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14003

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chioma%20Chukwuka

Chioma Chukwuka

Chioma Chukwuka (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Maris, shekara ta alif 1980A.c), itace wanda aka lasafta ta Chioma Chukwuka Akpotha ko Chioma Akpotha yar wasan Najeriya ce kuma mai shirya fina-finai. A shekara ta 2007 ta sami lambar yabo ta Movie Movie Academy Award don "Mafi nuna fina-finai a cikin jagorancin jagoranci", kuma lambar yabo ta Afro Hollywood ta nuna mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin rawar da ta dace a shekarar 2010. Farkon rayuwa An haifi Chioma Chukwuka ce a jihar Legas, Kuma ta girma ne daga Oraifite, karamar hukumar Ekwusigo, jihar Anambra, Nigeria. Ta kammala karatun ta na firamare a Onward Nursery da Primary School a jihar Legas, daga nan ta wuce zuwa Kwalejin 'Yan mata ta Gwamnatin Tarayya da ke Onitsha, Jihar Anambra don yin karatun sakandare. Daga nan kuma ta wuce zuwa Jami’ar Jihar Legas, inda ta karanci Banki da Kudi. Aiki Rawar da Chioma Chukwuka ta fara takawa da farawarta a cikin fim shine cikin fim din "The Apple" a shekarar 2000. Ta kuma yi rawar gani a fim ɗin The Handkerchief a shekarar 2000. A shekara ta 2007 ta sami kyautar mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a jagora "a kyautar Academy Movie Awards don fim ɗin Sins of the naman Tare da shekaru 20 na gwaninta, ta yi tauraron fina -finai a cikin fina-finai sama da 350 na Nollywood, ta samar fina-finai 6 kuma suna da lambobin yabo da yawa a cikin ta. A matsayinta na mai shirya fina-finai, Chioma ta fito da wasu fina-finai sama da 8 wadanda suka hada da wadanda aka zaba wadanda aka baiwa kyautar On Bend Knees Ita ce kuma mai magana da yawun jama'a kuma mai ba da shawara. Ta ƙaddamar da wani tsarin inganta ƙarfin gini a cikin watan Janairun shekarar 2019, Masterclass Tare da Chioma (Masterclasschioma.com) inda matasa masu koyar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu zane-zane, masu shirya fina-finai, da sauran ƙwararrun masana'antu ke koyar da su. Babban-aji tare da Chioma A watan Janairun shekarar 2019, ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da wani tsari na samar da ƙarfafawa da ake kira Masterclass With Chioma, inda ake son baiwa, musamman 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu shirya fina-finai, masu zane-zane,' yan wasan kwaikwayo da sauran ƙwararrun masana'antu kan abin da ake buƙatar yin ta a fim, TV., da wasan kwaikwayo. Yarjejeniyar yarda Chioma Akpotha ta zama jakadiyar talla ta Erisco Foods a watan Nuwamba shekarar 2018. Chukwuka ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada mai farin jini ga wasu kamfanoni na kasuwanci na Najeriya da na duniya, gami da Globacom Nigeria, wani kamfanin sadarwa, Omo Detergent da Harpic Cleaner. Rayuwar mutum Chukwuka ta auri Franklyn Akpotha a shekarar 2006. Fina-finai Amatsayin yar'wasa 2000: The Apple 2000: Three Musketeers 2000: Handkerchief 2002: Sunrise 2002: The Final Clash 2003: Disguise 2003: Handsome 2003: Real Love 2003: Romantic Attraction 2004: Foul Play 2004: Unbroken Promise 2004: Two Become One 2004: Promise Fail 2004: Legacy 2004: Home Sickness 2004: Heavy Rain 2004: Circle of Tears 2005: War for War 2005: Years of Tears 2005: Sins of the Flesh Chukwuka won the African Movie Academy Award in 2007 for Best Actress for her role in this movie 2005: Second Adam 2005: Sacred Tradition 2005: Real Love 2 2005: Real Love 3 2005: Moment of Truth 2005: Knowing You 2005: Golden Moon 2005: Azima 2005: Fake Angel 2005: Eagle's Bride 2005: The Bridesmaid 2006: Wisdom of the Gods 2006: Zoza 2006: Traumatized 2006: Total Crisis 2006: Tears in My Heart 2006: Strange Love 2006: Sound of Love 2006: Serpent in Paradise 2006: Saviour 2006: The Saint 2006: Royal Insult 2006: Royal Doom 2006: On My Wedding Day 2006: Naked Sin 2006: On My Wedding Day 2006: Last Dance 2006: Holy Family 2006: Games Men Play Directed by Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen 2006: End of Discussion 2006: Desperate Ambition 2006: Dead in Faith 2006: Chinwe Okeke 2006: Asunder 2006: Ass on Fire 2006: Death In Faith 2007: Double Game 2008: Red Soil 2008: World Of Our Own 2008: Wind Of Sorrow 2009: Odum Na Akwaeke 2011: The Throne Is Mine 2011: Nne Ifedigo 2012: Cry No More 2013: On Bended Knees 2014: Heart Of Gold 2014: Warrior Sisters 2014: Aziza 2014: Warrior Sisters 2014: Sabina Makosa 2014: Magic Dragon 2014: Unforgiven 2014: Police On Duty 2014: Village Commando 2014: Nwaogo The House Maid 2015: Agbaranze 2015: Ezi Nwa Di Uko 2015: Rain Of Hope 2015: Chinasa My Love 2015: Nwanyi Nnewi 2015: Kamsi The Freedom Fighter 2015: The Lioness 2015: Amarachi 2015: Coffin Business 2015: Anelka 2015: Udu Bundle 2016: Rain Of Hope 2016: Evil Coffin 2016: Genesis Of Love 2016: The Flute Boy 2016: Marriage Crisis 2016: Sister Maria 2016: Akwaeke 2016: Wives On Strike I 2017: Evil Culture 2017: 2nd Coming Of Christ 2017: Innocent Murderer 2017: My Mother My Pain 2017: All For Love 2017: Heart of Ulimma 2017: King Uremma 2017: Reign Of Truth 2017: God Of Liberation 2017: My Mother 2017: Jehovah Witness 2017: Local Queen 2017: Somto 2017: Christmas Is Coming 2017: Choked 2017: Bird Watcher 2017: Village Champion 2017: The Unforeseen Truth 2017: Dangerous Confession 2017: Innocent Murderer 2017: The Tradition 2017: Broken Vow 2017: Beyond Trust 2017: Tender Heart 2018: Sound of Wisdom 2018: Let Me Love You 1 2018: Let Me Love You 2 2018: Deeper Than Pain 2018: Desperate Twins 2018: In Love Again After Heartbreak 1 2018: In Love Again After Heartbreak 2 2018: My Drum of Love 1 2018: My Drum of Love 2 2018: Life After Marriage 2018: Immortal Love 1 2018: Immortal Love 2 2018: Cause for Love 1 2018: Cause for Love 2 2018: Cause for Love 3 2018: Cause for Love 4 2018: Cause for Love 5 2018: Cause for Love 6 2018: The Ghost and the Tout 2018: Lara the Beat 2019: Void 2019: For Want Of A Queen 2019: In Your Dreams 2019: The Street Kid 2019: Rain of LOVE 2019: Dark Cloud A matsayin mai shiryawa 2013: A Kan Knees 2016: Kukan Mutuwar 2017: Zaɓa 2017: Bird Watcher 2019: Ga Fatan Sarauniya 2019: A cikin Mafarkan ku 2019: ruwan sama na soyayya 2019: Girgije mai duhu Kyaututtuka da kuma gabatarwa Manazarta Haifaffun

25752

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarah%20ibn%20Shaddad

Antarah ibn Shaddad

ANTARAH IBN SHADDAD AL-ABSYAfarkon rayuwarshi anfi kiranshi da "Antarah bin Zhabibah" Amman daga karshen rayuwarshi ya shahara da "Antarah bin Shaddad" Labarin AntaAntrah ibn Shadād Absī AD 525–608), ya kasance daya daga cikin shararrun labaran soyayya masu cike da al'ajabi dasuka faru ayankin larabawa bayan Labarin Lailah Majnoon Antarah yakasance dane ga wata baiwa me suna Zhabibah yatashi cikin tsangwama da tsana daga kabilar Absi sakamakon kasancewar mahaifiyarshi bakar fata daga Afrika kuma Baiwa sakamakon tsanar da akemishi hartakai Mahaifinshi Shaddad bayason andaganta Antarah dashi saboda tsabar nunu wariyar launi.Bayan gwagwarmaya dayasha Akan soyayyar Wata yar yayan Mahaifinshi Ablah bint Malek Antarah yakasance jarumi,kuma fitaccen mawaƙin Larabawa kafin Jahiliyya, ya shahara ga duka waƙoƙinsa da rayuwarsa mai jan hankali. Babban waƙarsa tana cikin jerin Mu'allaƙāt, tarin ƙamshi mai rataye bakwai da aka ce an dakatar da su a cikin Ka'aba Antarah yafara soyayyar Ablah tun yana matashi kaskantacce acikin kabilarsu Ablah Bani Absi mahaifiyarshi kanta bata goyi bayan wannan soyayya ba saboda tasan Bani Absi bazasu taba bada Auren kyakkywar mace irin Ablah ga Bakin Bawa ba, Amman ahaka Antarah yayita Neman haryar dazai gabatar da soyayyarshi ga Ablah bint Malek Amman yanajin shakkar cin mutunchin dazai fuskanta daga iyayenta. Kwatsam! Wata rana aka kawo farmaki akan kabilar Bani Absi gashi kuma Babban Ablah Malek da wasu mayakan kabilar duk basanan,Awannan rana ne jarumtar Antarah tafito fili saboda yanda yayi yaki da jarumta kuma yakwato masu matan Bani Absi da akafara kamawa amatsayin ribatattun yaki ciki kuwa hada Ablah Bint Malek,bayan Baban Ablah yadawo sukaji labarin jarumatar da Antarah yayi hakan tasa aka karramashi akamishi kyaututtuka nagirma kuma akafara dangantashi da Mahaifinshi wartou Antarah Ibn Shaddad daga wannan lokaci kuma yasamu damar nuna soyayyarshi ga Ablah afili kodayake duk dahaka Mahaifinta bayason yabada Aurenta ga Antarah,Malek yafison yabawa wani Baban attajiri Dan Kabilar Bani Absi. Lissafin rayuwarsa ya zama tushen dogon soyayya da saida rai tare da juriya a Soyayya. Rayuwa An haifi Antrah a Najd a ƙasar Larabawa Mahaifinsa shi ne Shaddād al-īAbī, jarumin Banu Abs da ake girmamawa a ƙarƙashin babbansu Zuhayr. [1] Mahaifiyarsa 'yar Habasha ce mai suna Zabeebah. [2] Ita gimbiya ce babansa ya kwace a matsayin bayi yayin wani hari na kabilar akan Axum [1] An bayyana shi a matsayin kukar Larabawa" (al-aghribah al-'Arab saboda launin ntaAntarah ta girma kuma bawa. Ya kamu da son yar uwansa Abalata, amma ba zai iya fatan aurenta ba saboda matsayinsa. [1] Hakanan ya sami ƙiyayya da matar mahaifinsa Shammeah. [1] Ya sami kulawa da girmamawa ga kansa ta kyawawan halayensa na sirri da ƙarfin hali a fagen fama, ya yi fice a matsayin ƙwararren mawaƙi kuma babban jarumi. Ya sami 'yanci bayan da wata kabila ta mamaye ƙasashen Banu Abs. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya ce masa, Antarah, ku yi yaƙi da mayaƙan Mahaifinsa ya amsa masa da cewa: "Ka kare ƙabilarka, ya ntarAntar, kuma kana da 'yanci". Bayan ya kayar da maharan, ya nemi neman izinin auren dan uwansa Don samun damar yin aure, Antarah ta fuskanci ƙalubale da suka haɗa da samun wani irin raƙumi daga masarautar Lakhmids ta arewacin Larabawa, sannan a ƙarƙashin Al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir Antarah ta shiga cikin babban yaƙin tsakanin ƙabilun bin Abs da Dhubyān, [2] wanda ya faro akan gasar dawakai, kuma aka sanya masa sunan yaƙin Dāhis da Ghabrā. Lokaci da yanayin mutuwarsa lamari ne na jayayya. Ibn Doreid ya sa Wasr-ben-Jaber ya kashe shi [1] ko a yaƙin da Tai, [2] yayin da a cewar Abu Obeida ya mutu mutuwa yanada shekara70-72 [1] 'Antarah ta shayari aka kyau kiyaye kuma sau da yawa ambatar chivalrous dabi'u, ƙarfin hali, kuma heroism a yaƙi, kazalika da da soyayya ga'Abla. Ba ta mutu ba lokacin da aka saka ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa a cikin Mu'allaƙat, tarin waƙoƙin almara da aka ce an dakatar da su a cikin Ka'aba [1] Mahimmancin waƙoƙinsa na tarihi da al'adu ya samo asali daga cikakken bayanin yaƙe -yaƙe, makamai, makamai, dawakai, hamada, da sauran jigogi daga zamaninsa. Labarin Antar da Abla sun shiga cikin tarihin waƙoƙin gargajiya wanda ake yiwa i, mawaƙi a kotun Hārūn al-Rashīd [1] Har yanzu ana karanta ta masu ba da labari na gargajiya a cikin gidajen kofi na Larabawa. Da muhimmancin da aka kwatanta da Turanci adabi 's Arthurian romances [1] Gidansa da bargarsa almara ce ta musamman. [1] Daya daga cikin dangi bakwai na Baitalami ana kiranta Anatreh, mai suna bayan Antarah. A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin masu kula da Cocin Nativity Mawaƙan Rasha Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov ya rubuta Symphony Na 2 dangane da labarin Antar. A cikin 1898 mai zanen Faransanci Étienne Dinet ya buga fassarar sa waƙar almara ta ƙarni na 13 Antar, wanda ya kawo Antar bin Shaddad ga sanarwar Turai. An bi shi da wasu abubuwan da aka samo asali kamar Diana Richmond's Antar da Abla wanda ya haɓaka bayyanar yamma ga almara Antar bin Shaddad. "Antar" shine taken wasan opera na Falasdinu na farko, wanda mawaƙin Falasdinawa Mustapha al-Kurd ya shirya a 1988. Mai zanen Labanon Rafic Charaf ya haɓaka daga 1960s jerin zane -zanen da ke nuna almara na Antar da Abla. Waɗannan ayyukan da ke nuna sha’awarsa a cikin sanannen labarin yankin ana ɗaukarsu ginshiƙi ne a cikin aikin mawakin. An buga wakokin Antara a cikin Wilhelm Ahlwardt 's Divans na tsoffin mawaƙan Larabci guda shida (London, 1870); an kuma buga su daban a Beirût (1888). Dangane da sahihancin su, cf. W. Ahlwardt's Bemerkungen über die Aechtheit der alten arabischen Gedichte (Greifswald, 1872), shafi. 50f ku. Soyayyar Antar (Sīrat 'Antar ibn Shadād) aiki ne wanda al'adar baka ta daɗe tana ba da ita; ya yi girma sosai kuma an buga shi a cikin juzu'i 32. a Alkahira (1889), kuma a cikin vol 10. a Beirût, 1871. Terrick Hamilton ya fassara shi a ƙarƙashin taken Antar, Romance Bedoueen (4 vols, London, 1820). [2] Bugu da kari, an fassara Sīrat 'Antar zuwa Turanci ta hanyar Fatih Sultan Mehmed a cikin 1477 AD. Ba a san mai fassarar fassarar ta Turkiya cikin mujalladi uku ba. Kwafin rubutun na fassarar Turkiya da aka fi sani da Qıssa-i 'Antar suna nan a cikin Dakin adana kayan tarihi na fadar Topkapı. Adabin larabci adabin soyayya Banu Abs Thornycroft Antar Tractor bututu na Burtaniya mai suna bayan ƙarfinsa da

53620

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheema%20Kermani

Sheema Kermani

Articles with hCards Sheema Kermani (wanda kuma aka rubuta Kirmani Urdu an haife shi 16 ga Janairun shekarar 1951) yar rawa ce ta gargajiya ta Pakistan kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Tehrik-e-Niswan Cultural Action Group (Ƙungiyar Mata). Ita ma fitacciyar rawa ce ta Bharatanatyam An san Kermani a matsayin mashahurin ɗan wasan raye-raye, mawaƙa, guru na rawa, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darakta, furodusa, kuma ɗan wasan TV da ke Karachi, Pakistan Ta bayar da shawarwari kan al'adu, 'yancin mata, da batutuwan zaman lafiya. Gudunmawar da ta yi na farko don haɓaka al'adu da wasan kwaikwayo a Pakistan tun shekarar 1978 ya haifar da yabo a duniya. Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi Kermani a ranar 16 ga Janairun shekara ta 1951 a Rawalpindi, Punjab Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a rundunar sojan Pakistan, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin birgediya sannan aka nada shi shugaban kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Karachi Iyalin mahaifinta sun samo asali ne daga birnin Lucknow kuma sun samo asali ne daga birnin Kerman na Iran, yayin da bangaren mahaifiyarta ya fito daga Hyderabad Deccan Kermani yana da ’yan’uwa biyu, dattijo da kanwa. Ta yi karatun ta a makarantun Convent a garuruwa daban-daban na Pakistan inda aka saka mahaifinta. A lokacin hutunta na makaranta, Kermani kan ziyarci kakaninta na uwa da ke zaune a Indiya kuma a nan ne ta fara sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo. Sana'a Lokacin da take da shekaru 8, Kermani ta fara koyon piano da kiɗan gargajiya na Yammacin Turai Tun tana shekara 13, ta fara koyon raye-rayen gargajiya na Indiya daga Mr. da Mrs. Ghanshyam (ma'aurata daga Calcutta, waɗanda suka kafa cibiyar rawa da kiɗa a Karachi). Daga baya ta shiga cibiyar su a matsayin ma'aikacin su da kuma yin gungun mutane. Kermani ita ce dan rawa daya tilo a Pakistan a tsawon shekarun mulkin Janar Zia-ul-Haq, lokacin da aka hana rawa kuma ya zama wani abu da gwamnati da malamai ba sa son su. Ta sami karatun farko daga Presentation Convent Rawalpindi. Bayan ta yi O-Level daga Convent of Jesus and Mary, Karachi, ta kammala karatunta na A-Level daga Karachi Grammar School sannan ta wuce Kwalejin Fasaha ta Croydon, London don yin karatun fasaha mai kyau Ta yi digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Punjab, Lahore, da Masters da M. Phil Degree a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Karachi, inda a halin yanzu ta yi rajista don PhD. Kermani ya fara koyon Bharatanatyam a tsakiyar shekarun 1960. Wasanta na farko na solo ya kasance a Pakistan a cikin 1984. A cikin 1988, ta tafi Indiya akan tallafin karatu na ICCR (Majalisar Al'adu ta Indiya) kuma ta yi karatun Bharatanatyam a ƙarƙashin Leela Samson, Kathak a ƙarƙashin Ram Mohan da Odissi a ƙarƙashin Guru Mayadhar Raut da Aloka Pannikar. Ta kuma gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na wasan kwaikwayo a karkashin jagorancin darektan wasan kwaikwayo Prasanna Ramaswamy a Karachi kuma ta jagoranci wata kungiyar al'adu, Tehrik-e-Niswan a Karachi. 2017 bayyanar A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2017, Kermani ya bayyana a wurin ibadar Lal Shahbaz Qalandar a Sehwan bayan harin kunar bakin wake na dabbanci kuma ya yi dhamal (wani salon rawa Sufi). Ta ba da wasa mai ban sha'awa kuma ta gaya wa manema labarai cewa babu wanda zai iya dakatar da kiɗa da rawa. Ta yi wasa a Faiz Aman Mela, Lahore, inda ta karrama Asma Jahangir Ta ce za mu iya samar da zaman lafiya, jituwa da daidaito ta hanyar son juna da kuma yada sakon soyayya ga juna. 2022 bayyanar A cikin Fabrairu 2022, ta fito a cikin bidiyon kiɗa don waƙar Pasoori a matsayin wani ɓangare na Season 14 na <i id="mwbQ">Coke Studio</i> An rufe wannan wasan kwaikwayon na musamman ta manyan kafofin watsa labaru na Indiya, gami da ThePrint da The Indian Express Ayyukan zamantakewa Kermani ya bayyana a matsayin mai ra'ayin mata da Markisanci Ta fahimci cewa mata a cikin al'ummar Pakistan ba za su iya samun daidaito a cikin al'umma ba don haka ta fara wani yunkuri mai suna 'Tehrik-e-Niswan' (Ƙungiyar Mata) kuma ta fito da muryarta ta neman 'yancinsu, batutuwan kiwon lafiya, ilimi da daidaito. Filmography Jerin Talabijan A cikin 2019, Taimur Rahim (mai shirya fina-finai na fim daga Pakistan) ya yi ɗan gajeren fim (mai suna: Tare da Karrarawa A Kan Rayuwa dangane da rayuwar Kermani. Fim ɗin ya mayar da hankali ne kan rayuwar ɗan wasan gargajiya da yaƙi don tabbatar da adalci a cikin zaman jama'a a zamanin gwamnatin Zia-ul-Haq kuma an sake shi a bikin fina-finai na Kudancin Asiya na Montreal (SAFFM). Fim ɗin ya sami lambobin yabo guda biyu Mafi kyawun Short Film da Kyautar Zabin Masu sauraro. Rayayyun mutane Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

53980

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/KL%20Rahul

KL Rahul

Kananur Lokesh Rahul (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Indiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin Wicketkeeper-Batsman na hannun dama na Karnataka a matakin cikin gida kuma shi ne kyaftin na Lucknow Super Giants a cikin Premier League na Indiya Ya kasance tsohon mataimakin kyaftin din kungiyar Cricket ta Indiya. Gabaɗaya yana taka leda a matsayin mai buɗewa a cikin Test da T20 game formats kuma yana taka leda cikin tsari na tsakiya a cikin ODIs. Rahul mai tsaron gida ne na yau da kullun a cikin gajerun tsarin wasan a matakin kasa da kasa da kuma a matakin cikin gida. Har ila yau, yana daya daga cikin fitattun mambobi a cikin jagorancin tattaunawar game da ka'idar yawan yajin aiki da aka wuce gona da iri a cikin T20s. Ya fara buga wasan farko na kasa da kasa a shekarar 2014 a kan Australia a wasan gwaji na ranar Boxing a Melbourne Shekaru biyu bayan gwajin farko, Rahul ya fara wasan farko na kasa da kasa a shekarar 2016 a kan Zimbabwe. Daga baya a wannan yawon shakatawa, ya fara T20I. Rahul shine dan wasan cricket na Indiya na farko da ya zira kwallaye na ODI a karon farko. Shi ne dan wasan da ya fi sauri don zira kwallaye a duniya a duk faɗin tsarin uku, ya ɗauki innings 20 kawai don cimma wannan aikin. Farkon rayuwar mutum An haifi Rahul a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1992 ga K. N. Lokesh da Rajeshwari a Bangalore Mahaifinsa Lokesh wanda ya fito ne daga Kananur, Magadi taluk, farfesa ne kuma tsohon darakta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa ta Karnataka (NITK) a Mangalore Mahaifiyarsa, Rajeshwari, farfesa ce a Jami'ar Mangalore Lokesh, wanda ya kasance mai sha'awar dan wasan crick Sunil Gavaskar, yana so ya ba da sunan ɗansa bayan Gavaskar's, amma ya yi kuskuren sunan Rohan Gavaskar ga Rahul. Rahul ya girma a Mangalore, ya kammala makarantar sakandare a NITK English Medium School da kuma jami'a a Kwalejin St. Aloysius Ya fara horar da wasan kurket yana da shekaru 10, kuma, bayan shekaru biyu, ya fara buga wasanni ga Bangalore United Cricket Club da kulob dinsa a Mangalore. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, ya koma Bangalore don yin karatu a Jami'ar Jain kuma ya ci gaba da aikinsa na wasan kurket. A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2023, Rahul ya auri abokin aikinsa na dogon lokaci, 'yar wasan Indiya Athiya Shetty, 'yar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Suniel Shetty, bayan ya yi soyayya sama da shekaru uku. Ayyukan cikin gida Rahul ya fara buga wasan kurket na farko a Karnataka a kakar 2010-11. A wannan kakar, ya wakilci kasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta ICC ta kasa da shekaru 19, inda ya zira kwallaye 143 a gasar. Ya fara bugawa gasar Firimiya ta Indiya a shekarar 2013, a Royal Challengers Bangalore A lokacin kakar 2013-14 na cikin gida ya zira kwallaye 1,033 na farko, na biyu mafi girma a wannan kakar. Da yake wasa a yankin Kudancin a wasan karshe na Duleep Trophy na 2014-15 da Central Zone, Rahul ya zira kwallaye 185 daga kwallaye 233 a wasan farko da 130 daga 152 a wasan na biyu. An kira shi dan wasan wasan kuma an zaba shi zuwa tawagar gwajin Indiya don yawon shakatawa na Australia ya biyo baya. Komawa gida bayan jerin gwaje-gwaje, Rahul ya zama karamin mutum uku na farko na Karnataka, inda ya zira kwallaye 337 a kan Uttar Pradesh. Ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye 188 a wasan karshe na Ranji Trophy na 2014-15 da Tamil Nadu kuma ya gama kakar wasa tare da matsakaicin 93.11 a cikin wasanni tara da ya buga. Ayyukan kasa da kasa Gwajin Farko (2014-16) Rahul ya fara gwajinsa na farko a gwajin Ranar Boxing na 2014 a filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne Ya maye gurbin Rohit Sharma kuma MS Dhoni ya gabatar da shi da gwajin gwajinsa. Ya sami nasarar zira kwallaye 3 da 1 kawai a karon farko. A gwajin da ya biyo baya a Sydney inda ya bude innings a karo na farko, kuma ya yi ƙarni na farko na duniya, inda ya zira kwallaye 110. An ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar mutum 15 don yawon shakatawa na Indiya na Bangladesh a watan Yunin 2015 amma ya janye saboda zazzabin cutar Dengue. Ya koma gefe don gwajin farko na yawon shakatawa na Sri Lanka bayan an kori Murali Vijay saboda rauni, ya zira kwallaye na biyu na gwajin kuma ya lashe kyautar Man of the Match. A lokacin wasan, ya ci gaba da wicket bayan Wriddhiman Saha ya ji rauni. A watan Yulin 2016, an ambaci Rahul a cikin tawagar yawon shakatawa na Indiya na West Indies A cikin jerin gwaje-gwaje na biyu, Rahul ya zira kwallaye 158, mafi girman maki a lokacin a wasan kurket. A watan Satumbar 2016, an ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar don jerin gida da New Zealand Bayan gwajin farko, Gautam Gambhir ya maye gurbinsa saboda rauni. An zaɓi Rahul a cikin tawagar da Ingila a cikin jerin gwaje-gwaje na 2016-17 amma ya ji rauni yayin horo a cikin raga. An cire shi daga gwajin na uku, amma ya dawo cikin tawagar a gwajin na huɗu amma ya kasa yin tasiri. A gwajin na biyar kuma na karshe na jerin, Rahul ya ci gaba da yin gwajin gwajinsa na huɗu, inda ya zira kwallaye 199 mafi kyau. ODI da T20I na farko (2016) Rahul an ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar don yawon shakatawa a Zimbabwe a shekarar 2016. Ya fara wasan farko na One Day International (ODI) a kan Zimbabwe a Harare Sports Club Rahul ya zira kwallaye 100 (115) a karon farko, don haka ya zama dan wasan cricket na Indiya na farko da ya zira kwallan karni a karon farko na ODI. An yanke masa hukuncin mutumin da ke cikin jerin. Ya fara Twenty20 International (T20I) daga baya a wannan yawon shakatawa. Rahul ya fito a kan duck na zinariya a karon farko na T20I yayin da Indiya ta rasa T20I na farko a kan Zimbabwe. Rahul an ambaci shi a cikin tawagar T20I don yawon shakatawa na West Indies a cikin 2016, inda ya yi karni na farko na T20I, inda ya zira kwallaye 110 da ba a ci ba a kwallaye 51 kawai kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya zira kwallan T20I yayin da yake bugawa a lamba huɗu. Koyaya, Indiya ta rasa wasan da gudu ɗaya kawai. Ci gaba da matsayi Rikici da dakatarwar A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2019, Hardik Pandya da K. L. Rahul sun dakatar da su ta Hukumar Kula da Cricket a Indiya (BCCI) biyo bayan maganganun da suka yi a kan shirin tattaunawa na Indiya Koffee tare da Karan a farkon watan. Dukansu an tura su gida kafin jerin ODI da Australia da kuma shirye-shiryen yawon shakatawa na Indiya zuwa New Zealand. A ranar 24 ga watan Janairun 2019, bayan da aka ɗaga dakatarwar Pandya da Rahul, BCCI ta ba da sanarwar cewa Rahul zai sake shiga tawagar don wasannin Indiya A. Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 2019 A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, an sanya masa suna a cikin tawagar Indiya don gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2019. Ya taka leda a lamba 4 a wasanni biyu na farko amma ya dawo don buɗe innings tare da Rohit Sharma yayin da aka fitar da Shikhar Dhawan daga sauran gasar saboda rauni. Gabaɗaya, Rahul ya zira kwallaye 361 tare da hamsin biyu da ɗari a gasar kuma ya gama a matsayin mai zira kwallayen Indiya na uku mafi girma a gasar bayan Rohit Sharma da Virat Kohli. Daidaitawa a cikin iyakantaccen tsari da raguwa a cikin tsari a cikin gwaje-gwaje Rayayyun mutane Haihuwan 1992 Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

57378

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range%20Rover%20Classic

Range Rover Classic

Range Rover jerin abubuwan hawa ne 4x4, matsakaiciyar girman Kashe-hanya wanda aka samar daga 1969 zuwa 1996 da farko ta ƙungiyar Rover (daga baya Land Rover na British Leyland, kuma daga baya ta ƙungiyar Rover Farkon motocin da aka samar a ƙarƙashin sunan Range Rover, an gina shi azaman ƙirar kofa biyu don shekaru 11 na farko, har sai da kofa huɗu kuma ta kasance a cikin 1981. Range Rover daga nan ya yi nasarar haɓaka kasuwa a cikin 1980s, kuma an yi muhawara sosai a Amurka a matsayin ƙirar ɗan shekara 17 a 1987 Los Angeles Auto Show An hana samun nau'in kofa biyu daga 1984, amma ya kasance yana samarwa ga wasu kasuwanni har zuwa 1994, lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da ƙarni na biyu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Land Rover ya sake fasalin ainihin samfurin a ƙarƙashin kalmar Range Rover Classic, don bambanta shi da sabon magajinsa na P38A, lokacin da aka gina su biyu tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma sun yi amfani da sunan a baya ga duk Range Rovers na farko. Kodayake ƙarni na biyu Range Rover ya maye gurbinsa a hukumance, wanda ya fara a cikin 1994 duka magajin da mafi araha na farko da na biyu na Gano Land Rover sun dogara ne akan ainihin asalin Range Rover's chassis, jirgin ƙasa da tsarin jiki, wanda a cikin jigon ya rayu har zuwa ƙarni na uku Discovery ya zo, kuma layin jini na injiniya ya ƙare tare da maye gurbin Mark 2 Gano bayan 2004. A cikifarkon 2020, aikin samar da shekaru 26 na asalin Range Rover an ƙidaya shi azaman motar ƙarni na ashirin da bakwai mafi tsayi a tarihi ta mujallar Autocar Tarihi Rover 's Land Rover Series Na ƙaddamar a cikin 1948 an tsara shi don zama mai arha, mai sauƙin ƙira, kuma ya dace da aiki tuƙuru a cikin yankunan karkara, tare da ɗan rangwame ga kwanciyar hankali. Ba da jimawa ba Rover ya gane cewa kasuwa ta wanzu don abin hawa daga kan hanya tare da ƙarin abubuwan more rayuwa. A cikin 1949 an saki motar Land Rover Estate, tare da koci-ginin katako da Tickford ya gina. Duk da haka, babban farashin ƙara irin waɗannan siffofi na mota kamar kujeru bakwai, kafet na bene, na'ura mai zafi, gilashin gilashi guda ɗaya ya sa an sayar da ƙasa da 700 kafin a bar samfurin a 1951. A shekara ta 1954 Land Rover ya ƙaddamar da mota ta biyu, wannan lokacin yana nufin mai amfani da kasuwanci wanda ke buƙatar abin hawa daga kan hanya don ɗaukar fasinjoji ba tare da jin dadi na mota ba. Dangane da bambance-bambancen nau'in Land Rover na kasuwanci, yana da kujeru masu dacewa da wurin lodi da tagogi da aka yanke a cikin gefuna. Duk da yake akwai tare da fasali kamar fitilar ciki, hita, ƙofa da gyaran bene da ingantattun kujeru, motar kadara ta riƙe ƙaƙƙarfan abin hawa da iya dakatarwa da kuma matsakaicin aikinta. A ƙarshen 1950s Rover ya gamsu cewa kasuwa don samun kwanciyar hankali 4x4 ya wanzu a yankuna kamar Afirka da Ostiraliya, inda masu ababen hawa na yau da kullun suka fuskanci doguwar tafiye-tafiye a kan titunan da ba a yi ba waɗanda ke buƙatar tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu da tsauri mai tsauri. A shekarar 1958 aka gina na farko na "Road Rover" ci gaban motoci. Haɗa dagewar Land Rover tare da jin daɗin motar Rover saloon, yana da fasalin Land Rover chassis da kayan gudu sanye da kayan aikin mota mai kama da mota. Bai taba sanya shi cikin samarwa ba. A cikin 1960s, Rover ya fara sanin haɓakar tayi na abin hawa mai amfani a Arewacin Amurka. Proto SUVs kamar International Harvester Scout (1961) da Ford Bronco (1966) sun fara skew na 4x4s zuwa sauri da ta'aziyya yayin da suke riƙe fiye da isassun ikon kashe hanya don yawancin masu amfani masu zaman kansu. Jeep Wagoneer ya kara tabbatar da manufar a cikin hanyar da Rover ya yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa, amma tare da ƙarin iko. Don samar da Rover nudge don haɓakawa, shugaban ayyukan kamfanin na Amurka ya aika da Land Rover Series II 88 zuwa Biritaniya wanda aka sanye da ƙaramin injin buick V8 na ci gaba. Rover yarda da kunno kai na wasanni kashe-hanya kasuwar a 1967 karkashin Charles Spencer King, kuma ya fara da "100-inch Station Wagon" shirin don bunkasa m gasa. Rover ya sayi Bronco, wanda ke nuna nau'in dakatarwar ruwa mai tsayin tafiya da ake buƙata don haɗakar da kwanciyar hankali na mota da ake buƙata da kuma tabbatar da ikon Land Rover. An ce Sarki ya gamsu da magudanan ruwa yayin tuki Rover P6 a kan wani yanki na masana'antar Solihull da ake sake ginawa. Ya kuma gamsu cewa ana buƙatar watsa tayoyin kafa huɗu na dindindin duka don samar da isassun kulawa da kuma ɗaukar ƙarfin da ake buƙata don abin hawa ya kasance mai gasa. Farashin haɓaka sabon watsawa gabaɗaya ya bazu tsakanin aikin SW 100-inch da wanda ke aiki akan abin da zai zama Land Rover 101 Forward Control Ƙarfi, haske da ƙarfi, Buick alloy V8 ya sami gyare-gyare a kan hanya irin su carburettors waɗanda ke kula da samar da man fetur a matsanancin kusurwoyi da kuma tanadi don cranking injin tare da farawa a cikin gaggawa. Aikin jiki na ƙarshe ya ƙunshi ƙira da ƙungiyar injiniyoyi suka yi, maimakon sashin salo na David Bache Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

29766

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oles%20Sanin

Oles Sanin

Articles with hCards Oles Hennadiyovych Sanin dan kasar Ukraine; An haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1972 a Kamin-Kashyrskyi darektan fina-finai ne na Ukrainian, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mai daukar hoto, furodusa, mawaƙa da sculptor. Fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Ukraine; An ba shi lambar yabo ta Alexander Dovzhenko Ukrainian State Award. Tarihin Rayuwa An haife shi a Kamin-Kashyrskyi a cikin yankin Volyn. Ya kammala karatunsa a Ivan Karpenko-Kary National University of Theater, Film da TV a Kyiv a shekara ta 1993 a cikin ajin actor (malayi: Valentyna Zymniya) kuma ya gama da kwas na shirya fim na fitattun fina-finai (tutor: Leonid Osyka) a shekara ta 1998. Ya yi horon horo a Netherlands da Amurka. A cikin shekaru 1994-2000 ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fim, darektan daukar hoto, darektan samarwa a cikin sifa da Documentary fina-finai 'sashe na Ukrainian reshe na kasa da kasa kungiyar Internews Network (yanzu Internews Ya samar da da yawa dozin takardun shaida (misali ga irin wannan tashoshi kamar Internews Network, Canal Ukrainian TV tashar 1 1, NTV, TNT, Polsat, DALAS studio, IKON, PRO Helvecia Ya kasance darektan daukar hoto na fina-finai na gaskiya da yawa kuma ya jagoranci wasu ƴan rubuce-rubuce da gajerun fina-finai. Sanin yana shugabantar Ƙungiyar Matasan Cinematographers na Yukren. Yana buga gangunan bandura, torban, hurdy-gurdy kuma yana bin al'adar Volhynia na 'yan wasan hurdy-gurdy. Ya kasance yana yin kayan kida da kansa, ya ƙware da fasaha irin na kakansa. Amfani da pseudonym Oleś Smyk Ukrainian shi memba ne na Kyiv Kobzar Gild Biyu daga cikin fina-finansa na farko, na farko Mamay (2003) da "The Guide (film) (2014), sun kasance fina-finai da hukuma kasar Ukraine ta basu kyautar Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Shirin The Guide ya kasance labari ne akan ƙaddamar da ta fadawa kobzars na Ukrainian a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2014 a 30th Warsaw Film Festival Kyaututtuka da karramawa Alexander Dovzhenko Ukrainian State Award na fim din Mamay Ukrainian 2003), Medal Azurfa na Ukrainian Academy of Arts Kyautar Azurfa ta Brothers Lumière Fina-finai Fina-finan fasali 1995 Atentat osinnie vbivstwo u Miunkheni Kashe-kashen Kaka a Munich (dan wasan kwaikwayo) 2003 Mamay Ukrainian darektan fim, marubucin allo, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo) 2012 Match The Match mataimakin darekta 2013 The Guide Ukrainian ma'ana Jagora ko furanni suna da idanu darektan fim, marubucin allo) Fina-finan kundin Tarihi 1994 Matinka Nadiya Mother Nadia 1994 Bura The Storm 1995 Zymno Hutu 1996 Pustyn''' Deserts 1998 Tanok morzha The Danse na Walrus (wanda aka rubuta tare) 1999 Natsiya. Lemky A Nation Lemkos 1999 Natsiya. Yevreyi Ƙasa Yahudawa 1999 Hrikh Sin 2000 Rizdvo, abo iak Hutsuly kintsia svitu chekaly Kirsimeti ko yadda Hutsuls ke jiran Doomsday 2001 kvarel' The Watercolor 2005 Den 'siomyi Ranar Bakwai (Daraktan fim) 2008 Perebyzhchyk The Defector (wanda aka rubuta tare da Mark Jonathan Harris 2017 Perelomnyi lokacin: vijna za demokratiyu v Ukrayini Breaking Point: The War for Democracy in Ukraine'' (co-authored with Mark Jonathan Harris Bayanan kula Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Official page of The Guide eng. and ukr.) Sanin about his film The Guide at the 30th Warsaw Film Festival, 10.2014 (ukr.) http://www.wff.pl/en/filmy/the-guide01/ http://povodyr.com/en/authors.html Note on the Ukrainian Film Club of Columbia University (2014.10.26) Rayayyun mutane Haihuwan 1972 Marubutan fina-finai 'yan Ukraine Darektocin fim 'yan kasar

33245

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkareem%20Adisa

Abdulkareem Adisa

Abdulkareem Adisa Listen (an haife she a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1948 25 watan February shekarar 2005) Manjo Janar ne na Najeriya wanda ya kasance gwamnan mulkin soja na jihar Oyo (a watan Agusta na shekarar 1990 Watan Janeiro shekarar 1992) a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Babangida An same shi da laifin hannu a yunkurin juyin mulki da aka yi wa shugaban mulkin soja Janar Sani Abacha a shekarar 1997, kuma yana kan hukuncin kisa lokacin da Abacha ya rasu a shekarar Yunin shekarar 1998. Daga baya aka yi masa afuwa. Shekarun farko da ilimi An haifi Abdulkareem Adisa a Ilorin yanzu a garin jihar Kwara Ya halarci Makarantar Al-Qur'ani a Ilorin tsakanin shekarar 1951 da shekara ta 1953 sannan ya yi karatun firamare a makarantar Katolika da ke Ibuso Gboro Ibadan daga shekarar 1953 zuwa shekara ta 1958. Ya yi karatun Sakandare a Makarantar Soja ta Najeriya da ke Zaria daga shekarar 1962 zuwa shekara ta 1965, sannan ya fara aikin sojan Najeriya a matsayin jami’in soja a shekarar 1967 a Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya, Kaduna inda ya kammala a shekarar 1970. Aikin soja A matsayinsa na Laftanar lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya, sojojin Biafra sun kama shi a watan Agustan Shekara ta 1967, kuma an tsare shi har zuwa watan Janairu na shekarar 1970. An nada Abdulkareem Adisa gwamnan soja a jihar Oyo a watan Agustan Shekarar 1990 a hannun shugaban kasa na mulkin soja, Janar Ibrahim Babangida, yana rike da mukamin har zuwa watan Janairun shekarar 1992. An fi tunawa da Gwamna Adisa da kalamansa na ‘Wane ne ya gina Gada’ wanda mutane da yawa suka yi amfani da shi wajen tantance matakin Gwamna kamar yadda ya kamata ya ce gada yadda kowamaimakon gada.Ya kasance gwamna 'babu maganar banza yan ƙasa suna girmama shi sosai. Yayin da gwamnan jihar Oyo, Adisa ya gina wani mutum-mutumi na sojan da ba a san ko wanene ba a kofar gidan gwamnati, Ibadan An lalata wannan mutum-mutumi tare da maye maimaico gurbinsa da wani mutum-mutumi na Obafemi Awolowo da Gwamna Lam Adesina ya yi Mutum-mutumi na biyu ya ruguje ne kwanaki kadan bayan gwamna Gwamna Adeshina ya bar ofis. Ministan Ayyuka Gidaje Janar Sani Abacha, wanda ya zama shugaban kasa a watan Nuwamba Shekarar 1993, ya nada shi ministan ayyuka da gidaje. Ya binciki halin da magajinsa a ma’aikatar, Alhaji Lateef Kayode Jakande ya aikata, kuma ya wanke shi daga aikata wani laifi. Ya ci gaba da tsarin samar da gidaje na kasa da Lateef Jakande ya bullo da shi, wanda ya shirya gina gidaje masu saukin kudi a fadin Najeriya, amma ya ninka farashin kowane irin gida. A lokacin mulkinsa, an yi amfani da kudaden ajiyar gidaje don ba da kwangilar samar da ababen more rayuwa ga wuraren. A sakamakon haka, bayan shekaru da yawa masu yawa masu ajiya ba su sami gidaje ko mayar da kudaden ajiyarsu ba. AbdulkarimAdisa ya ba da umarnin cewa Makarantar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Tarayya ta kamata ta ba da damar juyin halitta daga analogue zuwa hanyoyin dijital. Yunkurin juyin mulki da shari'a A watan Disamba na shekarar 1997, an kama Abdulkareem Adisa bisa zarginsa da hannu a yunkurin juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Janar Sani Abacha, tare da Laftanar Janar Oladipo Diya, Manjo-Janar Tajudeen Olanrewaju da sauransu. An yi masa shari'a kuma aka same shi da laifi a ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1998. A watan Yunin shekarar 1998, yana kan hukuncin kisa lokacin da Abacha ya mutu kwatsam. A watan Maris na shekarar 1999, gwamnatin mulkin sojan Najeriya mai barin gado ta yi wa Adisa afuwa da sauran wadanda aka samu da laifin yunkurin juyin mulki. Ya bayyana a gaban hukumar binciken take hakkin bil’adama ta Najeriya (wanda aka fi sani da Oputa guda hudi Panel) inda ya tabbatar da cewa ya samu labarin ajandar guda 4, kwanaki 9 kacal kafin kama shi da hannu a juyin mulkin, daga hannun Janar Oladipo Diya kuma aka sanar da shi juyin mulkin. ba kowa sai shi. Ya da sauran guri kuma d girmamawa bayyana cewa ya roki rahamar sa domin ya ceci rayuwarsa daga Manjo Hamza al-Mustapha Daga baya aiki Bayan komawar mulkin dimokradiyya a shekarar 1999, Adisa ya yunkura ya buga da wata takarda mai suna The People’s Advocate da ke Ilorin. Jaridar ta kasance makarkashiyar zarge zargen Naira miliyan dari biyu da hamsin 250 daga gwamnan jihar Kwara, Mohammed Lawal, wanda daga baya aka janye. A cikin SHEKARAR 2003, Adisa ya ce ba zai amince da afuwa daga shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo ba, wanda da kansa ya shiga yunkurin juyin mulki a shekarar 1995. A watan Afrilun shekarar 2004, ya yi aiki a jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) a jihar Kwara Wata kungiyar PDP ta dakatar da karamar ministar harkokin mata, Miss Funke Adedoyin, amma wata kungiyar dattawan PDP karkashin jagorancin Adisa, ta karyata dakatarwar da Adedoyin ya yi. Adisa ya kuma zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar Jahar Kwara Progressive Movement (KPM). Adisa ya kasance shugaban wata fafutuka na zaben Janar Ibrahim Babangida a matsayin shugaban kasa a shekarar 2007. Ya wallafa wani hari da aka kai wa National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) a cikin jaridar Guardian na ranar 28 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 2004, inda ya gargadi kungiyar da kada ta yi kokarin hana Babangida zaben shugaban kasa. Ya ce Yarbawa za su zabi JanarIbrahim Babangida duk da rawar da ya taka wajen soke zaben shugaban kasa na ranar ga 12 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1993 da Cif MKO Abiola ya lashe Adisa ya mutu a wani asibitin Landan a ranar 25 February ga watan shekarar 2005 daga raunin da ya samu a wani hatsarin mota. An dawo da gawarsa domin binne shi a Ilorin, babban birnin jihar Kwara a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2005, a wani biki da ya samu halartar manyan mutane da dama da suka hada da tsoffin gwamnonin jihohi uku da Janar Ibrahim Babangida. A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2009 ne shugaban kasa Umaru 'Yar'aduwa ya yiwa Abdulkareem Adisa da wasu da aka samu da laifin cin amanar kasa sakamakon yunkurin juyin mulkin janarr Sani Abacha. Manazarta Haifaffun 1948 Gwamnonin jihar Oyo Articles with hAudio microformats Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

27489

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehema%20Nanfuka

Rehema Nanfuka

Rehema Nanfuka (an Haife shi 25 May 1986) yar fim ce ta Uganda, gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ƴar wasan talabijin, darekta, kuma mai shirya fina-finai da aka sani da rawar da ta taka a Imani, Veronica's Wish, Imbabazi, Haunted Souls, Hanyar da Muke Balaguro, Sarauniyar Katwe, Imperial Blue a tsakanin sauran fina-finan. Ta lashe lambar yabo mafi kyawun Darakta a bikin 2018 na Uganda Film Festival Awards, inda ta zama darektan mace ta farko da ta taba samun lambar yabo a cikin wannan rukunin a kowace ƙungiyoyin bayar da kyaututtuka a Uganda. Sana'a Fim da Talabijin Rehema ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a Mira Nair's Maisha Film Lab's 2008 Production, Downcast inda ta taka matar aure. Matsayinta na ficewa a matsayin Maryama kuyanga a Imani ta sami lambobin yabo guda biyu; lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka don Mafi Kyawun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a 2010 raba nasara tare da Chelsea Eze da Kyautar Kyautar Jaruma Mafi Kyau a Bikin Fina-Finan Afirka na Cordoba, Spain a 2010. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy Award don Mafi kyawun Fim a Harshen Afirka Rehema kuma samu amincewa daga Iri-iri mai zargi Boyd Van Hoeij wanda ya rubuta, "Rehema Nanfuka, kamar yadda wani hushi baranya a karo na biyu-mafi kyau kashi, ya burge tare da ta m ji na mutunci." da kuma The Hollywood Reporter mai sukar Neil Young ya rubuta, "Nanfuka da Buyi suna yin wasan kwaikwayo kuma suna jure wa haruffan da ba a rubuta ba." A cikin 2013 ta fito a cikin Joel Karekezi Imbabazi, The Pardon, wani fim game da kisan kiyashin Rwanda inda aka zabe ta a matsayin mafi kyawun lambar yabo a Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khoribga, Morocco 2015. Rehema ta fito a matsayin Suzanna a cikin Yat Madit a cikin 2016 tare da Gladys Oyenbot da Michael Wawuyo Jr.. Don wannan rawar, ta sami lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo TV a bikin Fim na Uganda a 2017. Nanfuka ta jagoranci fim din Veronica's Wish da ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2018 wanda ta lashe kyautar mafi kyawun darakta a bikin fina-finai na Uganda 2018 a Kampala, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta samu lambar yabo a Uganda. Fim din ya kuma samu wasu kyaututtuka guda takwas daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa goma sha biyu. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo A fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ayyukan Rehema na farko sun kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da aka shirya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa. Ta yi tauraro a matsayin Lady Macbeth a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Macbeth kuma ta sami yabo mai mahimmanci ga wasanta daga mai sukar Daily Monitor Brian Magoba da The Observer critic Polly Komukama ya rubuta, "Rehema Nanfuka ta sanya mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin muguwar Lady Macbeth." A cikin 2015, ta buga Dorra da Kate a cikin Jikin Mace a matsayin Filin yaƙi a cikin Yaƙin Bosnia wasan kwaikwayo na Matei Visniec da Judith Adong 's Ga-Ad! Sauran sanannun abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da The Laramie Project, Tropical Fish (littafin), Jean Paul Sartre's No Exit, Kawai ni ku da shiru da Kogin da dutse. Rehema ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan murya a cikin Shanu tana Bukatar Mata, wasan kwaikwayo da aka watsa a shirin BBC African Performance a shekarar 2010. An nuna labarin Rehema akan Asu Kuma a matsayin mai zane mai zane Rehema da ta fito a cikin shirin Goethe Institut na Afirka magana. Ta zama zakara a gasar Kampala Slam 2013. Rehema ta kuma sami tallafi na tallace-tallace na Airtel Uganda, Airtel Malawi, Milkman Uganda, da ECO Bank Uganda. Rehema ta taka Lisa Borera a cikin wani fim mai zuwa Kafa Coh da Nkinzi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Nana Kagga mai zuwa, Reflections Ilimi Rehema ta tafi Makarantar Sakandare ta Kibuli, sannan Jami'ar Makerere, jami'a mafi tsufa a Uganda inda ta sami digiri a kan Kasuwancin Duniya. Ita kuma tsohuwar ɗalibar Maisha Film Lab. Naɗin sarauta da kyaututtuka Fina-finai Fim Talabijin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo Kasuwanci Hanyoyin haɗi na waje https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html Magana Ƴan Fim Mutanen Uganda Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

59962

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihin%20Joeri%20Rogelj

Tarihin Joeri Rogelj

Joeri Rogelj (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980) ɗan ƙasar Belgium masanin kimiyyar yanayi ne da ke aiki kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Ya binciki yadda al'ummomi zasu iya canzawa zuwa ga cigaba mai ɗorewar. Shi Mai Karatu ne a Kimiyyar Yanayi da Manufofin (Mataimakin Farfesa) a Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli (CEP) da Daraktan Bincike a Cibiyar Grantham Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli, duka a Kwalejin Imperial London. Har ila yau, yana da alaƙa da Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Ayyuka ta Duniya. Shi marubuci ne na rahotannin yanayi da yawa daga Ƙungiyar gwamnatocin Ƙasa kan Sauyin Yanayi (IPCC) da Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP), kuma memba na Hukumar Bada Shawarar Kimiyya ta Turai don Canjin Yanayi. Articles with hCards Ilimi Rogelj ya kammala karatun digiri na injiniya a KU Leuven (Belgium) a 2003, sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a Al'adu da Nazarin Ci gaba a wannan cibiyar a 2005. Ya kammala digirinsa na uku a fannin kimiyyar yanayi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Swiss (ETH Zurich) a 2013 a karkashin kulawar Farfesa. Reto Knutti kan batun rashin tabbas a cikin yanayin ƙarancin iskar gas. Sana'a Rogelj ya fara aikinsa na kimiyyar yanayi a cikin PRIMAP Research Group a Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) a 2009. Bayan ya sami digirin digirgir, ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Ayyuka ta Duniya. Acikin 2018, ya shiga Cibiyar Grantham Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli a Kwalejin Imperial ta London Daga 2006 zuwa 2008, Rogelj ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan ayyuka kan ayyukan raya karkara a Ruwanda. Bincike da tasiri Rogelj ya wallafa kan yarjejeniyoyin yanayi na duniya kamar yarjejeniyar Copenhagen ko yarjejeniyar Paris, kasafin kuɗin carbon, hanyoyin fitar da hayaƙi waɗanda ke iyakance dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5°C da 2°C, maƙasudin fitar da sifili, da alaƙa tsakanin yanayi, cigaba mai ɗorewa, da adalci. A cewar Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya, ya fara aikin "aiki kan yanayin sauyin yanayi [wanda] ya canza tattaunawar duniya game da yiwuwar kiyaye dumamar yanayi zuwa 1.5 °C a gaba da yarjejeniyar Paris ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya" a 2015. Yana aiki a matsayin jagorar marubuci kan Rahoton Tazarar Hatsari na shekara-shekara daga Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNEP) wanda ke ba da sabuntawa na shekara-shekara kan gibin da ke tsakanin alkawuran kasa da rage fitar da hayaki da ya wajaba don cimma manufofin yarjejeniyar Paris. Ya kasance marubuci mai ba da gudummawa ga 2013-2014 Rahoton Ƙididdiga na Biyar na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Duniya na 1.5°C,.da kuma marubucin jagora akan 2021 IPCC Rahoton Ƙimar Na shida. A cikin 2019, ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na rukunin Ba da Shawarar Kimiyyar Yanayi zuwa Babban Babban Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Tun daga 2022, yana aiki a kan "Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Kimiyyar Kimiyya na Turai kan Sauyin Yanayi" wanda ke bada shawarar kimiyya mai zaman kanta kan matakan EU, maƙasudin yanayi da alamun kasafin iskar gas. Har ila yau Rogelj ya ba da shaidar kimiyya game da shari'ar sauyin yanayi, alal misali, don tallafawa "Rikicin Yaran da Yanayin Yanayi" inda yara 16 daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka shigar da kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara da ya dauki nauyin biyar daga cikin manyan masu karfin tattalin arziki na duniya. don rashin daukar mataki kan rikicin yanayi. Kyaututtuka da karramawa Rogelj ya sami lambar yabo ta 2021 na Farkon Masanin Kimiyyar Kimiyya na Turai daga Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya (ISC) don "tasiri na musamman" bincikensa ya yi kan manufofin yanayi na duniya. A cikin 2016, ya sami lambar yabo ta Piers Sellers Award don "binciken yanayin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan mafita a duniya" ta Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi ta Priestley. A cikin 2014, ya sami lambar yabo ta ETH don fitattun karatun digirin sa na PhD da kuma a cikin 2010 lambar yabo ta Peccei don ƙwararren ƙwararren masanin kimiyya. Rogelj wani Clarivate Yanar Gizo ne na Kimiyya wanda aka ambata sosai a cikin 2019 da 2020, yana gane manyan masu bincike a duniya a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kuma an sanya shi matsayi na 31st a cikin The Reuters Hot List of the World's Climate Sciences. Ayyukan da aka zaɓa Rogelj, J., Geden, O., Cowie, A., Reisinger, A., 2021. Hanyoyi guda uku don inganta abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da sifili. Yanayin 591, 365-368. doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00662-3 Rogelj, J., da al, 2018. Halin yanayin ƙayyadaddun yanayin yanayin duniya yana ƙaruwa ƙasa da 1.5 C. Nature Clim. Canji 8, 325-332. doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0091-3 Rogelj, J., da al, 2016. Shawarwari na yanayi na yarjejeniyar Paris suna buƙatar haɓaka don ci gaba da ɗumamar ƙasa da 2 C. Yanayin 534, 631-639. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18307 Rogelj, J., da al, 2015. Tushen fitar da sifili yana nufin burin duniya na dogon lokaci don kariyar yanayi. Haruffa Binciken Muhalli 10, 105007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/10/105007 Rogelj, J., da al, 2015. Canje-canjen tsarin makamashi don iyakance ɗumamar ƙarshen ƙarni zuwa ƙasa da 1.5 C. Nature Clim. Canji 5, 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2572 Rogelj, J., Meinshausen, M., Knutti, R., 2012. Dumamar duniya a ƙarƙashin tsoho da sabbin al'amura ta amfani da ƙididdigar kewayon yanayi na IPCC. Nature Clim. Canji 2, 248-253. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1385 Rogelj, J., da al, 2010. Alkawuran yarjejeniyar Copenhagen suna da yawa. Yanayin 464, 1126-1128. doi.org/10.1038/4641126a Rogelj, J., Shindell, D., Jiang, K., Fifita, S., Forster, P., Ginzburg, V., Handa, C., Kheshgi, H., Kobayashi, S., Kriegler, E., Mundaca, L., Séférian, R., Vilariño, MV, 2018. Hanyoyin ragewa masu dacewa da 1.5°C a cikin mahallin ci gaba mai dorewa, a cikin: Flato, G., Fuglestvedt, J., Mrabet, R., Schaeffer, R. (Eds. Dumamar Duniya na 1.5 C: Rahoton Musamman na IPCC game da Tasirin ɗumamar Duniya na 1.5 C sama da Matakan Masana'antu na Gaba da Masana'antu da Hanyoyin Gudun Gas Gas na Duniya masu dangantaka, a cikin Ma'anar Ƙarfafa martanin Duniya ga Barazana na Sauyin yanayi., Ci gaba mai ɗorewa, da Ƙoƙarin Kawar da Talauci. IPCC/WMO, Geneva, Switzerland, shafi na 93-174. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ Manazarta Rayayyun mutane Haihuwan

13961

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyi%20Shay

Seyi Shay

Deborah Oluwaseyi Joshua (An rada mata suna Oluwaseyi Odedere an haife ta a 21 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1985), an fi saninta da Seyi Shay (wanda aka sheda Shay-ye Shay), mawaƙiyar Najeriya ce, Ta kasance ta rubuta waƙoƙi uku don karin sauti zuwa wasan bidiyo na Konami Crime Life: Gang Wars (2005). Ta kuma rubuta "Za ku gani", waƙar da aka haɗa a kan Melanie C 's na uku na studio mai ban sha'awa Intentions (2005). Shay rubuta "White Lies", wani song daga Chip 's Rikidar album. A shekara ta 2008, ta zama shugabar mawaƙa ta defungiyar popan matan pop ɗin da ba ta cancanta ba Daga Sama. Kungiyar sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Sony Columbia Records kuma kamfanin Mathew Knowles 'Music World Entertainment Company ne ke sarrafa shi. A cikin watan Nuwamba shekarar 2013, Shay ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar amincewa da kamfanin samar da hanyoyin sadarwa Etisalat A watan Yulin shekarar 2015, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Island Records Shay ta saki album ɗinka na halarta na Seyi ko Shay a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2015. Mawakiyar cigaba "Irawo", "Ragga Ragga" da "Chairman" sun goyi bayan shi. Rayuwa da aiki An haifi seyi Shay kuma ta girma a cikin Tottenham, London, England, ga iyayen Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga Arewacin Najeriya kuma mahaifinta dan asalin Ife ne Tana da brothersan’uwa biyu da tsofaffi. Mahaifiyarta ita da kannen ta sun girma.seyi Shay ta girma a cikin tsarin addini kuma tana jin kamar yarinya guda yayin yarinta. Ta fara ziyartar Najeriya ne tun tana yan shekara biyu, daga karshe ta halarci makarantar sakandaren Command a Maryland, Legas. Ta koma Landan don kammala karatunta na digiri. Abubuwan da suke nuna sha'awarta ga kade-kade sun jawo hankalin dangin ta. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance yar aikin mawaƙa kuma ƙanwarta ta kasance tana tsara waƙoƙi don TV. Hakanan, dan uwanta ya kasance wasan jockey na rediyo da kulob din diski. Seyi Shay ta shiga cikin mawakan ta na sakandare kuma ta fara yin wasan tana da shekaru 6. Ta yi wannan ne don Zauren Al'umma na Landan yayin yawon duniya, wanda ya hada garuruwa 13 a Japan. An yaba wa Seyi Shay da yabo saboda ayyukanta a Japan. Ta karanci kade ne a wata kwaleji ta Burtaniya sannan ta ci gaba da koyon harkar kasuwanci a Jami’ar Gabas ta London A hirar da ta yi da Lanre Odukoya na wannan Rana,Seyi Shay ta ce mahaifiyarta ba mai goyon baya ce ga burin ta ba. Haka kuma, mahaifiyarta ta so ta zama likita ko lauya. Kafin barin Duniya, mahaifiyarta ta gaya mata ta mai da hankali kan aikin kida da saka Allah farko. Aikinta na kiɗa ya tashi sama lokacin da ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin ta ta farko da No Apology, kamfanin rakodi wanda ke da alaƙa da George Martin (wanda aka fi sani da Fif Beatle A shekara ta 2006,Seyi Shay ta kirkiro wata kungiyar mata a Burtaniya wacce ake kira Boadicea; Ron Tom, wanda ya kafa kuma manajan All Saints da Sugababes sun sarrafa su. Bandungiyar ta rabu bayan shekara biyu, kuma Seyi Shay ta yanke shawarar cin abinci a cikin Gidan Waƙoƙin Sama Daga UK Bayan kammala binciken, ta fito a matsayin jagorar mawaki na kungiyar girlan matan da aka ɓoye Daga Yanzu. Kungiyar ta kulla yarjejeniya tare da kamfanin sarrafa Mathew Knowles bayan kammala masa. An kai su Houston don yin horo mai kara kuzahari da horo na rawa. Kungiyar ta goyi bayan Beyoncé yayin da ta kasance a Burtaniya don Ni Ni ce Zagayawar Duniya Sun gabatar da lambar yabo a shekarar 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards kuma suna da nasu wasan gaskiya na MTV da ake kira Breaking From Sama, wanda aka yada a cikin kasashe sama da 166 a duniya. Daga baya kungiyar ta watse kuma Seyi Shay ya sami damar ci gaba da yarjejeniyar ta ta sarrafa tare da Mathew Knowles, tare da tabbatar da kwangilar rikodin tare da Sony. Madadin haka, ta yanke shawarar shiga Flytime Music bayan ta sami tayin daga gare su. Seyi Shay ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙa da yawa, ciki har da Justin Timberlake, Brian Michael Cox, Darey, Bilal, Michelle Williams, Chip, Rob Knoxx, H-Money, da Cameron Wallace. Waka Seyi Shay an gabatar da ita ga Sound Sultan yayin ziyarar London a shekarar 2011. Bayan da ta saurari wasu abubuwan tarihinta, Sultan ya shawo kanta ta koma gida Najeriya don neman aikinta na kiɗa a can. Bayan haɗuwa da Sultan, Shay an gabatar da shi ga Cecil Hammond na lyaddamarwar Flytime. Hammond ya rattaba hannu a kanta zuwa rakodin rikodin Flytime Music kuma ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da aikin solo a Najeriya. A cikin shekarar 2013, Seyi Shay ta bar Flytime Music kuma ta gaya wa jaridar Vanguard cewa ta shiga cikin lakabin don inganta alamar ta. Ta kuma ce yayin da ake rattaba hannu a kan wajan rikodin, tana da matukar karfin sarrafa nau'ikan ta. Haka kuma, ta ce har yanzu tana da dangantaka da alamar.' Wakan ta ita kadai Haska ta Salan waka Kodayake salon sautinta na musanman hade ne na Afropop da R&B, Shay baya dacewa da wani nau'in kiɗan. Ta yi imanin cewa rawar iyawar ta tana kunshe da nau'ikan al'adu daban daban, kuma ta bayyana cewa kade-kade na wakoki ne daga abubuwanda zasu karfafa mata gwiwa.Seyi Shay ta ambaci mahaifiyarta, Mathew Knowles, 2face Idibia, Beyoncé, Tina Turner, Sound Sultan, Wizkid, da Omawumi a matsayin masu jagoranci. Fitowa a Bidiyo Lamban girma Fina finai

5183

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawan%20Jama%27a%2C%20Yana%20da%20Muhimmanci

Yawan Jama'a, Yana da Muhimmanci

Yawan Jama'a, Yana da Muhimmanci Yawan Al'amurra (turanci Population Matters), da aka sani da Sadaka Zuwa Ga Wani Dace Girman Yawan (turanci Optimum Population Trust), shi ne United Kingdom sadaqa, tunani tank, da bayar da shawarwari rukuni bayyana "yawan damuwa" game da muhimman tasirin yawan ƙarin girma a kan dogon lokaci dawamamme, ingancin rayuwar da Natural yanayi, musamman albarkatunmu, canjin yanayin, da rabe-raben halittu. Bayan Fage "Yawan Jama'a, Yana da Muhimmanci" zai gudanar da bincike a kan "sauyin yanayi", "makamashi da bukatun", "rabe-raben halittu", da sauran abubuwan muhalli dangane da "yawan lambobin". A kamfen na karfafawa daga cikin size mu yawan da gradual rage don ci matakai. A 2009, "Yawan Jama'a, Yana da Muhimmanci" wallafa wani binciken asserting cewa maganin hana haihuwa aka ba da mafi arha, wajen magance hanyar canjin yanayin. Kungiyar ya furta cewa, da tsaka-tsaki manufofin su ne: ingantattun tanadin da tsarin iyali da jima'i ilimi, mafi ilimi da kuma 'yancin mata, kuma ma'aurata wani aikin "da biyu ko m" yara. Yawan damuwa A ra'ayi na "yawan damuwa" aka gabatar a matsayin da: "a game da kulawa ga mutanen da bukatar da kuma tabbatar da ganin cewa albarkatun suna samuwa ga haɗu da waɗanda bukatun, yanzu, da kuma foreseeable nan gaba." "Idan mutum yawan na duniya ya ci gaba da ƙara a halin yanzu da kudi, a can zai zama wani dakin ko dai daji rai ko daji wurare Amma na yi imani cewa daga baya jima ko mutum zai koya na rage yawaitar mutane da. Sa'an nan kuma zai kasance yafi damuwa da ganiya maimakon m, quality, maimakon yawa, kuma za su mai da bukatar a kansa ga lamba da jeji da kuma namun halitta." Peter Scott kafa na World Wide Fund for Nature 1909 1989 Kamfen da kuma tunanin Sun yi alkawalin biyu ko m A "yawan, yana da muhimmanci" '"sun yi alkawalin biyu ko m" himma ne na son rai jingina su da "biyu ko m" yara. yana da "babbar muhalli yanke shawara za ka taba yi". Four dalilai suna kawo sunayensu domin zabar zuwa da karami iyali: "Gender ãdalci Quality rai Quality of wa iyaye Quality na yarantaka. Tarihin Kungiyar da ke sa rubutu ta Birtaniya magabata: A "Malthusian League" (1877); A "Simon Population Trust" (1957); A "kiyayewa Society" (1966) da kuma "Population damuwa" (1974). A ganiya Population Trust aka kafa a 1991 by Dauda Willey da sauransu. "An impelled da aiki da gazawar da gwamnatoci Birtaniya amsa jerin shawarwari game da yawan jama'a da kuma ƙarin girma dawamamme." Kuma sun kasance a raga da tattara, da kuma nazarin disseminate bayani game da masu girma dabam na duniya da kuma na kasa da kuma yawan mahaɗi a wannan zuwa nazarin dauke capacities da kuma mazaunan 'ingancin rayuwa domin ya goyi bayan manufofin yanke shawara. Kungiyar tattalin bincike da kuma lobbied a kan al'amurra shafi yawan ƙarin girma, ciki har da jindadin, ilimi, aikin likita wadata, yawan tsufa, shige da fice da kuma yanayi. Har ila yau, lobbied na cin gaba da muhalli campaigners a kan bukatar kunsa yawan al'amurra a cikin tunaninmu. Kungiyar da aka sanya a kan halin kyautatawa 9 May 2006. Sunan "Population Matters" da aka soma a cikin Fabrairu 2011 m bin sake duba zabi, ta hanyar gudanar da bincike gare members, patrons da kuma jama'a. Hanyoyin waje Official website Roger Martin on BBC "Hard-talk" Labarai Letter zuwa Sabuwar masana kimiya daga David Willey (Subscription kawai) Guardian article: Jama'a kama Independent article: yawaitar mutane shi ne babban barazana ga duniya tangarahu article: Birtaniya iya jure wa jama'a, ya ce binciken New Statesman article: Planet yi obalodi Times article: Dauda ya zama majiɓinci, Attenborough na ganiya Population Trust Times article: Samun manyan iyalai ne 'Eco-aikata laifukan' The InterAcademy Panel Statement on Population Girmancin wasu Ten Million Club: overpopulationawareness.org worldpopulationday.org

34319

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C6%99%C6%99in%20%C9%97an%20Adam%20a%20%C6%99asar%20Guinea

Haƙƙin ɗan Adam a ƙasar Guinea

Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Guinea, ƙasa mai kusan mutane 10,069,000 a Afirka ta Yamma, batu ne mai cike da cece-kuce. A cikin rahotonta na Freedom in the World a shekara ta 2012, Freedom House ta bayyana kasar Guinea a matsayin ‘yantacciyar ‘yanci a shekara ta biyu a jere, wani ci gaba a kan matsayinta na da a matsayin daya daga cikin kasashe mafi karancin ‘yanci a nahiyar Afirka. Ofishin dimokuradiyya da kare hakkin dan Adam da kwadago na Amurka, wanda ke fitar da rahotannin kare hakkin dan Adam na shekara-shekara kan kasar, ta yi ikirarin cewa batutuwan da suka fi daukar hankali su ne yadda jami'an tsaro ke azabtar da su, da cin zarafin mata da kananan yara ta hanyar irin wadannan abubuwa kamar al'aurar mata lalata Halin tarihi da siyasa Guinea ta sami 'yencin kanta daga Faransa a shekara ta 1958. Alpha Condé ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2010 kuma a watan Disambar shekarar 2010 ya zama zababben shugaban kasar na farko ta hanyar dimokradiyya. Jadawalin da ke gaba yana nuna ƙimar Guinea tun shekarar 1972 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba". 1 Sekou Touré (1954-1984) Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amnesty International ta yi ikirarin cewa Guinea na dauke da fursunoni a farkon rahotonta na shekarar 1969. A cikin shekarar 1968 an kama mutane sama da ɗari, kuma an yanke wa 13 hukuncin kisa, saboda rawar da suka taka a wani shiri na zargin gwamnati. Cikin wadanda aka kama har da ministocin gwamnati da manyan hafsoshin soji. Bayan da kasar Portugal ta mamaye babban birnin kasar a shekarar 1970, gwamnatin kasar ta kara kaimi wajen yaki da 'yan adawar siyasa, kuma a karshen shekarar an yanke wa akalla mutane 85 hukuncin kisa. An kama dubban mutane, ciki har da Turawa 22, Jamusawa, Faransawa, da Italiyanci. A cikin watan shekarar Disamba shekarar 1970, Archbishop na Conakry, Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo, aka yanke masa hukumcin aiki tukuru saboda ƙin karanta takardun gwamnati daga kan mimbari yana kira ga Kiristoci su goyi bayan gwamnati game da mulkin mallaka na kasashen waje. Shi da wasu fursunonin siyasa akalla dubu sun kasance a tsare a 1977. Wani rahoto da Kungiyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Duniya ta buga a watan Yuni 1977 ya kiyasta adadin fursunonin siyasa sama da 3000, yana zargin fursunonin na fuskantar yunwa, azabtarwa, kisa, da kisa ba gaira ba dalili. Babban gidan yari mafi shahara shine Camp Boiro, wanda ya hada da cikin fursunonin Diallo Telli Bayan suka mai tsanani game da halin da take ciki na kare hakkin bil'adama, da kuma hana taimakon da Amurka ta yi a karkashin dokar samar da zaman lafiya, gwamnati ta yi yunkurin kulla alaka da makwabtanta da kasashen Yamma, kuma ta yi ikirarin inganta halin da take ciki. A cikin watan shekarar Agusta da watan Oktoba shekarar 1977, duk da haka, gwamnati ta yi harbi a kan jerin zanga-zangar tattalin arziki tare da kashe mata da ba a san adadinsu ba. Daga nan suka fara tattara masu tunani. A shekara ta 1978 rahotanni sun yi kiyasin adadin fursunonin siyasa sun karu zuwa dubu hadu 4000. A ƙarshen 1978 Shugaba Sékou Touré ya yi shelar wa 'yan jarida cewa duk fursunonin da aka yanke wa hukuncin kisa a Boiro sun mutu. Ya ci gaba da bayanin cewa Amnesty International ta kasance "sharar gida". Ya zuwa shekarar 1979 rahotanni sun yi iƙirarin cewa ƙasa da 20 na ainihin waɗanda aka kama ana ci gaba da tsare a Boiro. Daruruwan da aka kama ba su sake bayyana ba, amma wasu majiyoyi sun ce adadin ya haura 4000. Sai dai an ci gaba da kama mutane. Wani harin gurneti da aka kai kan Palais du Peuple a watan Mayun shekarar 1980 da kuma fashewar bam a cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 1981 a filin jirgin saman Conakry ya haifar da kame wasu daruruwa da suka shafi siyasa, tare da tsare daruruwan mutane da rahotannin mutuwa. An ci gaba da kashe mutane a Boiro ta hanyar abin da aka sani da "abincin baƙar fata" cikakken rashin abinci da ruwa. Gwamnatin Guinea ta kuma cimma matsaya da gwamnatocin kasashen Laberiya da Cote d'Ivoire domin mayar da 'yan kasashen ketare da ke da hannu a ayyukan 'yan adawa da tilastawa komawa gida Rahotannin da ke nuni da tsare su da duka da aka yi a lokacin da suka iso, ya bazu zuwa kasashen waje. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1982, Touré ya gudanar da taron manema labarai cikin alfahari yana shelar cewa babu sauran fursunonin siyasa da ake tsare da su a ƙasar. Ya kasa bayyana makomar mutane kusan 2900 da aka kama tun shekarar 1969 wadanda ba a san inda suke ba. Rahotannin adadin fursunonin a Boiro sun ci gaba da zuwa daga daruruwa zuwa dubbai. Hanyoyin azabtarwa da aka ce an yi amfani da su a gidan yarin sun hada da bauta, kona sigari ta tilastawa, da wutar lantarki da aka shafa a kai da al'aura. Bayan mutuwar Touré a cikin watan Maris shekarar 1984, an sami manyan canje-canjen siyasa. Gwamnatin Lansana (1984-2008) A ranar 3 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1984 ne sojoji suka karbe ikon kasar, suka dakatar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, suka rusa jam'iyyar Democratique de Guinée mai mulki, sannan suka kaddamar da kwamitin soja na kasa da kasa don gudanar da mulkin kasar a karkashin Lansana Conté A sanarwar farko da sabbin sarakunan suka yi a bainar jama'a sun yi ikirarin cewa za su dauki hakkin bil'adama a matsayin fifiko tare da bayyana wadanda suka "rasa rayukansu kawai saboda suna son bayyana ra'ayoyinsu kan makomar kasar a matsayin shahidai. An rufe Camp Boiro kuma an saki dukkan fursunonin siyasa nan da nan. Bayan mutuwar wani da ake zargi da aikata laifi a hannun 'yan sanda a watan Satumbar 1984, an yi zanga-zanga a Kamsar kuma an kama mutane sari biyu 200. An sanar da juyin mulkin sa'o'i shida bayan mutuwar Conté a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba shekarar 2008. A ranar 27 ga watan Satumba, 2009, ranar da aka shirya zanga-zangar Conakry, gwamnati ta ayyana zanga-zangar a matsayin haramtacce. Dubban masu zanga-zangar ne suka ki amincewa da dokar, inda suka taru a filin wasan kwallon kafa. Mutane 157 ne suka mutu bayan tashin hankalin da jami'an tsaro ke amfani da su ya karu. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun bukaci a yi adalci kan kisan da jami'an tsaron Guinea suka yi wa masu zanga-zangar lumana sama da 150 a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2009 a wani filin wasa. An fara gudanar da binciken cikin gida ne a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2010 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 2017, inda aka gurfanar da mutane 13 da ake zargi, sannan aka tura 11 domin yi musu shari’a. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin wadanda ake zargin sun ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayi mai tasiri. An dai shirya yin shari’ar ne a watan Yuli, amma ba a samu ci gaba a shari’ar ba. Ƙungiyar waɗanda aka zalunta, dangi da abokai na Satumba 28, 2009 (AVIPA), Daidaita Haƙƙin Duk (MDT), Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama ta Ginin (OGDH), Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Duniya, Amnesty International, da Human Rights Watch sun sanya kiran adalci. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu (2010-yanzu) Tsarin doka An yanke wa mutane 16 hukuncin kisa a shekara ta 2011, wanda bisa ga dukkan alamu ya yi hannun riga da furucin da shugaba Condé ya yi na cewa Guinea ce ta kawar da kai. Kama da azabtarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba Yayin da tsarin mulki ya haramta kamawa da tsare shi ba bisa ka'ida ba, al'adar sa ta zama ruwan dare gama gari. ‘Yan sanda suna dukan fursunonin da yi musu fyade. Matakin da Kiristoci suka dauka na kawar da azabtarwa ya yi zargin cewa ‘yan sanda sun azabtar da wasu matasa hudu da ake zargi da sata a shekarar 2011. An ce cin zarafin da aka yi a gidan yarin soja na tsibirin Kassa a shekarar 2009 ya hada da zubar da jini. Amnesty na da rahotanni guda biyu na yadda aka yi amfani da azabtarwa a shekarar 2011: a watan Fabrairu an kai wani mutum a Mamou ofishin 'yan sanda bayan ya kafa shingayen hanya tare da dukan tsiya yayin da aka daure shi da hannu. A watan Afrilu an kama wani mutum a Dixinn kuma an yi masa duka a wata tashar yankin. 'Yan tsiraru da 'yancin mata Ko da yake an kama mutane 50 da laifin fyade a shekarar 2011, ba a gurfanar da su a gaban kotu ba. Wani bincike na shekarar 2003 ya nuna cewa fiye da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mata a asibitin gida suna can don cin zarafin jima'i. An bayyana cewa lamarin bai canza ba, kuma fiye da rabin wadanda aka yiwa fyaden ‘yan mata ne tsakanin shekaru 11 zuwa 15. Yawan fyade yana faruwa a makaranta. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch ta yi ikirarin cewa dubban 'yan mata da ke aiki a matsayin masu gadin gida ne masu aikinsu ke yi musu fyade. Jami'an tsaro sun yi wa mata da dama fyade a fili a lokacin rikicin siyasa na shekarar 2007 da shekarar 2009. Duk da cewa ba bisa ka'ida ba, kaciyar mata yana da yawa a duk kabilu: Binciken Alkaluman Jama'a da Lafiya na 2005 ya nuna cewa kashi 96 na mata sun yi aikin tiyata. Babu wani tuhumar da ake yi wa ma'aikatansa. Kasar ba ta da wata doka da ta haramta nuna wariya ga nakasassu Guinea tana da kabilanci daban-daban, kuma mutane suna da alaƙa da ƙabilarsu sosai. Kalaman kabilanci yayin yakin neman zabe ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar akalla mutane biyu a shekarar ta 2011. Duk da cewa luwadi haramun ne, babu wanda aka tuhume shi a kalla shekaru goma. Ana ɗaukar dangantakar jima'i iri ɗaya a matsayin haramtacciyar haramtacciyar hanya, kuma Firayim Minista ya bayyana a cikin shekarar 2010 cewa baya ɗaukar yanayin jima'i a matsayin halastaccen 'yancin ɗan adam. 'Yancin magana Kafofin watsa labarai da sa ido Kundin tsarin mulki ya tabbatar da ‘yancin yada labarai. Sai dai rahotanni na cewa jami’an tsaro na cin zarafin ‘yan jarida da ke sukar gwannatin kasar 'Yancin addini Gabaɗaya ana mutunta haƙƙoƙin addini, kodayake ana ikirari ana nuna wa waɗanda ba musulmi ba ne wariya wajen rabon aikin gwamnati. Akwai takurawa adding musulmi 'yancin shiga wasu addinai. Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya Matsayin Guinea game da yarjejeniyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta kasa da kasa sune kamar haka: Duba kuma Fataucin mutane a Guinea Binciken Intanet da sa ido a Guinea Bayanan kula 1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a 2009, da sauransu. 2. Tun daga 1 ga Janairu. 3. Rahoton na 1982 ya shafi shekara ta 1981 da rabin farko na 1982, kuma rahoton na 1984 na gaba ya shafi rabin na biyu na 1982 da kuma gaba ɗaya 1983. Don samun sauƙi, waɗannan rahotannin "shekaru da rabi" guda biyu masu banƙyama an raba su zuwa rahotanni na tsawon shekaru uku ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Manazarta Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Guinea a Amnesty International Guinea a Human Rights Watch Guinea a FIDH Guinea a ofishin hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (OHCHR) Guinea a UNICEF Djibouti a International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) (kuma ana samunsa cikin Faransanci Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98ungiyar%20Ma%27aikatan%20Ma%27adinai%20ta%20%C6%98asa%20%28Afirka%20ta%20Kudu%29

Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa (Afirka ta Kudu)

Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'adinai ta Kasa (NUM) galibi ƙungiya ce mai alaƙa da masana'antar ma'adinai, ƙungiyar ma'aikata tare da manufofi ta hanyar ma'aikata, a Afirka ta Kudu. Tare da mambobi 300,000 a shekarar 2014, ita ce babbar ƙungiya ta Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). Tarihi An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1982 a matsayin kungiyar ma'aikatan ma'adinai, a kan shirin Majalisar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu. Shugabansu na farko shi ne Cyril Ramaphosa, a ƙarƙashinsa ya girma cikin sauri, ya sami karbuwa daga Chamber of Mines a 1983. NUM ta yi nasarar kamfen a cikin shekarun 1980s don ƙarshen tsarin ajiyar aiki, tsarin da ya tabbatar da cewa an ba da ayyukan da aka fi biyan kuɗi ga fararen fata. Kungiyar ta kasance mai kafa kungiyar Congress of South African Trade Unions a shekarar 1985. A shekara ta 2001, ta shagaltar da Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Ginin da Allied, yayin da a cikin 2021 ta shagamar da Kungiyar 'Yancin Metalworkers ta Afirka ta Kudu.An kammala hadewar a cikin 2021. NUM tana da alaƙa da duniya tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Chemical, Energy, Mine da Janar Workers' Unions. Yajin aikin 2007 A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007, kungiyar ta shiga yajin aiki don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin aiki a ma'adinan Afirka ta Kudu. Yajin aikin ya samo asali ne daga hauhawar mutuwar ma'aikata daga 2006 zuwa 2007, duk da shirin gwamnati a watan Oktoba don rage mutuwar. Kasa da kashi 5% na ma'aikatan ma'adinai sun zo aiki a wannan rana. Yunkurin yajin aiki na 2012 A ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, dubban mambobin NUM sun fara jerin yajin aiki a ma'adinan Lonmin na Marikana da ke da alaƙa da buƙatun kara albashi. Kashegari, shugabannin NUM sun yi zargin sun bude wuta a kan mambobin NUM da ke tafiya zuwa ofisoshin su don neman tallafi daga ƙungiyarsu abin da ya faru yanzu ya zama abin tashin hankali na farko a lokacin yajin aikin. An ce a cikin kafofin watsa labarai cewa kisan ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai biyu ya kasance babban dalilin rushewar amincewa a cikin ƙungiyar tsakanin ma'aikata. A cikin gabatarwar ga Hukumar Farlam, NUM ta ce an tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da karfi mai kisa a wannan rana. An kiyasta cewa tsakanin 12 da 14 ga watan Agusta kimanin mutane tara (akalla ma'aikata hudu, jami'an 'yan sanda biyu da masu tsaro biyu) an kashe su a yankin da ke kusa da Marikana kodayake akwai rahotanni masu rikitarwa game da wanda ya kashe a lokacin waɗannan kwanakin. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 'yan sanda sun bude wuta a kan wani rukuni na masu hakar ma'adinai da suka taru a kan tudu kusa da Nkaneng, akalla mutane 34 ne suka mutu a Marikana, 78 sun ji rauni kuma an kama 259. Masu hakar ma'adinai suna ɗauke da machetes kuma sun ki amincewa da bukatar da za a yi wa su kwashe makamai. A cewar Majalisa ta Kungiyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu, 'yan sanda sun fara amfani da iskar hawaye, bindigogi na ruwa sannan suka yi amfani da "harsashi masu rai". An yi la'akari da kisan kiyashi a ko'ina cikin kafofin watsa labarai tare da 'yan sanda, Lonmin da NUM kanta ana zargin su. Ru'ya ta Yohanna game da abin da ya faru wanda ya fara da bincike na ilimi sannan ya biyo bayan rahoto na Greg Marinovich ya nuna cewa yawancin kashe-kashen sun faru ne daga kyamara mintuna da yawa bayan an rubuta wasu kashe-kisan a talabijin. A cewar New York Times, "Frans Baleni, babban sakatare na National Union of Mineworkers, ya kare 'yan sanda a wata hira da Kaya FM, tashar rediyo" yana cewa yan sanda sun yi haƙuri, amma waɗannan mutane suna da makamai masu haɗari sosai". Harbin ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi munin da hukumomin Afirka ta Kudu suka yi tun ƙarshen zamanin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Baleni da sauran jami'an NUM sun kuma zargi 'dakarun uku' da kasancewa a bayan yajin aikin Marikana. Rashin goyon baya An yi jayayya cewa an yi fice daga NUM. A cewar Mai Shari'a Malala, a rubuce a cikin The Guardian, "NUM ta rasa duk abin da za a iya gaskatawa kuma tana zubar da jini. Sakataren da aka riga aka biya shi, Baleni, an ba shi karin albashi sama da 40% a shekarar da ta gabata kuma jimlar albashi ya fi R105 000 a wata. Shugabannin NUM sun ki fita daga motocin 'yan sanda don yin magana da ma'aikata. Wasu kuma sun yi jayayya cewa lambobin membobin NUM sun karu kuma, yanzu, sakamakon yajin aiki a Arewa maso Yamma, membobinta na iya tsayawa a kusa da 150,000. Wasu sun yaba da kungiyar. Wani edita a cikin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ya ce "NUM shine mai tunani, wanda ake la'akari da zuciyar ƙungiyar a nan... Yana godiya da kuma darajar masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni masu karfi. Kungiyar masu adawa da kungiyar ma'aikata da gine-gine (AMCU) ta karu da mambobi tun bayan harbe-harbe na Marikana kuma yanzu tana wakiltar sama da 40% na ma'aikata a Amplats da 70% a Lonmin. Jagoranci Sakatare Janar 1982: Cyril Ramaphosa 1991: Kgalema Motlanthe 1998: Gwede Mantashe 2006: Frans Baleni 2015: David Sipunzi 2022: William Mabapa Shugabannin 1982: James Motlatsi 2000: Senzeni Zokwana 2014: Piet Matosa 2018: Joseph Montisetse 2022: Daniel Balepile Ƙarin karantawa Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su Haɗin waje Shafin yanar gizon NUM. Afrika Ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afrika Ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C6%99%C6%99in%20%C9%97an%20Adam%20a%20Najeriya

Haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya

Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Nijeriya an kiyaye a ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin mulki na yanzu na shekara ta 1999. Duk da yake Najeriya ta samu cigaba sosai game da ƴancin ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin wannan kundin tsarin mulki, Rahoton Yancin Dan Adam na Amurka na Shekara ta 2012 ya lura da wurare da yawa da ake buƙatar ƙarin haɓaka, wanda ya haɗa da: cin zarafin da Boko Haram, kashe-kashe daga sojojin gwamnati, rashin daidaito tsakanin jama'a da batutuwa tare da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Rahoton Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya na Shekara ta 2015 ya kuma nuna cewa tsananin tashin hankali daga kungiyar Boko Haram, takaita hakkokin LGBTIQ da cin hanci da rashawa na gwamnati na ci gaba da lalata matsayin 'yancin dan adam a Najeriya. Tarihi tun daga samun 'yancin kai A tsakanin Ƴancin ta a shekara ta 1960 da dawowar mulkin dimokiraɗiyya a Shekara ta 1999, Nijeriya ta sami zaɓaɓɓun Shugabannin ƙasashe biyu, ɗayan da aka nada, magajin soja ɗaya da juyin mulki sau 7 watau mulkin soja. Juyin mulki a cikin sauki yana nufin yakin da aka yi tsakanin shugabannin sojoji da ke jagorantar wata jiha don kwace ko hambarar da shugaban kasa mai ci, ko dai saboda mai ci ya kasance mai cin hanci da rashawa ko kuma ba zai iya cika duk abubuwan da yake ganin ya dace da kasar a ciki ba lokacin aikinsa. A cikin Shekara ta 1979, Najeriya ta amince da tsarin shugaban kasa domin a tabbatar da daman zaben wadanda za su mulke su da sabon kundin tsarin mulki Wannan kundin tsarin mulki ya ba da tabbaci game da 'yancin ɗan adam wanda ke taɓarɓarewa ko yaushe. Gwamnatin Janar Ibrahim Babangida, da sauransu, an lura da ita wajen keta haddin dan adam. Kodayake Nijeriya ta himmatu wajen rattaba hannu tare da rattaba hannu kan yarjeniyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya, to amma ta ga kalubale lokacin da ake kokarin aiwatar da wadannan yarjejeniyoyi a cikin gida. Najeriya tana aiki ne a karkashin tsari biyu kuma ba za ta iya amfani da yarjeniyoyin kasa da kasa ba sai dai idan majalisun dokokin Najeriya sun amince da su. Bugu da kari, kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ya kare hakkokin jama'a da siyasa, amma yarjeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Afirka suma sun fadada kariya ga al'adu, tattalin arziki, da 'yancin kungiyoyi. Saboda kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya doka ce mafi girma, Kotun Koli ta Najeriya sau da yawa takan warware rikice-rikice don nuna goyon baya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki, don haka take takaita fadada yiwuwar 'yancin dan Adam. 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki Lokacin da Janar Babangida ya hau mulki a shekara ta 1985 ya soke Dokar mai lamba 4 na Shekara ta 1984, dokar da ta sanya aikata laifi a buga duk wani abu da ake ganin abin kunya ne ko kuma ya saba wa bukatun gwamnati, akwai sabon fata na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da jama'a da kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin mulkin Babangida, haƙuri na siyasa ya faru na ɗan lokaci. Ko yaya, wannan taƙaitacciyar hanyar neman 'yancin ɗan adam ta ɓarke lokacin da gwamnatin ta fara kulle masu sukarta da korar ma'aikata waɗanda ba su inganta ra'ayoyinsu da manufofinsu. Wannan gwamnatin ta rufe jaridu da haramtattun kungiyoyi fiye da kowane a tarihin Najeriya bayan mulkin mallaka. Paparazzi a Najeriya galibi ya kasance yana fuskantar dabarun tsoro da tursasawa. An yi wa ‘yan jarida“ tattaunawa ”tare da Hukumar tsaron Jiha wanda ya shafi barazanar da kuma yiwuwar ɗaure shi. Ana cigaba da rufe jaridar. A cikin Shekara ta 1990, Jamhuriyar, Newbreed, Lagos Daily News, The Punch, da sauran jaridu daban-daban gwamnatin tarayya ta rufe su a wani lokaci. A shekara ta 1999, sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ya sami kariya daga faɗin albarkacin baki Sai dai kuma daga baya aka zartar da dokokin A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2020, rahoton ‘Yan Jarida ba tare da Border World Press Freedom Index ya fitar da Nijeriya 115 cikin kasashe 180 da aka gudanar da bincike ba. Masu rahoto ba tare da iyaka ba sun ba da misali da kashewa, tsarewa da kuma cin zarafin ‘yan jarida tare da kokarin rage gwamnatin da ke yankin a matsayin dalilin da ya sa aka kara darajar. Koyaya, wannan darajar ta fi ta 146 wacce Transparency International ta baiwa Najeriya a farkon wannan shekarar dangane da cin hanci da rashawa Rahoton Reporters without Border ya kuma cigaba da cewa “Tare da sama da jaridu masu zaman kansu sama da 100, kasar da ta fi kowace kasa yawan jama’a a Afirka na jin dadin kafafen yada labarai na gaske amma bayar da labaran da suka shafi siyasa, ta’addanci ko satar kudade daga masu karfi yana da matukar matsala. Take hakkin Gwamnati Sojoji A watan Maris na shekara ta 2020, ya bayyana cewa wasu sojojin Najeriya sun yi amfani da damar karancin abinci a sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin jihar Borno tare da yi wa mata fyade a sansanonin yan gudun hijira da aka tanadar mata don ba su abincin. Wadannan karancin abinci na yan gudun hijirar suma sun haifar da mutuwar "dubunnan mutane" tun daga shekara ta 2015. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, Shekara ta 2020, an kame wasu Sojoji uku a jihar Legas saboda bayar da barazanar fyade ga mata. A ranar 21 ga Mayun, shekara ta 2020, an kame wasu ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke jihar Legas, Kehinde Elijah da Ezeh Joseph saboda samun su da hannu a kisan wani dan sanda mai mukamin sajan a ranar 10 ga Mayun shekara ta 2020. Masu harbe-harben, wadanda daga baya aka tsare su a hannun sojoji, wani jami'in 'yan sanda na Najeriya ya taimaka ma su kuma ana neman su da "laifukan ta'addanci." Ƴan sanda A Nijeriya ana kallon Yan Sandan Najeriya a matsayin marasa inganci da cin rashawa. Rundunar Hadin Gwiwa ta Najeriya (JTF) ta ba da isasshen martani da karfi wajen kai hare-hare na ƙungiyar Boko Haram. JTF na da hannu wajen kashe wadanda ake zargi ba tare da fuskantar shari'a ba tare da kashe bazuwar al'ummomin da ake zargi da tallafawa ƙungiyar Boko Haram. Duba kuma Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Kasa (Najeriya) Fataucin mutane a Najeriya Binciken yanar gizo da sa ido a Najeriya Hakkokin (LGBT) a Najeriya Siyasar Najeriya Rikicin gama gari a Najeriya Ajiye Childrenananan Witan mayu na Afirka Manazarta Hanyoyin haɗin waje Wakokin GQOM Fakaz A Song Mai yiwuwa Télécharger Rahoton shekara-shekara na 2012 na Amnesty International Rahoton 'Yanci a cikin Rahoton Duniya na 2011 na Freedom House Rahoton Duniya na 2012, na Human Rights Watch Tsarin Ayyuka na Kasa don Ingantawa Kare 'Yancin Dan Adam a Nijeriya, 2006 Ƴancin Ɗan Adam Ƴancin muhalli Muhalli Yanayi Rajin Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki Pages with unreviewed

51758

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamil%20Sahid%20Mohamed%20Khalil

Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil

Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil (1936 2000) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Saliyo da Lebanon, ɗan kasuwan lu'u-lu'u da kayayyaki. Ya yi kuma fice a masana'antar lu'u-lu'u a fadin Afirka da Antwerp kuma ya zama mai tasiri a siyasar Saliyo ta hanyar kusancinsa da Shugaba Siaka Stevens. Jamil kuma ya zo ya mamaye sauran sassan kasuwanci da suka hada da kamun kifi, gine-ginen yawon bude ido da sufurin jiragen sama. A shekara ta 1987, shi da wasu fitattun 'yan siyasa, ciki har da mataimakin shugaban kasa Francis Minah, an kama su, an same su da laifi kuma an yanke musu hukuncin kisa a cikin yunkurin kisa da bai yi nasara ba kan Shugaba Joseph Momoh. Jamil ya tsere kuma an kore shi daga Saliyo. Ya koma Freetown kafin ya sake barin ta a shekarar 1999 RUF mamayewa. Ƙuruciya An haifi Jamil a Freetown a shekara ta 1936 mahaifiyarsa 'yar Saliyo ce mahaifinsa kuma ɗan Lebanon. Sana'a Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil ya gina dimbin arzikinsa ta hanyar fitar da lu'u-lu'u zuwa Antwerp a shekarun saba'in da tamanin. Za a iya cewa shi ne dan kasuwan Lebanon mafi nasara a yammacin Afirka. A sakamakon ayyukansa, an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi arziki kuma mafi iko a Afirka tare da shugaban kasar Siaka Stevens. Ƙungiya tare da Siaka Stevens Jamil ya sami ruhun dangi a cikin Shugaba Siaka Stevens wanda yake da sha'awar yin amfani da albarkatun zinare da lu'u-lu'u na Saliyo don amfanin kansa. A zamanin Saliyo bayan mulkin mallaka, haɗin gwiwar Siaka Stevens da Jamil Sahid Mohamed Khalil zai yi tasiri sosai kan manufofin gwamnati. Dukansu biyu za su, na ɗan lokaci, su ƙidaya kansu a cikin manyan attajiran Afirka. Hadin gwiwar Stevens da Jamil abu ne mai dacewa. Stevens ya sami dama amma a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa an hana shi shiga kasuwanci. Jamil ya zama mai cin gajiyar kleptocracy da Shugaba Siaka Stevens ya kafa. Gudanar da harkokin kudi na shugaban kasa ya sa ya zama mutum na biyu mafi karfin iko a Saliyo. Tare suka jefa tattalin arzikin al'ummar kasa mai tasowa cikin rudanin tattalin arziki. Jamil ya ƙarfafa Stevens ya haɗa kansa da al'ummar 'yan kasuwa na Lebanon waɗanda ke sarrafa wani yanki na cinikin lu'u-lu'u na hukuma kuma suna gudanar da yawancin cinikin lu'u-lu'u da ba na hukuma ba. Stevens ya goyi bayan safarar lu'u-lu'u ba bisa ka'ida ba, ta yadda a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 1969, darajar dala miliyan 3.4 da gwamnatin Saliyo ke samar da lu'u-lu'u a kowane wata ya ɓace, bisa ga umarnin Stevens da Jamil. Shugaban ya bai wa Kamfanin Kasuwancin Jamil na kasa ikon shigo da kayayyaki sama da tamanin da bakwai. ya kau da kai yayin da Jamil ya zama na gaba-gaba wajen safarar kayan masarufi da ma’adanai na kasar nan, inda ya tara sama da dala miliyan 300. An yi wa Jamil baftisma da "Diamond King". A shekara ta 1971 shugaban ya kawo karshen mulkin mallaka na De Beers bisa bukatar Jamil, wanda ya riga ya sami nasarar samun kashi 12% na rangwamen. A shekara ta 1984 Jamil ya sayi ragowar hannun jari daga De Beers. Wannan shi ne karon farko da De Beers ya taba yin rashin nasara a Afirka. Tommy Taylor-Morgan, Ministan Kudi, ya yi gargadin cewa Saliyo na yin asarar sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 160 na kudaden shigar lu'u-lu'u a duk shekara saboda safarar lu'u-lu'u. Cin hanci da rashawa da fasa kwauri sun kai matsayin da samar da lu'u-lu'u a hukumance ya ragu sosai. A shekara ta 1985 kudin kasar, Leone ya ragu da kusan kashi 60 cikin 100 kuma kudin waje ya yi karanci. Tsakanin shekarun 1968 zuwa 1985 Stevens da Jamil sun yi nasarar kashe kudaden Saliyo har sai da suka mayar da daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da lu'u-lu'u da zinare a matsayin kasa mafi talauci a duniya. A cikin bayanin Jamil, C. Magbaily Fyle a cikin littafinsa "Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone," ya rubuta cewa "A karshen shekarun 1970, Jamil ya kasance yana rinjayar gwamnati da nadin ministoci, kuma yana jin tsoro, tsoro ko sha'awar, ya danganta da haka. hasashe na mai kallo." A shekara ta 1978, Kamfanin gine-gine na kasa da kasa, wani kamfani na gine-gine mallakin Jamil ya ba da kwangilar gina gidan shugaban kasa ta Shugaba Stevens Wanda yake a saman tsaunin Juba a Freetown kuma ya yi sama da kadada 25, ginin Kabasa Lodge ya dauki watanni biyu kafin a fara ginin. cikakke. An gamada lokacin taron OAU na shekarar 1980. A cikin watan Disamba 1987 Stevens yana London yana murmurewa daga bugun jini. Daga baya ya samu labarin cewa Jamil bai ajiye bangarensa na cinikin ba a tsawon shekarun da suka yi. A gaskiya gidan da Stevens yake zaune, a yammacin London ya kamata Jamil Said ne ya siya masa. Sai ya zama ba haka lamarin yake ba. An ruwaito cewa ya gaya wa Stevens, bai sanya sunansa [Stevens] a gidan don kare shi ba. Stevens ya tunatar da shi cewa shekaru biyu kenan bayan ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa. An ruwaito Stevens ya ba da labarin jikansa da ke zaune tare da shi a gidan kamar haka: "Wannan mutumin ya yi amfani da ni". "Allah ya biya shi" Haɗin Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Falasdinu Tasirin Jamil ya yi girma har ya yi nasarar shawo kan wanda aka zaba na hannun Stevens, Shugaba Joseph Saidu Momoh, ya gayyaci Yasir Arafat don ziyarar aiki, bisa ga umurnin abokinsa, Sarki Hussein na Jordan. Makasudin ziyarar Arafat dai ita ce kulla yarjejeniya da Momoh kan gudanar da wani sansanin horar da sojojin Falasdinawa a daya daga cikin tsibiran da ke gabar tekun Saliyo. Arafat ya bai wa Momoh dala miliyan 8 amma a karshe Momoh ya ja baya da matsin lambar kasashen yamma kuma a hukumance ya ce a’a. A maimakon haka, ya ba Jamil damar ci gaba da kiyaye abin da ake kira 500 mai karfi "dakaru na sirri" wanda ya hada da Falasdinawan gudun hijira. Gudun hijira ta biyu Jamil ya tsere daga Saliyo a lokacin da 'yan tawayen RUF suka mamaye Freetown a shekarar 1999. Daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan nasa ya mutu ne sakamakon ta’asar da ‘yan tawayen suka yi, inda aka harbe Jamil a gaban sa, lokacin da ‘yan tawayen suka kai hari a gidansa da ke Freetown. An ce dan ya kai wa mahaifinsa harsashin. Tsohon abokinsa, Kakakin Majalisar Labanon, Nabih Berri ya shirya shi ya tsere zuwa Lebanon a kan fasfo na diflomasiyya. Majalisar dokokin Lebanon. Jamil ya rasu ne sakamakon bugun jini a kasar Lebanon. Duba kuma Diamonds na jini Joseph Saidu Momoh Juyin Juya Hali Siaka Stevens Saliyo Antwerp Manazarta Kara karantawa Child Soldiers, Adult Interests: The Global Dimensions of the Sierra Leonean Tragedy by J. Peter Pham, Ph.D. Blood from Stones: The Secret Financial Network of Terror by Douglas Farah "Freetown Journal; 'Little Beiruts' Multiplying in Africa". New York Times 24 October 1987. Hanyoyin haɗi na waje War and Peace in Sierra Leone: Diamonds, Corruption and the Lebanese Connection Sierra Leone: the world's poorest nation by Elizabeth Vidler, Contemporary Review, January 1993 Rayayyun mutane Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

30527

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuwanci%20a%20Najeriya

Karuwanci a Najeriya

Karuwanci a Najeriya haramun ne a duk jihohin Arewa da ke aiwatar da dokar hukunta laifukan Musulunci A Kudancin Najeriya, an hukunta ayyukan ‘yan iska ko mata, karuwanci da masu karancin shekaru da aiki ko mallakar gidajen karuwai a ƙarƙashin sashe na 223, 224, da 225 na kundin laifuffuka na Najeriya. Duk da cewa dokar Najeriya ba ta halalta aikin jima’i na kasuwanci ba, amma babu tabbas idan wani mai zaman kansa ne ya yi irin wannan aikin ba tare da yin amfani da ‘yan iska ko gidan karuwai ba. Tsarin laifuffuka na Najeriya ya haramta fataucin mata na ƙasa da ƙasa don yin jima'i ko kuma aikin tilastawa. Najeriya ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya ta shekara ta 2000 ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Hana, murkushewa da hukunta fataucin mutane, musamman mata da yara Tarihi Kafin samun 'yancin kai: Legas Tun daga farkon shekarun 1900, karuwar mahimmancin tattalin arzikin Legas a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa da babban birni ya canza yanayin siyasa da tattalin arziki na birnin kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga zuwan 'yan Najeriya daga can baya. Canje-canjen al'umma da na kasuwanci su ma sun faɗaɗa zuwa haɓakar jima'i kuma a shekara ta 1910, karuwanci zama ruwan dare a Legas. A shekara ta 1916, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kafa wata doka da ta haramta neman mata amma dokar ba ta ayyana karuwanci ba. Gwamnati ta aiwatar da dokar da hankali kuma an amince da karuwanci a matsayin kasuwanci muddin bai haifar da tashin hankali ba. A ƙasar da ke cike da ɗabi’a ta addini da al’ada, amma wasu mata a cikin al’umma ba su yarda karuwanci ba. A shekara ta 1923, kungiyar mata ta Legas, wata fitacciyar kungiyar mata ta rubuta koke ga shugaban ’yan sanda na neman a soke takunkumin da aka sanya wa daukar mata aikin ‘yan sanda. An rubuta takardar koken wani bangare ne don dakile karuwar karuwanci da kuma kula da karuwai daga jami’an maza. Ra'ayin jama'a ya kuma yi suka game da cinikin jima'i da ke danganta ta da laifin yara. A cikin shekara ta 1932, Tijani Omoyele, wani mawaki ya fitar da wani albam mai suna Asewo/ Omo j aguda (karuwai barayi ne ko masu laifi). A shekarun 1930, karuwai sun kasance suna da alaƙa da ƴan gungun ƴan azzalumai irin na Jagudas da Boma a Legas kuma an fara kiransu da Ashewo ko kuma masu canza kuɗi zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. A lokacin kafin yakin duniya na biyu ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci sun nemi abokan ciniki a gidajen karuwai, gidajen sinima da mashaya otal a gundumar Legas Island na Broad St, Breadfruit, Labinjo, Martins, Kasuwar Porto Novo- da Taiwo A Legas, karuwanci ya kasance wanda ba 'yan asalin jihar Legas ba ne kuma ana kiran su da suna kamar Ashewo (kalmar Yarbanci), Karuwaci Hausa), Akwunakwuna (kalmar Igbo) da Asape. Da yawa daga cikin ma’aikata wani lokaci suna komawa ƙasarsu ta haihuwa da isassun kuɗi don su sami fushin mazajen da ba su saba da mata ba su fi su kuɗi. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, jami'an Biritaniya sun firgita game da duk wata alakar da ke tsakanin yawan cututtukan da ake samu a cikin sojojin sojojin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma lalata da karuwai. A wannan lokacin, karuwancin tilas na matasa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. A shekara ta 1943 Abidjan, wata karuwa ‘yar Najeriya, mai suna Lady ta mutu da babbar mai kula da ita, Mary Eyeamevber Eforghere na Lardin Warri, Najeriya, saboda ta ki yin lalata da wani Bature ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Haɗuwa da fargabar cututtukan da ke tattare da jima'i, karuwancin yara da kuma shawo kan laifukan yara sun haifar da sabon matakin hana karuwanci. A cikin 1941, an kafa ƙungiyar masu adawa da mataimaki don gurfanar da masu laifi bisa sababbin dokoki guda biyu, Dokar Jagoran Ba da Lasisi (Haramta) Dokar da Dokar Cututtuka ta Venereal. An kuma san tsohuwar a hukumance a matsayin dokar tazara da aka ƙera don iyakance alaƙa tsakanin masu yawon buɗe ido na jima'i da karuwai. Dokar ta bukaci masu gadin yawon bude ido su sami masu gadin lasisi don yin aikinsu. Dokar ta shafi duka matasa masu laifin da ake daukar su ‘yan iska da karuwai. Bugu da ƙari, karuwai da ke yin cin zarafi a kan titi kuma suna ci gaba da zuwa masu yawon bude ido sun kama masu adawa da su. A shekarar 1942, an gina wani dakunan kwanan dalibai don gyara mata karuwai a Legas bayan shekara guda aka zartar da dokar yara da matasa ta haramta karuwanci. Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta kuma kafa sashen jindadi da jin daɗin jama'a don kula da dakunan kwanan dalibai da gyaran yara karuwai. A shekara ta 1946, an kafa dokar da ta bayyana karuwanci da haramcinsa a fili. Ƙarni na 20: Haƙuri da haɓakar fataucin jima'i Bayan samun ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960, gidajen da aka haramta a tsakiyar shekarun 1940 sun sake bullowa. Sashen jindadi da jin dadin jama'a da aka kirkiro don gyara yara karuwai sun fara zage-zage kan binciken da ta yi na karuwai. A farkon shekarun 1980, karuwanci kan titi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Allen Avenue, Ikeja da kuma wasu yankunan Oshodi da daga baya Kuramo Beach A cikin 1987, Cibiyar Mata a Najeriya ta rubuta sanarwar manema labarai game da cin zarafi, cin zarafi da fyade da 'yan sanda ke yi wa karuwanci. karuwanci na kasa-da-kasa wanda ya fara a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Yammacin Afirka ya fara girma zuwa karuwancin nahiyoyi a cikin 1980s. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1980, fataucin mata zuwa kasashen Turai irin su Italiya ya fara samun karbuwa. A yawancin lokuta, akwai misalan tilastawa. Tilastawa ya faru a yanayin da aka nemi mata ko matasa da za a yi safarar su da su rantse da wani addini na Afirka ko limamin juju ya yi. Firistoci ne suka ɗauki wasu abubuwa kamar ruwan jiki don kiyayewa ko amfani da su don yin rantsuwa da hatimin yarjejeniya. Idan mata suka isa kasar da suka nufa nan take sai su ba dillalan bashin kudin sufuri da masauki kuma za su biya bashin kafin a sako su, in har abada. Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Sa ido da Yaki da fataucin Bil Adama ya sanya Najeriya a matsayin kasa ta Tier 2 Watch List Wasu masana sun bayyana cewa karuwanci a Najeriya ya karu ne sakamakon illar tattalin arziki da faduwar farashin man fetur ya yi a farkon shekarun 1980 sannan aka fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen daidaita tsarin a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. A cikin 1980s, gidajen karuwai sun fara bunƙasa a cikin birane kuma karuwai da suka ƙaura zuwa cikin birni ana biyansu hayar yau da kullun don masauki. 1980s kuma sun ba da gudummawa ga fara kiran waya ko karuwanci na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar matasa masu digiri da ɗalibai. A Legas a farkon shekarun 1980, ’yan siyasa da ke zama a gidaje irin su 1004 sun nemi a yi wa matasa dalibai hidima kamar yadda ake kira ‘yan mata kuma sun kashe makudan kudade kan wadannan dalibai tare da tafiye-tafiye zuwa kasashen waje. A cikin garin Benin, gundumar jan haske tana kusa da titin Ugbague. Wannan ya fara zama yanki na karuwanci a cikin 1940s lokacin da mata matasa daga wasu jihohi suka zo yankin. Ana kiran matan a gida da suna asewo Ƙarni na 21 Ayyukan jima'i da fataucin mutane na ci gaba da bunkasa a Najeriya. Bisa kididdigar da Cibiyar Nazarin Laifukan Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi, kimanin mata 8,000 10,000 'yan asalin Najeriya sun yi karuwanci a Italiya tsakanin shekara ta 2000 zuwa shekara ta 2009 Wakilin Najeriya a Cote d'Ivoire ya lura da yawan 'yan mata matasa a tsakanin 'yan kasuwa 'yan Najeriya a Abidjan A Najeriya, ana samun nau'in aikin jima'i da aka fi sani a cikin gidajen karuwai ko gidajen ma'aikatan jima'i. Ci gaba da tasowa a cikin matasa dalibai da marasa aikin kammala digiri waɗanda ke amfani da jima'i don samun kudin shiga da yin aiki a matsayin karuwanci na ɗan lokaci ko kiran 'yan mata ko kuma wani lokacin da ake kira 'yan matan Aristo suna canza dabarun da ma'aikatan jima'i ke amfani da su. Waɗannan matasa da suka kammala karatun digiri da ɗalibai suna amfani da sabis na ƙwararru da kiran kira a matsayin tsarin aiki, yayin da wasu mashaya da gidajen abinci sukan yawaita. A wasu lokuta, ’yan dako ko ma’aikatan otal suna zama a matsayin ‘yan baranda da cudanya tsakanin manyan ‘yan Nijeriya da ‘yan mata. ’Yan matan aristo galibi suna hidima ga manyan ’yan ƙasa kuma baƙi sun fi albashi fiye da masu yin lalata a gidajen karuwai. Kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ma'aikatan gidan karuwai da masu yin lalata da tituna 'yan kasuwa ne, 'yan matan mashaya, masu gyaran gashi ko kuma suna da nau'in aiki na biyu. Gidajen karuwai suna kusan kowane manyan biranen Najeriya kuma suna ba da sabis mafi arha. Gidajen karuwai suna cikin gundumomi masu yawan jama'a da tarkace a cikin birni. Bayan lokacin kulle-kulle COVID-19 annoba a Najeriya, saboda karuwar zamba ta Intanet da zamba (wanda ake kira Yahoo) da yawancin Matasan Najeriya ke ci gaba da yi, yawancin matan Najeriya sun kuma nemi hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen shiga a waje da ayyukan gargajiya da kasuwanci. Sakamakon koma bayan tattalin arzikin Najeriya gaba da rashin aikin yi da raguwar kyawawan ɗabi'u na matasa a halin yanzu, yawancin mata masu shekaru tsakanin 19 zuwa 29 ciki har da ɗaliban jami'a sun koma karuwanci ko kuma suna da taken "Hookup" a matsayin yana nufin samun dogaro da kai ko salon rayuwa na abin duniya. Hookup ya bambanta da karuwanci na gargajiya saboda yana da hankali, mafi kyawun biyan kuɗi fiye da matsakaicin ayyuka kasuwanci kuma yana da wuya a gurfanar da shi. Godiya ga Intanet da kafofin watsa labarun, Hookup yanzu ya zama ruwan dare gama gari kusan kowane yanki na Najeriya, musamman a birane kamar Legas A shekara ta 2003, an kafa dokar hana fataucin mutane ta zama doka kuma an kafa wata hukuma, Hukumar Hana Fataucin Bil Adama ta ƙasa da ta kula da safarar mutane a ƙasar. Karuwanci na kamfani Wani nau'i na karuwanci daban-daban da aka sani da karuwanci na kamfanoni, sabon al'amari kuma galibi iyakance ga cibiyoyin kuɗi ya fara samun sananne a cikin shekara ta 2000s. A shekara ta 2004, wata kungiyar ma’aikatan banki ta yi barazanar shiga yajin aikin saboda zargin cewa wasu ma’aikatan mata suna kwana da maza domin samun asusu. Ko da yake galibin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi ba sa tilasta wa mata yin jima'i don cimma burin kuɗi, amma hakan na nuni da cewa bankuna da dama ba sa adawa da irin waɗannan ayyuka. A cikin shekara ta 2010, an gudanar da sauraren karar a bene na Majalisar Wakilai game da ƙudirin dokar hana karuwanci da cin zarafin mata da sauran al'amura masu alaka da su. Ƙididdigar kan ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci A wani bincike na ma'aikatan jima'i na kasuwanci, kusan kashi biyu cikin uku ko kusan 63% sun ambata cewa sun fara aikin jima'i na kasuwanci kafin su kai shekaru 19. Yawancin su (63%) suna aiki daga gidajen karuwai. Saboda mummunan ra'ayin jama'a game da aikin jima'i na kasuwanci, 88% na ma'aikata suna aiki a garuruwan da ke nesa da gidansu na yara. Galibin sun fito ne daga gidaje masu karamin karfi. Ma'aikatan jima'i suna horar da ƙwararrun ma'aikatan jima'i waɗanda suka horar da ma'aikatan jima'i kafin su fara aiki. Darussan horarwa sun shafi yadda ake mu'amala da mutum mai wahala, STDs da kariyar kai. Yawancin ma'aikatan jima'i suna da taƙaitaccen bayani game da STD's kuma yawancin sun ambata cewa ba sa amfani da asibiti don magani. UNAIDS ta kiyasta cewa akwai karuwai guda 103,506 a cikin ƙasar. Manazarta Mata a Najeriya Karuwai Karuwanci a Najeriya Zina Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

46557

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figueres

Figueres

Figueres (Da harshen Katalanci 'bishiyar', Furuci a yaren Katalanci: ɡeɾəs], ɡeɾes]; Spanish: Figueras, ɣeɾas]) itace babbar birnin comarca na Alt Empordà, ia gundumar Girona, Catalonia, Hispaniya. A garin aka haifi mai zane Salvador Dalí, kuma akwai gidan tarihi mai suna Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dalí, babban gidan kayan gargajiya wanda Dalí da kansa ya tsara wanda ke jan hankalin baƙi da yawa. Har ila yau, a nan aka haifi Narcís Monturiol, wanda ya fara yin nasarar ƙirƙira jirgin ruwa mai ƙarfi na farko a duniya. Har ila yau, a nan ne aka haifi Mónica Naranjo, ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan Hispaniya da tafi kowa shahara acikin Mutanen Espanya a tsakanin 1990s da 2000s. Tarihi Sunan garin ya samo asali ne daga Ficaris, na asalin Visigoth. A shekarar 1267, Sarki James na na Aragon ya amince da haƙƙin fuero, amma bayan shekaru huɗu Count Ponç IV na Empúries ya cinnawa garin wuta. A cikin 1794 Figueras ta mika wuya ga Faransa, amma an sake dawo da ita a cikin shekarar 1795. A lokacin Yaƙin Peninsular Turawan Faransa ne suka kwace yankin a 1808, Mutanen Sipaniya suka sake kwato shi a 1811, Faransawa suka sake karbe shi a cikin wannan shekarar. A lokacin yakin basasa na Sipaniya, garin ya zamo amintacce ga gwamnatin Republican, kuma jiragen saman Italiya na Nazi da na Fascist sun ta jefa bama-bamai akai-akai. Yana daya daga cikin garuruwan Kataloniya da aka fi yi masu ruwan bama-bamai a lokacin yakin basasa, a shekarar 1938, kuma, musamman, a farkon shekarar 1939, lokacin da dubban mutane suka ratsa cikin garin kan hanyarsu ta gudun hijira. Tabbas ba za a iya sanin adadin wadanda harin bam ya rutsa da su ba, amma zai kai kusan 400. Gwamnatin Republican ta Hispaniya ta gudanar da taronta na ƙarshe na yakin basasa (ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1939) a gidan kurkukun Sant Ferran Castel Garin Figueres ta farfado tun daga 1950s, tana ƙarfafa tattalin arzikinta da masana'antun yawon shakatawa. Muhimman wurare Sant Ferran Castle, wanda aka gina a cikin 1753 a lokacin mulkin Ferdinand VI na Spain, a wurin wani gidan zuhudu na Capuchin. Yana da shimfidar pentagonal, tare da jimlar kewayen Ikilisiyar Parish na St. Peter, a cikin Gothic Yana da nave guda ɗaya tare da ɗakin karatu na gefe. Teatre-Museu Gala Salvador Dalí (ƙarni na 19, an sabunta shi a cikin 1960s). Ya haɗa da hasumiya daga tsohuwar ganuwar. Gidan kayan tarihi na fasaha na Empordà, gidan kayan gargajiyar fasaha tare da ɗaruruwan na'urorin buga rubutu na tsoho Museu de l'Emportda Sanannun mutane Narcís Monturiol (1819-1885), injiniyan jirgin ruwa na farko kuma mai ƙirƙira. Salvador Dalí (1904-1989), mashahurin mai fasaha a duniya Montserrat Minobis da Puntonet (1942 2019), yar jarida ta mata Montserrat Vilà (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), masanin ilimin halitta Mónica Naranjo (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974), mawaƙa kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin Dídac Lee (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974), ɗan kasuwa, tsohon memba na hukumar FC Barcelona Maverick Viñales (an haife shi a shekara ta 1995), ɗan tseren MotoGP Sílvia Soler (an haifi 1961), marubuci kuma ɗan jarida Garuruwan Twin garuruwan 'yan'uwa An haɗa Figueres tare da: Alcalá la Real, Spain (1989) Marignane, France (1968) Kalisz, Poland (1986) St. Petersburg, United States (2011) Nassoshi Nassoshi Adabi Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan). Majalisar Figueres Majalisar Figueres (Catalan) Shafukan bayanan

24776

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/KB

KB

KB, kB ko kb na iya tsayawa ga to: Bankunan Bankin KB Kookmin, babban banki a Koriya ta Kudu Bankin Kaupthing, banki a Iceland Komerční banka, banki a Jamhuriyar Czech Kasikornbank, banki a Thailand Bankin Karafarin, banki a Iran Dakunan karatu Laburaren Kasa na Sweden Swedish: Laburaren Kasa na Netherlands Dutch: Wasanni Kalix BF, kulob din bandy na Sweden Kjøbenhavns Boldklub, kulob din wasannin Danish da ke Copenhagen Sauran kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyi KB Home, babban mai ginin gida na Amurka KB Lager, alama ce ta giya ta Australiya KB Toys, sarkar kayan wasan yara na Amurka K&amp;B, kantin magunguna na gida a New Orleans, Louisiana, wanda Rite Aid ya siya Druk Air (lambar IATA: KB kamfanin jirgin sama na Bhutan Mutane Kevin Bartlett (dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947), tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ostareliya KB (rapper) (an haife shi a 1988), sunan matakin mawakin hip hop na Kirista Kevin Elijah Burgess Kyle Busch (an haife shi a 1985), direban NASCAR KB Killa Beats (an haifi 1983), mai shirya rikodin hip -hop na Zambiya da mawaƙa Kobe Bryant (1978 2020), ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwando na Amurka Kimiyya da fasaha Kilobase, sashi na aunawa a cikin ilimin halittar kwayoyin halitta daidai da 1000 nau'i -nau'i na DNA ko nucleotides na RNA Kilo-base biyu (kb ko kbp), naúrar ma'aunin tsayin DNA da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jinsin halitta, daidai yake da nau'i-nau'i tushe guda 1000 Kwamfuta Kilobit (kb), ɓangaren bayanai da aka yi amfani da su, alal misali, don ƙididdige ƙarfin watsa hanyar sadarwa Kilobyte (kB), ɓangaren bayanai da aka yi amfani da su, misali, don ƙididdige ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta ko damar ajiya Allon madannai na kwamfuta, na'urar shigar da kwamfuta Tushen ilimi, ana amfani da shi don adana hadaddun bayanai da ba a tsara su ba Tushen Ilimin Microsoft, wanda ke ɗauke da bayanai kan matsalolin da masu amfani da samfuran Microsoft ke fuskanta Motoci KB jerin, babbar motar da International Harvester ta samar KB suna ne da Isuzu yayi amfani da shi a wasu kasuwanni don samfura biyu masu alaƙa: Isuzu Faster, motar daukar kaya Isuzu D-Max, motar daukar kaya NZR K <sup id="mwXw">B</sup> aji, a New Zealand tururi locomotive Sauran amfani a kimiyya da fasaha Boltzmann akai k B madaidaicin jiki wanda ya danganta zafin jiki zuwa makamashi Tsarin dissociation akai K b daidaitaccen ma'auni don tushe Ebullioscopic dindindin (K b wanda ke danganta molality zuwa matakin tafasa Darajar Kauri-butanol (ƙimar Kb), ma'aunin aikin sauran ƙarfi Sauran amfani Bench na King, tsohuwar kotun Ingilishi, ko bayanin shari'ar da ke nuna ƙarar a irin wannan kotun King's Gine -gine, harabar jami'ar Edinburgh, wacce ke ɗauke da yawancin makarantun da ke cikin Kwalejin Kimiyya da Injiniya Kwallan Ilimi, gasa ce ta ilmi tsakanin bangarori daban -daban Knight na Bath, tsohon matsayi (kafin 1815) na Order of Bath, wani ɓangare na tsarin karramawar Burtaniya wani lokacin kuma ba daidai ba ake amfani da shi don komawa zuwa Knight Bachelor Kuala Belait, birni ne a Brunei WWKB, gidan rediyon da ake kira KB Radio 1520 Duba kuma KBS

29768

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokar%20Ha%C6%99ar%20Ma%27adanai

Dokar Haƙar Ma'adanai

Dokar hakar ma'adinai ita ce reshe na doka da ke da alaƙa da ka'idodin doka da suka shafi ma'adanai da hakar ma'adinai Dokar ma'adinai ta rufe batutuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa, ciki har da mallakar albarkatun ma'adinai da wanda zai iya aiki da su. Har ila yau, ka'idoji daban-daban sun shafi aikin hakar ma'adinai dangane da lafiya da amincin masu hakar ma'adinai, da kuma tasirin muhalli na hakar ma'adinai. Batutuwa Mallaka Wani bangare na dokar dukiya wanda ke da mahimmanci ga dokar hakar ma'adinai ita ce tambayar wanene "ya mallaki" ma'adinan, kamar yadda za su iya fitar da shi bisa doka daga ƙasa. Wannan yakan dogara ne akan nau'in ma'adinan da ake tambaya, tarihin ma'adinai na hukunce-hukuncen, da kuma al'adar shari'a ta gaba ɗaya da kuma kula da dukiya. Misali, a yawancin hukunce-hukunce, haƙƙin mallaka na zinare da azurfa to sarki ne ya riƙe su, kamar yadda karafa biyu ke aiki a matsayin kuɗi a al'adance da yawa. Taimako Baya ga mallakar ma'adinan, hanyar cirewa na iya shafar masu mallakar kadarorin da ke kusa. Subsidence (wani mai ban mamaki ko da hankali) yana haifar da lokacin da ma'adanan (ko wuri makamancin haka) ya rushe ko faɗuwa, yana haifar da sama ko kusa da sifofi don faɗuwa tare da shi, yawanci lalacewa ko lalata su. Batun haƙƙin tallafi yana ƙayyadaddun haƙƙoƙin doka da alaƙa tsakanin ɓangarori a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Ta ƙasa Dokokin hakar ma'adinai sun bambanta duka biyu ta al'adar shari'a na hukunce-hukuncen shari'a, da kuma hukumcin mutum ɗaya Kamar yadda yake a tsari. Dokar hakar ma'adinai a kasashen masu jin Jamusanci Dokar hakar ma'adinai a Turai ta samo asali ne daga ka'idar gama gari na zamanin da. Daga akalla karni na 12, sarakunan Jamus sun yi iƙirarin haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai na azurfa da sauran karafa, suna fifita sarakunan gida. Amma a ƙarshen zamanai na tsakiya, haƙƙin ma'adinai, waɗanda aka sani da Bergregal an canza su daga sarki zuwa sarakunan yanki. Da farko, an ba da haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai ta baki ko a rubuce ta mutane. Tun daga farkon karni na 15, masu mulkin yanki sun kafa dokar ma'adinai ta hanyar doka ko ka'idoji (ka'idojin ma'adinai ko Bergordnungen wanda sau da yawa ya kasance yana aiki har zuwa karni na 19. An ƙirƙiri sabon, nisa, tushen shari'a tare da Dokar Ma'adinai ta Ƙasa ta Prussian ta shekarar 1865 Allgemeines Berggesetz für die Preußischen Staaten von 1865 wanda, tare da bambancin gida, an karɓa a Brunswick (1867), Bavaria (1869). Württemberg (1874), Baden (1890) da sauran ƙasashe. Ban da Masarautar Saxony, inda wata doka mai mahimmanci irin wannan, Dokar Ma'adinai ta Masarautar Saxony Allgemeines Berggesetz für das Königreich Sachsen ta fara aiki a ranar 16 ga Yuni shekarata 1868, ta zama doka a duk manyan jihohin kasar. Jamus. Yau A Jamus, ƙarƙashin Mataki na 74 (1) no. 11 na Basic Law Basic Law, ma'adinai dokar ne karkashin lokaci guda doka. Babban ma'aunin doka shine Dokar Ma'adinai ta Tarayya Bundesberggesetz A Ostiriya tushen doka yayi kama da na Jamus. Doka ta farko tun daga 1 ga Janairu shekarata 1999 ita ce Dokar Ma'adinai Raw Mineralrohstoffgesetz ko MinroG. A Switzerland dokar hakar ma'adinai kasuwanci ce ta yanki kuma tana gudanar da ita ta hanyar dokokin yankin. Dokar hakar ma'adinai a Liechtenstein ta iyakance ga wasu ma'adanai (ma'adanai na ƙarfe, albarkatun burbushin burbushin halittu da kayan da ke da alaƙa kamar graphite, anthracite, coal dutse, lignite, slate coal, kwalta, bitumen da mai ma'adinai, sulfur, dutsen gishiri da maɓuɓɓugan gishiri) kuma ana sarrafa su. galibi ta Dokar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Liechtenstein, labarai na 484 zuwa 497. Kamar yadda yake a Switzerland hakar ma'adinai a Liechtenstein ba ta da mahimmanci kuma ƙa'idodin dokar kadarorin galibi ƙa'idodin tsari ne kawai. Dokar hakar ma'adinai a kasashen masu magana da Ingilishi Ba kamar dokar hakar ma'adinai ta Jamus ba, a Burtaniya da Commonwealth ka'idar hakar ma'adinai ta masu mallakar filaye ta yi rinjaye. Kambi kawai yana da'awar ajiyar zinariya da azurfa. A cikin yanayi na musamman (misali inda aka raba ikon mallakar ƙasa) ana iya ba da haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai ga wani ɓangare na uku, ta yadda za a biya masu ƙasa diyya. Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai yana biyan mai gida hayar hayar matacciyar ko kuma ta sarauta Ana iya ba da haƙƙoƙin ma'adanai na sama da ƙasa (kamar yadda ka'ida ta rushewa da ma'adanai) daban. Dokar hakar ma'adinai a Amurka kuma ta dogara ne akan dokar gama gari ta Ingilishi Anan mai gidan kuma shine mai duk albarkatun ƙasa zuwa zurfin da ba iyaka. Koyaya, jihar tana riƙe haƙƙoƙin kan phosphate, nitrate, potassium salts, kwalta, kwal, shale mai da sulfur, da haƙƙin mallaka (ba mallaki) na mai da iskar gas ba. Yashi da tsakuwa suna zuwa ƙarƙashin Sashen Cikin Gida Dokar hakar ma'adinai a kasashen masu magana da Faransanci A Faransa da Belgium Dokar farar hula ita ce tushen dokar ma'adinai. Sauran abunuwa Bergamt ofishin ma'adinai na Jamus Bergregal Haƙƙin haƙar ma'adinai na zamanin da da sarauta Bergordnung Dokokin hakar ma'adinai na Jamus Doka akan Rangwamen Ma'adinai (Chile) Aikin hakar ma'adinai Babban Dokar Ma'adinai na 1872 (Amurka) Ma'adanai da Dokar Ma'adinai na 1986 Ghana Manazarta Adabi Reinhart Piens, Hans-Wolfgang Schulte, Stephan Graf Vitzthum: Bundesberggesetz. (BergG). Kommentar. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1983, Raimund Willecke: Mutuwar Deutsche Berggesetzgebung. Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Glückauf, Essen, 1977, Eduard Kremer, Peter U. Neuhaus gen. Wever: Bergrecht. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart, a 2001, Julius Hesemann et al.: Untersuchung und Bewertung von Lagerstätten der Erze, nutzbarer Minerale und Gesteine Vademecum 1). Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen, Krefeld, 1981, shafi. 95–105: Abschnitt: Rechtsverhältnisse (Berggesetzgebung) Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Rechtliches.de: Bergrecht Deutsche Rechtsnormen zum Bergrecht BMWFJ.gv.at: Rechtsgrundlagen Bergbau Shiga game da Dokar Ma'adinai ta Austriya a Austria-Forum, dem österreichischen Wissensnetz kan layi (auf AEIOU) Doka Ma'adanai

41098

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarihin%20yankin%20Bahar%20Rum

Tarihin yankin Bahar Rum

Tarihin yankin Bahar Rum da na al'adu da mutanen Basin Bahar Rum yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar asali da ci gaban Mesofotamiya, Masarawa, Kan'aniyawa, Phoenician, Ibrananci, Carthaginian, Minoan, Girkanci, Persian, Illyrian, Thracian, Etruscan. Iberian, Roman, Byzantine, Bulgarian, Larabawa, Berber, Ottoman, Kiristanci da al'adun Musulunci. Tekun Bahar Rum ita ce babbar hanyar sufuri, kasuwanci da musayar al'adu tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban da suka mamaye nahiyoyi uku: Yammacin Asiya, Arewacin Afirka, da Kudancin Turai. Tarihin farko Lézignan-la-Cèbe a Faransa, Orce a Spain, Monte Poggiolo a Italiya da Kozarnika a Bulgaria suna daga cikin tsoffin wuraren Paleolithic a Turai kuma suna kusa da Basin Bahar Rum. Akwai shaidar kayan aikin dutse akan Crete a cikin shekaru 130,000 BC, wanda ke nuna cewa mutanen farko sun iya amfani da jiragen ruwa don isa tsibirin. Matsayin al'adu na wayewa (tsarin al'umma da aka tsara a kusa da cibiyoyin birane) ya fara tasowa a kudu maso yammacin Asiya, a matsayin hadakar yanayin Neolithic, tun daga farkon karni na 8 BC, na cibiyoyin proto-urban irin su Çatalhöyük. Civilization na gari daidai ya fara fitowa a cikin Chalcolithic, a cikin karni na 5 zuwa 4 na Masar da kuma a Mesopotamiya. Yankin Bahar Maliya babban jigon wayewar Turai ne. An yi imanin wurin Solnitsata (5500 BC 4200 BC) shine birni mafi dadewa a Turai kakkarfan katanga (garu) mazaunin dutse (birni na tarihi). Kayan kayan tarihi na farko na zinariya a duniya sun bayyana daga karni na 4 BC, kamar wadanda aka samo a cikin wani wurin binne daga 4569-4340 BC da kuma daya daga cikin mahimman wuraren tarihi na tarihi a tarihin duniya-Varna Necropolis kusa da tafkin Varna a Bulgaria, an yi la'akari da shi. zama farkon abin da aka samo na kayan tarihi na zinare na "kyakkyawan kwanan wata". Tun daga 1990, kayan tarihi na zinari da aka samu a makabartar kogon Wadi Qana na karni na 4 BC a Yammacin Kogin Jordan su ne na farko daga Levant. Zamanin Bronze ya taso a wannan yanki a cikin ƙarni na karshe na karni na 4th. Urban civilization na Crescent mai albarka a yanzu suna da tsarin rubuce-rubuce da hadaka aikin hukuma, a tsakiyar karni na 3 wanda ke haifar da ci gaban dauloli na farko. A cikin karni na 2, yankunan gabashin Tekun Bahar Rum sun mamaye daulolin Hittiyawa da Masarautar Masar, suna fafatawa don iko da jihohin birni a cikin Levant (Kan'ana). Minoans suna kasuwanci a ko'ina cikin yawancin Bahar Rum. Rushewar Zamanin Bronze shine sauyi daga Late Bronze Age zuwa farkon zamanin iron age, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar rugujewar tattalin arzikin fadar Aegean da Anatoliya, wadanda aka maye gurbinsu bayan tsagaitawar al'adun kauye na tsohuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wasu sun yi nisa har suna kiran abin da ya kawo karshen Zamanin Tagulla da “catastrophe”. Ana iya ganin rugujewar shekarun Bronze a cikin mahallin tarihin fasaha wanda ya ga jinkirin, kwatankwacin ci gaba da yaduwar fasahar aikin karfe a yankin, wanda ya fara da aikin ƙarfe na karfe a yanzu a cikin kasar Romania a karni na 13 da 12. Rushewar al'adu na masarautun Mycenaean, daular Hittiyawa a Anatoliya da Siriya, da Masarautar Masar a Siriya da Isra'ila, barkewar huldar kasuwanci mai nisa da kusufin karatu kwatsam tsakanin 1206 zuwa 1150 BC. A cikin kashi na farko na wannan lokacin, kusan kowane birni tsakanin Troy da Gaza an lalata su da karfi, kuma sau da yawa ya bar shi ba tare da komai ba (misali, Hattusas, Mycenae, Ugarit). A hankali karshen zamanin Duhu wanda ya biyo baya ya ga hadakar masarautun Neo-Hittite Aramaean na tsakiyar karni na 10 BC, da hadakar Daular Neo-Assyrian. Yayin da ci gaban al'adu a lokacin Bronze Age ya kasance mafi yawa a cikin yankunan gabas na Bahar Rum, tare da Iron Age, duk yankin bakin teku da ke kewaye da Bahar Rum yanzu ya shiga, mahimmanci saboda fadada Phoenician daga Levant, farawa a ca. karni na 12. Fernand Braudel ya bayyana a cikin Ra'ayin Duniya cewa Phenicia ta kasance farkon misali na "tattalin arzikin duniya" da dauloli suka kewaye. Babban batu na al'adun Phoenician da ikon teku yawanci ana sanya ca. 1200-800 BC An kafa yawancin kauyuka mafi muhimmanci na Finikiya tun kafin wannan lokacin: Byblos, Trye, Sidon, Simyra, Arwad, da Berytus, duk sun bayyana a cikin allunan Amarna. Manazarta Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

31110

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majalisar%20ministocin%20Najeriya

Majalisar ministocin Najeriya

Majalisar Ministocin Najeriyaani bangare ne na bangaren zartarwa na gwamnatin Najeriya. Matsayin Majalisar Ministoci, kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin Dokokin Mulki da Ayyuka na Ministoci (MISELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) Dokar ita ce ta zama hukumar ba da shawara ga shugaban Najeriya. Ana nada ‘yan majalisar zartaswa kuma masu kai rahoto ga shugaban kasa, wanda zai iya korar su idan ya ga dama. Majalisar ministocin a halin yanzu tana kula da ma'aikatun tarayya guda 24, kowannensu yana da alhakin wani al'amari na samar da ayyukan gwamnati, da kuma wasu ma'aikatu (kungiyoyin mallakar gwamnati Dangantaka da aikin gwamnati Ma’aikatu da ma’aikata suna da ma’aikatan gwamnati masu aiki. Kowanne yana karkashin jagorancin Babban Sakatare, babban ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda shugaban ma'aikata ya nada. Babban Sakatare yana da alhakin wani Minista, wanda ke zaune a cikin majalisar ministoci yana ba da rahoto ga shugaban kasa. Shugaban kasa ne ya nada Ministan bisa ga amincewar Majalisar Dattawa kuma shi ke da alhakin manufofin, kuma yayin da Sakatare na dindindin ke da alhakin aiwatar da manufofin. Tsarin zartarwa Shugabannin ma’aikatun zartaswa ne shugaban kasa ya nada su sannan ya mika su ga majalisar dattawa. Sashe na 147 (6) yana ba Majalisar Dattawa kwanaki 21 don kammala tantancewa don tabbatarwa ko kin amincewa da rinjaye mai sauƙi. A cewar sashe na 147 (5) na kundin tsarin mulkin kasa, cancantar wanda za a nada a matsayin Minista shi ne cewa dole ne mutum ya zama "mai cancantar zabe a majalisar wakilai". Idan an amince da su, za su karɓi littafin hukumar, za a rantsar da su sannan su fara ayyukansu. Albashi Shuwagabannin ma’aikatun zartaswa da sauran manyan jami’an gwamnatin tarayya a matakin majalisar ministoci ko kuma kananan hukumomi na karbar albashin su a karkashin wani tsayayyen tsarin albashi kamar yadda hukumar tattara kudaden shiga da kasafi (RMAFC) ta duba. Babban albashi na shekara-shekara na babban minista shine ₦2,026,400 168,866:66 a kowane wata). Ministoci da Ministoci Bisa ga babban taron, dole ne a samu akalla mamba daya daga cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, duk da cewa ma’aikatu 28 ne kawai, kuma a wasu lokutan Shugaban kasa ya kan rike wata muhimmiyar ma’aikatar kamar albarkatun mai. Don tabbatar da wakilci daga kowace jiha, Minista ɗaya ko sama da haka yana taimaka wa Minista. majalisar ministocin yanzu Current cabinet Portfolio Minister Took office Left office Party The Presidency President Muhammadu Buhari[a] 29 May 2019 Incumbent APC Vice President Yemi Osinbajo 29 May 2019 Incumbent APC Chief of Staff to the President Abba Kyari 5 June 2019[7] 17 April 2020[b][8] APC Ibrahim Gambari 13 May 2020[9] Incumbent APC Secretary to the Government of the Federation Boss Mustapha 5 June 2019[7] Incumbent APC Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Sabo Nanono 21 August 2019[10] 1 September 2021[c][11] APC Mohammad Mahmood Abubakar 1 September 2021[11] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Agriculture and Rural Development Mustapha Baba Shehuri 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Aviation Minister of Aviation Hadi Sirika 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy Minister of Communications and Digital Economy Isa Ali Pantami 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Defence Minister of Defence Bashir Salihi Magashi 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Education Minister of Education Adamu Adamu 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Education Chukwuemeka Nwajiuba 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Environment Minister of Environment Mohammad Mahmood Abubakar 21 August 2019[10] 10 September 2021[d][12] APC Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi 6 April 2022[13] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Environment Sharon Ikeazor 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Federal Capital Territory Administration Minister of the Federal Capital Territory Mohammed Musa Bello 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for the Federal Capital Territory Ramatu Tijani Aliyu 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Finance, Budget and National Planning Minister of Finance, Budget and National Planning Zainab Ahmed 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent N/A Minister of State for Budget and National Planning Clement Agba 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent N/A Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister of Foreign Affairs Geoffrey Onyeama 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Zubairu Dada 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent N/A Ministry of Health Minister of Health Osagie Ehanire 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Health Adeleke Mamora 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development Minister of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development Sadiya Umar Farouq 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment Niyi Adebayo 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Industry, Trade and Investment Mariam Yalwaji Katagum 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent N/A Ministry of Information and Culture Minister of Information and Culture Lai Mohammed 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of the Interior Minister of the Interior Rauf Aregbesola 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Justice Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation Abubakar Malami 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Labour and Employment Minister of Labour and Employment Chris Ngige 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Labour and Employment Tayo Alasoadura 21 August 2019[10] 24 September 2019[e][14] APC Festus Keyamo 24 September 2019[14] Incumbent APC Ministry of Mines and Steel Development Minister of Mines and Steel Development Olamilekan Adegbite 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Mines and Steel Development Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs Minister of Niger Delta Affairs Godswill Akpabio 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Niger Delta Affairs Festus Keyamo 21 August 2019[10] 24 September 2019[f][14] APC Tayo Alasoadura 24 September 2019[14] Incumbent APC Ministry of Petroleum Resources Minister of Petroleum Resources Muhammadu Buhari[a] 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Petroleum Resources Timipre Sylva 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Police Affairs Minister of Police Affairs Mohammed Maigari Dingyadi 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Power Minister of Power Saleh Mamman 21 August 2019[10] 1 September 2021[c][11] APC Abubakar Aliyu 1 September 2021[11] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Power Goddy Jedy Agba 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation[g] Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation Ogbonnaya Onu 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Science, Technology and Innovation Mohammed Hassan Abdullahi 21 August 2019[10] 6 April 2022[h][13] APC Ministry of Special Duties and Inter-governmental Affairs Minister of Special Duties and Inter-governmental Affairs George Akume 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Transportation Minister of Transportation Rotimi Amaechi 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Transportation Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Water Resources Minister of Water Resources Suleiman Adamu Kazaure 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Women Affairs Minister of Women Affairs and Social Development Pauline Tallen 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Ministry of Works and Housing Minister of Works and Housing Babatunde Fashola 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Minister of State for Works and Housing Abubakar Aliyu 21 August 2019[10] 1 September 2021[i][11] APC Mu'azu Sambo 24 December 2021[17] Incumbent APC Ministry of Youth and Sports Development Minister of Youth and Sports Development Sunday Dare 21 August 2019[10] Incumbent APC Reference Ma'aikatan Najeriya Ma'aikatun Tarayyar Najeriya

24086

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwan%20sama%20a%20Karnataka

Ruwan sama a Karnataka

Jihar Karnataka a Indiya tana fuskantar yawan ruwan sama a yankuna daban-daban. Yayin da Malnad da Coastal Karnataka ke samun yawan ruwan sama; yankinta na arewacin Bayaluseemae a cikin Deccan Plateau yana daya daga cikin yankunan da ba su da bushewa a kasar. Galibin ruwan sama da ake samu a jihar na damina ne. Kasancewar tattalin arzikin noma da kaso mai yawa na ‘yan kasar da ke sana’ar noma, rashin samun ruwan sama na iya yin illa ga tattalin arzikin jihar. Baya ga fa'idar aikin gona, gwamnatin Karnataka ta yi kokarin cin moriyar sauran amfanin ruwan sama ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin kimiyya. Misalin wannan shi ne aikin, aikin noman ruwan sama a Karnataka na Karnataka wanda majalisar kimiya da fasaha ta jihar Karnataka ta kaddamar kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan noman ruwan sama a duniya. Agumbe a gundumar Shimoga, Amagaon a gundumar Belgaum, Hulikal kuma a gundumar Shimoga da Talakaveri a Madikeri wasu wuraren da aka fi sani da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Kudancin Indiya. Daga cikin wannan Amagaon ya sami sama da 10000 mm ruwan sama na sauka sau biyu a cikin shekaru 10. Agumbe da Hulikal a gundumar Shivamogga na yammacin Ghat ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin "Cheerapunji na Kudancin Indiya" amma har yanzu wasu wurare a yankin Western Ghats sun haifar da ruwan sama fiye da waɗannan ƙauyuka biyu. Amagaon a gundumar Belgaum ya rubuta adadin sihiri na 10,068mm a cikin shekara ta 2010, Mundrote a gundumar Kodagu ya rubuta 9974mm a cikin shekara ta 2011. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya kwatanta ruwan sama tsakanin Agumbe a cikin Thirthahalli taluk a gundumar Shimoga, Hulikal a cikin Hosanagara taluk a gundumar Shimoga, Amagaon a cikin Khanapur Taluk a gundumar Belgaum da Talacauvery da Mundrote a Madikeri taluk a gundumar Kodagu, Kokalli na Sirsi Taluk, Nilkund na Siddapur Taluk. CastleRock na Supa (Joida) Taluk a gundumar Uttara Kannada, Kollur a gundumar Udupi don nuna wanda za a iya kiransa Cherapunji na Kudancin Indiya". Wadannan su ne manyan wurare 5 da suka yi rikodin ruwan sama mafi girma a cikin kididdiga [2010-2017] Wuraren da ke gaba sun yi rikodin ruwan sama mafi girma dangane da kowace shekara [2010-2017] Muhimmanci Tattalin arzikin Karnataka yafi noma ne kuma yawancinsa ya dogara da ruwan sama; musamman damina ta kudu maso yamma Girman ƙasa mai bushewa a cikin jihar shine na biyu kawai ga Rajasthan. 26.5% kawai na yankin da aka shuka (30,900 ana yin ban ruwa don haka sauran filayen noman sun dogara ne akan ruwan sama. Har ila yau ruwan sama ya yi tasiri wajen yawan ruwan da ake samu a koguna wanda hakan ke yin tasiri ga yawan ruwan sha ga al’umma da kuma yawan wutar lantarki da za a iya samu a tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki a jihar. Muhimmancin ruwan sama shine ta yadda Karnataka wani lokaci yakan yi amfani da hanyoyin wucin gadi masu tsada kamar shukar gajimare don haifar da ruwan sama ta hanyar wucin gadi. Har ila yau ruwan sama na da matukar muhimmanci wajen kara yawan ruwan da ke cikin kasa kuma Karnataka ta bullo da sabbin hanyoyi kamar yadda ake noman ruwan sama domin magance matsalar karancin ruwan sha a jihar. Ruwansama Karnataka majagaba ce a ra'ayin girbi ruwan sama tare da Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Karnataka (KSCST) tana aiwatar da ɗayan manyan ayyukan girbin ruwan sama a duniya. Makarantu 23683 a Karnataka na Karnataka an zabo domin gudanar da wannan aiki da babban burin samar da ruwan sha ta hanyar amfani da hanyar girbin rufin asiri. A cikin wannan aikin, ruwan sama da aka tattara a saman rufin yana gudana ta hanyar tsarin bututun PVC kuma an adana shi a cikin tankin da aka rufe. Bututun ya ƙunshi tacewa na farko wanda ke fitar da ruwan sama na farko tare da wasu gurɓatattun abubuwan da ka iya wanzuwa a kan rufin sannan kuma a bar ruwan sama mai tsabta mai tsabta ya wuce zuwa tanki. Ana amfani da tace gadon yashi don ƙara kawar da datti a cikin ruwa kafin a tattara shi a cikin tanki. Ana ɗaukar ƙarin matakan kariya don hana ƙura da kwari shiga cikin tanki. Sakamako Rashin ruwan sama Shekarar ƙarancin ruwan sama yana haifar da sakamako masu zuwa: Aikin noma zai yi tasiri: Duk da yake wannan yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga tattalin arzikin jihar, yana kuma haifar da wasu batutuwan zamantakewa kamar kashe kashe manoma. Sakamakon gazawar noman noman, manoma ba za su iya biyan bashin da suka karba na noma ba kuma kadan ne daga cikinsu ke daukar wani mataki na kashe kansu. Karancin ruwan sha: Yawancin garuruwa da biranen Karnataka sun dogara da koguna don samar da ruwan sha kuma duk wani karancin ruwan sama yana haifar da karancin ruwan sha ga gidajen. Karancin wutar lantarki: Rashin ruwan sama yana haifar da raguwar adadin wutar lantarki da ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ke samarwa don haka dole ne a dauki tsauraran matakai kamar yanke wutar lantarki na tilas don magance wannan karancin. Yawan ruwan sama Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya na iya haifar da hasarar rayuka da dukiyoyi tare da lalata amfanin gonakin. Ruwan sama mai yawa ya kuma haifar da tasiri a manyan biranen da magudanan tituna ke haifar da cunkoson ababen hawa. Misalin hakan shi ne a shekara ta 2005 lokacin da tafkin Madivala ya mamaye titin Hosur na Bangalore wanda ya tilasta wa makarantu da ofisoshi da yawa rufe. Rarraba ruwan sama Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Karnataka shine 1248 mm. An raba jihar zuwa yankuna uku na yanayin yanayi wato. Cikin Arewa Karnataka, Kudancin Cikin Karnataka da Karnataka Coastal. Karnataka Coastal tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na 3456 mm yana daya daga cikin yankunan da ake yawan ruwan sama a kasar. Kwatankwacin wannan, yankin Kudancin Cikin Karnataka da Arewacin cikin Karnataka sun karɓi 1126 da 731 kawai. mm na matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara. Gundumomi The average annual rainfall in the districts of Karnataka varies from 562 mm (22.1 in) in the Bagalkot district to 4,119 mm (162.2 in) in the Udupi District. Bagalkot, Chitradurga and Koppal are the districts which receive the least rainfall whereas Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Chickmagalur and Shivamogga districts receive the heaviest rainfall. Bayanan kula Ruwan sama Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

32532

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana%20Elles%2C%20Baroness%20Elles

Diana Elles, Baroness Elles

Diana Louie Elles, Baroness Elles (19 Yuli 1921 17 Oktoban shekarar 2009) barrista ce kuma wakiliyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga Burtaniya. Ta kasance wakiliyar Majalisar Tarayyar Turai sama da shekaru goma. Ɗanta shine James Elles. Kuruciya An haifi Diana Newcombe a Bedford, 'ya ce ga KanalStewart Francis Newcombe da matarsa Elisabeth Chaki, wadanda ya hadu da ita a yakin da ya yi. Mahaifinta babban abokin TELawrence ne, wanda shine uban ɗan'uwanta Stuart Lawrence Newcombe (an haife shi 1920). Bayan ta yi karatu a makarantu masu zaman kansu a London, Paris da Florence, ta tafi Jami'ar London, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a Faransanci da Italiyanci a 1941. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Elles ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Sama na Mata, ta zama Jami'in Jiragen Sama a 1944. Ta kware a ilmin lissafi an haɗa ta da Bletchley Park kuma ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar masu karya lamba. A cikin 1944 ta ɗauki kwas a cikin Jafananci a Bletchley Park wanda Arthur Cooper ya koyar da membobin RAF da WAAF. Aiki a Ingila Lincoln's Inn ya kira Elles zuwa kungiyar lauyoyi a shekara ta 1956 kuma ya yi aiki a cikin kwamitin kulawa na son rai a Kennington. Ta kasance darekta na Cibiyar Ma'aikata ta Kasa, ta bude kwalejin horarwa a 1963. A watan Yulin 1970, Elles ta zama shugabar sashin Burtaniya na Tarayyar Mata ta Tarayyar Turai kuma bayan shekaru uku na kungiyar gaba daya. A cikin 1972, Edward Heath, a wancan lokacin Firayim Minista na Burtaniya ya shirya mata zaman rayuwarta kuma a ranar 2 ga Mayu an halicce ta Baroness Elles, na birnin Westminster. Lokacin da Labour ta hau mulki a shekarar 1974, ta zauna a kan kujerun ‘yan adawa a majalisar dokokin kasar kuma ta kasance mai magana da yawun harkokin kasashen waje da Turai. A shekarar 1977 ne Elles ta zama memba na majalisa na Royal Institute of International Affairs har zuwa shekarar 1986 kuma daga baya ya zama gwamnan Jami'ar Karatu har zuwa 1996. Ta kasance mai kula da Masana'antu da Amincewar Majalisar daga 1985 kuma a cikin 1990 ma'aikacin Caldecott Community wanda aka kafa a matsayin gidan gandun daji na London a 1911 daga baya wurin zama (maganin warkewa) ga yara a cikin kulawa. An nada Elles a matsayin babban bencher na Lincoln's Inn a cikin 1993. Bayan ta yi ritaya daga ɗan siyasa, ta kashe lokacinta don tallafawa Cibiyar Burtaniya ta Florence. Aikin kasar waje A shekarar 1972 ne, Elles ta shiga tawagar Burtaniya zuwa babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma bayan shekara guda aka kara da shi a cikin karamin kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don rigakafin wariya da kare tsiraru. An zabe ta mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Dan Adam a 1975. Bayan shekaru hudu, ta yi murabus daga ofishinta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Edward Heath ya tura ta zuwa Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a 1973, inda ta jagoranci ofishin kasa da kasa har zuwa 1978, lokacin da Elles ya ba da damar wakilcin Labour. A zaben farko na majalisar a shekara ta 1979, ta lashe kujerar Conservative na Thames Valley. Tare da danta James, an dawo da ita a cikin 1984 na wasu shekaru biyar. Daga 1982, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar kuma bayan shekaru biyu, ta tsaya takarar shugabancin kasa. Lokacin da a cikin 1987, wa'adinta ya ƙare, ta tsaya takarar shugabancin ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya ta Turai, amma Christopher Prout ya ci nasara. Elles ya bar majalisar a 1989 kuma ya zama memba na kamfanin lauyoyi na Belgian Van Bael da Bellis. Rayuwa A 1945 ne, ta auri Neil Patrick Moncrieff Elles; sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Elizabeth Rosamund (an haifi 1947) da James Edmund Moncrieff (an haifi 1949). Mijinta ya riga ta rasuwa, Elles ta mutu a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoban 2009, a lokacin tana da shekaru 88. Ayyuka The Housewife and The Common Market (1971) Procedural Aspects of Competition Law (1975) UN Human Rights of Non-Citizens (1984) Legal Issues of the Maastricht Treaty (1995) European and World Trade Law (1996) Manazarta Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Portraits of Diana Elles, Baroness Elles at the National Portrait Gallery, London Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Diana Elles, Baroness Elles Hahihuwar 1921 Mutuwar 2009 Tsaffin daliban Jami'ar

55789

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero

Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero sɪsər oʊ SISS -ə SISS roh 3 Janairu 106 BC 7 ga Disamba 43 BC) ɗan ƙasar Roma ne, lauya, malami, masanin falsafa, marubuci kuma mai shakkar Ilimi, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ingantattun ka'idoji yayin rikicin siyasa wanda ya haifar da kafa daular Roma Rubuce-rubucensa masu yawa sun haɗa da rubuce-rubuce kan maganganu, falsafa da siyasa. Ana la'akari da shi daya daga cikin manyan maganganu na Rome da masu rubutun ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma wanda ya kirkiro abin da aka sani da "Ciceronian rhetoric". Cicero ya yi karatu a Roma da Girka. Ya fito ne daga dangin arziki na birni na tsarin doki na Roman, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada a cikin 63. BC Tasirinsa a kan yaren Latin yana da yawa. Ya rubuta fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na tsoffin adabin Latin waɗanda aka san cewa sun wanzu a rayuwarsa, kuma an ce labarin da ya biyo baya ko dai wani martani ne ko kuma komawa ga salonsa, ba kawai a cikin Latin ba amma a cikin harsunan Turai sama. zuwa karni na 19. Cicero ya gabatar da muhawarar manyan makarantun falsafar Hellenistic a cikin Latin kuma ya ƙirƙiri babban adadin ƙamus na falsafar Latin ta hanyar haɓaka ƙamus (misali neologisms kamar janareta, infinitio, kusan 150 daga cikinsu an gabatar da su daga fassarar kalmomin falsafar Girkanci, yana nuna kansa a matsayin ƙwararren masanin falsafa da ƙwararren mai fassara Ko da yake shi ƙwararren mai magana ne kuma lauya mai nasara, Cicero ya yi imanin cewa aikinsa na siyasa ita ce babbar nasararsa. A lokacin da yake zaman nasa ne makircin Catiline ya yi yunkurin kifar da gwamnati ta hanyar kai hari a birnin da wasu dakaru na waje suka yi, kuma Cicero ya murkushe tawayen ta hanyar aiwatar da hukuncin kisa a takaice da kuma aiwatar da hukuncin kisa guda biyar ba tare da shari'a ba. A lokacin tsaka mai wuya na ƙarni na farko BC, wanda yaƙe-yaƙe na basasa da mulkin kama-karya na Julius Kaisar ke yiwa alama, Cicero ya jajirce wajen komawa ga gwamnatin jamhuriya ta gargajiya. Bayan mutuwar Kaisar, Cicero ya zama abokin gaba na Mark Antony a cikin gwagwarmayar iko, ya kai masa hari a cikin jerin jawabai An haramta shi a matsayin makiyin jihar ta hanyar Triumvirate ta biyu kuma saboda haka sojoji da ke aiki a madadinsu suka kashe shi a cikin 43. BC, wanda aka kama shi a lokacin ƙoƙarin tashi daga tsibirin Italiya. Hannunsa da aka yanke da kansa a lokacin, a matsayin fansa na ƙarshe na Mark Antony, aka nuna akan Rostra Sake gano haruffan Cicero na Petrarch sau da yawa ana ƙididdige shi don ƙaddamar da Renaissance na ƙarni na 14 a cikin al'amuran jama'a, ɗan adam, da al'adun Roman na gargajiya. A cewar masanin tarihin Poland Tadeusz Zieliński, "Renaissance ya kasance sama da komai a farfaɗowar Cicero, kuma bayansa kuma ta wurinsa na sauran zamanin da na gargajiya Kololuwar ikon Cicero da martaba sun zo a lokacin wayewar karni na 18, da kuma tasirinsa akan jagorancin masu tunani na Fadakarwa da masu ra'ayin siyasa kamar John Locke, David Hume, Montesquieu, da Edmund Burke yana da mahimmanci. Ayyukansa suna cikin mafi tasiri a cikin al'adun duniya, kuma a yau har yanzu sun zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin kayan aiki na farko don rubutawa da sake duba tarihin Romawa, musamman ma kwanakin ƙarshe na Jamhuriyar Roma Rayuwa ta sirri Rayuwar farko An haifi Marcus Tullius Cicero a ranar 3 ga Janairu 106 BC a Arpinum, wani tsauni mai nisan kudu maso gabas na Roma. Ya kasance na tribus Cornelia. Mahaifinsa ya kasance memba mai kyau na doki dawaki kuma yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa a Roma. Duk da haka, kasancewar ba shi da inganci, ya kasa shiga rayuwar jama'a kuma ya yi karatu mai zurfi don ramawa. Ko da yake ba a san da yawa game da mahaifiyar Cicero, Helvia ba, yawancin matan Romawa ne suke kula da gida. Ɗan’uwan Cicero, Quintus ya rubuta a cikin wata wasiƙa cewa ita matar gida ce mai arziƙi. Cicero's cognomen, ko sunan suna na sirri, ya fito ne daga Latin don kaji, Plutarch ya bayyana cewa asalin sunan an ba wa ɗaya daga cikin kakannin Cicero wanda ke da tsaga a saman hancinsa mai kama da kaji. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa kakannin Cicero sun sami wadata ta hanyar noma da sayar da kaji. Romawa sau da yawa suna zaɓar sunayen sunayen ƙasa-da-ƙasa. Shahararrun sunayen iyali na Fabius, Lentulus, da Piso sun fito ne daga sunayen Latin na wake, lentil, da wake, bi da bi. Plutarch ya rubuta cewa an bukaci Cicero da ya canza wannan suna a lokacin da ya shiga siyasa, amma ya ki, yana mai cewa zai sa Cicero ya fi Scaurus ("Kumburi-ankled") da Catulus ("Puppy"). A wannan lokacin a cikin tarihin Romawa, "al'ada" na nufin iya magana duka Latin da Hellenanci. Don haka Cicero ya sami ilimi a cikin koyarwar tsohuwar falsafar Girka, mawaƙa da masana tarihi yayin da ya sami yawancin fahimtarsa na ka'idar da kuma aiki na magana daga mawaƙin Girkanci Archias da kuma daga mawallafin Girkanci Apollonius Cicero ya yi amfani da iliminsa na Hellenanci don fassara yawancin ka'idodin falsafar Girkanci zuwa Latin, don haka ya fassara ayyukan falsafar Girkanci don yawan masu sauraro. Karatunsa ne ya ɗaure shi da manyan sarakunan Romawa. Sha'awar Cicero ga falsafar ta kasance mai girma a cikin aikinsa na baya kuma ta kai shi samar da cikakken bayani game da falsafar Girkanci ga masu sauraron Romawa, gami da ƙirƙirar ƙamus na falsafa a cikin Latin. A cikin 87 BC, Philo na Larissa, shugaban Kwalejin Platonic da Plato ya kafa a Athens kimanin shekaru 300 da suka wuce, ya isa Roma. Cicero, "wanda aka yi masa wahayi ta wani babban kishi na falsafa", ya zauna da sha'awa a ƙafafunsa kuma ya rungumi falsafar Skeptic na Carneades. Cicero ya ce game da Tattaunawar Plato, cewa idan Zeus zai yi magana, zai yi amfani da harshensu. A lokacin da ya dace, zai karrama su da nasa tattaunawa mai gamsarwa A cewar Plutarch, Cicero ɗalibi ne mai hazaka, wanda karatunsa ya ja hankalin jama'a daga ko'ina cikin Roma, ya ba shi damar yin nazarin dokar Roman a ƙarƙashin Quintus Mucius Scaevola Abokan karatun Cicero sune Gaius Marius Minor, Servius Sulpicius Rufus (wanda ya zama sanannen lauya, daya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan waɗanda Cicero ya ɗauka ya fi kansa a cikin shari'a), da Titus Pomponius Na biyun sun zama abokan Cicero na rayuwa, kuma Pomponius (wanda daga baya ya karɓi lakabin "Atticus", kuma 'yar'uwarsa ta auri ɗan'uwan Cicero) zai zama, a cikin kalmomin Cicero, "a matsayin ɗan'uwa na biyu", tare da duka biyun suna riƙe da wasiƙar rayuwa. A cikin 79 BC, Cicero ya tafi Girka, Asiya Ƙarama da Rhodes Wataƙila wannan ya kasance don guje wa yuwuwar fushin Sulla, kamar yadda Plutarch ya yi iƙirari, ko da yake Cicero da kansa ya ce shi ne don inganta ƙwarewarsa da inganta lafiyar jikinsa. A Athens ya yi karatun falsafa tare da Antiochus na Ascalon, 'Tsohuwar Ilimi' kuma wanda ya ƙaddamar da Platonism ta Tsakiya A Asiya Ƙarama, ya sadu da manyan masu magana na yankin kuma ya ci gaba da karatu da su. Cicero ya yi tafiya zuwa Rhodes don saduwa da tsohon malaminsa, Apollonius Molon, wanda ya koya masa a Roma. Molon ya taimaka wa Cicero ya inganta salon sa, tare da horar da jikinsa da huhu don buƙatun magana da jama'a. Ƙirƙirar hanya ta tsakiya tsakanin fafatawa da salon Attic da Asiya, Cicero a ƙarshe zai zama na biyu kawai ga Demosthenes a cikin masu magana da tarihi.

25466

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohta

Ohta

Ohta, Ōta, ko Ota na iya nufin masu zuwa to: Mutane Ota (wife of Arnulf of Carinthia), Queen of the East Franks 888-899, Empress of the Holy Roman Empire 896-899 Ota (cartoonist), Brazilian cartoonist Atsuya Ota, Japanese basketball player Fusae Ohta, Japanese politician Herb Ohta, Hawaiian ukulele player Hikari Ōta, manzai comedian Hiromi Ōta, Japanese female singer who was considered an idol in Japan during the 1970s Keibun Ōta, Japanese painter and illustrator Japanese-Mexican sculptor Michihiko Ohta, Japanese singer, composer and arranger Minoru Ōta (1891–1945), Japanese admiral in World War II Japanese cross-country skier Mizuho Ōta (1876–1955), poet and scholar Nanami Ohta, Japanese actress Japanese rower Princess Ōta (7th century AD), the eldest daughter of emperor Tenji Ryu Ota (1930–2009), Japanese New Left activist, author, and ecologist Japanese cyclist Shinichiro Ohta, Japanese voice actor and television announcer known for the Iron Chef series Japanese footballer Japanese footballer Ōta Sukemoto (1799–1867), daimyō of Edo period Japanese sport wrestler Tetsuharu Ōta, Japanese voice actor Japanese triple jumper Tomoko Ohta, Japanese molecular evolution scientist Toshio Ōta (1919–1942), Japanese fighter pilot Toshi Seeger (1922–2013), née Toshi Aline Ohta Yukina Ota, Japanese figure skater Yuki Ota, Olympic fencer Geography Japan Ōta, Tokyo a Special Ward of the Japanese capital city Ōta, Gunma a city northwest of Tokyo in the Gunma prefecture Ōta River the major river in the Hiroshima prefecture Sauran wurare Kogin Okhta (Neva basin), kogi a Rasha Ota (Alenquer), birni ne da Ikklesiya a cikin gundumar Alenquer, kusa da Lisbon, Portugal Ota, Corse-du-Sud, gundumar kudancin Corsica, Faransa Ota, Ogun, birni ne a Jihar Ogun, Najeriya Filin jirgin saman Ota, Portugal Kamfanoni Ohta Jidosha, ɗayan manyan kamfanonin kera motoci na Japan a cikin 1930s Ohta Publishing, kamfanin buga littattafan Japan OHTA, acronym for Organ Historical Trust of Australia Halayen almara Akihiko Ohta, mai kantin kayan miya a cikin jerin manga na Muteki Kanban Musume Isao Ohta, matukin jirgi na 'yan sanda a cikin anime na Patlabor da ikon mallakar manga Sauran amfani 5868 Ohta, babban asteroid Amplifier transconductance aiki, OpAmp kamar naúrar da ke canza ƙarfin shigarwar zuwa halin fitarwa Duba kuma Okhta (disambiguation) OTA (disambiguation) Otta (rashin

14693

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karuwanci%20a%20Ghana

Karuwanci a Ghana

Yin karuwanci a cikin Ghana haramtacce ne amma ya zama gama gari, ta yadda yawancin 'yan Ghana ba su san cewa an hana shi ba. Akwai yawon shakatawa na jima'i, karuwancin yara da fataucin mutane.. Yawan rashin aikin yi da talauci a Ghana ana tsammanin sune suka haifar da haɓaka cikin masana'antar jima'i.rk. A high percentage of sex workers are vulnerable to HIV. Rashin aikin yi shine dalilin da yasa matasa ke aikin jima'i. Yawancin masu yin jima'i suna da saukin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau. Wasu karuwai a Ghana suna kamfen don a halatta cinikin karuwanci, kuma an tattauna. Tsohon Firayim Minista na Ghana, Dokta Kofi Abrefa Busia, masanin kimiyyar zamantakewar jama'a na Oxford, ya rubuta labarin kan karuwanci "Rahoton bincike kan zamantakewar jama'a na Sekondi-Takoradi." Dubawa An san karuwai a Ghana a cikin gida kamar "ashawo", "toutou" (wanda aka samo daga 'shillings biyu, pence biyu'; karuwar da ba ta da lada mai yawa) ko "maame-i-dey". Akwai gidajen karuwai a yawancin garuruwa, birane da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ghana. Sau da yawa waɗannan suna cikin ɗakunan ajiya na wucin gadi ko tsofaffin ɗakunan ajiya, wasu kuma suna haɗe da sanduna. An san karuwai da ba sa aiki a gidajen karuwai ko ''mazauna'' ko ''masu yawo''. Mazaunan suna aiki daga gida, suna zaune a ƙofar kuma suna kiran abokan ciniki. Idan suna tare da abokin ciniki sai su rage labule a ƙofar. Kujeru gabaɗaya suna aiki a wani yanki na gari, suna ƙirƙirar ƙaramar gundumar haske. Gabaɗaya sun kasance tsoffin mata ko zawarawa. Masu yawo sun zama mata matasa kuma suna aiki akan tituna, sanduna da otal-otal. "Matukan jirgi", galibi direbobin tasi, suna aiki a matsayin masu shiga tsakani tsakanin mata da kwastomomi a otal-otal. Yawancin lokaci suna samun kuɗi daga ɓangarorin biyu. Suna kuma taimaka wa mata su shiga otal-otal saboda yawancinsu babu matan da ke mulki. Hakanan ma'aikatan otal ɗin na iya karɓar rashawa don barin matan su shiga. Matan suna fuskantar tashin hankali lokaci-lokaci daga kwastomomin, ko yawanci ƙi biya. Ma'aikatan otal na iya yin amfani da su. Tun da aka fara aikin hakar mai a shekarar 2011, karuwanci a tashar jirgin ruwa ta Takoradi ya karu sosai saboda shigowar ma'aikatan mai. UNAIDS ta kiyasta akwai karuwai 52,000 a cikin kasar. Karuwancin namiji Yawaitar yawan karuwanci a cikin Ghana ya tashi a hankali tsawon shekaru amma ba a faɗi abubuwa da yawa game da shi ba saboda yanayin da yake ɗauka. Yin karuwanci ya fi yawa a cikin yankuna masu zuwa kamar su Tesano, Adabraka, Osu, Accra da Paloma a Accra. Karuwai maza suna yin asirin a matsayin mata saboda luwadi ba laifi bane a Ghana kamar yadda tsarin mulki ya tanada. Ayyukan waɗannan karuwai galibi maza ne ke tallata su a cikin manyan aji waɗanda ke da isassun kayan aiki don yin hankali game da ayyukan jima'i. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarin haɓaka mai dacewa cikin farashin yin luwadi da 'yan luwaɗi idan aka ba da wadataccen wadatar waɗannan karuwai. Aiwatarwan Doka Aiwatarwan doka tana da sauyi, kuma akwai wasu lokuta da ake takaita karuwai. Jami’an tsaro suna cin zarafin karuwai. A cikin binciken da aka yi a duk gari da birane 26, sulusin karuwai sun ba da labarin matsalolin 'yan sanda. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tsoratarwa, kwace, barazanar da hare-hare. Da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa dole ne su yi lalata da jami'an don kauce wa hukunci. A cikin binciken da aka gudanar a 2007 na jami'an tsaro 251, 15% sun yarda cewa sun nemi yin jima'i saboda rashin gurfanar da karuwai da aka kama. 'Yan sanda da' yan siyasa wani lokacin ana ba su cin hanci ko sanya baki don rufe ido. Yawon shakatawa na Jima'i Ghana ta kafa kanta a matsayin matattarar yawon shakatawa ta jima'i daga yawon bude ido na yamma. Irin wannan yawon bude ido ya jawo hankulan mutane ta hanyar laulayi dokokin kasar game da kiyaye yara da kuma rashin bin doka. Karuwanci yara yana ƙaruwa matsala ce da girlsan mata ke da rauni da yara maza kaɗan. Cinikin Jima'i An sami karuwai 'yan Vietnam a Ghana a biranen Tema da Takoradi da ke gabar teku. Wani dan jaridar Ghana mai bincike Anas Aremeyaw Anas ya gano cewa an yi fataucin matan Vietnam ne zuwa Ghana da nufin karuwanci. Wata mace ‘yar Vietnam wacce ake kira Hanh ce ta dauki karuwai‘ yan Vietnam karuwai a cikin watan Yulin 2013. Kudin da kwastomominsu suka biya a Ghana ya kai dalar Amurka 100 a cikin awa daya. Karuwai sun yi aiki daga gidan karuwai a cikin gidan baƙuwar Jang Mi a Takoradi. Shekarun matan sun kasance daga 25 zuwa 35. Mata da 'yan mata daga China, Najeriya, Cote d'Ivoire da Burkina Faso suma ana fataucin su zuwa Ghana don karuwanci. Ofishin Gwamnatin Amurka na Kula da Yaki da Fataucin Mutane ya sanya Ghana a matsayin kasa ta 'Tier 2'. Duba kuma Karuwanci a Afirka Manazarta Ghana Ghanaian society

18229

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin

Sir Charles Spencer Charlie Chaplin KBE (16 Afrilu 1889 25 Disamba 1977) ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya, mai wasan barkwanci, ɗan fim, marubucin allo, edita, mawaƙi, kuma marubuci Ya kasance sananne sosai a cikin fina-finai marasa sauti (inda babu magana ko sauti). Ya yi aiki, ya jagoranci, ya rubuta, kuma ya samar da mafi yawansu. Charlie Chaplin ya kasance ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kusan shekaru 70. Ya fara aiki tun yana da shekaru 5, kuma ya yi aiki har ya kai shekaru 80. Halin da Charlie Chaplin ya fi takawa ana kiransa "The little Tramp. "Tramp" mutum ne mai kyawawan halaye, wanda yake sanye da sutura, da manyan wando, da takalmi, da gashin baki, da kuma bakar hula. Chaplin yana girma An haifi Charles Spencer Chaplin a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1889 a London, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Chaplin ya taso a mara kyau na ƙuruciya; mahaifiyarsa, Hannah Hill Chaplin, mawakiya ce, ’yar fim, kuma’ yar kidan kuru, ta kwashe tsawon rayuwarta a ciki da wajen asibitocin tabin hankali. Mahaifinsa, Charles Spencer Chaplin Sr. ya kasance mawaƙi mai nasara har ya fara sha. Bayan iyayensa sun rabu, Charlie da dan uwansa, Sidney, sun kwashe yawancin yarintarsu a gidajen marayu, inda galibi suke fama da yunwa kuma ana doke su idan ba su da kyau. Ya fara fara wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekara biyar. Ya yi aiki a zauren kiɗa a cikin 1894, yana tsaye ga mahaifiyarsa. Lokacin da Charlie ke yaro, an kwantar da shi a asibiti na makonni da yawa daga mummunan rashin lafiya. Da daddare, mahaifiyarsa za ta zauna taga taga abin da ke faruwa a waje. Muhimmin aikinsa na farko ya zo ne lokacin da ya shiga Lads na takwas. A cikin 1900, ɗan'uwansa Sydney ya taimaka masa ya sami matsayin kyanwa mai ban dariya a cikin kayan wasan Cinderella A cikin 1903 yana cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai suna "Jim: A Romance of Cockayne". Chaplin ya kasance a cikin Casey's 'Court Circus' iri-iri. Shekarar mai zuwa, ya zama sananne a cikin kamfanin Fred Karno na 'Fun Factory' kamfanin ban dariya. Yunƙurin kashe shi An shirya yunƙurin kashe Chaplin shirin da yayi sanadiyyar rasa ran Firayim Ministan Japan Inukai Tsuyoshi Ranar 15 ga Mayu 1932, Firayim Minista Inukai Tsuyoshi wasu matasa hafsoshin sojan ruwa goma sha ɗaya suka harbe Firayim Minista (akasarinsu sun cika shekara ashirin kenan) a gidan firaminista. Tsarin kisan kai na asali ya hada da kisan Chaplin wanda ya isa Japan a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1932, a wurin liyafar Chaplin, wanda Firayim Minista Inukai ya shirya. Lokacin da aka kashe Firayim Ministan, dansa Inukai Takeru yana kallon wasan kokawa na sumo da Charlie Chaplin, wanda watakila ya ceci rayukansu duka. Lambobin yabo Chaplin ya lashe Oscars biyu na musamman. An zabi Chaplin da farko a matsayin "Best Actor" da "Best Comedy Directing". Amma kuma, a maimakon haka, sai aka ba shi lambar yabo ta musamman "don iya aiki da fasaha a fagen aiki, rubutu, ba da umarni da kuma samarwa" Kyautar ta biyu ta musamman ta Chaplin ta zo ne shekaru 44 bayan haka, a cikin 1972 Lokacin samun wannan lambar yabo, Chaplin yana da tsayi mafi tsayi (mutane suna tsaye suna tafawa) a cikin tarihin Award Academy. A cikin 1976 an bashi BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, kyautar nasara ta rayuwa. Chaplin ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya fito a bangon Lokaci a shekarar 1925. Tatsuniyoyi suna cewa, Chaplin ya taɓa shiga gasar Charlie Chaplin mai kama da juna. Chaplin ya sha kashi a gasar. Fina-finai 1914: Making a Living 1916: The Floorwalker 1916: The Fireman 1916: The Vagabond 1916: One A.M. 1916: The Count 1916: The Pawnshop 1916: Behind the Screen 1916: The Rink 1917: Easy Street 1917: The Cure 1917: The Immigrant 1917: The Adventurer 1918: A Dog's Life 1918: The Bond 1918: Shoulder Arms 1919: Sunnyside 1919: A Day's Pleasure 1921: The Kid 1921: The Idle Class 1922: Pay Day 1923: The Pilgrim 1925: The Gold Rush 1928: The Circus 1931: City Lights 1936: Modern Times 1940: The Great Dictator 1947: Monsieur Verdoux 1952: Limelight 1957: A King in New York Zama Jarumi A ranar 9 Maris 1975, Sarauniya Elizabeth Ta yiwa Charlie Chaplin kyara a Ingila. Mutuwa Chaplin ya mutu a ranar Kirsimeti a ranar 25 Disamba 1977, a Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland Ya mutu sakamakon bugun jini a cikin barcinsa, yana da shekara 88. A ranar 1 ga Maris, 1978, wasu tsirarun mutanen Switzerland suka sace gawarsa. Suna ƙoƙarin neman kuɗi daga dangin Chaplin. Wannan shirin bai yi aiki ba. An kama masu laifin, kuma an gano gawar Charlie makonni 11 bayan haka a kusa da Tafkin Geneva An binne shi a ƙarƙashin kankare don hana faruwar hakan. Shafuka masu alaƙa Jerin jerin wasiƙa na Jamusanci Manazarta Sauran yanar gizo by Association Chaplin Charlie Chaplin at the TCM Movie Database Charlie Chaplin at AllMovie Ƴan fim Masu daukan

39810

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen%20Esan

Harshen Esan

Esan babban yaren Edoid ne na Najeriya. Ana kuma yin ƙamus da rubutun nahawu na yaren Esan. Akwai yaruka da yawa, da suka haɗa da Ogwa, Ẹkpoma Ebhossa, (Ewossa) Ewohimi, Ewu, Ewatto, Ebelle, Igueben, Irrua, Ohordua, Uromi, Uzea, Ubiaja da kuma Ugboha. Yaruka Jerin yarukan Esan kamar yadda Osiruemu ya rarraba su a (2010): Amfani Mutanen Uromi, Irrua da Ewu suna magana da yaren Esan kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da mutanen Uzea, duk da cewa akwai takaddun da ke nuna cewa mutanen Uromi da mutanen Uzea suna da zuriya ɗaya. Irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen harshe da harafin kalmomi sun zama ruwan dare a cikin harshen Esan. Yawancin tarurrukan Majalisar Sarakunan Esan na shekara-shekara ana gudanar da su cikin Ingilishi saboda wannan dalili. Koyaya, an kwatanta harshen Esan a matsayin mai mahimmanci na yanki. Ana koyar da shi a makarantu a ko'ina cikin Esanland, kuma rediyo da talabijin na harshen Esan sun yaɗu. Sunaye gama gari Binciken harshe ya nuna kalmar gbe don samun mafi girman adadin amfani a cikin Esan, tare da har zuwa 76 ma'anoni daban-daban a cikin ƙamus na al'ada. Sunaye da suka fara da na raɓa fanni Ọs; Ehi, Ehiz ko Ehis; da Okoh (na namiji), Okhuo (na mace) sun fi kowa a Esan: Ehizefe, Ehizọkhae, Ehizojie, Ẹhinomɛn, Ehimanre, Ehizelele, Ɛhimyen, Ehikhayimɛntor, Ehikhayimɛnle, Ehijantor, Ehicheoya, Emiator da sauransu; Magana, Magana, da sauransu; Okosun, Okojie, Okodugha, Okoemu, Okouromi,Okoukoni, Okougbo, Okoepkẹn, Okoror, Okouruwa, Oriaifo etc. Ga kowane Oko-, 'Ọm-' za a iya ƙara ƙarar sunan don isa ga sigar mace misali Ọmosun, Ọmuromi, da sauransu. Alphabet Esan yana amfani da haruffa da yawa, Romanized Esan shine mafi yawan amfani da jimlar adadin haruffa 25: a, b, d, e, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, o, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, y, z. Digraph ɗin ya ƙunshi saiti 10 na haruffa biyu: bh, gb, gh, kh, kp, kw (ba a cika amfani da shi ba), mh, nw, ny, sh. Nahawu Sunaye Duk sunayen Esan suna farawa da haruffan wasali (watau a, e, i, o, ọ, u aru, eko, ebho, itohan, oze, òrhia, uze, da sauransu. Saboda tasirin harsunan maƙwabta da harsunan yamma, musamman Turanci, akwai ɗabi'a a tsakanin Esan na furta yawancin sunaye waɗanda ba na Esan ba suna farawa da harafin baƙaƙe. Idan akwai irin wannan a cikin iyakar rubutaccen Esan, ana iya amfani da ɓata kafin harafin farko na farko don Esanize da sauƙaƙa furucin. A cikin magana duk da haka ana kiran irin wannan ridda kamar 'i' /i:/: 'bazaar,' Yunusa, 'aiki,' zoo, da sauransu. Kowane sunan Esan yana ƙarewa da ko dai cikin harafin wasali (misali ato, Ẹkpoma, uri, oya ko harafin da ke da alaƙa da wasali 'n': agbọn, eran, ën, itọn, ilin, da sauransu. Banda wannan ka'ida shine rubuta sunayen sunaye masu kyau inda sunan zai iya ƙare a harafin 'r' koyaushe bayan harafin 'ọ' don sanya shi zama kamar 'ko' a cikin Ingilishi da kuma amfani da harafin 'h' bayan harafi. 'o' don sanya shi sauti kamar 'oh' a Turanci: Isibor, Oko'ror, Okoh, Okoọboh, da dai sauransu. A cikin sunaye, bin harafin wasali na farko koyaushe shine harafin baƙo na biyu: a h oho, a v an, i l o, u d ia. Domin bayyana jinsin mata, harafin baƙaƙe na biyu mai bin harafin wasali ya ninka sau biyu: a hh ihi (=mace ant), ọ ss họ (=abokiyar mace), ọ rr hia (=mace mace), da sauransu. Wannan salon jin daɗin jinsi ya fi fahimtar masu magana da Faransanci, waɗanda yawanci sukan bambanta jinsi namiji, mace, tsaka tsaki. Banda wannan doka yana da alaƙa da wasu sunaye waɗanda suka ƙunshi haruffan wasali kawai misali 'oè' (ƙafa, jam'i 'ae'), 'oo' (uwa), 'uu' (mutuwa), da sauransu. Jama'a a cikin Esan nau'i ne guda biyu, na farkon su yana da alaƙa da sunaye waɗanda ke da nau'ikan jam'i na asali, wanda a halin yanzu ana maye gurbin harafin farko da wani harafi: ọmọ (baby), samun (babie); ọmọle (man, male), hotonle (men, males); okpea (man), ikpea (maza); okhuo (mace, mace), ikhuo (mata, mata); ọshọ, amuọe (aboki), ishọ, imuọe (abokai); obhio (dangi), ibhio (dangantaka); obhokhan (yaro), ibhokhan (yara); oghian (maƙiyi), ighian (maƙiyi); usẹnbhokhan (boy), i'inbhokhan (boys); ɔmamheen, ọmọhin (girl), imamheen, samuhin (girls); ọwanlẹn (dattijo, babba), iwanlẹn (dattijai, manya); orhia (mutum), erhia (mutane); bo (likita), ebo (likitoci); Ebo (dan Turanci), Ibo ('yan Turanci); obo (hannu), abu (hannu); oè (kafa), ae (kafa); amfani (ƙusa), ise (ƙusoshi); udo (dutse), ido (dutse) Na biyu kuma dole ne ya yi, ba tare da na sama waɗanda suke da nau'i na jam'i na asali ba, amma tare da sauran sunaye masu yawa waɗanda ba su da. A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da suffix (kamar yadda ake amfani da 's' a Turanci) ta hanyar ƙara shi zuwa sunan da ake magana a kai, amma ba tare da an canza furci ba. Misali: uwaebe (makarantar), uwaebeh (makarantu); eran (sanda), eranh (sanduna); emhin (wani abu), emhinh (wasu abubuwa) Karin magana Duk kalmomin Esan suna da nau'ikan jam'i daban-daban da na guda ɗaya, amma duka batutuwa da shari'o'in abu ba su bambanta ba (dukkan batutuwa da batutuwa iri ɗaya ne): ‘Aah’ can only be used as subject. (‘otuan’ and ‘ukpọle’ can be used in both ways: Otuan ọkpa ni ele dia; Dati ituan eva re. Ukpọle ọkpa ribhọ. Jia ikpọle ea re.) Such as ancestors ‘otuan’ (pl. ituan) ana amfani da ita ga ƴan Adam, ‘ukpọle’ (pl. ikpọle) ana amfani da ita ga halittar da ba ɗan Adam ba da Aah’ ya dogara a kan abinda ya ƙunsa. Umarnin hukunci Amfani da Esan yana buɗewa zuwa umarni ko tsari guda uku: (subject–verb–object (SVO), object–subject–verb (OSV), da object–verb–subject (OVS)) don bayyana kansu Okoh 'h gbi ele SVO). Okoh imen ddaghe (OSV). Ena ye imin (OVS). SVO ya fi kowa kuma mafi yawan aiki. An taƙaita amfani da OVS zuwa ƙayyadadden adadin gine-gine na nahawu. Kalmomi Duk kalmomin Esan suna farawa da haruffan baƙaƙe kuma suna ƙarewa cikin ko dai harafin wasali ko harafin da ke da alaƙa da wasalin 'n': bi, d'e, fan, hɛn, lolo, da sauransu. A cikin bayyana abin da ya gabata, ninka harafin farko na fi'ili yana faruwa kamar yadda 'bi' ya canza zuwa 'bbi' kuma 'hn' ya zama 'hhen'. Har ila yau, fi'ili na iya farawa da diphthong: khian, gbe, bhanbhan. Samuwar abin da ya gabata a wannan yanayin bai bambanta ba: kkhian, ggbe, da dai sauransu. Wasu yare na Esan kamar su Uzea suna amfani da 'ah' (ko 'h) don nuna halin yanzu (kamar a cikin "Zai koma gida." Ko da yake wannan ba ya nan a yawancin yarukan Esan, ana amfani da shi kuma a sanya shi a gaban babban fi'ili lokacin rubuta: Ele 'h khooa Suna wanka. Alamomi Siffar Esan, kamar yadda sifa ta Ingilishi ke yi, tana canza suna ko karin magana. Wato yana ba da ƙarin bayani game da suna ko karin magana da kuma sanya ma'anarsa keɓancewa. Yana iya bayyana kafin ko bayan suna. Bambanci kawai tsakanin Esan da kalmomin Ingilishi shine kamar Jafananci, wasu sifofin Esan suna kama da fi'ili a cikin abin da suke nunawa don nuna lokaci: Ele mhenmhin. Suna da kyau. Ele mmhenmhin. Sun kasance masu kyau. Ninki biyu na farkon harafin sifa 'mhhenmhin (mai kyau)' kamar fi'ili, yana nuna wannan batu a fili. Siffofin Esan suna da nau'ikan Esan ne daban-daban: 'kalmar sifa' da 'siffar siffa' phrasal'. Kalmar sifa. Siffar kalma sifa ce da ta ƙunshi kalma ɗaya: esi, khọlọ, hu, jian, da sauransu. Wannan nau'i na sifa ya kasu kashi biyar: pre-noun adjective, post-noun adjective, numeral adjective, nounal adjective, da ƙuntataccen sifa. Siffar suna kafin sunan suna bayyana ne kawai kafin sunan da yake gyaggyarawa, yana ba da bayani game da girman sunan da/ko yawanta, kuma suna farawa da harafin wasali: ukpomin, ekitui, udede, ikwkwwi, da sauransu. Waɗannan sifofin ba su ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar tenses kuma ba sa ɗaukar ma'anar 'mhin'. Bayanin bayan suna yana zuwa nan da nan bayan sunan da yake canzawa: khọlọ, khoriọn, fuọ, ba, to, han, lẹnlẹn, bhihi, hu, khisin, khere, re(le) (far), re (zurfi), re girma), sake (hallartar da kyau), bue, tan, da sauransu. Waɗannan sifofin suna ƙarƙashin ka'idar lokaci don amfani da su don yin la'akari da lokaci (misali "Okoh ku kkhhorion." "Okoh mummuna ce." Sai dai sifa 'khoriọn', duk sauran ana iya amfani da su tare da karimin 'mhin', kuma ('ebe' da 'esi' waɗanda kuma ake kiran su da suna adjectives) duk suna farawa da haruffan baƙaƙe. Siffar lamba ita ce wacce za a iya amfani da ita don amsa irin wannan tambaya kamar “nawa?”: òkpa, eva, ea, igbe, da sauransu. Domin su ma sunaye ne, duk suna farawa da haruffan wasali. Ba sa bin ƙa'idar tenses kuma ba za a iya amfani da su tare da kari 'mhin' ba. Siffar suna ko suna shine wanda ke zuwa gaban suna kuma ana iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi ya zama suna a cikin amfani: esi, ebe. Ba za a iya amfani da shi tare da 'mhin' ba kuma ba sa bin doka mai tsanani. Ƙuntataccen sifa ita ce wadda kawai za a iya amfani da ita da takamaiman suna misali 'bhibhi' a cikin 'ewew bhibhi' (washe gari). Wasu sifofin da za a iya sanya su a ƙarƙashin kalmar sifa su ne sifofin da suka samo asali daga ninka kalmar sifa: fanon-fanon (unkempt; untidy), rughu-rugu ko ragha-ragha (rashin tsari), sankan-sankan (laka da m). yagha-yagha (rashin lafiya), kpadi-kpadi (m ko ma), ose-ose (kyakkyawa). Hakanan ana iya amfani da wannan tsarin kamar haka: fanon/2, yagha/2, kpadi/2, sankan/2, ose/2, da sauransu. Siffar phrasal. Siffar jimla ita ce wacce ta ƙunshi kalma fiye da ɗaya; an yi shi da magana. Sau da yawa fiye da haka, jimlar sifa takan ƙunshi ko dai suna fi'ili ko sifa+preposition+noun wanda ke haɗuwa don aiwatar da aikin sifa. Wasu misalan gama-gari su ne: rui elo (makafi), yi ehọ (kurma, mai tawaye), di ọmalẹn (tsohuwa, tsofaffi), di iton a (mutuwa), bhon ose (kyakkyawa), fi ahiẹ a (serene), fua amɛn haske-complexioned), ba bhi egbe (mai zafi), mhen bhi egbe (jiki-friendly), mhen bhi unu (mai dadi), mhen bhi elo (kyakkyawa ko ba m ga gani), mhen bhi ihue (ba m ga hanci), mhen bhi ehọ (ba mai cutar da kunne ba), khọ bhi unu (marasa jin daɗi; m), khọ bhi egbe (mara iya jurewa), da sauransu. A ƙasa akwai wasu sifofin Esan da ma'anarsu (da waɗanda za a iya amfani da su tare da suffix 'mhin' an nuna su. Ƙaddamar da kari na 'mhin' zuwa kalma yana juya shi daga sifa zuwa suna kamar yadda ma'anar 'ness' a Turanci ke yi. Ukpomin (kadan), ekitui (da yawa; da yawa), udede (babban), ikwkwwi (kanin; maras muhimmanci), khisin-mhin (kanana; diminutive), khere-mhin (kanana; kadan), hu-mhin (babban; kumfa). khuẹlẹ-mhin (slim), re-mhin (na nisa; zurfi; halarta sosai; girma), dia-mhin (daidai; dace), bhala-mhin (haske-haske), bhia-mhin (babba, fili), rieriẹ-mhin (smooth), rẹrẹ-mhin (restless), kpoloa (smooth), gọ-mhin (crooked) kpono-mhin (slippery), kwon (slippery; slimy), to-mhin (irritating), kpọ-mhin (ya yadu), khia-mhin (mai tsarki, adali), fu-mhin (mai zaman lafiya), bhiẹlẹ-mhin (lazy), fa-mhin (datti, mai tsabta), l-mhin (karanci), tua-mhin (mai sauri). zaza-mhin (mai gwaninta), sun-mhin (slimy), kholo (spherical), hian-mhin (mai tasiri; giya), nwun-mhin ko mun-mhin (kaifi; barasa), khọlọ-mhin (mummuna; mai raɗaɗi). sẹ-ẹ (talakawa), nọghọ-mhin (mawuyaci), kpataki (ainihin), lo-mhin (marasa tsada; zurfi), khua-mhin (nauyi; zafi), finɔ-mhin (itching), luẹn (ripe), khekhea (mai tsami), riala-mhin (daci), fua-mhin (fari), bhihi-mhin baki; duhu-rikici), kkenkẹn-mhin (multicoloured), konkọn (fat), kaka-mhin (hard; serious), toto-mhin (mai tsanani; taut), ghan-mhin (mai tsada), ghantoa (costly), wualan-mhin (hikima), sõno-mhin (m), lẽkhá-mhin (laushi), khere-khere (laka), gban-a (fadi), tan-mhin (tsawo; m), guẹguẹ (ingratiating), mhen-mhin mai kyau), lẹnlẹn-mhin (mai dadi), zeze-mhin (ƙarfi), wo-mhin (mai ƙarfi; balagagge), bie (dafasa ko aikata), fe-mhin (mai arziki); fanon-fanon (unkempt; mara kyau), rughu-rugu ko ragha-ragha (raguwa), sankan-sankan (laka da rough), yagha-yagha (untidy); rui elo (makafi), yi ehọ (kurma, tawaye), di ƙasan (tsohuwa, tsohuwa), di iton a (makawu), bhon ose (kyakkyawa), fi ahiẹ a (serene), fua amen (haske-haske), ba bhi egbe (mai zafi), mhen bhi egbe (abota jiki), mhen bhi unu (mai dadi), mhen bhi elo (kyakkyawa ko rashin jin dadi ga gani), mhen bhi ihue (ba mai cutar da hanci), mhen bhi ehọ ba mai cutar da kunne ba), khọ bhi unu (marasa jin daɗi; m), khọ bhi egbe (mara iya jurewa), da sauransu. Masu tantancewa 'ọni' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'da' (kamar yadda mufuradi) a Turanci: ọni emhin abu 'eni' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'the' (kamar jam'i) a Turanci: eni emhinh abubuwan 'ni' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'that' a Turanci: emhin ni ko oni emhin ni 'na' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'wannan' a Turanci: emhin na or òni emhin na A cikin jimlolin da ke ƙasa, masu tantancewa suna cikin baƙar fata: ‘ukpi’ (pl. ‘ikpi’) in Esan is equivalent to the indefinite article ‘a’/‘an’ in English: ukpi ẹmhin abu ikpi emhinh abubuwa 'ọsoso' (pl. 'esoso') a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'kowa' a Turanci: emhin soso kowane abu emhinh esoso wani abu 'eso' /ayso/ a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'wasu' a Turanci: emhinh eso wasu abubuwa 'ikpeta' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'kaɗan' a Turanci: ikpeta emhinh abubuwa kadan 'nekirɛla' a cikin Esan yayi daidai da 'kowa'/'kowane' a Turanci: emhin nekirɛla komai 'erebhe' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'duk' a cikin Ingilishi: emhin erebhe komai 'eveva' a cikin Esan yayi daidai da 'duka' a cikin Ingilishi: Emhinh eveva abubuwa biyu 'ekitui' a cikin Esan yana daidai da 'da yawa' a cikin Ingilishi: ekitui emhinh abubuwa da yawa Nassoshi Harsunan Nijeriya Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike%20Campbell

Nike Campbell

Nike Campbell (an Haife ta 6 Maris 1976) marubuciya ce, ƙwararriyar maigudanarwar kuɗi, mai gabatarwa kuma mai bayar da agaji da aka haifa a Ukraine kuma tushenta a Florida, a cikin kasar Amurka. Articles with hCards Farkon Rayuwa da ilimi Campbell itace yarinya na biyu a cikin iyali mai yara hudu. Ko da yake an haife ta a Lviv, Ukraine, iyayenta yan Najeriya ne kuma ta shafe yawancin shekarunta na girma a Najeriya tare da kakaninta na uwa. Campbell ta yi karatun sakandare a Queen's College da ke Legas, bayan ta fara karatun jami'a a Jami'ar Legas. Sai dai ta koma Amurka don kammala karatunta na jami'a, inda ta samu digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Howard. Digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington DC, inda ta karanta ci gaban kasa da kasa. Sana'a Nike Campbell tana da gogewa wajen yin aiki a ɓangaren ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa kuma a matsayin mai kula da kasafin kuɗi da darektan kuɗi kasar ta Amurka. Marubuciya ce da littattafai guda uku da aka buga, gami da ayyukan almara biyu na tarihi. Girma tare da kakaninta ya rinjayi sha'awarta ga almara na tarihi. Labarin tarihinta na farko, Zaren Zinariya, an buga shine a cikin 2012 ta Mawallafin Magi uku. Ya ba da labarin Amelia, 'yar sarkin ƙarshe na garin Gbehazin, da kuma matsalolin da ta fuskanta na tserewa daga Dahomey a lokacin da yakin Faransa-Dahomey Sarki Gbehazin shine sarkin Dahomey mai zaman kansa na ƙarshe. A cewar ita Campbell din, halin Amelia ya samo asali ne daga rayuwar ainahin kakarta ta uwa. Aiki na biyu na Campbell, Bury Me Come Sunday Afternoon, tarin gajerun labarai ne da aka buga a cikin 2016 ta Bugawar Quramo. Jigoginsa sun yanke game da kwarewar baƙi, lafiyar hankali, addini, tashin hankalin gida da ƙari. Littafinta na uku labari ne na tarihi mai suna Saro. An buga Saro a cikin 2022 ta Labarin Landscape Press. Ya ba da labarin wani sarkin Egba, Şiwoolu, wanda aka kama shi da matarsa, Dotunu, aka kai su Saliyo kafin su sami hanyarsu ta komawa Abeokuta. Ruhaniya, cinikin bayi da ke ƙetare tekun Atlantika, ƙauna, cin amana, da alaƙar iyali wasu jigogi ne da aka bincika a cikin littafin. Daidaitawa Uku daga cikin labarun Campbell an daidaita su azaman wasan kwaikwayo da gajerun fina-finai. A cikin 2014, Thread of Gold Beads an yi shi azaman wasan wasan kwaikwayo ta Gidan Wasan Jama'a don Yin Arts a Cheverly, Amurka. Biyu daga cikin labarun Bury Me Come Lahadi Bayan La'asar: Apartment 24 da Rasa Addinina, an daidaita su azaman gajerun fina-finai a cikin 2018 da 2019 bi da bi. Losing my Religion is adapted in 2018. Damilola Orimogunje (wanda aka sani da Maria Ebun Pataki) ne ya ba da umarni kuma ya ƙunshi taurarin Nollywood kamar Toyin Oshinaike, Omowunmi Dada, Fred Idehen, Ihiechineke Anthony da Brutus Richard. A cikin 2019, Campbell's Apartment 24 an yi shi a matsayin ɗan gajeren fim. John Uche ne ya ba da umarni kuma taurari Olawale Ajao, Kiki Andersen, Dumebi Egbufor da Kike Ayodeji. Tallafawa Nike Campbell ta yi imani da karya tatsuniyoyi game da 'yan Afirka kuma a kan haka ta kafa kungiya mai zaman kanta, Hanyoyi zuwa Girma. Hanyoyinmu zuwa Girma suna murna da 'yan Afirka a duk faɗin nahiyar a matsayin wata hanya ta zaburar da wasu da canza mummunan labari mai alaƙa da 'yan Afirka. Kyaututtuka/ganewa Campbell ya kasance dan wasan karshe na lambar yabo ta Red Hen Press Award na 2018 don almara. Littafi Mai Tsarki 2012 Zaren Zinare Beads 2016 Binne Ni Ku zo Lahadi La'asar 2022-Saro Manazarta Rayayyun

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmar%20Big

Kalmar Big

Big ko BIG iya koma zuwa: Babba,mai girman Jiki ko digiri. BIG na nufin jiki mai girma Fim da talabijin <i id="mwDw">Babban</i> (fim), fim ne mai ban sha'awa na, shekara ta 1988 mai cike da fim mai ban dariya Tom Hanks Babba!, Gidan Talabijin na Channel Discovery <i id="mwFQ">Babban</i> (jerin TV), jerin shirye shiryen TV na Koriya ta Kudu na shekara ta 2012 Banana Island Ghost, fim mai ban sha'awa na fim din 2017 Waƙa Babba: mai kiɗa, kida na 1996 bisa fim ɗin Babban Rikodi, lakabin rikodin <i id="mwIg">Babban</i> (kundin faifai), kundin waƙoƙin 2007 na Macy Gray "Babba" (Rasuwa Harafin Harafin waƙa) "Babba" (Sneaky Sound System song) "Babban", waƙar 1990 ta New Fast Atomatik Daffodils Wurare Filin Jirgin Saman Allen (lambar IATA), Alaska, US BIG, fitilu mai saurin tashi a Filin jirgin saman London Biggin Hill Big River (disambiguation), koguna daban-daban (da sauran abubuwa) Big Island (rarrabawa), tsibirai daban-daban (da sauran abubuwa) Kungiyoyi Badan Informasi Geospasial, hukumar taswirar ƙasa ta Indonesia Cibiyar Nazarin Genomics ta Beijing, wata kwalejin kasar Sin don binciken kwayoyin halitta Babban Babban Taro, taron wasannin kwaleji na Amurka wanda ke amfani da kalma ɗaya "B1G" (adadi "1" wanda ke maye gurbin harafin "I") a cikin tambarin su Bjarke Ingels Group, wani kamfanin gine-ginen Denmark Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft, wani kamfani ne na gwamnatin Austrian Brandweerinformatiecentrum voor gevaarlijke stoffen, cibiyar bayanai ta Belgium don kayayyaki masu haɗari Internationalungiyar Breastungiyar Breastasa ta Duniya, don bincike kansar nono Jaruman almara Big the Cat, a cikin Sonic da bushiya game duniya Babban, malamin addinin Buddha a cikin finafinan 2003 Gudun kan Karma Babban, a cikin jerin litattafan wasan kwaikwayo na The Perhapanauts Sauran amfani Yaren Kunimaipa (lambar ISO 639-3: babba), na Papua New Guinea Tallafin kuɗi na asali BIG Namibia, aikin gwaji na ba da tallafin kudin shiga a Omitara, Namibia big big wani ɓangaren HTML Operation Big, ƙungiyar ƙawancen ƙawancen da aka sanya don samo asirin nukiliyar Jamusawa yayin kwanakin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Duniya na II Babban (ɗan wasan bidiyo), ɗan wasan Amurka Terry Chuong BIG, nau'ikan gine-ginen Drive wadanda ba RAID ba da ake amfani dasu wajen hada diski dayawa don bayyana azaman babban faifai Kasuwanci wasa ne, wani nau'in wasanni ne na yaƙin kasuwanci Duba kuma Babban sanannen BABBAN (1972–1997), mawakin rap na Amurka Mista Big (rarrabawa) Babban Nuni (disambiguation) All pages with titles containing Babba ko Manya All pages with titles beginning with BIG All pages with titles beginning with taken suna farawa da BiG All pages with titles beginning with

42444

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Andam

Kenneth Andam

Kenneth Ekow Andam (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu 1976) ɗan wasan tseren Ghana ne mai ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a tseren mita 4×100 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000 a Sydney, Ostiraliya. Andam Ba-Amurke ne a fagen track and field yayin da yake fafatawa a Jami'ar Brigham Young. Personal An haifi Kenneth Ekow Andam a ranar 8 ga watan Janairu 1976. ɗan Takoradi, Ghana. Iyayensa su ne Kenneth da Janet Andam, kuma an ruwaito alaƙar addininsa a matsayin Mormonism. Wasan motsa jiki Junior athlete A cikin shekarar 1995, Andam ya lashe gasar tsalle-tsalle sau uku a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta Afirka a Bouaké, Ivory Coast (mita 15.63) da gasar zakarun Afirka ta Yamma a Long Jump a Banjul, Gambia. Ya kuma kafa tarihin tsalle- tsalle a tsakanin yankuna uku na mita 16.02 a WA, wani gari ne dake arewacin Ghana a lokacin gasar da aka yi tsakanin yankuna a shekarar 1995 kuma an ba shi kyautar namijin da ya fi kowanne dan wasa a gasar a waccan shekarar. Aikin koleji Andam ya halarci Jami'ar Brigham Young inda ya yi fafatawa a gasar tsere da filin wasan Cougars a tseren mita 100, mita 200, tseren mita 4×100, da tsalle mai tsayi. Tun daga 2012, yana riƙe da manyan maki goma don BYU a kowane taron, gami da rikodin makaranta a cikin 4×100 relay da aka saita a cikin 1999 tare da ɗan wasan Ghana Leonard Myles-Mills (38.88 seconds). Andam yana matsayi na uku a jerin mafi kyawun lokaci na BYU bayan Frank Frederick da Myles-Mills, kuma na uku a bayan Frederick da Oluyemi Kayode. An ba da izini ga Andam sune lambobin yabo na Yammaci (WAC), gami da sabon ɗan shekara biyu na ciki da waje, Kyautar Taron Dutsen Yamma (MWC) da rikodin track and field da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa (NCAA) Duk Darajojin Amurka. Tun daga 2011, yana riƙe da rikodin taron Mountain West na kowane lokaci a cikin mita 60 da mita 200 na cikin gida, da na waje na mita 100 da mita 200. A cikin 1999, Andam ya kasance na 11 a cikin al'umma a cikin mita 100 da na 7 a cikin mita 200 kuma shine zakaran WAC a cikin tsalle mai tsayi da kuma 4 X 100 relay. A cikin dogon tsallen, ya ji rauni a lokacin da ya sauka kuma ya kasa yin takara a gasar tseren mita 60 da 20. A 1999 NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship a Boise, Idaho, ya ci gaba tare da Myles-Mills zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na 200 mita da kuma 4 X 100 relay tawagar, matsayi na 1 a cikin al'umma, wanda ya cancanci zuwa wasan karshe. tare da mafi sauri Semi-final lokacin. Andam ya ji rauni kafin wasan karshe, kuma a karshe kungiyar ta BYU ta zo na uku a kasar. Andam ya ji rauni tare da karaya a cikin watan Janairu 2000, amma ya murmure don buga wasan kwaikwayo wanda sau biyu ya ba shi lakabin Wasan Waje na Mako na Dutsen West Conference Men's Outdoor Track and Field Athleth of the Week. A waccan kakar, shi ne zakaran MWC a cikin mita 100 da 200, kuma ya cancanta a cikin mita 100 da 4 X 100 don Gasar Waje da Filayen Maza na 2000 NCAA a Durham, North Carolina. A gasar gasar Mountain West na 2001, Andam ya sami lambar yabo ta Mazaje Mai Girma. Kafin 2001 NCAA Track and Field Championship a Eugene Oregon, Andam ya kasance a matsayi na 8 a cikin al'umma don mita 100. A wasan karshe, ya buga lokacin 10.39 don kammala a 7th. Gasar kasa da kasa A cikin shekarar 1999, Andam ya wakilci Ghana a tseren mita 200 a gasar cin kofin duniya na 1999 a Seville, Spain. Ya kare a matsayi na shida a cikin zafinsa na farko (21.31 seconds) kuma ya kasa tsallakewa zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe. A shekara ta 2000 a gasar cin kofin Afrika a Algiers, Andam ya sami lambar tagulla a cikin mita 100 (dakika 10.33) da kuma lambar zinare a tawagar 'yan gudun hijirar Ghana na 4×100 (39.90 seconds). A gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000 a Sydney, ya wakilci Ghana a cikin 4 X 100; duk da haka, tawagarsa ta kasa gamawa a zafafan wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar. Andam kuma ya fafata a tseren mita 100 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2001 a Edmonton, Canada. A cikin zafinsa na farko, ya zo na uku a 10.40 don samun tikitin zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe. A wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe, Andam da kyar bai samu tikitin shiga gasar ba inda ya kare a matsayi na hudu da maki 10.26. Other ventures Andam yana da littattafai guda uku da AuthorHouse ya buga mai suna Scarlet Minor Chronicles wanda jerin littattafai ne guda biyar tare da littattafai biyu na ƙarshe da har yanzu ke kan ci gaba. Andam ya kafa WorldVuer Inc., kamfanin sadarwa na kafofin watsa labaru wanda ya ƙera fasahohin mallakar mallaka don sadarwa mai zurfi da bayanai. Andam kuma ya kafa Globa, Inc. tare da Johan Meyer don samar da banki ta wayar hannu da aikawa da wayar hannu ga 'yan Afirka a fadin nahiyar da danginsu da ke zaune a kasashen waje. Andam kuma ya kafa Payodd, mai sarrafa ƴan kasuwa da dandamalin ma'amala ta wayar hannu ga masu siye da kasuwanci a duk duniya, don samar da sassauci wajen sarrafa biyan kuɗi wanda 'yan kasuwa ke buƙata don rage farashin saye da samar da kudaden shiga ga kasuwancin su. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa OS Petro, Inc., wanda kamfanin mai da iskar gas ne mai rangwame da tanadi a Ghana da Namibiya. Andam kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban SIDE EQUITY, kamfani da ke ba da gudummawar ayyukan fasaha, albarkatun kasa, da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su. Andam ya kafa Sleek Media Group. Andam kuma shi ne ya kafa kamfanin Beverly Air LTD, kamfanin raya gidaje da ke mayar da hankali kan ayyukan ci gaban al’umma a Ghana da ma nahiyar Afirka baki daya. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairu, 2018, Andam ya amsa laifinsa a Kotun Lardi ta Hudu ta Utah zuwa ga Zamba dangane da saka hannun jari a Globa, Inc. Ya kasa gurfana a kan hukuncin da aka shirya yi masa, wanda hakan ya sa aka bayar da sammacin kama shi a duk fadin jihar bayan an ki amincewa da bukatar lauyan nasa na ci gaba da yanke hukuncin a ranar 4/3/2018. Lauyan Andam ya shigar da kara na janye karar da aka yi masa. An sanya ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2018 za a ci gaba da sauraron karar. Andam a halin yanzu yana gudun hijira daga doka, yayin da ya amsa laifin zamba a cikin shari'ar aikata laifuka (Jihar Utah v. Kenneth Ekow Andam, Case No.151401901, Kotun Lardi ta Hudu, gundumar Utah, Jihar Utah), amma ya kasa bayyana saboda hukuncin da aka yanke masa ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2018. rikodin wasanni Outdoor Indoor Manazarta Rayayyun mutane Haihuwan 1976 Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

21328

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinedum%20Peace%20Babalola

Chinedum Peace Babalola

Chinedum Aminci Babalola (nee Anyabuike) ne a Nijeriya, Farfesa na Pharmaceutical sunadarai da Pharmacokinetics. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama farfesa a fannin ilimin magunguna a jami’ar Ibadan, FAS da FAAS kuma mace ta biyu ‘yar Najeriya FAAS. Ita ce Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jami'ar Chrisland, Nijeriya. Bayan Fage Ilimi Chinedum ta sami digiri na farko a kantin magani (BEnglish.Pharm.) A shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da Uku 1983A.c, Master of Science a Pharmaceutical Chemistry a shekarar 1987 da kuma Doctor of Philosophy a Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Pharmacokinetics option) a shekarar 1997 daga Jami'ar Ife, yanzu Obafemi Awolowo University. Ta lashe kyautar Bankin Duniya/NUC don horon ma’aikata kuma ta kammala karatunta na digirgir a jami’ar British Columbia tsakanin shekarar 1994 da shekara ta 1995. A shekarar 2012, Chinedum ta sami difloma a fannin ilimin hada magunguna na zamani (IPAT) wanda hadin gwiwar Makarantar Kimiyya ta Kilimanjaro, Tanzania da Jami'ar Purdue, Amurka. Ta sami Doctor na Pharmacy (PharmD) daga Jami'ar Benin, Nijeriya a cikin shekara ta 2019. Ayyuka Babalola ta fara karatun ta na ilimi a matsayinta na Junior Trainee/ Graduate Assistant a Jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo a shekarar 1985. A shekarar 1994, ta kuma koma Jami’ar British Columbia don kammala karatun share fagen digiri. Ta kai matsayin Malami na 1 a Sashin ilimin kimiyyar harhada magunguna na jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo kafin ta shiga jami’ar Ibadan a matsayin babbar Malama a shekarar 1998. Babalola ta zama mace ta farko a Jami’ar Ibadan mace ta zama Farfesa a fannin harhada magunguna a watan Oktoba shekarar 2006. Farfesa Babalola gogaggen mai kula da jami'a ne. Kafin nadin nata a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jami'ar Chrisland, ta yi aiki a matsayin Dean mace ta farko a Kwalejin Fasaha na Jami'ar Ibadan (2013-2017), kuma a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Magunguna, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Jami'ar Onabanjo Ta kasance Darakta-Janar na Babban Nazarin-zango na biyu (2005 2010). Jami'ar Ibadan. Ita ce likitan magunguna na farko da aka nada a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kuma mai ba da shawara a asibitin Nijeriya Asibitin Kwalejin Jami'a (UCH), Ibadan. Bincike-Bincike da aiki Farfesa, binciken Babalola ya mayar da hankali ne kan ka'idodin binciken ɗan adam, magunguna, gwajin asibiti, hulɗar magunguna PK PD, da cututtukan da ba za a iya kamuwa da su ba (Cutar Sickle Cell da Cancer Ta kirkiro wata hanya mai saurin ruwa ta hanyar chromatography don nazarin quinine a cikin biometrics Wannan sabon tsarin binciken quinine din ya haifar da karin bayani game da maganin quinine a cikin yan Afirka kuma ya zama tushen inganta kwayoyi a cikin takardun mallakar malaria. Karatun da take da shi game da cudanya da magunguna da kuma narkar da kwayoyi suna nuna raguwar samuwar kwayar halittar da kwayar wasu kwayoyi idan aka hada su da wasu magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Tana ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyya waɗanda suka ba da rahoton binciken magani na farko a marasa lafiya da sikila a cikin 'yan Nijeriya tare da proguanil a matsayin bincike. Rahoton ya nuna cewa wasu 'yan Najeriya na dauke da kwayoyin halittar CYP2C19 masu rikitarwa da kuma gurbatattun magunguna. Daga shekarar 2002 har zuwa yau, ta kasance mai ba da shawara mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya da Ilimi (IAMRAT) ƙarƙashin Unungiyar Nazarin Halitta da Halitta; Kwalejin Kimiyya, Jami'ar Ibadan. Rukuni guda ita ma ta shugabanci daga 2010 2012. Farfesa Babalola mai karɓar abokantaka ne da yawa, kyaututtuka da kuma tallafi. A shekarar 2011, ta lashe kyautar Gidauniyar MacArthur da darajarta ta kai 950,000 (2012) don Ilimi mafi girma Ilimi, wanda da shi ne ta kafa Cibiyar Bunkasa Kwarewa da Samun Magunguna (CDDDP), a Jami'ar Ibadan. A halin yanzu, ita ce Babban Jami'in Bincike, a kan USAID ta ɗauki nauyin USP PQM kan aikin inganta Ingantaccen Magunguna a cikin LMIC a cikin CDDDP, UI core-flex (yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa 160M Global). Tun da ta zama farfesa, ta kula da ɗaruruwan ɗalibai masu karatun digiri da sama da ɗalibai masu karatun digiri na uku (PGD, MSC, M. Phil PhD). Tana da labarai na masaniya sama da dari da hamsin 150 a cikin sanannen mujallar ilimi har ma da littattafai, babin littattafai, takaddun taro da rubutu ɗaya. Kyauta da girmamawa Union kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka Kwame Nkrumah Taron Yanki Kyauta na Kwarewar Kimiyya a Tarayyar Afirka Addis Ababa, Habasha 20,000), 2019. Fellow, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Magunguna ta Nijeriya (NAPharm), 2015. Aboki, Kwalejin Kimiyyar Magunguna ta Afirka ta Yamma (FPCPharam), 2014 Fellow, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka (F AAS 2013 Fellow, aceungiyar Magunguna ta Nijeriya (F PSN 2012 Fellow, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Nijeriya FAS 2011 Memba, Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Najeriya (MIPAN) Rajista Pharmacist, Najeriya, 1984. Zaɓaɓɓun labaran ilimi Da ke ƙasa an zaɓi wallafe-wallafen wallafe-wallafe na farfesa Chinedum. Adehin A, Igbinoba SI, Soyinka JO, Onyeji CO, Babalola CP (2019) Pharmacokinetics na quinine a cikin batutuwan Najeriya masu lafiya da kuma marasa lafiya tare da malaria mai rikitarwa: nazarin bayanai ta hanyar amfani da tsarin jama'a Binciken Magunguna na Yanzu 91, 33-38 Oluwasanu MM, Atara N, Balogun W, Awolude O, Kotila O, Aniagwu T, Adejumo P, Oyedele OO, Ogun M, Arinola G, Babalola CP, Olopade CS, Olopade OI da Ojengbede O (2019) Abubuwan da magunguna don ƙananan bincike yawan aiki a tsakanin malamai masu karatun digiri na biyu da masu bincike na farko kan cututtukan da ba su yaduwa a Najeriya Bayanan Binciken BMC 12: 403, 2019 doi: 10.1186 s13104-019-4458-y Nwogu JN, Babalola CP, Ngene SO, Taiwo BO, Berzins B, Ghandhi M (2019) Shirye don ba da Gudummawar Samfuran Gashi don Bincike Tsakanin Mutane Masu Cutar Kanjamau HIV AIDs Suna Halartar Babban Sashin Kiwon Lafiya a Ibadan, Nigeria Binciken Aids da Mazaunin Rayuwa 35 (7) An buga Layi: 26 Yuni 2019 doi: 10.1089 aid.2018.0242 Kotila OA, Fawole OI, Olopade OI, Ayede AI, Falusi AG, Babalola CP (2019) N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme genotype phenotype a cikin masu cutar HIV da masu ɗauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta Najeriya da magungunan jinsi, 29 (5), 106– 113, 2019 DOI: doi: 10.1097 FPC.0000000000000373 Adejumo OE, Kotila TR, Falusi AG, Silva BO, Nwogu JN, Fasinu PS, Babalola CP (2016) Yin amfani da kwayar cutar ta CYP2C19 ta hanyar amfani da kwayar cutar ta proguanil a cikin masu cutar sikila da masu kula da lafiya a Najeriya. Nazarin Magungunan Magunguna da Haske, 4 (5): e00252. Doi: 10.1002 prp2.252 Ong CT; et al. (2005). Haɗuwa a cikin mutum, tarin cikin cikin kwayar halitta da kuma tasirin tigecycline a cikin kwayar halittar polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Jaridar Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 56: 498-501. Babalola CP; et al. (2013) Tasirin Toxicological na SubTherapeutic, Therapeutic da overdose regimens na Halofantrine Hydrochloride akan Maɗaurin Albino. Pharmacologia 4 (3): 180-185, 2013 Babalola, CP. et al. (2010). Cytochrome P450 CYP2C19 genotypes a cikin marasa lafiyar cututtukan sikila da sarrafawar al'ada. Jaridar Clinical Pharmacy da Magunguna 35: 471-477 Babalola CP; et al. (2009) Sakamakon fluconazole a kan pharmacokinetics na halofantrine a cikin masu sa kai na lafiya. Jaridar Clinical Pharmacy da Magunguna 34: 677-682 Maglio D et al. (2005). Bayanin Pharmacodynamic na ertapenem akan Klebsiella pneumoniae da Escherichia coli a cikin cinyar murine murine. Jaridar Antimicrobial Agents da Chemotherapy 49 (1): 276-280. Babalola CP; et al. (2002). Hanyoyin hulɗar proguanil akan samar da kwayar halitta ta cloxacillin. Jaridar Clinical Pharmacy da Therapeutics, 27: 461-464 Babalola CP; et al. (2004) Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na vancomycin da teicoplanin shi kaɗai kuma a haɗe tare da streptomycin akan Enterococci faecalis tare da abubuwa masu saurin kamuwa da cutar ta vancomycin. Jaridar Duniya ta Antimicrobial Agents 23: 343-348 Babalola CP; et al. (2004). Kwatancen nazarin bioavailability na sabon quinine suppository da baka quinine a cikin masu sa kai na lafiya. Jaridar Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3 (1): 291-297 Babalola CP; et al. (2004) Ingantaccen tasiri na G-CSF kan maganin Pseudomonas aeruginosa ciwon huhu a cikin mahaɗan neutropenic da ba-neutropenic. Jaridar Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 53 (6): 1098-1100. Babalola CP; et al. (2004) Binciken bioaquailalence da bioequivalence (BA BE). Zuwa ga Ingantaccen Ingantaccen Ingantaccen Magunguna a cikin na 3 2004 Pg 79 Babalola CP; et al. (2006) Tattaunawa game da maganin zazzabin cizon sauro na halofantrine da babban narkewar sa N-desbutylhalofantrine a cikin plasma ta mutum ta hanyar yin chromatography mai saurin ruwa- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2006 An ambata ta 10 Labarai masu alaƙa Duk nau'ikan 6 Babalola CP; et al. (2012) Gwaje-gwajen asibiti na ganye-ci gaban tarihi da aikace-aikace a cikin ƙarni na 21- Pharmacologia, 2012 wanda aka buga da wasu abubuwa guda 10 Babalola CP; et al. (2003) Tabbatar da chromatographic ruwa na pyronaridine a cikin plasma ta mutum da kuma samfurin maganin baka- Journal of Chromatography B, wanda aka buga ta hanyar abubuwan 16 masu alaƙa duk nau'ikan 6 Babalola CP; et al. (2011) Herbalism Medical and Herbal Clinical Research: Tsarin Duniya. Babalola CP; et al. (2002) Polymorphic oxidative metabolism na proguanil a cikin yawan jama'ar Nijeriya European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, wanda aka buga ta abubuwan 19 masu alaƙa duk nau'ikan 9 Babalola CP; et al. (2011) Kimantawa game da tsarin takardar saiti a cikin jihar Osun (Kudu maso Yammacin) Nijeriya Jaridar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Cutar Cutar Rarraba, wanda aka buga ta abubuwan 39 masu alaƙa duk nau'ikan 4 Haɗin waje https://www.linkedin.com/in/chinedum-peace-babalola-91445613/?originalSubdomain=ng https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lvw32FsAAAAJ&hl=en https://chinedumpeacebabalola.org/ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-8032 https://dbpedia.org/page/Chinedum_Peace_Babalola Manazarta Pages with unreviewed

9772

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gine-Bisau

Gine-Bisau

Gine-Bisau, da harshen Portugal Guiné-Bissau, da Turanci Guinea-Bissau ɡ ɪ n i b ɪ s aʊ |s|aʊ|audio=En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg) |s|aʊ|audio=En-us-Guinea-Bissau.ogg bisa ga al'ada Jamhuriyar Guinee-Bissau Portuguese lang-pt|República da Guiné-Bissau lang-pt|República da Guiné-Bissau lang-pt|República da Guiné-Bissau [ʁepublikɐ dɐ ɡinɛ bisaw] wata ƙasa ne a yammacin Afirka wanda yake rufe kilomita 36,125 (13,948 tare da kimanin mutane 1,815,698 Guinea-Bissau ta kasance wani ɓangare na mulkin Gabu da kuma wani ɓangare na Daular Mali Sashe na wannan mulkin ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na 18, yayin da wasu 'yan wasu karkashin mulkin mulkin Potukin tun daga karni na 16.A cikin karni na 19,an yi mulkin mallaka a matsayin kasar Portugal.Bayan da 'yancin kai, aka bayyana a shekara ta 1973 kuma an gane shi a shekara ta 1974, sunan babban birnin kasar,Bissau ya kara da sunan kasar don hana rikicewa tare da Guinea (tsohon Faransa Guinea ).Guinea-Bissau tana da tarihin rashin zaman lafiya na siyasa tun da 'yancin kai,kuma babu wani shugaban da ya zaɓa ya samu nasarar cika shekaru biyar. Kashi 14 cikin dari na yawancin mutane suna magana ne da harshen Portuguese wanda ba'a ƙaddamar da shi ba, wanda aka kafa a matsayin jami'a da kuma harshen ƙasa. Portuguese ta wanzu a cikin ci gaba ta kasuwa tare da kuma Crioulo, ƙwararren Portuguese da rabi yawan jama'a (44%) kuma har ma mafi girma yawan magana da shi a matsayin harshen na biyu.Sauran suna magana da wasu harsuna na Afirka.Akwai addinai daban-daban a Guinea-Bissau ba tare da wani addini da yake da rinjaye ba.CIA World Factbook (2018) tana cewa akwai kimanin 40% Musulmai,22% Kiristoci,15% Animists da 18% unspecified ko wasu.Kasuwancin cikin gida na cikin gida na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya. Independence (1973) An ba da tabbaci a cikin kanta a ranar 24 ga watan Satumba shekara ta alif 1973. Lamarin ya zama duniya bayan 25 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta alif 1974. da aka yi juyin mulki na soja a Portugal, wanda ya kayar da tsarin mulkin Estado Novo Lisbon. Siyasa A majalisa, majalisa mai suna Unsembleame Nacional Popular National People's Assembly yana da mambobi 100. Ana zaba su ne da yawa daga mambobin mambobin membobin kasashe don yin aiki na shekaru hudu. Kwamitin shari'a yana jagorancin Kotun Supremo da Justiça (Kotun Koli), wadda ta kasance daga cikin kwamitocin tara wadanda shugaban ya zaba; suna aiki ne a yardar shugaban. Jam'iyyun jam'iyyun biyu sune PAIGC Jam'iyyar Afrika na Independence of Guinea da Cape Verde da kuma PRS Jam'iyyar Social Renewal Akwai fiye da 20 kananan jam'iyyun. Guinea-Bissau ne zuwa kashi takwas da yankuna lang|pt|regiões lang|pt|regiões da kuma wani kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Wadannan, bi da bi, suna subdivided cikin 37 sassa Yankuna sune: GDP na Guinea-Bissau ta kowace kasa shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya kuma Fassarar Harkokin Dan Adam na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya Fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a suna rayuwa a karkashin layin talauci. Tattalin arzikin ya danganci aikin noma; kifi, kwayoyi, da kuma kwayoyi masu mahimmanci su ne manyan fitarwa. Guinea-Bissau ta fara nuna wasu ci gaban tattalin arziki bayan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta sanya hannu a tsakanin manyan jam'iyyun siyasar kasar, wanda ya jagoranci shirin gyaran tsarin IMF Babban mahimmancin kalubalen da kasar ke fuskanta a gaba shine cimma horo na kasafin kudi, sake gina gwamnati, inganta yanayin tattalin arziki don zuba jarurruka, da kuma inganta fadada tattalin arziki. Bayan kasar ta zama mai zaman kanta daga Portugal a shekarar alif 1974 saboda yakin mulkin mallaka na Portuguese da juyin juya hali na Carnation gudun hijira na fararen hula na Portugal, soja, da kuma siyasa sun haifar da mummunan lalacewar tattalin arziki na tattalin arzikin kasar, tsarin zamantakewa da kuma rayuwa na rayuwa Kamfanin Bayanan mutane Bisa ga sakewar shekarar 2017 na duniya yawan mutane, yawan mutanen Guinea-Bissau ya kai 1,815,698 a 2016 idan aka kwatanta da 518,000 a 1950. Sakamakon yawan mutanen da ke ƙasa da shekaru 15 a 2010 sun kasance. 41.3%, 55.4% sun kasance shekarun shekaru 15 zuwa 65, yayin da 3.3% sun kasance shekaru 65 da haihuwa. Ƙungiyoyin kabilu 'Yan kasar Portuguese suna da ƙananan ƙananan Bissau-Guinean. Bayan da Guinea-Bissau ta sami 'yancin kai, mafi yawan' yan kasar Portugal sun bar ƙasar. Ƙasar tana da ƙananan jama'ar kasar Sin Wadannan sun hada da yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa na Magoyacin Portuguese da na kasar Sin daga Macau wani tsohon masarautar Portuguese na Asiya. Major birane Addini A shekara ta 2010, bincike na binciken Pew ya gano cewa kashi 62 cikin dari na yawan al'ummar kasar Sin na kiristanci ne, tare da Musulmai da suka rage 38%. Mafi yawan mutanen kasar Guinea-Bissau suna daga cikin Sunni suna da kimanin kashi 2 cikin 100 na kungiyar Ahmadiyya Sauran ƙididdigar sunyi iƙirari cewa Kristanci ba shine addini mafi rinjaye ba saboda akwai 45% Musulmi 31% Masu hade da kuma Krista 22%. Duk da haka, bisa ga Kristanci na Worldatlas ana ganin ana girma a kasar, musamman a tsakanin mabiya addinan gargajiya. Cuisine Rissi shine matsakaici a cin abinci na mazauna kusa da bakin tekun da gero a matsakaici a ciki. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari tare da hatsi Fassarar Portuguese sun karfafa kirkiro kirki Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) da kuma Macrotyloma geocarpum Hausalandnut suna girma. Black peyed ne kuma daga cikin abinci. An girbe man ƙanshi Wasanni Wasan kwallon kafa shi ne wasanni mafi shahara a Guinea-Bissau. Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Guinea-Bissau ta kasance tawagar kasa ta Guinea-Bissau, kuma Federação de Futebol da Guiné-Bissau na karkashin jagorancin Federação de Futebol Su memba ne na hukumar kwallon kafar kwallon kafar (CAF) da kuma FIFA. Sauran clubs sun hada da Desportivo Quelele FC Catacumba FC Catacumba São Domingos FC Cupelaoo Gabu FC Djaraf FC Prabis da FC Babaque Karin bayani Ƙasashen

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Gandun Dabbobi

Gandun Dabbobi na Bala A. Funtua fassarar shahararren littafin nan ne mai suna Animal Farm, wallafar wani baturen Ingila wanda ake kira George Orwel, ko da yake dai sunansa na gaskiya shi ne Eric Blair. Gandun Dabbobi dai shagube ne, waton gugar zana akan juyin mulkin da akayi a ƙasar Rasha, a shekarar 1917 wanda akayi amfani da dabbobin da ake kiwo a gandu domin isar da sako. Wannan littafi ne mai manufar jigon ilmantarwa, nishadantarwa da wayar da kai ta hanyar zambo da kuma farfaganda. Gandun dabbobi littafine mai dauke da hikima da hangen nesa. Labarin Littafi Wadannan dabbobi sune suka taru a karkashin wani tsohon alade waishi Dattijo (Old Major) don yayi musu bayani na wani irin mafarki da yayi, da kuma yanda zasu kori Nomau (Mr. Jones) daga gonarsa don ta zama tasu. Daga karshe dai sunci nasara wajen korar Nomau daga gandu ta hanyar tawaye (revolution) kuma gandu ya koma nasu, ya zama sune wuka sune nama, bayan mutuwar Dattijo, wanda ya mutu kwana ukku bayan jawabinsa. Kokarin marubucin Marubucin yayi amfani da aladu a matsayin dabbobi masu kaifin tunani kuma masu iya tafiyar da ragamar mulkin gandu, Musamman Dantulu (Snowball) Maitumbi (Napoleon) da Karambana (Squealer) Sauran dabbobi sun hada da su Aura (Benjamin) Akawal (Boxer), Godi (Clover), Hoge (Minimus), Kyalla (Muriel) Sangartatta (Mollie) Barde (Pinkeye) Burtu (Moses), Dafale (Bluebell), Durwa (Jessie), ‘Yarbaka (Pitcher) da dai sauransu. Dabbobin gandu dai sunci nasarar tawaye ne da Karin karfin gwuiwar Wakar Dabbobin Rugu wadda ke dumamasu Dabbobin rugu duk ku saurareni Dabbobin ko ina ku saurareni, Nazo da zance mai faranta rai Nan gaba ba wuya, idan mun niyya Lalle muna iya ture Dan Adam. Daga nan sai kasa ta zanto tamu Mune muke iko da ko ina… Shafi name 9 Sunan gandu ya canza daga Gandun Nomau zuwa Gandun Dabbobi, har sun tsara dokokinsu wadanda zasu yi amfani dasu. Ga alamu dai, Dantulu shugaba ne nagari mai hazaka da son ci gaban dabbobi ‘‘Ya ‘yan’uwana, mu nufi saura, mu maida himmar yankan tattaka, mu ga munfi Nomau da barorinsa maida hankali Shafi na 18. An fara samun banbancin zaman gandu, da nuna fifiko da son kai tun lokacin da aka fara tatsar madara ana mallakawa aladu kawai, harda nunannen mangwaro ma sai aladu kawai ke moriyarsa. A duk lokacin da sauran dabbobi suka fara guna-guni, sai a tura musu Karambana don yayi musu bayani. Saboda baiwarsa ta iya magana, Karambana zai iya canza baki zuwa fari. Yakan ce: Ya ‘yan’uwana, ina fatar zaku lura fa da cewar mu aladu, ba muna yin haka ne don nuna fifiko ko son kai. Da yawa daga cikinmu ba mu son madara ko mangwaro. Ni kaina bani kaunarsu. Dalilin da yassa kawai muke shansu shine don mu tsare lafiyarmu. Madara da mangwaro, Ya yan uwana, ilimin kimiya ya tabbatar da amfaninsu ga aladu. Mu aladu, masu aikin tunani ne kawai, dukkan shirye-shirye da sarrafar da aikin gandun nan ya dogara ne fa a kanmu. Dare da rana fa tsaye muke don jin dadin ku kawai. Saboda ku ne muke shan madara da mangwaron nan. Shin me kuke zato idan muka kasa yin aikinmu yadda ya kamata? Nomau sai ya dawo… cikinmu babu wanda yake son yaga Nomau ya dawo'''. Shafi na 26. Hassada da babakeren Maitumbi sunsa yayi kulla-kullar korar Dantulu a gandu, saboda babu jituwa a tsakaninsu, duk lokacin da daya yacce wannan ‘fari’ ne sai dayan yace a’a, ‘baki’ ne. Haka sunka saba yi har anka iso ga muhawarar ginin famfo (windmill) Jim kadan da korar Dantulu, sai ga aladu sun fara karya dokokin gandu: Duk abu mai kafa biyu abokin gaba ne Duk abu mai kafa hudu, ko fuffuke, dan’uwanmu ne Kada dabbar da ta kuskura ta sa tufafi Kada dabbar da ta kushura ta kwanta kan gado [da barguna] Kada dabbar da ta kuskura ta sha giya [har ta bugu] Kada dabbar da ta kuskura ta kashe ‘yar’uwarta [babu dalili] Duk dabbobi darajarsu daya [amma wasu sun dara wasu] Dabbobi sun koma da cewa mulkin Nomau yafi mulkin aladu dadi, ba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fafutukar%20ha%C6%99%C6%99in%20na%C6%99asasu

Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu

Ƙungiyar haƙƙin nakasassu ƙungiya ce ta duniya wacce ke neman tabbatar da daidaitattun dama da daidaitattuwan haƙƙin ga duk mutanen da ke da nakasa Yana da ƙungiyoyi na masu fafutuka na nakasa, wanda kuma aka sani da masu ba da shawara na nakasa, a duk duniya suna aiki tare da irin wannan manufa da buƙatun, kamar: samun dama da aminci a cikin gine-gine, sufuri, da yanayin jiki; daidaitattun dama a rayuwa mai zaman kanta, daidaiton aikin yi, ilimi, da gidaje da 'yanci daga wariya, cin zarafi, sakaci, da sauran take hakki. Masu fafutuka da nakasa suna aiki don karya shingen hukumomi, na jiki, da na zamantakewa waɗanda ke hana nakasassu rayuwa kamar sauran ƴan ƙasa. Haƙƙoƙin naƙasa yana da sarƙaƙiya saboda akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda mai nakasa zai iya samun tauye haƙƙoƙinsa a cikin yanayi daban-daban na zamantakewa da siyasa, al'adu, da shari'a. Alal misali, a zamanin yau, shingen gama gari da masu naƙasa ke fuskanta ya shafi aikin yi. To Musamman ma, masu daukan ma'aikata galibi ba sa son ko ba su iya samar da matsuguni masu dacewa don baiwa masu nakasa damar gudanar da ayyukansu yadda ya kamata. Lokacin da ake tattaunawa game da bukatun nakasassu, masu fafutuka na nakasa suna lura cewa mafita sun haɗa da nakasassu a matsayin masu shiga tsakani, aƙalla. Akwai tsare-tsare na yanzu waɗanda suka haɗa da sa hannun ɓangare na uku, kamar gyaran tunani da ba da shawarar doka, amma kaɗan daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da ƙarfafa wannan ƙungiyar don dogaro da kai. Tarihi Amurka Hakkokin nakasa na ƙasar Amurka sun samo asali sosai a cikin karnin da ya gabata. Kafin yunƙurin haƙƙin nakasassu, ƙin yarda da Shugaba Franklin Delano Roosevelt na a bayyana shi a matsayin rashin lahani da aka nuna kuma ya nuna alamar rashin jin daɗi da ke tattare da nakasa. Yayin yakin neman zabe, ba da jawabai, ko aiki a matsayin jama'a, ya boye nakasarsa. Wannan ya dawwamar da akidar cewa "nakasa tana daidaita da rauni". Ana kallon nakasa a Amurka a matsayin wani lamari na sirri, kuma ba ƙungiyoyin siyasa ko na gwamnati da yawa da suka wanzu don tallafawa mutane a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin. A cikin shekarata 1950s, an sami canji zuwa ayyukan sa kai da ƙungiyoyin iyaye, kamar Maris na Dimes Yayin da wannan ne farkon fafutuka da neman tallafi ga wadannan kungiyoyi, yaran da ke da nakasa iyayensu sun boye da yawa saboda tsoron tilasta musu gyara. Lokacin da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a suka tashi a cikin shekarar 1960s, masu fafutukar naƙasassun sun shiga cikinta da ƙungiyoyin 'yancin mata don haɓaka daidaito daidai da ƙalubalantar ra'ayi. A wannan lokacin ne fafutukar kare hakkin nakasa ta fara samun mai da hankali kan nakasa. Mutanen da ke da nakasa iri-iri (nakasassu ta jiki da ta hankali, tare da nakasar gani da ji) da buƙatu daban-daban sun taru don yaƙi don manufa ɗaya. Sai a shekarata 1990 ne aka zartar da Dokar Nakasa ta Amurkawa (ADA), bisa doka ta haramta wariya saboda nakasa, da kuma ba da izinin shiga nakasa a duk gine-gine da wuraren jama'a. ADA tana da mahimmanci a tarihi saboda ta ayyana ma'anar matsuguni mai ma'ana don kare ma'aikata da ma'aikata. A yau, masu fafutukar kare hakkin nakasa suna ci gaba da ba da kariya ga waɗanda ake nuna musu wariya, kuma suna aiki kan wasu batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar tilasta doka da kula da nakasassu. A ma'auni na duniya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa Yarjejeniya kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da Nakasa, musamman game da mutanen da ke da nakasa (Lockwood 146). Shingayen nakasa Misalin zamantakewa na nakasa yana nuna nakasa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tsarin al'umma, maimakon tawayar mutum. Wannan samfurin yana nuna shinge a cikin al'umma an halicce su ta hanyar iyawa To Lokacin da aka cire shinge, masu nakasa za su iya zama masu zaman kansu kuma daidai suke a cikin al'umma. Akwai manyan katanga guda uku: Matsalolin ɗabi'a: mutanen da suke ganin nakasa ne kawai ke ƙirƙira su yayin cuɗanya da nakasassu ta wata hanya. Ana iya ganin waɗannan shingen ɗabi'a ta hanyar zalunci, wariya, da tsoro. Waɗannan shingen sun haɗa da ƙarancin tsammanin mutanen da ke da nakasa. Waɗannan shingen suna ba da gudummawa ga duk sauran shingen. Halayen nakasassu a ƙasashe masu ƙanƙanta da matsakaita na iya zama ma wuce gona da iri. Matsalolin muhalli: wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba, na halitta ko ginanne, suna haifar da nakasu ta hanyar ƙirƙirar shingen haɗawa. Shingayen cibiyoyi: sun haɗa da dokoki da yawa, manufofi, ayyuka, ko dabarun nuna wariya ga nakasassu. Misali, wani bincike da aka yi a wasu kasashe biyar na kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ya nuna cewa, dokokin zabe ba sa kare hakkin nakasassu na musamman na siyasa, yayin da “wasu bankunan ba sa barin nakasassu su bude asusu, kuma cibiyoyin gwajin cutar kanjamau kan kin karbar yaren kurame. masu fassara saboda manufofin sirri". Akwai dokoki masu taƙaitawa a wasu ƙasashe, musamman suna shafar mutanen da ke da nakasu na hankali ko na zamantakewa. Sauran shingen sun haɗa da: shingen cikin gida (ƙananan tsammanin mutanen da ke da nakasa na iya lalata kwarin gwiwa da burinsu), rashin isassun bayanai da ƙididdiga, rashin shiga daga tuntuɓar nakasassu. Batutuwa Mutanen da ke da nakasa Samun shiga wuraren jama'a kamar titunan birni, gine-ginen jama'a, da dakunan wanka na daga cikin sauye-sauyen da aka fi gani da aka samu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don kawar da shinge na zahiri. Babban canji a wasu sassan duniya shine shigar da lif, Kuma kofofi na atomatik, ƙofofi masu fadi da hanyoyi, jigilar kaya, gyare-gyaren keken hannu, yanke shinge, da kuma kawar da matakan da ba dole ba inda ramps da lif ba su samuwa, ba da damar mutane a cikin keken hannu tare da sauran nakasassun motsi don amfani da hanyoyin jama'a da jigilar jama'a cikin sauƙi da aminci. Mutanen da ke da nakasar gani Mutanen da ke da ƙarancin hangen nesa a kai a kai suna fuskantar tsangwama ga wariya saboda rashin iya bambance wasu launuka. Farfesa Miguel Neiva na Jami'ar Minho, Portugal ne ya ƙera wani tsarin alamomin alamomin geometrically da aka sani da Coloradd a cikin shekarata 2010 don nuna launuka ga mutanen da ke da wahalar fahimtar su. Mutanen da ke da nakasar ci gaba Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin mutanen da ke da nakasa suna mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarinsu don samun karɓuwa a cikin ma'aikata da kuma ayyukan yau da kullun da abubuwan da wataƙila an cire su a baya. Ba kamar da yawa daga cikin jagorori a cikin al'ummar kare haƙƙin nakasassu ta jiki ba, Sai dai ba da shawarar kai ya yi jinkirin haɓakawa ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. Sakamakon haka, yawancin ayyukan da Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Nakasa ta yi an kammala su ta hanyar abokan tarayya, ko waɗanda ba su da nakasa amma suna da alaka mai karfi da nakasa. Iyaye, abokai, da ƴan'uwa sun yi yaƙi don neman ilimi da karɓuwa lokacin da 'yan uwansu da ke da nakasar fahimta ta kasa. Sanin jama'a game da ƙungiyoyin yancin ɗan adam na wannan yawan ya kasance mai iyaka, kuma ra'ayin mutanen da ke da nakasa a matsayin ƴan ƙasa marasa ba da gudummawa waɗanda suka dogara ga wasu ya kasance gama gari. A yau, harkar ta fi mayar da hankali kan zamantakewa don kara wayar da kan jama'a, kamar yadda yakin "R-Word" ya tabbatar, inda suke kokarin kawar da amfani da kalmar "retard". Kungiyar kare hakkin Autism Ƙungiyar haƙƙin zamantakewa ne wanda ke jaddada manufar neurodiversity, kallon nau'in nau'i na autism sakamakon bambancin yanayi a cikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam maimakon rashin lafiya da za a warke. Ƙungiyar haƙƙin autism tana ba da shawarwari ga manufofi da yawa, gami da babban yarda da halayen autistic; hanyoyin kwantar da hankali waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan ƙwarewar magancewa maimakon yin koyi da halayen takwarorinsu na neurotypical ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a da abubuwan da ke ba da damar mutanen autistic su yi hulɗa da kansu; da kuma amincewa da al'ummar autistic a cikin matsayin 'yan tsiraru Haƙƙin Autism ko masu ba da ra'ayin bambance-bambancen jijiyoyi sun yi imanin cewa bakan Autism na asali ne na asali kuma yakamata a yarda da shi azaman yanayin yanayin halittar ɗan adam Wannan hangen nesa ya bambanta da wasu ra'ayoyi guda biyu (2): hangen nesa na likitanci, cewa Autism yana haifar da lahani na kwayoyin halitta kuma yakamata a magance shi ta hanyar niyya ga kwayoyin Autism (s), da ka'idojin da ke tattare da cewa autism yana haifar da abubuwan muhalli kamar alluran rigakafi Wannan yunkuri yana da sabani. Sukar da aka saba yi wa masu fafutuka autistic shine cewa yawancinsu suna da masu aiki sosai ko kuma suna da ciwon Asperger kuma ba sa wakiltar ra'ayoyin marasa aiki masu fama da cutar. Mutanen da ke da matsalar rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa Masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin mutanen da ke da nakasa tabin hankali sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan yunƙurin kai, da kuma ikon mutum na rayuwa da kansa. Haƙƙin samun rayuwa mai zaman kanta, ta yin amfani da kulawar mataimakiyar biya maimakon kasancewa mai zaman kanta, idan mutum yana so, shine babban burin ƙungiyar haƙƙin nakasa, kuma shine babban burin irin wannan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu ba da shawara, Duk waɗanda suke mafi tsananin alaƙa da mutanen da ke da nakasa hankali da kuma rashin lafiyar hankali. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun tallafa wa nakasassu don su rayu a matsayin ƙarin masu shiga cikin al'umma. Samun ilimi da aiki Samun ilimi da aikin yi su ma sun kasance babban abin da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin nakasa suka mayar da hankali a kai. Fasahar daidaitawa, baiwa mutane damar yin ayyukan da ba za su iya samu a baya ba, suna taimakawa wajen samar da damar samun ayyukan yi da 'yancin kai na tattalin arziki. To Amman Samun shiga cikin aji ya taimaka inganta damar ilimi da 'yancin kai ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. 'Yanci daga wariya da cin zarafi 'Yanci daga cin zarafi, sakaci, da take haƙƙin mutum suma mahimman manufofin ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin nakasassu ne. Cin zarafi da sakaci sun haɗa da keɓantawa da kamewa da bai dace ba, yin amfani da ƙarfi da bai dace ba ta ma’aikata da/ko masu bayarwa, barazana, cin zarafi da/ko ramawa daga ma’aikata ko masu samarwa, gazawar samar da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, sutura, da/ko likita da kula da lafiyar hankali, da kuma /ko gazawar samar da muhalli mai tsafta da aminci, da kuma wasu batutuwan da ke haifar da babbar barazana ga lafiyar jiki da tunani na mutumin da ke da nakasa. Tauye haƙƙin marasa lafiya sun haɗa da rashin samun cikakken izini don magani, gazawar kiyaye sirrin bayanan jiyya, da ƙuntatawa mara dacewa na haƙƙin sadarwa da haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu, to Amman da sauran haƙƙoƙin haƙƙin. Sakamakon aikin da aka yi ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin nakasassu, an zartar da manyan dokokin haƙƙin nakasa a cikin shekarar 1970s zuwa 1990s a cikin Amurka Manyan abubuwan da suka faru Kanada Lardi mafi girma na Kanada, Ontario, ya ƙirƙira doka, Samun dama ga Dokar nakasa ta Ontario, 2005, tare da burin samun damar zuwa Shekarar 2025. A cikin Shekarata 2019, Dokokin Kanada Mai Samun damar zama doka. Wannan ita ce dokar Kanada ta farko ta ƙasa kan samun dama da ke shafar duk sassan gwamnati da hukumomin tarayya. Indiya Dokar Haƙƙin nakasassu, shekarar 2016 ita ce dokar tawaya da Majalisar Indiya ta zartar don cika wajibcinta ga Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan haƙƙin nakasassu, wanda Indiya ta amince da shi a cikin shekarata 2007. Dokar ta maye gurbin data kasance Masu Nakasa (Dama Daidai, Kare Hakkoki da Cikakkun Shiga) Dokar, 1995 Ya fara aiki a ranar 28 ga Disamba, shekarar 2016. Wannan doka ta amince da nakasassu 21. Ƙasar Ingila A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, biyo bayan faɗuwar yunƙurin da mutanen da ke da nakasa suka yi sama da shekaru da dama, an zartar da Dokar Wariya ta Nakasa ta shekarar 1995 (DDA 1995). Hakan dai ya haramta wa nakasassu wariya a Birtaniyya dangane da ayyukan yi, samar da kayayyaki da ayyuka, ilimi da sufuri. Hukumar daidaito da kare hakkin dan Adam ta ba da goyon baya ga wannan Dokar. Akwai irin wannan doka a Ireland ta Arewa, wacce Hukumar Daidaito ta Arewacin Ireland ta aiwatar da ita Bayan gabatar da harajin Bedroom (a hukumance hukuncin rashin zama a hukumance) a cikin dokar sake fasalin walwala ta shekarata 2012, masu fafutukar nakasa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa zanga-zangar Harajin Bedroom An kiyasta sauye-sauyen fa'ida da yawa suna shafar nakasassu daidai gwargwado da kuma tauye hakkin nakasassu na rayuwa mai zaman kansa. Dokar Down Syndrome za ta ba da izini na doka ga mutanen da ke zaune tare da Down syndrome Amurka A cikin shekarata 1948, ruwan sha don motsi shine tabbacin wanzuwar shinge na jiki da na shirye-shirye. An ba da tabbacin a matsayin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun wuraren da za a iya amfani da shi kyauta ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun ba da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu don shamaki kyauta ta jiki da damar shirin. Misalin shingen shine; samar da matakai kawai don shiga gine-gine; rashin kula da hanyoyin tafiya; wuraren da ba a haɗa su da jigilar jama'a; rashin hanyoyin sadarwa na gani da ji yana kawo wariya ga nakasassu daga masu zaman kansu, shiga, da dama. Ƙididdigar Kyauta na ANSI (Kalmar da Dr. Timothy Nugent ya tsara, mai binciken jagoran) mai suna "ANSI A117.1, Yin Gine-gine Masu Samun Dama da Amfani da Nakasassun Jiki", yana ba da tabbacin da ba za a iya jayayya ba cewa shingen ya wanzu. Ma'auni shine sakamakon masana ilimin motsa jiki, injiniyoyin injiniyoyi, da daidaikun mutane masu nakasa waɗanda suka haɓaka kuma suka shiga cikin sama da shekaru 40 na bincike. Ma'auni yana ba da ma'auni don gyare-gyaren shirye-shirye da kuma wurin jiki don samar da 'yancin kai. An kwaikwayi ma'aunin a duk duniya tun lokacin da aka gabatar da shi a Turai, Asiya, Japan, Ostiraliya, da Kanada, a farkon shekarata 1960s. Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ci gaba na ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin nakasa shine haɓakar motsin rayuwa mai zaman kansa, wanda ya fito a California a cikin shekarata 1960s ta hanyar ƙoƙarin Edward Roberts da sauran mutane masu amfani da keken hannu. Wannan yunkuri, wani bangare na kungiyar kare hakkin nakasassu, ya bayyana cewa nakasassu sune kwararrun kwararru kan bukatunsu, don haka dole ne su tashi tsaye, a daidaiku da kuma a dunkule, wajen tsarawa da inganta ingantattun hanyoyin warware matsalar, kuma dole ne su tsara kansu don samun damar siyasa. Bayan ɓata sana'a da wakilcin kai, akidar ƙungiyoyin masu zaman kansu sun haɗa da kawar da nakasassu, kawar da cibiyoyi da nakasa (watau shigar cikin ƙungiyoyin rayuwa mai zaman kanta ba tare da la'akari da bincike ba). Hakazalika, an zartar da dokar hana shingen gine-gine a 1968, wanda ke ba da umarni cewa gine-ginen da aka gina ta tarayya da nakasassu. Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar wannan dokar a matsayin dokar haƙƙin nakasa ta tarayya ta farko. Abin baƙin ciki ga waɗanda ke da nakasar fahimi, nakasarsu ta sa ya zama mafi wahala su zama ƙwararrun ƙwararrun bukatunsu, tare da hana su ikon ba da shawarar kansu kamar yadda takwarorinsu masu amfani da keken hannu za su iya. Gabatar da kai ya fi wuya ga waɗanda ba za su iya bayyana tunaninsu ba, wanda ya kai ga dogaro da wasu don ci gaba da wannan motsi. A cikin shekarata 1973 Dokar Gyara (Amurka) ta zama doka; Sashe na 501, 503, da 504 sun haramta wariya a shirye-shiryen da ayyuka na tarayya da duk wasu shirye-shirye ko ayyuka da ke karɓar kuɗin tarayya. Mahimmin harshe a cikin Dokar Gyara, wanda aka samo a Sashe na 504, ya ce "Babu wani ƙwararren nakasassu [sic] a cikin Amurka, da za a cire shi kawai saboda rashin lafiyarsa sic], daga shiga, zama hana fa'idodin, ko kuma a nuna musu wariya a ƙarƙashin kowane shiri ko aiki da ke samun tallafin kuɗi na tarayya." Dokar ta kuma bayyana kudaden da za a iya warewa don taimakawa nakasassu samun horo ga ma'aikata tare da taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa za su iya isa wurin aiki ba tare da fuskantar matsalolin rashin isa ba. Wannan ita ce dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta farko da ke ba da tabbacin dama daidai ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. Wani muhimmin juzu'i mai mahimmanci shine 504 Sit-in a cikin shekarata 1977 na gine-ginen gwamnati wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Ilimi, da Jindadin Amurka (HEW) ke gudanarwa, wanda Frank Bowe ya ɗauka kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Amurka ta shirya, wanda ya haifar da fitar da ka'idoji bisa ga Sashe na 504 na Dokar Gyara ta shekarar 1973. A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1977, masu fafutuka sun fara zanga-zanga kuma wasu sun zauna a cikin ofisoshin da aka samu a yankuna goma na tarayya ciki har da New York City, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver, Chicago, Philadelphia, da Atlanta. Daya daga cikin manyan zanga-zangar ta faru ne a San Francisco. Masu zanga-zangar sun bukaci sanya hannu kan ka'idoji na sashe na 504 na Dokar Gyara ta a shekarar 1973. Judith Heumann ce ta jagoranci zaman da aka yi nasara. Ranar farko ta zanga-zangar ita ce ta farko ta zaman dirshan na kwanaki 25. Kusan masu fafutuka na nakasassu 120 da masu zanga-zangar sun mamaye ginin HEW, kuma Sakatare Joseph Califano a ƙarshe ya sanya hannu a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, shekarata 1977. Wannan zanga-zangar ta kasance mai mahimmanci ba kawai don an cimma manufarta ba, har ma saboda ita ce babban yunƙuri na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin mutanen nakasassu daban-daban da suka taru don goyon bayan dokar da ta shafi yawan nakasassu gabaɗaya, maimakon takamaiman ƙungiyoyi. A cikin shekarata 1978 masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin nakasassu a Denver, Colorado, waɗanda Atlantis Community suka shirya, sun gudanar da zama tare da toshe bas ɗin Hukumar Canja wurin Yankin Denver a cikin 1978. Suna nuna rashin amincewarsu da cewa tsarin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na birnin gaba daya ba ya isa ga nakasassu. Wannan aikin ya zama na farko a cikin jerin zanga-zangar rashin biyayya da aka yi na tsawon shekara guda har zuwa lokacin da Hukumar Kula da Canjin Wuta ta Denver ta sayi motocin bas sanye da kayan hawan keken guragu. A cikin 1983, Amurkawa nakasassu don Samun Samun Jama'a (ADAPT) shine ke da alhakin wani yaƙin neman zaɓe na farar hula shima a Denver wanda ya kwashe shekaru bakwai. Sun kai hari kan Ƙungiyar Sufuri na Jama'a na Amirka don nuna rashin amincewa da jigilar jama'a; Wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ƙare a cikin shekarata 1990 lokacin da dokar nakasassu ta Amurka ta buƙaci tayar da bas ga mutanen da ke amfani da keken hannu a duk faɗin ƙasar. Wata babbar zanga-zangar da ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin nakasa ita ce Kurame Yanzu zanga-zangar da ɗaliban Jami'ar Gallaudet suka yi a Washington, DC, a cikin Maris Na shekarar 1988. Muzaharar ta kwanaki 8 (Maris 6 Maris 13) zanga-zangar da kuma aiki da kullewa daga makarantar ta fara ne lokacin da Hukumar Amintattu ta nada sabon Shugabar sauraren karar, Elisabeth Zinser, sama da ’yan takara Kurame biyu. Koke-koken daliban na farko shi ne yadda jami’ar da ta sadaukar da kai wajen karantar da kurame, ba ta taba samun shugaba kurame ba, wanda zai wakilce su. Daga cikin bukatu hudu da masu zanga-zangar suka gabatar, babba ita ce murabus din shugaban kasar da kuma nada kurame. Muzaharar ta ƙunshi ɗalibai kusan 2,000 da waɗanda ba ɗalibi ba. An gudanar da zanga-zangar ne a harabar jami’ar, a cikin gine-ginen gwamnati, da kuma a kan tituna. A karshe dai an biya dukkan bukatun daliban sannan aka nada I. Sarki Jordan a matsayin shugaban kurma na farko na jami'a. A cikin shekarata 1990, Dokar nakasassu ta Amurka ta zama doka, kuma ta ba da cikakkiyar kariyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ga mutanen da ke da nakasa. An ƙirƙira shi sosai bayan Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama da Sashe na 504, dokar ita ce mafi girman dokokin haƙƙin nakasa a tarihin Amurka. Ya ba da umarnin cewa gwamnatocin ƙananan hukumomi, jihohi, da tarayya da shirye-shirye su kasance masu isa, cewa masu daukan ma'aikata tare da ma'aikata sama da 15 su yi madaidaicin masauki ga ma'aikatan da ke da nakasa kuma kada su nuna bambanci ga wasu ƙwararrun ma'aikatan da ke da nakasa, da kuma wuraren zama na jama'a kamar gidajen abinci da shaguna. ba nuna bambanci ga nakasassu ba kuma suna yin gyare-gyare masu dacewa don tabbatar da samun dama ga nakasassun jama'a. Har ila yau, dokar ta ba da izinin shiga cikin jama'a, sadarwa, da sauran fannonin rayuwar jama'a. An gudanar da Maris Pride na nakasa na farko a Amurka a Boston a cikin shekarata 1990. An gudanar da Maris na Tawaya ta biyu a Boston a cikin 1991. Babu wani naƙasasshiyar Pride Pride Marises/Pades na shekaru da yawa, har zuwa Chicago ranar Lahadi, Yuli 18, 2004. An ba da kuɗin dalar Amurka 10,000 a cikin kuɗin iri wanda Sarah Triano ta samu a cikin shekarata 2003 a matsayin wani ɓangare na lambar yabo ta Paul G. Hearne jagoranci daga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Amirka A cewar Triano, mutane 1,500 ne suka halarci faretin. Yoshiko Dart shi ne jagoran fareti. nune-nunen da tarin yawa Don bikin cika shekaru 10 na Dokar nakasassu na Amurkawa, Cibiyar Tarihi ta Smithsonian Institute National Museum of History ta buɗe wani nune-nunen da ya yi nazari kan tarihin fafutuka ta nakasassu, abokansu, da iyalai don tabbatar da yancin ɗan adam da aka lamunce ga duk Amurkawa. Abubuwan da ake gani sun haɗa da alƙalami da Shugaba George HW Bush ya yi amfani da shi wajen sanya hannu kan dokar da ɗaya daga cikin kujerun guragu na farko. An tsara nunin don isa ga iyakar isa. Kiosks na gidan yanar gizo samfura don sigar da za ta kasance a ƙarshe ga gidajen tarihi da sauran cibiyoyin al'adu an samar da wasu nau'i na daban don dandana nunin. An buɗe baje kolin daga Yuli 6, shekarata 2000, zuwa Yuli 23, 2001. Muhawara da hanyoyi Muhimmiyar muhawara a cikin ƙungiyoyin haƙƙin nakasassu shine tsakanin tabbataccen mataki ga nakasassu tare da yin gwagwarmaya don samun daidaito. A cewar wata ƙungiyar zaɓe ta shekarar 1992, mutane da yawa suna fargabar cewa haɗa naƙasassu cikin wuraren aiki na iya shafar martabar kamfaninsu, ko kuma yana iya haifar da raguwar yawan aiki. Wannan ya zo daidai da shekarata 1992 na majalisar dokoki game da Dokar Daidaita Ma'aikata, wanda ya bayyana cewa masu daukan ma'aikata su duba don aiwatar da daidaito ba tare da samun tsarin ƙididdiga na hukuma ba. Wannan ya kasance muhawara mai gudana. Wani ƙarin muhawara shine tsakanin ƙaddamar da nakasassu tare da tallafa musu a gidajensu. A cikin shekarata 1963 lokacin shugabancin John F. Kennedy, ya canza ra'ayin ƙasa game da lafiyar hankali ta hanyar haɓaka kudade don shirye-shiryen tushen al'umma da tsara dokoki don kula da lafiyar hankali. Ya kuma ƙirƙiri Kwamitin Shugaban Ƙasa kan Rage Hakuri, wanda ya samar da shawarwari ga sababbin shirye-shirye da gwamnatoci za su iya aiwatarwa a matakin jiha, don haka suna nisantar da "cibiyoyin tsare". Wannan sauyi daga kafa hukumomi ya haifar da tsangwama ga cibiyoyin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin siyasa sau da yawa ba a samun isasshen kuɗi don wannan ra'ayi. A cewar shari'ar Kotun Kolin Amurka Humphrey v. Cady, dokokin alƙawarin jama'a da cancantar shiga tsakani suna wanzu ne kawai a cikin misali lokacin da aka yanke wa mutum haɗari cikin gaggawa ga kansa ko wasu. Wahalhalun tabbatar da "haɗari nan da nan" ya haifar da sakamakon da ba zato ba tsammani cewa yana da wuya a kai masu tabin hankali zuwa asibiti da sauƙin tura su kurkuku. A cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Maza da 30% na Mata suna da wani nau'i mai tsanani na tabin hankali wanda ya rage ba a kula da shi ba. Wata muhawarar da ke ci gaba da gudana ita ce yadda za a bunkasa dogaro da kai ga nakasassu. Mataki na 1 na Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya tabbatar da cewa "Dukkanin al'umma suna da 'yancin cin gashin kansu" tare da 'yancin zabi. Domin wannan yana bayyana manufar zaɓe na 'yanci da cin gashin kansa, hujja ɗaya ita ce, duk wani tsoma bakin gwamnati yana hana 'yancin kai, don haka ya bar wa nakasassu su nemi duk wani taimako da suke buƙata daga ƙungiyoyin agaji da masu zaman kansu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji irin su majami'u sun yi imani da taimaka wa nakasassu ba tare da komai ba. A gefe guda, wata hanyar ita ce haɗin kai, alaƙar dabi'a, wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyin kamar haɓaka ƙwararru da tanadin albarkatu. Musamman ma, hanya ɗaya ita ce ba da damar nakasassu su bayyana bukatunsu da kansu da kuma samar da nasu mafita da nazari. Maimakon shiga tsakani, wanda shine shiga ta hanyar gaya musu abin da za a yi ko abin da aka yi, wannan hanya ta ba da shawara don ba da damar wannan ƙungiya ta zama mai dogaro da kanta kuma ta yanke shawara. Abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan sun haɗa da ayyana wanene mai dogaro da kansa da naƙasa, yana kewayawa zuwa ga ra'ayin ƙaddamar da kai. Duba wasu abubuwan Kararraki Shiga Yanzu v. Jirgin saman Southwest Mills vs. Hukumar Ilimi na Gundumar Columbia Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Albarkatun Rayuwa Mai Zaman Kanta Ƙungiyar Ƙasa akan Nakasa Ƙungiyar Nazarin Nakasa Rayayyar Wurin Rayuwa don Lens Mai Zaman Kai akan PBS Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Nakasa Nunin kan layi daga Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasar Amirka Ci gaba da karatu Bagenstos, Samuel. Doka da Saɓani na Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin nakasa (Yale University Press, 2009). Barnartt, Sharon N. da Scotch, Richard. Zanga-zangar Nakasa: Siyasa Mai Ciki 1970-1999 (Jaridar Jami'ar Gallaudet, 2001) Colker, Ruth da Milani, Adam. Doka ta yau da kullun don daidaikun mutane masu nakasa (Mawallafin Paradigm, 2005). ISBN 978-1-59451-145-5 Fleischer, Doris Zames da Zames, Frieda. Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin nakasassu: Daga Sadaka zuwa Haɗuwa (Jaridar Jami'ar Temple, 2nd Edition, 2011). ISBN 978-1-4399-0743-6 Johnson, Mary da Ragged Edge Online Community. Sanin Nakasa yi daidai! Yadda za a jagorance ku gaba ɗaya (The Advocado Press, 2006). ISBN 978-0-9721189-1-0 Johnson, Roberta Ann. "Tallakar da nakasassu." A cikin Social Movements of the Sixties and Seventies, edited by Jo Freeman (Longman, 1983), shafi na. 82–100; An sake bugawa a cikin Waves of Protest: Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a Tun daga Sittin da Jo Freeman da Victoria Johnson suka gyara (Rowman da Littlefield, 1999), shafi na 1999. 25-45. ISBN 978-0-8476-8748-0 Longmore, Paul, K. da Umansky, Laurie, masu gyara, Sabon Tarihin Nakasa: Ra'ayin Amurka (Jami'ar New York, 2001). ISBN 978-0-8147-8564-5 Ruth O'Brien asalin Gurguwar Adalci: Tarihin Manufofin Nakasa na Zamani a Wajen Aiki (Jami'ar Chicago Press, 2001). ISBN 978-0-226-61659-9 Kaka, Fred. Abokin ABC Clio zuwa Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Nakasa (ABC-Clio, 1997). ISBN 978-0-87436-834-5 Kaka, Fred. Abin da Muka Yi: Tarihin Baka na Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Nakasa (Amherst, Boston MA: Jami'ar Massachusetts Press 2012). ISBN 978-1-55849-919-5 Regents na Jami'ar California. Haƙƙin nakasassu da Ƙungiyar Rayuwa mai zaman kanta (Berkeley, CA: Jami'ar California Berkeley, 2001). Yanar Gizo. Haƙƙin mallaka 2007 Masu Mulki na Jami'ar California. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi. Takaddun da aka kiyaye akan sabar: www.lib.berkeley.edu/ na Bancroft Library. www.bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/drilm/aboutus/project.html Shapiro, Joseph P. Babu Tausayi: Mutanen da ke da Nakasa Ƙaddamar da Sabon Ƙungiyoyin 'Yancin Bil'adama (Littattafan Times, 1993). ISBN 978-0-8129-2412-1 Stroman, Duane. Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin nakasassu: Daga Ƙaddamarwa zuwa Ƙaddamar da Kai (Jami'ar Jarida ta Amurka, 2003). ISBN 978-0-7618-2480-0 Manazarta Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkechi%20Justina%20Nwaogu

Nkechi Justina Nwaogu

Nkechi Justina Nwaogu, CON PhD ƴar siyasa ce kuma ma'aikaciyar Banki ta Najeriya, ta ƙirƙiro kuma ta shugabanci Libra Investment. Yanzu haka ita ce Shugabar Kwamitin Gudanarwa da kuma cansalo a jami'ar Calabar. Sanata Nkechi Nwaogu ta kasance Memba mai wakiltar Osisioma Ngwa, Ugwunagbo da Obingwa na Tarayya a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya daga 2003/2007. A 2007 aka zabe ta a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Abia Central Senatorial District. A shekarar 2011 aka sake zabenta a karo na biyu. A shekarar 2016, Nwaogu a hukumance ta bayyana kasancewa mamba a jam’iyya mai mulki ta All Progressives Congress (APC). Bayan Fage Sanata Nkechi Nwaogu PhD CON, ta zama Sanata sau biyu kuma a halin yanzu itace babbar Shugabar Jami’ar Calabar. Babban masanin harkokin kudi. Sanata Nkechi Justina Nwaogu ta auri Dr Roland Nwaogu mai cike da alkhairi Siyasa da sana’a A matsayinta na sanata mai wakiltar gundumar sanata ta biyu ta Abia ta Tsakiya, sanata Nkechi Nwaogu ta kasance mai fada a ji a duk lokacin da take rike da mukaman. A zamanta na farko a zauren majalisa, ta kasance Shugabar Majalisar Dattawa kan Banki, Inshora da sauran Cibiyoyin Kudi. Ta sami damar maido da bin doka da oda a bangaren hadahadar kudade na kasar. A matsayinta na shugabar Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan Albarkatun Gas, ta tursasa don kara nuna gaskiya, rikon amana da kuma bunkasa cikin sauri a masana'antar iskar gas ta kasar. Ta kasance mamba a Majalisar ECOWAS daga 2005 zuwa yau sannan kuma ta kasance Darakta Darakta a Yankin Afirka ta Yamma, Kungiyar 'Yan Majalisun Afirka ta Hanyar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa, APNAC. Ta sami lambar farko a cikin kamfanonin hada-hadar kudi a Ingila daga 1979 zuwa 1987. A shekara ta 1987 Nwaogu ya sake komawa Najeriya don kammala aikin bautar kasa na Matasa na bautar kasa shekara guda. Nan da nan Bankin Kasuwanci na Kasa da Kasa Plc ya dauke ta a matsayin Manajan Bincike. Bayan haka ta shiga Commerce Bank Ltd a matsayin Mataimakin Manaja daga baya kuma bankin Diamond a matsayin Manajan Reshe. Saboda sha'awar da take da ita na bayar da bashi ga talakawan karkara masu himma, sai ta kafa Kamfanin Zuba Jari Libra Investments Ltd, wanda ke da tarihin samar da lamuni ga yawancin 'yan kasuwar karkara da masu sana'a don ci gaban kasuwancinsu daban-daban. A watan Disambar 2011 Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Najeriya ta soke zaben Nwaogu na Afrilu. Shugabar Jami'ar Calabar Nwaogu an naɗa ta Kansila kuma Shugaban Hukumar Gudanarwa, Jami'ar Calabar Nasarorin da ta samu a mulkinta sun haɗa da zaben mace ta farko da ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar, Farfesa Florence Obi Kyaututtuka da sakewa Kwamandan umarnin na Neja, CON ta tsohon shugaban kasa Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Ugo Nwanyi Ndigbo na Eze Nri. Kyautar Kyautar Shugabanci ta Inasashen Cikin Gida na Duniya, Nijeriya Kyautar Kwarewa a Ayyukan Al'umma ta Rotary Club na Aba Kyautar girmamawa daga Kungiyar Matan Ibo Ambasada Ngwa ta Kungiyar Matan Mata ta Al'adu, Lagos Amincewa ta musamman da matan Ngwa na Los Angeles, California, Amurka Da sauran su. Manazarta Hanyoyin haɗin waje "Senator Nkechi J. Nwaogu (website)" Sanata Nkechi J. Nwaogu. An adana daga asali ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2009 An dawo cikin 2009-09-14 Ganawa, "Mijina da ya rasu ya tsara ni cikin siyasa", Nigerian Sun, 2018 Ganawa, "Mummunan dalilan da na fada ban gai da PDP", Vanguard, 2015 Pages with unreviewed translations Rayayyun Mutane Haifaffun

37341

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erling%20Haaland

Erling Haaland

Erling Braut Haaland né Håland an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Norway wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Premier League Manchester City da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Norway An yi la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa a duniya, an san shi da wasan motsa jiki, gudu da kuma kammalawa. Ya zo. A tsarin matasa, Haaland ya taka leda a babban matakin don ajiyar Bryne da manyan kungiyoyin. Ya kuma koma Molde a cikin shekarar 2017 (kuma yana wasa don ƙungiyar ajiyar su), wanda ya shafe shekaru biyu tare da shi. Haaland ya rattaba hannu tare da kungiyar Red Bull Salzburg ta Bundesliga a watan Janairun na shekara ta 2019, inda ya lashe kofunan lig biyu da Kofin Ostiriya daya. A cikin watan Disamba shekara ta2019, ya koma kulob din Bundesliga na Jamus Borussia Dortmund, inda ya ci DFB-Pokal a 2020-21 Haaland ya lashe kyaututtuka na mutum da yawa kuma ya karya tarihi daban-daban yayin aikinsa. A lokacin kakar 2019-20 tare da Salzburg, ya zama matashi na farko da ya ci kwallo a wasanni biyar na gasar zakarun Turai a jere. Ya kasance saman scorer na gasar zakarun Turai kakar A cikin shekarar 2020, Haaland ya lashe kyautar Golden Boy, yayin da a cikin shekara yan 021 aka nada shi dan wasan Bundesliga na kakar wasa kuma an saka shi cikin FIFA FIFPro World11 a shekarar 2021. Haaland ya wakilci Norway a matakan matasa daban-daban. A cikin 2019 FIFA U-20 gasar cin kofin duniya, ya lashe gasar ta Golden Boot, bayan da ya zira kwallaye tara a raga a wasa daya. Ya yi babban wasansa na farko a duniya a watan Satumbar shekarar 2019. Rayuwar farko An haifi Haaland a ranar 21 ga watan Yuli shekara ta2000 a Leeds, Ingila, yayin da mahaifinsa Alfie Haaland ke taka leda a Leeds United a gasar Premier a lokacin. A cikin shekarar 2004, yana ɗan shekara uku, ya ƙaura zuwa Bryne, garin mahaifansa a Norway. Tare da buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, Haaland yana shiga cikin wasu wasanni daban-daban tun yana ƙarami, gami da ƙwallon hannu, golf, da waƙa da filin Har ila yau, an ba da rahoton cewa ya samu tarihin duniya a fannin shekarunsa na tsalle-tsalle na tsayin daka lokacin yana da shekaru biyar, tare da yin rikodi na nisan mita 1.63 a shekarar 2006. Aikin kulob Bryne Haaland ya fara a makarantar horar da kulob din Bryne na garinsu yana da shekaru biyar. A lokacin kakar shekara ta 2015–16, ya buga wa kungiyar ajiyar Bryne wasa kuma ya burge shi, inda ya zira kwallaye goma sha takwas a wasanni goma sha hudu. A watan Mayun shekara2016, an kori Gaute Larsen a matsayin kocin Bryne kuma kocin matasa Berntsen ya samu matsayi na kocin riko. Bayan ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Haaland a wasu kungiyoyin matasa, kocin na rikon kwarya ya baiwa matashin farkonsa na farko, watanni uku kafin cikarsa shekaru sha shida. Wasan sa na farko shine wasa na biyu na 1. divisjon da Ranheim a ranar 12 ga Mayu 2016. Bayan da aka tura shi da farko a matsayin winger, Berntsen ya sanya Haaland a matsayinsa na tsakiya a matsayin dan wasan gaba bayan wasu wasanni. Ko da yake ya kasa zira kwallaye a kakar wasansa na Bryne, Haaland ya samu gwaji daga kungiyar ta Jamus Hoffenheim 1899 kafin daga bisani ya koma Molde don taka leda a karkashin Ole Gunnar Solskjær Haaland ya buga manyan wasanni goma sha shida a Bryne. Molde A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, Molde ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Haaland mai shekaru 16. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 26 ga watan Afrilu a gasar Kofin Norwegian da Volda TI, inda ya zira kwallo a wasansa na farko a nasara 3-2. Wasan farko na Haaland a cikin Eliteserien ya zo ne a ranar 4 ga watan Yuni, ana kawo shi azaman minti na 71 a madadin Sarpsborg 08 Bayan da ya karbi katin gargadi a cikin fiye da minti daya na wasa a filin wasa, Haaland ya ci wa Molde nasara a minti na 77, wanda shi ne kwallonsa ta farko a gasar. Yajin aikin sa na biyu na kakar wasa ya zo ne a ranar 17 ga watan Satumba, yayin da ya ci wa Viking FK nasara a wasan da ci 3-2. Bayan wasan, Haaland ya samu suka daga abokin wasansa Björn Bergmann Sigurɗarson saboda murnar burinsa ga magoya bayan Viking. Haaland ya kammala kakarsa ta farko a Molde da kwallaye hudu a wasanni ashirin. A ranar 1 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2018, Haaland ya zira kwallaye hudu a cikin mintuna 21 na farko da Brann, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar kungiyarsa da ci 4-0 akan shugabannin gasar da ba a doke su ba a lokacin. Bayan wasan, kocin Molde Ole Gunnar Solskjær ya kwatanta salon wasan Haaland da dan wasan gaban Belgium Romelu Lukaku, kuma ya ce kulob din ya yi watsi da tayin da dama kan dan wasan daga kungiyoyi daban-daban. A wasan da ya biyo bayan mako guda, Haaland ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a raga tare da zura kwallo a ragar Vålerenga a ci 5-1. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar UEFA a ranar 26 ga Yuli, inda ya mayar da bugun fanareti a wasan da Molde ta samu 3-0 a gasar cin kofin Europa da KF Lacii Sakamakon raunin idon sawun, Haaland bai shiga cikin wasannin lig na karshe na Molde na kakar wasa uku ba. Domin wasan kwaikwayonsa a cikin 2018 Eliteserien, Haaland ya sami lambar yabo ta Eliteserien Breakthrough of the Year Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2018 a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallo a ragar Molde, inda ya zura kwallaye goma sha shida a wasanni talatin a duk gasa. Red Bull Salzburg A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2018, zakarun Bundesliga na Austrian Red Bull Salzburg ta sanar da cewa Haaland zai koma kungiyar a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu 2019, inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Dan Athletic Phil Hay daga baya zai bayyana cewa kafin ya koma Salzburg, Haaland shima yana fuskantar tayin daga tsohuwar kungiyar mahaifinsa Leeds United. Ya buga wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, 2018-19 Austrian Cup quarter final da Wiener Neustädter, kuma ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 12 ga Mayu a gasar Bundesliga ta Austrian ta ci LASK 2-1.A ranar 19 ga Yuli, ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko ga kulob din a gasar cin kofin Austrian 7-1 da SC-ESV Parndorf kuma ya bi wannan tare da hat-trick dinsa na farko a gasar a ranar 10. Wayan Agusta, wanda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin nasara da ci 5–2 da Wolfsberger AC Ya samu hat-trick na uku ga Salzburg a ranar 14 ga Satumba a cikin nasara da ci 7–2 a kan TSV Hartberg wannan shi ne karo na shida a jere da Haaland ya ci a gasar, tare da jimillar kwallaye goma sha daya a wannan lokacin. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, Haaland ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar zakarun Turai a gasar zakarun Turai da Genk, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a farkon rabin nasarar da suka yi da ci 6–2, ya kuma ci hat-trick dinsa na hudu a Salzburg. A cikin wasanni biyu na gaba na gasar zakarun Turai, Haaland ya ci kwallo a ragar Liverpool a Anfield da kuma kara biyu a kan Napoli, ya zama matashi na biyu bayan Karim Benzema a tarihin gasar da ya zura kwallo a kowane wasa uku na farko. Haka kuma kwallayen da ya zura a raga shi ne ya fi zura kwallo a raga a wasanni uku na farko na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Bayan da aka dawo da bugun fanareti a wasan da Salzburg ta yi da Napoli, Haaland ya zama matashi na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni hudu na farko a gasar, kuma dan wasa na hudu ne kawai na kowane zamani da ya cimma wannan nasarar, bayan Zé Carlos, Alessandro Del Piero da Diego Costa Daga nan ya zira kwallaye ukun a nasarar Salbzurg da ci 3–0 a Wolfsberger AC a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya yi rikodin hat-trick dinsa na biyar a kakar wasa da kuma na biyu a kan Wolfsberg. A ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, Haaland ya fito daga benci ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Genk, inda ya hade da Del Piero, Serhii Rebrov, Neymar, Cristiano Ronaldo da Robert Lewandowski a matsayin 'yan wasan daya tilo da suka zura kwallaye a wasanni biyar na farko na matakin rukuni na gasar zakarun Turai, kuma ya zama. matashin da ya fara zira kwallo a wasanni biyar a jere a gasar. Sai dai ba zai iya zura kwallo a raga ba a wasan karshe na rukuni na karshe da Salzburg ta yi da Liverpool, saboda kungiyarsa ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0, aka fitar da ita daga gasar. Wannan zai tabbatar da zama wasan karshe na Haaland ga kulob din; Ya bar Salzburg yana da kwallaye 29, tare da 28 daga cikin waɗannan sun zo a cikin bayyanuwa 22 kawai da aka yi a lokacin kakar 2019-20 Borussia Dortmund 2019-20: Lokacin halarta na farko Duk da kasancewar Manchester United da Juventus suna zawarcinsa, kulob din Bundesliga na Borussia Dortmund ya tabbatar da siyan Haaland a ranar 29 ga watan shekarar Disamba 2019, kwanaki uku kafin bude kasuwar canja wuri na hunturu, kan farashin da aka ruwaito yana cikin yankin Yuro 20. miliyan, sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu da rabi. Haaland ya fara buga wasansa na farko a Dortmund a FC Augsburg a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2020, ya zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin na biyu kuma ya ci hat-trick a cikin mintuna 23 da ci 5-3. Hakan ya sanya shi zama dan wasa na biyu a tarihin Dortmund bayan Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang da ya ci kwallaye uku a wasansu na farko a Bundesliga. Kwanaki shida bayan haka, Haaland ya sake fitowa daga kan benci, inda ya buga wasansa na biyu na kulob a wasan Dortmund da abokan hamayyar cikin gida 1. FC Koln Ya zura kwallo bayan mintuna goma sha biyu sannan ya samu kwallo ta biyu bayan mintuna goma, abin da ya taimakawa kungiyarsa ta samu nasara da ci 5-1. Haaland ya zama dan wasan Bundesliga na farko da ya ci kwallaye biyar a wasanni biyu na farko, da kuma dan wasa mafi sauri da ya kai wannan adadi (minti 56 da aka buga). Duk da cewa ya shafe sa'a daya kacal a filin wasa a gasar, ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan Janairu. Haaland ya ci kwallo biyu a karawar da suka yi da Union Berlin a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu, inda ya zama dan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya ci kwallaye bakwai a wasanninsu uku na farko na Bundesliga. A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu a ragar Dortmund a wasan farko da suka yi nasara a kan Paris Saint-Germain da ci 2-1 a gasar zakarun Turai zagaye na 16 Wannan ya kawo jimlar matashin dan kasar Norway zuwa kwallaye goma na gasar zakarun Turai don kamfen na shekarar 2019-20 a cikin bayyanarsa ta takwas a gaba daya a gasar, ya kara zuwa takwas da ya ci wa Salzburg a matakin rukuni. Dortmund za ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2-0 a karawar farko a ranar 11 ga Maris, yayin da Haaland ta ga an cire shi daga gasar a karo na biyu a kakar wasa guda. Bayan dawowar Bundesliga a ranar 16 ga Mayu a tsakiyar annobar COVID-19, Haaland ya zura kwallon farko da Dortmund ta ci Schalke 04 4-0 Revierderby, kwallonsa ta goma a gasar Bundesliga. A ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, ya zira kwallaye biyun a wasan da suka doke RB Leipzig da ci 2-0 don tabbatar da matsayi na biyu ga Dortmund, wanda zai kai ga buga gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Haaland ya kammala kamfen dinsa na shekarar 2019-20 da kwallaye 44 a wasanni 40 da ya buga a duk wasannin da ya buga a Salzburg da Dortmund. Shekarar 2020-21: Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga kuma wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai A ranar 19 ga watan satumba na shekara ta 2020, awasan farko na Dortmund na sabuwar kakar, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Borussia Mönchengladbach da ci 3-0. Ya zura kwallo a ragar kungiyarsa a wasansu da Bayern Munich daci 2-3 Der Klassiker a gasar DFL-Supercup a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, kuma ya sake jefa kwallo a ragar Bayern lokacin da kungiyoyin suka hadu a gasar a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, inda Dortmund ta yi rashin nasara da ci 2. 3 sau daya. A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, Haaland ya zira kwallaye hudu a cikin mintuna 32 na nasara 5–2 a waje da Hertha BSC Wadannan kwallaye biyar da aka zura a watan Nuwamba sun sa ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan a karo na biyu. Haaland ya ci gaba da zura kwallo a raga a gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zira kwallaye shida a wasanni hudu na farko na matakin rukuni na 2020-21, tare da zura kwallo a ragar Club Brugge da ci 3-0 a ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasa mafi sauri da ya yi rikodi goma sha biyar (15). sannan kuma sha shida) kwallayen gasar zakarun Turai; ya kai wannan matakin ne da wasanni goma sha biyu kacal a gasar. Sa’o’i kadan kafin wasan rukuni na biyar na Dortmund da Lazio a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba, kulob din ya sanar da cewa Haaland ya samu rauni a kafarsa, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har sai bayan sabuwar shekara. Ya koma gefe a wasansu da VfL Wolfsburg a ranar 3 ga Janairu 2021. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a waje da RB Leipzig a ci 3-1 a ranar 9 ga watan Janairu, kuma ya sake samun karin kwallaye biyu a wasan da Dortmund ta sha kashi a hannun Mönchengladbach da ci 2–4 a ranar 22 ga Janairu. A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya sami taimako a wasan da Dortmund ta doke Sevilla da ci 3-2 a wasan farko na gasar zakarun Turai zagaye na 16 A fafatawar da Dortmund ta yi da Bayern a filin wasa na Allianz Arena ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Haaland ya zura kwallaye biyu a cikin mintuna goma na farko wanda ya baiwa kungiyarsa damar ci 2-0. Sai dai kuma an sauya shi ne a karo na biyu bayan da ya samu bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, yayin da Bayern ta yi yunkurin lashe wasan da ci 4-2. Kwallon da Haaland ta ci ta biyu ita ce ta 100 a cikin babban aikinsa, inda ya kai wannan matsayi a wasanni 146 kacal. Haaland ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Sevilla a wasan na biyu na Dortmund a ranar 9 ga watan Maris, yayin da kungiyarsa ta yi canjaras 2-2 kuma ta tsallake zuwa matakin kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai da ci 5-4. Tare da buga wasanni goma sha hudu kacal, hakan ya sanya shi zama dan wasa mafi sauri da kuma matashin dan wasa da ya ci kwallaye ashirin a gasar, kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya ci sau da dama a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai hudu a jere. A wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe da Manchester City, ya ba da taimako ga burin Marco Reus a wasan farko, duk da haka, duka matches sun ƙare da ci 2-1. Bayan da aka rasa wasanni biyu saboda rauni mai zurfi, Haaland ya koma cikin farawar Dortmund a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu don shekarar 2021 DFB-Pokal Final ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da kungiyarsa ta doke Leipzig da ci 4-1, wanda hakan yasa ya samu nasarar lashe kofinsa na farko a kungiyar. Ya kawo karshen kakar wasa da kwallaye 41 a dukkan gasa, ciki har da 27 a gasar, wanda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga da magoya bayansa suka zaba, kuma ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai da kwallaye goma. daga baya ana ba da kyautar mafi kyawun ci gaban gasar a kakar wasa ta bana 2021–22: Raunin rauni da kakar karshe tare da Dortmund Haaland ya fara kakar 2021-22 tare da hat-trick akan Wehen Wiesbaden a zagayen farko na DFB-Pokal a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2021. Mako guda bayan haka, a ranar wasa daya daga cikin Bundesliga, ya zira kwallaye biyu tare da taimakawa kwallaye biyu yayin da Dortmund ta doke Eintracht Frankfurt 5-2. A cikin watannin farko na kakar wasa ta bana, Haaland ya yi jinyar rauni, inda ya dawo ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba kuma ya zura kwallo a ragar Mainz a ci 3-1. watan Jim kadan bayan haka, Haaland ya samu rauni a kugunsa, wanda ya yi jinyar watanni biyu. Ya dawo ne a ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya ci kwallonsa ta 50 a gasar Bundesliga a wasan da suka doke Wolfsburg da ci 3-1, ya kafa sabon tarihi na wasanni kadan kuma ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya ci kwallaye 50 a gasar. A ranar 10 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2022, Borussia Dortmund ta ba da sanarwar cewa Haaland zai bar kungiyar a karshen kakar wasa zuwa kulob din Premier na Manchester City. Bayan kwana hudu, ya yi bankwana da kulob din a Westfalenstadion kafin wasan karshe na Dortmund da Hertha BSC A wasansa na karshe a kungiyar, ya ci wa Dortmund kwallo ta farko a wasan da suka doke Hertha da ci 2-1. Manchester City A ranar 10 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2022, kulob din Premier na Manchester City ya sanar da cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don siyan Haaland bayan ya kunna Yuro 60. miliyan (£51.2 miliyan) sakin layi. An kulla yarjejeniyar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, inda City ta sanar da cewa Haaland zai koma kungiyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. Ya buga wasansa na farko a gasar a ranar 30 ga watan Yuli, yana buga dukkan mintuna 90 a cikin rashin nasara da Liverpool da ci 3-1 a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2022 A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a gasar Premier a nasarar da suka yi a waje da West Ham United da ci 2-0. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Haaland ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko a gasar Premier a cikin nasara da ci 4-2 a kan Crystal Palace, kuma ya zira kwallaye na biyu, cikakkiyar hat-trick, bayan kwana hudu tare da trible a cikin 6- 0 ya ci Nottingham Forest, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mutum mafi sauri a tarihin gasar Premier ya kai hat-tricks, inda ya doke tarihin da ya gabata da wasanni 14. A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a kulob din, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Sevilla kuma ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya ci kwallaye 25 a wasanni 20 na gasar zakarun Turai. A ranar 16 ga watan Satumba, an zabe shi gwarzon dan wasan Premier na watan na Agusta, watan sa na farko da ya taka leda a gasar. Ayyukan kasa da kasa Matasa Haaland yana bugawa Norway wasa, kuma ya wakilce su a kungiyoyi daban-daban. A ranar 27 ga watan Maris shekarar 2018, yayin da yake tare da Norway a ƙarƙashin 19, Haaland ya ci hat-trica a kan Scotland a cikin nasara 5-4, yana taimaka wa ƙasarsa ta sami cancantar zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Turai na 2018 UEFA Under-19 A ranar 22 ga watan Yuli 2018, Haaland ya ci bugun fanariti a kan Italiya a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 yayin wasan karshe na gasar. A ranar 30 ga watan Mayu 2019, Haaland ya zira kwallaye tara a cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Norway 12-0 ta doke Honduras a gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFA U-20 na 2019 a Lublin, Poland. Wannan ita ce nasara mafi girma da Norway ta taba samu a matakin 'yan kasa da shekaru 20, da kuma rashin nasara mafi girma da Honduras ta samu. Haaland ya kuma kafa sabon tarihi a gasar cin kofin duniya na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasa daya ya ci a wasa, inda sakamakon haka shi ne nasara mafi girma da kowace kungiya ta samu a tarihin gasar. Duk da cewa an fitar da 'yan Norway a matakin rukuni, kuma Haaland bai zura kwallo a wasu wasannin ba a gasar, har yanzu ya lashe kyautar takalmin zinare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. Babban Manajan Lars Lagerbäck ya nada Haaland a cikin manyan tawagar Norway a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, 2019, don karawa da Malta da Sweden a wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar Euro 2020 ya buga wasansa na farko na babban tawagar kasar a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba 2019 da Malta. A ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Haaland ya zira kwallonsa ta farko ta kasa da kasa a Norway a cikin rashin nasara da ci 1-2 da Austria a gasar cin kofin UEFA Nations League B na 2020–21 Bayan kwana uku, ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin nasara da ci 5–1 da Ireland ta Arewa A ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba, Haaland ya ci hat-trick dinsa na farko na kasa da kasa a wasan da Norway ta doke Romania da ci 4-0 a gasar Nations League B, wanda ya kawo yawan kwallayen da ya ci a babbar kungiyar a wasanni shida da ya buga. A lokacin hutun kasa da kasa na watan Satumba shekarar 2021, Haaland ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni uku na neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya, gami da hat-trick na biyu ga Norway a nasarar da suka yi da Gibraltar da ci 5-1. Salon wasa ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Haaland yana da dukkan halayen ɗan wasan gaba. Yana amfani da firam ɗinsa mai girman gaske don riƙe wasa yadda ya kamata kuma ya haɗa da wasu. Yana da taki da dabarar motsi don gudu a baya; yana iya dribble da halitta; kuma yana iya gamawa da ƙafafu biyu da kansa. Yawancin lokaci yakan zo da zurfi don tattara kwallon don taimakawa kungiyarsa ta buga wasa, sau da yawa yana neman yada kwallon a fili ga abokin wasansa, kafin ya juya da gudu zuwa raga. Wani lokaci yakan zo da zurfi don masu tsaron baya su bi shi, don haka yana da wayar da kan kunna kwallon da ƙirƙirar daga matsayi na gaba. A cikin filin wasan, yana yin ƙananan motsi masu kaifi don tabo wata dama ga abokin wasan don yin ƙoƙari ya same shi a sararin samaniya, kuma zai iya canza layin da yake gudana da sauri zuwa wannan sararin samaniya, yana mai da shi matukar wuya ga masu tsaron gida su karanta. Yana amfani da jikinsa sosai lokacin wasa da bayansa zuwa raga, yana kare kwallon yadda ya kamata yayin da yake kokarin sarrafa ta. Ganin cewa zai iya amfani da karfinsa wajen samun damar buga kwallo a lokacin da yake fuskantar matsin lamba, yana kuma da tasiri wajen baiwa ‘yan wasan baya na kungiyarsa dan jinkiri bayan an cire shi. Ƙirƙirar Haaland ta fi bayyana lokacin da ya shiga tashar hagu ta ciki. Babban burinsa koyaushe shine ya sami harbi, amma kuma yana da hangen nesa da fasaha don zabar jinkirin gudu daga tsakiyar tsakiya a tsakiya. Ƙarfinsa na ɗaukar ƙwallon a cikin sauri kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙira ga wasu, musamman ma a kan gaba. Haaland ya yi wa Zlatan Ibrahimović da Cristiano Ronaldo, amma kuma ya ambaci Michu, Jamie Vardy, Sergio Agüero da Robin van Persie a matsayin wahayi, kuma ya yaba Virgil van Dijk da Sergio Ramos a matsayin biyu daga cikin ’yan wasan baya mafi tsauri da ya taka leda. Rayuwa ta sirri Haaland shine ɗan tsohuwar Nottingham Forest na Norway, Leeds United da mai tsaron bayan Manchester City Alfie Haaland, kuma tsohuwar 'yar wasan heptathlon ta mata Gry Marita Braut. Dan uwansa Jonatan Braut Brunes shima kwararren dan kwallon kafa ne. Brunes ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya taba bugawa Bryne a wasa da KFUM Oslo a ranar 16 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2016 yana da shekaru 15, watanni 9, kwanaki 9, inda ya doke tarihin da Haaland ya kafa a baya kwanaki hudu da suka gabata. Kaninsa Albert Tjåland shi ma dan wasan kwallon kafa ne, wanda ya yi rajista sama da kwallaye sittin a wasanni kasa da arba'in da ya buga da kungiyar matasan Molde. A cikin watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, a cikin wata hira da jaridar Norwegian Aftenposten, Haaland ya bayyana cewa "Mafarkin shine lashe gasar Premier tare da Leeds." A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta 2016, bidiyon kiɗan "Kygo Jo" an shigar da shi zuwa YouTube ta Flow Kingz, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi Haaland da abokan wasansa U-18 na Norway Erik Botheim da Erik Tobias Sandberg A shekarar 2020, bidiyon ya zarce 8.2 miliyan views da 250 dubu likes. Haaland ya ce yana jin daɗin bimbini Bayan ya ci kwallonsa ta biyu a wasan farko na Dortmund a gasar zakarun Turai da Paris Saint-Germain a watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, ya yi bikin ta hanyar kwaikwayi wani "zen" dangane da ayyukansa na tunani. Duk da haka, Dortmund za ta ci gaba da yin rashin nasara kuma za a fitar da ita bayan wasan na biyu, inda dan wasan PSG Neymar ya kwaikwayi bikin Haaland bayan kwallon da ya ci, kuma yawancin 'yan wasan kulob din Faransa sun shiga cikin yin kwaikwayon "zen" a cikin bikinsu bayan kammalawa. na wasan. An bayar da rahoton cewa an yi hakan ne a matsayin tono ga Haaland saboda wani sako da ake zargin ya yi a dandalin sada zumunta da ya yi kafin wasan, inda ya kira wurin da ya karbi bakuncin Paris "birninsa". Duk da wasu majiyoyin da ke ba da shawarar cewa mukamin Haaland na bogi ne, har yanzu ya ce bikin na PSG bai damu ba, yana mai cewa: "Ina tsammanin sun taimaka mini da yawa don yin bimbini a duniya da kuma nuna wa duniya duka. wannan tunani abu ne mai mahimmanci don haka ina godiya". Hotuna Kididdigar sana'a Kungiya Ƙasashen Duniya Norway score listed first, score column indicates score after each Haaland goal Girmamawa Red Bull Salzburg Bundesliga ta Austria: 2018-19, 2019-20 Kofin Austria 2018-19 Borussia Dortmund DFB-Pokal 2020-21 Norway U17 Kofin Syrenka: 2016 Mutum Nasarar Eliteserien na Shekara 2018 Gwarzon dan kwallon Austria 2019 Dan wasan Bundesliga na Austriya: 2019-20 FIFA U-20 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya 2019 Breakthrough XI 2019 Dan wasan Bundesliga na kakar wasa: 2020-21 Gwarzon dan wasan Bundesliga na watan: Janairu 2020, Nuwamba 2020, Afrilu 2021, Agusta 2021 Gasar Bundesliga na Watan: Janairu 2020, Fabrairu 2020 Manufar Bundesliga na Watan: Satumba 2021 Kungiyar Bundesliga ta kakar: 2020-21, 2021-22 Gwarzon dan wasan Premier na watan Agusta 2022 Ƙungiyar ESM na Shekara 2019-20 Kungiyar Matasan Duniya ta IFFHS (U20) 2020 Golden Boy 2020 Gullballen 2020 Kyautar Kniksen 2020 Gwarzon Wasannin Yaren mutanen Norway 2020 Tawagar UEFA Champions League na kakar wasa: 2020-21 Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na kakar wasa 2020-21 Wanda ya fi zira kwallaye a gasar zakarun Turai 2020-21 Wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar UEFA Nations League 2020-21 FIFA FIFPro Duniya 11 2021 Manazarta Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Bayanan martaba a gidan yanar gizon Manchester City FC Erling Haaland Rikodin gasar Rayayyun mutane Haihuwan

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haramta%20jakar%20Leda

Haramta jakar Leda

Haramta kamar Leda doka ce da ke ƙuntata amfani da jakar ledoji na filastik mai sauƙi a wuraren sayarwa. A farkon ƙarni na 21, an sami yanayin duniya game da fitowar jaka na filastik masu sauƙi. Takalma na sayen filastik guda ɗaya, wanda aka saba yi daga filastik mai ƙarancin polyethylene (LDPE), an ba da su kyauta ga abokan ciniki ta hanyar shagunan yayin sayen kayayyaki: an daɗe ana ɗaukar jaka a matsayin hanyar da ta dace, mai arha, da tsabta don jigilar abubuwa. Matsalolin da ke tattare da jakunkunan filastik sun haɗa da amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba (kamar mai, gas da kwal), matsaloli yayin zubar, da tasirin muhalli. A lokaci guda tare da raguwa a cikin jaka na filastik mai sauƙi, shagunan sun gabatar da jaka na cin kasuwa masu amfani. Gwamnatoci daban-daban sun haramta sayar da jaka masu sauƙi, cajin kwastomomi don jaka masu sauƙi. Gwamnatin Bangladesh ita ce ta farko da ta yi hakan a shekara ta 2002, inda ta sanya haramtacciyar haramtacciya a kan jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi. Tsakanin 2010 da 2019, yawan manufofin jama'a da aka nufa don fitar da jakunkunan filastik sun ninka sau uku. Ya zuwa 2022, an kuma gabatar da irin wannan haramcin a cikin kasashe 99, tare da matakai daban-daban na tilasta, kuma kasashe 32 a maimakon haka suna sanya caji ga jaka. Har ila yau, wasu hukunce-hukunce a matakin kasa sun kafa haramtacciya da cajin. Tambayoyi Takalma na filastik suna haifar da ƙananan batutuwan muhalli da muhalli. Matsalar da ta fi dacewa tare da jakunkunan filastik shine adadin sharar da aka samar. Yawancin jakunkunan filastik sun ƙare a kan tituna kuma daga baya sun gurɓata manyan hanyoyin ruwa, koguna, da rafi. Ko da lokacin da aka zubar da su yadda ya kamata, suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don lalacewa da rushewa, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na shara a tsawon lokaci. Takalma da ba a zubar da su yadda ya kamata sun gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa, an toshe magudanar ruwa kuma an samo su a cikin teku, suna shafar yanayin halittu na halittu na ruwa. Babban adadin sharar filastik ya ƙare a cikin teku a kowace shekara, yana haifar da barazana ga nau'in ruwa da rushewa ga jerin abinci na ruwa. Yawancin nau'o'in microbial suna mamayewa a kan barbashi na filastik wanda ke inganta cutar su, kuma barbashi na roba da iska ke fitarwa suna samar da wuraren shara a sassa daban-daban na teku. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa za a sami filastik fiye da kifi a cikin teku nan da shekara ta 2050 sai dai idan kasashe sun zo da matakan gaggawa don inganta ingantaccen samarwa, amfani da kuma kula da sharar filastik a duk rayuwarsu. An gano jakunkunan filastik don taimakawa ga dumamar duniya. Bayan an zubar da shi, idan an fallasa shi ga hasken rana mai daidaituwa, farfajiyar irin wannan filastik tana samar da iskar gas guda biyu na methane da ethylene. Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin reshe manyan rassan rassa, yana rushewa cikin sauƙi a tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik da ke haifar da wuraren da aka fallasa da kuma hanzarta sakin iskar gas. Samar da wadannan iskar gas daga filastik budurwa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da yanki lokaci, don haka LDPE yana fitar da iskar gas a cikin mafi ƙarancin ƙima idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik. A ƙarshen kwana 212, an yi rikodin hayaki a 5.8 nmol g-1 d-1 na methane, 14.5 nmol g 1 d-1 na ethylene, 3.9 nmol g1 d-1 na etane da 9.7 nmol g d-1 na propylene. Nau'o'i biyu na asali na lalacewar kai tsaye ga namun daji shine rikicewa da cin abinci. Dabbobi na iya zama masu rikitarwa da nutsar da su. Sau da yawa dabbobi ne ke cinye jakunkunan filastik waɗanda ba za su iya rarrabe su daga abinci ba. A sakamakon haka, suna rufe hanji wanda ke haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar yunwa. Takalma na filastik na iya toshe magudanar ruwa, kama tsuntsaye da kashe dabbobi. Asusun Duniya na Yanayi ya kiyasta cewa fiye da 100,000 whales, hatimi, da turtles suna mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon cin abinci ko kuma an kama su da jakar filastik. A Indiya, kimanin shanu 20 suna mutuwa a kowace rana sakamakon cinye jaka na filastik da kuma samun tsarin narkewar su da jaka. Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Afirka don samun magudanar ruwa da tsarin magudanar da aka rufe da jaka wanda ke haifar da mummunar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro saboda karuwar yawan sauro da ke zaune a kan magudanar ruwan da ta ambaliya. An kirkiro kalmar "farar gurɓataccen" a kasar Sin don bayyana tasirin gida da na duniya na jakunkunan filastik da aka watsar a kan muhalli. Ana kuma hura jakar filastik masu sauƙi a cikin bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire kuma ana iya kuskuren su don abinci. Takalma na filastik sun lalace ta hanyar lalacewar polymer amma ba ta hanyar lalacewa ba. A sakamakon haka, duk wani sinadarin guba da suka hada da masu hana wuta, antimicrobials, da filastik za a saki cikin muhalli. Yawancin waɗannan gubobi kai tsaye suna shafar tsarin endocrine na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sarrafa kusan kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki. Bincike ya nuna matsakaicin aiki na "rayuwa" na jakar filastik ya zama kusan shekaru 20. Takalma na kayan robori da aka zubar a cikin Tekun Pacific na iya ƙare a cikin Babban Gidan shara na Pacific. 80% na sharar filastik ya fito ne daga ƙasa; sauran sun fito ne daga dandamali na mai da jiragen ruwa. Dabbobi na ruwa na iya cin wannan, kuma su toshe hanyoyin numfashin su da tsarin narkewa. Bakunan filastik ba wai kawai suna ƙarawa ga Babban Gidan shara na Pacific ba, ana iya wanke su a bakin teku a duniya. Hanyoyi Hanyoyi biyu da suka fi shahara na fitar da jaka na filastik masu sauƙi sune caji da haramtacciyar doka. An ce dabarun cajin [who?] don samun duk sakamako iri ɗaya a rage jakar filastik a matsayin haramta jakar fila filastik, tare da ƙarin fa'idar ƙirƙirar sabon tushen kudaden shiga. Hanyar cajin jakar filastik kuma tana kare zaɓin mabukaci, wanda haramcin bai yi ba. Sake amfani da jaka na filastik na iya zama wata hanyar fitarwa. Koyaya, kashi 5% ne kawai na jakunkunan filastik ke zuwa wuraren sake amfani. Ko da lokacin da aka kawo jaka zuwa wuraren sake amfani, sau da yawa suna tashi daga waɗannan ɗakunan ko motocin sake amfani kuma sun ƙare a matsayin datti a kan tituna. Wani batu tare da sake amfani da shi shine cewa ana yin jaka daban-daban daga nau'ikan filastik daban-daban amma suna da kama da juna. Za'a iya yin jaka daga bioplastics ko filastik mai narkewa, kuma idan ba zato ba tsammani an haɗa su a cikin takin mai, bioplastics na iya gurɓata gurɓataccen biodegradable. Wadannan jaka na iya toshe kayan aikin sake amfani lokacin da aka gauraya da wasu nau'ikan filastik, wanda zai iya zama mai tsada don gyarawa. Misali, farashin gyare-gyare ya kai kusan dala miliyan 1 a kowace shekara a San Jose, California. Dangane da binciken 2018 a cikin Jaridar Tattalin Arziki ta Amurka: Manufofin Tattalin arziki, haraji na cents biyar a kan jaka masu zubar da su ya rage amfani da jaka mai zubar da maki 40. Dangane da bita na 2019 na binciken da ke akwai, haraji da haraji sun haifar da raguwar kashi 66% a cikin amfani a Denmark, fiye da 90% a Ireland, tsakanin 74 da 90% a Afirka ta Kudu, Belgium, Hong Kong, Washington DC, Santa Barbara, Burtaniya da Portugal, da kuma kusan 50% a Botswana da China. Wani binciken 2019 a cikin Jaridar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa na Muhalli ya gano cewa aiwatar da haramtacciyar takunkumin filastik a California ya haifar da raguwar fam miliyan 40 na filastik ta hanyar kawar da jakunkunan filastik amma Californians sun sayi fam miliyan 12 na filastic ta hanyar sayen jakar shara. Binciken ya nuna cewa kafin gabatar da haramcin tsakanin 12% da 22% na jakunkunan filastik an sake amfani da su azaman jakunkunan shara. Rashin amincewa Hana jakar filastik na iya haifar da manyan kasuwannin baƙar fata a cikin jakar fila filastik. Bincike ya nuna cewa haramtacciyar jakar filastik na iya kawar da mutane daga amfani da jakar fila filastik mai laushi, amma kuma yana iya kara amfani da jakunkunan takarda guda ɗaya da ba a tsara su ba ko jakunkunan filastik masu kauri a wuraren da ake samar da waɗannan kyauta. Bugu da ƙari, haramcin na iya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tallace-tallace na jakunkunan shara sabo mutane ba za su iya sake amfani da tsoffin jakunkunan kayan abinci ba don abubuwa kamar yin ƙananan gwangwani. Samar da wasu jaka wadanda ba na filastik ba {misali takarda, auduga, ta amfani da filastik budurwa kamar filastik da ke da kauri na micron 50} na iya samar da karin hayakin gas fiye da jakunkunan filastik, wanda ke nufin cewa hayakin gas na iya ƙaruwa a kan net bayan haramtacciyar jakar filastik. Za a buƙaci sake amfani da wasu hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su fiye da sau ɗari don sanya su da muhalli fiye da jakunkunan filastik. Ana kuma kallon su a matsayin marasa tsabta fiye da filastik saboda suna iya kawo kwayoyin cuta daga waje da shagon zuwa manyan wuraren tuntuɓar kamar kekuna da bincika wuraren da aka ajiye. Shari'a a duniya Takaitaccen bayani Afirka Kenya ta yi ƙoƙari na farko don hana masana'antu da shigo da jakar filastik a cikin 2007 da 2011 a matsayin hanyar kare muhalli. haramcin 2007 da 2011 da aka yi niyya da filastik a ƙasa da microns 30 ya gaza bayan masana'antun da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki sun yi barazanar ba da kuɗin amfani da wasu kayan ga masu amfani. A cikin 2017 sakataren majalisa na Muhalli da albarkatun kasa, Farfesa Judy Wakhungu ya haramta amfani, ƙerawa da shigo da duk jakar filastik da aka yi amfani da su don kunshin kasuwanci da na gida a ƙarƙashin lambar sanarwar Gazette 2356. A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Kenya ta fara aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar na jakunkunan filastik guda daya. An cire jakunkuna na farko, jakunkuna masu sharar gida, da kayan kwalliya daga haramcin. An yaba da haramcin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsauri a duniya, tare da tarar har zuwa 40000, ko shekaru huɗu a kurkuku. Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta a cikin 2019, a lokacin Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya, ya kara karfafa kokarin Kenya na yaki da gurɓata filastik da kuma ci gaba da kula da sharar gida ta hanyar haramta filastik mai amfani guda ɗaya a wuraren da aka kiyaye. Harin, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2020, ya haramta amfani da filastik a wuraren shakatawa na kasa, rairayin bakin teku, gandun daji da wuraren kiyayewa. Najeriya A watan Mayu 2019, Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya ta haramta samarwa, shigowa da amfani da jaka na filastik a kasar. Rwanda haramcin jakar filastik na Rwanda ya fara aiki a cikin 2008. Gwamnatin Rwanda ta karfafa wasu kasashe a yankinsu da su haramta jakar filastik, tun daga shekarar 2011. Somaliya An dakatar da jakunkunan filastik a Jamhuriyar Somaliland da ta ayyana kanta a ranar 1 ga Maris 2005 bayan lokacin alheri na kwanaki 120 wanda gwamnati ta bai wa jama'a don kawar da kayansu. Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta sanar da shawarar majalisar a cikin wata doka mai taken: "Harka shigo da kaya, samarwa da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin kasar". An yi wa jaka lakabi da "furewar Hargeysa", saboda da yawa daga cikinsu sun ƙare da hurawa kuma sun makale a cikin bishiyoyi da shrubs, suna haifar da haɗari ga dabbobi saboda dabbobin da ke cin ganyayyaki galibi suna cinye jaka ba zato ba tsammani. A cikin 2015 an sake maimaita haramcin ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. #JSL M XERM/249-3178/042015, sake samar da kwanaki 120 na alheri don kawar da hannun jari. Don tabbatar da aiwatar da haramcin, gwamnati ta kafa ƙungiyoyin tilasta aiki a cikin 2016 don gudanar da tafiye-tafiye na musamman waɗanda ke ƙaddamar da bincike a cikin ɗakunan kasuwanci. Akalla maza da mata 1000 a cikin tufafi da aka tura cikin manyan kasuwanni da manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Gwamnati ta sanar da tarar masu keta doka da ke ci gaba da sayar da jakunkunan filastik a kasar. Afirka ta Kudu Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar damuwa a Afirka ta Kudu kafin a gabatar da harajin jaka a shekara ta 2004. Ba a taɓa dakatar da jaka ba, amma an gabatar da haraji, wanda mai yin jakar filastik zai biya. Ana karɓar jakunkunan filastik masu kauri kuma kodayake wannan matakin da farko ya haifar da fushi tare da masu amfani da raguwa na farko a cikin ƙididdiga, amfani da masu amfani ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa zuwa jakunkunan sayen filastik biliyan da yawa a kowace shekara. Tanzania Gwamnatin Juyin Juya Halin Zanzibar ta haramta jakar filastik a shekarar 2005. Tanzania ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar a cikin shekara ta 2006. Koyaya, an jinkirta tabbatar da shi fiye da shekaru goma. A ƙarshe haramcin ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2019. Tunisiya Tunisia ta gabatar da haramtacciyar rarraba jakar filastik a cikin manyan kantuna tun daga 1 ga Maris 2017. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tsakanin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Muhalli da manyan sarkar manyan kantuna a kasar don aiwatar da matakin farko na tsari da nufin rage amfani da jaka na filastik. 'Yan gwagwarmayar Tunisia suna shirin kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a don kafa manufofi masu kyau a kasar. Uganda Uganda ta gabatar da doka a cikin 2007 don hana sayar da jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi a ƙarƙashin 30 m kauri da jakunkuna masu kauri a cikin kashi 120%. Kodayake dokokin sun fara aiki a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, ba a aiwatar da su ba kuma sun kasa rage yawan amfani da jakunkunan filastik. Ba a aiwatar da doka sosai ba. Asiya Bangladesh An gabatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a Bangladesh a shekara ta 2002 bayan ambaliyar ruwa da aka haifar da jakunkunan filastik da aka zubar da su ta mamaye kashi biyu bisa uku na kasar cikin ruwa tsakanin 1988 da 1998. Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar matsala ga tsarin sharar gida da hanyoyin ruwa. Cambodia Kambodiya ta zartar da doka don sanya harajin jakar filastik a watan Oktoba 2017. Supermarkets yanzu cajin abokan ciniki 400 Riels (10 US cents) ga kowane jakar filastik idan suna buƙatar ɗaya. China An gabatar da haramtacciyar jakar filastik a kan jakar filalastik mai laushi da kuma kuɗin a kan jakunkunan filastik da aka gabatar a kasar Sin a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2008. Wannan ya fara aiki ne saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da magudanar ruwa da sharar gida. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa amfani da jakar filastik ya fadi tsakanin 60 zuwa 80% a cikin manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin, kuma an yi amfani da jakunkuna biliyan 40. Koyaya, asusun farko sun nuna a sarari, haramcin ya ga iyakantaccen nasara, kuma cewa amfani da jaka na filastik ya kasance mai yawa. Masu sayar da tituna da ƙananan shagunan, waɗanda suka zama babban ɓangare na tallace-tallace a China, ba sa bin manufofin a wani ɓangare saboda matsalolin aiwatar da haramcin. Kalmar "farar fata gurɓata" (Sinanci: pinyin: baise wuran, ba sau da yawa shara" ya zama na gida ga China kuma daga baya zuwa Kudancin Asiya, yana jin daɗin amfani da karami a waje da yankin. Yana nufin launi na fararen jaka na sayen filastik, kwantena na styrofoam, da sauran kayan haske waɗanda suka fara juyawa a cikin girma a cikin filayen noma, wuri mai faɗi, da hanyoyin ruwa a tsakiyar- zuwa ƙarshen 1990s. Magana ta farko game da kalmar "farar gurɓata" ta bayyana a cikin harshen hukuma aƙalla tun farkon 1999, lokacin da Majalisar Jiha ta sanya haramtacciyar farko. Hong Kong Hong Kong ta haramta masu siyarwa daga ba da jakunkunan filastik a ƙarƙashin wani kauri kuma kyauta. An aiwatar da harajin jakar filastik na 50 cent a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2015 a fadin Hong Kong. Amfani da jaka na filastik ya ragu da kashi 90% bayan gabatar da harajin. Alamomi sun nuna cewa Hong Kong tana kawar da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin babban farashi. Indiya A shekara ta 2002, Indiya ta haramta samar da jakunkunan filastik a ƙasa da 20 m a kauri don hana jakunkunan roba daga toshe tsarin magudanar ruwa na birni da kuma hana shanu na Indiya cin jakunkunan Filastik yayin da suke rikitar da shi don abinci. Koyaya, tilasta aiki ya kasance matsala. Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi ta kuma zartar da ka'idoji don hana duk jakar polythene kasa da microns 50 a ranar 18 ga Maris 2016. Saboda rashin aiwatar da wannan ka'idar, hukumomin yanki (jihohi da kamfanonin birni), dole ne su aiwatar da nasu ka'idojin. A cikin 2016, Sikkim, jihar farko ta Indiya, ta haramta amfani da ba kawai kwalabe na ruwan sha ba a kowane taron gwamnati ko ayyuka har ma da kwantena na abinci da aka yi daga kumfa na polystyrene a duk fadin jihar. Himachal Pradesh ita ce jiha ta farko da ta haramta jakar filastik kasa da 30 m. Jihar Karnataka ta zama jiha ta farko da ta haramta duk nau'ikan jakar filastik, banners na filastik، buntings na filastic, flex, filastik flags, filastic plates, filastics cups, filakstik spoons, cling films da filastik sheets don yadawa a kan cin abinci teburin ciki har da abubuwan da ke sama da aka yi da thermacol da filastic micro beads wanda ke amfani da filastika. Jihar Goa ta haramta jaka har zuwa 40 m kauri, yayin da birnin Mumbai ya haramta jaka a ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin kauri zuwa 50 m. Gwamnatin jihar Maharashtra ta haramta filastik daga ranar 23 ga Yuni 2018. Gwamnatin jihar Tamil Nadu ta kuma haramta filastik daga ranar 1 ga Janairun 2019. Indonesia Daga 2016, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta tilasta wa 'yan kasuwa a cikin birane 23 a fadin tsibirin (mini-markets, hypermarkets, da supermarkets) su cajin masu amfani tsakanin Rp.200 da Rp.5,000 ga kowane jakar filastik, gami da jakar filalastik mai lalacewa. Ana amfani da kuɗin da harajin ya tara a matsayin kudaden jama'a don kula da sharar gida tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Tsibirin Bali ya haramta jakar filastik guda ɗaya, straws, da styrofoam, daga watan Yulin 2019. Sauran manyan birane, ciki har da Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Semarang da Bogor, tun daga lokacin sun haramta jakar filastik guda ɗaya. Isra'ila Tun daga watan Janairun 2017, ana buƙatar manyan 'yan kasuwa su cajin masu amfani don jakunkunan filastik tare da hannayensu, a NIS 0.10 don kowane jaka. Za a yi amfani da kudaden shiga na haraji don tallafawa shirye-shiryen kula da sharar gida na jama'a. Matsakaicin amfani da jaka na filastik a Isra'ila a cikin 2014 ya kasance 275 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Watanni huɗu bayan dokar ta fara aiki, yawan jakunkunan filastik da aka rarraba ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa masu bin doka sun ragu da kashi 80%. Philippines Philippines ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya a duniya a gurɓata teku duk da aikin kula da sharar gida wanda ya fara aiki shekaru 18 da suka gabata. Kokarin sarrafa filastik ya sami cikas saboda cin hanci da rashawa, rashin son siyasa, da yaduwa da kuma samun dama ga samfuran filastik masu amfani guda ɗaya. A shekara ta 2010, Muntinlupa ta zama karamar hukuma ta farko a Babban Birnin Kasa don hana jakar filastik da styrofoam a cikin shaguna. Wannan ya biyo bayan matakan a cikin biranen Las Piñas (2 Janairu 2012), Pasig (1 Janairu 2012). Quezon City (1 Satumba 2012, jaka don kuɗi), Pasay (1 Satumba, 2012, jaka don kuɗin), da Makati (30 Yuni, 2013). Biranen Metro Manila waɗanda suka jinkirta ɗora ka'idoji da haramtacciyar doka sun haɗa da Taguig, Caloocan, Malabon, Valenzuela, Navotas, San Juan da Parañaque, waɗanda ke da ɗaruruwan filastik da kamfanonin masana'antun roba. A cikin birni ɗaya, dangin magajin gari suna da fili na hekta 60 na "Plastic City Industrial". A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 2019, Sanata Francis Pangilinan ya gabatar da lissafin da ke neman fitar da kayayyakin filastik guda daya ta hanyar hana shigo da kayayyaki, masana'antu da amfani a wuraren abinci, shagunan, kasuwanni, da 'yan kasuwa. Singapore Za a buƙaci manyan kantuna a Singapore su caji aƙalla 5 cents a kowace jaka a cikin harajin jakar mai ɗaukar kaya daga tsakiyar 2023. Taiwan A watan Janairun shekara ta 2003, Taiwan ta haramta rarraba jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi kyauta. Hanawar ta hana masu mallakar shagunan sashen, manyan kantuna, manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki, shagunan kayan masarufi, gidajen cin abinci mai sauri da gidajen cin abincin yau da kullun daga samar da jakunkunan filastik kyauta ga abokan cinikin su. Yawancin shagunan sun maye gurbin filastik tare da akwatunan takarda da aka sake amfani da su. A shekara ta 2006, duk da haka, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar fara ba da izinin jakunkunan filastik kyauta ga masu ba da sabis na abinci. A watan Fabrairun 2018, Taiwan ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen hana jakunkunan filastik a digiri daban-daban, an haramta don amfani da su a cikin shagon ta 2019, wasu shagunan da aka haramta daga bayar da jakunkuna ta 2020, farashin ya karu tun daga 2025, sannan kuma 2030 haramtacciyar bargo na jakunkunan roba guda ɗaya, da kayan aiki guda ɗaya da kwantena.

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullalliyar%20Kasa

Kullalliyar Kasa

Ƙasar da ba ta da yankin da ke da alaƙa da teku ko kuma bakin teku ko harshen Teku ya gege ta. A halin yanzu akwai ƙasashe 44 da kuma Ƙasashe marasa cikakken ƴanci biyar da suke a tsakiyar ƙasashe kuma ba suyi iyaka da kowanne sashen na Teku ba. Kazakhstan ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya da ba ta da ruwa. A cikin 1990, akwai ƙasashe 30 ne kawai a duniya. Rushewar Tarayyar Sobiyat da Czechoslovakia wargajewar Yugoslavia ƙuri'ar raba gardama na ƴancin kai na Ossetia ta Kudu, da Eritrea, da Montenegro, da Sudan ta Kudu, da kuma Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk da ayyana ƴancin kai na Kosovo bai ɗaya ya haifar da sabbin ƙasashe 15 da ba su da tudu da kuma wasu jahohi 5 da aka amince da su ba su da tudu yayin da tsohuwar ƙasar Czechoslovakia ta daina wanzuwa a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1993. Gabaɗaya, zama kullalliyar ƙasa yana haifar da wasu naƙasu na siyasa da na tattalin arziki waɗanda samun damar shiga ruwan duniya zai gagara. Saboda haka, al’ummai manya da ƙanana a cikin tarihi sun yi ƙoƙari su sami ruwa mai yawa, har da kashe kuɗi mai yawa na dukiya, zubar da jini, da jarin siyasa Za'a iya rage lahanin tattalin arziƙin da ke cikin ƙasa ko kuma ya ta'azzara dangane da girman cigaba, kewaye hanyoyin kasuwanci da yancin ciniki, shingen harshe, da sauran la'akari. Wasu ƙasashe da ba su da ƙasa a Turai suna da wadata, irin su Andorra, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, San Marino, Switzerland, da Vatican City, waɗanda duk, ban da Luxembourg, memba na NATO, akai-akai yin aiki da tsaka tsaki a al'amuran siyasar duniya. Duk da haka, 32 daga cikin ƙasashe 44 da ba su da ƙasa, ciki har da dukan ƙasashen Afirka, Asiya, da Kudancin Amirka, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ware su a matsayin ƙasashe masu tasowa (LLDCs). Tara daga cikin ƙasashe goma sha biyu da ke da mafi ƙanƙanta Alamar Cigaban Ɗan Adam (HDI) ba su da ƙasa. Shirye-shiryen kasa da kasa suna da nufin rage rashin daidaito sakamakon batutuwa irin waɗannan, kamar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai ci gaba mai dorewa Goal 10, wanda ke da nufin rage rashin daidaito sosai nan da 2030. Muhimmanci A tarihance, kasancewa kullalliyar ƙasa yana da illa ga cigaban kasa. Yana katse wata al'umma daga muhimman albarkatun teku kamar kamun kifi, da kuma hana ko hana shiga cinikin teku kai tsaye, wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. Don haka, yankunan bakin teku, ko yankunan da ke cikin tekun da ke da damar shiga Tekun Duniya, sun kasance masu wadata da yawan jama'a fiye da yankunan da ba su da damar shiga Tekun Duniya. Paul Collier a cikin littafinsa mai suna The Bottom Billion yayi gardama cewa zama mara gida a wata unguwa mara kyau na daya daga cikin manyan “tarko” ci gaba guda hudu da za a iya rike kasa da su. Gabaɗaya, ya gano cewa idan maƙwabciyar ƙasa ta sami ci gaba mai kyau, ta kan kai ga ci gaba mai kyau ga ƙasar kanta. Ga ƙasashen da ba su da tudu, tasirin yana da ƙarfi musamman, saboda an iyakance su a harkar kasuwanci da sauran ƙasashen duniya. Ya ce, "Idan kana bakin teku, kana yi wa duniya hidima, idan ba ka da ƙasa, kana yi wa makwabtaka hidima." Wasu kuma sun yi nuni da cewa kasancewar babu kasa yana da fa’ida domin yana haifar da “shamakin farashi na dabi’a” da ke kare ktasar daga shigo da kayayyaki masu sauki. A wasu lokuta, wannan ya haifar da ingantaccen tsarin abinci na gida. Kullallun lsashe masu tasowa suna samun tsada sosai na jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasa da ƙasa idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe masu tasowa na bakin teku (a Asiya kasafin 3:1). Kafin tafiye-tafiyen jirgin sama ya bunkasa, tafiye-tafiyen fasinja kuma ya sami cikas, yana buƙatar wuce iyakokin iyaka don isa ga jiragen ruwa na fasinja na ƙasa da ƙasa, watakila tare da buƙatun biza. Matakan da za a guje wa zama marar gida Kasashe sun ɗauki matakin shawo kan rashin kasa ta hanyar samun kasa da ta isa teku: Jamhuriyar Ragusa, a cikin 1699, ta ba da garin Neum ga Daular Ottoman saboda ba ta son samun iyakar ƙasa da Jamhuriyar Venice Wannan ƙamar hukuma Bosnia da Herzegovina ta gaji kuma a yanzu tana ba da iyakataccen hanyar ruwa, ta raba yankin Croatian na gabar tekun Adriatic gida biyu. Tun da Bosnia da Herzegovina sabuwar ƙasa ce, ba a gina titin jirgin ƙasa da tashoshi ba don buƙatar ta. Babu tashar jiragen ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya tare da ɗan gajeren bakin teku a Neum, yana mai da shi yadda ya kamata ba tare da ƙasa ba, kodayake akwai shirye-shiryen canza wannan. Maimakon haka ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na Ploče a Croatia. Ƙungiyar Kongo ta Duniya, wadda ta mallaki yankin da ke zama Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo a yanzu, an ba da kyautar ƙasa mai ƙunci ta hanyar Angola don haɗa ta da teku ta taron Berlin a 1885. Bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, a cikin yarjejeniyar Versailles, wani yanki na Jamus ya ba da "hanyar Poland ga sabuwar Jamhuriyar Poland ta biyu, don shiga tekun Baltic Wannan ya ba Poland ɗan gajeren bakin teku, amma ba tare da babban tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Wannan kuma shine dalili na yin Danzig (yanzu Gdańsk tare da tashar jiragen ruwa na Free City of Danzig, wanda aka ba Poland damar shiga kyauta. Duk da haka, Jamusawa sun sanya cikas ga wannan damar shiga cikin 'yanci, musamman ma lokacin da ya shafi kayan soja. Dangane da mayar da martani, ƙaramin tashar kamun kifi na Gdynia ya ƙaru sosai. Sakamakon musayar yanki na 2005 tare da Ukraine, Moldova ta karɓi yankin bakin teku mai tsayin mita 600 (yadi 650) na Danube (wanda shine hanyar ruwa ta duniya daga baya ta gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Giurgiulești a can. Yarjejeniyar ciniki Kasashe na iya yin yarjejeniya kan samun jigilar kayayyaki kyauta ta ƙasashen maƙwabta: Yarjejeniyar Versailles ta buƙaci Jamus ta ba wa Czechoslovakia hayar shekaru 99 na sassan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Hamburg da Stettin, ba da damar cinikin tekun Czechoslovakia ta kogin Elbe da Oder Poland ta mamaye Stettin bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu, amma Hamburg ta ci gaba da kwangilar ta yadda wani bangare na tashar jiragen ruwa (a yanzu ake kira Moldauhafen har zuwa 2028 zai iya amfani da shi don cinikin teku ta magajin Czechoslovakia, Jamhuriyar Czech Danube hanya ce ta ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa, don haka Ostiriya, Hungary, Moldova, Serbia, da Slovakia suna da amintaccen damar shiga Tekun Bahar Rum (ana ba da damar iri ɗaya zuwa sassan cikin ƙasa na Jamus da Croatia, kodayake Jamus da Croatia ba su da ƙasa). Duk da haka, jiragen ruwa masu tafiya a cikin teku ba za su iya amfani da Danube ba, don haka dole ne a yi jigilar kaya ta wata hanya, kuma yawancin kayan da ake shigo da su zuwa kasashen Ostiriya da Hungary suna amfani da sufuri na kasa daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Atlantic da Mediterranean. Irin wannan yanayin ya kasance ga kogin Rhine inda Switzerland ke da hanyar shiga jirgin ruwa, amma ba jiragen ruwa ba. Luxembourg yana da irin wannan ta hanyar Moselle, amma Liechtenstein ba shi da hanyar shiga jirgin ruwa, ko da yake yana kusa da Rhine, saboda Rhine ba shi da tafiya zuwa sama. Mekong wata hanya ce ta ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta yadda Laos maras kankara ta sami damar shiga Tekun Kudancin China (tunda Laos ta sami ƴancin kai daga Indochina na Faransa Duk da haka, ba za a iya kewayawa sama da Khon Phhapheng Falls Tashoshi masu kyauta suna ba da damar jigilar kaya zuwa jiragen ruwa masu nisa ko tasoshin kogi. Yarjejeniyar TIR ta ba da damar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ba tare da cajin kwastan ba, galibi a Turai. Sakamakon siyasa Rasa hanyar shiga teku gabaɗaya babbar asara ce ga al'umma, ta fuskar siyasa, ta soja, da tattalin arziki. Waɗannan su ne misalan ƙasashen da ba su da tudu. Yancin Eritrea, wanda yakin 30 na ƴancin kai na Eritriya ya kawo, ya sa Habasha ta zama marar ruwa a cikin 1991. Sojojin ruwa na Habasha sun yi aiki daga tashar jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje na wasu ƙarin shekaru. Matakin da Montenegro ya yanke na yin watsi da Ƙungiyar Jiha ta Sabiya da Montenegro ya sa ƙungiyar tarayya ta Sabiya ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta a halin yanzu Bolivia ta rasa iyakarta zuwa Chile a yakin Pacific kuma ta yarda da ita a cikin yarjejeniyoyin da aka sanya hannu a cikin 1884 da 1904. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙarshe ta ba da wuraren ajiyar tashar jiragen ruwa da kulawa ta musamman don jigilar kayayyaki daga da zuwa Bolivia ta tashar jiragen ruwa da ƙasa na Chile. Kasashen Peru da Argentina kuma sun ba da kulawa ta musamman ga jigilar kayayyaki. Jirgin ruwan Bolivian mai cike da ruwa, wanda bai wanzu a lokacin Yaƙin Pacific, an ƙirƙira shi daga baya kuma duka jiragen ƙasa kuma suna aiki a tafkin Titicaca da koguna. Al'ummar Bolivia a kowace shekara suna bikin Dia del Mar mai kishin ƙasa (Ranar Teku) don tunawa da asarar yankin da ta yi, wanda ya haɗa da birnin Antofagasta da ke bakin teku da kuma abin da ya tabbatar da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan ma'auni na tagulla a duniya. A farkon karni na 21, zaɓin hanyar bututun iskar gas daga Bolivia zuwa teku ya haifar da tashin hankalin jama'a, yayin da mutane ke adawa da zaɓi na shimfida bututun ta cikin yankin Chile. Ostiriya da Hungary suma sun rasa damar shiga tekun sakamakon yarjejeniyar Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) da Yarjejeniyar Trianon (1920) bi da bi. A baya can, ko da yake Croatia tana da iyakacin ikon mulkin mallaka a cikin Masarautar Hungary, birnin Fiume Rijeka a bakin tekun Croatian an gudanar da shi kai tsaye daga Budapest ta wani gwamna da aka nada a matsayin wani yanki na corpus, don samar wa Hungary da tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasa da kasa kawai a cikin lokutan. 1779-1813, 1822-1848 da 1868-1918. Mafi mahimmancin tashar jiragen ruwa a Austria sune Trieste da Pula, yanzu a Italiya da Croatia. A shekara ta 1801, mulkin Nizam na Jihar Hyderabad ya ɗauki siffar da ake tunawa da shi a yanzu: na wata ƙasa mai sarauta mai ƙasa da yankuna a tsakiyar Deccan, wanda Birtaniya ta Indiya ta yi iyaka da kowane bangare, yayin da shekaru 150 a baya tana da babban bakin teku a kan Tekun Bengal wanda turawan Ingila suka hade. Mai yiyuwa ne daya daga cikin musabbabin yakin Paraguay shi ne rashin samun damar shiga teku kai tsaye na Paraguay (ko da yake ana takaddama; duba labarin da aka danganta). Lokacin da Entente Powers suka raba tsohuwar daular Ottoman karkashin yarjejeniyar Sèvres a ƙarshen yakin duniya na 1, an yi wa Armeniya alkawarin wani yanki na Trebizond vilayet (wanda ya yi daidai da lardunan Trabzon da Rize na zamani a Turkiyya Wannan zai ba Armeniya damar shiga Tekun Bahar Duk da haka, yerjejeniyar Sèvres ta ruguje tare da Yaƙin ƴancin kai na Turkiyya kuma yerjejeniyar Lausanne (1923) ta maye gurbinta, wadda ta tabbatar da mulkin Turkiyya a yankin. A cikin 2011, Sudan ta Kudu ta balle daga Sudan, wanda ya sa na farko ya zama marar ruwa. Har yanzu dai ana ci gaba da samun rikici kan rijiyoyin mai a Sudan ta Kudu tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan dokar teku a yanzu ta bai wa kasar da ba ta da tudu damar shiga da fita daga cikin teku ba tare da biyan harajin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta jihohi ba. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana da shirin aiwatar da ayyuka don taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa marasa iyaka, kuma Babban Sakatare-Janar na yanzu shine Anwarul Karim Chowdhury Wasu ƙasashe suna da dogon bakin teku, amma yawancinsa ƙila ba za a iya amfani da su cikin sauƙi don kasuwanci da kasuwanci ba. Alal misali, a farkon tarihinta, tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha kawai suna kan Tekun Arctic kuma an rufe su a yawancin shekara. Burin samun iko da tashar ruwa mai dumi shine babban abin da ya motsa Rasha ta fadada zuwa Tekun Baltic, Bahar Black, da Tekun Fasifik A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, wasu ƙasashen da ba su da tudu na iya samun damar shiga tekun tare da faffadan kogunan da za su iya kewayawa. Alal misali, Paraguay (da Bolivia zuwa ƙarami) suna samun damar shiga teku ta kogin Paraguay da Paraná Ƙasashe da yawa suna da bakin teku a kan gawawwakin ruwa marasa ƙarfi, kamar Tekun Caspian da Tekun Gishiri Tun da yake waɗannan tekuna suna cikin tasirin tafkuna ba tare da samun damar yin ciniki mai zurfi ba, har yanzu ana ɗaukar ƙasashe irin su Kazakhstan a matsayin marasa ruwa. Kodayake Tekun Caspian yana da alaƙa da Bahar Black ta hanyar Canal Volga-Don da mutum ya yi, manyan jiragen ruwa masu tafiya cikin teku ba su iya wucewa. Da digiri Ƙasashen da ba su da tudu na iya zama iyaka da wata ƙasa guda da ke da damar shiga teku kai tsaye, biyu ko fiye da irin waɗannan ƙasashe, ko kuma a kewaye su da wasu ƙasashe marasa tudu, wanda hakan zai sa ƙasar ta kasance mai ninki biyu. Ƙasar da ƙasa ɗaya ce ta kulle ta Ƙasashe uku a duniya kullallun ƙasashe ne waɗanda ƙasa ɗaya ce kadai ta kulle su (kewayayyun ƙasashe): Lesotho, ƙasa ce da Afirka ta Kudu ta kewaye San Marino, ƙasa ce da Italiya ke kewaye. Vatican City, ƙasa ce da Italiya ke kewaye da ita musamman Rome Ƙasar da ƙasashe biyu suka kulle ta Ƙasashe bakwai da ba su da ƙasa suna kewaye da maƙwabta biyu kacal da ke da iyaka da juna (ƙasashen da ba su da iyaka): Andorra (tsakanin Faransa da Spain Bhutan (tsakanin China da Indiya Eswatini (tsakanin Mozambique da Afirka ta Kudu Liechtenstein (ɗaya daga cikin "ƙasashen da ba su da ƙasa biyu", tsakanin Austria da Switzerland Moldova (idan watsi da Transnistria da ba a san shi ba, tsakanin Romania da Ukraine Mongolia (tsakanin China da Rasha Nepal (tsakanin China da Indiya Zuwa wannan rukunin za a iya ƙara yankuna uku da ba su da ƙasa, biyu daga cikinsu jihohi ne na gaskiya waɗanda ba su da cikakken ƴanci: Kudancin Ossetia (tsakanin Jojiya da Rasha jihar de facto Transnistria (tsakanin Moldova da Ukraine de facto jihar Yammacin Kogin Jordan (tsakanin Isra'ila da Jordan yankin da gwamnatin Falasdinu ke gudanarwa a wani ɓangare Mai ƙasa sau biyu Ƙasa tana da "ƙasa sau biyu" ko "ba ta da ƙasa sau biyu" idan aka kewaye ta da ƙasashen da ba su da ƙasa kawai (suna buƙatar haye kan iyakokin ƙasa aƙalla biyu don isa bakin teku). Akwai irin waɗannan ƙasashe guda biyu: Liechtenstein a tsakiyar Turai, Austria da Switzerland kewaye. Uzbekistan a tsakiyar Asiya, kewaye da Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, da Turkmenistan Zuwa wannan rukunin za a iya ƙara yanki guda ɗaya wanda ba shi da ƙasa sau biyu wanda ke da gaskiya ba tare da sanin ko iyaka na duniya ba Artsakh (wanda kuma aka sani da Jamhuriyar Nagorno-Karabakh a cikin Caucasus, gabaɗaya Azerbaijan ta kewaye shi sai dai wata ƴar ƴar ƴan taɗi na ƙasa zuwa Armeniya wadda ke ƙarƙashin ikon dakarun wanzar da zaman lafiya na Rasha. A da tana kan iyaka da Armeniya da Iran, ta zama marar iyaka sau biyu saboda asarar yankuna da aka sha yayin yakin Nagorno-Karabakh na 2020 Bayan rugujewar Daular Roman Mai Tsarki, Masarautar Württemberg ta zama ƙasa mai ninki biyu, tana iyaka da Bavaria, Baden, Switzerland, Grand Duchy na Hesse Wimpfen exclave), Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, da Hohenzollern-Hechingen Na biyun sun kasance ba tare da ƙasa ba tsakanin juna, Württemberg da Baden. A cikin 1866 sun zama wani yanki na Prussia, suna ba Württemberg iyaka da wata ƙasa ta bakin teku amma duk wata hanya zuwa gaɓar teku za ta iya kaiwa aƙalla iyakoki biyu. Birnin Frankfurt na 'yanci wanda ke da ƴancin kai tsakanin 1815 zuwa 1866 ya kasance marar iyaka sau biyu yayin da yake kan iyaka da Zaɓaɓɓen Hesse, Grand Duchy na Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, da Nassau A cikin Tarayyar Jamus akwai wasu jahohi da dama da ba su da ƙasa waɗanda kawai ke da iyaka da jihohin da ba su da ƙasa da kuma wuraren da ba su da ƙasa na jihohin bakin teku: Grand Duchy na Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, Nassau (duk har zuwa 1866), Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Saxe-Hildburghausen (duka biyun). har zuwa 1826), da Reuss, layin dattijo (har zuwa 1871). Duk waɗannan sun yi iyaka da Prussia amma ba babban yankin da ke da damar shiga teku ba. Babu ƙasashen da ƙasa biyu ce ta kulle su daga haɗewar Jamus a 1871 har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin duniya na ɗaya Liechtenstein ta yi iyaka da daular Austro-Hungarian, wacce ke da gabar tekun Adriatic, sannan Uzbekistan ta kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Rasha, wacce ke da damar shiga teku da teku. Tare da rushe Austria-Hungary a cikin 1918 da ƙirƙirar Ostiriya mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta, Liechtenstein ta zama ƙasa ɗaya tilo mai ninki biyu har zuwa 1938. A cikin Anschluss waccan shekarar, Ostiriya ta shiga cikin Nazi Jamus, wanda ke da iyaka a Tekun Baltic da Tekun Arewa. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Ostiriya ta sake samun ƴancin kai kuma Liechtenstein ta sake zama marar gida biyu. Uzbekistan, wacce ta kasance wani bangare na Daular Rasha sannan kuma Tarayyar Sobiyet, ta sami ƴancin kanta tare da wargajewar karshen a shekarar 1991 kuma ta zama kasa ta biyu mai ninki biyu. Duk da haka, matsayin Uzbekistan sau biyu ba tare da izini ba ya dogara ne akan taƙaddama matsayi na Tekun Caspian wasu ƙasashe, musamman Iran da Turkmenistan, suna da'awar cewa Tekun Caspian ya kamata a la'akari da shi a matsayin teku na gaske (musamman saboda ta wannan hanyar za su sami manyan filayen mai da iskar gas wanda zai sa Uzbekistan ta zama ƙasa mai sauƙi marar iyaka tun lokacin da maƙwabtan Turkmenistan da Kazakhstan ke samun damar shiga Tekun Caspian. Jerin kullallun ƙasashe da wasu jahohin da ba a san su ba Has a coastline on the saltwater Caspian Sea Not fully recognized Landlocked by a single country Doubly landlocked Ana iya haɗa su cikin rukunoni masu zuwa kamar haka: Tarin Gabas, Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka (10): Burkina Faso, Burundi, Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka, Chadi, Habasha, Mali, Nijar, Ruwanda, Sudan ta Kudu, da Uganda Tarin Gabas, Kudancin, da Yammacin Turai (9): Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Kosovo (an gane da su), Liechtenstein, Arewacin Macedonia, Serbia, Slovakia, da Switzerland Tari na Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya (6): Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, da Uzbekistan Tarin Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (4): Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, da Zimbabwe Rukunin Kudancin Amurka (2): Bolivia da Paraguay Rukunin Yammacin Asiya (2): Armeniya da Azerbaijan Lura: Idan an haɗa Artsakh (ba a san shi ba), to, Armeniya, Artsakh, da Azerbaijan sun kafa ƙungiyar Yammacin Asiya maimakon. Idan Transnistria (ba a gane shi ba) an haɗa shi, to Moldova da Transnistria sun kafa nasu rukunin Gabashin Turai. Idan ba don ba na bakin teku a Moanda, DR Congo za ta haɗu da gungu na Afirka guda biyu zuwa ɗaya, wanda zai zama babban gungu mafi girma a duniya. Ana iya la'akari da gungu na Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya da kuma rukunin Yammacin Asiya masu jujjuyawa, tare da Tekun Caspian mara ƙasa Mongoliya kusan wani yanki ne na wannan gungu kuma, an raba shi da Kazakhstan da kawai, a faɗin ƙasar Sin ko Rasha. Akwai kasashe 14 masu zuwa "guda ɗaya" marasa iyaka (kowace ɗayansu ba ta da iyaka da wata ƙasa): Turai (7): Andorra, Belarus, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk (wanda aka sani da shi), Luxembourg, Moldova, San Marino, da Vatican City Mai Tsarki Mai Tsarki Asiya (5): Bhutan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, da Kudancin Ossetia (an san da su) Afirka (2): Eswatini da Lesotho Kullallun ƙasashe ta nahiya Idan ana ƙirga Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, da Kudancin Ossetia a matsayin wani yanki na Turai, to Turai ce ke da mafi yawan kullallun ƙasashe 19, gami da jahohi uku da aka sani ba su da ƙasa. Idan an haɗa waɗannan ƙasashe uku masu wucewa a cikin Asiya, to, Afirka da Turai sun fi yawa, a 16. Dangane da matsayin Yammacin Kogin Jordan da kasashe uku masu wucewa, Asiya tana da tsakanin 11 da 15, gami da jihar Artsakh da ba a san ta ba. Amurka ta Kudu tana da kasashe biyu kacal. Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya su ne kawai nahiyoyin da ba su da ƙasa (ban da Antarctica, wadda ba ta da ƙasa). Oceania (wanda yawanci ba a la'akari da nahiya ba amma yanki ne na yanki) kuma ba shi da kullalliyar ƙasa. Ban da Papua New Guinea, wanda ke da iyaka da Indonesia (ƙasa mai wucewa), duk sauran ƙasashe a cikin Oceania ƙasashen tsibiri ne ba tare da iyakar ƙasa ba. Duk kullallun ƙasashe banda Bolivia da Paraguay suna cikin Afro-Eurasia Ko da yake wasu ƙasashen tsibirin suna raba aƙalla iyakar ƙasa ɗaya da wata ƙasa, babu ɗayansu da ba shi da ƙasa. Nassoshi Amurka Afirka Ƙasashe Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhari%20District

Zhari District

Zhari gunduma ce a lardin Kandahar, a ƙasar Afganistan. Madadin rubutun kalmomi sun haɗa da Zheley (saboda fassarar fassarar daga Pashto Zharey, Zharay, Zheri, ko Zheray An kirkiro gundumar a cikin 2004 daga ƙasar da a da ta kasance yanki na gundumar Maywan da Panjwai An kiyasta yawan jama'a a 80,700 (2010). Geography Zhari yana kan iyakar arewacin kogin Arghandab, wanda ke tafiya gabas zuwa yamma ta lardin Kandahar. Babban yankin wani lokaci ana kiransa da Arghandab Valley. Yankin da aka gina da kuma noma na Zhari ya kai kusan 30 km gabas zuwa yamma da 8 km arewa zuwa kudu, tsakanin kogi da Babbar Hanya 1 Yawancin gine-ginen gine-ginen laka ne mai bene guda, tare da kunkuntar, tituna masu jujjuyawa da hanyoyin tafiya. Banda su ne bukkoki na bushewar inabi, waɗanda manyan gine-gine ne, waɗanda tsayin su ya kai mita 20, sun watsu a cikin karkara. Inabi, opium poppies da cannabis (na hashish sune mafi yawan amfanin gona. Ana shayar da filayen noma ne ta hanyar hadadden tsarin wadis da ke tafiya daidai da kogin Arghandab. Yankin arewacin Babbar Hanya 1 ya fi hamada-kamar tare da tsaunukan tsaunuka masu tsayi na kusan 200-400m tsayi. Tarihi An ƙirƙiri gundumar daga ƙasar da a da ta kasance yanki na gundumar Maywan da Panjwai a cikin 2004. Shugaba Hamid Karzai ne ya kirkiro shi a matsayin tukuici ga Habibullah Jan, shugaban yakin Alizai wanda ya taimaka wajen fatattakar 'yan Taliban a Kandahar Siyasa Shurah ita ce tushen tsarin mulki a Zhari. Halin kabilanci na gundumar ba shi da bambanci da siyasa, yana sa tsarin yanke shawara ya zama mai wahala da ɗaukar lokaci. Cibiyar gundumar Zhari, wurin zama na gwamnati ga gundumar, tana kusa da Pasab Bazaar a Pasab Cibiyar gundumar kuma tana kusa da Forward Operating Base Pasab (FOB Pasab), wani tsohon sansanin sojojin hadin gwiwa wanda yanzu ke karkashin kulawar Jami'an tsaron Afghanistan Jamal Agha shi ne gwamnan gundumar tun daga ranar 28 ga Maris 2015. Muhammed Naez Sarhadi da Karim Jan sun kasance gwamnonin baya. Mohammad Masoum Khan yana jagorantar rundunar 'yan sandan Afghanistan a gundumar har zuwa 26 ga Janairu 2015. Kabilu Yawancin mutanen Zhari 'yan kabilar Pashtun ne. Akwai aƙalla ƙabilu goma sha biyu, waɗanda suka fi yawa su ne Alizai, Achakzai, Noorzai da Ghilzai Yawancin kabilun makiyaya suna ratsa yankunan arewacin Zhari tsakanin gundumar Maywan da Arghandab Karamar hukuma Yanayin siyasa na Zhari yana canzawa bisa lokaci. Yawancin ƙananan ƙauyuka suna ɗauke da sunan dattijon yankin. Tarin waɗannan ƙananan ƙauyuka ana iya siffanta su da sako-sako a matsayin gundumomi. A halin yanzu Zhari yana da gundumomi masu zuwa: Na Kariz Nalgham Sangsar Kolk Gariban Siah Choy Sablaghay Pashmul Asakeh Sanzari Rikici, 2001-2021 NATO da ISAF na ci gaba da kokarin tallafawa gwamnatin Karzai da murkushe 'yan tawaye. Taliban tana da tushe sosai a cikin tarihin Zhari da ƙoƙarin yin tasiri ta hanyar tsarin mullah da dattawa (duba Tadawar Taliban Lamarin dai na dada sarkakiya daga bangaren masu fada a ji da masu aikata laifuka wadanda kuma suke kokarin rage karfin gwamnati a yankin don cimma wata manufa tasu. A 2 A ranar 18 ga watan Oktoban shekarar 2006 ne jiragen saman NATO suka kai farmakin, inda suke farautar mayakan Taliban, da ke da nisan mil mil daga wurin Operation Medusa na watan Satumba na 2006, daya daga cikin fadace-fadacen da aka yi tsakanin sojojin kasashen Yamma da masu tayar da kayar baya tun bayan hambarar da gwamnatin Taliban a 2001. A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2013, an kashe sojojin Amurka na musamman 4 tare da raunata 12 a wani samame da aka kai a gundumar Zhari. Wasu bama-bamai da wani dan kunar bakin wake ne suka kashe sojojin kawancen. Wani mai magana da yawun Taliban ya yi ikirarin cewa an sanya ababen fashewa ne a cikin wani gida tare da tayar da su lokacin da sojoji suka shiga. Yayin da wasu sojoji suka shiga domin taimakawa wadanda suka mutu, wani dan kunar bakin wake ya tayar da bam din da ke jikinsa. Duba kuma Khosrow Sofla Tarok Kolache Nassoshi Hanyoyin haɗi na waje Taswirar sassan da ke da yawan jama'a da iyakokin gundumar, Cibiyar Nazarin Yaƙi Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

58070

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarjejeniyar%20Epe

Yarjejeniyar Epe

Yarjejeniyar Epe yarjejeniya ce tsakanin Burtaniya (wanda Benjamin Campbell,Consul a Legas da Thomas Miller Kwamandan HMS Crane ya wakilta) da Kosoko a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1854. Fage A ranar 26 ga Disamba 1851,a wani abin da a yanzu ake kira Bombardment of Lagos ko Reduction of Lagos Biritaniya ta shiga cikin siyasar Legas ta hanyar aiwatar da hukuncin sojan ruwa a kan Kosoko,lokacin Oba na Legas,ta kore shi,tare da dora Oba Akitoye wanda ya yi alkawarin rungumar sokewar.A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1852 Akitoye ya rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniya tsakanin Burtaniya da Legas na kawar da cinikin bayi. Kosoko ya gudu zuwa Epe ya gina sansani mai zaman kansa tare da mayaka kusan 400 tare da kai hare-hare da yawa a Legas;daya a ranar 5 ga watan Agustan 1853 da wani a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan 1853 wanda ya zo kusa da fadar Oba cikin hadari amma ya ki amincewa a daidai lokacin da wata gobara ta tashi daga sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya karkashin kwamandan Phillips na HMS Polyphemus. Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa,Kosoko ya sanya hannu kan yerjejeniyar Epe a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1854 tare da Consul Benjamin Campbell,inda ya amince da kada ya yi wani iƙirari ga Legas ko kuma ya kawo barazana ga kasuwanci a LegasYarjejeniyar ta kasance nasara ta dabara ga Kosoko wanda ya sa Birtaniya ta amince da jiharsa a Epe.A babban hoto,sarautar Legas ta kasance ba ta isa ba tare da kafuwar zuriyar Akitoye da Dosunmu. Rubutun yarjejeniya An rubuta rubutun yarjejeniyar a ƙasa:<blockquote>Yarjejeniyar da aka kulla a wannan rana ta 28 ga Satumbar 1854 tsakanin Kosoko da Sarakunansa da Hakimai da Hakimai,da Benjamin Campbell ya nemi jakadan Birtaniyya na Bight of Benin,da Thomas Miller Esquire Kwamandan HMS Sloop “Crane” Babban Jami’in Bights na Benin da Biafra.</br> </br>1st. Kosoko Sarakunansa da Sarakunansa sun yi alkawarin ba za su yi wani yunƙuri na maido da birnin Legas ta hanyar barazana,tashin hankali ko daba</br> </br>Na biyu. Kosoko ya Caboceers da Chiefs da'awar Palma,a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci,da Benjamin Campbell Esquire Her Brittanic Majesty's Consul,da Thomas Miller Esquire Kwamandan da Babban Hafsan Sojan Ruwa a Bights,sun tsunduma don gane Palma,a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa na Kosoko da Caboceers da kuma.Shugabanni, don duk dalilai na halaltaccen ciniki.</br </br> 3r. Kosoko Sarakunansa da Sarakunansa sun yi alkawarin yin watsi da cinikin bayi,wato fitar da bayi daga Afirka,haka nan ba za su kyale duk wani mai cinikin bayi ya zauna a tashar jiragen ruwa ko wani wurin da ke karkashin ikonsu da tasirinsa ba.</br> </br> 4th.Kosoko Sarakunansa da Sarakunansa sun daure kansu don ba da kowace kariya da taimako ga irin wadannan 'yan kasuwa da 'yan kasuwa da ke son zama a cikin su don ci gaba da kasuwanci na halal da kuma taimakawa karamin jakadan Burtaniya don sake bude kasuwanni a gabar tekun Jaboo.Agienu,Ecorodu, da Aboyee,da kuma tabbatar da tsaro da tsaro a kasuwannin.</br> </br> 5th.Za a ba da haraji a tashar jiragen ruwa na Palma,harajin fitarwa na kanwar shanu guda ɗaya ga kowane Puncheon na Man dabino na matsakaicin girman galan ɗari da ashirin da igiyoyin saniya guda biyu a kowace lb. domin amfanin Kosoko.</br> </br> 6 ta. Benjamin Campbell Esquire Jakadanta na Brittanic ya yi aiki a madadin Gwamnatin Mai Martaba cewa saboda cikar wannan alkawari na Kosoko da Sarakunansa da Sarakunansa,Gwamnatin Mai Martaba za ta biya Kosoko alawus na shekara-shekara don rayuwarsa Kawuna dubu biyu na shanu ko dala dubu a zabinsa.</br> </br> 7th. Wannan alkawari zai kasance mai cikakken ƙarfi da tasiri tun daga yau har zuwa lokacin da Gwamnatin Mai Martaba ta Biritaniya ta soke.</br> </br> 7th. Wannan alkawari zai kasance mai cikakken ƙarfi da tasiri tun daga yau har zuwa lokacin da Gwamnatin Mai Martaba ta Biritaniya ta soke.</br> </br> Shiga Lagoon a Appe wannan ranar 28 ga Satumba 1854</br> Kosoko X</br> Oloosema X</br> Oloto X</br> Pelleu X</br> Agenia X</br> Bosoopo </br> Agagoo X</br> Obatchi X</br> Whydobah X</br> Bagaloo </br> Apsee </br> Oleesau X</br> Etti X</br> Lomosa X</br> Otcheodee X </br> Campbell.</b> To. Miller (Kwamandan HMS 'Crane' da Babban Jami'in Fafutukar Benin da Biafra) A gaban</br> Herbert L. Ryves, Lieut. Kwamandan 'Minx'</br> WP Braund, Jagora HMS 'Crane'</br> Francis Wm. Davis, Mataimakin Likita, 'Minx'</br> Geo. Bat. Scala, dan kasuwan Legas</br> WR Hansen, dan kasuwan Legas</br> Jose Pedro da Cousta Roy, dan kasuwan Legas</br> SB Williams, dan kasuwan Legas kuma mai

29863

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokar%20ingancin%20ruwa

Dokar ingancin ruwa

Dokokin ingancin ruwa suna kula da kare albarkatun ruwa don lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Dokokin ingancin ruwa ƙa'idodi ne na doka ko buƙatun da ke kula da ingancin ruwa, wato, yawan gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙarar ruwa. Irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi gabaɗaya a na bayyana su a zaman matakan ƙayyadaddun gurɓataccen ruwa (ko sinadarai, na zahiri, na halitta, ko na rediyo) waɗanda ake ganin an yarda da su a cikin ƙarar ruwa, kuma gabaɗaya an ƙirƙira su dangane da abin da aka yi niyyar amfani da ruwan na amfanin ɗan adam, masana'antu ko amfani da gida, nishaɗi, ko matsayin wurin zama na ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan dokokin suna ba da ƙa'idodi game da canjin sinadarai, jiki, radiyo, da halayen halittu na albarkatun ruwa. Ƙoƙari na tsari na iya haɗawa da ganowa da rarraba gurɓataccen ruwa, ƙididdige yawan gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin albarkatun ruwa, da iyakance fitar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Wuraren da aka tsara sun haɗa da gyaran najasa da zubar da ruwa, sarrafa ruwan sharar masana'antu da noma, da sarrafa kwararar ruwa daga wuraren gine-gine da wuraren birane. Dokokin ingancin ruwa suna ba da tushe ga ƙa'idodi a cikin ma'aunin ruwa, saka idanu, dubawa da izini da ake buƙata, da aiwatarwa. A na iya canza waɗannan dokokin don biyan buƙatu na yanzu da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa. Ruwan da aka ƙayyade Ruwan ruwa na Duniya yana ko'ina, ruwa, da kuma haɗaɗɗun. A cikin zagayowar ruwa, ruwa na zahiri yana motsawa ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin siyasa tsakanin yanayin duniya, saman ƙasa, da ƙasa ba, ta hanyar tashoshi na halitta da na mutum. Ruwan da aka ƙayyade Dokokin ingancin ruwa sun bayyana ɓangaren wannan hadadden tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar tsari. Hukunce-hukuncen tsari na iya kasancewa tare da iyakoki na siyasa (misali, wasu nauyin yarjejeniya na iya shafi gurbatar ruwa a duk ruwan duniya). Wasu dokoki na iya aiki ne kawai ga wani yanki na ruwa da ke cikin iyakokin siyasa (misali, dokar ƙasa wacce ta shafi ruwan saman da ake kewayawa kawai), ko ga wani nau'in ruwa na musamman (misali, albarkatun ruwan sha). Ruwan da ba a ƙayyade ba Yankunan da ruwan da aka kayyade bai rufe ba. Bugu da ƙari, ruwa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin ƙetare. Ko da a cikin hukunce-hukuncen hukunce-hukunce, sarƙaƙƙiya na iya tasowa inda ruwa ke gudana tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa, ko kuma ya cika ƙasa ba tare da mamaye ta na dindindin ba. Rabe-raben gurbataccen ruwa Dokokin ingancin ruwa sun gano abubuwa da kuzari waɗanda suka cancanci a matsayin gurɓataccen ruwa don dalilai na ƙarin sarrafawa. Daga tsarin tsari, wannan yana buƙatar ayyana nau'ikan kayan da suka cancanci gurɓatawa, da ayyukan da ke canza abu zuwa gurɓataccen abu. Hukumomin gudanarwa na iya amfani da ma'anoni don nuna yanke shawara na manufofi, ban da wasu nau'ikan kayan aiki daga ma'anar gurbatar ruwa wanda in ba haka ba za a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin gurɓataccen ruwa. Misali, Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa ta Amurka (CWA) ta ayyana gurɓacewar ruwa” (watau gurɓataccen ruwa) a sarari don haɗawa da duk wani “wanda mutum ya yi ko ɗan adam ya jawo canjin sinadarai, na zahiri, na halitta, da na rediyo. ruwa." Koyaya, Dokar ta ayyana “masu gurɓatawa” da ke ƙarƙashin ikonta musamman, kamar yadda “ganin ɓarna, ƙazamin sharar gida, ragowar incinerator, tacewa baya, najasa, datti, sludge najasa, alburusai, sharar sinadarai, kayan halitta, kayan aikin rediyo [tare da wasu keɓancewa.], zafi, tarkace ko kayan aikin da aka jefar, dutsen, yashi, dattin cellar da masana'antu, gundumomi, da sharar aikin gona da aka fitar cikin ruwa." Wannan ma'anar ta fara bayyana duka azuzuwan ko nau'ikan kayan (misali, sharar gida) da kuzari (misali, zafi) waɗanda zasu iya zama gurɓataccen ruwa, kuma yana nuna lokacin da in ba haka ba kayan amfani zasu iya canza su zuwa gurɓatawa don dalilai na tsari: lokacin. ana “zuba su cikin ruwa,” an ayyana su a wani wuri a matsayin “ƙara” na kayan zuwa ruwan da aka tsara. An keɓe ma'anar CWA don najasa da aka fitar daga wasu nau'ikan tasoshin, ma'ana cewa gurɓataccen ruwa na gama-gari kuma mai mahimmanci, a ma'anarsa, ba a ɗaukarsa gurɓatacce don dalilai na dokar ingancin ruwa ta farko ta Amurka. (Dubi Dokar ƙazantar da jirgin ruwa a Amurka Koda yake gurɓataccen yanayi yana ƙarƙashin ƙa'ida a ƙarƙashin CWA, tambayoyin ma'anar sun haifar da ƙararraki, ciki har da ko ruwa da kansa zai iya cancanta a matsayin "ƙazanta" (misali, ƙara ruwan dumi zuwa rafi). Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yi magana game da waɗannan batutuwa a gundumar Kula da Ambaliyar Ruwa ta Los Angeles v. Majalisar Tsaron Albarkatun Kasa, Inc. (2013). Matsayin ingancin ruwa Matsayin ingancin ruwa na yanayi Ƙayyade ma'aunin ingancin ruwan da ya dace gabaɗaya yana buƙatar sabbin bayanai na kimiyya game da lafiya ko tasirin muhalli na gurɓataccen abu da ake bitar ta hanyar ma'aunin ingancin ruwa. Sharuɗɗan ingancin ruwa sun haɗa da saitattun alamomi waɗanda ke tantance ko ruwa ba shi da aminci ga lafiyar ɗan adam ko namun daji bisa bayanan kimiyya. Bayanan kimiyya sun haɗa da abubuwan da za a iya aunawa kamar zafin jiki, narkar da iskar oxygen, abinci mai gina jiki, sinadarai masu guba, gurɓataccen abu, ƙarfe mai nauyi, gurɓataccen ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, abubuwan rediyoaktif, da sediments. Ma'auni na ingancin ruwa na iya buƙatar lokaci-lokaci ko ci gaba da lura da jikin ruwa. Dangane da ma'auni, yanke shawara akan ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa na iya canzawa don haɗawa da la'akari da siyasa, kamar tsadar tattalin arziki da fa'idodin yarda. Misali, {asar Amirka na amfani da ma'aunin ingancin ruwa a matsayin wani ~angare na ka'idojinta na ingancin ruwan saman qarqashin CWA. Shirin Ma'aunin ingancin Ruwa na ƙasa (WQS) yana farawa da jihohin Amurka waɗanda ke zayyana abubuwan da aka yi niyya (misali, nishaɗi, ruwan sha, wurin zama) don rukunin ruwan saman, bayan haka sun haɓaka ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa na tushen kimiyya. Ma'auni sun haɗa da iyakoki na gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, makasudin labari (misali, ba tare da furannin algae), da ma'auni na nazarin halittu ba (watau rayuwar ruwa wanda yakamata ya iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa). Idan jikin ruwa ya gaza ƙa'idodin WQS na yanzu, jihar ta haɓaka jimlar Matsakaicin Load na yau da kullun (TMDL) don ƙazantar damuwa. Ayyukan ɗan adam da ke tasiri ingancin ruwa sannan za a sarrafa su ta wasu hanyoyin da aka tsara don cimma burin TMDL. Matsaya mai nasaba da fasaha Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa ta Amurka kuma tana buƙatar aiwatar da matakan tushen fasaha, waɗanda aka haɓaka don nau'ikan masu fitar da kowane mutum dangane da ayyukan fasahar jiyya, maimakon ma'auni na tushen wuraren ruwa. An haɓaka waɗannan ƙa'idodi don duka masu fitar da masana'antu da masana'antun sarrafa najasa na birni: Don nau'ikan masana'antu, EPA tana buga jagororin Effluent don kafofin da ake dasu, da kuma Sabon Ka'idodin Ayyukan Aiki Don tsire-tsire masu kula da najasa, Dokokin Jiyya na Sakandare shine ƙa'idodin ƙasa. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna ba da ƙaramin ƙaramin matakin buƙatun jiyya a cikin nau'in ƙasa baki ɗaya. Idan ana buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa mai ƙarfi don wani ruwa na musamman, ana aiwatar da iyakoki na tushen ingancin ruwa. Iyakantattun abubuwa A cikin Amurka, ana buƙatar tushen tushen gurɓatawar don samun izinin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin Tsarin Kawar da Kayayyakin Ƙira ta Ƙasa (NPDES). Iyakoki masu lalacewa buƙatun doka ne waɗanda aka haɗa cikin izini daban-daban. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙazantattun ruwa waɗanda za a iya saki daga takamaiman tushe. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don tantance iyakoki masu dacewa. Matsayin ruwan sha Ruwan da aka keɓe don amfanin ɗan adam azaman ruwan sha na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwan sha A cikin Amurka, alal misali, an samar da irin waɗannan ƙa'idoji ta hanyar EPA a ƙarƙashin Dokar Samar da Tsaftataccen Ruwan Sha, cewa wajibi ne akan tsarin samar da ruwan sha na jama'a, kuma ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin kulawa da gyarawa. (Ba a kayyade akan rijiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba a matakin tarayya. Amma wasu gwamnatocin jihohi da kananan hukumomi sun fitar da ka'idojin rijiyoyi masu zaman kan nasu). Izini, tattaro bayanai, da kuma shigarwa Izini Izinin zubar da gurɓataccen abu a cikin ruwan ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharaɗi. Misali, an samar da hanyoyin tunkarar hakan da dama a kasar Amurka. Dokar samar da tsaftataccen ruwa na da bukatar Hukumar kula da Muhalli na kasar Amurka (EPA) da ta samar da dokokin zubar da gurbataccen abu akan kamfanoni masu samar da su don kayyadewa ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi na ilimin fasaha. Tattara Bayanai A faɗin duniya Dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa Akwai manyan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu guda biyu da suka yi babban ci gaba wajen inganta ingancin ruwa a duniya. Kungiyar Kungiyar Kasa (ILA) da Cibiyar Kasa da Kasa da Kasa (IIL) ta yi aiki tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don samar da Helsinki da Berlin. Gurbacewar ruwa da na ruwa babbar barazana ce ga tekunan duniya. Kanada Mulkin Ruwa Ƙasar Ingila Amurka Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa ita ce dokar tarayya ta farko a Amurka da ke tafiyar da gurbatar ruwa, kuma EPA da hukumomin muhalli na jihohi ne ke gudanarwa. Ana kiyaye ruwan karkashin kasa a matakin tarayya ta hanyar: Dokar kiyaye albarkatu da dawo da albarkatu, ta hanyar tsara yadda ake zubar da dattin datti da sharar gida mai haɗari. Dokar Amintaccen Ruwan Sha (SDWA), ta hanyar daidaita rijiyoyin allura Mahimman martanin Muhalli, ramuwa, da Dokar Lamuni (CERCLA) ko Superfund, ta hanyar ƙa'ida a cikin tsabtace datti mai haɗari. Dokar Kwari ta Tarayya, Fungicides, da Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), ta hanyar daidaita magungunan kashe qwari. Dokar Kula da Abubuwa masu guba (TSCA), ta hanyar daidaita abubuwa masu guba. Mahaɗin zuwa waje US FDA Gaskiyar Abinci: Ruwan kwalba Manazarta 'Yancin Dan Adam Hakki Yanci Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

16525

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza%20Masroor%20Ahmad

Mirza Masroor Ahmad

Mirza Masroor Ahmad an haife shi 15 Satumba 1950) shine jagora na biyar kuma na kungiyar Ahmadiyya A hukumance shine hakifa na biyar na Mahadi ko almasihu Arabic khalīfatul masīh al-khāmis An zaɓe shi ne a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2003, kwana uku bayan rasuwar magabacinsa Mirza Tahir Ahmad Bayan rasuwar khalifa na huɗu, Kwalejin zaɓe, a karon farko a tarihin al'umma, ta yi taro a wajen ƙasan Indiya da kuma a cikin birnin Landan, bayan haka an zaɓi Mirza Masroor Ahmad a matsayin halifa na biyar na Al'umar Musulman Ahmadiyya. A farkon hawan sa mulkin mallaka, ya samu kansa cikin gudun hijira daga Pakistan sakamakon matsin lamba daga Gwamnatin Pakistan Tun lokacin da aka zaɓe shi, ya yi tafiye-tafiye ko'ina a duniya don ganawa da membobin al'umma da kuma jawabi a taronsu na shekara-shekara. A cikin yawancin kasashen da ya ziyarta ita ce ta farko da wani khalifan Ahmadiyya ya fara. A karkashin jagorancinsa gidan talabijin na tauraron dan adam na duniya na MTA International, wanda magabacinsa ya kaddamar, ya fadada zuwa wasu karin tashoshin TV da ke hade da su, kafofin watsa labarai da gidajen rediyo don samar da watsa shirye-shirye a cikin yare daban-daban. Anyi ƙarin makarantu na Jamia Ahmadiyya, makarantar Islamiyya ta Ahmadiyya da cibiyar ilimi, an kafa su da suka haɗa da ɗaya a Ghana da ɗaya a Kingdomasar Ingila, na biyun shi ne na farko a Turai. Ya mai da hankali musamman wajan jagorantar al'umma ta yadda za su dakile mummunan labaran da ake yadawa game da Musulunci da kuma shiga cikin kokarin yada tushe na al'umma don yada abin da al'umma ta yi imani da shi ne sakon Musulunci na gaskiya. A shekara ta 2004, ya gabatar da kuma a kai a kai yana gabatar da jawabi taron shekara-shekara na zaman lafiya na ƙasa (wanda ake gudanarwa sau biyu a 2015) wanda baƙi daga kowane ɓangare na rayuwa ke haɗuwa a masallaci mafi girma a Yammacin Turai (Masallacin Baitul Futuh) don musayar ra'ayi kan kafa duniya. zaman lafiya. Wannan taron tattaunawar ya jawo hankalin ‘yan majalisa, shugabannin addinai da sauran manyan baki. A shekarar 2009, ya kirkiro kyautar Ahmadiyya ta Aminci ta Musulmai lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta duniya ga mutane ko ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka nuna sadaukarwa ta musamman da ba da taimako ga abin da ya shafi zaman lafiya da taimakon ɗan adam. Masroor Ahmad ya saba haduwa da shugabannin kasashe a sassa daban-daban na duniya tare da gabatar da manyan jawabai ga Majalisar Dokokin Amurka a kan Capitol Hill, Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, Majalisar Dokokin Ingila, Majalisar Kanada da Majalisar Holland. koyarwar Musulunci dangane da kafa zaman lafiya, gabatar Kur'ani mafita ga matsaloli na duniya. Ya yi kira koyaushe don yin gaskiya da kiyaye adalci da daidaito a cikin dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa. Dangane da rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa, ya aike da wasiku ga shugabannin duniya da ke gargadi game da hakikanin hadarin Yakin Duniya, tare da kiran su da su yi iya kokarinsu wajen samar da zaman lafiya mai dorewa. Rayuwar farko An haifi Mirza Masroor Ahmad a ranar 15 ga Satumbar 1950 a Rabwah, Pakistan, hedikwatar duniya ta kungiyar Ahmadiyya Musulmi ta lokacin. Ya kasance dan dan uwan Mirza Tahir Ahmad, khalifa na hudu, mahaifiyarsa kuma 'yar uwar khalifa ta huxu ce. Masroor Ahmad ya halarci kuma ya kammala makarantar sakandaren Talim-ul-Islam kuma ya sami BA a Kwalejin Talim-ul-Islam, dukkansu da ke Rabwah. A cikin 1976, Masroor ya sami digirinsa na biyu na Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Noma daga Jami'ar Aikin Gona, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Ghana Bayan da ya yiwa Al'umma aiki a bangarori daban-daban, Masroor Ahmad ya yi aiki a Ghana sama da shekaru takwas. Ya kafa makarantar sakandaren Ahmadiyya a Salaga, wata makaranta a yankin arewacin Ghana, inda ya yi shugaban makarantar na tsawon shekaru biyu. Nasarar da ya yi da makarantar da ke Salaga ta sanya shi ya zama babban shugaban makarantar sakandaren Ahmadiyya a Essarkyir, wanda ke yankin tsakiyar Ghana. A can ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makaranta na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Bayan ya zama shugaban makaranta, an nada Masroor Ahmad a matsayin manajan gidan gonar Ahmadiyya na Gona a Depali da ke yankin arewacin Ghana inda ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya samu nasarar dasa alkama tare da kula da alkama a karon farko a Ghana. Gwajin dasawa, shukawa da kula da alkama a matsayin albarkatun tattalin arziki a Ghana an baje kolin su a bikin baje koli na kasa da kasa kuma an mika sakamakon ga Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona ta Ghana. Pakistan Jim kaɗan bayan ya yi aiki a Ghana, Mirza Masroor Ahmad ya koma Pakistan kuma an ɗora masa alhakin kula da kuɗi a ranar 17 ga Maris 1985. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Ilimi a tsakanin Al'umma a Pakistan kuma a ranar 10 ga Disambar 1997 aka nada shi a matsayin Nazir A'ala (Babban Darakta) da Ameer na yankin (Shugaban Karamar Hukumar) har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe shi a matsayin khalifa. <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">ana bukatar</span> Kurkuku A shekarar 1999, an gabatar da wani kuduri a majalisar lardin Punjab wanda ya buƙaci a canza sunan Rabwah saboda sunan ya bayyana a cikin Alkur'ani Kudurin ya zartar ba tare da muhawara ba sosai kuma an sauya sunan Rabwah a hukumance zuwa Chenab Nagar An sanya sigina a cikin fitattun sassan Rabwah wanda ya sami sabon suna. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, an gabatar da Rahoton Bayanai na Farko (korafin laifi) yana zargin wasu membobin Al'umma da goge alamar da ke dauke da sabon sunan. Kodayake korafin bai ambaci wasu sunaye ba, amma an yi rajista, wanda hakan ya sa aka kame Masroor Ahmad da wasu tsirarun shugabannin kungiyar Ahmadiyya. An daure su tsawon kwanaki 11 ba tare da beli ba, amma an sake su ba tare da tuhuma ba a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1999. Halifanci An zabi Masroor Ahmad a matsayin khalifa na biyar a ranar 22 ga Afrilun 2003, 'yan kwanaki bayan rasuwar magabacinsa Mirza Tahir Ahmad A yau yana yawan zagayawa a duk duniya, yana ziyartar ƙasashe don alungiyar Jalsa Salanas (taron shekara-shekara). Masroor Ahmad yana kuma jagorantar sallah a kowane lokaci a Masallacin Al-Fazl da ke Landan, Ingila da kuma Sallar Juma’a daga Masallacin Baitul Futuh, da ke Morden, Landan. Halifancin Ƙarni A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2008, membobin Al'umma suka yi bikin cika shekara 100 da kafuwar Khilafat. Masroor Ahmad ya yi magana a wani babban taro na membobin gari a Cibiyar Excel a London, Ingila kuma ya karɓi alƙawari daga Ahmadis a duniya. An sanar da hakan a duk duniya ta hanyar gidan talabijin na Al'umma, Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International tare da hanyar sadarwa kai tsaye zuwa Qadian, India, mahaifar Mirza Ghulam Ahmad da kuma asalin hedikwatar duniya kafin a raba Indiya a 1947. An shirya Jalsa Salana na bikin cika shekara dari da Khalifanci a Qadian a watan Disamba, 2008. Wannan taron shine don nuna ƙarshen bikin na shekara ɗari. Koyaya, sakamakon fashewar bama-bamai a Mumbai da kuma sakamakon halin tsaro, Masroor Ahmad ya soke halartar taron a Qadian ya koma Landan An gudanar da irin wadannan taruka a duk duniya don bikin cika shekaru dari na Khalifanci tsakanin Ahmadis. Martani kan rigima 2005 Rikicin Muhammad Kartuye A shekarar 2005, wata jaridar ƙasar Denmark, Jyllands-Posten ta buga wasu hotunan annabi Muhammad waɗanda suka harzuka musulmin duniya. Ahmad ya la'anci wadanda suka wallafa katun inda ya ce wannan cin zarafin 'yancin magana ne. Amma a lokaci guda, ya yi Allah wadai da mummunan tashin hankalin da wasu Musulmin duniya suka nuna yana mai cewa hakan ya saba wa tsarin koyarwar Musulunci na lumana. Ya jagoranci jama'arsa don yada halin Muhammad a cikin Danmark da ma sauran duniya ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce da tattaunawa. Ya kuma shawarci Ahmadiyya da su aika durood kan annabi Muhammad a wannan lokacin wahala. An buga wa'azinsa a kan wannan batun daga baya a matsayin littafi, Misalin Albarkacin Annabi Muhammad da Caricatures. Paparoma Benedict na 16 da Rikicin Musulunci A ranar 12 ga Satumbar 2006, yayin da Paparoma Benedict na 16 ke gabatar da lacca a Jami’ar Regensburg, ya ambaci ra’ayin Sarkin Byzantine Manuel II Palaiologos, “Nuna mini kawai abin da Muhammadu ya zo da shi sabo ne kuma a can za ku ga abubuwa kawai na mugunta da rashin mutuntaka, irin su a matsayin umurninsa na yaɗuwa da takobi bangaskiyar da ya yi wa'azi Zancen ya jawo suka daga wasu wakilan gwamnati da shugabannin addinai musulmai da suka hada da Mirza Masroor Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih V. A matsayinsa na shugaban kungiyar Ahmadiyya Musulmi, Masroor Ahmad bai amince da ra'ayin Paparoma game da addinin Islama ba, yana mai bayyana cewa Paparoman ya kasance mara da'a ne kuma ba shi da ilimin addinin Islama. Ya karantar da 'koyarwar Musulunci ta asali' da Alkur'ani kuma ya nemi kawar da gurbatattun tunani game da Jihadi da annabin Musulunci Muhammad, dangane da ambaton da marubutan Turai suka yi a Hudubarsa ta Juma'a 15 ga Satumba 2006. Rikicin kona kur'ani na 2010 Shirin kona Alkur'ani da Cibiyar Bugawa ta Duniya ta Dove a ranar 9 ga hare-haren 9/11 Masroor Ahmad ya yi Allah wadai a masallacin Baitul Futuh da ke Landan, Ingila. Ya bayyana cewa "tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini, ya kasance tsattsauran ra'ayi na kirista, tsattsauran ra'ayi na musulmi ko kuma kowane irin yanayi, ba zai taba zama bayyanannen addini ba". Al’ummar Musulmi ta Ahmadiyya sun kuma gudanar da “Ranar Imani” tare da wakilan sauran addinai a matsayin martani ga kona Alkur’ani. Rikicin Masallacin Ground Zero 2010 A cikin 2010, ana shirin gina cibiyar musulmai mai hawa 13 wanda ya ke da wasu gida biyu daga Cibiyar Kasuwancin Duniya da ke Lower Manhattan, Birnin New York Kodayake ba za a iya ganin ginin na Park51 daga wurin Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya ba, adawa da aikin sun ce kafa masallaci kusa da Ground Zero zai zama abin kauna tun da maharan a harin 11 ga Satumba 2001 'yan ta'adda ne na Islama Masroor Ahmad yayi tsokaci game da shirin gina masallaci kusa da Ground Zero inda ya ce: Rikicin Geert Wilders Geert Wilders ɗan siyasan Holland ne. An fi sanin Wilders da sukan addinin Musulunci, yana taƙaita ra'ayoyinsa da cewa, "Ba na ƙin Musulmi, na ƙi addinin Islama". Masroor Ahmad ya kasance, a wa’azinsa, ya sha karyata zarge-zargen da Wilders ya yi kan Musulunci. Da yake jawabi Wilders kai tsaye, ya ce: A amsar sanarwar, Wilders ya tambayi Piet Hein Donner, Ministan cikin gida na Netherlands ko gwamnati ta dauki wannan a matsayin wata barazana kuma ko za su dauki wani mataki a kan Ahmad. Donner ya amsa da cewa bai ga wata barazana ba kamar yadda Ahmad ya yi barazanar lalata Wilders ta hanyar addu'ar lumana kawai ba tashin hankali ba, kuma an san Ahmadiyya Musulmin duniya baki daya cikin lumana. La'antar da Babban Muftin na Dokar Hana Ikklisiya ta Saudiyya A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2012, Mirza Masroor Ahmad ya yi Allah wadai da fatawa (doka) ta Abdul Aziz al-Shaikh, Babban Muftin Saudiyya da ke neman a rusa dukkan coci-coci a Saudiyya da wasu kasashen Larabawa da ke kewaye da su. Ya kuma cirato Kur'ani don hujjantar hukuncin da ya yanke: Musulmai waɗanda basuji ba Basu gani ba A cikin huɗubarsa ta Juma'a ta ranakun 21 da 28 ga Satumba 2012, Halifa ya yi Allah wadai da fim ɗin da ke nuna ƙyamar Musulunci na Innocence of Musulmi Ya ce abin da Musulmin suka nuna game da fim din ya dace daidai gwargwado; amma kuma ya yi Allah wadai da martanin da fim din da wasu Musulmai suka nuna wanda ya haifar da mutuwar a kalla 75 a duniya. Wa'azin Juma'a ya samu halartar kafofin yada labarai da yawa ciki har da BBC da kuma wani gidan labarai daga New Zealand. Ya ce ya kamata Musulmai su mayar da martani ta hanyar kiran durood (yabo) ga Muhammad. Ya kuma nuna cewa masu kirkira da masu alfanun fim din duk za su sha azaba mai girma daga Allah. Harin Charlie Hebdo A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2015, ‘yan bindiga suka kutsa kai cikin ofisoshin jaridar Faransa Charlie Hebdo a Paris. Sun kashe 12 yayin harin. Harin na da nasaba da majigin yara na izgili ga annabin Islama Muhammad wanda Charlie Hebdo ya wallafa a shekarun baya. Halifa ya yi tir da harin ta'addanci. Ya ce hare-haren ba su da nasaba da koyarwar Musulunci ta hakika kuma ya kamata a hukunta wadanda suka aikata hakan da duk wanda aka samu da hannu a ciki kamar yadda doka ta tanada. Ya kuma kara da cewa irin wadannan zane-zanen sun batawa musulmai masu kaunar zaman lafiya rai kuma sun bata masu rai a duk duniya kuma ya kamata a yi Allah wadai da su, amma duk wani nau'i na tashin hankali ko martani ba bisa doka ba ba zai taba zama mai adalci ba kuma ya sabawa koyarwar Musulunci. Halifa ya kuma bayyana cewa fitowa kan tituna don nuna rashin amincewa ba martani ne da ya dace ba amma dai ya kamata Musulmai su amsa ta hanyar yawaita addu'a da yin sallama ga Muhammad. Martani kan fitina Kashe-kashen Lahore A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2010, wasu masallatan Ahmadi guda biyu a Lahore, Pakistan, suka gamu da hari daga reshen Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Punjab. An kai hare-haren kusan lokaci guda a Masallacin Darul Al Zikr da ke Garhi Shahu da Masallacin Bait Al Noor da ke cikin Model Town, dukkansu 15 km baya. An kashe mutane casa'in da huɗu a cikin lamarin (ciki har da mai kai hari ɗaya) tare da raunata 108. Wani maharin kuma an kama shi ne ta hanyar masu bautar. Halifa ya ba da sanarwar manema labarai sau biyu yana kira ga membobin Al'umma da su yi haƙuri da addu'a kuma a cikin amsa, 'babu wani matakin da bai dace ba da Ahmadi zai nuna'. Daga baya ya gabatar da Huduba inda yake bayar da bayanai dalla-dalla game da hare-haren guda biyu da jerin wa’azozi inda ya jinjina wa kowane daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da bayyana ayyukan da suka yi wa Jama’a. Lakcoci, wa'azin da makaloli Soyayyar Gaskiya Ga Manzon Allah Misalin Albarkacin Annabi Muhammad da Caricatures Rikicin Duniya da Hanyar Zaman Lafiya Sharuddan Bai'at da Nauyin Ahmadi Martani ga Kalaman Paparoma game da Musulunci Musulunci Addini ne Mai Aminci Tausayi mai kyau na Annabi Muhammad Jawabai da makaloli a cikin nazarin Addinai Iyali, aure da yara Masroor Ahmad ɗa ne ga Mirza Mansoor Ahmad kuma jikan Mirza Shareef Ahmad, ɗan Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Sahibzadi Nasira Begum (marigayiya), babbar 'yar Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, Halifa na biyu na Ahmadiyya Community Community Masroor Ahmad yana da kanne biyu: Mirza Idrees Ahmad (marigayi) da Mirza Maghfoor Ahmad da ‘yan’uwa mata biyu: Amatul Qudoos da Amatul Raoof. Ya auri Sahibzadi Amatul Sabooh Begum, diyar Syed Daud Muzaffar Shah da Amtul Hakeem Begum ('yar Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad a ranar 21 ga Janairun 1977. Yana da diya, Amtul Waris Fateh, da da, Mirza Waqas Ahmad. Manazarta Hanyoyin haɗin waje Khalifa na Musulunci shafin yanar gizo Tashar Yanar Gizo ta Ahmadiyya Community Community Wa'azin zaman lafiya da haƙuri yayin fuskantar

41358

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari%20a%20Kaduna%20da%20Abuja%2C%20Yuni%202014

Hari a Kaduna da Abuja, Yuni 2014

A tsakanin ranakun 23 zuwa 25 ga watan yunin shekarar 2014, an kai wasu hare-hare a tsakiyar Najeriya. A ranakun 23-24 ga watan Yuni, wasu ƴan bindiga sun kai hari a wasu ƙauyukan jihar Kaduna, inda suka kashe mutane kusan 150. An ɗora alhakin kai harin kan ƴan ƙabilar Fulani. A ranar 25 ga watan Yunin 2014, wani bam ya tashi a Emab Plaza dake babban birnin tarayya Abuja, inda ya kashe aƙalla mutane 21. Dangane da harin bam din, sojojin Najeriya sun kai farmaki kan sansanonin 'yan bindiga biyu a ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, inda suka kashe fiye da mutane 100. Wai-wa-ye 20,000 Sama da mutane 20,000 ne aka kashe a Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2009 zuwa 2014 a hare-haren da ƴan ta'addar Boko Haram ke jagoranta. Ƙungiyar Boko Haram dai na adawa da mayar da Najeriya zuwa kasashen Yamma, wanda suke ganin shi ne ummul haba'isin aikata laifuka a ƙasar. Gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa dokar ta ɓaci a cikin watan Mayun 2013 a jihar Borno a yaƙin da take yi da masu tada ƙayar bayan. Sakamakon murƙushe ƴan ta’addan, ya kasa daidaita ƙasar. Tsananta Hare-haren mayaƙan Boko Haram sun ƙara tsananta a shekarar 2014. A watan Fabrairu, ƙungiyar ta kashe Kiristoci fiye da 100 a ƙauyukan Doron Baga da Izghe. Haka kuma a cikin watan Fabrairu, an kashe yara maza 59 a harin da aka kai a Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya a Jihar Yobe. Zargi A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, an zargin ƙungiyar Boko Haram da haddasa mutuwar mutane kusan 4,000 a shekarar 2014. Daga nan ne ƴan bindiga suka kai hari wata makaranta suka yi garkuwa da ƴan mata 276, waɗanda 57 daga cikinsu suka tsere a garin Chibok. Lamarin ya jawo hankalin duniya kan halin da ake ciki a Najeriya, kuma ƙasashen yammacin duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa wajen yakar ƴan ƙungiyar Boko Haram. Sai dai an ci gaba da kai hare-hare. A ranar 20 ga watan Mayu, an kashe mutane 118 a wani harin bam da aka kai a birnin Jos. Washegari, an kashe mutane goma sha biyu a wani samame da aka kai wani ƙauye. Daga baya ƙungiyoyin ƴan banga sun kafu a ko’ina a Arewa, tare da samun nasarar daƙile wasu hare-haren. Gwoza Hare-haren da aka kai a karamar hukumar Gwoza da ke jihar Borno na da wuya a iya tabbatar da su saboda rashin kyawun ingantattun hanyoyin sadarwa. MEND Har ila yau, Najeriya na fuskantar hare-hare daga ƙungiyar MEND. Hari a ƙauyukan Kaduna A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin 2014, wasu ƴan bindiga sun kai hari a ƙauyukan Kabamu da Ankpong a jihar Kaduna, inda suka kashe mutane 38 a cewar shugaban ƴan banga, Christopher Chisom. Gwamna Ramalan Yero, ya tabbatar da faruwar harin, kodayake rahotanni sun ce ƙauyukan sun kai harin kamar Fadan Karshi da Nandu. Ya ce an kashe mutanen ƙauyen 17 da misalin karfe 10 na dare a Fadan Karshi, tare da kama ko kashe mahara biyu. Da karfe 2 na safe wasu ‘yan bindigar kuma sun kashe mutane 21 a Nandu. “Da yawa” wasu kuma sun sami raunuka, kodayake ba a samu takamaiman adadi ba. Shugaban ƙungiyar ta (Ninzon Progressive Youths Organisation) ya ce wata wasiƙar barazana daga Fulani ta yi gargaɗi kai harin a farkon watan. Ƙauyuka bakwai A yammacin wannan rana, wasu ƴan bindiga sun kai hari wasu ƙauyuka guda bakwai: Dogon-Daji, Gani, Hayin-Kwanta, Kabani, Kabamu, Kobin, da Naidu. A cewar Chisom, an kashe ƙarin wasu mutane 123 a harin da aka kai cikin dare: 38 a Kobin, 30 a Kabamu, 21 a Dogon-Daji, 16 a Naidu, 9 a Gani, 5 a Hayin Kwanta, 4 a Kabani. Ƙungiyar kiristoci ta Najeriya CAN, ta kuma ruwaito cewa an kashe aƙalla mutane 100 a hare-haren. Rahotanni sun ce biyu daga cikin maharan suna sanye da kakin ƴan sanda. Ba a fitar da adaɗin waɗanda suka mutu a hukumance ba. Ba a dai san ko su waye waɗanda suka kai harin ba, duk da cewa an kama wasu Fulani makiyaya guda uku a harin da aka kai ranar 25 ga watan Yuni. Mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar ta CAN ya ce "Na yi imanin cewa su 'yan ta'adda ne saboda Fulanin da muke rayuwa da su ba za su iya yin wannan abu ba." Ya kuma ce wannan ya nuna cewa addini ne ya sa aka kai harin. An kuma samu bindiga ƙirar AK-47 guda uku da alburusai 158 a kamen. Karamar hukumar Sanga ta sanya dokar hana fita ta sa'o'i 24 sakamakon hare-haren. Harin bom a Emab Plaza Wani abin fashewa ya fashe a Emab Plaza, cibiyar hada-hadar kasuwanci da ke birnin tarayya Abuja da misalin karfe 16:00 na ranar 25 ga watan Yuni kusa da ofisoshin gwamnatin tarayya. Fashewar wadda ta faru a lokacin da ake yawan samun cunkoso, ya haifar da hayaki mai yawa. Wani ganau ya ruwaito cewa: “Mun ji wata babbar hayaniya kuma ginin ya girgiza Mun ga hayaki da mutane cikin jini. Hargitsi ne kawai." A cewar rahotannin hukuma, an kashe aƙalla mutane 21 a harin. Jaridar Premium Times ta ruwaito an samu mutuwar mutane aƙalla 30 tare da yiyuwar samun karin wasu adadin. Sama da mutane 50 ne suka jikkata a harin. An harbe wanda ake zargi da yunƙurin tserewa daga wurin. Wata jaka da yake ɗauke da ita na ɗauke da ƙarin wasu bama-bamai acikin jakar. A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, rundunar hadin gwiwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta mayar da martani kan harin ta hanyar kai farmaki kan sansanonin ‘yan bindiga guda biyu. A cewar Ministan Tsaro, an kashe kusan mayaƙan 50 a kowane wuri. Sojoji biyu ne aka kashe a samamen. Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan ya dakatar da taron Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka domin ganawa da iyalan waɗanda fashewar ta shafa a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni. “’Yan Najeriya suna fafutuka, suna tunanin yadda za su bayar da tasu gudummawar ga ci gaban [al’umma] kuma suna aiki tukuru don kula da iyalansu [yayin da] wasu ke shagaltuwa da kashe mutane,” in ji shi. Ba a ɗauki alhakin kai harin ba, amma rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai gaba ɗaya na alaƙanta tashin bam din da ƙungiyar Boko Haram. Mako guda kafin hakan, bayanan sirri na gwamnati sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar na shirin yin awon gaba da manyan motocin dakon mai tare da kai su cikin babban birnin ƙasar, waɗanda ke maƙare fam da bama-bamai. Manazarta 2014 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya Abuja Boko Haram Jihar Kaduna Harin bam a

13443

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamila%20Woods

Jamila Woods

Jamila Woods (an haife ta a ranar shida 6 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da tara 1989) ta kasance yar asalin mazauniyar Chicago ce, Mawakiyar Amurka, marubuciyar wãƙa da wake. Woods ta kammala karatun digiri a St. Ignatius College Prep da Jami'ar Brown, inda ta sami BA a Nazarin Afirka da Nazarin Wasan kwaikwayon Theater. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan jigogi na asalin kakannin baƙar fata, baƙar fata, da baƙon Baki, tare da maimaita mahimmancin ƙauna da ƙaunar City da Birnin Chicago. Waƙe A cikin shekarar 2012, Jamila Woods ta buga ɗakinta na farko, mai taken Gaskiya Game da Dolls Za a iya samun aikinta a cikin litattafan tarihin Mawallafin Breakbeat: Sabuwar Mawaƙan Amurka a cikin Hip-Hop (2015), Jarumtaka: Daring Poems for Gutsy Girls (2014), and The UnCommon Core: Contemporary Poems for Learning and Living (2013) Abubuwan da ta yi tasiri sun hada da Lucille Clifton, Gwendolyn Brooks, Toni Morrison, da Frida Kahlo. Woods ya kasance ɗayan editocin uku na The Breakbeat Poets Volume II, mai taken Black Girl Magic Bugawar 2018 sigar tsohuwar magana ce ta mawaka ta mata bakaken fata, "bincika jigogi na kyakkyawa, baƙar fata, baƙar magana, ma'anar kai, da ƙari." Shirya al'umma Woods shine Mataimakin Shugaban Kasuwanci na Matasa na Chicago (YCA), kungiya a cikin Chicago da aka sadaukar don haɓaka muryoyin matasa ta hanyar ilmantarwa da jagoranci. Ta hanyar YCA, Woods yana taimakawa wajen tsara Louder Than Bomb, babban taron mawaƙa na samari mafi girma a duniya. Har ila yau, tana gudanar da bitar bita da ƙirƙirar tsarin karatun Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago. Duk da yake a cikin Providence, Woods ya yi aikin sa kai a cibiyar fasahar ba da riba mai suna New Urban Arts. Waka An san ta sosai saboda aikin haɗin gwiwar ta tare da Chance the Rapper a kan waƙar da aka yi wa lakabi da "Lahadi Candy" daga kundin album Surf da kuma "Albarka" daga Littafin canza launi Hakanan ana nuna Woods akan waƙar Macklemore &amp; Ryan Lewis Furucin Farko na II A watan Janairun shekarar 2016, Woods ya rattaba hannu kan tambarin hip-hop na Chicago mai suna, Closed Sessions/. Wakoki Albums na Studio Heavn Woods ta saki kundin album ɗinta na farko a ɗaukar nauyi a shafinta na SoundCloud a Yuli 11, 2016 zuwa acclaim mai mahimmanci. Kundin ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwar tare da Chance the Rapper, Noname, Saba, Lorine Chia, Kweku Collins da Donnie Trumpet Hevn Hevn ya kasance mafi kyawun album na 36 na 2016 ta Pitchfork Ya dauke fasali daban-daban na masu samarwa, da suka hada da oddCouple, wani aboki mai rufe Sessions signee wanda ya samar da guda biyar daga cikin waƙoƙin kundin album 12. A cikin 2017, Woods abokan tarayya tare da Jagjaguwar da Closed Sessions don sake sakin kundin. Legacy Jamila ta fito da albam dinta na biyu Legacy! Legacy! ta Jagjaguwar a Mayu 10, 2019 ga rave reviews. Kundin ya ƙunshi haɗin gwiwa tare da Nitty Scott, Saba, theMIND, Jasminfire, da Nico Segal Legacy! Legacy! ya hada da waƙoƙin ƙugiya "Eartha" wanda ke taimakawa wajen nuna tarihi da layin ƙasar da ya damu da mantawa. Manazarta Haɗin waje Official website (music) Official website

42012

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland%20ta%20Arewa

Ireland ta Arewa

Ireland ta Arewa wani yanki ne na Ƙasar Ingila, yana arewa maso gabas na tsibirin Ireland, wanda aka kwatanta daban-daban a matsayin ƙasa, lardi ko yanki. Ireland ta Arewa tana da iyaka a buɗe zuwa kudu da yamma tare da Jamhuriyar Ireland A shekarar 2021, yawan adadin mutanenta ya kasance kimanin mutane 1,903,100, wanda ke da kusan kashi 27% na yawan mutanen Ireland da kusan kashi 3% na yawan mutanen Burtaniya Majalisar Arewacin Ireland, wacce Dokar Arewacin Ireland ta kafa ta a shekarar 1998, tana da alhakin kewayon batutuwan da suka shafi manufofin keɓancewa, yayin da sauran yankuna ke keɓance ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa tana aiki tare da gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Ireland a yankuna da dama da aka amince da su a karkashin yarjejeniyar Belfast Ita ma jamhuriyar Ireland tana da rawar shawara kan al'amuran gwamnati da ba na gwamnati ba ta hanyar taron gwamnatin Burtaniya da Irish (BIIG). An ƙirƙiri Ireland ta Arewa a watan Mayu a shekarar 1921, lokacin da Ireland ta rabu da Dokar Gwamnatin Ireland ta 1920, ta ƙirƙira gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ga gundumomin arewa maso gabas shida Kamar yadda aka yi niyya, Ireland ta Arewa tana da rinjaye na ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda ke son ci gaba da zama a Burtaniya; Gabaɗaya sun kasance zuriyar Furotesta na ’yan mulkin mallaka daga Biritaniya A halin yanzu, mafi rinjaye a Kudancin Ireland (wanda ya zama Jihar Free Irish a cikin 1922), da kuma ƴan tsiraru a Arewacin Ireland, ƴan kishin ƙasa ne na Irish masu Katolika waɗanda ke son haɗin kai mai cin gashin kai Ireland A yau, na farko gabaɗaya suna ganin kansu a matsayin ɗan Biritaniya kuma na ƙarshe suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin ɗan Iriland, yayin da ƴan tsiraru daga kowane yanki ke da'awar asalin Irish ko Ulster Ƙirƙirar Arewacin Ireland ya kasance tare da tashin hankali duka biyun don karewa da kuma adawa da rabuwa. A lokacin rikicin 1920-22, babban birnin Belfast ya ga manyan tashe-tashen hankula na al'umma, musamman tsakanin 'yan kungiyar Protestant da farar hula na Katolika. Fiye da mutane 500 aka kashe kuma fiye da mutane 10,000 sun zama 'yan gudun hijira, yawancin Katolika. A cikin shekaru hamsin masu zuwa, Ireland ta Arewa tana da jerin gwamnatocin Jam'iyyar Unionist da ba a karye ba. Akwai rarrabuwa kai na yau da kullun ta al'ummomin guda biyu, kuma ana zargin gwamnatocin Unionist da nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan kishin Irish da Katolika. A ƙarshen shekarar 1960, wani kamfen na kawo ƙarshen wariya ga Katolika da masu kishin ƙasa ya kasance masu adawa da masu biyayya, waɗanda suka gan shi a matsayin gaban jamhuriya Wannan tashin hankalin ya haifar da Matsala, rikici na shekaru talatin da ya hada da 'yan jamhuriya da masu biyayya ga sojojin kasa da na jihohi, wanda ya lashe rayukan mutane sama da 3,500 tare da jikkata wasu 50,000. Yarjejeniyar Jumma'a mai kyau ta 1998 babban mataki ne a cikin tsarin zaman lafiya, gami da kwance damara da kuma daidaita tsaro, ko da yake bangaranci da wariya sun kasance manyan matsalolin zamantakewa, kuma ana ci gaba da tashin hankali. Tarihi Yankin da a yanzu yake a Arewacin Ireland ya daɗe da zama Gaels ƴan ƙasar da suke fahimtar yaren Irish kuma galibin Katolika. Ya ƙunshi masarautu da yankuna na Gaelic da yawa kuma wani yanki ne na lardin Ulster A shekarar 1169, haɗin gwiwar sojojin da ke ƙarƙashin ikon kambin Ingilishi sun mamaye Ireland waɗanda suka mamaye yawancin tsibirin da sauri, suka fara shekaru 800 na ikon tsakiyar ƙasashen waje. An murkushe yunƙurin juriya cikin sauri a ko'ina a wajen Ulster. Ba kamar sauran ƙasar ba, inda ikon Gaelic ya ci gaba da watsewa kawai, aljihunan nesa, manyan masarautun Ulster galibi za su ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ikon Ingilishi a lardin da ke ƙunshe da yankuna a gabar tekun gabas mafi kusa da Burtaniya. Ƙarfin Ingilishi ya ragu a hankali a cikin fuskantar tsayin daka na Irish a cikin ƙarni da suka biyo baya; daga ƙarshe an mayar da shi kawai birnin Dublin da kewayensa. Lokacin da Henry na VIII ya ƙaddamar da karni na 16 Tudor ya sake mamaye Ireland, Ulster ya taɓa yin tsayayya sosai. A cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Tara (1594-1603), ƙawancen sarakunan Gaelic waɗanda manyan sarakunan Ulster biyu suka jagoranta, Hugh Roe O'Donnell da Earl na Tyrone sun yi yaƙi da gwamnatin Ingila a Ireland Ƙungiyoyin da ke mamaye Ulster suna wakiltar gaba ɗaya na Irish na farko (an riga an yi juriya a baya). Duk da samun damar kulla kawance da Spain da manyan nasarori tun da wuri, an tabbatar da shan kaye da babu makawa kusan bayan nasarar Ingila a kewayen Kinsale A cikin 1607, shugabannin 'yan tawayen sun gudu zuwa babban yankin Turai tare da yawancin Ulster's Gaelic nobility. Crown sun kwace filayensu kuma suka yi mulkin mallaka tare da turawan Furotesta da suka fito daga Biritaniya, a cikin Plantation na Ulster Wannan ya haifar da kafuwar yawancin garuruwan Ulster kuma ya haifar da al'ummar Ulster Furotesta mai ɗorewa mai alaƙa da Biritaniya. Tawayen Irish na 1641 ya fara a Ulster. ’Yan tawayen sun so a kawo ƙarshen nuna wariya na Katolika, da mulkin kai na Irish mafi girma, da kuma sake mayar da shuka. Ya haɓaka cikin rikici na kabilanci tsakanin Katolika na Irish da kuma mazauna Furotesta na Burtaniya kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na Yaƙe-yaƙe na Sarautu Uku (1639-53), wanda ya ƙare tare da cin nasarar 'yan majalisar Ingila Ƙarin nasarorin Furotesta a cikin Yaƙin Williamite-Jacobite (1688-91) ya ƙarfafa mulkin Furotesta na Anglican a cikin Mulkin Ireland Nasarar da Williamites suka yi na kewaye Derry (1689) da Battle of the Boyne (1690) har yanzu wasu Furotesta a Ireland ta Arewa suna bikin. Yawancin Furotesta na Scots sun yi ƙaura zuwa Ulster a lokacin yunwar Scotland na 1690s Articles with hAudio microformats

51100

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaida%20Buari

Shaida Buari

Shaida Buari (an Haife ta 25 ga watan Yuli 1982) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Ghana, mai ba da taimako, abar koyi, kuma wacce ta lashe kambun gasar kyau ta shekarar 2002 Miss Ghana. Ƙuruciya da ilimi An haifi Shaida Buari a Accra, Ghana Mahaifinta Alhaji Sidiku Buari; hamshakin dan kasuwa da kuma mawaƙi wanda tsawon shekaru 12, ya rike ofishin shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Ghana, da Elizabeth Mirabelle Odonkor wacce ke gudanar da shagon amarya da sabis na PR ga mata a Accra. Iyayenta sun rabu a shekarar 1997. Tana da kanne guda biyu: Sidiku Buari Jnr., Injiniya mai kula da shagon motocinsa, da Sarki Faisal Buari; mai magana mai kuzari kuma mai Buarich Group of Companies. Nadia Buari, 'yar uwarta ce. Ta halarci Alsyd Academy don karatun farko. Ta tafi makarantar sakandare ta St. Mary's a Accra, inda aka zabe ta shugabar nishadantarwa kuma ta gudanar da tattara kudade don ayyukan makarantu da yawa. Har ila yau, a makarantar sakandare ne sana’arta ta fara yin tallan kayan kawa bayan ta ci gasar yin tallan kayan kawa (now Defunct) a shekarar 1998. Bayan fitowar ta a wasu tallace-tallace na talabijin, ta shiga kuma ta lashe gasar Miss Ghana a shekara ta 2002, inda ta fara aikin jin kai. Ta kuma fafata a gasar FACE of Africa Modeling Competition inda ta kai wasan karshe na biyar. Shaida ta kammala karatun digiri tare da karramawa daga Jami'ar Ghana, tana karatun Psychology tare da minor in political science a cikin (shekara). Ta yi aikin sa kai a asibitin masu tabin hankali da ke birnin Accra inda ta yi bincike kan alakar wurin da ciwon tumo da tabin hankali a asibitin koyarwa na Korle-Bu na tsawon shekara guda. Shaida ta auri Mr Kunle Nubi a shekarar 2011. Sun kafa Oil Gas Entity ENERGEM. Sana'a Shaida ta wakilci Ghana a gasar Miss World a shekarar 2003. A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta na al'umma a matsayin wacce ta lashe lambar yabo, ta yi aiki tare da UNICEF, Right To Play a kan ayyukan da suka shafi wayar da kan jama'a game da rashin jin daɗi da ke addabar masu cutar HIV AIDs, sannan da kuma taimakawa wajen ilmantar da iyaye game da mahimmancin wasu allurar rigakafi da taimakawa wajen magance. cututtuka a kananan yara. Wannan fallasa ya sa ta kafa kungiyarta mai zaman kanta; Gidauniyar Helplink. Shaida tare da hadin gwiwar wasu kamfanoni sun yi nasarar biyan kudin asibiti na yara da dama da ke bukatar taimakon. Ayyukan agaji da sauran ayyuka A shekarar 2013, yayin da take tare da ɗanta, ta kafa Tellitmoms.com wanda shine al'umma ta yanar gizo mai saurin kamuwa da cuta don uwaye da uwaye su kasance, wanda a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tana ba da shawarwari kan tarbiyya da kula da yara. Tellitmoms tare da haɗin gwiwar NP Ghandour sun ba da gudummawar abubuwan tsabtace hannu da kayan kwalliya ga sashin haihuwa a asibitin koyarwa na Korle Bu. Har ila yau, tana shirya jerin abubuwan da suka faru inda suke nuna samfurori da ayyuka don iyaye da iyaye su kasance. Sun ba da ƴan kujerun mota don taimakawa ƙarfafa amincin motocin yara a Afirka. Tun lokacin da ta haɗu tare da Gloradelle, Graco Ghana, Audylot, Mini Me, Naabils, Iye Naturals, Sahara Rise, Disney Ghana, Baby Bed Beds and Beyond, Baby Foods and More, Haute Mummy Maternity, Adora Intimate, Selina BeB, Bvenaj, Buarich Rukuni, Sabis ɗin Kaa, Tarin Bon, Kayan Halitta, Tarin Beva, Bri Wireduah, Tarin Rhema, Cheerbaby, Lafiyar Matan Haihuwa, Rubi House of Beauty, da sauransu. Manazarta Haifaffun 1982 Rayayyun

52785

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal%20Hasan

Kamal Hasan

Kamal Haasan (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1954) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Indiya, mai shirya fina-finai, marubuci, mawaƙi, mai gabatar da shirin talabijin kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ke aiki galibi a cikin fina-fallafen Tamil kuma ya bayyana a wasu fina-fakka na Telugu, Malayalam, Hindi, Kannada da Bengali. An dauke shi daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a cikin fina-finai na Indiya. Har ila yau, an san Hasan da gabatar da sabbin fasahohi da kayan shafawa ga masana'antar fina-finai ta Indiya. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da Kyautar Fim ta Kasa guda huɗu, Kyautar Fasaha ta Jihar Tamil Nadu guda tara, Kyautar Nandi guda huɗu، Kyautar Rashtrapati guda ɗaya, Kyautar Filmfare guda biyu da Kyautar Filmfar ta Kudu 17. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Kalaimamani a shekarar 1984, da Padma Shri a shekarar 1990, da Padma Bhushan a shekarar 2014 da kuma Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Chevalier) a shekarar 2016. Haasan ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a fim din yaren Tamil na shekarar, 1960 Kalathur Kannamma, wanda kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinare ta shugaban kasa. Nasarar da ya samu a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya zo ne a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na shekarar, 1975 Apoorva Raagangal, wanda K. Balachander ya jagoranta, inda ya taka rawar matashi mai tawaye wanda ya ƙaunaci wata tsohuwar mace. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta fina-finai ta kasa saboda hotonsa na malamin makaranta mara kyau wanda ke kula da mace da ke fama da amnesia a cikin Moondram Pirai (1982). An san shi da wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a cikin Sagara Sangamam na K. Viswanath (1983), Swathi Muthyam (1986), Nayakan na Mani Ratnam (1987), "Pushpak" na Singeetam Srinivasa Rao (1987), Suresh Krissna "Sathyaa" (1988), "Apoorva Sagodharargal" na Sinte Bharathi (1989), "Guna" na Santhana Bhar (1991) da "Mahanadi" (1994). Tun daga wannan lokacin ya fito a fina-finai ciki har da Hey Ram (2000), Virumaandi (2004), Dasavathaaram (2008) inda ya taka rawa goma, Vishwaroopam (2013) da Vikram (2022). Kamfanin samar da shi, Raaj Kamal Films International, ya samar da fina-finai da yawa. Don kokarinsa na jin kai, Haasan ya sami lambar yabo ta farko ta Abraham Kovoor a shekara ta 2004. Ya kasance jakadan aikin don taron Hridayaragam a shekara ta, 2010, wanda ya tara kudade don gidan marayu ga yara masu cutar HIV AIDS. A watan Satumbar shekara ta, 2010, Haasan ya ƙaddamar da asusun taimakon yara na ciwon daji kuma ya ba da furanni ga yara masu cutar kansa a Jami'ar Sri Ramachandra da ke Porur, Chennai. Firayim Ministan Indiya Narendra Modi ne ya zabi Haasan don Ofishin Jakadancin Swachh Bharat A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar, 2018, Haasan ya kaddamar da jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa, Makkal Needhi Maiam (lit. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Jama'a). Ya kuma sami Visa na Zinariya daga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Rayuwa ta farko da iyali An haifi Haasan a matsayin Parthasarathy a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 1954, a cikin iyalin Tamil Iyengar Brahmin, ga D. Srinivasan, wanda lauya ne kuma mai fafutukar 'yanci, da Rajalakshmi, wanda uwar gida ce. Da farko an kira Haasan da sunan Parthasarathy Mahaifinsa daga baya ya canza sunansa zuwa Kamal Haasan 'Yan uwansa, Charuhasan (an haife shi a shekara ta 1930) da Chandrahasan (an haifi shi a shekara de 1936), suma sun yi aiki. 'Yar'uwar Haasan, Nalini (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946), mai rawa ce ta gargajiya. Ya sami karatun firamare a Paramakudi kafin ya koma Madras (yanzu Chennai) yayin da 'yan uwansa suka ci gaba da karatunsu mafi girma. Haasan ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Santhome, Madras, kuma ya janyo hankalinsa ga fina-finai da zane-zane kamar yadda mahaifinsa ya karfafa shi. 1980-1989 Duba kuma Ayyukan Kamal Haasan da ba a cika su ba Raaj Kamal Films International Makkal Needhi Maiam Iyalin Haasan Bayani Manazarta Kamal Haasan discography at Discogs Haihuwan 1954 Rayayyun

53832

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Agosto

Benjamin Agosto

Benjamin Alexandro “Ben” Agosto (an haife shi a watan Janairu 15, 1982) ɗan wasan kankara ɗan Amurka ne. Tare da abokin tarayya Tanith Belbin, Agosto shine wanda ya lashe lambar azurfa ta Olympics na 2006, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta duniya sau hudu, zakaran Nahiyoyi hudu na 2004–2006, da zakaran Amurka 2004–2008 Rayuwa ta sirri An haifi Benjamin Agosto Janairu 15, 1982, a Chicago, Illinois, kuma ya girma a Northbrook, Illinois Shi ɗa ne ga mahaifin Puerto Rican kuma mahaifiyar Bayahudiya wacce danginta ke da tushe a Romania da Rasha Agosto ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Waldorf ta Chicago, sannan ya yi shekaru biyu a makarantar sakandare ta Glenbrook North, kuma ya kammala karatun digiri tare da girmamawa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Michigan a watan Yuni 2000. Ya taka leda a makarantar jazz band. Agosto ya zauna a Detroit, Michigan, daga Yuni 1998 sannan Canton, Michigan, kafin ya koma Aston, Pennsylvania, a lokacin rani na 2008. Ya ƙaura zuwa Lacey, Washington, a cikin Satumba 2010 sannan zuwa Scottsdale, Arizona, a cikin 2014. Sana'a Shekarun farko Agosto ya fara wasan kankara tun yana da shekaru shida, bayan ya karbi nau'ikan kankara guda biyu don ranar haihuwarsa, kuma ya fara rawan kankara tun yana dan shekara 12. A farkon aikinsa, Susie Wynne ne ya horar da shi. Ya yi wasa tare da Katie Hill daga 1995 zuwa 1998, yana fafatawa da ita akan matakan novice da ƙarami, gami da na duniya. Sun fice daga Sashen Midwestern. Lokacin da wannan haɗin gwiwa ya ƙare, Agosto ya tashi daga Chicago zuwa Michigan a 1998 don horar da Igor Shpilband Haɗin gwiwa tare da Belbin A cikin 1998, kocin Agosto ya haɗa shi da Tanith Belbin na Kanada. A cikin lokacin 1999–2000, sun sami lambobin yabo biyu akan jerin ISU Junior Grand Prix kuma sun gama na 4 a Gasar JGP. Sun ci gaba da lashe kambun kananan yara na Amurka sannan suka dauki lambar tagulla a Gasar Kananan Yara ta Duniya ta 2000 A cikin 2000–2001, Belbin/Agosto sun sake yin gasa a jerin JGP, suna ɗaukar zinare a duk abubuwan da suka faru guda uku ciki har da na ƙarshe. Sun fito a matakin manya a gasar Amurka ta 2001 kuma sun sami lambar azurfa, wanda ya ba su damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na farko, inda suka zo na 17. Belbin/Agosto ya lashe kambun kasa na Amurka na 2004 kuma zai ci gaba da maimaita sau hudu. A Nationals a cikin 2005, shekara ta ƙarshe na tsarin 6.0, sun sami madaidaiciya madaidaiciya shida don gabatarwa a cikin rawa na kyauta. Daga cikin 30 6.0s da aka bayar a cikin rawan kankara a Amurkawa, Belbin/Agosto suna da 14 daga cikinsu. Adadin su na 6.0 a Gasar Amurka shine na biyu kawai ga Michelle Kwan (38). A cikin Fabrairu 2005, Belbin/Agosto sun shirya kuma suka yi a cikin nasu nunin fa'idar fa'idar wasan skating, Skate Aid for Tsunami Relief, wanda ya tara sama da $37,000 don ayyukan agaji na Red Cross. Belbin/Agosto ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2005 Lambun azurfa da suka samu tare da sanya sauran tawagar Amurkawa sun ba Amurka maki uku a gasar Olympics a raye-rayen kankara, karo na farko da hakan ya faru tun 1984. Ta wata doka ta musamman ta Majalisar da ta wuce ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2005, wadda Shugaba Bush ya rattaba hannu a kan Sabuwar Shekara ta 2005, Belbin ta zama yar asalin Amurka, wanda ya sa ta sami damar shiga Amurka a wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na 2006 Belbin/Agosto ya ci gaba da lashe lambar azurfa ta Olympics a cikin rawan kankara a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2006. Su ne tawagar Amurka ta farko ta raye-rayen kankara tun shekara ta 1976, shekarar farko da aka fafata a gasar wasannin Olympics, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics. Belbin/Agosto ya fara kakar 2006–2007 tare da raye-raye na kyauta da ake kira Wannan Nishaɗi ne amma ya isa Nationals tare da sabon shiri ga kiɗan Amelie. Sun ci zinare a Nationals, lambar azurfa a Nahiyoyi huɗu, da tagulla a Duniya. A cikin 2007-2008, sun lashe lambobin zinare a Skate America da Cup of China wanda ya ba su damar zuwa gasar Grand Prix na karshe, inda suka dauki lambar azurfa. Sun ci takensu na ƙasa na 5 sannan suka sanya na 4 a Gasar Duniya ta 2008 bayan faɗuwar da Belbin ta yi a raye-rayen dole. Belbin/Agosto sun kasance memba na zakarun na yau da kullun a balaguron kankara daga 2004 har COI ta fita kasuwanci bayan kakar 2007. baƙi a wani ɓangare na 2008 Taurari akan balaguron kankara. A cikin Afrilu 2008, Belbin Agosto ya bar Igor Shpilband kuma ya fara aiki tare da ƙungiyar masu horar da aure na Natalia Linichuk da Gennadi Karponosov a Ice Works Skating Complex a Aston, Pennsylvania Baya ga koyar da fasaha daban-daban, Linichuk ya shawarci Belbin ya sami nauyin kilo 10 kuma ya haɓaka wasu tsokoki don yin wasan tsere da sauri da ruwa. Wannan kuma ya ba wa Belbin ƙarin ƙarfi don riƙe muƙamanta da kyau, don haka ya sauƙaƙa ɗagawa ga Agosto. Belbin/Agosto ya fara kakar 2008-2009 a 2008 Skate America da 2008 Cup of China, ya lashe azurfa a duka gasa. Sun janye daga 2008 2009 ISU Grand Prix Final bayan raye-rayen asali saboda raunin baya ga Agosto. Sun fice daga gasar Amurka ta 2009 kafin a fara taron saboda raunin da Agosto ya samu. An nada su a cikin tawagar zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2009 A Worlds, sun ci raye-raye na asali kuma sun sanya na biyu a cikin tilas da raye-raye na kyauta don lashe lambar azurfa gabaɗaya. Belbin/Agosto sun lashe gasar Grand Prix a cikin kakar 2009-10: Kofin 2009 na China da 2009 Skate America Sun fice daga gasar Grand Prix Final saboda dalilai na likita. A Gasar Cin Kofin Amurka ta 2010, ba su iya kwato taken ƙasarsu ba, inda suka ƙare na biyu a bayan Meryl Davis da Charlie White An zabi Belbin/Agosto don wakiltar Amurka a gasar Olympics ta lokacin sanyi ta 2010 Sun kare a matsayi na 4 a gasar raye-rayen kankara Ba su yi gasa ba a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010 A kan Disamba 15, 2015, US Figure Skating sanar Belbin da Agosto za su kasance mambobi na US Figure Skating Hall of Fame Class na 2016. An gudanar da bikin ƙaddamarwa a ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2016, a Gasar Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Amurka na 2016 Haifaffun 1982 Rayayyun mutane Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

23944

https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzammil%20H.%20Siddiqi

Muzammil H. Siddiqi

Muzammil H. Siddiqi (an haife shi 1943). Ba’amurke ne kuma Musulmi marubuci wanda ya kasance a jami’ar Chapman. Ilimi An haife shi a Indiya a shekara ta 1943, ya sami ilimin farko a Jami'ar Musulmi ta Aligarh da Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow, India. Siddiqi ya kammala karatunsa a Jami’ar Musulunci ta Madina da ke Saudiya a shekarar ta 1965 da digirin digirgir a fannin Larabci da Nazarin Addinin Musulunci Ya sami MA a ilimin tauhidi daga Jami'ar Birmingham a Ingila da Ph.D. a Kwatancen Addini daga Jami'ar Harvard a Amurka. Sana'a Siddiqi yayi aiki da ƙungiyoyin addinin Islama da dama a Switzerland, Ingila da Amurka. Shi ne Shugaban Kwamitin Harkokin Addini na Ƙungiyar Daliban Musulmi a Amurka da Kanada. Siddiqi ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Cibiyar Musulunci ta Washington, DC Ya yi wa'adi biyu a shekara ta (1997 -zuwa 2001) a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Musulunci ta Arewacin Amurka tare da hedikwata a Indiana. Tun daga shekara ta 1981, yana aiki a matsayin Daraktan Ƙungiyar Musulunci ta Orange County a Garden Grove, California. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Shura ta Kudancin California, kungiya mai wakiltar cibiyoyin Musulunci, masajid da kungiyoyi a Kudancin California. Shine shugaban majalisar Fiqhu (Shari'ar Musulunci) ta Arewacin Amurka. Shi memba ne na kafa Majalisar Masallatai a Amurka da Kanada. A fannin ilimi yana aiki a matsayin babban malamin Addinin Musulunci a Jami'ar Chapman da ke Orange, California. Shi ma mai binciken waje ne ga Sassan Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a Jami'ar Durban-Westville a Afirka ta Kudu, Jami'ar Karachi, Pakistan da Jami'ar Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Bangaren kasa da kasa, Shi memba ne a majalisar koli ta addinin musulunci ta Masar da majalisar koli ta masallatai da ke birnin Makka na kasar Saudiyya, kuma mamba ne na kwamitin zartarwa na majalisar kasa da kasa ta majalisar malamai a Makka. Shi memba ne na kafa Majalisar 100 na Dandalin Tattalin Arzikin Duniya da ke Switzerland. Majalisar tana da niyyar haɓaka tattaunawa da ingantacciyar alaƙa tsakanin Musulunci da Yamma. Ya gudanar da shirin rediyo na addini na mako -mako daga Pasadena daga shekara ta 1982 zuwa 2004. Ya ba da gudummawar labarai da yawa ga Jaridun Musulunci da Ilimi, Encyclopedias da sauran wallafe -wallafe. Yana rubuta shafi na mako -mako na Pakistan Link a Los Angeles kan batutuwan shari'ar Musulunci da matsalolin zamantakewa. Tafiya da laccoci Siddiqi ya yi balaguro kuma ya yi karatu a jami'o'i, kwalejoji da sauran cibiyoyin ilimi da na addini a ƙasashe guda 28, wato Saudi Arabia, Afirka ta Kudu, Ingila, Masar, Indiya, Pakistan, Turkiya, Trinidad, Guyana, Grenada, Barbados, Mauritius, New Zealand, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, Jamus, Poland, Ukraine, Austria, Italy, Spain, Gibraltar, Brazil, Argentina, Amurka da Kanada. Ya koyar da darussan Musulunci da addinan duniya a Jami'ar Harvard, Kwalejin Essex County a Newark, New Jersey, Jami'ar Seton Hall a South Orange, New Jersey, Jami'ar Birmingham, Ingila, Jami'ar Musulunci ta Duniya, Islamabad, Pakistan da Jami'ar Jihar California, Long Beach. Yau Siddiqi ya zama limami a kungiyar Musulunci ta Orange County a Garden Grove, California Shi ne kuma Daraktan al’umma kuma shugaban Majalisar Fiqhu ta Arewacin Amurka. Hakanan malami ne a Jami'ar Chapman Shirye -shiryen addinai Dokta Siddiqi shine Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Yahudanci-Kirista da Nazarin Addinin Musulunci a Jami'ar California da ke Los Angeles (UCLA). Ya halarci tattaunawa da yawa tsakanin addinai. Ya yi jawabi a Babban Taron Majalisar Coci -Coci na Duniya a Vancouver, Kanada da Majalisar Addinai ta Duniya a Vatican, Majalisar Addinai ta Duniya a Chicago. Ya halarci tarurrukan karawa juna sani da Majalisar Majami'u ta Kasa da Majalisar Kiristoci da Yahudawa ta Kasa suka shirya a Amurka. A watan Satumbar 2001 a Ranar Addu'a da Tunawa ta Kasa Shugaba George Bush ya gayyace shi don jagorantar Sallar Musulmi a Sallar Addinai a Babban Cocin Washington na Kasa. A watan Satumba na shekara ta 2006 Shugaba Bush ya sake gayyace shi don jagorantar addu'ar mabiya addinai a ranar cika shekaru 5 na 9/11 a Ground Zero a New York. Kyaututtuka da karramawa Siddiqi ya sami lambar yabo ta Gwarzon Shekara a 1999 daga Majalisar Kiristoci da Yahudawa ta Kasa. A cikin Nuwamba shekara ta 2005, Orange County Register ya amince da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane guda 100 mafi tasiri waɗanda suka tsara Orange County a cikin shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka gabata. A watan Agustan Shekara ta 2006, a matsayin wani bangare na musamman da ake kira "The West 100 Los Angeles Times ta amince da Siddiqi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutane guda 100 mafi ƙarfi a Kudancin California tare da bayanin mai zuwa:" Siddiqi, wanda masallacinsa yana cikin mafi girma a Arewacin Amurka, shine jagoran addinin dubban Musulman Kudancin California a daidai lokacin da kyamar baki ke ci gaba… ya kasance jagora a cikin tuki zuwa gida cewa Musulmai a Amurka, masu son zaman lafiya ne. Masu suka Siddiqi ya kuma bayar da fatawa a kan islamonline.net, yana mai cewa "Ta hanyar shiga tsarin da ba na Musulunci ba, mutum ba zai iya yin mulki da abin da Allah ya yi umarni ba. Amma abubuwa ba sa canzawa cikin dare ɗaya. Canje -canje na zuwa ta wurin haƙuri, hikima da aiki tuƙuru. Na yi imanin cewa a matsayin mu na Musulmai, ya kamata mu shiga cikin tsarin don kare muradun mu kuma mu yi ƙoƙarin kawo canji na sannu a hankali don abin da ya dace, sanadin gaskiya da adalci. Kada mu manta cewa dole ne a kafa dokokin Allah a dukkan ƙasashe, kuma duk ƙoƙarin da muke yi ya kai ga wannan alkibla A cikin shekara ta 2002, hukumomin tarayya sun kai hari hedkwatar Majalisar Fiqhu a matsayin wani ɓangare na Operation Green Quest. Koyaya, ba a kama kowa ba, kuma a zahiri a cikin Yuli shekara ta 2005, Majalisar Fiqhu ta Arewacin Amurka ta ba da fatawa a bainar jama'a inda ta bayyana Allah wadai da ta'addanci da tsattsauran ra'ayin addini. Hanyoyin waje Siddiqi 's profile on IslamOnline.net Tarihin Siddiqi akan gidan yanar gizon Masallacin Illinois na Tsakiya da Cibiyar Musulunci (PDF) <span title="Dead link since September 2010">mahada mutu</span> Shigowar Siddiqi tare da Pakistan Link Shujaat Khan Muzammil Siddiqi ISOC Masjid Manazarta Pages with unreviewed

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca%20Kadaga

Rebecca Kadaga

Rebecca Alitwala Kadaga lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Uganda wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Kakakin Majalisar Uganda daga ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 2011 har zuwa ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 2021. A halin yanzu kuma tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Firayim Minista na farko na Uganda. A lokaci guda kuma tana aiki a matsayin minista mai kula da al'ummomin yankin gabashin Afirka, a majalisar ministocin Uganda. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabar majalisar a tarihin majalisar dokokin Uganda.Ta gaji Edward Ssekandi, wanda ya zama Kakakin Majalisa daga shekarar, 2001 zuwa 2011. Ita ce kuma ƴar majalisa a yanzu (MP) mai wakiltar mazaɓar Kamuli ta mata ta yankin Busoga, wannan muƙamin tana riƙe dashi tun shekarar, 1989. Tarihi da ilimi An haife ta a gundumar Kamuli, Gabashin Uganda, a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta, 1956.Rebecca Kadaga ta halarci Kwalejin Namasagali don karatun sakandare.Ta karanci shari'a a Jami'ar Makerere, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a (LLB), a shekara ta, 1978.Ta ci gaba da samun Diploma a Legal Practice daga Cibiyar Bunkasa Shari'a da ke Kampala a shekara ta, 1979.A shekara ta, 2000, ta sami Diploma a fannin Shari'a daga Jami'ar Zimbabwe.A shekara ta, 2003, ta sami digiri na Master of Arts (MA), ta kware a fannin shari'a, kuma daga Jami'ar Zimbabwe.A cikin shekara ta, 2019, Jami'ar Nkumba, jami'a mai zaman kanta a Uganda, ta ba Kadaga digiri na girmamawa na Doctor of Laws. Gwanintan aiki Tsakanin shekara ta, 1984 zuwa 1988, ta kasance cikin aikin shari'a na sirri. Daga shekara ta, 1989 zuwa 1996 ta zama ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar Kamuli a mazabar mata ta gundumar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Jami'ar na Jami'ar Mbarara, tsakanin shekara ta, 1993 zuwa 1996. A shekarar, 1996, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na kungiyar 'yan majalisar mata ta gabashin Afirka. Daga shekara ta, 1996 zuwa 1998, Rebecca Kadaga ta kasance karamar ministar hadin gwiwar yanki ta Uganda (Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya). Sannan ta yi ministar sadarwa da sufurin jiragen sama daga shekara ta, 1998 zuwa 1999 sannan ta rike mukamin ministar harkokin majalisa daga shekara ta, 1999 zuwa 2000. An zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar kakakin majalisa a shekara ta, 2001, mukamin da ta rike har zuwa ranar 19 ga watan Mayun shekara ta, 2011, lokacin da aka zabe ta shugabar majalisar. Bayan zaben gama gari na watan Fabrairu shekara ta, 2016, Kadaga ta zama kakakin majalisa gaba daya a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekara ta, 2016. A ranar 20 ga watan Disamba shekara ta, 2017, Kadaga ta jagoranci Majalisar Dokokin Uganda yayin da ta gabatar da wani gyare-gyare ga kundin tsarin mulkin kasar wanda, a cikin wasu matakai, ta kawar da sharuddan cewa 'yan takarar da ke neman shugabancin kasar ba su kai shekaru 75 ba. Gyaran tsarin dai ya baiwa Museveni damar tsayawa takarar shugaban kasar Uganda a wa'adi na shida a kan karagar mulki. A ranar 14 ga watan Janairu shekara ta, 2021, an sake zabar Kadaga a matsayin wakiliyar mata a gundumar Kamuli. Saboda haka ta shiga yakin neman ci gaba da rike mukaminta na shugaban majalisa a karo na uku. Kadaga ta sha kaye a hannun tsohon mataimakinta Jacob Oulanyah bayan da jam'iyyarta ta National Resistance Movement (NRM) ta yi nasara a zaben. Ayyukan majalisa Bayan ayyukanta na shugabar majalisar dokokin Uganda, ta zauna a cikin kwamitocin majalisar kamar haka: Kwamitin Nadawa Kwamitin na duba duk nadin majalisar da shugaban kasa ya yi, kuma yana iya amincewa ko kin amincewa da nadin: Shugaban majalisar ne ke shugabantar kwamitin. Hukumar Majalisar Shugaban Majalisar ne ke jagorantar Hukumar Kwamitin Kasuwanci Shugaban majalisar ya jagoranci kwamitin Rigima Kadaga ta sha alwashin zartar da dokar hana luwadi da madigo ta Uganda ta hannun majalisar dokokin kasar nan da watan Disamba na shekara ta, 2012.Kudirin doka wani lokaci ana kiranta da "Kill the Gays bill" a wani lokaci ta nemi sanya ayyukan luwadi da hukuncin kisa ko daurin rai da rai amma daga baya ta cire zabin hukuncin kisa daga cikin kudirin.Ta ce zai zama doka tun da yawancin 'yan Uganda "suna bukatar hakan". A cikin watan Disamba na shekara ta, 2012, Kadaga ta kasance a Roma don ba da jawabi a taro na bakwai na Majalisar Tuntuba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kotunan Laifukan Kasa da Kasa da Doka. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa Kadaga ta samu albarka daga Paparoma Benedict na 16 a wani taro na Vatican.Jim kadan bayan da wannan labarin ya fito, kakakin fadar Vatican Fada Federico Lombardi ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke cewa: “Dangantaka da tawagar ba ta sabawa al’ada ba, kuma ba a samu wata albarka ba."Kungiyar 'yan majalisar dokokin Ugandan sun gai da Paparoma "kamar dai yadda sauran mutanen da ke halartar taron tare da Paparoma zai yi" kuma wannan ba wata alama ce ta amincewa da ayyuka ko shawarwarin Kadaga ba. A cikin watan Maris a shekara ta, 2020, yayin bala'in COVID-19, Kadaga ya wallafa a twitter cewa "an gano wani fesa, wanda ke kashe kwayar cutar Corona nan take kuma za a hada shi a Uganda".Ta ba da ra'ayi cewa abin da daga baya za a fahimta a matsayin mai sauƙin sanitizer shine ainihin magani ga COVID-19 kuma ya sami koma baya daga Ugandan a kan kafofin watsa labarun da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun likitocin kamar ƙungiyar likitocin Uganda, da Ƙungiyar Magunguna ta Uganda.Ta mayar da martani tare da kiran mutanen kungiyar marasa kwakwalwa. A cikin watan Afrilun shekara ta, 2020, yayin bala'in COVID-19, Kadaga da sauran 'yan majalisarta sun ware wa kansu sama da shilin Uganda biliyan 10 na abin da ake nufi da su zama kuɗaɗen agaji don ƙoƙarin yaƙi da cutar da kuma rikice-rikicen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Manazarta Rayayyun Mutane Haifaffun

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Bart

Philippe-François Bart

Philippe-François Bart (28 ga Fabrairu 1706 12 Maris 1784)Jikan Admiral Jean Bart, wani jami’in sojan ruwa ne na Faransa wanda ya kasance Gwamnan Saint-Domingue (yanzu Haiti)daga 1757 zuwa 1761 a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai. Shekaru na farko (1706-1722) An haifi Philippe-François Bart a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1706 a Dunkirk. Mahaifinsa shi ne mataimakin-admiral François Cornil Bart (1677-1755),kuma kakansa shi ne mai zaman kansa Jean Bart (1650-1702).Louis XIV ya girmama dangin Bart,kuma an buga wasiƙun masu martaba a cikin Mercure de France a cikin Oktoba 1694.Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Marie Catherine Viguereux(23 Agusta 1686 25 Nuwamba 1741).A cikin 1717 ya shiga Collège de Quatre Nations a Paris.Dan uwansa Gaspard-François Bart ya shiga makarantar shekaru uku bayan haka. Aikin sojan ruwa (1722-1756) Bart ya shiga Gardes de la Marine a shekara ta 1722.An kara masa girma zuwa ship-of-the-line lieutenant lieutenant de vaisseau a 1741.Ya zama kyaftin na jirgin ruwa capitaine de vaisseau )a kan 1 Afrilu 1748.Ya kasance Laftanar de tashar jiragen ruwa a Fort Royal(Fort-de-France),Martinique a cikin 1753.A ranar 2 ga Yuni 1756 a Dunkirk ya auri Péronne Jeanne Elisabeth Huguet du Hallier (10 Janairu).1737 10 Mayu 1774). Gwamnan Saint-Domingue (1756-1761) Yaƙin ruwa na 20 ga Mayu 1756 da ɗaukar Menorca ya biyo bayan sanarwar yaƙi da Faransanci na Ingilishi.Wannan shine farkon Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai .Ba a buga ayyana yakin ba a birnin Paris har sai ranar 16 ga watan Yuni.Daga ranar 29 ga watan Yuni zuwa 5 ga watan Yuli manyan mashahuran mutane daban-daban sun isa Dunkirk don duba halin da ake ciki a can tare da tuntubar Kyaftin Philippe-François Bart, kwamandan sojojin ruwa a Dunkirk,da sauran shugabannin ma'aikata.An nada Bart Gwamna kuma Laftanar Janar na Saint-Domingue a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1756, kuma Majalisar Le Cap ta karbe shi a ranar 14 ga Maris 1757,da Majalisar Port-au-Prince a ranar 8 ga Yuli 1757.Ya maye gurbin Joseph-Hyacinthe de Rigaud. A matsayinsa na gwamna,Bart ya ba da goyon baya na ci gaba ga Yarima Joseph de Bauffremont,wanda ya ba da umarnin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a cikin yankunan Faransanci a Amurka.A ranar 16 ga Maris 1757 wani tawagar Faransa a karkashin Bauffremont ya ci karo da HMS Greenwich mai lamba 50 a Bay,Santo Domingo,kuma bayan kwana biyu ya kama jirgin,wanda aka kai zuwa Saint Domingue.A ranar 5 ga Yuni 1757 Bauffremont ya shiga Louisbourg tare da jiragen ruwa biyar na layin da wani jirgin ruwa daga Saint Domingue.Bart da Lalanne sun lura a cikin wasiƙar 17 Nuwamba 1758 cewa buccaneers,waɗanda zasu iya zama babban albarkatu, sun ɓace a hankali tun lokacin da aka fara yaƙi. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na yakin,babu wani gagarumin rashi a Saint Domingue,amma yayin da turawan Ingila suka tsaurara matakan tsaro,ciki har da kwace jiragen ruwa masu tsaka-tsaki da kuma sanya shinge,Bart da Jean-Baptiste Laporte-Lalanne sun fara fargabar yunwa.Giya da gari sun yi tsada sosai a Cap François tsakanin Oktoba 1757 da Fabrairu 1758,amma sai ya zama mai araha.Kodayake farashin ya bambanta sosai,'yan kasuwa masu tsaka-tsaki da Tutar New England na jiragen ruwa na Truce sun kiyaye kayayyaki.A ranar 13 ga Mayu 1761 Bart da Clugny sun ba da wata doka da ke ba da izinin kafa kasuwar kayayyaki (bourse au commerce )a Le Cap. A ranar 26 ga Yuli 1757 Bart da Laporte-Lalanne sun ba da wata doka da ke bayyana ingantaccen sabis na gidan waya a cikin yankin. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1759 Bart ya ba da wata doka game da zaɓi na baƙar fata don ɗaukar makami a kan maƙiyan jihar,tare da farfado da daidaita dokar da gwamna Choiseul da Mithon suka bayar a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1709.Baƙar fata za su sami lada ta kyauta,fansho ko ma 'yanci don ayyukan da suka fi fice. Bart da Jean-Etienne-Bernard de Clugny sun ba da wata doka a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1761 game da rajistar sunayen ƙasa. Bart ya rubuta a cikin 1761 cewa an baje jimlar fararen 8,000 tare da wasanni sama da 300 na bakin teku,yayin da baƙar fata kusan 200,000, bayinsu da abokan gabansu,ke kewaye da su dare da rana. Ya zama wajibi a dauki wadannan turawa 8,000 da mata da yaransu makamai. Shekarun ƙarshe (1761-1784) An nada Gabriel de Bory don ya gaji Bart a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1761, kuma Majalisar Le Cap ta karbe shi a ranar 30 ga Maris 1762.A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 1764 Bart ya sami mukamin kwamandan squadron (chef d'escadre ).Ya yi ritaya a matsayin shugaban squadron a 1764.A ranar 1 ga Janairu 1766 an nada shi jarumi na Order of Saint Louis .Bart ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Maris 1784 a Paris.Ba shi da

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olufunmilayo%20Olopade

Olufunmilayo Olopade

Olufunmilayo I. Olopade (an haife tane a shekarar 1957 a Najeriya ta kasan ce taba da ilimin Hematology oncologist, Mataimakin Dean for Global Health da Walter L. Palmer bambanta Service Farfesa a Medicine da kuma Human Genetics a Jami'ar Chicago Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darekta na Asibitin Jami'ar Chicago Asibitin Hadarin Ciwon Kansa. Rayuwa An haifi Olufunmilayo Olopade a Najeriya a cikin shekara1957 kuma ita ce ta biyar cikin yara shida da wani mawaƙin Anglican ya haifa. Olopade ya fara nuna sha'awar zama likita tun yana karami saboda kauyukan Najeriya sun yi karanci ga likitoci da kayan aikin likitanci, wadanda dukkansu suna matukar bukatar hakan. Ta kammala karatun ta ne a Jami’ar Ibadan, Nijeriya, da MBBS, a 1980. Tana aiki kafada da kafada da Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Kanji kuma ta yi aikin asibiti mai yawa game da tasirin kwayar halittar BRCA1 da BRCA2 a cikin cutar sankarar mama a cikin matan asalin Afirka. Ita memba ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Kankara ta Amurka, Kwalejin Likitocin Amurka, da Kungiyar Likitocin Najeriya, da Cibiyar Magunguna Farkon aiki 1980-1981: Ta kasance jami'ar lafiya a asibitin sojan ruwan Najeriya 1983-1984: Kwararren Magungunan Cikin Gida a asibitin Cook County a Chicago 1984-1986: Ya zama Mazaunin Magungunan Ciki a Asibitin Cook County 1986-1987: Ya Zama Babban Mazaunin 1991: Ya shiga malami a Jami'ar Chicago a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a ilimin kimiyyar jinya da ilimin halittar jiki 1991-Yanzu: Makarantar Medicine ta Pritzker 1992-A halin yanzu: Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Kankara ta Hoto (Jami'ar Chicago) Lamban girma 1975: Kyautar Gwanin Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya 1978: Kyautar Associationungiyar Likitocin Nijeriya don Ingantuwa a fannin Ilimin Yara 1980: Kyautar Associationungiyar Likitocin Nijeriya don Inganci a Fannin Magunguna 1990: Ellen Ruth Lebow Fellowship 1991: Americanungiyar (asar Amirka don Kyautar Ciwon Maganin Matasan Ciwon Magunguna 1992: James S. McDonnell Foundation Masanin Ilimin 2000: Doris Duke Bambancin Kyautar Masanin Kimiyya 2003: Kyautar Mace Mai Ba da Aiki don aiki a tsakanin -ungiyar Ba-Amurken Afirka 2005: Jaruman Cibiyar Sadarwar Jama'a a cikin Kyautar Kula da Lafiya 2005 MacArthur Fellows Program 2015: Kyautar Yanci Hudu 2017: Jami'ar Mendel ta Jami'ar Villanova A ranar Asabar, 18 ga Mayu, 2019, Kwalejin Lincoln ta Illinois ta ba Olopade Dokar Lincoln lambar yabo, mafi girma girmamawa da Jihar Illinois ta bayar Olufunmilayo Olopade na ɗaya daga cikin Ba’amurke-Ba’amurke su uku da suka karɓi kyautar 500,000. John D. da Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation ne suka nada wannan kyautar. Wannan "babu wani abin da aka haɗa" an ba da tallafin ne a matsayin tallafi har zuwa shekaru biyar kuma an kira shi "kyautar baiwa." Wannan kyautar ta ba Olopade damar ci gaba da bincike game da abubuwan da ta gano kan cututtuka da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Iyali Ta auri Christopher Sola Olopade, shi ma likita ne a Jami’ar Chicago, a 1983; suna da ‘ya’ya mata biyu, ciki har da dan jarida Dayo Olopade, da kuma ɗa daya. Bincike Mafi yawan binciken nata ya kasance kan saukin kamuwa da cutar kansa, wanda daga nan ne za a yi amfani da shi don amfani da ingantacciyar hanyar kula da cutar sankarar mama a tsakanin daidaikun Afirka da Afirka-Amurkawa da yawan jama'a. A shekarar 1987 a Jami'ar Chicago, ta sami kwayar halitta wacce ta taimaka wajen dakile ci gaban tumo. A cikin 1992, Olopade ya taimaka ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon cerwayar Ciwon Kanikanci ta Jami'ar Chicago. Anan ta gano cewa matan Ba-Amurkan sukan kamu da cutar sankarar mama a lokacin da suke kanana mata. A shekarar 2003, ta fara wani sabon nazari wanda ke duba kansar nono da halittar jini daga matan Afirka daga Najeriya zuwa Senegal da ma matan Ba-Amurke a Chicago. A shekara ta 2005 ta gano cewa kashi 80% na ciwan ciki a cikin matan Afirka ba sa buƙatar estrogen don ya girma idan aka kwatanta da kashi 20% na ƙari a cikin matan Caucasian. Ta kuma gano cewa wannan ya samo asali ne daga wani salo na nuna jinsi tsakanin matan Afirka da matan Caucasian. Manazarta Diddigin bayanai na waje "Olufunmilayo Olopade, MD, Likitan Likita" UChicago Medicine "Hirar SciCom din: Olufunmilayo Olopade" "Dr. Olufunmilayo Olopade" Tavis Smiley, 10 ga Yuli, 2009 "Shin Amsar a cikin Jinin ku take?" Port Harlem, Feb Apr 2008 "Ciwon Nono a cikin Matan Baƙi Na Iya Haɗuwa da Yanayin Unguwa, Nazarin Ya Bada Shawara", ScienceDaily, Mar. 20, 2008 "Olopade, Olufunmilayo." Masu buga labarai 2006 Tattarawa. An dawo a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2020 daga Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/books/culture-magazines/olopade-olufunmilayo Mata Mutane Ƴan Najeriya Rayayyun mutane Pages with unreviewed

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yankin%20yancin%20ciniki%20na%20Afirka

Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka

Yankin Ciniki na Afirka (AFTZ) yanki ne na cinikayya kyauta wanda aka sanar a taron koli na EAC-SADC-COMESA a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2008 ta shugabannin Kudancin Afirka (SADC), Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afrika (COMESA) da Kudanci na Afirka (EAC). Yankin Ciniki na Afirka kuma ana kiransa Yankin Cinikayya na Afirka a wasu takardun hukuma da sakonnin manema labarai. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 an kara ra'ayin don hada da ECOWAS, ECCAS da AMU. A watan Yunin 2015, a taron koli na Tarayyar Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu, an kaddamar da shawarwari don ƙirƙirar Yankin Ciniki na Continental (CFTA) tare da dukkan jihohin Tarayyar Afrika 55 a shekarar 2017. Sa hannu Shugabannin bangarorin kasuwanci guda uku na AFTZ, COMESA, EAC, da SADC, sun sanar da yarjejeniyar, tare da manufar kirkirar yankin cinikayya kyauta guda daya da za a kira shi Yankin Ciniki na Afirka, wanda ya kunshi kasashe 26 tare da GDP na kimanin US 624bn 382.9bn). An yi fatan cewa yarjejeniyar Yankin Ciniki na Afirka za ta sauƙaƙa samun dama ga kasuwanni a cikin yankin AFTZ kuma ta kawo ƙarshen matsaloli saboda yawancin ƙasashe membobin AFTZ na ƙungiyoyin yanki da yawa. Yankin Ciniki na Afirka da aka sanar a taron koli na EAC-SADC-COMESA (wanda aka fi sani da taron koli na AFTZ da Tripartite) yadda ya kamata shine cikar mafarki sama da shekaru ɗari a cikin yin, yankin kasuwanci wanda ya mamaye tsawon nahiyar Afirka daga Cape zuwa Alkahira, daga Arewacin Afirka har zuwa kudancin Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu (Cape Town). Cecil Rhodes da sauran masu mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ne suka yi tunanin mafarkin Cape zuwa Alkahira a cikin shekarun 1890 kuma an bayyana shi a cikin mahallin da sassan daban-daban ciki har da, amma ba a iyakance shi ba, manufofi masu zuwa: Cape zuwa Alhira Road, Cape zuwa Alhairo Railway, Cape zuwa Cairo Telegraph, da Cape zuwa Cairo Trade Union. Duk da yake wasu iko, musamman Jamus da Portugal suna da yankuna ko wuraren tasiri a yankin kasuwanci na Cape zuwa Alkahira da aka yi la'akari da su, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar Cape zuwa Alihira zai kasance Burtaniya da Daular Burtaniya. Babban bambanci a cikin ra'ayin asalin yankin Cape zuwa Alkahira da kuma halin da yake ciki yanzu shi ne cewa Yankin Ciniki na Afirka shine kirkirar Kasashen Afirka don amfanin juna da ci gaban kasashe membobin AFTZ, mutanensu da dukan nahiyar Afirka maimakon yankin kasuwanci don amfanin Burtaniya. Daga ƙarshe, ana fatan AFTZ za ta zama babban gini ga hadin kan Afirka da kuma cimma burin Afirka a karkashin jagorancin Tarayyar Afirka. Wani muhimmin bambanci tsakanin asalin da na yanzu shine cewa AFTZ ya ƙunshi yanki mafi girma fiye da wanda ko da Cecil Rhodes zai iya tunaninsa. Tunanin Cape zuwa Alkahira na asali a lokacin Cecil Rhodes kuma yanzu a ƙarƙashin AFTZ yanki ne na cinikayya kyauta wanda ya mamaye dukan nahiyar daga Cape Town a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Alkahora a Misira. Cecil Rhodes' Cape to Cairo zai hada da kasashe da yawa. Bayanan da ke cikin Cape zuwa yankin Alkahira na yanzu wanda AFTZ ta tabbatar ya ƙunshi mafi yawan Afirka, kusan rabin ƙasashe (26 daga cikin 54), fiye da rabin samarwa, kasuwanci, yawan jama'a, ƙasa da albarkatu. Idan ya tabbatar da iyawarsa kuma ya zama ƙungiyar tattalin arziki da ta dace da gaske, AFTZ na iya yin gasa da kowane ƙungiyar tattalin arziki tare da manyan albarkatun ƙasa, manyan kasuwanni, matasa, da babbar ƙwarewar fasaha (yawanci ta hanyar SADC gabaɗaya da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu musamman). Baya ga kawar da membobin da ke da ma'ana da kuma matsalar kasashe membobin da suka shiga cikin wasu tsare-tsaren hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki na yanki da tsare-tsare na hadin gwiwoyin siyasa da tsaro na yanki waɗanda zasu iya yin gasa da ko lalata juna, Yankin Ciniki na Afirka ya ci gaba da niyyar karfafa ikon cinikayya na AFTZ yayin tattaunawar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa. Masu sharhi sun yi imanin cewa yarjejeniyar Yankin Ciniki na Afirka za ta taimaka wa cinikayya ta cikin yanki da haɓaka ci gaba. Ana ɗaukar AFTZ a matsayin babban mataki a aiwatar da AEC, ƙungiyar jihohin Tarayyar Afirka da ke kafa tushe don ci gaban tattalin arziki tsakanin yawancin jihohin Afirka. Manufofin da aka bayyana na kungiyar AEC sun hada da kirkirar yankunan kasuwanci kyauta, kungiyoyin kwastam, kasuwa guda, babban banki, da kuma kudin gama gari don haka kafa ƙungiyar tattalin arziki da kuɗi ga Tarayyar Afirka. Yankunan kasuwanci Kungiyoyin kasuwanci guda uku da suka amince da su kuma sun hada da AFTZ, COMESA, EAC da SADC, sun riga sun kafa su da kyau a cikin hakkinsu kuma sun rufe yankuna daban-daban na ƙasa, tsarin tattalin arziki, tsarin siyasa da kuma mutane daban-daban (wanda ya hada da Larabawa a Arewa, mutane masu launin fata a Gabas da Kudu, gami da adadi mai yawa na 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, gamo da Indiyawan Indiya, da sauran kungiyoyin Afirka masu launin fata da suka haɗu da miliyoyin Afirka ta Kudu). Yawancin membobin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin AFTZ guda uku sun haɗu tare da ƙasashe da yawa kasancewa memba na fiye da ɗaya daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na memba na AFTZ da kuma memba na wasu kawance a ciki da ba tare da rukunin kasuwanci guda uku ba. Muhimmancin tarihi na AFTZ Taron EAC-SADC-COMESA an dauke shi tarihi ne saboda a karo na farko, tun lokacin da aka haifi Tarayyar Afirka, manyan gine-gine da yawa na EAC sun hadu kan yadda za a haɗa yankuna da kuma matsawa zuwa zurfafawa da fadada hadin kai a cikin Yarjejeniyar Abuja gaba ɗaya don kafa AEC. Bugu da ƙari, a karo na farko da aka kafa haɗin kai na gaske, daga arewa zuwa kudancin nahiyar. AFTZ (EAC, COMESA da SADC) a halin yanzu suna da jimillar yawan mutane miliyan 527 da jimilwar GDP na dala biliyan 625. A cikin girman da iyawa, AFTZ tana gasa da yawancin rukunin kasuwanci. SADC ita ce mafi girma daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin AFTZ kuma tana rufe yawan mutane miliyan 248 da kuma yankin da jimlar GDP ta kai dala biliyan 379 a shekara ta 2006. An kafa COMESA a cikin 1994 a matsayin maye gurbin Yankin Kasuwanci na Musamman. Ya haɗa da ƙasashe 20, tare da jimlar GDP na US 286.7bn a shekara ta 2006. Daga cikin mambobinta akwai Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda da Sudan. EAC, mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin dangane da GDP, yana da GDP na US 46.6bn a shekara ta 2006. Ƙasashen membobin Kasashen EAC-SADC-COMESA na Yankin Ciniki na Afirka sun hada da kasashe masu zuwa: Shugabannin taron AFTZ Taron AFTZ, wanda kuma ake kira Taron Tripartite an buɗe shi kuma shugabannin kasashe shida na Afirka da ke wakiltar kungiyoyin kasuwanci membobin ne suka halarta. Wadanda suka halarci taron budewa a ranar Laraba sun kasance Shugabannin Yoweri Museveni na Uganda, Paul Kagame na Rwanda, Robert Mugabe na Zimbabwe, Kgalema Motlanthe na Afirka ta Kudu, Jakaya Kikwete na Tanzania da Mwai Kibaki na Kenya. Taron Tattalin Arziki na AFTZ Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati masu zuwa sun halarci taron na AFTZ Tripartite: Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Uganda Mwai Kibaki, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Kenya Kgalema Motlanthe, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Tanzania Paul Kagame, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Rwanda Robert Gabriel Mugabe, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Zimbabwe Pakalitha Mosisili, Firayim Minista na Masarautar Lesotho Gabriel Ntisezerana, Mataimakin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Burundi na biyu Sibusiso Barnabas Dlamini, Firayim Minista na Masarautar Swaziland Masu wakilci masu zuwa sun wakilci Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati na ƙasashe masu zuwa: Olivier Kamitatu Etshou, Ministan Shirye-shiryen, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo; Rifki Abdoulkader Bamakhrama Ministan Kasuwanci, da Masana'antu, Jamhuriyar Djibouti; Osman Mohamed, Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki, Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar Ali Abd Alazziz Alsawi, Sakatare Janar na Tattalin Arziki, Ciniki da Zuba Jamahiriya, Babban Jama'ar Larabawa na Libya Joyce Banda, Ministan Harkokin Waje, Jamhuriyar Malawi Arvind Boolell, Ministan Harkokin Waje, Haɗin Yankin da Ciniki na Duniya, Jamhuriyar Mauritius; Antonion Fernando, Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, Jamhuriyar Mozambique Bradford Machila, Ministan Lands kuma Wakilin Musamman na Darajarsa Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da kuma Wakilin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Zambia Joaquim Duarte da Costa David, Ministan Masana'antu na Jamhuriyar Angola Neo D. Moroka, Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Jamhuriyar Botswana Patrick Pillay, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Jamhuriyar Seychelles Hassan Ibrahim Gadkarim, Jakadan Jamhuriyar Sudan a Jamhuriwar Uganda, Jamhuriyan Rwanda da Jamhuriyoyin Burundi Wilfried I. Emvula, Jakada kuma Wakilin Dindindin a Tarayyar Afirka da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka, Jamhuriyar Namibia Salih Omar Abdu, Jakadan Jihar Eritrea a Jamhuriyar Kenya, Jamhuriwar Uganda da Jamhuriyan Tarayyar Tanzania Denis Andriamandroso, Jakadan Jamhuriyar Madagascar a Jamhuriwar Afirka ta Kudu Jakadan Clifford Sibusiso Mamba, Sakatare na Dindindin, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki, Masarautar Swaziland Jami'ai masu zuwa sun wakilci kungiyoyinsu a taron koli na uku: Erastus J.O. Mwencha, Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka; Lalla Ben Barka; Mataimakin Babban Sakataren, UNECA; Mtchera J. Chirwa, Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka; Kasaija Apuuli, IGAD; da Jakadan Liberata Mulamula, Babban Sakatare, Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Great Lakes Har ila yau a cikin halarta akwai manyan jami'an zartarwa na COMESA Mista Sindiso Ngwenya, Sakatare Janar na COMESA EAC Amb. Juma Mwapachu SADC Dokta Tomaz Augusto Salomao, Babban Sakatare, SADC. Shugaban SA a kan AFTZ Shugaba Kgalema Motlanthe na Afirka ta Kudu yana magana a Kampala, Uganda, a taron al'ummomin tattalin arziki na yanki uku na Afirka, ya yi jayayya cewa AFTZ muhimmiyar mataki ce a hadewar tattalin arzikin Afirka da kuma hadin kan nahiyar. Tare da babban rashin tabbas a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya biyo bayan karuwar farashin abinci da makamashi kuma, kwanan nan, rikice-rikice a cikin kasuwannin kuɗi, Motlanthe ya ba da shawarar cewa zuwan AFTZ ba zai iya kasancewa a kan lokaci ba. Duk da yake Afirka da sauran kasashe masu tasowa suna da tasiri a kan yanke shawara da suka kawo tsarin kudi na kasa da kasa zuwa gefen rushewa, ba tare da dalili ba, matalauta da marasa lafiya na waɗannan ƙasashe za su ɗauki nauyin matsalar tattalin arziki."Yana da mahimmanci cewa ana haɓaka ingantaccen matakan gyara don rage mummunan tasirin rikice-rikicen, kuma dole ne a haɗa ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin shugabancin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi na duniya", in ji Motlanthe. A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a yi aiki don inganta tsarin cinikayya na duniya wanda ya sanya damuwar kasashe masu tasowa, gami da ƙasashen Afirka, a tsakiya. Ya kuma bukaci Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (Comesa), Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka (EAC), da Kudanfin Kudancin Afrika (SADC), kara hadin kai zuwa ga mafi girman hadin kai. "Tsarin da muke fara a yau yana nuna mataki na tarihi don cika wajibai a karkashin Tarayyar Afirka da tsarin Yarjejeniyar Abuja na hadin kan nahiyar, wanda ya fahimci cewa Al'ummomin Tattalin Arziki na Yankin sune gine-gine ga Al'ummar Tattalin arzikin Afirka. Lokaci ya zo ga Comesa, EAC da SADC don hada shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwar yankunansu don kara fadada kasuwancinsu, buɗe damar samarwa, haɓaka matakan cinikayya a cikin Afirka, da haɓaka damar ci gaba. "A matsayin mataki na gaba na fadada kasuwannin yanki a Afirka, tsarin da muka ƙaddamar a yau zai sanya mu cikin matsayi mai ƙarfi don amsawa yadda ya kamata ga karuwar gasa ta tattalin arzikin duniya kuma zai fara shawo kan ƙalubalen da membobin kungiyoyin yanki da yawa suka kawo. "Saboda haka bari mu yanke shawara da ya dace don yin aiki a hankali kuma tare da ƙuduri don kafa yanki ɗaya na cinikayya kyauta wanda zai haɗa yankunanmu uku cikin ɗaya, Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su Kasuwanci a Afrika Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba

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https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%27adun%20shayi%20na%20kasar%20Sin

Al'adun shayi na kasar Sin

Al'adun shayi na kasar Sin yana nufin yadda ake shirya shayi da kuma lokutan da mutanen da ke shan shayi a China. Al'adar shayi a China ta bambanta da ta ƙasashen Turai kamar Biritaniya da sauran ƙasashen Gabas da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya kamar Japan, Koriya, Vietnam a cikin shiri, ɗanɗano, da kuma lokacin da ake shan sa. Har yanzu ana shan shayi a kai a kai, a lokuta na yau da kullun. Ban da kasancewar shahararren abin sha, ana amfani da shi a cikin magungunan gargajiya na ƙasar Sin har ma a cikin abincin ƙasar ta Sin. Asalin kalma Ana kiran manufar al'adun shayi a cikin Sinanci chayi ("fasahar shan shayi"), ko cha wenhua ("al'adun shayi"). Kalmar cha tana kuma nufin abin sha wanda aka samo daga Camellia sinensis, shuka shayi. Kafin ƙarni na 8 KZ, an san shayi tare a ƙarƙashin kalmar (pinyin: tú) tare da adadi mai yawa na sauran tsirrai masu ɗaci. Waɗannan haruffan Sinanci guda biyu iri ɗaya ne, in banda ƙarin bugun a tsaye a cikin harafin na Sin, wanda ke fassara zuwa shayi. Tsohuwar halayyar ta ƙunshi m pin (pinyin: cǎo) a cikin raguwar da halin (pinyin: yú), wanda ke ba da alamar sautin. Al'adar shan shayi Akwai yanayi na musamman da yawa waɗanda ake shirya sha da ci a cikin al'adun Sinawa, kuma ana kiyaye shi gaba ɗaya a Babban yankin China da Taiwan. Alamar girmamawa Bisa al'adar ƙasar Sin, yakamata membobin samari su nuna girmamawa ga membobin tsofaffi ta hanyar ba da shayi. Gayyatar dattawansu zuwa gidajen cin abinci don shayi wani aiki ne na biki na gargajiya. Sabbin ma'aurata suna ba da shayi ga danginsu tsofaffi. A da, mutanen ƙanƙanta masu zaman kansu suna ba da shayi ga manyan mutane a cikin al'umma. A yau, tare da ƙaruwar walwalar jama'ar kasar Sin, wannan doka da abubuwan da ta kunsa sun zama ba su da kyau. Don neman afuwa A al'adun ƙasar Sin, ana iya bayar da shayi a matsayin wani bangare na neman afuwa. Misali, yaran da ba su da hali na iya ba iyayensu shayi a matsayin alamar nadama da biyayya. Don nuna godiya da yin bukukuwan aure A bikin auren gargajiya na ƙasar Sin, ango da amarya suna durƙusa a gaban iyayensu, da kuma tsoffin dangi irin su manyan iyaye sannan su ba su shayi, sannan su gode musu, tare wanda ke nuna nuna godiya da girmamawa. Bisa ga al'adar, amarya da ango suna hidima ga iyalai biyu. Wannan tsari yana nuna alamar haɗin kai tsakanin iyalai biyun. Taɓa yatsa Taɓa yatsa hanya ce ta yau da kullun don gode wa maigidan shayi ko sabar shayi don shayi. Yayin ko bayan an cika ƙoƙon mutum, mai karɓar shayi na iya danna manuniya da yatsun tsakiya (ɗaya ko fiye a haɗe) don nuna godiya ga mutumin da ya ba da shayi. Wannan al'ada ta zama ruwan dare a kudancin Sin, inda galibi abincinsu ke hade da shayi da yawa. An ce wannan al'ada ta samo asali ne daga daular Qing lokacin da Sarkin Qianlong ya yi balaguro a cikin daular kuma an umurci bayinsa da ke tare da su kada su bayyana ainihin maigidan nasu. Wata rana a wani gidan cin abinci a Kudancin China, Sarki ya zuba wa bawansa shayi. Ga wannan bawan babban abin alfahari ne Sarki ya zuba masa shayi. Ba bisa al'ada ba, yana so ya durƙusa ya rusuna ya nuna godiyarsa ga Sarki, duk da haka ba zai iya yin hakan ba tunda hakan zai bayyana asalin Sarkin. Maimakon haka, ya buga teburin da yatsun lanƙwasa don wakiltar durƙusawa ga Sarkin sarakuna da nuna godiya da girmamawa. A wannan ma'anar, yatsun da aka lanƙwasa da alama suna nuna bawa mai ruku'u. A cikin shagulgulan shayi ana karkada kai ko faɗi "na gode" ya fi dacewa. Shan shayi na ƙasar Sin Hanyoyi daban-daban na dafa shayi a ƙasar Sin sun dogara ne kan masu canji kamar tsarin bikin, hanyoyin mutanen da ke shirya shi, da kuma irin shayin da ake dafawa. Misali, koren shayi ya fi taushi shayi ko baƙar fata sha saboda haka, yakamata a shayar da shayi da ruwa mai sanyaya. Hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta shayi ita ce kawai a ƙara ganyen a cikin tukunyar da ke ɗauke da ruwan zafi. Ana samun wannan hanyar galibi a cikin gidaje da gidajen abinci, alal misali, a cikin mahallin dim sum ko yum cha a cikin gidajen cin abinci na Cantonese. Wata hanyar bautar shayi ita ce amfani da ƙaramin kwano mai rufi wanda ake kira gaiwan. Sarkin Hongwu na daular Ming ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka ɓoyayyen shayi ta hanyar hana keɓaɓɓen shayi Gongfu cha (Kung fu shayi) Gongfu cha, ma'ana "yin shayi da gwaninta", sanannen hanyar shayi ne a China Yanayin amfani da ƙananan tef ɗin Yixing wanda ke riƙe da kusan 100-150 ml (4 ko 5 oz.), girman da ake tsammanin zai haɓaka kayan adon kayan ado da kuma "zagaye" ɗanɗanon shayi da ake dafa. Ana amfani da ƙananan kofuna waɗanda ake amfani da su tare da ruwan sha na Yixing. An fi shan shayi na Gongfu bayan cin abinci don taimaka wa narkewarsa. Ana iya yin shayi a cikin shayi na Yixing don jin daɗin zaman kansa tare da maraba da baƙi. Dangane da yankin China, za a iya samun banbanci a matakai na yin giya da kuma kayan aikin da ake amfani da su a cikin aikin. Misali, gongfu-style na Taiwanese yana amfani da ƙarin kayan kida da suka haɗa da tweezers da mai shayi. Hanyar galibi ana amfani da ita ga teas ɗin oolong, amma wasu ana amfani da su don yin pu'er da sauran teas masu ƙamshi. Tasiri kan al'adun ƙasar Sin Tea ya yi babban tasiri wajen raya al'adun ƙasar Sin, kuma al'adun gargajiyar ƙasar Sin na da alaka da shayi na kasar Sin sosai. Sau da yawa ana danganta shayi da adabi, zane -zane, da falsafa kuma yana da alaƙa da Taoism, Buddha da Confucianism. Kusan tun lokacin daular Tang, shan shayi ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na noman kai. Chan Chan na China (kwatankwacin na Zen na Japan) falsafar kuma tana da alaƙa da shan shayi. Teaware A al'ada, ana ɗaukar masu shan shayi a matsayin 'masu ilimi' da 'fitattun al'adu' na al'umma. An dauki al'adar shan shayi a matsayin nuna halin ɗabi'a, ilimi, ƙa'idodin zamantakewa, da matsayi. Farashin kayan shayi ya bambanta dangane da kayan da aka hada shi da kuma ingancin sa. Saitin kayan shayi na jidda na iya kashe ɗaruruwan dubban daloli yayinda saitin kayan shayi mara inganci na iya yin ƙasa da dala ɗari. Ƙarfafa sha’awar shan shayi ya haifar da samar da kayan shayi mafi girma, wanda ya shahara ainun ainun na ƙasar Sin. Gidan shayi Malaman tsohuwar ƙasar Sin sun yi amfani da gidan shayi a matsayin wurin musayar ra'ayoyi. Gidan shan shayi wuri ne da aka ce an dakatar da mubaya'a ta siyasa da matsayin zamantakewa na ɗan lokaci don fifita magana ta gaskiya da ma'ana. Amfani da shayi cikin annashuwa ya inganta kwarjini da wayewa tsakanin mahalarta. Gidan shayi ba kawai ƙaramin samfuri ne na al'adun shayi na China ba; yana bayar da shaidar tarihi na tarihin shayi na ƙasar Sin. A yau, mutane kuma na iya jin wani irin yanayi na ɗan'adam a cikin Lao She Teahouse na Beijing da sauran gidajen shayi a biranen Gabashin China kamar Hangzhou, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Nanjing, Wuxi, Shaoxing, Shanghai, da sauran wurare. Yanayin gidan shayi har yanzu yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Al'adun zamani A cikin kasar Sin ta zamani, kusan kowane mazaunin gida har zuwa gidan burodi mafi sauƙi yana da kayan aikin shayi don dafa kofi na shayi mai zafi. Alamu ne na maraba da baƙi ko maƙwabta. Bisa al’ada, ana sa ran mai ziyara a gidan China zai zauna ya sha shayi yayin magana; ziyartar yayinda aka tsaya ana ɗauka rashin gaskiya ne. Nade tawul ɗin a cikin bukukuwan shayi wani aiki ne na gargajiya a China akan yi don nisantar mugun ƙimar ƙima. A Taiwan, ana gudanar da bukukuwan shayi ba a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum ba har ma a lokuta masu mahimmanci. An ɗauki Tea a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa na yau da kullun, sauran su ne ita ce, shinkafa, mai, gishiri, soya miya, da vinegar Akwai nau'ikan shayi daban -daban kamar: koren shayi, shayi mai shayi, jan shayi, baƙar fata, fararen shayi, shayi mai ruwan hoda, shayi na puerh da shayi na fure. A al’adance, ana juye sabbin ganyen shayi akai -akai a cikin kwano mai zurfi. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar ganyayyaki su bushe ta yadda za su adana cikakken ɗaɗano, a shirye don amfani. Nassoshi Sin Al'ummomi Pages with unreviewed