane-zane 86 zuwa gidan tarihi na Poland a Rapperswil, Switzerland. Hotunan sun ɓace tsawon shekaru goma sha shida har zuwa farkon 2014,lokacin da jami'an FBI suka ziyarci ɗan'uwanta a Santa Rosa, California. Yayan nata ya bayyana cewa 75 daga cikin zane-zanen da suka bata suna wurin ajiyar kaya; aka mayar da su gidan kayan gargajiya.
nune-nunen 1950: Galerie des Garets, Paris, Faransa 1950: London Gallery, London, Ingila 1950: Palais de Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium 1952: Weyhe Gallery, New York, New York, Amurka 1953: São Paulo Art Biennial (Bienal Do Museu De Arte Moderna), São Paulo, Brazil 1955: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, California, US 1963: Gallery 63 Inc., New York, New York, Amurka 2014: Gidan kayan tarihi na Poland, Rapperswil, Switzerland
Nassoshi
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Gallery Hoton Kali daga Gazeta Wyborcza (jarida ta Poland)
Nunin Hanna Weynerowska-Kali a gidan kayan tarihi na Rapperswil Polish
An Gano Hotunan Mawaƙin Haihuwar Yaren mutanen Poland a cikin labarin labarai na Sashin Ma'ajiyar Santa Rosadaga NBC Bay Area
Haifaffun |
50813 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Thayer%20Fisher | Ellen Thayer Fisher | Articles with hCards
Ellen"Nelly"Thayer Fisher(Afrilu 16,1847 Oktoba 15,1911)wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka.Fisher ta baje kolin zane-zanenta a Kwalejin Zane ta Kasada sauran nune-nunen.Ta kasance mai ba da gudummawa mai aiki ga nune-nunen Ƙungiyar Watercolor Society ta Amurka,ta fara a 1872.Bugu da ƙari,ana nuna ta a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da nune-nunen,zane-zane na flora da fauna an sake buga su a matsayin chromolithograph na Boston mawallafi Louis Prang.
Rayuwa ta sirri An haifi Ellen Bowditch Thayer a ranar 16 ga Afrilu,1847,ga William Henry Thayer da Ellen Handerson Thayer na Boston, Massachusetts. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin likitan fiɗa tare da New Hampshire Volunteers a yakin basasar Amurka.Kanenta,Abbott Handerson Thayer ya zama mai zane kuma masanin halitta.Bayan zama a Boston,dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Woodstock,Vermont,kuma a cikin 1855 zuwa Keene,New Hampshire. A shekara ta 1867,sun ƙaura zuwa Brooklyn,New York.
Ellen ta yi aure a ranar 30 ga Yuni,1869, ga Edward Thornton Fisher(Disamba 16, 1836-)Sun zauna a Brooklyn,New York, kuma Ellen na iya yin hayar ɗakin studio a birnin New York.Sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai,Faith (daga baya Mrs.William Wallace Fenn ),Henry,Edward,Richard, Margaret,Reginald,da Eleanor.
Ellen Thayer Fisher ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Oktoba,1911,a Lanesboro,Massachusetts Aikin fasaha Wataƙila Ellen ta koyar da kanta, amma mai yiwuwa ta koyi zane-zane da fasaha daga ƙanenta,mai zane Abbott Handerson Thayer.An hana ta samun samfuran tsiraici saboda jinsinta,ta mai da hankali kan flora da fauna. An fi saninta da launin ruwa.
Fisher ya kasance ɗan takara mai ƙwazo kafin da kuma bayan aurenta a Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Brooklyn(1867-1884),Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Kasa(1868-1880), Kwalejin Pennsylvania(1877,1885) da Ƙungiyar Ruwan Ruwa ta Amirka(1886).
Tsakanin 1884 zuwa 1887,Fisher ya yi aiki ga Louis Prang,wanda kamfaninsa yayi amfani da ayyukanta da na sauran mata masu fasaha don samar da katunan gaisuwa na chromolithograph. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu zane na Alice Ward Bailey's Flower soncies(1889), wanda aka kwatanta da"kyawawan girma", "mai ban sha'awa iri ɗaya ga ido da hankali".
Fisher ya nuna aikinta a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago,Illinois.
Legacy Ayyukanta sun haɗa da tarin ciki har da Heckscher Museum of Art,New York Public Library,Boston Public Library, Huntington Libraryda Sellars Collection of Art ta matan Amirkawa a Indianapolis.Ayyukanta sun haɗa da Poppies a cikin nuni na musamman Lines na Tunani:Ayyukan Amurka akan Takarda daga Tarin Masu zaman kansu(1996-1997)a Florence Griswold Museum,Old Lyme,Connecticut.Ayyukanta na Nesting Bird a cikin Apple Blossoms wani bangare ne na shirin musayar al'adu na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka kuma an nuna shi a Luxembourg a cikin 2001. Ayyukanta Lady Slipper(1878)ta bayyana a cikin nunin 2015-2016 Go Girl a Heckscher Museum of Art.
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24628 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/TT | TT | Ha na iya nufin to:
Hukumomi da kungiyoyi Hukumar lafiya
Hells Angels, ƙungiyar babur
Rashin Gida Australia, ƙungiya mafi ƙanƙanta don mutane marasa gida da ayyuka
'Yan luwadi Ba a san su ba, shirin tsohon ɗan luwadi ne don ma'amala da abubuwan da ba a so
Hukumomin Gidajen Hong Kong
Arts, nishaɗi, da kafofin watsa labarai <i id="mwFw">Ha</i> (Doseone album), a shekarar2005
<i id="mwGg">Ha</i> (Talvin Singh album), a shekarar2002
<i id="mwHQ">Ha!</i> (Kill Joke album), a shekarar1982
"Ha" (waƙa), ta Juvenile
Ha! (Tashar TV), tashar talabijin ta Amurka mai ban dariya
Hamar Arbeiderblad, jaridar Norway
Human Action, littafi ne daga masanin tattalin arzikin Austriya Ludwig von Mises
Kamfanin Jim Henson, wanda aka fi sani da ha!
Harsuna da haruffa Ha (Javanese) wasika a cikin rubutun Javanese
Ha (kana), a cikin rubutun Jafananci na syllabic
ko haruffan Larabci
Harshen Ha, harshen mutanen Ha a gabashin Afirka
Yaren Hausa, lambar ISO acikin639-1 HA
Wurare Ha, Bhutan
Ha, Norway
Ha Gorge, Girka
Yankin lambar lambar HA, ƙungiyar gundumomin gidan waya na Ingilishi a arewa maso yammacin London
Henan, lardin China (Guobiao taƙaice HA)
Kimiyya da fasaha
Kimiyya Hahnium, wani kashi yanzu ake kira Dubnium
Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acid), tsarin carbohydrate
Hydroxylapatite, ma'adinai
Magani Hyperandrogenic anovulation, wanda kuma ake kira polycystic ovary syndrome
Damuwa da lafiya (HA) ko hypochondriasis (hypochondria)
Hemagglutinin (mura) (HA), glycoprotein antigenic daga ƙwayoyin cutar mura
Hemagglutination assay, auna ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta
Sauran amfani a kimiyya da fasaha ha (prefix aiki) (rabi), prefix don wasu ayyukan trigonometric a lissafi
Hartree, atomic unit na makamashi
Hekta (ha), yanki na yanki
Hectoampere, naúrar wutar lantarki
Babban samuwa, ƙirar tsarin da aiwatarwa tare da ra'ayi don haɓaka sabis
Kwancen sa’a, a cikin ilmin taurari, ɗaya daga cikin masu daidaita tsarin daidaitawa na daidaitawa
H wani, ko madadin jarrabawa, a ilimin kididdiga gwaji
Sunayen sunaye Ha (sunan mahaifi na kasar Sin) wanda aka samo a cikin Sunayen Sunaye Dari
Ha (sunan mahaifi na Koriya) ko Sunan Hà, Vietnamese
Samun Hạ asalin sunan farko
Xia (sunan mahaifi) wanda aka yiwa romanized kamar Ha a cikin Cantonese, Yaren Koriya da Vietnamese
Sufuri British Rail Class 71, locomotive (nau'in nau'in HA a ƙarƙashin shirin pre-TOPS na Yankin Kudancin)
Kamfanin jirgin sama na Hawaiian (mai tsara IATA HA)
Hukumar Babbar Hanya, ko (HA), tsohon sunan Highways England, wani ɓangare na Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Ingila
Sauran amfani Ha (mythology)
Ha, ɗaya daga cikin alloli Heng da Ha
Ha mutane, mutanen Tanzaniya
Appantice Hospitalman, Daraktan Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka
Duba kuma Hai (disambiguation)
Haha (rashin fahimta)
Yana da |
33112 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doyin%20Okupe | Doyin Okupe | Adedoyin Ajibike Okupe (an haife shi 22 Maris 1952), wanda aka fi sani da Dr. Doyin Okupe, likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Royal Cross kuma shi ne Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na National Republican Convention (NRC). An taɓa tsare shi a ƙarƙashin Janar Sani Abacha, kuma daga baya an hana shi shiga takara a zaɓen fidda gwani na United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP); daga baya, ya kasance ɗan takarar gwamna a jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a jihar Ogun.
organizationDoyin Okupe
Okupe ya kasance mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin yaɗa labarai da wayar da kan shugaban ƙasa Olusegun Obasanjo da kuma babban mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin jama’a ga shugaba Goodluck Jonathan.
Fage An haife shi a ranar 22 ga Maris 1952 a Iperu a Jihar Ogun ta Najeriya, Okupe ɗane ga Cif Matthew Adekoya Okupe, wanda ma’aikacin banki ne a bankin Agbonmagbe ‘Yan uwansa su ne Kunle Okupe, Owo Okupe, Wemi Okupe da Larry Okupe, sai ‘yan uwansa mata Aina Okanlawon da Bisola Ayeni. Ya halarci Makarantar St. Jude da ke Ebute Metta a Legas, Kwalejin Igbobi da ke Yaba Legas da Jami'ar Ibadan da ke Ibadan a Jihar Oyo Sana'a Duk da cewa Okupe likita ne, amma kuma yana taka rawa a siyasar jam’iyya Ya taɓa zama mawallafin jaridar lafiya mai suna Life Mirror.
Aikin likita Okupe ya yi aiki na wasu shekaru a asibitocin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, ciki har da asibitin St. Nicholas, Legas, kafin ya kafa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Royal Cross (wanda aka fi sani da Royal Cross Hospital) a Obalende, Legas, tare da abokan aikinsa, Dokta Seyi Roberts da Dr. Ladi Okuboyejo. Ya kasance Manajan Darakta (MD) na Royal Cross Medical Center. A cewar Olusegun Osoba a wata hira da ya yi da jaridar The Nation a watan Yulin 2019 da jaridar The Nation (Nigeria), a daren ranar 23 ga watan Agustan 1994, Okupe da Dokta Seyi Roberts sun ceci ran mai tsaron ƙofarsa daga harbin bindiga da suka yi a kai.
Sana'ar siyasa A lokacin Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta Biyu, Okupe ya kasance ɗan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam’iyyar NPN a zaɓen 1983 na ‘yan majalisar dokokin Najeriya A Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta Uku, Okupe ya zama Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na National Republican Convention (NRC). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wakilan NRC da suka lura da tattara sakamakon zaɓen shugaban ƙasar Najeriya na 1993 a hedkwatar hukumar zaɓe ta ƙasa Gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Janar Sani Abacha ta tsare Okupe a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1996. Daga baya, a watan Maris 1998, a lokacin shirin miƙa mulki na Abacha, yana cikin yan siyasar da aka hana shiga zaɓen fidda gwani na United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP). Olusegun Adeniyi (2005). "Chapter 3: The Ides of March March 1, 1998" A zuwan jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Najeriya a halin yanzu, an naɗa Okupe mataimaki na musamman kan harkokin yaɗa labarai da wayar da kan shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo. Daga baya, a shekarar 2002, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu neman tsayawa takarar gwamna a jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party (PDP) a jihar Ogun, kuma ya kasance babban ɗan takara tare da Gbenga Daniel A shekarar 2012, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya naɗa Okupe a matsayin babban mai taimaka masa na musamman kan harkokin jama’a. Okupe ya kasance mai yaɗa labarai a lokuta daban-daban ga masu neman takarar shugabancin Najeriya a PDP, ciki har da Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan, Bukola Saraki da Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa Atiku Abubakar A watan Yulin 2017, ya bayyana matakinsa na barin PDP ya koma jam’iyyar Accord Party, amma saboda ya amince ya zama shugaban kwamitin yaƙin neman zaben Bukola Saraki a zaɓen fidda gwani na shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar PDP na 2019, jam’iyyar Accord ta kore shi. a watan Satumba 2018. Daga nan ya koma PDP, kuma ya zama mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Atiku Abubakar, ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP a zaɓen shugaban Ƙasar Najeriya na 2019.
Rayuwa ta sirri Okupe ya auri Aduralere Okupe. Ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yansu Ditan Okupe. Yayin da Okupe ya goyi bayan ɗan takarar PDP, Atiku Abubakar a zaɓen Najeriya na 2019, dan shi Ditan ya goyi bayan Muhammadu Buhari A cikin Mayu 2020, an ba da rahoton cewa Okupe da matarsa, Aduralere sun gwada ingancin COVID-19 a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 2020 kuma sun murmure. A cikin Janairu 2021, dansa, Bolu Okupe, mazaunin Paris, ya fito a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi a shafinsa na Instagram.
Rigingimu da ƙararraki A watan Agustan 2012 ne aka ruwaito cewa Okupe da kamfanoninsa sun fuskanci Hukumar Yaƙi da yi wa Tattalin Arzikin ƙasa Ta’annati (EFCC) da laifin ƙin aiwatar da kwangilolin gina tituna da aka bai wa kamfanoninsa a shekarar 2004 da Jihar Binuwai da kuma a 2005 ta Jihar Imo Daga ƙarshe dai an cimma matsaya da jihar Imo, yayin da aka warware matsalar jihar Binuwai ta hanyar yin sulhu A watan Yulin 2016, an yi zargin cewa, Naira miliyan 702 daga cikin dala biliyan 2 da aka wa wure a cikin dala biliyan 2 na sayen makamai ko kuma Dasukigate a ofishin mai ba shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kanar Sambo Dasuki, EFCC ta gano Okupe. A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 2019, EFCC ta gurfanar da Okupe a gaban wata babbar kotun tarayya da ke Abuja a kan tuhume-tuhume 59 da suka haɗa da karkatar da kuɗaɗe zuwa naira miliyan 702.
Manazarta Haifaffun 1952
Rayayyun mutane
Ƴan siyasan Najeriya
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
19721 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Azeez%20Kolawole%20Adeyemo | Abdul Azeez Kolawole Adeyemo | Alhaji Abdul Azeez Kolawole Adeyemo (An haife shi ne a ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1941 ya mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Maris, na shekara ta 2002), ya kasan ce shi ne wanda aka fi sani da 'Alhaji how are you', (Alhaji yaya kake) ɗan Najeriya ne kuma fitaccen ɗan siyasar Yarbawa. An haife shi a Ado-Ekiti babban birnin jihar Ekiti dane ga Sir. Rufai Adeyemo Princess Adebolarin Agunsoye. Ya girma a matsayin Katolika a lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka, daga baya ya musulunta. Ya zama dan siyasa tun farkon aikin sa. Ya shiga kamfen din Yamma na Egbe Omo Oduduwa wanda Cif Jeremiah Obafemi Awolowo ya kafa Ya kuma kasance dan gaba-gaba a kungiyar siyasa ta Action Group wacce daga baya ta koma kungiyar Unity Party of Nigeria. Babban abin da ya bari shi ne tabbatar da dimokiradiyya da kyakkyawan shugabanci a bayan Najeriya mai 'yanci.
Tarihi da rayuwar Siyasa Malami, mai fenti, dan kasuwa mai nasara, kuma mai iya magana ne wanda ya fara rike mukaminsa na siyasa na farko a Jamhuriya ta Biyu a matsayin dan majalisa a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban, shekara ta 1979, lokacin da aka rantsar |da Alhaji Shehu Shagari]] a matsayin Shugaban farar hula na farko kuma Kwamanda- a-Chief na Tarayyar Najeriya Daga baya Manjo Janar Muhammadu Buhari ya cire gwamnatin daga mulki a jajibirin Sabuwar Shekara ta 1984.
Alhaji A.A.K Adeyemo ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin Manajan Kamfen a nasarar gwamnatin gajeriyar rayuwa ta Evangelist Bamidele Olumilua, Gwamnan tsohuwar jihar Ondo daga 1991 zuwa 1993 a karkashin inuwar Social Democratic Party (Nigeria) Daga baya ya yi aiki a waccan gwamnatin a matsayin Kodinetan Majalissar Dokokin Jihar Ondo Jami'in tuntuba. Babbar matsalar da ta toshe hanyar tafiyar da Najeriya ta fuskar zamantakewar al'umma, tattalin arziki da siyasa ita ce ta shugaban kasa na mulkin soja, Ibrahim Babangida, a kan soke zaben shugaban kasa da aka yi a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 1993, wanda Cif Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola ya lashe a cikin gaskiya da adalci zabe. Rushewar hade da rusa jam’iyyun siyasa koyaushe ya haifar da mutuwar gwamnatin farar hula a duk jihohin da ke fadin tarayyar Najeriya. Har yanzu, burin Nijeriya na mulkin mallaka na demokraɗiyya wanda 'how are you' ya kasance mai cikakken sadaukarwa an yanke shi a cikin wani ƙaramin yanayi na rashin kulawa da son rai; adalci ya kasance mai lalacewa ga alama da alama ta zargi.
Dattijon jaha Alhaji Adeyemo ya kuma kasance sanannen shugaban kungiyar PAN ta Yarbawa ta Tattaunawa da aka fi sani da Afenifere Ya kuma taka rawa wajen kirkirar jihar Ekiti a watan Oktoba, 1996. Bayan maido da mulkin dimokiradiyya a karshen shekarun 1990 jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar ba-zata da ba-sani-ba-tsammani na mulkin soja Janar Sani Abacha, Alhaji Adeyemo ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin siyasa kuma ya ɗauki matsayin 'Ubangida' saboda lamuransa. na tasiri a cikin faɗin siyasa da oligarchy Wannan ya nuna ta rashin rawar da yake takawa a burin siyasa na Otunba Adeniyi Adebayo a matsayin zababben Gwamna na farko, Jihar Ekiti, a karkashin kungiyar Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria), a 1999.
Jerin sunayen kawancen siyasarsa sun hada da Samuel Adekunle Ajasin JP, Alhaji Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, Alhaji Baba Gana Kingibe, Cif Olu Falae, Janar Adeyinka Adebayo, Evangelist Bamidele Olumilua, Olusegun Kokumo Agagu, Alhaji Abdulkadir Balarabe Musa, Pa Abraham Adesanya, TY Danjuma, Alhaji Bamanga Tukur, Otunba Reuben Famuyibo, Adebayo Adefarati, Ebenezer Babatope, da Cif Bola Ige da sauransu.
Ragewa 'Alhaji yaya kake' ya mutu a asibiti a ranar 12 ga watan Maris, na shekara ta 2002, bayan an garzaya da shi zuwa asibiti sakamakon cutar hawan jini da ya dade yana fama da shi sakamakon wata cuta da ya dade yana fama da ita.
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20589 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza%20al-Mustapha | Hamza al-Mustapha | Hamza al-Mustapha (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Yulin, shekarata alif 1960), babban hafsan sojan Najeriya ne kuma jami’in leƙen asiri wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami’in tsaro ga mai mulkin soja Janar Sani Abacha daga shekarar alif 1993 zuwa shekarar alif 1998.
Rayuwar farko Hamza al-Mustapha an haife shi kuma yayi karatu a garin Nguru. Ya yi rajista a asirce a matsayin jami'in jami'a, a Makarantar Koyon Tsaro ta Najeriya kuma an ba shi izini a cikin Sojojin Najeriya a matsayin Laftana ta biyu Aikin soja Daga watan Agustan shekarar alif 1985, zuwa watan Agusta shekara alif 1990, Al-Mustapha ya kasance Mataimakin-de-Camp (ADC) din Shugaban hafsan soji, Janar Sani Abacha. Duk shugaban sa da kuma shugaban kasa, Janar Ibrahim Babangida yana da cikakkiyar dogaro da iyawarsa, kuma sun damka masa wasu iko na daban, wadanda suka fi sauran jami'an da suka fi shi girma. Wannan ya kara nuna shi a matsayin mai karfin fada aji na soja.
Jami'in leken asirin soja An horar da Al-Mustapha a matsayin jami’in leken asiri na soja. Ya rike mukamai daban-daban na kwamandoji a Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, Kungiyar Tsaro ta Daraktan Leken Asirin Sojoji (SG-DMI), Runduna ta 82 da Hedikwatar Soja Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Fadar Shugaban Kasa Hakanan ya kasance cikin ayyukan ɓoye-bayanan sirri da aƙalla bincike biyu na yunƙurin juyin mulki; yadda yake gudanar da tambayoyi ya kawo shi ga Janar Sani Abacha. ya kuma gudanar da ayyuka a kasashen Chadi, Laberiya, Bakassi, Gambiya da Saliyo Zamanin Abacha
Gabobin ta'addanci An nada Al-Mustapha a matsayin Babban Jami'in Tsaro na Shugaban kasa (CSOHoS) tare da Rikicin Soja na Musamman a lokacin mulkin soja na Abacha (a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1993 zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Yuni shekara ta alif 1998). Sauran kayan tsaro a lokacin su ne Ofishin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro a karkashin Ismaila Gwarzo Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Kasa Daraktan Leken Asiri na Soja da kuma Hukumar Tsaron Jiha duk a karkashin al-Mustapha. Duk waɗannan rukunoni suna aikata kisan gilla ga mutanen da ake gani suna barazana ga tsarin mulki. Bayan an nada shi shugaban tsaro, Al-Mustapha ya kafa wasu kananan kayan tsaro wadanda aka debo daga sojoji da sauran kungiyoyin tsaro kuma aka horar da su a Isra’ila da Koriya ta Arewa Mai bai wa shugaban kasa shawara kan harkokin tsaro Ismaila Gwarzo da al-Mustapha ne aka ce su ke da alhakin yawancin “azabtarwa, kisa da satar dukiya” a lokacin mulkin Abacha. Al-Mustapha ya sanya irin wannan tsoron har ana cewa shi mala'ika ne na mashin din ta'addanci, tare da janar-janar na soja da 'yan siyasa ke tsoron sa baki daya.
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Al-Mustapha ya lura da sake tsarin yankin baki daya na Najeriya zuwa shiyyoyi shida na siyasa, a cikin wannan ya samar da tarin 'yan leken asiri da masu ba da labarai a fadin tarayyar;
Arewa ta Tsakiya Jihar Benuwai, da Kogi, da Kwara, da Nasarawa, da Neja, da Filato da Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya Arewa Maso Gabas Jihar Adamawa, da Bauchi, da Borno, da Gombe, da Taraba da Yobe Arewa maso Yamma Jihar Jigawa, da Jihar Kaduna, da Kano, da Katsina, da Kebbi, da Sokoto da Zamfara Kudu maso Gabas Jihar Abia, da Anambra, da Ebonyi, da Enugu, da Imo Kudu Ta Kudu Jihar Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo da Ribas Kudu maso Yamma Jihar Ekiti, da Lagos, da Ogun, da Ondo, da Osun da kuma Oyo Al-Mustapha ya kuma taka rawa wajen tsara farfaganda ta gwamnati da kuma ba da tallafi na Jiha ga Kungiyar Matasa ta Neman Abacha, wanda ya shirya Rikicin Mutum Miliyan 2 don nuna goyon baya ga Abacha. Ya kuma samu nasarar tsoratar da dukkan bangarorin siyasa wajen amincewa da Abacha a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa tilo.
Canja mulki A watan Yunin shekarar alif 1998, bayan mutuwar Abacha, ba tare da bata lokaci ba aka cire al-Mustapha daga mukaminsa ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya karkashin jagorancin Janar Abdulsalam Abubakar Kamawa da shiga ciki
Kama Bayan kamun nasa, da farko an tsare al-Mustapha kuma an yi masa tambayoyi a lokacin taron Oputa, sannan aka zarge shi da shirya akalla juyin mulki sau hudu daga gidan yari, kafin a koma da shi zuwa Kurkukun Kirikiri na Mafi Girma, inda aka azabtar da shi sama da shekara guda. Ya kasance cikin sarƙoƙi da tsare kansa shi kaɗai har tsawon shekara guda, an yarda da ƙoƙon ruwa kawai a kowace rana kuma yana fuskantar azabtar da hankali. Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun wawure masa gidaje na zaman kansa da ke Abuja, Kano da Yobe, an kona kayan wasan yaransa a gabansa don sanya tsoro, danginsa suna fuskantar barazana mai yawa, kuma a duk lokacin da yake aikin an bar shi ya ga iyayensa sau biyu kawai wanda daga baya ya mutu. A watan Mayu na 2011, akwai jita-jita cewa an kashe al-Mustapha a Kurkukun Babban Gida na Tsaro inda ake tsare da shi, amma wadannan ba su da gaskiya.
Kashewa A shekara ta 2007, an yi roko don a saki al Mustapha ciki har da daga tsohon shugaban kasa na mulkin soja, Ibrahim Babangida A ranar 21 ga watan Disambar shekara ta pp 2010, an wanke al-Mustapha da sauran wadanda ake tuhuma da mafi yawan laifuka. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wanke al-Mustapha daga zargin kisan Kudirat Abiola ba. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an sake shigar da karar. Hamza Al-Mustapha da abokin kararsa Lateef Sofolahan sun ba da shaidar rashin laifinsu game da tuhumar kisan kai. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, daga baya Babbar Kotun Legas ta samu al-Mustapha da aikata kisan kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Kotun daukaka kara a Legas ta soke hukuncin babbar kotun tare da wanke al-Mustapha daga dukkan tuhumar kisan Kudirat Abiola. A yayin shari’ar ta shekara goma sha biyar, al-Mustapha ya bayyana a gaban alkalai daban-daban goma sha uku da magistoti biyu.
Saki daga horo Bayan sakinsa, al-Mustapha ya koma Kano A watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, Gwamnatin Jihar Legas ta shigar da kara zuwa Kotun Koli ta Najeriya, don kotun koli ta tabbatar da hukuncin da ya gabata ta hanyar rataya hukuncin da Babbar Kotun ta yanke. A shekara ta 2017, ya shiga siyasar bangaranci tare da karfin gwiwar matasa da talakawa da ya kafa Green Party of Nigeria (GPN), daga baya ya zama dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam’iyyar Peoples Party of Nigeria (PPN) yayin zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 Tuhuma
Niyyar kisa A watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1998, an tuhume shi da kisan Kudirat Abiola na watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1996, matar dan takarar shugaban kasa MKO Abiola (wanda ya mutu a kurkuku a watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1998). A wajen shari’ar wanda ya yi kisan, Sajan Barnabas Jabila, ya ce yana biyayya ga umarni daga babban sa, al-Mustapha. An kuma tuhumi Al Mustapha da wasu mutum hudu da yunkurin kisan kai a shekara ta alif 1996, Alex Ibru, mawallafin jaridar The Guardian da kuma Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Abacha. An sake tuhumar al-Mustapha da yunkurin kisan tsohon Shugaban Sojojin Ruwa Isaac Porbeni Yunkurin kashe Obasanjo A ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2004, an tuhume shi da hannu a wani yunkuri na kifar da gwamnati. Wai ya hada baki da wasu ne suka harbo helikofta dauke da Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo ta amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama wanda aka shigo da shi kasar daga Benin Azabtar ta mata A bisa umarnin Uwargidan shugaban kasa Maryam Abacha, an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da tsarewa da azabtar da wasu mata da ake zargi budurwar Abacha ce.
Safarar miyagun kwayoyi A matsayinsa na shugaban hukumar tsaro ta farin kaya (SSS), an kuma tuhumi al-Mustapha da hannu a fataucin muggan kwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da jaka ta diflomasiyya wajen safarar magungunan.
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Yajin aiki Force Vs Maj. Mustapha Hamza Oputa Panel
Manjo Mustapha cikin fushi yayi Magana game da Mutuwar Cif MKO Abiola Oputa Panel
Manazarta Sojojin Najeriya
Mutanen jihar Yobe
Rayayyun mutane
Haifaffun 1960
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25433 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamba | Lamba | Lamba abu ne na lissafi da ake amfani da shi don ƙidaya, auna, da kuma lakabi. Misalai na asali sune lambobi na halitta 1, 2, 3, 4, da sauransu. Ana iya wakilta lambobi cikin harshe tare da kalmomin lamba Ƙari a duniya, ana iya wakilta lambobi ɗaya ta hanyar alamomi, da ake kira lambobi misali, "5" lamba ce da ke wakiltar lamba biyar. Kamar yadda kawai ƙananan adadin alamomin za a iya haddace su, ƙananan lambobi yawanci ana tsara su a cikin tsarin lambobi, wanda hanya ce mai tsari don wakiltar kowace lamba. Mafi yawan tsarin lambobi shine tsarin lambobi na Hindu-Larabci, wanda ke ba da izinin wakilcin kowane lamba ta amfani da haɗuwa da alamomin ƙididdiga guda goma, da ake kira lambobi. Baya ga amfani da su wajen kirgawa da aunawa, ana amfani da lambobi sau da yawa don lakabi (kamar yadda suke da lambobin tarho don yin oda (kamar yadda tare da lambobin serial da kuma lambobin (kamar yadda suke da ISBNs). A cikin amfanin gama-gari, lamba ba ta bambanta a fili da lambar da take wakilta ba.
A cikin ilimin lissafi, an tsawaita ra'ayin lamba a cikin ƙarni don haɗawa da sifili (0), lambobi mara kyau, lambobi masu ma'ana kamar rabi ɗaya. lambobi na ainihi kamar tushen murabba'in 2 da da lambobi masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke tsawaita ainihin lambobi tare da tushen murabba'i na−1 (da haɗe-haɗe tare da lambobi na ainihi ta ƙara ko rage yawan adadinsa). Ana yin ƙididdigewa tare da lambobi tare da ayyukan lissafi, wanda aka fi sani da ƙari shine ƙari, raguwa, ninkawa, rarrabawa, da ƙari. Nazarin su ko amfani da su ana kiran su lissafi, kalma wanda kuma yana iya komawa zuwa ka'idar lamba, nazarin kaddarorin lambobi.
Bayan amfaninsu na amfani, lambobi suna da mahimmancin al'adu a duk faɗin duniya. Misali, a cikin al'ummar Yamma, ana ɗaukar lamba 13 a matsayin rashin sa'a, kuma "miliyan" na iya nuna "mai yawa" maimakon ainihin adadi. Ko da yake yanzu ana ɗaukarsa azaman pseudoscience, imani da mahimmancin sufi na lambobi, wanda aka sani da numerology, ya mamaye tunanin da da na da. Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban ilimin lissafi na Girkanci, yana ƙarfafa binciken matsalolin da yawa a ka'idar lamba waɗanda har yanzu suna da sha'awa a yau. A cikin karni na 19, masu ilmin lissafi sun fara haɓaka ƙididdiga daban-daban waɗanda ke raba wasu kaddarorin lambobi, kuma ana iya ganin su suna faɗaɗa ra'ayi. Daga cikin na farko akwai lambobin hypercomplex, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban ko gyare-gyare na tsarin lambobi masu rikitarwa A cikin ilimin lissafi na zamani, ana ɗaukar tsarin lambobi masu mahimmanci misalai na musamman na ƙarin tsarin algebra gaba ɗaya kamar zobba da filayen, kuma aikace-aikacen kalmar "lambar" lamari ne na al'ada, ba tare da mahimmancin mahimmanci ba.
Tarihi
Lambobi Ya kamata a bambanta lambobi daga lambobi, alamomin da ake amfani da su don wakiltar lambobi. Masarawa sun ƙirƙiro tsarin ƙididdiga na farko, kuma Girkawa sun bi taswirar ƙidayar su akan haruffan Ionian da Doric. Lambobin Roman, tsarin da ya yi amfani da haɗin haruffa daga haruffan Roman, ya kasance mafi rinjaye a Turai har zuwa yaduwar tsarin lambobi mafi girma na Hindu-Larabci a kusa da ƙarshen karni na 14, kuma tsarin lambobi na Hindu-Larabci ya kasance mafi yawan tsarin wakilci don wakiltar. lambobi a duniya a yau. Makullin tasirin tsarin shine alamar sifili, wanda tsoffin masana lissafin Indiya suka haɓaka a kusa da 500 AD.
Amfani da lambobi na farko An gano kasusuwa da sauran kayan tarihi tare da yanke alamomin da mutane da yawa suka yi imani da alama tally ne. Wataƙila an yi amfani da waɗannan alamomin don kirga lokacin da suka wuce, kamar adadin kwanaki, zagayowar wata ko adana bayanai na adadi, kamar na dabbobi.
Tsarin ƙididdigewa ba shi da ra'ayi na ƙimar wuri (kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga na zamani), wanda ke iyakance wakilcin adadi masu yawa. Duk da haka, ana ɗaukar tsarin ƙididdigewa a matsayin nau'in tsarin ƙididdiga na farko.
Tsarin da aka sani na farko tare da ƙimar wuri shine tushen Mesopotamiya<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwhQ"> </span>tsarin 60 BC) da kuma sansani na farko 10 tsarin kwanakin zuwa 3100 BC a Misira.
Sifili Sanin farko da aka rubuta amfani da kwanakin sifili zuwa AD 628, kuma ya bayyana a cikin Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, babban aikin masanin lissafin Indiya Brahmagupta. Ya yi magani 0 a matsayin lamba kuma sun tattauna ayyukan da suka haɗa da shi, gami da rarraba. A wannan lokacin (7th karni) manufar ta kai ga Cambodia a matsayin lambobin Khmer, kuma bayanai sun nuna ra'ayin daga baya ya yadu zuwa kasar Sin da kasashen musulmi.
Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta na Brahmagupta shine littafi na farko da ya ambaci sifili a matsayin lamba, don haka Brahmagupta yawanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin farkon wanda ya tsara manufar sifili. Ya ba da ka'idojin amfani da sifili tare da lambobi marasa kyau da masu kyau, kamar "sifili da lambar tabbatacce ita ce lamba mai kyau, kuma lambar mara kyau da sifili ita ce mummunan lamba." Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta shine rubutun farko da aka sani don ɗaukar sifili azaman lamba a kansa, maimakon a matsayin kawai lamba mai riƙewa a wakiltar wata lamba kamar yadda Babila suka yi ko kuma a matsayin alama don ƙarancin yawa kamar yadda Ptolemy ya yi kuma Romawa.
Amfani da 0 a matsayin lamba ya kamata a bambanta daga amfani da shi azaman adadin ma'auni a tsarin ƙimar wuri An yi amfani da litattafai na dā da yawa 0. Nassosin Babila da na Masar sun yi amfani da shi. Masarawa sun yi amfani da kalmar nfr don nuna sifili ma'auni a cikin lissafin shiga biyu. Rubutun Indiya sun yi amfani da kalmar Sanskrit ko don komawa ga manufar banza A cikin rubutun lissafi wannan kalma sau da yawa tana nufin lamba sifili. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, Pāṇini (ƙarni na 5 BC) ya yi amfani da ma'aikacin null (sifili) a cikin Ashtadhyayi, misali na farko na nahawu na algebra don harshen Sanskrit (kuma duba Pingala Akwai sauran amfani da sifili kafin Brahmagupta, kodayake takaddun ba su cika kamar yadda yake a cikin Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta Bayanai sun nuna cewa Girkawan zamanin da ba su da tabbas game da matsayin 0 a matsayin lamba: sun tambayi kansu "ta yaya 'babu' zai zama wani abu?" haifar da ban sha'awa falsafa da kuma, ta hanyar Medieval zamani, addini muhawara game da yanayi da wanzuwar 0 da vacuum. Paradoxes na Zeno na Elea sun dogara da wani sashi akan fassarar rashin tabbas na 0. (Tsohon Helenawa ma sun yi tambaya ko 1 ya kasance lamba.)
Marigayi Olmec na kudancin tsakiyar Mexico sun fara amfani da alamar sifili, harsashi glyph, a cikin Sabuwar Duniya, mai yiwuwa a 4th century BC amma tabbas ta hanyar 40. BC, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na lambobi na Maya da kalandar Maya. Mayan lissafin da aka yi amfani da tushe 4 da gindi 5 an rubuta azaman tushe 20. George I. Sánchez a cikin 1961 ya ba da rahoton tushe 4 ,baza 5 "yatsa" abacus. A shekara ta 130 AD, Ptolemy, wanda Hipparchus da Babila suka rinjaye shi, yana amfani da alamar 0 (ƙaramin da'ira mai tsayi mai tsayi) a cikin tsarin lambobi na jima'i in ba haka ba ta amfani da lambobin haruffa na Helenanci. Domin an yi amfani da shi shi kaɗai, ba a matsayin mai riƙe da wuri kawai ba, wannan sifili na Hellenistic shine farkon rubuce-rubucen amfani da sifilin gaskiya a cikin Tsohuwar Duniya. A cikin rubuce-rubucen Byzantine daga baya na Syntaxis Mathematica Almagest sifilin Hellenistic ya rikiɗe zuwa harafin Helenanci Omicron (in ba haka ba ma'ana). 70).
An yi amfani da wani sifili na gaskiya a cikin tebur tare da lambobin Roman ta 525 (wanda Dionysius Exigus yayi amfani da shi na farko), amma a matsayin kalma, ma'ana ba komai, ba a matsayin alama ba. Lokacin da aka samar 0 a matsayin saura, kuma ba ma'anar komai ba, an yi amfani da shi. Wadannan sifilai na tsakiya duk masu kwamfutoci na gaba (masu ƙididdigewa na Easter sun yi amfani da su. An yi amfani da keɓantaccen amfani da farkon su, N, a cikin tebur na lambobi na Romawa ta Bede ko abokin aiki kusan 725, alamar sifili na gaskiya.
Manazarta Tobias Dantzig, Lamba, harshen kimiyya; Wani bincike mai mahimmanci da aka rubuta don wanda ba masanin lissafi ba, New York, Kamfanin Macmillan, 1930. <span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>bace</span> Erich Friedman, Menene na musamman game da wannan lambar? Archived Steven Galovich, Gabatarwa ga Tsarin Lissafi, Harcourt Brace Javanovich, 1989, Paul Halmos, Naive Set Theory, Springer, 1974, Morris Kline, Tunanin Lissafi daga Tsohuwar Zuwa Zamani, Jami'ar Oxford Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0195061352
Alfred North Whitehead da Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica zuwa *56, Jami'ar Cambridge University Press, 1910. <span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>bace</span> Leo Cory, Takaitaccen Tarihin Lambobi, Jami'ar Oxford Press, 2015, Alƙaluma
Lambobi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
50196 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Bayyana%20Kyau | An Bayyana Kyau | An Bayyana Beauty Hoton kai ne na shekarar 1828 na 'yar wasan Amurka Sarah Goodridge,ɗan ƙaramin hoto mai launin ruwa akan guntun hauren giwa.Nuna kawai ƙirjin mai zane wanda ke kewaye da farin zane, zanen,wanda aka samo asali da takarda, yanzu yana cikin tsarin zamani. Goodridge,mai shekaru arba'in lokacin da ta kammala ƙaramar,tana nuna ƙirjin da suka bayyana cike da "ma'auni,kodadde,da buoyancy"ta hanyar jituwa na haske,launi,da ma'auni.Tufafin da ke kewaye yana jawo mai kallo don mayar da hankali a kansu,wanda ke haifar da "share"jiki.
Goodridge taba da hoton ga dan majalisa Daniel Webster,wanda ya kasance batun akai-akai kuma mai yiwuwa mai ƙauna,bayan mutuwar matarsa; Watakila ta yi niyyar tsokanar shi ya aure ta. Kodayake Webster ya auri wani,danginsa sun riƙe hoton har zuwa 1980s,lokacin da aka yi gwanjonsa a Christie's kuma Gloria da Richard Manney suka samu a 1981.Ma'auratan sun ba da gudummawa ko sayar da ƙananan tarin kayan fasaha na su,ciki har da Beauty Revealed, zuwa Gidan kayan gargajiya na Metropolitan a 2006.
Bayani da mahallin Beauty Revealed Hoton kai ne ta Sarah Goodridge, wanda ke kwatanta nonon da ba a san shi ba, nonuwa masu ruwan hoda, da alamar kyau.Ana gabatar da waɗannan a cikin launi na gradation, suna ba da sakamako mai girma uku. Ko da yake Goodridge ta cika shekara arba'in lokacin da ta zana wannan ƙaramar,a cewar mai sukar fasaha Chris Packard ƙirjinta kamar ƙanana ce, tare da "ma'auni, kodadde,da buoyancy" wanda ke cike da daidaituwar haske,launi, da daidaituwa. An tsara ƙirjin da wani shuɗi,wanda a cikin sassa yana nuna haske. an saita zane a cikin akwati; An fara shigar da shi a kan takardar goyon baya wanda ke da kwanan wata "1828"a baya. Aikin shine zanen launi na ruwa akan hauren giwa, bakin ciki isa haske don haskakawa ta haka yana ba da damar ƙirjin da aka kwatanta su "haske". Wannan matsakaicin ya kasance gama gari ga ƙananan ƙanana na Amurka, amma a cikin wannan yanayin kuma ya zama misalin naman da aka gabatar akansa.
An Kammala Beauty Revealed a lokacin shaharar ɗan ƙaramin hoto, matsakaicin da aka gabatar a Amurka a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18.A lokacin da Goodridge ta kammala hoton kanta, ƙananan abubuwa sun ƙaru cikin sarƙaƙƙiya da rawar jiki. Timeline of Art History Heilbrunn ya bayyana Beauty Revealed a matsayin wasa a kan kananan ido wanda a lokacin suka shahara a matsayin alamun soyayya a Ingila da Faransa, amma ba kowa ba ne a Amurka. Irin waɗannan ƙananan abubuwa sun ba da damar masu son ɗaukar hotuna na ƙaunatattun su ba tare da bayyana ainihin masu zama ba.
Tarihi Goodridge ta kasance ƙwararren 'yar zanen hoto na tushen Boston wanda ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Gilbert Stuart da Elkanah Tisdale. Tana da haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da Daniel Webster,ɗan siyasa wanda ya fara ayyuka a matsayin Sanata daga Massachusetts a 1827. Webster ya aika mata da wasiku sama da arba’in a tsakanin shekara ta 1827 zuwa 1851,kuma da shigewar lokaci, gaisuwarsa zuwa gare ta ta zama sananne; Wasikunsa na ƙarshe sun aike da su zuwa ga "Masoyi, abokina", wanda bai dace da salon rubutun da ya saba ba. Ita, a halin yanzu, ta zana masa fenti fiye da goma sha biyu kuma ta bar garinsu na Boston don ziyarce shi a Washington, DC aƙalla sau biyu,sau ɗaya a cikin 1828 bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko da kuma a cikin 1841–42,lokacin da Webster ya rabu.daga matarsa ta biyu.
Goodridge ta kammala Beauty Bayyana a 1828,mai yiwuwa daga kallon kanta a cikin madubi. An ba da misalin ayyuka da yawa a matsayin abubuwan da za su iya ƙarfafawa, ciki har da John Vanderlyn 's Ariadne Barci a Tsibirin Naxos da Horatio Greenough 's sculpture Venus Victrix. Goodridge ta aika da hotonta zuwa Webster lokacin da take sabon gwauruwa, kuma, dangane da ƙaramin tsari, mai yiwuwa an yi nufinsa ne kawai don Masanin fasaha na Amurka John Updike ya nuna cewa mai zane ya yi niyyar ba da kansa ga Webster; Ya rubuta cewa bama-baman ƙirjin sun bayyana suna cewa "Mu naku ne don ɗaukar,a cikin duk ƙaunar da muke yi na hauren giwa, da nonuwanmu masu tausasawa". Daga ƙarshe,duk da haka,Webster ya auri wata mace mai arziki.
Bayan mutuwar Webster, Beauty Revealed ta ci gaba da mika shi daga danginsa,tare da wani hoton kansa da Goodridge ta aika masa. Zuriyar 'yan siyasar sun yarda cewa Goodridge da Webster sun yi aure.A ƙarshe an yi gwanjon zanen ta hanyar Christie's, tare da jerin farashin $15,000, kuma ya wuce ta Alexander Gallery na New York daga baya a waccan shekarar kafin masu tarawa na New York Gloria Manney da mijinta Richard su saya. Ma'auratan sun haɗa da Beauty Revealed a cikin nunin "Tokens of Love:The Portrait Miniature in America" a cikin 1991, wanda ya zagaya da Gidan Tarihi na Art (Met) a New York, Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Amurka Art a cikin 1991. Washington, DC,da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago. Beauty Revealed ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hotuna sama da ɗari uku da ma'auratan suka haɗa, waɗanda suka ba da ita ga Met a cikin 2006,a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin kyauta siyan tarin su. Carrie Rebora Barratt da Lori Zabar na Met sun kwatanta hoton kansa na Goodridge a matsayin mafi tursasawa na "baƙon abu da ban mamaki" na ƙananan masu fasaha a cikin tarin. Bayan shekaru biyu, Beauty Revealed an haɗa ta a cikin wani bita na baya, "Shekaru Philippe de Montebello: Masu ba da izini sun yi bikin shekaru goma na soyayya", wanda ya nuna ayyukan da aka samu a ƙarƙashin lokacin darektan Met Philippe de Montebello mai ritaya. Holland Cotter na The New York Times ya haskaka hoton kanta na Goodridge, tana kwatanta shi da"abin ban mamaki". A cikin 2009, marubuta Jane Kamensky da Jill Lepore sun zana wahayi daga Beauty Revealed (da sauran zane-zane,irin su John Singleton Copley 's Boy tare da Squirrel don littafin su Blindspot Gidan yana gizon Met ya lissafa Beauty Bayyana kamar ba a kan nuni ba.
Bincike Masanin tarihin fasaha Dale Johnson ya bayyana Beauty Revealed a matsayin "mafi kyawun gaske", mai nuna ikon Goodridge na nuna fitilu da inuwa.Ta sami ƙulle-ƙulle da ƙyanƙyashe da aka yi amfani da su wajen ƙirƙirar zanen suna da daɗi. Rubutu a cikin Antiques a cikin 2012, Randall L. Holton da Charles A. Gilday sun ce zanen ya ci gaba da gabatar da kai wanda ke haifar da frisson na yiwuwar batsa". Packard ya rubuta cewa Beauty Revealed ta yi aiki a matsayin nau'in synecdoche na gani, wanda ke wakiltar daukan Goodridge ta cikin ƙirjinta. Ya bambanta da "nauyi" na 1845 na kai da kuma wanda ba shi da rai na 1830,ya sami Beauty ya bayyana don gaba da Goodridge da bukatarta na kulawa.Da yake jayayya cewa tufafin da ke kewaye da ƙirjinta sunyi aiki don nuna wasan kwaikwayo (kamar labulen vaudeville Packard ya kwatanta idanun mai kallo yana mai da hankali kan ƙirjin,yayin da sauran jikin Goodridge ya shafe kuma an cire shi. Wannan,in ji shi,ya ƙalubalanci zato da ra'ayi game da mace mai zaman gida na ƙarni na 19.
Nassoshi
Ayyukan da aka ambata
Kara karantawa Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
27804 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha%27ar%20HaGai | Sha'ar HaGai | Sha'ar HaGai (Ibrananci: da Bab al-Wad ko Bab al-Wadi a Larabci (Ibrananci: Larabci: ko lit. Ƙofar Kwarin a cikin harsunan biyu, wuri ne a kan babbar hanyar Tel Aviv-Jerusalem, mai nisan kilomita 23 daga Urushalima, inda hanyar ta fara haye ta cikin wani kwari mai zurfi da ke gefen tsaunin dutse mai tsayi, mai suna a cikin Larabci Wadi Ali.
Suna An yi amfani da sunan Larabci Bab al-Wad, 'Ƙofar Kwarin', a cikin Ibrananci kuma, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin waƙar 1948, har sai bayan kafa Ƙasar Isra'ila da ƙirƙirar sunan Ibrananci, Sha'ar HaGai. fassarar sunan Larabci a zahiri.
Zamanin Ottoman Titin Jaffa-Jerusalem da farko Ottoman ya fara samun damar yin amfani da motocin masu keken hannu a cikin 1867 kuma tun daga nan ya zama babbar hanyar zuwa Urushalima, wanda aka fifita fiye da hanyoyin da suka dace da yanayin yanayi kamar Route 443, wanda aka sani tun lokacin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin “hawan Beth. Horon". Tafiya daga Jaffa zuwa Kudus ta ragu, albarkacin wannan haɓakawa, daga kwana uku zuwa biyu kuma Bab al-Wad ya zama wurin da matafiya suke tsayawa su kwana. Don haka, daular Usmaniyya ta gina wurin masauki ko ayari, wanda aka yi amfani da shi ba da jimawa ba, a shekara ta 1869, shekarar da aka kaddamar da mashigin ruwa na Suez Canal, ta hanyar tafiye-tafiyen masarautar zuwa Kudus kamar Franz Joseph I na Austria-Hungary, nan gaba. Sarkin Birtaniya Edward VII da kuma Sarkin Jamus Frederick III na gaba. A cikin 1898 Sarkin Jamus Wilhelm II da matarsa Augusta Victoria suka sake yin amfani da wurin, waɗanda suka kwana a sansanin. Kararrawa mafi girma ga cocin Augusta Victoria Foundation, wanda Wilhelm ya qaddamar a lokacin ziyararsa ta 1898 da aka gina tsakanin 1907 zuwa 1910, ya auna nauyin tan shida kuma ya bukaci a fadada hanyar da shimfida.
Yakin 1947-1948 A lokacin yakin basasa na 1947-48 a Falasdinu tilas da kuma yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1948, wannan yanki da sansanin 'yan sanda da ke kusa da Latrun sun gamu da kazamin fada tsakanin sojojin Larabawa da ayarin motocin yahudawa a kan hanyar killace birnin Kudus. Bab al-Wad da ƙazantar da take gadin sun canza hannu tsakanin Sojojin Yancin Larabawa da ke samun goyon bayan Larabawa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa Palmach da Haganah, har zuwa Afrilu 20 1948, lokacin da Larabawa suka sake kwace tuddai a kusa da Bab al-Wad da ke rufe Tel Aviv- Hanyar Urushalima.
Daga tsakiyar Mayu 1948, sansanin soja a Latrun, kilomita biyu kawai yamma da Bab al-Wad, Arab Legion, ingantaccen, horar da Birtaniyya kuma ya umarci sojojin Transjordan. Brigade na 10 na Palmach (Harel) a ƙarƙashin umarnin Lt. Col. Yitzhak Rabin, Firayim Minista na Isra'ila na gaba, ya sami nasarar kama Bab al-Wad da kansa, amma ɓangaren titin yamma da shi, wanda aka sarrafa daga Latrun, ya kasance a hannun Jordan har zuwa 1967, yana yanke wannan babbar hanyar zuwa Urushalima. Don wucewa ta hanyar da ke cikin Arab, Isra’ilawa sun gina hanyar Burma, wacce aka sanya wa suna sanannen hanyar yakin duniya na II zuwa China. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar ta hanya mai mahimmanci yayin farkon, muhimmin ɓangaren yaƙin, ana maye gurbinsa bayan watanni shida kawai ta hanyar mafi tsayi amma mafi aminci.
Bayan 1967 Bayan yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a shekarar 1967, lokacin da Isra'ila ta kwace yankin Latrun, an sake gina babbar hanyar Tel Aviv-Jerusalem akan mafi guntuwar hanyar da ta wuce Latrun da Sha'ar HaGai. A yau babbar titin 1 mai fadi da hanyoyi hudu a halin yanzu (2016) ana fadada shi saboda karuwar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, ta hanyar yin zane-zane a cikin gangaren rafin Wadi Ali.
Abubuwan tunawa da yaki
Motocin Sandwich Har zuwa 2000s, ragowar motocin sulke na ayarin motocin Yahudawa da aka lalata a lokacin yaƙin 1948 suna kan hanya a matsayin abin tunawa ga matattu na yaƙi. Yawancinsu manyan motoci ne na yau da kullun da nagartattun sulke da aka yi da karfe biyu da katako a tsakani, wanda hakan ya sa ake kiransu da “motocin sandwich”. Daga nan sai da sojoji suka mayar da su zuwa sassan biyu na kwazazzabo, inda aka tsare su daga barayin karfe, a ajiye su a baje kolinsu a gefen babbar hanyar.
Dandalin tunawa da Mahal A wani wurin shakatawa a kudu da babban titin akwai Monument na Mahal Memorial, wanda ke tunawa da ca. Sojojin sa kai na Yahudawa 4000 da ba Yahudawa ba wadanda suka fito daga kasashen waje don taimakawa wajen kafa kasar Yahudu a 1947-48, wadanda 119 daga cikinsu suka rasa rayukansu a lokacin yakin.
Tunawa da wadanda suka mutu a titin Jerusalem Wani "Bikin Tunawa da Majagaba na Hanyar Kudus", wanda aka kafa domin tunawa da mayakan Yahudawan 'Yancin kai da suka mutu a fadace-fadacen da aka gwabza akan hanyar zuwa Kudus, ya tsaya a gefen babbar hanyar da ke kusa da Neve Ilan. Aikin 1967 na sculptor na Isra'ila Naomi Henrik an gina shi da bakin karfe da siminti kuma ya ƙunshi tarin bututu masu kama da rokoki da ke nuni zuwa Urushalima.
Waka Waƙar Ibrananci, Bab al-Wad, da kalmomin Haim Gouri da kuma waƙar Shmuel Fershko sun yi bikin tunawa da yaƙe-yaƙe na 1948. Shahararrun mawakan Isra’ila da dama ne suka yi waƙar, kamar Yafa Yarkoni, Shoshana Damari, Shlomo Gronich, da Harel Skaat. Waƙar tana da ayoyi huɗu, tare da aya ta huɗu ana magana kafin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ƙarshe.
Anan nake tafiya shiru
Kuma ina tuna su, kowane guda
Anan muka yi yaƙi tare, bisa manyan duwatsu da duwatsu
Anan muka kasance dangi daya
Babban Wad
Ka tuna da sunayenmu har abada
Yayin da ayarin motocin suka kutsa cikin birnin
Matattunmu suna kan titi
Bakin karfe yayi shiru kamar abokina
Isra'ilawa suna magana game da wurin a rayuwar yau da kullun suna kiranta da sunan Ibrananci Sha'ar HaGai a cikin Ibrananci, amma sanannen waƙar ya kira ta da sunan Larabci Bab al-Wad kiyaye gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1948, sojojin matashin Isra'ila ya kira shi. Dukansu sunan Ibrananci da Larabci suna nufin iri ɗaya "Ƙofar Kwarin".
Duba kuma Yaƙin Urushalima (Disamba 1947 Yuli 1948)
Jerusalem corridor, babban yanki wanda ya ƙunshi Bab al-Wad/Sha'ar HaGai da kwazazzabo Wadi Ali
Operation Ha-Har na sojojin Isra'ila a watan Oktobar 1948, wanda ya kai ga IDF ta karbe iko da hanyar Jerusalem.
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43694 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sani%20Abubakar%20Lugga | Sani Abubakar Lugga | Tarihi Wazirin Katsina, Professor Sani Abubakar lugga an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Augusta a shekara ta 1950 a grin katsina, Jahar katsina dake Arewacin Najeriya. Da ne ga Alhaji Abubakar lugga ya rayu a shekarar (1912-1988) shine Sarkin Dawan katsina, wato mai kula da Dazuka da Ma'adanai na Masarautar katsina, Sarkin Dawan Katsina Alhaji Abubakar Lugga shine da na farko ga Wazirin Katsina Sheikh Haruna ya rayu a shekera (1857-1937) Don haka Wazirin katsina Prof. Sani Abubakar Lugga jika ne ga Wazirin Katsina na farko Sheikh Haruna. A tasawowar Prof. Sani Abubakar Lugga an kai Shi yaye wurin 'yar uwar kakarshi wadda takansance mai sani game da ilimin addinin Islama ana kiranta da Malama Aisha Sodai. Prof Sani an dauke shi an maida shi wurin iyayensa yana da shekaru bakwai 7 bayan yayi karatu na wajibi na Al-qur'ani, sai mahaifinsa ya sa shi a makarantar Firamare, amma ya cigaba da karatun Addini hade da karatun boko Mahaifin sa Alhaji Abubakar lugga da ne ga Wazirin Katsina na farko Sheikh Haruna (1857-1937) wanda jika ne ga Sarkin Kanem Bakashe Mallam Haido (1899-1919) da ga Sarki Son Allah (1854-1882) Dan Sarki Iro (1824-1830), Dan Sarki Alu (1819-1822) Dan Sarki Ali (1802-1807) Dan Sarki E-E (1758-1779), Dan Sarki Remi (1744-1758), Dan Sarki Namauli 1706-1718), Dan Sarki Salifu (1661-1679), Dan Sarki Damisa (1634-1661), Dan Sarki Tanni (1579-1605), Wanda shine ya kafa daular Kanuri (Bare-Bari) masu mulki a Kanem Bakashe, Iyalan Sheikh Haruna asalinsu tsatso ne Kanuri wanda suke mulkin kanem Bakashe tun 1579 AD.
Suna daga cikin wadanda suka kirkiri Daular Kanuri na Kanem Barno karkashin Mai Idris Alooma. Mai yayi mulki tsakanin 1571 da 1603 sannan yayi kanem-Barno tayi kaimi ta fadada har zuwa Katsina, Zamfara, Kano da wasu bangarori wanda yanzu suna cikin kasar Nijar wanda suka hada da; kanem Bakashe, Tasawa da Damagram. Bakashe Bincike ya nuna shine sunan shugaban na al'ummar farko na yankin, Kanem kuma kalmar kanuri ce wadda take nufin Birni, Kanem Bakashe yana nufin Birnin Bakashe a yaren Kanuri kenan. Yankin yanzu ya kasance a cikin masarautun Maradi dake Jamhuriyyar Nijar. Sarkin Kanem Bakashe, Alhaji Sani, da babmahaifinshi Marigayi Sarki Daouda, sun kasance yan uwa ne na jin i ga Mai girma Wazirin Katsina na farko Sheikh Haruna kuma sun kasance suna zumunci na kwarai tsakanin ahalin waziri Haruna dake Najeriya. Haka kuma suma Ahalin Waziri haruna suna zumunci da su cikin Girmamawa da kaunar juna. Misali Marigayi Sarkin Kanem Bakashe Sarki Daouda ya hallarci Bikin Nadin Sarautar Wazirin Katsina, Prof.Sani Abubakar Lugga, kuma Sarki Sani na yanzu da ga Sarki Daouda yana kawo Ziyarar sada zumunci a kai a kai, Haka zalika Waziri Sani Lugga ya kasance ya hallarci Daurin Auren diyar Sarki Daouda a Kanem Bakashe kuma iyalan Waziri suma suna hallarta duk wani taro a Kanem Bakashe.
Sheikh Haruna ya kasance Malamin Addinin Musulunci ne kuma kakkanin sa sun taimakawa Sheikh Usman Dan Fodiyo wajen yin Jihadi a 1804, Waziri ya yanke shawarar da ziyarci Katsina domin neman Ilimi da bincike, kamar yadda ya saba ziyartar sauran sassan Duniya domin neman Ilimi da yada shi kamar Mali, Senegal, da garuruwa na kusa kamar Dosso, Damagaram, da Kance. Katsina a wannnan lokacin ta kasance mafi shaharar Cibiyar Addinin Musulunci a kasar Hausa kuma bugu da kari tana dauke da Malamai kwarai da gaske. Sheikh Haruna ya iso Katsina a shekara ta 1897 kuma ya shaku da Durbin katsina Muhammadu Dikko da Sarki Abubakar, A wannan lokacin anyi gaggawar shaida shi a matsayin Babban Malami kuma shaharare A bangaren Addinin Musulunci a wannan lokacin wanda bai bukatar wani horo na musamman, hakan ya sa aka sakashi cikin jerin Sarakunan Katsina.Akwai manyan Masallatai guda Ukku a katsina a lokacin. Daya shine Babban Masalaci wanda yake a hedikwatar Jama'atul Nasrul Islam kusa da Fadar Sarkin Katsina wanda babban limamin Masarauta yake jagoranta. Na biyu yana kofar kaura wanda Mallam Barmo yake jagoranta, shi kuwa na Ukku yana Kofar Samri inda aka nada Sheikh Haruna a matsayin Liman Haruna. Liman Haruna da Durbi Muhammadu Dikko sun kasance sun shaku sosae da Sarkin Katsina Abubakar wanda lokacin da Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka zo domin jan ragamar Shugabanci na yankin a 1903 karkashin Jagorancin Lord Lugard. Sarki Abubakar ya nada Durbi Dikko a matsayin mai kula da dukannin al'amurra shi kuma Liman Haruna a matsayin Babban Liman. ya kamata a sani cewa idan aka cire tura wa guda biyu dukkan sauran sojojin turawan sun kasance Musulmai ne yan Najeriya wanda aka dauke aiki karkashin Shedikwatar Sojoji dake karkashin turawa a Lojoja da Zungeru a yanzu jahohin Kogi da Niger.
A lokacin Muhammadu Dikko ya zama Sarkin Katsina a 1906, Mutun na farko daya fara nadawa Sarauta shine Aminintaccen Abokinsa Sheikh Haruna a matsayin Wazirin Katsina na Farko, Wannan shi ya haifar da farko Daular Sarki Dikko da Waziri Haruna a katsina. Waziri Haruna ya kasance makusanci kuma mataimaki wajen kawo ci-gaba a mulki Sarki Dikko, haka zalika Sarkin Dawa Abubakar (Dan Waziri Haruna, Mahaifin Waziri Abubakar) shima ya aksance makusanci kuma mataimaki ga Sarki Usman Nagogo (Dan Sarki Dikko), Sarki Muhammadu Kabir (Jikan Sarki Dikko) shima ya kulla alaka mai karfi ta mutuntaka da aminci tsakaninsa da Waziri Sani Lugga (Jikan Waziri Haruna). Mahaifiyar Prof. Sani Lugga itace Hajiya Aisha, diyar Mallam Zubair, wanda da ne ga Kwamandan Baraden Jihadi, Uban dawakin Katsina Muhammadu Sani, wanda yayi aiki karkashin Sarkin Katsina Abubakar.
Karatu Bayan karatun Adinin Musulunci na Wajibi a kananan Shekaru, Wazirin katsina Prof. Sani Abubakar Lugga an saka shi makarantar Firamare inda ya cigaba da karatun addinin Musulunci tare da Ilimin boko. Ya samu nasarar samun shaidar jarabawa ta (West African School Certificate), da sakamako mai daraja ta daya a dukkan darussa daga Makarantar (Provincial Secondary School, Katsina a yanzu Government College Katsina) a 1968. Inda yake da zabi domin zuwa Babbar Makaranta inda zai samu kwallin zuwa Jami'a don yin digiri ko Dipiloma, Ya zabi kuma an dauke shi a Kwalejin Harkar Noma a Jami'a daya tilo kuma mai daraja a yankin arewacin Najeriya a wancan lokaci Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello dake Zariya, inda ya kammala karatun dipiloma a bangaren Harkokin Noma a 1970.
Saboda sha'awarsa da Ilimi, Prof lugga ya sake shiga Makarantar Polythecnic MAi daraja kuma ita kadai a yankin arewa a wancan lokacin watau Kaduna Polythecnic, in da ya samu shaidar National Diploma a bangaren Kasuwanci da sakamako mai daraja a dukkan Darussa a 1975. Ya cigaba da karatunsa inda ya kara samun Diiloma daga Kabelmetal Electro Training, Hanover dake kasar Jamus, a 1985.
Kaunar Ilimi ga Prof. Lugga wannan ya bashi dama samun shiga Jami'ar Illorin domin yin karatun Digiri na Biyu wato Masaters a Bangaren Gudanarwar Kasuwanci (Business Administration Executive Program) a ka kar karatu ta 1998/1999. Sannan ya samu dama ta musamman dayin rijista ta hanyar yin karatu mai dogon zango domin yayi karatu na digiri na biyu dana Ukku a hade a lokaci daya wato (Masters Degree da Doctorate Degree) a Jami'ar St. Clements, a British West Indies. Ya zabi yayi karatukan a hade tare da Jami'ar St. Clement dake Ingila wadda ta kasance tana da rijista da yarjewar da hadin gwiwar Kungiyoyin Turai domin Karatun mai Nisan Zango (British Association of Open Learning) a Landan. da kuma Kungiyar Jami'oi da Kwaleji ta Duniya, dake Washinton DC a Amuruka. Bayan kammala karatun cikin Nasara, Bincike da Byar da takardun nazari, ya samu shaidar kararun Digiri na Biyu a bangaren Gudanarwar Kasuwanci (Master of Business Administration Degree) a 2002 da kuma shaidar Digiri na Ukku a bangare Gudanarwa wato (Doctorate Degree in MAnagement) a 2003 daga Jami'ar St. Clement. Bayan kamar Shekaru Sha biyu (12) a shekara ta 2015, ya samu shaidar Digirin digir gir a bangaren FAlsafar Kwantar da Tarzoma wato Doctor of philosophy Degree in Conflict Management) daga Jami'ar Suan Juan, dake Costa Rica a kasar Amuruka. Ya hallaci tarukam karawa juna sani
Aiki
Sarauta
Litttafai
Kyaututtuka da Lambobin Yabo
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13316 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Oladunni%20Taylor | Grace Oladunni Taylor | Grace Oladunni Taylor (kuma ana kiranta da suna Grace Oladunni Lucia Olaniyan-Taylor) masaniyar ilimin halittu ce, wacce ta gabata a Jami'ar Ibadan, Nigeria Ita ce mace ta biyu da aka shigo da ita a Cibiyar Ilimin Kimiyya ta Najeriya kuma Afirka ta farko ta ba da lambar yabo ta L’Oréal-UNESCO ga mata a Kimiyya Farkon rayuwa da karatu Grace Oladunni Lucia Olaniyan an haife ta ne a Efon-Alaiye, jihar Ekiti, Nigeria, ga Elizabeth (née Olatoun) da RAW Olaniyan. Tsakanin shekarar 1952 zuwa 1956, daliba ce a makarantar Sarauniya ta Ede a cikin jihar Osun Ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a shekarar 1957 a Kwalejin Kimiya da Kimiyya ta Nijeriya a Enugu kuma a shekara ta 1959 ta koma Kwalejin Ilimin Jami’ar Ibadan (yanzu Jami’ar Ibadan). Olaniyan ta kammala tare da girmamawa a shekarar 1962 tare da digiri a cikin ilmin sunadarai.
Aiki da bincike Bayan kammala karatun digiri, ta fara aiki a Cibiyar Binciken Noma na Yanki (yanzu Cibiyar Nazarin Albarkatun Noma ta Kasa a Mashin Shuka a Ibadan A shekarar 1963, aka dauke ta a matsayin mataimakiyar mai bincike a Sashen Nazarin Kiba na Kwayoyi na Jami’ar Ibadan kuma ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin Pathology a shekarar 1969. A shekarar 1970, jami’ar ta dauke ta a matsayin malami sannan daga baya a shekarar 1975, ta yi aiki a matsayin jami’in bincike mai zurfi a Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Arewa maso yamma a Seattle, Washington Ta dawo Jami’ar Ibadan kuma aka mata karin matsayin Babban Malama a 1975 kuma a shekarar 1979 ta bunkasa zuwa Karatun Zuwa 1979, lokacin da ta fara wallafawa, ta auri Farfesa Ajibola Taylor. A shekarar 1980, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken kimiyya a Sashen Nazarin Kwayoyin cuta na Jami’ar West Indies a Kingston, Jamaica sannan a shekarar 1984, an bunkasa Taylor zuwa cikakkiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin kimiyar halittu na Jami’ar Ibadan. A waccan shekarar, ta dawo don yin bincike na biyu a Cibiyar Binciken Lafiya ta Arewa maso Yamma a Seattle kuma ta kammala aikin posting a matsayin masanin kimiyyar ziyartar Port of Spain, Trinidad a Sashen Nazarin Kiba na Kemikal. A shekarar 1990, aka dauki Taylor a matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa a Farfesa a Makarantar Medicine na Jami'ar Zimbabwe da ke Harare kuma ya koyar a Sashen Nazarin Pathology. A 1991, ta dawo Jami'ar Ibadan inda daga 1991 zuwa 1994 ta kasance shugabar Sashen Kula da Kiwon Kwayoyi na Kiwoni, sannan kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan girmamawa a Asibitin Kolejin Jami'ar, Ibadan. Ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2004 amma ta ci gaba da karantarwa a Ibadan a Sashen Kula da Cututtukan Kemikal. kwarewar ta ita ce nazarin lipids a cikin cututtukan zuciya da kwatankwacin ƙwayar cutar lipid ɗin ta tabbatar da cewa matakan cholesterol ba samfuri bane na tsere, a maimakon haka abinci da matakan motsa jiki. An ba ta lambar yabo da yawa saboda binciken da ta yi, wanda ya hada da Shell-BP Siyarwa a Chemistry, Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya, da Fulbright Hays Fellowship, da Ciba-Geigy Fellowship, da ofungiyar Universungiyar Jami'o'in Afirka. An shigar da Taylor cikin Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya a 1997, a matsayin mace ta biyu da ta taɓa karrama ta a matsayin rashin halarta. A shekarar 1998, an ba da lambar yabo ta L'Oréal-UNESCO don bayar da kyautar ga mace daya a yanki guda biyar na Afirka da kasashen larabawa, Asiya-Pacific, Turai, Latin Amurka, Arewacin Amurka saboda nasarar da suka samu ta kimiyya da gudummawarsu don inganta bil'adama. Taylor ita ce ta Afirka da ta karɓi kyautar ta L'Oréal-UNESCO Award don Mata a Kimiyya, zama Afirka ta farko da ta karɓi kyautar. A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin jihar Ekiti ta karrama ta saboda irin gudummawar da ta bayar wajen bayar da shawarwari da koyar da daliban likitanci.
Zaɓabbun ayyuka Taylor, Grace Oladunni; Bamgboye, Afolabi E. (December 1979). "Magungunan cholesterol da cututtuka a cikin 'yan Najeriya" (PDF) Jaridar nan ta Amurka ta Clinical Nutrition 32 2540-25545. doi 10.1093 ajcn 32.12.2540 Taylor, G. Oladunni; Agbedana, E. O.; Johnson, A. O. K. (May 1982). "Yawancin-yawan-lipoprotein-cholesterol a cikin abinci mai gina jiki-rashin abinci mai gina jiki" Jaridar Burtaniya ta Ingilishi Nungiyar Kula da Abinci. 47 (3): 489-494. doi 10.1079 BJN19820061 Taylor, Oladunni Grace; Ahaneku, Joseph Eberendu; Agbedana, Olu Emmanuel (October 1995). "Dangantaka tsakanin ma'aunin jiki (BMI) da canje-canje a cikin jimlar plasma da matakan HDL-cholesterol yayin lura da hauhawar jini a cikin marasa lafiyar na Afirka" (PDF) Acta Medica Okayama Makarantar Likita ta Jami’ar Okayama. 49 (5). ISSN 0386-300X An makale daga asalin (PDF) akan 2016-02-01. Taylor, Grace O; Orimadegun, Bose E.; Anetor, John I.; Adedapo, Deborah A.; Onuegbu, Jude A.; Olisekodiaka, Japhet M. (July–September 2007). "Increara yawan baƙin ƙarfe da ke haɗuwa da cututtukan zuciya na jijiyoyi a tsakanin tsoffin 'yan Najeriya" Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences Professionalwararrun Likitocin Ma'aikata. 23 (4): 518-55. ISSN 1681-715X Taylor, Grace Oladunni; Ebesunun, Maria Onomhaguan; Agbedana, Emmanuel Oluyemi; Oladapo, Olulola O. (September–December 2013). "Variations in plasma lipids and lipoproteins among cardiovascular disease patients in South-western Nigerians". Biokemistri Societyungiyar foran Najeriyar Nazarin Ilimin Nazari 25 (2). ISSN 0795-8080 Manazarta
Hanyoyin haɗin waje Jerin Layi na WorldCat
Rayayyun |
48834 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tushen%20Soyayya%20a%20Mahangar%20Halitta | Tushen Soyayya a Mahangar Halitta | An binciko ka'idar tushen soyayya ta irin waɗannan ilimomi na halitta kamar ilimin kimiyyar juyin halitta, ilimin halin ɗan adam da kuma neuroscience Ana nazarin takamaiman sinadarai irin su oxytocin a cikin mahallin rawar da suke takawa wajen samar da gogewar ɗan adam da halayen da ke da alaƙa da soyayya
Ilimin Juyin Halitta Ilimin halayyar juyin halitta ya gabatar da bayanai da yawa don soyayya. Jarirai na biri da yara sun daɗe suna dogara ga taimakon iyaye. Don haka ana ganin soyayya a matsayin wata hanya ta inganta taimakon iyaye na yara na tsawon lokaci. Wani kuma shi ne cewa cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i na iya haifar da, a tsakanin sauran tasirin, rage yawan haihuwa na dindindin, rauni ga tayin, da ƙara haɗari yayin haihuwa Wannan zai ba da damar keɓantaccen dangantaka na dogon lokaci rage haɗarin kamuwa da STD. Daga mahangar ilimin kimiyyar juyin halitta za a iya yin bincike kan gogewa da halayen da ke da alaƙa da soyayya dangane da yadda juyin halittar ɗan adam ya siffata su. Misali, an ba da shawarar cewa an zaɓi harshen ɗan adam a lokacin juyin halitta a matsayin nau'in "siginar jima'i" wanda ke ba da damar ma'aurata damar yin hukunci game da lafiyar haihuwa. Miller ya bayyana ilimin kimiyyar juyin halitta a matsayin wurin farawa don ƙarin bincike: “Kwararren ilimin ƙwaƙwalwa na iya ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da suka dace da zawarcinsu a cikin kwakwalwa. Mafi mahimmanci, muna buƙatar mafi kyawun abubuwan lura game da zawarcin ɗan adam ta zahiri, gami da abubuwan da za a iya aunawa na zawarcin da ke yin tasiri ga zaɓin abokin aure, sakamakon haihuwa (ko aƙalla jima'i) sakamakon bambancin mutum a waɗannan bangarorin, da hanyoyin fahimtar zamantakewa da tunani. na soyayya." Tun a zamanin Darwin aka yi irin wannan hasashe game da sauye-sauyen sha'awar ɗan adam a cikin kiɗa kuma a matsayin tsarin sigina mai yuwuwa don jawowa da yin la'akari da dacewar abokan zama. An ba da shawarar cewa ƙarfin ɗan adam don samun ƙauna ya samo asali ne a matsayin wata alama ga abokan aure da za su iya cewa abokin tarayya zai kasance iyaye nagari kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen yada kwayoyin halitta zuwa al'ummomi masu zuwa. Masanin ilimin halitta Jeremy Griffith ya bayyana soyayya a matsayin 'rashin son kai mara sharadi', yana ba da shawarar ilhami na haɗin kai da aka samu a cikin kakan ɗan adam na zamani, Australopithecus Nazarin bonobos (babban biri a baya ana magana da shi a matsayin pygmy chimpanzee akai-akai don tallafawa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a baya a cikin mutane. Bode da Kushnick sun gudanar da cikakken nazari game da soyayyar soyayya ta hanyar nazarin halittu a cikin 2021. Sun yi la'akari da ilimin halin ɗan adam na soyayyar soyayya, tsarin sa, ci gaba a tsawon rayuwa, ayyuka, da tarihin juyin halitta. Dangane da abin da ke cikin wancan bita, sun ba da shawarar ma'anar rayuwa ta soyayya ta soyayya:
Ilimin zamantakewa An haɓaka hanyoyin zamantakewa na zamantakewa don bayyana soyayya don taimakawa ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan da ke tattare da soyayya. Daya daga cikin fitattun ra'ayoyin da suka shafi soyayya Robert J. Sternberg ne ya gabatar da shi wanda aka fi sani da Ka'idar soyayya ta Triangular An gabatar da shi a cikin wannan ka'idar, soyayya tana bin motsi mai kusurwa uku, yana gudana tare da haɗuwa na matakai daban-daban a cikin bangarori uku na triangle. Bangarorin guda uku su ne Ƙaunar Zumunci, Ƙaunar Zuciya, da Ƙulla. A cikin waɗannan ɓangarori uku na triangle, haɗuwa tsakanin biyu na iya haifar da wasu nau'ikan soyayya da ƙauna. Misali, Zumunci da Sha'awa yana haifar da soyayyar soyayya yayin da zumunci da sadaukarwa ke haifar da soyayya mai tausayi. Adadin adadin soyayyar da aka saka an bayyana shi ta girman girman da kuma gaba ɗaya nau'in triangle. Ka'idojin triangular ba kawai sun shafi dangantakar mutum ta yanzu ba, ana iya nufin su don bayyana ma'anar ma'anar ma'anar ma'anar ma'auni sha'awar sadaukarwa a cikin triangle mara daidaituwa, ko ma ƙayyade alwatika na soyayya don fifikon dangantaka
Neurochemistry Ra'ayi na al'ada a ilmin halitta shine cewa akwai manyan abubuwan motsa jiki guda uku cikin soyayya libido, abin da aka makala, da fifikon abokin tarayya Na farko neurochemicals neurotransmitters, jima'i hormones, da neuropeptides da ke mulkin wadannan tafiyarwa su ne testosterone, estrogen, dopamine, oxytocin, da kuma vasopressin Hanyoyin dopamine na tsakiya suna daidaita halayyar fifikon abokin tarayya, yayin da vasopressin a cikin pallidum na ventral da oxytocin a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan hypothalamic tsakiya na tsakiya suna daidaita fifikon abokin tarayya da halayen haɗin kai. Yin jima'i yana canzawa da farko ta hanyar aiki a cikin hanyar mesolimbic dopamine yankin ventral tegmental da tsakiya accumbens Trace amines (misali, phenethylamine da tyramine suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita ayyukan neuronal a cikin hanyoyin dopaminergic na tsarin juyayi na tsakiya Testosterone da estrogen suna ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan abubuwan motsa jiki ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan a cikin hanyoyin dopamine. Isassun matakan ƙwayoyin testosterone suna da mahimmanci ga halayen jima'i na mutum da na mace. Norepinephrine da serotonin suna da ƙarancin mahimmanci, suna ba da gudummawa ta hanyar tasirin neuromodulatory akan dopamine da sakin oxytocin a wasu hanyoyi. Sinadaran da suka jawo waɗanda ke da alhakin soyayya mai daɗi da ƙauna na dogon lokaci da alama sun fi dacewa da ayyukan da mutane biyu ke shiga a ciki maimakon yanayin takamaiman mutanen da abin ya shafa. Mutanen da suka fada cikin soyayya kwanan nan suna nuna matakan cortisol mafi girma.
Matsayin tsarin limbic James Papez ne ya fara bayanin rawar tsarin limbic a cikin motsin rai a cikin 1937 a cikin takardarsa mai taken "Hanyar da aka ba da shawarar." Ana kiran samfurin da kewayen Papez. Da'irar Papez ta nuna kasancewar hanyoyin neuronal tsakanin tsarin vestibular da tsarin limbic. Na'urar vestibular tana cikin kunnen ciki wannan na'urar tana daidaita daidaiton jiki da motsi. wannan yana buƙatar sadarwar neuronal mai yawa. Ƙarfafawar vestibular na iya haifar da canje-canje a yanayi da motsin rai. Ƙarfafawar vestibular ta hanyar rinjayar hypothalamus na iya yin tasiri ga motsin rai ko dai da kansa ko a matsayin wani ɓangare na cibiyoyin sadarwa na gabaɗaya. Waɗannan motsin rai na iya haɗawa da matsananciyar wuce gona da iri, asarar tuƙi motsa jiki, yawan ci da sha, da fushi da ɗabi'a na tashin hankali. Nazarin ya nuna Soyayyar Soyayya tana amfani da lada da tsarin ƙarfafawa don mai da hankali kan takamaiman mutum. Yankunan limbic cortical suna aiwatar da abubuwan motsin rai. A cikin Babban Ka'idar Ƙauna malaman farfesa guda uku daga UCSF sun ba da cikakken bayani game da ka'idodin kimiyya da binciken da suka danganci rawar da tsarin limbic a cikin soyayya, haɗin kai da zamantakewa. Suna ci gaba da hasashe cewa tsarin jijiyoyinmu ba su da kashin kansu, amma a zahiri sun dace da na kusa da mu da waɗanda muka fi kusanci da su. Wannan tausayi, wanda suke kira limbic resonance, shine damar da muke rabawa, tare da halayen halayen halayen limbic na kwakwalwa, tare da duk sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ayyukansu sun gina a kan nazarin da suka gabata na mahimmancin hulɗar jiki da ƙauna a cikin ci gaban zamantakewa da fahimta, irin su gwaje-gwajen da Harry Harlow ya yi a kan birai rhesus, wanda ya fara kafa sakamakon nazarin halittu na kadaici.
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26074 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Krige | Alice Krige | Alice Maud Krige /k r Na ɡ ə an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1954) ne a kasar Afrika ta Kudu jaruma da kuma m. Matsayin fim ɗin ta na farko ya kasance a cikin Chariots of Fire a shekarar (1981) a matsayin mawaƙin Gilbert da Sullivan Sybil Gordon. Ta taka rawar biyu na Eva Galli/Alma Mobley a cikin Labarin fatalwa, a shekarar(1981) da Sarauniyar Borg a cikin Star Trek: Saduwa ta Farko a shekarar (1996).
Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi Krige a Upington, Lardin Cape (yanzu Northern Cape Afirka ta Kudu, 'yar Patricia, farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da Louis Krige, likita. Daga baya Kriges sun ƙaura zuwa Port Elizabeth, inda Alice ta girma a cikin abin da ta bayyana a matsayin "very happy family", tare da 'yan'uwa biyu, ɗayansu ya zama likita ɗayan kuma Farfesa na tiyata. Krige ta halarci Jami'ar Rhodes a Grahamstown, Afirka ta Kudu tare da shirye -shiryen zama likitan ilimin halin ɗabi'a Ta juya zuwa wasan kwaikwayo bayan ta ɗauki aji na wasan kwaikwayo a Rhodes, sannan ta kammala digirin digirgir na Arts da BA Hons a wasan kwaikwayo, tare da banbanci. Ta ci gaba zuwa London don halartar Babban Makarantar Magana da Wasan kwaikwayo.
Sana'a Krige ta fara wasanninta na farko a gidan talabijin na Burtaniya a shekarar 1979, kuma ta bayyana a matsayin Lucie Manette a cikin fim ɗin talabijin A Tale na Biranen Biyu Ta ci gaba da wasa Sybil Gordon a cikin Chariot of Fire da Eva Galli/Alma Mobley a cikin Labarin fatalwa, duka a cikin shekarar 1981. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Plays and Players, kazalika da Laurence Olivier Award don Mafi Sababbin Masu Sabon Alƙawari, bayan ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na shekarar 1981 West End na George Bernard Shaw 's Arms and the Man Daga nan ta shiga Kamfanin Royal Shakespeare, tana wasa Cordelia a King Lear da Edward Bond 's Lear, Miranda a The Tempest, Bianca a The Taming of the Shrew, da Roxanne a Cyrano de Bergerac Ta kuma bayyana a cikin wasannin kwaikwayo irin su Thomas Otway Venice Preserv'd a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Almeida a London da Toyer a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Arts a Yammacin Ƙarshe Krige ta buga Bathsheba a cikin Sarki David a shekarar(1985) da Mary Shelley a Haunted Summer a shekarar (1988), kuma ya fito a cikin fina -finai masu ban tsoro kamar Ghost Story, Sleepwalkers, Silent Hill da Gretel & Hansel A cikin Star Trek: Saduwa ta Farko, Krige ya buga Sarauniyar Borg, wacce ke ƙoƙarin haɗe Duniya cikin ƙungiyar Borg. Ta lashe Mafi Kyawun Jarumar Tallafawa a Kyautar Saturn ta shekarar 1997 don wannan rawar. Ta koma wannan halin a cikin wasan Star Trek Star Trek: Armada II da kuma a cikin Star Trek: Voyager jerin fina -finai "Endgame" a 200. Ayyukan almara na kimiyya sun faɗaɗa cikin talabijin, tare da manyan ayyuka a cikin miniseries sabawa na Dinotopia da Frank Herbert's Children of Dune Ta yi aiki tare da 'Yan'uwan Quay a cikin "Cibiyar Benjaminamenta, ko Wannan Mafarkin da Mutane ke Kira Rayuwa" kuma tare da Guy Maddin a "Twilight of Ice Nymphs".
A watan Afrilu shekarar 2004, an ba Krige lambar girmamawa Litt. D. digiri daga Jami'ar Rhodes Krige ta fito a cikin wasu fina-finai da aka yi don talabijin da miniseries. Ta fito a cikin fina -finan talabijin Baja Oklahoma shekarar(1988) da Ladykiller shekarar (1992) da miniseries Island Ellis (1984) da Scarlet and Black shekarar (1993). Ta buga mahaifiyar Natalie Wood a cikin Sirrin Natalie Wood shekarar (2004), kuma ta yi tauraro a matsayin Joan Collins a Daular: Yin Nishaɗin Laifi Tana da ayyuka masu maimaitawa akan Deadwood, kuma baƙo ya yi tauraro a kan Ƙafar ƙafa shida a ƙarƙashin, Doka & Umarni: Nufin Laifi, The 4400 da Dirty Sexy Money A cikin shekarar 2008, tana da babban matsayi kamar Sannie Laing, mahaifiyar Sandra, a Skin, tarihin rayuwar Sandra Laing Fim din ya bincika batutuwan yarinyar da hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu suka sanya wa suna “Mai launi” a lokacin wariyar launin fata, duk da cewa iyayenta farare ne. A cikin shekarar 2011, Krige ya fito a kakar wasan karshe ta BBC ta Spooks, tana wasa wakilin Rasha guda biyu Elena Gavrik. Krige ya kuma fito a cikin wasan karshe na wasan kwaikwayo na BBC Waking the Dead, a shekarar 2011. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Krige ya fito a fina -finan Solomon Kane, Mai Koyar da Boka da Thor: Duniyar Duhu Ta taka rawar Amira a cikin jerin farko da na biyu na Mai Zalunci don F/X, kuma kwanan nan ta yi aiki da BBC akan jerin The Syndicate and Partners in Crime A cikin shekarar 2016, ta bayyana a jerin sirrin Netflix The OA A cikin shekarar 2012, Krige ya samar da fasalin da ya ci lambar yabo Jail Kaisar, bincike game da ƙaramin sanannen ƙuruciyar Julius Caesar, wanda aka yi fim a gidajen yari guda uku masu aiki tare da fursunoni masu hidima ɗari da ɗimbin ƴan wasan da suka haɗa da Derek Jacobi da John Kani. Paul Schoolman ne ya rubuta Jail Kaisar.
A cikin shekarar 2015, Krige ya karɓi Kyautar Jury ta Musamman a Bikin Fina-Finan Duniya don Zaman Lafiya, Zaburarwa da Daidaitawa a Jakarta, tare da Andy Garcia da Jimmy Carter don rawar da ta taka a fim ɗin Shingetsu, inda ta yi aikin likitan tiyata na Likitoci ba tare da Iyakoki, gaban Gunter Singer.
Rayuwar mutum Marigayiya Krige ta yi aure da marubuci kuma darakta Paul Schoolman a shekarar 1988.
Fina-finai
Fim
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Hanyoyin waje Alice Krige Alice Krige Tattaunawar Alice Krige a www.sci-fi-online.com
Alice Krige a Wanene Wanene Kudancin Afirka
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39573 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonni%20Ogbuoji | Sonni Ogbuoji | Sonni Ogbuoji ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda aka zaɓe shi Sanata mai wakiltar Ebonyi ta Kudu, a jihar Ebonyi, Najeriya a zaɓen ƙasa na ranar 9 ga Afrilun 2011. An zaɓe shi a kan tikitin jam’iyyar People’s Democratic Party (PDP). Ya bar majalisar dattawa a 2019. Sonni ya fito ne daga Ebunwana Edda a karamar hukumar Afikpo ta Kudu a jihar Ebonyi.
Ogbuoji ya kasance shugaban karamar hukumar Afikpo a lokacin mulkin soja kafin fara jamhuriya ta hudu ta Najeriya Ogbuoji ya kasance kwamishinan karfafa tattalin arziki da rage talauci a gwamnatin Martin Elechi A wannan aikin ya kula da gine-gine da kuma safa tafkunan kifi 35 a kokarin samar da ayyukan yi ga matasa. A watan Nuwamba 2010 Ogbuoji, yayi murabus daga wannan mukami. Ya kasance kodinetan Ebonyi na yakin neman zaben Goodluck/Sambo. Ogbuoji ya samu kuri’u 65,735 a zaben Sanata mai wakiltar Ebonyi ta Kudu a watan Afrilun 2011. Idu Igariwey na jam’iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) ya zo da 16,501 sai Darlington Okere na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) ya samu 11,602.
Haihuwa da Ilimi An haife shi a ranar 29 ga Satumba 1954 ga marigayi Mista Ogbu Nnachi Oji da Mrs. Mary Mai Oji ta Ebunwana, Afikpo South (Edda) LGA, Jihar Ebonyi, kuma ta halarci makarantar Edda Central, Ebunwana tsakanin 1964 zuwa 1970. Ya halarci Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia, tsakanin 1971 zuwa 1975 da Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka, tsakanin 1976 zuwa 1981 da digiri na farko a fannin Noma.
Siyasa da Ofishin Jama'a Zababben shugaban karamar hukumar Afikpo (Afikpo ta Arewa da Kudu) Zababben shugaban karamar hukumar Afikpo ta kudu 1991-1993 sakataren yada labarai na kasa na GDM (1996-1998). Shugaban Hukumar Ilimin Sakandare ta Jihar Ebonyi 2003-2006 Memba, Kwamitin Jihar Ebonyi akan Vision 20:20:20 (2009) Kwamishinan Taimakawa Tattalin Arziki da Rage Talauci 2009 Sanata mai wakiltar Ebonyi ta Kudu (2011-2015) Sanata na biyu (2015-2019) Wakilin Hukumar, Wakilin Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NSC), Hukumar Kula da Yanayin Kasa ta Najeriya (NGSA) A Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa: Kwamitocin Majalisar Dattijai kan Kudi da Ayyuka na Musamman: Aikin Noma, Ilimi, Tsaro, Sojojin Sama, Harkokin Waje, Rage Talauci. Ayyukan Majalisar Dattawa, SDGs, Jihohi da Kananan Hukumomi.
Gane kyaututtuka/Shugabancin Ganewa Abokin Fasaha daga Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Fellow of Technology na Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana Sana'a Award ta Rotary Club of AfikpoMerit Award ta Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Najeriya Ebonyi Ambassador ta Ebonyi Professionals Forum Award of Excellence by National Association of Imo State Students. U.IMerit Award by Animal Science Association of Nigeria, South East Zone1 Omeudo of Amangwu Edda (Peace Maker) Agubata na Umunna Edda (Karfin Zaki) Ochioha na Oso da Ebunwana Edda (Shugaban Jama'a) Enyioha na Etiti Edda (Aboki). na Jama'a) Onioku na Oziza, Afikpo (Mai ba da haske) Omereoha na Akpoha, Afikpo (The Philanthropist) Ife Edda Hasken mutanen Edda
Na sirri Ogbuoji yana jin daɗin buga wasan tennis, tafiya da karatu. Yana auren Scholastica Ugo Ogbuoji kuma yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu.
Duba kuma Jerin mutanen jihar Ebonyi
Magana Rayayyun mutane
Haihuwan |
14004 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassey%20Ikpi | Bassey Ikpi | Bassey Ikpi, (An haife ta 3 ga watan Augustan Shekarar 1976) `yar asalin ƙasar Najeriya ce mazauniyar Amurka mai magana da ke magana da rubutu, marubuciya, kuma mai ba da shawara game da lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ta bayyana ne a HBO's Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry sau biyar kuma waƙinta ta buɗe nuna wa masu zane-zane lambar yabo na Grammy Award. Shine kuma jaridar New York Times wacce ke ba da labari mai taken "Na faɗi Gaskiya Amma Ina kwance."
Farkon rayuwa da aiki Ikpi an haife ta ne a Ikom, jihar Cross River, Nigeria, a ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1976, ga dangin Najeriya waɗanda suka fito daga Ugep Lokacin da take ɗan shekara huɗu, ta koma tare da iyayenta zuwa garin Waterway, Oklahoma, Amurka inda ta zauna har ta kai shekara 13. Daga nan sai ta koma Greenbelt, Maryland, wata unguwar Washington DC.
Ta halarci Jami’ar Maryland, dake Baltimore County don yin karatun Ingilishi Lokacin da take makarantar koleji, ta fara yin wakoki a wajan Baltimore da Washington DC a kusa da kewaye. Ta bar karatun a shekarar bararta ta koma New York City Lokacin da take kusan shekara 21, Ikpi ta koma New York City don neman ƙarin dama. A can ne ta gano "Louder Arts Movement", Nuyorican Poets Café, kuma daga baya Po Poryry Jam Hakanan tana can inda ta koya yadda ake ɗaukar rubutun ta da muhimmanci. Ta zama fitacciyar mawakiyar magana a cikin birni kuma an nuna ta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Def Poetry Jam TV na tsawon shekaru 5, tare da kamfanin don shekara ɗaya ta fara a bikin Yammacin Edinburgh, sannan kuma don wata shekara ta yin yawon shakatawa ta ƙasa tare da asali Broadway Cast. Ta kasance tare da Def Poetry Jam ne daga 2001 zuwa 2004. It was also there where she learnt how to take her writing seriously.
Binciken Bipolar A watan Janairu na 2004, a Chicago, yayin daya daga cikin ranakun da ta zagaya kasar don Def Poetry Jam, ta sami rauni daga bacin rai, damuwa da matsananciyar damuwa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, a cikin New York City, ta kamu da cutar ta rashin lafiyar Bipolar II, A few days later, in New York City, she was diagnosed with Bipolar II Disorder, something she claimed had always been there since she was a kid. wani abin da ta ce ya kasance koyaushe yana can tun tana ɗan yaro. a rubuta game da ita a bainar jama'a a cikin wani ra'ayi na Huffington Post a watan Janairu 2011. Ta kuma yi magana game da shi a bainar jama'a ta hanyar jama'a da yawa, a matsayin wata hanya don taimaka wa wasu su shawo kan ɓarna da fahimtar gwagwarmaya. Ta kuma rubuta rubuce rubuce da dama na kafofin watsa labarai da dama kan batun lafiyar kwakwalwa da tafsirin al'adun gargajiya wadanda suka hada da Ebony, The Huffington Post, Essence.com, XOJane.com da TheRoot.com.
Komawa Najeriya A 2014, watanni bayan daruruwan makaranta yara da aka sace daga Chibok a Najeriya, Ikpi shirya 'Shin, The Rubuta Thing', wani taron nuna goyon baya ta hanyar da magana maganar ga Kawo Baya Our Girls yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ta kuma rera waka tare da fitaccen mawakin nan na Najeriya 2Face Idibia don nuna goyon baya ga wannan yunkuri da ake kira 'Break The Silence'.
Aikin Siwe da "Ranar rashin kunya" Ikpi ta kafa "The Siwe Project", wanda akewa lakabi da Siwe Monsanto, 'yar shekara goma sha biyar na amininsa wanda ya kashe kansa a shekara ta 2011 bayan tsananin damuwa a matsayin wata hanyar karfafa mutane masu cutar kwakwalwa wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa neman taimako da gudanar da cututtukan su kuma kada su ji tsoro ko kunyar yin magana game da shi. Anyi rajistar Siwe a matsayin "riba mai zaman kanta ta duniya da aka sadaukar don inganta wayar da kan jama'ar game da al'umar bakaken fata ta duniya." An ƙaddamar da aikin a watan Disamba 2011. A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2013, an gabatar da "Ranar kunya ta farko" a kafofin watsa labarun, inda ake ƙarfafa mutanen da ke fama da matsananciyar wahala ko rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa su sanya labarun su ba tare da kunya ga duniya ba. "Wata dama ce ga mutane a duniya suyi zanga-zangar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa [tare da] tattaunawa ta gaskiya game da kyamar cutar tabin hankali, kamuwa da cutar, da kuma zabin magani. Dalilin ranar rashin kunya shine don ƙarfafa mutane da yawa don neman magani ba tare da kunya ba.
Littattafan Farko: Ni Gaskiya nake fada Amma Ina kwance A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2017, an ba da sanarwar cewa, littafinta na farko, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da Yin Abokai Tare da Gattawa za ta buga ta Harper Perennial a cikin shekarar 2018. An bayyana littafin a matsayin "wani aiki mai zurfi na sirri wanda ke ba da tarihin rayuwar marubucin ɗan Ba-Amerikan wanda ke rayuwa tare da rashin damuwa da damuwa na Bipolar II, da kuma wata mace mai launi da kuma magance ƙiyayya da ke tattare da shi." Littafin, a ƙarshe aka sake sunan shi Na Ba da Gaskiya ne Amma Ina Amince an buga shi a watan Agusta na 2019, kuma cikin sauri ya zama mai ba da izini a New York Times. An bayyana shi a matsayin "tarin rubutun labari mai ban mamaki" Kola Tubosun ya kira shi "wani taswirar taswira ga masu sha'awar koyo game da yadda cutar kwakwalwa ke shafar mutane."
Ayyukan da aka zaɓa "Wani lokacin shiru shine mafi yawan irin ihu" Magana mai magana Def Jam Season 2, Episode 3 (2003) "Homeward" Magana da aka yi magana Def Jam Season 3, Episode 3 (2004) "Diallo" Magana da aka yi magana Def Jam Season 4, Episode 3 (2005) "Ina so in sumbace ku" Magana da aka yi magana Def Jam Season 5, Episode 2 (2006) "Afuwa ga Mahaifina" Magana da aka yi magana Def Jam Season 6, Episode 5 (2007) "Shingewar Ganuwa" Magana da aka yi magana akan "Tasirin Yarinya" (2016)
Manazarta
Hadinwaje "Bassey Ikpi's Website"
"The Siwe Project Website"
Marubutan |
57768 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Henri%20Hector%2C%20Count%20of%20Estaing | Charles Henri Hector, Count of Estaing | Jean Baptiste Charles Henri Hector,Count of Estaing (24 Nuwamba 1729 28 Afrilu 1794)wani janar na Faransa ne kuma jajibi.Ya fara hidimarsa a matsayin soja a Yakin Nasara na Austriya,a taƙaice ya yi zaman fursuna na yaƙin Birtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai.Abubuwan da sojojin ruwa suka yi a lokacin yakin na ƙarshe ya sa shi canza rassan hidima, kuma ya koma Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa.
Bayan shigar Faransa zuwa yakin Independence na Amurka a 1778,d'Estaing ya jagoranci rundunar jiragen ruwa don taimakawa 'yan tawayen Amurka. Ya shiga cikin gazawar Franco-Amurka na Newport, Rhode Island,a cikin 1778,da kuma 1779 Siege na Savannah bai yi nasara ba.Ya yi nasara a cikin Caribbean kafin ya koma Faransa a 1780.An ba da misali da matsalolinsa na aiki tare da takwarorinsu na Amurka daga cikin dalilan da suka sa waɗannan ayyuka a Arewacin Amurka suka gaza.
Duk da cewa d'Estaing ya ji tausayin masu juyin juya hali a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa,amma ya kasance da aminci ga dangin sarauta na Faransa.Saboda haka ya shiga cikin tuhuma, kuma an kashe shi ta hanyar guillotine a cikin Mulkin Ta'addanci Shekarun farko An haife shi a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1729 a Château de Ravel a Auvergne zuwa Charles-François,Marquis de Saillant da Marie-Henriette Colbert de Maulevrier,zuriyar Jean-Baptiste Colbert .Mahaifinsa Laftanar Janar ne a cikin Sojojin Faransa daga dangi da ke da dogon tarihin hidima ga kambin Faransa. Matashin d'Estaing ya sami ilimi tare da Louis,Dauphin (mahaifi na gaba Louis XVI ),wanda aka haife shi kusan lokaci guda.Don haka D'Estaing ya zama abokantaka na kud da kud da Dauphin kuma ya yi hidima a gidan sa.
A watan Mayun 1738 yana da shekaru 9 ya kasance a cikin sunan Musketeers,kamar yadda danginsa aristocratic suka zaba masa soja fiye da aikin gwamnati.Ya tashi cikin matsayi, daga ƙarshe ya shiga Regiment de Rouergue (fr.) a matsayin laftanar a 1746.A wannan shekarar ya auri Marie-Sophie, jikanyar Marshal Château-Renault .An kira rundunarsa don yin hidima a Yaƙin Nasara na Austriya .D'Estaing ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki-de-sansanin zuwa Marshal Saxe a cikin yakin Flanders na 1746-48.A cikin wadannan shekaru an kara masa girma zuwa kanar a matsayin kwamandan Regiment de Rouergue,kuma ya ji rauni a 1748 Siege na Maastricht Bayan yakin Sarki Louis XV ya fara wani shiri na sabunta sojojinsa a kan samfurin Frederick the Great 's Prussian Army.D'Estaing ya zama daya daga cikin manyan masu kawo sauyi.Bayan 'yan shekaru,an kalli Regiment de Rouergue "a matsayin abin koyi na sojojin ƙasa".Da yake neman samun gogewa a fannin diflomasiyya,d'Estaing ya raka jakadan Faransa a Ingila na wani lokaci.
Yakin Shekara Bakwai a Indiya Lokacin da rikici ya barke tsakanin Turawan Ingila da Faransawa a Arewacin Amirka,d'Estaing ya yi la'akari da shiga cikin sojojin Louis-Joseph de Montcalm da suka yi tafiya a cikin 1755,amma danginsa sun hana shi yin haka.Sa’ad da aka shirya balaguro zuwa Gabashin Indiya,ya nemi ya shiga ba tare da tuntuɓar iyalinsa ba.An tabbatar da shigarsa ne lokacin da aka yi masa karin girma zuwa ga birgediya-janar,muddin zai iya mika umurninsa ga wani,wanda ya yi.A farkon Janairu 1757, jim kadan kafin a hau,d'Estaing aka bayar da Order of Saint Louis.
Yaƙin Lally Bayan doguwar tafiya,rundunar sojojin comte d'Aché,ɗauke da sojojin balaguro wanda kwamandan ƙasar shi ne count de Lally, sun isa birnin Cuddalore da Birtaniyya ta mamaye a kudancin Indiya a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 1758.Lally ya sauke sojojinsa,ya kafa shingen shinge a kusa da garin,sannan ya tafi Pondicherry don tsara jigilar kayan yaƙi.A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu sojojin Faransa sun mamaye garin tare da killace wani bangare na Fort St.David.An yi jinkirin zuwan na'urorin kewayen,amma a karshe rundunar ta tilasta yin mika wuya bayan shafe kwanaki 17 na aikin kawanya. D'Estaing ya umarci hagu na Lally,yana kula da hanyoyin da kuma sanya batura.Ya ci gaba da hidima a karkashin Lally a yakin da ya yi da Birtaniya a kudancin Indiya.Ya yi adawa da matakin Lally na ɗage kewayen Tanjore (wanda kawai a cikin majalisar yaƙin Lally da ya yi hakan) bayan kama Karikal na Burtaniya. Lokacin da Lally ya fara kewaye Madras a watan Disamba 1758,an sanya sashin Estaing a tsakiyar layin Faransanci. Lokacin da turawan ingila suka yi wa wannan bangaren,d'Estaing ya ci gaba shi kadai ya leka musu motsin su.Sojojin Biritaniya sun kewaye shi,ba su da doki,kuma bayonet sun ji masa rauni sau biyu kafin ya mika wuya. An kai D'Estaing zuwa Madras, inda aka tsare shi da umarnin Gwamna George Pigot Pigot yayi tayin sakin shi akan parole,amma d'Estaing ya ki, ya gwammace a musanya shi domin ya ci gaba da fada. Zuwan wani jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya daga Madras a watan Fabrairun 1759 ya shawo kan d'Estaing don karɓar tayin sakin layi,wanda ke da sharadi akan kada ya yi yaƙi da Burtaniya a Gabashin Indiya. A watan Mayu 1759 ya tashi zuwa Île-de-Faransa Mauritius na |
34207 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhari%20District | Zhari District | Zhari gunduma ce a lardin Kandahar, a ƙasar Afganistan. Madadin rubutun kalmomi sun haɗa da Zheley (saboda fassarar fassarar daga Pashto Zharey, Zharay, Zheri, ko Zheray An kirkiro gundumar a cikin 2004 daga ƙasar da a da ta kasance yanki na gundumar Maywan da Panjwai An kiyasta yawan jama'a a 80,700 (2010).
Geography Zhari yana kan iyakar arewacin kogin Arghandab, wanda ke tafiya gabas zuwa yamma ta lardin Kandahar. Babban yankin wani lokaci ana kiransa da Arghandab Valley. Yankin da aka gina da kuma noma na Zhari ya kai kusan 30 km gabas zuwa yamma da 8 km arewa zuwa kudu, tsakanin kogi da Babbar Hanya 1 Yawancin gine-ginen gine-ginen laka ne mai bene guda, tare da kunkuntar, tituna masu jujjuyawa da hanyoyin tafiya. Banda su ne bukkoki na bushewar inabi, waɗanda manyan gine-gine ne, waɗanda tsayin su ya kai mita 20, sun watsu a cikin karkara. Inabi, opium poppies da cannabis (na hashish sune mafi yawan amfanin gona. Ana shayar da filayen noma ne ta hanyar hadadden tsarin wadis da ke tafiya daidai da kogin Arghandab. Yankin arewacin Babbar Hanya 1 ya fi hamada-kamar tare da tsaunukan tsaunuka masu tsayi na kusan 200-400m tsayi.
Tarihi An ƙirƙiri gundumar daga ƙasar da a da ta kasance yanki na gundumar Maywan da Panjwai a cikin 2004. Shugaba Hamid Karzai ne ya kirkiro shi a matsayin tukuici ga Habibullah Jan, shugaban yakin Alizai wanda ya taimaka wajen fatattakar 'yan Taliban a Kandahar Siyasa Shurah ita ce tushen tsarin mulki a Zhari. Halin kabilanci na gundumar ba shi da bambanci da siyasa, yana sa tsarin yanke shawara ya zama mai wahala da ɗaukar lokaci.
Cibiyar gundumar Zhari, wurin zama na gwamnati ga gundumar, tana kusa da Pasab Bazaar a Pasab Cibiyar gundumar kuma tana kusa da Forward Operating Base Pasab (FOB Pasab), wani tsohon sansanin sojojin hadin gwiwa wanda yanzu ke karkashin kulawar Jami'an tsaron Afghanistan Jamal Agha shi ne gwamnan gundumar tun daga ranar 28 ga Maris 2015. Muhammed Naez Sarhadi da Karim Jan sun kasance gwamnonin baya. Mohammad Masoum Khan yana jagorantar rundunar 'yan sandan Afghanistan a gundumar har zuwa 26 ga Janairu 2015.
Kabilu Yawancin mutanen Zhari 'yan kabilar Pashtun ne. Akwai aƙalla ƙabilu goma sha biyu, waɗanda suka fi yawa su ne Alizai, Achakzai, Noorzai da Ghilzai Yawancin kabilun makiyaya suna ratsa yankunan arewacin Zhari tsakanin gundumar Maywan da Arghandab Karamar hukuma Yanayin siyasa na Zhari yana canzawa bisa lokaci. Yawancin ƙananan ƙauyuka suna ɗauke da sunan dattijon yankin. Tarin waɗannan ƙananan ƙauyuka ana iya siffanta su da sako-sako a matsayin gundumomi. A halin yanzu Zhari yana da gundumomi masu zuwa:
Na Kariz
Nalgham
Sangsar
Kolk
Gariban
Siah Choy
Sablaghay
Pashmul
Asakeh
Sanzari
Rikici, 2001-2021 NATO da ISAF na ci gaba da kokarin tallafawa gwamnatin Karzai da murkushe 'yan tawaye. Taliban tana da tushe sosai a cikin tarihin Zhari da ƙoƙarin yin tasiri ta hanyar tsarin mullah da dattawa (duba Tadawar Taliban Lamarin dai na dada sarkakiya daga bangaren masu fada a ji da masu aikata laifuka wadanda kuma suke kokarin rage karfin gwamnati a yankin don cimma wata manufa tasu. A 2 A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2006 ne jiragen saman NATO suka kai farmakin, inda suke farautar mayakan Taliban, da ke da nisan mil mil daga wurin Operation Medusa na watan Satumba na 2006, daya daga cikin fadace-fadacen da aka yi tsakanin sojojin kasashen Yamma da masu tayar da kayar baya tun bayan hambarar da gwamnatin Taliban a 2001. A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2013, an kashe sojojin Amurka na musamman 4 tare da raunata 12 a wani samame da aka kai a gundumar Zhari. Wasu bama-bamai da wani dan kunar bakin wake ne suka kashe sojojin kawancen. Wani mai magana da yawun Taliban ya yi ikirarin cewa an sanya ababen fashewa ne a cikin wani gida tare da tayar da su lokacin da sojoji suka shiga. Yayin da wasu sojoji suka shiga domin taimakawa wadanda suka mutu, wani dan kunar bakin wake ya tayar da bam din da ke jikinsa.
Duba kuma Khosrow Sofla
Tarok Kolache
Nassoshi
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Taswirar sassan da ke da yawan jama'a da iyakokin gundumar, Cibiyar Nazarin Yaƙi
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba |
42192 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20V | George V | George V (an haifeshi ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1865 20 Janairu 1936) shi ne Sarkin Burtaniya da Masarautar Burtaniya, kuma Sarkin Indiya, daga 6 ga watan Mayu 1910 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1936.
Tarihin rayuwar
An haife shi a lokacin mulkin Kakarsa Sarauniya Victoria, George shine ɗa na biyu na Albert Edward, Yariman Wales, kuma shine na uku a jerin magajin masarautar Burtaniya a bayan mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa, Prince Albert Victor Daga shekarar 1877 zuwa shekarar 1892, George ya yi aiki a cikin Royal Navy, har zuwa mutuwar ɗan'uwansa ba zato ba tsammani a farkon 1892 ya sa shi kai tsaye a kan gadon sarauta. George ya auri budurwar ɗan'uwansa, Gimbiya Victoria Mary of Teck, a shekara mai zuwa, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya shida. Bayan mutuwar Sarauniya Victoria a shekarar 1901, mahaifin George ya hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin Edward VII, kuma an halicci George Yariman Wales Ya zama sarki-sarki a lokacin mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekarar 1910.
George ya sha fama da matsalolin lafiya da ke da alaƙa da shan taba a duk tsawon mulkinsa. Mutuwarsa ta faru ne a watan Janairu shekarar 1936, babban ɗansa, Edward VIII ya gaje shi. Edward ya yi murabus a watan Disamba na wannan shekarar kuma ƙanensa Albert, wanda ya ɗauki sunan sarauta George VI ya gaje shi.
Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi George a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1865, a Gidan Marlborough, London. Shi ne ɗa na biyu na Albert Edward, Yariman Wales, da Alexandra, Gimbiya Wales Mahaifinsa shine ɗan fari ga Sarauniya Victoria da Yarima Albert, kuma mahaifiyarsa ita ce babbar 'yar Sarki Christian IX da Sarauniya Louise ta Denmark An yi masa baftisma a Windsor Castle a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1865 ta Archbishop na Canterbury, Charles Longley A matsayin ɗan ƙarami na Yariman Kasar Wales, ba a yi tsammanin George zai zama sarki ba. Ya kasance na uku a kan karagar mulki, bayan mahaifinsa, kuma ɗan'uwansa, Prince Albert Victor. George yana da shekaru 17 kawai watanni kasa da Albert Victor, kuma sarakunan biyu sun sami ilimi tare. An nada John Neale Dalton a matsayin mai koyarwa a 1871. Albert Victor ko George ba su yi fice a hankali ba. Kamar yadda mahaifinsu yayi tunanin cewa sojojin ruwa shine "mafi kyawun horo ga kowane yaro", a cikin Satumba 1877, lokacin George yana ɗan shekara 12. shekaru, 'yan'uwa biyu sun shiga jirgin HMS <i id="mwVA">Britannia</i> na horo a Dartmouth, Devon Shekaru uku daga shekarar 1879, sarakunan sun yi hidima a HMS Bacchante, tare da Dalton. Sun zagaya yankunan daular Biritaniya a cikin Caribbean, Afirka ta Kudu da Kasar Ostiraliya, kuma sun ziyarci Norfolk, Virginia, da Kudancin Amurka, Bahar Rum, Masar, da Gabashin Asiya. A shekarar 1881 a ziyarar da ya kai Japan, George yana da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na gida tattoo blue da ja dragon a hannunsa, kuma Sarkin sarakuna Meiji ya karɓe shi a cikin masu sauraro; George da ɗan’uwansa sun ba Empress Haruko da wallabies biyu daga Ostiraliya. Dalton ya rubuta labarin tafiyarsu mai suna The Cruise of HMS Bacchante Tsakanin Melbourne da Sydney, Dalton ya rubuta wani gani na Flying Dutchman, wani jirgin ruwa na almara. Lokacin da suka koma Biritaniya, Sarauniyar ta yi korafin cewa jikokinta ba za su iya magana da Faransanci ko Jamusanci ba, don haka suka shafe watanni shida a Lausanne a wani yunƙuri na koyon wani yare da bai yi nasara ba. Bayan Lausanne, ’yan’uwa sun rabu; Albert Victor ya halarci Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge, yayin da George ya ci gaba a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa Ya zagaya duniya, inda ya ziyarci yankuna da dama na Daular Burtaniya. A lokacin aikinsa na sojan ruwa ya umarci Torpedo Boat 79 a cikin ruwa na gida, sannan HMS Thrush akan Arewacin Amurka da Tashar Indies ta Yamma Sabis ɗin aikinsa na ƙarshe shine umarnin HMS <i id="mweQ">Melampus</i> a shekarar 1891-1892. Tun daga nan, matsayinsa na sojan ruwa ya kasance mai daraja sosai.
Aure A matsayin saurayi da aka ƙaddara don yin hidima a sojan ruwa, Yarima George ya yi aiki na shekaru da yawa a ƙarƙashin umarnin kawunsa Prince Alfred, Duke na Edinburgh, wanda ke zaune a Malta A can baya, ya girma kusa kuma ya ƙaunaci ɗan uwansa Gimbiya Marie na Edinburgh Kakarsa, mahaifinsa da kawu duk sun amince da wasan, amma mahaifiyarsa da mahaifiyar Marie sun yi adawa da shi. Gimbiya Wales ta yi tunanin dangin sun kasance masu goyon bayan Jamusawa, kuma Duchess na Edinburgh ba ya son Ingila. Duchess, 'yar Alexander II na Rasha, ta ji haushin gaskiyar cewa, a matsayinta na matar wani ƙaramin ɗan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, dole ne ta ba da fifiko ga mahaifiyar George, Gimbiya Wales, wanda mahaifinsa ya kasance ɗan ƙaramin Jamus. Yarima kafin a kira shi ba zato ba tsammani a kan karagar Denmark. Mahaifiyarta ta jagorance ta, Marie ta ƙi George lokacin da ya nemi ta. Ta auri Ferdinand, sarkin Romania na gaba, a shekarar 1893. A watan Nuwamba shekaran 1891, ɗan'uwan George, Albert Victor, ya shiga cikin ɗan uwansa na biyu da zarar an cire Gimbiya Victoria Mary na Teck, wanda aka sani da "Mayu" a cikin iyali. Iyayenta su ne Francis, Duke na Teck (wani memba na morganatic, reshen cadet na House of Württemberg da Gimbiya Mary Adelaide ta Cambridge, jikanyar George III da ɗan uwan farko na Sarauniya Victoria.
Duke of York Mutuwar ƙanensa ta kawo ƙarshen aikin sojan ruwa na George, domin a yanzu shi ne na biyu a kan karagar mulki, bayan mahaifinsa. An kirkiri gunkn George Duke na York, Earl of Inverness, da Baron Killarney ta Sarauniya Victoria a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu 1892, kuma ya sami darussa a tarihin tsarin mulki daga JR Tanner Duke da Duchess na York suna da 'ya'ya maza biyar da mace guda Randolph Churchill ya yi iƙirarin cewa George babban uba ne, har ’ya’yansa suna firgita da shi, kuma George ya faɗa wa Earl na Derby “Mahaifina ya tsoratar da mahaifiyarsa, na tsorata mahaifina, ni kuma na ji tsoro. Ni wallahi zan ga yarana sun tsorata dani." A hakikanin gaskiya, babu wata madogara ta kai tsaye ga zancen kuma mai yiyuwa ne salon tarbiyyar George bai bambanta da wanda yawancin mutane suka dauka a lokacin ba. Ko abin ya kasance ko a'a, 'ya'yansa sun yi fushi da halinsa mai tsanani, dansa Yarima Henry ya kai ga kwatanta shi a matsayin "mummunan uba" a shekarun baya. A watan Oktoba shekara ta 1894, kawun mahaifiyar George, Alexander III na Rasha, ya mutu. A bukatar mahaifinsa, "saboda girmamawa ga matalauta masoyi Uncle Sasha ta memory", George ya shiga iyayensa a Saint Petersburg don jana'izar. Shi da iyayensa sun kasance a Rasha don bikin aure bayan mako guda na sabon Sarkin Rasha, dan uwansa na farko na mahaifiyarsa Nicholas II, zuwa daya daga cikin 'yan uwan farko na mahaifin George, Gimbiya Alix na Hesse da Rhine, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa. amarya ga babban wa George.
Zama a matsayin Yariman Wales A matsayin Duke na York, George ya aiwatar da ayyuka iri-iri ga jama'a. A mutuwar Sarauniya Victoria a ranar 22 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1901, mahaifin George ya hau kan karagar mulki a matsayin Sarki Edward VII George ya gaji sunan Duke na Cornwall, kuma ga yawancin sauran wannan shekarar, an san shi da Duke na Cornwall da York. A shekarar 1901, Duke da Duchess sun zagaya daular Burtaniya Ziyarar tasu ta hada da Gibraltar, Malta, Port Said, Aden, Ceylon, Singapore, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Mauritius, Afirka ta Kudu, Kanada, da Colony na Newfoundland Sakataren mulkin mallaka Joseph Chamberlain ne ya tsara wannan rangadin tare da goyon bayan Firayim Minista Lord Salisbury don ba da lada ga Masarautar don shiga cikin yakin Afirka ta Kudu na 1899-1902. George ya ba da dubunnan lambobin yabo na musamman na yakin Afirka ta Kudu ga sojojin mulkin mallaka. A Afirka ta Kudu, jam'iyyar sarauta ta gana da shugabannin jama'a, shugabannin Afirka, da fursunoni na Boer, kuma an tarbe su da kayan ado, kyaututtuka masu tsada, da wasan wuta. Duk da haka, ba duka mazauna yankin ne suka amsa wannan rangadin ba. Yawancin fararen fata na Cape Afrikan sun nuna rashin jin daɗi da nunawa da kuma kashe kuɗi, yakin ya raunana karfinsu don daidaita al'adun Afirkaner-Dutch tare da matsayinsu na Birtaniya. Masu suka a cikin jaridu na Turanci sun yi tir da tsadar da aka kashe a daidai lokacin da iyalai suka fuskanci wahala mai tsanani. A Ostiraliya, George ya buɗe taron farko na Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya bayan ƙirƙirar Commonwealth of Australia A kasar New Zealand, ya yaba da kimar soja, jarumtaka, aminci, da biyayya ga aikin ‘yan New Zealand, kuma ziyarar ta bai wa New Zealand damar nuna ci gaban da ta samu, musamman wajen daukar matakan zamani na Birtaniyya a fannin sadarwa. da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyaki. Babban manufar ita ce tallata sha'awar New Zealand ga 'yan yawon bude ido da kuma bakin haure, tare da guje wa labarai na karuwar tashin hankali na zamantakewa, ta hanyar mai da hankali ga 'yan jaridu na Birtaniya a kan ƙasar da 'yan kaɗan suka sani. A lokacin da ya koma Biritaniya, a cikin wani jawabi a Guildhall, London, George ya yi gargaɗi game da “ra’ayin da ya yi kama da ya mamaye ’yan’uwan [mu] da ke ƙetare teku, cewa Tsohuwar Ƙasar dole ne ta farka idan ta yi niyyar ci gaba da riƙe tsohon matsayinta na farko. -ta yi fice a cinikinta na mulkin mallaka da masu fafatawa a kasashen waje." A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1901, an halicci George Prince of Wales da Earl na Chester Sarki Edward ya yi fatan shirya dansa don matsayinsa na sarki a nan gaba. Sabanin Edward da kansa, wanda Sarauniya Victoria ta cire shi da gangan daga harkokin jihar, mahaifinsa ya ba George damar samun dama ga takardun jihar. Shi kuma George ya ba wa matarsa damar samun takardunsa, yayin da yake daraja shawararta kuma ta kan taimaka wajen rubuta maganganun mijinta. A matsayinsa na Yariman Wales, ya goyi bayan garambawul a horar da sojojin ruwa, gami da daliban da aka yi rajista a shekaru goma sha biyu da goma sha uku, kuma suna samun ilimi iri daya, komai ajin su da kuma ayyukan da aka ba su. An aiwatar da gyare-gyaren ta hannun Ubangiji na biyu (daga baya na farko) Sea Lord, Sir John Fisher Daga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1905 zuwa watan Maris 1906, George da May sun zagaya Birtaniya Indiya, inda ya ji kyama da wariyar launin fata kuma ya yi yakin neman shigar Indiyawa cikin gwamnatin kasar. A yawon shakatawa da aka kusan nan da nan ya biyo bayan wani tafiya zuwa Spain domin bikin aure na Sarki Alfonso XIII zuwa Victoria Eugenie na Battenberg, a farko dan uwan George, a abin da amarya da ango kunkuntar kauce wa kisa Mako guda bayan sun koma Biritaniya, George da Mayu sun yi tafiya zuwa Norway don nadin sarautar Sarki Haakon VII, ɗan uwan George kuma surukin George, da Sarauniya Maud, 'yar'uwar George.
Mulki A 6 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1910, Edward VII ya mutu, kuma George ya zama sarki. Ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa na sirri.
Siyasar kasa
Nadin soja 18 July 1900: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment)
1 January 1901: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Marine Forces
25 February 1901: Personal Naval Aide-de-Camp to the King
29 November 1901: Honorary Colonel of the 4th County of London Yeomanry Regiment (King's Colonials)
21 December 1901: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers
12 November 1902: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
8 March 1912: Colonel-in-Chief of the 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles
8 March 1912: Colonel-in-Chief of the 1st (Canterbury) Regiment
April 1917: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Flying Corps (Naval and Military Wings)
Manazarta
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57747 | https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20de%20Gabaret | Nicolas de Gabaret | Gabriel-Jean Nicolas Gabaret de Saint-Sornin (18 ga Agusta 1641 25 ga Yuni 1712)wani jami'in mulkin mallaka ne na Faransa wanda ya kasance gwamnan Grenada a Yammacin Indies na Faransa,sannan sama da shekaru ashirin yana gwamna Martinique.Ya kasance mataimakin babban hakimin Antilles na Faransa,kuma sau biyu yana rike da mukamin gwamna janar na Antilles na Faransa.A shekarar da ta gabata ya zama gwamnan Saint-Domingue
Shekarun farko An haifi Gabriel-Jean Nicolas Gabaret a ranar 18 ga Agusta 1641 a Saint-Martin-de-Ré,Charente-Maritime.Iyayensa sune Mathurin Gabaret (1602-1671),Laftanar Janar na sojojin ruwa da Marie Baron.A ranar 10 Afrilu 1673 ya auri Marie-Anne Grassineau des Enfrais des Essarts a La Rochelle,Charente-Maritime. Sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai.Ta hanyar aurensa ya zama mai kula da Saint-Sornin( fr )a sashen Vendée.Ɗansu,kuma Gabriel-Jean-Nicolas de Gabaret,ya gaji gidan sarauta na Saint-Sornin.
Gwamnan Grenada An nada Gabaret gwamnan Grenada na sarki a 1680. Gabaret ya kasance mai hannun jari a matatar sukari na Mouillage akan Martinique,kamar yadda Marquis de Maintenon ya kasance.A shekara ta 1683,an ba da sunayen su duka a cikin gunaguni game da cinikin haramtacciyar hanya a tsibirin.Hanya daya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce ta loda sukari a Martinique,a bayyana adadin da ake fitarwa zuwa ga jami’in kwastam na gida,a tashi zuwa yankin Ingilishi na tsibirin Saint Christopher a sayar da shi,sannan a maye gurbinsa da sukari daga yankin Faransa na tsibirin sannan a ci gaba da zuwa Faransa.Sarkin ya san haramtacciyar fatauci amma ba zai iya yin kome ba don tabbatar da doka.
Gwamnan Martinique A cikin watan Yuli na 1689 sarki ya nada Charles de Pechpeyrou-Comminges de Guitaut gwamnan tsibirin Saint Christopher kuma ya ba shi mukamin laftanar janar na tsibiran Amurka,wanda mutuwar Claude de Roux de Saint-Laurent ya rabu da shi.A ranar 16 ga Yuni 1689 Louis XIV ya nada Gabaret gwamnan Martinique a madadin Guitaut.Gabaret ya shigar da baturin Saint-Nicolas don kare bakin tekun Saint-Pierre. A cikin 1693 Gabaret da gwamna Janar Charles de Courbon de Blénac sun kori turawan Ingila lokacin da suka yi yunkurin mamayewa da karfin mazaje 4,000. Yakin Ingila karkashin Admiral Francis Wheler yana da jiragen yaki 15 3 jiragen wuta na kashe gobara 28 da sojoji kusan 2,000,wanda Barbados ya kara wasu maza 1,000. Gabaret an shirya don kare Saint Pierre a kan Ingilishi,amma a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1693 sun ketare garin suka ci gaba da kare Cul-de-Sac Marin a kudu maso gabashin tsibirin. Turawan Ingila sun mamaye wani babban yanki da 'yan adawa kadan.Ƙarfafa turancin Ingilishi a ƙarƙashin Kyaftin Janar Christopher Codrington ya isa cikin makonni biyu,amma haɗin gwiwar ba su shiga cikin mummunan fada ba.Bature ya ɗauki bayi 3,000 baƙar fata,wanda aka kiyasta akan 60,000.Sun kai hari mara inganci a kan Saint Pierre,sannan suka bar tsibirin.Gabaret an mai da shi chevalier na Order of Saint Louis a 1701.
Mukaddashin gwamna janar Charles de Pechpeyrou-Comminges de Guitaut,mukaddashin gwamnan Antilles,ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1702.A ranar 17 ga Satumba 1702 aka nada Gabaret mukaddashin laftanar gwamna har zuwa lokacin da Charles-François de Machault de Belmont ya isa Martinique a ranar 4 ga Maris 1703.
A lokacin Yaƙin Mulkin Mutanen Espanya,a ranar 6 ga Maris 1703 wani jirgin ruwa na Ingila mai ɗauke da jiragen ruwa 45 ɗauke da sojoji 4,000 da sojoji 4,000 sun isa Guadeloupe,wanda gwamna Charles Auger ya yi ƙoƙarin kare shi daga manyan sojojin Ingila.A ƙarshen Maris Machault de Bellemont ya isa Martinique yana kawo haɓakar Gabaret zuwa na biyu a matsayin kwamandan Antilles laftanar du roi au gouvernement général a madadin Guitaut. Ya sami mai son Robert yana tattara abubuwan ƙarfafawa don Guadeloupe.Gabaret ya isa Guadeloupe tare da ƙarfafawa a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1703 kuma ya dauki kwamandan tsaro.Mataimakansa na sansanin sune Bonnaventure-François de Boisfermé,gwamnan Marie-Galante,da biyu daga cikin hadiman sarki Louis Gaston de Cacqueray de Valmenier da Jean Clair Dyel Du Parquet.Gabaret ya yi amfani da dabarun da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba a Guadeloupe, yana lalata albarkatu kafin ya dawo daga mahara zuwa cikin gida,sannan ya tursasa su yayin da cututtuka,sha da rashin abinci ya rage musu karfi.Hanyar taka tsantsan na Gabaret ya ba Ingilishi lokaci don haifar da babbar illa ga tsibirin. Barnar da aka yi wa masu shukar ba su yi farin ciki sosai ba.Ya yi tasiri.Turawan Ingila sun janye sojojinsu a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1703 kuma suka tashi daga jirgin ruwa bayan kwanaki uku.
Machault ya mutu a Martinique a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1709. An sake nada Gabaret a matsayin gwamna janar.
Shekarun baya Raymond Balthazar Phélypeaux an nada shi gwamna kuma Laftanar-janar na tsibiran Faransa da babban yankin, kuma an karbe shi a Martinique a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1711. Phélypeaux ya gano cewa Gabaret ya ƙyale garu da batura na Martinique ya bar shekaru biyu.Ya fara aiki a kan maido da tsaro,kuma a lokacin da Gabaret ya ki amincewa da umarninsa ya dakatar da shi a ranarga Afrilu 1711.Gabaret ya mutu bayan an nada shi gwamnan Saint Domingue don samun ladan ayyukansa.Ya mutu a Saint Domingue a ranar 25 ga Yuni |