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The women's team épée competition at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou was held on 23 November at the Guangda Gymnasium. ==Schedule== All times are China Standard Time (00) {|class = "wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! width=220|Date ! width=50|Time ! width=150|Event |- | rowspan=4|Tuesday, 23 November 2010 || 13:00 || Round of 16 |- | 14:30 || Quarterfinals |- | 16:00 || Semifinals |- | 19:30 || bgcolor=ffffcc|Gold medal match |} ==Seeding== The teams were seeded taking into account the results achieved by competitors representing each team in the individual event. ==Results== ==Final standing== ==References== Women's Epée Results ==External links== Official website Women Épée

Fencing at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's team épée

The men's 90 kg event at the 2006 Asian Games was held on December 9, 2006 at the Al-Dana Banquet Hall in Doha, Qatar. ==Schedule== All times are Arabia Standard Time (00) {|class = "wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! width=220|Date ! width=50|Time ! width=150|Event |- | rowspan=2|Saturday, 9 December 2006 || 11:30 || Prejudging round |- | 17:20 || bgcolor=ffffcc|Final round |} ==Results== === Prejudging round === Aziz Ahmad Nikyar of Afghanistan originally got the 9th place, but was disqualified. === Final round === Kim Myong-hun of South Korea originally won the silver medal, but was disqualified after he failed the drug test. ==References== Results – Prejudging Round Results – Final Round Bodybuilding at the 2006 Asian Games

Bodybuilding at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's 90 kg

Transcription factor II D (TFIID) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins. Before the start of transcription, the transcription Factor II D (TFIID) complex binds to the TATA box in the core promoter of the gene. ==Functions== Coordinates the activities of more than 70 polypeptides required for initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly Serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex Acts as a channel for regulatory signals ==Structure== TFIID is itself composed of several subunits called TATA-binding protein Associated Factors (TBP-associated factors, or TAFs). In a test tube, only TBP is necessary for transcription at promoters that contain a TATA box. TAFs, however, add promoter selectivity, especially if there is no TATA box sequence for TBP to bind to. TAFs are included in two distinct complexes, TFIID and B-TFIID. The TFIID complex is composed of TBP and more than eight TAFs. But, the majority of TBP is present in the B-TFIID complex, which is composed of TBP and TAFII170 (BTAF1) in a 1:1 ratio. TFIID and B-TFIID are not equivalent, since transcription reactions utilizing TFIID are responsive to gene specific transcription factors such as SP1, while reactions reconstituted with B-TFIID are not. Subunits in the TFIID complex include: TBP (TATA binding protein) TAF1 (TAFII250) TAF2 (CIF150) TAF3 (TAFII140) TAF4 (TAFII130/135) TAF4B (TAFII105) TAF5 (TAFII100) TAF6 (TAFII70/80) TAF7 (TAFII55) TAF8 (TAFII43) TAF9 (TAFII31/32) TAF9B (TAFII31L) TAF10 (TAFII30) TAF11 (TAFII28) TAF12 (TAFII20/15) TAF13 (TAFII18) TAF15 (TAFII68) == See also == Eukaryotic transcription General transcription factor Preinitiation complex Regulation of gene expression RNA polymerase II holoenzyme TATA Binding Protein Transcription (genetics) == References == ==External links== 3D electron microscopy structures of TFIID from the EM Data Bank(EMDB) Gene expression Molecular genetics Proteins Transcription factors

Transcription factor II D

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Ozana75

Interstate 15 (I-15) runs north–south In the U.S. state of Utah through the southwestern and central portions of the state, passing through many of the population centers of the state, including St. George, Provo, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, the latter three being part of the urban area known as the Wasatch Front. It is the primary north–south highway in Utah, as the majority of the state's population lives along its corridor. The only Metropolitan Statistical Area in Utah not connected by I-15 is the Logan Utah-Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area. The entire length of I-15 within Utah (and south into Arizona) is designated as the Veterans Memorial Highway. ==Route description== The interstate passes through the fast-growing Dixie region, which includes St. George, Cedar City, and eventually most of the major cities and suburbs along the Wasatch Front, including Provo, Orem, Sandy, West Jordan, Salt Lake City, Layton, and Ogden. Around Cove Fort, Interstate 70 begins its journey eastward across the country. The interstate merges with I-80 for about from South Salt Lake to just west of Downtown Salt Lake City and merges with Interstate 84 from Ogden to Tremonton. Along nearly its entire length through the state, I-15 winds its way along the western edge of a nearly continuous range of mountains (including the Wasatch Range in the northern half of the state). The only exceptions are when it passes through the mountains south of Cedar City and again north of Cove Fort. ===Southern Utah=== After having come from Las Vegas, Nevada and climbing through the Virgin River Gorge in northwest Arizona, I-15 in Utah crosses the border in Washington County. Heading north-northeast it continues with two lanes in each direction and maintaining this two-lane configuration until it reaches the Wasatch Front in the north central part of the state. Just past the border there is a port of entry on each side of the freeway. These ports of entry (weigh stations) are jointly operated by the states of Utah and Arizona and are the first northbound exit and last southbound exit on I-15 in Utah. The route turns north as it passes the Bloomington area of city of St. George and an interchange with Southern Parkway (SR-7) before it crosses the Virgin River. (SR-7 provides access to the new St. George Municipal Airport.) Immediately north of the Virgin River, and partially spanning the Santa Clara River, is the new Dixie Drive interchange. After the interchange with Bluff Street (SR-18) I-15 turns northeast again and passes the eastern side of downtown St. George, with an interchange with St. George Boulevard (SR-34). These two interchanges are the southern and northern ends of the St. George I-15 Business Loop. From this point north I-15 generally follows the route of the Old US-91 to the northern border of Utah. (The route of Old US-91, in turn, followed the older Arrowhead Trail highway to Salt Lake City.) After leaving St. George, I-15 continues northeast and passes through the northern part of the city of Washington, with interchanges at 3050 East, Washington Parkway, and State Street (SR-9). Northeast of Washington I-15 passes through the northwestern side of the town of Leeds, with one-way interchanges on the southwest and northeast ends of town. After passing through the northwestern part of Toquerville, and an interchange with SR-17 (at Anderson Junction), I-15 resumes a more north-northeastern course as it ascends about higher on the Colorado Plateau. Along the way it passes through the areas of Browse and Pintura, with interchanges at both, as well as two more ranch exits further northeast. After its ascent, it passes by the east of side of Ash Creek Reservoir and then by the northwest corner of Zion National Park, with an interchange providing access to the Kolob Canyon area of the park. Next is an interchange that provides access to New Harmony (several miles west) and Kanarraville (several miles to the northeast). This interchange is also at the border of Washington County and Iron County. Just after entering Iron County, I-15 reaches the southern most rest areas along its route within the state (with one each, northbound and southbound). After passing about a mile west of Kanarraville it reaches an interchange in Hamilton Fort. The freeway then briefly turns nearly east before turning north again to pass through the west side of Cedar City. The first interchange is at the southern end of SR-130 (Main Street) and the Cedar City I-15 Business Loop. Just north is the 200 South (SR-56) interchange, which provides access to downtown Cedar City as well as the Cedar City Regional Airport. After this interchange, the freeway turns northeast before the final Cedar City interchange with SR-130 (once again). This interchange is also the northern end of the Cedar City I-15 Business Loop, although no longer indicated as such by signage. The freeway then passes by the eastern edge of Enoch, but without an interchange within that city. After an interchange within the area of Summit I-15 heads east-northeast before passing by the northwest edge of Parowan, with interchanges on the west (200 South/SR-143) and north (Main Street/SR-274) sides of town. After Parowan, the freeway curves back to a northeast course as it passes about a mile west of Paragonah and reaches an interchange on the north side of that city (SR-271). Continuing northeast it reaches the next pair of rest areas before an interchange with SR-20 and then a ranch exit (exit 100) before leaving Iron County. ===Central Utah=== As I-15 enters Beaver County the interstate turns northwest and winds its way through the mountain pass before heading north again to pass along the western edge of the city of Beaver. Both the southern and northern interchanges in Beaver include the I-15 Business Loop and SR-160—the city streets are South Main Street on the south and 1400 North on the north. Off the 1400 North interchange there is an official rest stop courtesy of the Utah Department of Transportation UDOT and the local Texaco Station. The freeway then heads slightly west until it passes by the west side of the community of Manderfield and curving back to a north-northeast course. After several miles there is an interchange with Manderfield Road before I-15 winds through another mountain pass and reaches the Sulphurdale interchange. After passing west of the ghost town of Sulphurdale it reaches the interchange with the western end of I-70. This interchange is on the border of Beaver and Millard counties. North of the I-15/I-70 interchange, I-70 heads east to Richfield and on though Denver, Colorado, while I-15 continues north to pass by Cove Fort on the east and reach the Cove Fort (SR-161/Black Rock Road) interchange. Off the Black Rock Road interchange there is an official rest stop courtesy of UDOT and the local Cheveron Station. Continuing on, I-15 meanders to the north-northeast before straightening out to the northeast southwest of Kanosh. The freeway passes by the northwest side of both Meadow, having an interchange with North Main Street (SR-133). It then passes through the western side of Fillmore. SR-99 follows the length of the I-15 Business Loop through Fillmore, connecting at 850 South on the southwest part of town and North Main Street/Cedar Mountain Road on the northern city limits. Off the North Main Street interchange there is an official rest stop courtesy of UDOT and the local Cheveron Station. Continuing north-northwest it has an interchange with 5400 North/Maple Hollow Road (SR-64) before passing by the southeast edge of Holden. Several miles northeast of Holden, US-50 merges with I-15 as it continues northeast and eventually heading through a low mountain pass just after another ranch exit. The US-50 overlap then ends as I-15 passes through the northwest corner of Scipio. Off the Scipio interchange is an official rest stop courtesy of UDOT and Flying J. (US-50 eastbound serves as a connector to I-70 for southbound I-15 motorists.) Several miles north of Scipio, I-15 leaves Millard County and enters Juab County before turning northeast once again. After an interchange with the Yuba Lake Road is another interchange at Mills Junction/SR-78 just southeast of Chicken Creek Reservoir. The freeway then continues roughly north-northeast until it turns northeast to pass through the southern part of Nephi and an interchage with South Main Street (SR-28). The freeway then turns north to pass through the eastern side of Nephi, with an interchange with 100 North (SR-132). It then curves to the north-northwest before reach the interchange with the northern end of SR-28 about a mile north of town. The interstate then turns north and passes by the eastern side of Mona and has an interchange with SR-52 (300 North). Continuing north it passes by the eastern edge of Rocky Ridge before promptly leaving Juab County and entering Utah County. ===Northern Utah=== As the freeway enters Utah County, it also enters Utah Valley, the Wasatch Front, and the Provo-Orem metropolitan area. Turning northeast, it enters the town of Santaquin, where US-6 begins its overlap with I-15 at the interchange with East Main Street/US-6/SR-198. Exiting Santaquin, the interstate turns north to pass by the western edge of Spring Lake before entering Payson, turning north east, and reaching the 800 South (SR-178) interchange. (Although not yet complete, construction began in late the spring of 2013 to add an additional lane of travel on both sides of I-15 from this interchange north to Spanish Fork.) Continuing northeast, the freeway reaches the interchange with North Main Street (SR-115/3200 West) in north Payson. Maintaining its course to the northeast it passes the eastern edge of Benjamin, with an interchange with SR-168 (8000 South), and enters Spanish Fork and gains one lane in each direction (the first time the interstate widens in the state). On the north side of Spanish Fork is an interchange with North Main Street (US-6 and SR-156), after which I-15 turns north and gains one more lane in each direction. This interchange also marks the northern end of the overlap with US-6. (The section between Spanish Fork and Lehi was rebuilt in 2010-12 as part of the I-15 CORE project.) Continuing north with four lanes, it gains an additional Express Lane in both directions. It then passes through the far west side of Springville, with interchanges at 400 South (SR-77) and 1400 North (SR-75). Off the 1400 North interchange is an official rest stop courtesy of UDOT and Flying J. Curving northwest it passes the eastern edge of the Provo Bay of Utah Lake before reaching Provo. Upon entering Provo, it intersects with South University Avenue (the southern terminus of US-189). The interstate then continues northwest, bisecting the west side of Provo, with an interchange with Center Street (SR-114) before leaving Provo and entering Orem. After an interchange with West University Parkway (SR-265), immediately southwest of Utah Valley University, the freeway heads north along the western side of Orem. After interchanges with Center Street, and then 800 North (SR-52) the interstate curves northwest and immediately reaches the interchange with SR-241 (1600 North/600 South). This interchange on the border of Orem and Lindon. Continuing northwest I-15 passes through the western side of Lindon before passing by the southwest edge of Pleasant Grove, with an interchange at Pleasant Grove Boulevard. Next the freeway enters American Fork with interchanges with at 500 East (SR-180) on the south end of town and West Main Street/Pioneer Crossing (SR-145) on the west end of town. After American Fork, the freeway enters Lehi with it first interchange at East Main Street (SR-73). At this point the interstate narrows to just three lanes (plus an Express Lane) in each direction (however, UDOT anticipates beginning construction on additional lanes in this area in the spring of 2014). The next interchange in Lehi is with 2100 North/1200 West (US-89/SR-85). This also begins the first of two I-15/US-89 overlaps. The final interchange in Lehi with Timpanogos Highway/Clubhouse Drive (SR-92), which is just east of Thanksgiving Point. Past Lehi, the interstate exits the Provo metropolitan area and Utah County to enter the Salt Lake City metropolitan area as it passes through the Point of the Mountain. As the route enters the Salt Lake Valley from only one of three other points connecting Salt Lake County and Utah County (the others being SR-68 and Traverse Ridge Road), it turns northeast to pass by the eastern edge of Bluffdale. It then enters Draper and heads north to pass through the western part of that city, with four interchanges along the way. The first is with Highland Drive/14600 South (SR-140). The next interchange is with Bangerter Highway (SR-154), after which the freeway widens to a total of four lanes (plus an Express Lane) in each direction. The third interchange in Draper is with 12300 South (US-89/SR-71). This interchange is also where US-89 ends its first overlap with the interstate and where I-15 curves slightly to the west. The final interchange in town is on the northern city limits at 11400 South (SR-175). This interchange is on the southern border of Sandy, and is the first of three within that city. The next interchange is with 10600 South (SR-151), after which the interstate gains an additional lane in each direction. The final interchange in Sandy is with 9000 South (SR-209). Shortly after the last interchange in Sandy it leaves that city and enters enters Midvale, with the only interchange in that city being with 7200 South (SR-48). After leaving Midvale, I-15 enters Murray and immediately reaches the junction with I-215, a beltway running through many of Salt Lake City's suburbs. Past this interchange, there are two more interchanges in Murray. The first is at 5400 South (SR-173) and the second is with 4500 South/Taylorsville Expressway (SR-266). After this interchange the freeway leave Murray and passes through the western end of Millcreek (an unincorporated suburb of Salt Lake City) before entering South Salt Lake. After an interchange with 3300 South (SR-171) the interstate reaches the Spaghetti Bowl, which is an interchange with I-80 and SR-201 (21st South Freeway). The southern overlap of I-80 begins at this point as well as the collector roads. The collectors, but not the main I-15 travel lanes, have interchanges with 2100 South and 1300 South, as well as West Temple Street (SR-270) for northbound traffic only. (The West Temple Street off ramps are signed as 900 South.) The Spaghetti Bowl is also where the freeway leaves South Salt Lake enters Salt Lake City. After entering Salt Lake City, the interstate jogs to the west for the next three interchanges. The first is with SR-269 and includes the off ramps from northbound I-15/I-80 to eastbound 600 South and the on ramps from westbound 500 South to southbound I-15/I-80. The next two interchanges are overlain and include I-80 (the northern end of the I-80 overlap) and 400 South (West University Boulevard). (The later interchange only permits HOV or toll use of the northbound off ramp and the southbound on ramp from and to the respective Express Lanes of I-15/I-80.) North of the ramps with I-80, I-15 loses one lane, leaving three lanes, plus the Express Lane, in both directions. the The next interchange is with 600 North (SR-268), following which the freeway jogs to the west for the next two interchanges. After the 900 West interchange (which does not include a northbound off ramp) is the Warm Springs Road (northbound) and 2300 North (southbound) interchange. The freeway then returns to is northern course, but before leaving Salt Lake City and Salt Lake County, it has northbound on and off ramps for the Beck Street (US-89) interchange. After entering Davis County, the city of North Salt Lake, and the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area, I-15 has the southbound on and off ramps for the Beck Street (US-89) interchange. This point is also where the Express Lanes end, leaving just the four lanes in each direction. Next is the junction between I-15 and I-215 (Belt Route), which only provides a southbound off ramp from I-15 to I-215 and a northbound on ramp from I-215 to I-15. Just after this another partial interchange that only includes a southbound off ramp to West Center Street. The freeway then heads northwest to the 2600 South (SR-93) interchange, which is centered on the border of North Salt Lake and Woods Cross. Continuing north once again, the interstate reaches its next interchange, which is with 500 South (SR-68). Parts of this interchange are spread over three cities, with Woods Cross on the south, a panhandle of Bountiful in the middle, and West Bountiful on the north. Continuing north it comes to another partial interchange with 400 North, which only includes a northbound off ramp and a southbound on ramp. After a slight jog to the east comes the junction with US-89 (500 West). This junction straddles the north-south border between West Bountiful and Bountiful. It is also a partial interchange in that it has only a southbound off ramp and a northbound on ramp. It also is the beginning of the second 1-15/US-89 overlap. Continuing north it leaves West Bountiful and enters Centerville before reaching the Parish Lane (400 North/SR-105) interchange About a mile north I-15 begins a stretch where the Legacy Parkway (SR-67) parallels the interstate on the west, with little more than train tracks in between. About another mile north the freeway leaves Centerville and enters Farmington and then gain and Express Lane once again in both directions. Next comes the partial interchange with 200 West (SR-227), which only includes a northbound off ramp and a southbound on ramp. Heading north-northeast it reaches the I-15/Legacy Highway/US-89/Park Lane (SR-225) interchange. This sprawling interchange provides a northbound off ramp and southbound on ramp for US-89, a southbound off ramp and a northbound on ramp for Legacy Parkway, as well connection with Park Lane. The interchange is just west of the Lagoon amusement park and is the end of the second I-15/US-89 overlap. From this interchange it heads northwest before leaving Farmington and entering Kaysville. Just inside Kaysville are two former rest areas. While the ramps and parking areas are still intact, there are no signage or facilities remaining. Further on is the Kaysville (200 North/SR-273) interchange. Continuing northwest I-15 leaves Kaysville and enters Layton, along with its three interchanges. The first interchange is with Layton Parkway and just north of it the Express Lanes end once again, leaving just three lanes in each direction. (However, construction on an additional lane each way began in the summer of 2012.) The next two interchanges are with Hill Field Road (SR-232) and then Antelope Drive (2000 North/SR-108). After leaving Layton the interstate enters Clearfield and reaches the 700 South SR-193 interchange. From this interchange north I-15 runs along the western edge of Hill Air Force Base. The next interchange is with 650 North, which also provides direct access to the west part of the air force base. Just after this interchange the freeway leaves Clearfield, turns north, and enters Sunset, but has no further interchanges before leaving that city and Davis County. Just prior to the next interchange I-15 enters Weber County and the city of Roy. After curving slightly to the east the freeway reaches the 5600 South (Utah State Route 97) interchange, which provides access to the north end of the air force base, including the Hill Aerospace Museum that located immediately north of the base. The next interchange is with Riverdale Road (SR-26). As a partial interchange, there is only a northbound off ramp to east bound SR-26 and a southbound on ramp from westbound SR-26. (Eastbound SR-26 provides the only access to eastbound I-84.) At this interchange the interstate also transitions from Roy to Riverdale. Heading northwest, I-15 then merges with I-84, but there is no northbound access to I-84, nor westbound access from I-84 to I-15. This also begins the I-15/I-84 overlap. Immediately northwest of this interchange is the Ogden-Hinckley Airport, however since the airport is on hill slightly above, it is not visible from the freeway. An additional lanes are also added north of this junction for a total of four in each direction. Just after leaving Riverdale, the interstate enters Ogden and reaches the 31st Street (3100 South/SR-79) interchange. Curving back to the northwest, the freeway comes to the 24th South (SR-53) interchange. Although the signage specifies “24th Street”, this partial interchange (which only provides a northbound off ramp and a southbound on ramp) is actually with Pennsylvania Avenue (also SR-53) which promptly connects with 24th Street (2400 South) northeast of the interchange. As it leaves Ogden and enters West Haven, I-15 curves to the north-northwest before coming to the 21st Street (2100 South/SR-104) interchange. The freeway then leaves West Haven and enters Marriott-Slaterville and immediately crosses the Weber River. The next interchange is with 12th Street (1200 South/SR-39, at which point the freeway losses one lane in each direction. Continuing on with three lanes in each direction the interstate reaches the 400 North interchange. Similar to the 24th Street interchange, although signage indicates “400 North”, this interchanges actually connects with Pioneer Road, which promptly connects with 400 North just east of the interchange. North of this interchange, I-15 heads directly north to leave Mariott-Slaterville and enter Farr West. Continuing north it reaches the 2700 North (SR-134) before it curves to the north-northwest and leaves Farr West and Weber County. At the 2700 North interchange, the freeway also reduces to two lanes of travel in each direction and remains so for the remainder of its route in Utah. Upon entering the final county (Box Elder) along its route in Utah, I-15 also enters the area of South Willard and then reaches the Willard (2000 West/SR-126) interchange. (SR-126 connects with US-89 just west of the interchange.) Before leaving the South Willard area and entering the city of Willard, I-15 begins about a two mile stretch that runs along the western shore of the Willard Bay of the Great Salt Lake. Its next interchange is with 750 North SR-315. Straddling the northern border between Willard and Perry ports of entry for both directions of traffic. Continuing north through Perry it passes a rest area for northbound traffic before it reaches the next interchange, which is with 1100 South (US-91). This interchange straddles the northern border of Perry and the southern border of Brigham City. (US-91 continues northeast to Logan and points northward.) Curving slight to the west, the interstate reaches the Forrest Street interchange followed by the 900 North (SR-13) interchange. Immediately north of 900 North the freeway passes immediately to the west of the Brigham City Airport. West of the airport there is also a rest area for southbound traffic. At the north end of the airport, the freeway leaves Brigham City and before continuing on a slight more westerly, northern course. After about a mile in unincorporated Box Elder County, I-15 enters Honeyville and then reaches the Honeyville/Bear River (6900 North/SR-240) interchange. Continuing northwest the interstate leaves Honeyville and immediately crosses the Bear River. It then enters the town of Elwood and reaches the Tremonton/Garland (5200 West/SR-13) interchange. The freeway then leaves Elwood and enters Tremonton shortly thereafter. Just inside Tremonton, is the I-15/I-84?SR-30 junction. From this junction, I-84 and SR-30 head northwest to Snowville and on to Burley and Boise, Idaho, while I-15 continues north through Tremonton. This interchange is also the northern end of the I-15/I-84 overlap and the southern end of the I-15/SR-30 overlap. Straddling the northern city limits of Tremonton is another interchange signed as “Tremonton/Garland”. This second interchange of the same name is with 1000 North. Curving slightly to the east, it passes by the western edge of Garland before coming to the Riverside (15200 North/SR-30) interchange, which is just southwest of that city and is the northern end of the I-15/SR-30 overlap. Continuing a slightly winding course north, the interstate reaches the Plymouth (20800 North/SR-13) interchange, which is just northwest of that town. Heading north, and then to the north east the freeway reaches the Portage (25800 North/Center Street), which is the last interchange in the state and is just east of that town. About a mile north of the last interchange is the Utah-Idaho border, where I-15 leaves the Ogden-Clearfield metropolitan area. From there I-15 continues north to Malad City and on to Pocatello. ==History== The southwest-north alignment followed by I-15 was a major transportation corridor in the early 20th century, followed by auto trails such as the Arrowhead Trail (south from Salt Lake City), Evergreen National Highway (entire length), and Banff-Grand Canyon Road (north from Nephi). In 1926, when the numbered system of U.S. highways was created, this route was signed U.S. Route 91 The route of I-15 from St. George to Brigham City was built along the corridor of what was U.S. Route 91 from 1926-1974. In 1974 I-15 was reasonably intact and US-91 was deleted, with the unfinished segments signed as Temporary I-15. The route north of Brigham City was built along the corridor of an old route of U.S. Route 191. This highway was also deleted once I-15 was reasonably intact. However, a different route in Utah was re-designated US-191 in 1982. Prior to 1977 the route of I-15 (and US-91 before) was also designated State Route 1 by the state of Utah, but no portion of the route was signed with this number. In January 2009, the speed limit on two sections of I-15 together totaling was raised to as a "test," making Utah the second state to currently have speed limits greater than . In September 2013, with a few brief exceptions, the speed limit north of Leeds (other than the Wasatch Front, between Santaquin and Brigham City) was raised to . The UDOT Utah County I-15 Corridor Expansion was a design-build project that reconstructed of I-15 in Utah County, Utah. The $1.725 billion project was the fastest billion-dollar public highway project ever completed in the United States. The project was completed on December 15, 2012—35 months from the original notice to proceed—and finished $260 million under budget (coming in at $1.465 billion total). I-15 CORE widened the freeway by two lanes in each direction and replaced the original asphalt with new 40-year concrete pavement; rebuilt 63 bridges; reconstructed 10 freeway interchanges; and extended the Express Lane (high occupancy/toll) from Orem to Spanish Fork. (Prior to I-15 CORE, Express Lane had already been installed from Lehi to Orem.) ==Exit list== ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== 15 Utah Transportation in Washington County, Utah Transportation in Iron County, Utah Transportation in Beaver County, Utah Transportation in Millard County, Utah Transportation in Juab County, Utah Transportation in Utah County, Utah Transportation in Salt Lake County, Utah Transportation in Davis County, Utah Transportation in Weber County, Utah Transportation in Box Elder County, Utah

Interstate 15 in Utah

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==Welcome!== Hello, Dr.shkazmi, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: Introduction to Wikipedia The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page and How to develop articles How to create your first article Simplified Manual of Style Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question on this page and then place before the question. Again, welcome! I will give you more detailed advice tomorrow, but if you are connected with the Forum, you should read Plain and simple conflict of interest guide. JohnCD (talk) == Reply to your request for advice == Wikipedia does not explain as well as it should what it is for and what it is not for. The first thing to say is that Wikipedia is not a "noticeboard" site like Myspace or Facebook for people and organizations to tell the world about themselves. It is a project to build an encyclopedia, which is quite different. Some of the differences are explained at JohnCD/Not a noticeboard. The next thing to explain is that Wikipedia is selective about subjects for articles. It does not expect to have articles about every organization, any more than about every person or every book. The criterion used is called Notability, and is not a matter of opinion but has to be demonstrated by showing "significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject." Significant means more than just listing-type mentions; reliable excludes Myspace, Facebook, blogs, places where anyone can post anything; independent excludes the subject's own website, affiliated ones and anything based on press releases. The test is, have people not connected with the subject thought it significant enough to write substantial comment about? That has the advantage of being a more objective test than "Do we think it's important?" and also of ensuring that there are independent sources for the article. It is quite a tough test, and many worthy organizations, especially new ones, cannot pass it. That is not at all to their discredit, but it means they are not suitable subjects for a global encyclopedia. The test applies to non-commercial organizations and good causes, too - we have an explanatory essay entitled Wikipedia is not here to tell the world about your noble cause. As you are the Chairman of the Forum, you have from Wikipedia's point of view a Conflict of interest in writing about it. As a general rule, a suitable page will be best written by someone without Conflict of Interest; it's not impossible to do it properly with a COI, but it's more difficult: you are automatically thinking in terms of what you want to communicate to the public, but an uninvolved person will think in terms of what the public might wish to know. Keep in mind that the goal of an encyclopedia is to say things in a concise manner, which is not the style of press releases or web sites, which are usually more expansive. Think hard about notability. See Notability (summary) for what it means. If you cannot find independent sources to establish it, you will be wasting your time and effort. If you want to go ahead, Read Best practices for editors with conflicts of interest Read Your first article Click on Userspace draft and fill in the title. That will start a draft page in your "user space" where you can work on the article, with a link to good advice and a "Submit" button which will send the article, when it is ready, to Articles for creation, where an experienced user will look at it, and either accept it or give you feedback. When writing, make a strong effort to think of yourself, not as writing for the organization, but as writing for Wikipedia about the organization, from outside. You are not addressing a potential member or donor, but a general encyclopedia reader. Bear in mind the Verifiability policy: "any material challenged or likely to be challenged must be attributed to a reliable, published source", and when writing any glowing adjective, or indeed any claim, imagine a hostile critic saying "Who says? Can you prove that?" Don't talk about the organization's aims and hopes for the future, or its mission statement, but about what is has achieved. No opinions, only facts, neutrally stated and cited to reliable sources. Write in your own words, without copying from the website. By now you are thinking "This is much harder than I thought, all I wanted to do was post a copy of our web-site to tell the world about us!" I apologise that (because we are anxious not to put new contributors off by making them read a lot of advice) Wikipedia does not make clear at sign-up time that it is not a "notice-board" site like Myspace or Facebook, which are set up for people to do exactly that; but if Wikipedia is a more valuable resource than Myspace, it is only because we have standards and rules on notability, verifiability and conflict of interest. I have gone into all this at length not because I wish to discourage you, but to help you understand what is involved, and to avoid the common situation where a new contributor expends a lot of time, energy and emotion on what was always a hopeless cause. If you decide to go ahead, you will find many people willing to advise and assist you. There is a Tutorial and a New contributors' help page, and you can also ask for help by putting (two curly brackets each side) at the bottom of your talk page with your question below it. Regards, JohnCD (talk)

Dr.shkazmi

== Licensing == Film poster images

Eroica poster.jpg

Transport logos

Traveline.svg

== September 2008 == Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but your recent edit removed content from Optometry. When removing text, please specify a reason in the edit summary and discuss edits that are likely to be controversial on the article's talk page. If this was a mistake, don't worry; the text has been restored, as you can see from the page history. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia, and if you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Coffee joe (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. Please stop. If you continue to blank out or delete portions of page content, templates or other materials from Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Coffee joe (talk) If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. == Sept 2008 == Please do not revert changes which have been discussed on a talk page without first joining the discussion on the talk page and explaining why. Thank you for joining the conversation on talk pages, it is appreciated. If its any consolation I am no kind of doctor at all, but by random chance I am married to an oculoplastic surgeon so I suppose to the extent of any involvement I would be sympathetic to your cause. However my interest in the article is as an admin on Wikipedia. Wikipedia does not give medical advice and does not include things in articles for the benefit of particular people looking for particular things. If someone goes to the wrong kind of medic it is up to that medic to refer them on. Wikipedia includes material based on the amount of notable relevance (broadly coverage in peer reviewed literature and the press) to the article title. Very very little I can see of what is written in the public domain on Ophthalmology is about a comparison to Optometry and it simply does not belong in the article because of UNDUE and OR. If you can find a non-advert leader in the Washington Post on it my view would revise. Certainly a long list comparing training in the US for each does not belong here. The early form of about five lines is acceptable, anything else I personally would oppose. My word would not necessarily be the last on it: I am much happier with content near the edge of the envelop which has been discussed on talk than blindly reverted. Just as an aside on accuracy, yes as far as I can tell the information you give on the US is accurate (but way too specific in general). But it is US centric. Here in the UK the referral system might well preclude the sorts of concerns you have, basically I believe you only get to see either via a GP (but these days who knows). AFAIK in the UK generally optometrists are not eye doctors but neither are most ophthalmologists. Most ophthalmologists here are surgeons and when you qualify as a surgeon in the UK you drop the title "Dr", but unlike optometrists they do have to qualify as a doctor first and I recognise what you say about being a completely different level. But to add on Wikipedia we are supposed to give a worldwide view of topics not a US view. There are far more English speakers in India than the US after all. I was asked to comment on the situation. I have temporarily removed the section in question and locked the article until you can participate in discussion on Ophthalmology. In general, I would stick to the issues and avoid an appeal to authority if at all possible. Much of the disagreement is about adequate sources and whether the section in question addresses the situation in the USA or worldwide. Wikipedia is not the place to right great wrongs. JFW | T@lk

97.82.30.41

Terapede/kana

== September 2014 == Hello, I'm Bmicomp. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Our Lady of Lourdes High School, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. BMIComp If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Our Lady of Lourdes High School. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been automatically reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Note that human editors do monitor recent changes to Wikipedia articles, and administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made should not have been considered as unconstructive, please read about it, , remove this warning from your talk page, and then make the edit again. If you need help, please see our help pages, and if you can't find what you are looking for there, please feel free to place on your talk page and someone will drop by to help. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Our Lady of Lourdes High School was changed by 96.248.43.144 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.950126 on 2014-09-04T03:57:04+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)

96.248.43.144

На русском языке хочу.

Анютка~enwiki

====Jean Segura==== or ... that Jean Segura (pictured) stole first base? Reviewed: Second QPQ from Did you know nominations/Andreas Tegström Comment: This was a confusing chain of events in the April 19 game, which makes writing the hook confusing as well. I went short (based off of the old expression "You can't steal first base"), but a longer hook might be better. 5x expanded by Muboshgu (talk). Self nominated at . Article new enough, long enough, fully referenced. Image credits check out (for this article though, I would think the image of him batting would be preferred). QPQ done. Hook interesting, verified against online source. Good to go! Hawkeye7 (talk) *Thanks for the review. Rereading the hook, I suppose it could work as the "quirky" last hook in a set. – Muboshgu (talk)

Did you know nominations/Jean Segura

==September 2014== Hello, I'm Takeaway. I noticed that you made a comment on the page Rak-Tai that didn't seem very civil, so it has been removed. Wikipedia needs people like you and me to collaborate, so it's one of our core principles to interact with one another in a polite and respectful manner. If you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. - Takeaway (talk)

69.121.156.181

== September 2008 == Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Stephanie Rice has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Closedmouth (talk)

59.100.22.133

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Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images. For more information on using images, see the following pages: Image use policy Image copyright tags This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you need help on selecting a tag to use, or in adding the tag to the image description, feel free to post a message at Media copyright questions. ==Image tagging for Image:Portaerei cavour.jpg== Thanks for uploading Portaerei cavour.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well. For more information on using images, see the following pages: Image use policy Image copyright tags This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. ==Image copyright problem with Italy FIFA2006 winner.jpg== Thank you for uploading Italy FIFA2006 winner.jpg. However, it currently is missing information on its copyright status. Wikipedia takes copyright very seriously. It may be deleted soon, unless we can determine the license and the source of the image. If you know this information, then you can add a copyright tag to the image description page. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thanks again for your cooperation. Alx 91 ==Orphaned non-free media (Image:Flag of Venice.gif)== Thanks for uploading Flag of Venice.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media). If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot ==Orphaned non-free media (Image:Flag of Florence.gif)== Thanks for uploading Flag of Florence.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media). If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot ==Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Military of Italy insigna.jpg== Thanks for uploading Military of Italy insigna.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page. If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot == Military insignia from MCR == I'm afraid you have the situation exactly backward. Contrary to your assertion, any work of the US Government, including its military, are public domain by a specific provision of US law. This is not generally true in other countries, and where such a provision is lacking But even if that were not the case, you tagged that coat of arms as a fair-use audio recording. The basic information you were given, that the image was mistagged, is perfectly true. And given that your government does in fact own the copyright to its own symbols (absent any information to the contrary, which ought to be publicly available without contacting any high government officials) we do need your fair use assertion to be properly justified. Sorry if that upsets you, but that's the situation under Italian copyright law and international treaties to which both Italy and the US are party. TCC (talk) (contribs) ==Fair use rationale for Military_of_Italy_insigna.jpg== Thanks for uploading or contributing to Military_of_Italy_insigna.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page. If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. CO2 ==Image:Flag_of_Turin.gif== I have tagged Flag_of_Turin.gif as . In order for the image to be kept at Wikipedia, it must be included in at least one article. If this image is being used as a link target instead of displayed inline, please add to the image description page to prevent it being accidentally marked as orphaned again. CO2 ==Image:Flag_of_Turin.gif== I have tagged Flag_of_Turin.gif as , because it does not provide a fair use rationale. If you believe the image to be acceptable for fair use according to Wikipedia policy, please provide a rationale explaining as much, in accordance with the fair use rationale guideline, on the image description page. Please also consider using or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags#Fair_use. Thank you. CO2 == Possibly unfree Image:Falcone-borsellino.jpg == An image that you uploaded or altered, Falcone-borsellino.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at the discussion if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.  But|seriously|folks  == Possibly unfree Image:Pirellone.jpg == An image that you uploaded or altered, Pirellone.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the image description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at the discussion if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.  But|seriously|folks  == Image:Cartel1.xls listed for deletion == An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Cartel1.xls, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.  But|seriously|folks  ==Image source problem with Image:Matteotti.jpg== Thanks for uploading Matteotti.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged. As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags#Fair use. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use. If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after . If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Stan (talk) == Politics of Italian regions == I noticed that you worked hard on many articles about Italian regions. You may be intersted to help me with the articles about Italian regions. You could start with the region you like or where you live, taking example from Politics of Veneto and related articles. == Image:Benito_Mussolini.jpg listed for deletion == An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Benito_Mussolini.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. howcheng {chat} == Use edit summaries == Hi there. When editing an article on Wikipedia there is a small field labeled "Edit summary" under the main edit-box. It looks like this: The text written here will appear on the Recent changes page, in the page revision history, on the diff page, and in the watchlists of users who are watching that article. See Edit summary for full information on this feature. Filling in the edit summary field greatly helps your fellow contributors in understanding what you changed, so please always fill in the edit summary field. If you are adding a section, please do not just keep the previous section's header in the Edit summary field – please fill in your new section's name instead. Thank you. — Dispenser ==Orphaned non-free image (File:Riva group logo.gif)== You've uploaded Riva group logo.gif, and indicated that it's used under Wikipedia's rules for non-free images. However, it's not presently used in any articles. Wikipedia policy requires that non-free images be either used or deleted, so if this image isn't used in an article in the next week, it will be deleted. This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. == Province of Brescia == Good work in updating those Lombard figures. In this edit, however, you didn’t update the year. I’ve changed it to 2008, but just in case you were using some other year for some reason, I thought I’d mention it. Cheers, Ian Spackman (talk) == Metro Manila GDP == $108B in 2005, but we're now in the year 2009 so Metro Manila's GDP is now $135.83B and its growing 5.9%! ==Sicily== Conte di Cavour, please do not remove images on the Sicily article without prior discussion on the talk page. Sal73 and I have been working very hard on the article. It's tiresome to replace your deletions. Thank you. ==COMPLIMENTI!== Complimenti per aver stavolto l' intero articolo sulla sardegna, senza aver discusso con gli altri utenti di wikipedia prima di rivoluzionarlo completamente, eliminando persino eventi storici tra i più importanti avvenuti sull' isola —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.10.243.177 (talk) ==Sardinia== Vedo che studi in Italia, quindi ti rispondo in italiano. Quello che hai fatto nell' articolo sulla Sardegna, cioè una modifica radicale, senza discuterne, potrebbe essere considerato un vandalismo a tutti gli effetti. Avrei anche qualche sospetto sul fatto che le varie cose che hai scritto, siano frutto di un copia e incolla, se c'erano unicamente errori di grammatica, avresti dovuto correggerli, però a quanto vedo ti sei permesso anche di cancellare foto, momenti storici, sezioni come quello sulla genetica e scrivere un sacco di cose sbagliate, come nella sezione "economy", dove parli di fabbriche inesistenti, ad Arbatax la cartiera non funziona più da 20 anni, chi sarebbe la principessa Adel Asia??? semmai si chiamava Adelasia! per quanto riguarda la demografia, per quale motivo hai cancellato la parte in cui si parlava della longevità. del tasso di natalità e fecondità, non riguarda la demografia questo aspetto??? Sei anche pregato di rimettere a posto i vari Internal Link, avevo sprecato una serata per metterli a posto. Daygum (talk) ==Area metropolitana di Napoli== Ciao ho visto che hai modificato alcune cosette: allora i dati censis dicono che è la seconda area metropolitana dopo la mega regione lombarda, ma dunque è la prima tra le aree metropolitane "prodotte" dall'"eccentrismo" di una sola città, non so se mi spiego... dunque è importante far presente che per il censis è seconda solo alla mega regione lombarda!! altra cosa, io, francamente, eviterei di menzionare i dati ocse, sono quelli meno attendibili sull'area napoletana e poi sono, in maniera risaputa, alquanto campanilisti, come si suol dire voce di popolo voce di dio !!!... la stragrande maggioranza delle fonti è concorde sul fatto che l'area di napoli è seconda, o addirittura prima come mostra il recente rapporto CENSIS. questo è quanto, grazie mille e buona giornata. No, per carità non ho detto che hai sbagliato, è un semplice confronto!! però secondo me andrebbe specificato che i dati censis dicono che è la seconda dopo la mega area lombarda e non dopo l'area di milano, il che è diverso!! perchè l'hai cancellato? bhe, in quanto all'area di napoli, non essendo nè di parte nè niente, non posso fare a meno anche io di dire che questa in questione è senza alcun dubbio (ma proprio nessuno) la seconda area del paese, niente da vedere con quella di roma: ma non capisco proprio perchè i dati ocse la raffigurano seconda, mentre terza quella di napoli... sono un buon conoscitore dell'argomento ma non proprio un esperto e a parlarmi male dei dati ocse è stato un mio amico laureato in urbanistica e progettazione che fece riferimento ad un certo campanilismo ed altre supposizione tecniche sbagliate!! personalmente, indipendentemente che siano campanilisti o chissà quale altre supposizioni, io ti dico che quei dati sono semplicemente ridicoli (quelli soprattutto in riferimento all'area napoletana) 3.100.000 l'area di napoli?? e 3.700.000 quella di roma?? ma scherziamo?? è assurdo!! l'area metropolitana di roma non è altamente confrontabile con quella di napoli per motivi che sarebbe troppo prolisso spiegare.. poi avrei da ridiere anche sui 7 milioni dell'area metropolitana di milano, anche quì ho i miei dubbi, quest'area è puramente regionale e non è stata "prodotta" dalla presenza di una sola città, ergo, milano, come invece succede per napoli, dove la sua area ha preso vita grazie all'eccentricità di quest'ultima, non so se mi son spiegato!! quindi, per me, i dati migliori e seri sono proprio quelli censis!! ciao e buona serata :) . Ciao, sarò breve perchè l'argomento si prospetta insidioso e prolisso :) per me possiamo lasciare anche così, ma sappi che l'identificazione della mega regione lombarda è un tantino diversa dall'area metropolitana di milano, perchè è scaturita non solo da una "singola influenza eccentrica". In quanto ai dati, io ritengo molto più affidabili, molto spesso, quelli "di casa", perchè come si suol dire, si conoscono meglio i polli, eccetto i dati poco seri... ma i svimez, nulla da dire, sono ottimissimi e seri, consigliatissimi!! e poi l'ocse mi pare strano che rappresenta gli unici dati internazionali sulle aree, sulla wiki italiana sono stati presi in considerazione altri, li vidi in giro sulle voci sempre relative ad argomenti urbani, se non erro!! cmq sia quelli ocse per me e per molti altri rimangono quelli tra i meno affidabili, non ci resta che affidarci quindi ai dati futuri sperando di trovare maggiori consensi compatti e minori divisioni, ciao e buona giornata :).. == Comoros == Your recent edit seems a bit sloppy. You changed the figures in the infobox, but not elsewhere in the article, making it self-contradictory. More importantly, those figures seem suspect. They suggest that the country lost nearly 125,000 of 800,000 of its population in three years, but the population density went up 10%. Is it possible that the source doesn't include the disputed island of Mayotte (which by convention is included in our article)? Dominic·t I suppose I'll revert then, until we figure out what is going on with the numbers. Next time can you give your statistics a basic sanity check? :-) Dominic·t ==POV== Ciao! I've noticed your last addition in Ferrara (although useful) is rather full of what we call here POV and Weasel words, such as "extraordinary", "probably" etc. Such subjective judgements usually must be provided with some source, as they clearly express a personal point of view or hypoteses which is not accepted in this encyclopedia philosophy. Ciao and let me know! Also, beware of Bible which must be in capitals, and also that in English centuries use Arabic numbers (16th century, instead of XVI century). Ciao e buon divertimento! == Additions appreciated, but please discuss == Hello Conte di Cavour. Whilst I do mainly agree with some of your changes to the Milan page, do you mind please discussing them on the talk page, since they are relatively radical and change the page dramatically, so I'd appreciate that. Anyway, reply and ciao! A non sapevo che tu parlavi italiano. Io lo so parlare mediamente bene, allora puoi anche scrivermi in italiano Conte di Cavour, alcuni edits che io ho fatto sono state discusse (Italia e stata discussa tantissime volte, e altre citta). Nonostante questo, non vuoldire che gli errori che ho fatto io devo essere copiati da te. Milano l'ho solo migliorata, visto che prima era un po corta. Io non sto dicendo che quello che tu hai fatto e terribile (ansi e meglio), ma sto dicendo di discuterlo prima. E riguardando il fatto che Milano l'hai scritta tu, non vorrei distruggiere il tuo articolo, ma ricordati che nessuno e propietario di un articolo, e tu puoi aver' anche fatto degli errori (vedi la pagina Ownership of articles). Intanto, buon lavoro con la pagina, e sto pensando anch' io di cambiare alcune foto. Riscrivimi per dire le tuo idee. Saro collaborativo. Solo una cosa. Non trovi che magari sarebbe meglio mettere la foto dell' ultima cena assieme a quella di raffaello, visto che e arte, non un monumento. Vorrei invence metterci una foto dell' arco della galleria. Suggerimenti? Un altro punto. Non trovi che questa foto sia meglio di quella foto che c'e della galleria? Questa qua e piu bella, mostra il ottagono e tanti negozi. Ho capito il punto della foto di Milano di 1900 e anch'io adesso capisco. All' inizio, pensavo che quella dell' duomo era piu bella, ma adesso so che e meno interessante e piu noiosa. Va bene, rispondi ==Nature== Do you know why the sections on Nature and Vulcanism were removed from Italy? See my note on that articles talk page.Notafly (talk) ==Copyright problem: Tethys Research Institute== Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Tethys Research Institute, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a copy from http://www.tethys.org/about.htm, and therefore a copyright violation. The copyrighted text has been or will soon be deleted. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with our copyright policy. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators are liable to be blocked from editing. If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under license allowed by Wikipedia, then you should do one of the following: It may also be necessary for the text be modified to have an encyclopedic tone and to follow Wikipedia article layout. For more information on Wikipedia's policies, see Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If you would like to begin working on a new version of the article you may do so at . Leave a note at Tethys Research Institute saying you have done so and an administrator will move the new article into place once the issue is resolved. Thank you, and please feel welcome to continue contributing to Wikipedia. Happy editing! Alvestrand (talk) I think that you are a little bit paranoid. I've not copied, but in order to write something about that important Milan-realted institute, I took its own self-destription from its website...guess that that kind of brochure-stuff is thought exactly for this kind of divulgation work, and it doesn't have any academic value to steal, my dear zealous admin. Or should I invent things? Maybe think the next time before blaming people that work for wikipedia, creating pages from nothing, or if you continue this copyright violation which hunt you will destroy wikipedia. It's policy. We can't pick and choose what copyvio to overlook. Dougweller (talk) ==Minor edits== Please don't mark your edits as minor unless they actually minor = see MINOR. "Checking the minor edit box signifies that the current and previous versions differ only superficially (typographical corrections, etc.), in a way that no editor would be expected to regard as disputable." Your edits at Rome were not minor. Dougweller (talk) ==Issues on Economy of Italy== You know that what i did was not vandalism. I came with a good idea, but you don't accept it. So, i'll get the subject to the Moderation. When you said that has a better view on the subject, because you are italian and i'm brazilian, you made a mistake. This way, you are stating your POV. Read this: Neutral point of view PS: Don't put other user on our talk, with what the other said about me. GustoBLSJP (talk) Why do you carry on complaining about imaginative persecutions? You DELETED things that you didn't like: you simply can't do it, you can't delete the WORK of a lot of other users with groundless reasons (lack of neutrality and poor grammar? absolutely false), this is the point. I'm involved in Italy page since 2007 (but the majority of the page was already here): in the last 4 years, we met a lot of users like you, who used to arbitrarily delete huge parts (leaving the graphics of the paragraphs with holes, without fixing it, like you've done), change everything, give lessons to others, being arrogant, starting flames, etc. You can ADD sourced parts, but you can't DELETE a big part just because you don't like it. If you start absurd flames about parts that have been written during many years and that are very well sourced, and if you DELETE these parts without discussing, and without sufficient reasons, it is nothing else but vandalism. The parts that you ADDED: no problems, they have been left and YOU KNOW IT. But you must RESPECT the work of other users: you can't come here and nonchalantly delete 4 years of work without a reason. And I want to make it clear that I'm not talking about myself, because I've written only small parts of the page. Today, unluckily, Italy is very fucked up, and hiding this reality would be dishonest, since we are not writing a tourist guide. Nevertheless, Italy has many good assets that are very well highlighted in the article as well. I've pointed out that I'm Italian not to claim a superiority, but ONLY because you said that the article is written by "haters" and it is not neutral: this is very absurd. Instead, it is perfectly neutral, and since I'm Italian, I can witness this simple fact: that it is balanced and highlights the weak and strong points of my country. IF IT WERE WRITTEN BY HATERS OF MY COUNTRY, I NEVER EVER WOULD TOLERATE IT. But it is absolutely not the case. And much more than this, every single line of the Economy section has a very good reference, so you can't absolutely delete parts, only add. So, please, stop your useless crusade against me and the page, it is a waste of time for everyone. Best Regards, Take it easy. You accuse me several times here. I'm not on a crusade against you, i'm against the stupidities that someone, with low knowledge on the subject and grammar or lack of neutral comment, insert there. I talk to you on "Discussion", insert my sources, and you still calling me a vandal. I'm taking to a Moderator. You do not own the article. Maybe you didn't realize that you must BALANCE controversial subjects (like "the sick man of europe"), to not sound moronic. Do you realize that this term has been applied to almost every country in Europe, and NOT OFTEN to Italy? GustoBLSJP (talk) Reading your answer...it is crystal clear that you didn't read or understand my reply. I repeat for the last time: you can't delete parts that are well sourced. If you ADD something you are very welcome, but you simply CAN NOT delete parts that are well sourced. I never said that I own the article, you don't understand English, I didn't write it, it has been written by a lot of users in many years. The article does not say that "Italy is the sick man of Europe", but, as YOU are stating too (!!!), it says that IT HAS BEEN CALLED "sick man of Europe", with 2+ sources. This is REALITY, you can't deny reality because you don't like it! And please notice, that YOU are saying the same thing, but probably your low level of English does not allow yo to understand. So please, stop talking about grammar, because your level of English is very low compared to the level of the Economy section (not mine). You should write "You ARE still calling me a vandal", don't forget the verbs. For the rest, do whatever you want, if you don't have a life, and if you want to waste your time in stupid flames, but I would never go to the Brazil page with such stupid flames insulting and insisting in denying issues...that you clearly don't know, even without reading the sources, about a country 8,500 km far away from you. Now I'm very tired of you, I'm not replying anymore. I tell you before, take it easy. At no way i accused you, at any time, and you attack me personally several times. It seems that you don't accept the mistakes and don't deserve my help. I have plenty of time. Wikipedia is a free and open encyclopedia. Read this: Avoid the word "vandal" GustoBLSJP (talk) Don't bite Conte di Cavour, I'm sure you can help Gusto civilly here. New editors often need a bit of help getting acclimated to Wikipedia. Prodego talk I ask you, please, to delete the talk we had here. Thank you, if you do. GustoBLSJP (talk) Hello, Conte di Cavour. This message is being sent to inform you that there currently is a discussion at Wikiquette alerts regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Thank you. CrimsonBlack I am GustoBLSJP. CrimsonSabbath (talk) == Conduct regarding CrimsonSabbath == Hi, this is a follow-up to the discussion at Wikiquette alerts regarding the edit conflict at Italy and CrimsonSabbath. You argued that CrimsonSabbath should not be removing material simply because he does not like it. You are absolutely correct. However, please be aware that disruptive editing and stubbornness are not considered vandalism. Also, please keep a cool head in discussions and avoid uncivil actions such as shouting and swearing. Thank you for your edits and I hope you'll continue to improve Italy-related articles here on Wikipedia. Guoguo12 Thank you, I certainly will follow your right recommendations. == Italian-Americans == Whoops, sorry. Carry on... Zeng8r (talk) == Monte Bianco or Mont Blanc == Hello Conte di Cavour, I would appreciate if you could give your opinion on the following subject: Should we use Monte Bianco, Mont Blanc or both in the main article about Italy? If you can please let me know what you think here. Regards, Paulista01 (talk) Hi Paulista, thank you for the consideration. Even if I'm Italian myself, I would say that we unfortunately should use the French word "Mont Blanc", because it is also the English and international version of the name. Regards. Hi Conte di Cavour. I disagree, it is not the "international" version, what is the "international version"? Are we talking about Esperanto? But anyways, I am done, I just wanted to improve the article. I am not trying to please the editors of Wikipedia, it seems that most of the time we are trying to please "egos" and not the ultimate user. I believe we should try to please the readers, they are going to look at their Italian guides (published in English - like the DK Italian Guide) trying to find the Mont Blanc, they will not find it, most modern books about Italy use Monte Bianco. I give up, but I still believe it is the wrong choice. Thanks for your opinion. Regards, Paulista01 (talk) == Italy == I think you'd better support your changes with better arguments (WP:PRETTY). You've also added some mistakes and ignored bad refs, which I'm trying to fix while you editwar. It is also customary to leave an edit summary, which you have consistently avoided. The mayor of Yurp (talk) == Dear Conte di Cavour == Dear Conte di Cavour, :::::it is a long time since we last spoke, but I wanted to pop by and say hello (just before you question who I am, it's Theologiae) I took a long break from Wikipedia, having realised several things. I was very busy with my personal life, but when I started editing the encyclopaedia back in 2009 I was very, very young. The main reason behind my several contributions Italy and relating articles was because, having browsed through them years before, I realised how lacking in information and life they were. In comparison to other WikiProjects, such as France and Germany, Italy fell as flat as a pancake - very few FACs and GAs, as well as the very slow update of information. Looking at archives, if I remember, you were the one who, back in 2006/07, 're-wrote' all the articles and brought a lot of life back to the project, alongside several other valued editors. I wanted to do the same, to some extent. Being very young, I didn't know all the Wikipedia policies on MOS and editing style, but I grew to learn them. My aim was to get the Italy wikiproject back to thinking - a rejuvenation, let us say. I wanted editors to talk, discuss and improve. I maybe was a bit too bold, but I feel that, for better or for worse, I did do, to some extent, what you managed to achieve back then - being a hectic time in life, many edits were rushed, but I started 127 different articles and proposed new ideas. I realise that maybe, back then, you saw me as a bit of a 'disruption' to your work - I re-wrote the articles, changed the pics, etc. I was a bit over-enthusiastic, don't get me wrong. But now that time has passed, I would like to see such edits in a favourable light, as well as our many discussions, which only improved the Italy wikiproject. Now, I don't work on Italy-related pages as much. I felt I achieved my aims, and that, whilst there still is a lot of work to do, it could be dealt with by more experienced editors such as you. Hence, nowadays I work mostly in the fields of arts, music, contemporary affairs, culture and different countries. However, I am in the process of finishing a long article on Culture of Naples, which I've spent ages on looking for sources, getting information and pictures. Before we end, however, I would like to award you something you've deserved for a long time: == Milan == Potresti per favore evitare di cancellare ogni volta la tabella con i paesi di provenienza della popolazione di Milano? Non capisco perché essere tanto ostili ad un'informazione tabulata che si trova in tutte le voci sulle grandi città mondiali. Inoltre quando si fanno modifiche così radicali su una voce così importante sarebbe meglio discuterne prima sulla talk page. Grazie. == Season's Greetings == |} ==We need to talk== Hello Conte di Cavour. First of all congratulations for this important name. We have problems with some users which add false infos in the article Sicily and replace new photos with old ones in the article Italy. Help me when you have time. == Benito Mussolini 02.jpg missing description details == Dear uploader: The media file you uploaded as: Benito Mussolini 02.jpg is missing a description and/or other details on its image description page. If possible, please add this information. This will help other editors make better use of the image, and it will be more informative to readers. If you have any questions, please see Help:Image page. Thank you. Message delivered by Theo's Little Bot (opt-out) ==Disambiguation link notification for August 26== Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Italy, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Fascist Italy (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ Join us at the DPL WikiProject. It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) == 3rr - Italy == Your recent editing history at Italy shows that you are currently engaged in an edit war. Being involved in an edit war can result in your being blocked from editing—especially if you violate the three-revert rule, which states that an editor must not perform more than three reverts on a single page within a 24-hour period. Undoing another editor's work—whether in whole or in part, whether involving the same or different material each time—counts as a revert. Also keep in mind that while violating the three-revert rule often leads to a block, you can still be blocked for edit warring—even if you don't violate the three-revert rule—should your behavior indicate that you intend to continue reverting repeatedly. To avoid being blocked, instead of reverting please consider using the article's talk page to work toward making a version that represents consensus among editors. See BRD for how this is done. You can post a request for help at a relevant noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases, you may wish to request temporary page protection. And don't label edits you don't agree with as vandalism. You don't OWN the article! — Blue-Haired Lawyer t Dear Enok, actually you are (on a daily basis, and massively) reverting all my edits, thus practicing a form of vandalism or, at the very least, disruptive editing. Since there are no apparent reasons for your behaviour, it would appear that you are taking it personal. == ITALY,ITALIANS AND RELATED ARTICLES == Read Italy Talk please.Thanks.151.40.29.113 (talk)

Conte di Cavour

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Simbear

Insects of Tanzania Tanzania

Lepidoptera of Tanzania

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64.197.122.146

== Info lost == Most of the info was lost during the redirect and is not duplicated elsewhere :( 174.118.241.49 (talk) Because most of the "info" was just unsourced plot regurgitation. --IllaZilla (talk)

Weyland-Yutani

==April 2013== Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edit to Sugar glider constitutes vandalism and has been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Donner60 (talk)

184.98.150.95

required expansion and sourcing appear do-able. May become an article on the subject, even if not on the film about' the subject. () () Aaron Bacon, is a 2009 short drama film written and directed by Nick Gaglia, inspired by the Maia Szalavitz book Help at Any Cost, and based upon the true story of 16-year-old Aaron Bacon's death as a result of malpractice and abuse in a tough love wilderness drug treatment facility. ==Background== Galia wrote the film's screenplay after reading Help at Any Cost. He learned how Aaron Bacon endured enduring 30 days of physical and psychological abuse, starvation, and maltreatment before dying, and felt he needed to give Aaron a voice. ==Partial cast== Stephen Michael Kane as Aaron George Gallagher as Peter Kether Donahue as Carrie Joey Reynolds as Ted Daniel Evans as Gumby Jennifer Dorr White as Sally Denny Bess as Ike Dennis Gagomiros as Bob Donald Pritt as Chris G.R. Johnson as Dr. Robins ==Reception== When Fox News covered the Scottsdale, Arizona premiere, they called Aaron Bacon "A Powerful Film!" ==Release== The film had its world premiere on June 14, 2009 at the Shanghai International Film Festival, and its American debut in Los Angeles, California on August 28, 2009, followed by the Vermont International Film Festival on October 23, 2009. ==Additional reading== 'Boot Camps: Children's Gulags or Child Abuse for Fun and Profit, by A. Orange Loving Them to Death by Jon Krakauer, Outside ==References== ==External links== Aaron Bacon'' at the Internet Movie Database

MichaelQSchmidt/workspace/Aaron Bacon (film)

== logo == I propose that the stars in the logo get removed. Is this okay? (LAz17 (talk) ). I see that Juventus F.C. removed them, what about other cases? I was already told, but I forgot, what do they exactly mean? Are they 1 World, 1 Euro Cup? FkpCascais (talk) I have no idea what they are. No other clubs in Zvezda seem to have them - however FK Partizan has these. They must mean something in soccer - but who knows what? (LAz17 (talk) ). They usually mean 10 national championships (I know in Partizan case, and some other world football clubs they do) but they can have different meanings depending on the decision of each club. I think this stars in the official crest issue is not regulated worldwide, but rather nationally. They are usual to see in the major winning trophies clubs in the world, so I feel good that Serbian clubs follow this trend, as well. I don´t support all trends (I rather dislike trends), but in this particular case, when stars mean titles, I do like it. I understand you now better, because you are dealing with the all crests of Red Stars different sport clubs, but for football case, I prefer to leave them, having the official logo with stars. But, I don´t want to monopolise this decision, so it would be great to have more touths from other editors on this. Thanx Laz. FkpCascais (talk) ::Juventus F.C. didn't remove its stars, its just a logo restyling, the stars are now outside the logo. For Red Star the two stars mean two European Cup won. See: Star (football crest). Theirrulez (talk) To be more precise it´s one European and one Intercontinental, but anyway, thanx a lot Theirrulez, and the link about the Star (football crest) was very usefull here :) FkpCascais (talk) You're welcome, I'm a football lover too. ;) Theirrulez (talk) Each star means that the club won 10 tittles in the domestic competition. The stars are a part of the logo. The thing about this logo is that it is not the official one, this logo is the old logo that in the last 4 years the marketing department is trying to promote. It will be officially adopted in the next GA. The actual logo (u can find it on the UEFA site) was incorporated more than 10 years ago. The rumors were that there was pressure to put blue color in the logo so it can remind people of the Serbian flag (red blue white). One more thing, from this season the official 2nd jersey is blue. I dont know how to change things here, I am just trying to help you. == IPA pronunciation == As FkpCascais has mentioned, the name Crvena zvezda is pretty hard to pronounce for the people not coming from the former Yugoslavia. That's when I've noticed we don't have IPA pronunciation here, and it would be very useful. I believe it should be something like , but, unfortunately, I am not sure if I am right, and I don't want to write something I am not sure of. Is there anyone willing to put up a correct IPA pronunciation of the Serbian name here? Excellent idea. Something should be done about this, especially when the page gets moved to the common name FK Crvena Zvezda. (LAz17 (talk) ). I´ll try to see who could help on this. FkpCascais (talk) If there's anyone willing to decipher, this could be useful: IPA for Serbo-Croatian. How can I help? == Royalty == As can be seen, Real Madrid is not the english name. Hence, we need it to be english, not spanish, at least that is what certain people say here. Hence, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Real_Madrid_C.F.#Requested_move_2 is available for you to try to ruin that page too. Cheers. (LAz17 (talk) ). That is just plain NONSENSE. It's so rediculous is not worth commenting on beyond it being patent nonsense. Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. Exactly, ridiculous bullshit - the same thing has happened here so there is precedent! Crvena Zvezda is just like Real Madrid - calling it otherwise would be like calling Real Royal. (LAz17 (talk) ). :Please, what you said! Real Madrid is consolidated in English use since long time ago, Crvena Zvezda had never belonged to English use. Anyways don't use uncivil language. Can someone please give a warning to Laz about the kind of language and attitude he has been having here. He already said profanities on my talk page, and now he does it here with all people that disagrees with him. He has been disruptive and doesn´t even bother to check which participants are senior wikipedians, or... well, actually, he doesn´t respect nobody! Discussing this way is very unpleasent. FkpCascais (talk) Rule no.1 on wikipedia is to be bold. Rule no 2 should be not to lie - something that you are doing. If anyone is being profane on a personal talk page it is you. (LAz17 (talk) ). Ok, you really ask for it! Here: you told me "idi jedi govna" meaning: "go eat sh*t". Then here: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk%3AFkpCascais&action=historysubmit&diff=361820135&oldid=361819406 you said "jebo lud zbunjenog", meaning (bad translation) "f*ck the stup*id the one with doubts", want more? Without counting here on this page. Now, since you said I lie, say where I said profanities to you? Where? FkpCascais (talk) Jedi govna means shush. You can not translate certain serbain phrases into english word for word. I simply told you to stop harassing me on my talk page, you continued, and then naturally I responded with the same type of low actions that you did. Jebo lud zbunjenog is a phrase that means "that's messed up". (LAz17 (talk) ). And of course, you can say "dva jaja na oko" means "two eggs on eye" when in fact it means "sunny side up eggs"... or "who plums you" is the word for word translation of who gives a damn about you... so I will leave it at that and ask you "Who plums you?" And no, don't reply please. (LAz17 (talk) ). You´re being funny with me? So, I lied? I was the one that said that I never want to see you again, remember? I harass you... I´ll just report you, and never wanna have contact with you, understand? FkpCascais (talk) Just fuck off with your pointless statements aimed at me. That would be the most constructive. "Cut the filler material." Write only what is necessary to the topic at hand. Your life already revolves around wiki - so please do yourself and myself a favor by not having me be a part that it revolves around too. (LAz17 (talk) ). The report on you is here: (be pleased that I don´t know to exagerate reports, like some experts that I saw do).

Red Star Belgrade

==Pollution Impact== ===Overview=== Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent present in consumer products such as antibacterial soaps and detergents. The United States uses roughly 1500 kg of Triclosan per day or 547,500 kg year round. Although about 90-98% Triclosan is removed from water supply through waste water treatment plants it is estimated only about 50% of Triclosan is degraded during treatment. Wastewater treatment plants are not specifically designed for removal of organic compounds such as detergents and personal care products. Triclosan was found in 57.6% of US streams out of 139 surveyed and it is one of the most frequently detected pollutants. Currently Triclosan is not classified as being toxic to humans; however, the EPA and FDA have come together in their research of Triclosan in attempts to better understand the toxic impact it may have on both the environment and humans. Certain byproducts of Triclosan such as chloroform and 2,8-dichlorooxanthane (dioxin) are already known to have a considerable toxic effect. ===Chloroform Production=== About 70% of all US drinking water uses free chlorine as a disinfectant residual. Free chlorine is the driving force behind chloroform production when introduced to Triclosan: Triclosan + Free Chlorine and HOCl →4,5-dichloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)Phenol (Triclosan Ring Cleavage + Chlorine substitution) → chloroform High enough chlorine concentrations cause chlorine substitutions to take place in the Triclosan molecule, eventually leading to a ring cleavage of Triclosan, and the production of chloroform. Chloroform is classified as a probable human carcinogen, cancer-causing agent. Tap water not introduced to Triclosan contamination has been found to contain 0.65 mg of chloroform per year; tap water that has been contaminated contains anywhere from 6.8-28 mg per year. ===Dioxin Production=== Triclosan has the ability to produce several types of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (2,8 DCDD) from exposure to sunlight: Triclosan + H+ and sunlight → 2,8 DCDD Triclosan converts to 2,8-DCDD (2,8-dichlorooxanthane) when irradiated under UV light in aqueous alkaline solutions. The resulting byproduct, 2,8-DCDD, is a known carcinogen. Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) is a surfactant that can be present in the water supply and when present along with Triclosan it promotes dioxin synthesis. When CTAB is present there is a 3.89% yield of dioxin; when it is not present there is a 0.54% yield of dioxin. ===Environmental Impact=== Up to 50% of Triclosan remains unchanged by aerobic and anaerobic digestion in a typical wastewater facility. A large percent of it will then get trapped in sludge at the bottom of the treatment tanks and sludge is widely used to fertilize pastures, forests, and human food crops. It is estimated more than 100,000 pounds of Triclosan are spread on the ground through sludge every year in the United States. Degradation of Triclosan is typically done through photolysis instead of hydrolysis, which it is stable against, and it accounts for most of Triclosan's loss in soil and surface water. The typical half life of Triclosan is aerobic soil is 18 days and in anaerobic soils there is not a significant loss of it in 70. The difference in aerobic and anaerobic soil half life can be attributed to biodegradation since this is a major process in aerobic conditions and not anaerobic. Triclosan also has a detrimental effect in sandy soil to nitrification at concentrations at or exceeding 5 mg/kg. Triclosan is very toxic to algae and has an impact on algae growth at that current level of pollution. Algae's lowest no-observed-effect-concentration is less than 1 microgram per liter and the estimated concentration of Triclosan in United States wastewater effluents is between 0.2-2.7 microgram/Liter. ===Presence in Humans=== Effects of Triclosan ingestion by humans is not fully understood however there has been indications of its presence impacting allergies, disrupting the endocrine system, and the possible production of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In 2004 the CDC measured the presence of Triclosan in urine and nearly 75% of urine samples surveyed contained Triclosan. In 2003-2004 the Triclosan concentration in urine was 12.7 ppm, and in 2005-2006 the concentration rose to 18.5 ppm, marking an increase of 45%. In a study in Sweden 3 out of the 5 women surveyed contained what is considered high levels of Triclosan in their breast milk with one being as high as 300 microgram per kilogram of lipid weight. ==References==

Rdusan1/sandbox

== Welcome to Wikipedia! == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see: The five pillars of Wikipedia Help pages Tutorial How to edit a page and How to develop articles Simplified Manual of Style Intuitive guide to Wikipedia You are welcome to continue editing without logging in, but you may want to consider . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits such as the ability to create articles. For a full outline and explanation of the benefits that come with creating an account, please see this page. If you edit without a username, your IP address (69.228.97.144) is used to identify you instead. In any case, I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your comments on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. Again, welcome! == April 2013 == Hello, I'm BracketBot. I have automatically detected that to Amy, la nia de la mochila azul may have broken the syntax by modifying 1 "()"s. If I misunderstood what happened, or if you have any questions, you can leave my operator a message on his talk page. Thanks, BracketBot (talk)

69.228.97.144

==Welcome== Hi ! Welcome to our fantastic collaborative project, where editors build articles based upon reliable sources and help each other to make those articles full of great, neutral information. I thought it might be helpful for your trip to have a place where you can ask questions along the way. There's a special place called the Teahouse, where you can ask any question you have about editing and get friendly help from trusted hosts. We'd like to have you as a guest. Drop by for a cup of tea anytime! Teahouse Great to have you on board! Thanks so much for your friendly welcome WillKomen. I can't wait to start editing! Axis42 (talk) ==Earth?== Hey , I see that you're from Planet Earth. I'm also from Planet Earth! I have been working on the Wikipedia article about Planet Earth from Planet Earth. Would you like to give me a hand? Great, I'm so excited! There's plenty to work on and I could really use a hand. I'm so glad to have your help. I'll see you there! :Hey thanks for fixing up those typos ! I'm not too great with spelling so it's awesome to have you filling that gap. We all do what we're best at here, and it seems like you have some skills we can definitely use. I've added some more content to the article if you want to take a look. Cheers! ==A riddle== I ponder a riddle for the few with clue, how do we know what on Wikipedia is true? ==Reliable sources== Hi ! I put this information on the Earth article talk page. It's some sources I found. Which one should we use? I'm so glad you're still with me on this. We rock! ==Thanks! What now?== Hey , it's me again. I flew around the world but now I'm back on Wikipedia. Thanks so much for adding the information to the article. What do we do now though? What if someone wants to check the source themselves, how will they know where to go? ==The answer to your question is within== Wikipedia has our preferences, and number one is high quality references. Enjoy these intellectual libations, drink your knowledge from inline citations. ==Barnstar of Awesome==

Axis42/TWA

Star-cuploids

==Welcome== Welcome! Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: The five pillars of Wikipedia How to edit a page Help pages Tutorial How to write a great article Manual of Style I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or place on your talk page and ask your question there. Again, welcome!  - Ahunt (talk) ==LINKSPAM== Please stop adding links to your own website to articles. This is not permitted and they have all been and will continue to be removed. - Ahunt (talk) == xtreme gap == Users: This is your only warning; if you insert a spam link to Wikipedia again, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Persistent spammers may have their websites blacklisted, preventing anyone from linking to them from all Wikimedia sites as well as potentially being penalized by search engines. --Dirk Beetstra T C

62.163.201.204

== April 2013 == Hello, I'm Yintan. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Tarantula, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks,  Yintan 

67.167.153.23

== September 2014 == Hello, I'm Bmicomp. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Armstrong & Getty, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. BMIComp If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.

118.0.236.237

Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Doulos Christos (talk)

76.120.246.255

== Welcome to Wikipedia! == Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see: The five pillars of Wikipedia Contributing to Wikipedia Tutorial How to edit a page and How to develop articles Simplified Manual of Style Intuitive guide to Wikipedia You are welcome to continue editing without logging in, but you may want to consider . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits such as the ability to create articles. For a full outline and explanation of the benefits that come with creating an account, please see this page. If you edit without a username, your IP address (132.76.10.42) is used to identify you instead. In any case, I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your comments on talk pages using four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question and then place before the question on this page. Again, welcome! -- Kendrick7talk

132.76.10.42

Tamao Nakamura

==Untitled== Is starting with the quote appropriate for an encyclopedia? No, I removed it. Tuf-Kat DOES IT MAKE ANY SENSE TO HAVE A PICTURE OF A NUCLEAR EXPLOSION IN NEVADA (OR ANYWHERE ELSE) ON THIS PAGE? NO NUCLEAR TEST WAS EVER CONDUCTED IN THE ZONE ARE. WON'T A PICTURE OF THE MEXICAN FOREIGN MINISTRY BUILDING IN TLATELOLCO BE MORE APPROPRIATE? OR WHAT ABOUT A PICTURE OF ALFONSO GARCIA ROBLES WHO WON THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR HIS LEADERSHIP ON THE TREATY? 80.121.81.130 (talk) Tovish == Protocol 1 == Have the US, UK and France really agreed to keep their nuclear weapons out of their territories in this region? == When did Brazil sign the treaty? == It is my understanding that Brazil did not sign the treaty until the mid-90s. This article declares that Argentina and Cuba were the only countries not to sign it in the 60s. Please confirm. Thanks BenBen unt (talk) See --

Treaty of Tlatelolco

==Welcome== Hi ! Welcome to our fantastic collaborative project, where editors build articles based upon reliable sources and help each other to make those articles full of great, neutral information. I thought it might be helpful for your trip to have a place where you can ask questions along the way. There's a special place called the Teahouse, where you can ask any question you have about editing and get friendly help from trusted hosts. We'd like to have you as a guest. Drop by for a cup of tea anytime! Teahouse Great to have you on board! Thanks so much for your friendly welcome WillKomen. I can't wait to start editing! Ozana75 (talk) ==Earth?== Hey , I see that you're from Planet Earth. I'm also from Planet Earth! I have been working on the Wikipedia article about Planet Earth from Planet Earth. Would you like to give me a hand? Awesome GaiaGirl86, it's my favorite planet! How do I get there? Ozana75 (talk) Great, I'm so excited! There's plenty to work on and I could really use a hand. I'm so glad to have your help. I'll see you there! :Hey thanks for fixing up those typos ! I'm not too great with spelling so it's awesome to have you filling that gap. We all do what we're best at here, and it seems like you have some skills we can definitely use. I've added some more content to the article if you want to take a look. Cheers! ==A riddle== I ponder a riddle for the few with clue, how do we know what on Wikipedia is true? ==Reliable sources== Hi ! I put this information on the Earth article talk page. It's some sources I found. Which one should we use? I'm so glad you're still with me on this. We rock! ==Thanks! What now?== Hey , it's me again. I flew around the world but now I'm back on Wikipedia. Thanks so much for adding the information to the article. What do we do now though? What if someone wants to check the source themselves, how will they know where to go? ==The answer to your question is within== Wikipedia has our preferences, and number one is high quality references. Enjoy these intellectual libations, drink your knowledge from inline citations. --SocraTease (talk)

Ozana75/TWA

Ski jumpers by nationality Ski jumpers Kazakhstani skiers

Kazakhstani ski jumpers

Hylophilus is a genus of bird in the Vireonidae family. Established by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1822, it contains the following species: Grey-eyed greenlet (Hylophilus amaurocephalus) Golden-fronted greenlet (Hylophilus aurantiifrons) Brown-headed greenlet (Hylophilus brunneiceps) Lesser greenlet (Hylophilus decurtatus) Scrub greenlet (Hylophilus flavipes) Dusky-capped greenlet (Hylophilus hypoxanthus) Buff-cheeked greenlet (Hylophilus muscicapinus) Tawny-crowned greenlet (Hylophilus ochraceiceps) Olivaceous greenlet (Hylophilus olivaceus) Ashy-headed greenlet (Hylophilus pectoralis) Rufous-crowned greenlet (Hylophilus poicilotis) Tepui greenlet (Hylophilus sclateri) Rufous-naped greenlet (Hylophilus semibrunneus) Grey-chested greenlet (Hylophilus semicinereus) Lemon-chested greenlet (Hylophilus thoracicus) The name Hylophilus is composed of the Greek words for "forest" or "woodland" (hulē) and "-loving" (philos, from phileō, meaning "to love"). ==References== Vireonidae Bird genera

Hylophilus

===4 September 2014===

Deletion review/Log/2014 September 4

This message concerns . Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia; your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Vsmith

68.63.157.68

The Society for International Development (SID), founded in Washington, D.C., United States, in 1957, is committed to stimulating dialogue and cooperation on global development issues, enhancing skills, knowledge and understanding among development practitioners, and providing a network for individuals and organizations working in various sectors of international development. Over the years, SID has consistently been at the forefront of shaping the theory and practice of development, challenging existing practices and suggesting alternative approaches. Today, SID’s programme of work reflects the growing questioning of development as a point of reference for meaningful North-South dialogues. Accordingly, the Society’s focus has shifted from debates on how to advance development, to ways of opening up spaces for a reflection on how to ensure an agenda for social justice can be carried forward in a climate that is increasingly conservative and inward looking. SID has a strong and vibrant network of individual and institutional members, local chapters and partner organisations, in more than 80 countries. It works with more than 100 associations, networks and institutions involving academia, parliamentarians, students, political leaders and development experts, both at local and international level. SID’s consultative status The relevance of the society’s programmes is officially recognized by the special status that SID enjoys with the United Nations. SID enjoys the highest consultative status, Category I, with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) as the Society operates in most fields of involvement of the United Nations. SID is a member of the board of the Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations in Consultative Status with ECOSOC (CONGO). SID additionally maintains consultative status with the Council of Europe, IFAD, International Labour Organization, FAO, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNEP, UNESCO, UNFPA and UNICEF. ==Secretariat== The SID Secretariat has been based in Rome since 1979. Additionally, SID opened a Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa in Nairobi in 2003. ==Governing Council== SID members elect the SID Governing Council via a mail ballot every four years. The current council for the 2012-2015 period is: President: Mr.Juma Volter Mwapachu, Society for International Development, Tanzania Vice President: Jean Gilson, Senior Vice President, Strategy and Information Technology at DAI Treasurer: Mr. René Grotenhuis, Chief Executive Officer Cordaid, The Netherlands Managing Director: Mr. Stefano Prato, Society for International Development ==SID Journal Development== Development (, eISSN: ) is the flagship quarterly journal of the Society for International Development (SID), published by the Palgrave Macmillan press. Since 1957 Development has explored the cutting edge issues of human-centred development. With alternative perspectives on civil society, development policy and community based strategies for livelihoods, gender and social justice, Development keeps readers up to date on the challenging issues of today's rapidly changing world. ==SID Forum== The Forum is the blog space of the Society for International Development devoted to collect and generate different opinions on topical issues and events of development. Created in 2010 and led by the SID Secretariat, the Forum is a response to the numerous requests of sharing and networking within and around the SID network. It is the knowledge and resource sharing space of SID dedicated to all its members, chapters, partners and friends worldwide. ==Membership== Join the Society for International Development and you will be part of a large and lively global network of individuals and institutions interested in development! Most SID members are organised into local chapters through which they have the opportunity to engage in development initiatives and events (such as conferences, seminars, lecture series, round tables, advocacy campaigns, charity events) in their locale maintaining a strong link with the territory. If there is no chapter in the country or region where you live, you are welcome to join SID through the international secretariat. ==Washington D.C. Chapter== The Washington D.C. Chapter is the largest and most active chapter of the Society for International Development, with 150 member organizations and over a thousand individual members. SID-Washington's twenty regional and topical workgroups hold monthly events which connect a global forum of international development practitioners. SID-Washington is a leading international development membership organization that provides a space for dialogue and bridges a dynamic community of individuals and institutions working in international development. SID-Washington is committed to three principal objectives: Stimulating dialogue and cooperation on global development issues Enhancing skills, knowledge and understanding among development practitioners Providing a network for individuals and organizations working in various sectors of international development In pursuing this mission, SID-Washington bridges diverse constituencies (including academia, policy makers, progressive business sector, and multilateral institutions) in order to serves as a knowledge broker that supports the generation, exchange and dissemination of ideas. ===Notable event speakers=== J. Brian Atwood, former Administrator of USAID and currently Dean of the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs Paul Collier, CBE, Director of the Centre for the Study of African Economies and author of The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done about It Amb. John J. Danilovich, Chief Executive Officer, Millennium Challenge Corporation Dr. Kemal Derviş, former Administrator of the UNDP and currently Director of the Global Economy and Development Program at the Brookings Institution Dr. William Easterly, author of The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good Michael Fairbanks, Co-Founder of SEVEN and co-author of Plowing the Sea, Nurturing the Hidden Sources of Advantage in Developing Nations Richard Feachem, KBE, FREng, Director of the Global Health Group Henrietta H. Fore, former Under-Secretary of State and former Acting Administrator of USAID Dr. Francis Fukuyama, Director of the International Development Program at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies and author of The End of History and the Last Man Amb. Zalmay Khalilzad, former United States Ambassador to the United Nations Former U.S. Representative Jim Kolbe, former Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations Dr. Carol Lancaster, Interim Dean of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and former Counsel to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board U.S. Representative Nita Lowey, Chair, House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations Ad Melkert, Under-Secretary General of the UN and Associate Administrator of UNDP Andrew Natsios, former USAID Administrator and President's Special Envoy for Sudan Amb. John D. Negroponte, former Director of National Intelligence and former Deputy Secretary of State U.S. Representative David Obey, Chairman, House Appropriations Committee. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala former Finance Minister and former Foreign Minister of Nigeria Anne-Marie Slaughter, Director of Policy Planning at the U.S. Department of State Aaron S. Williams, Director of the Peace Corps == Buenos Aires Chapter== The Buenos Aires Chapter (SID-Baires) was created at the end of 1957, by a group of Argentinean intellectuals and scholars – like the economist Raul Prebish – committed to promote critical thinking and dialogue around development ideas on the eve of the increased attention and interest to new strategies for development, taking place in Argentina – at that time run by the Desarrollista government of Arturo Frondizi – as well as in the rest of the world. The chapter – known as “Argentine Chapter” changed the name to “Buenos Aires Chapter” in 2000, following the creation of two new chapters in the cities of Rosario and La Plata. The Buenos Aires Chapter is one of the oldest chapter of SID that has engaged consistently and continuously for more than 50 years in activities and programmers addressing development questions and processes from a both national and international perspective. === Mission === The Buenos Aires Chapter seeks to become a hub for holistic, multi-disciplinary and multi-sectoral thinking able to contribute to the construction of a vision of development that is harmonic, inclusive and sustainable. === Activities === SIDbaires is divided in departments that debate and produce critical thinking and propose public policies for Argentina’s complex reality. A series of policy dialogues are carried out with the aim of exploring and better understanding what model of development is suitable for Argentina and for Latin America as a whole. In that effort, the Chapter has set up a virtual newsroom to produce opinion pieces and analysis – published on the national press - presenting the main findings and key issues emerging in the discussions. SIDbaires members are key rising figures in business, union and government circles. In September 2010, the first issue of SIDbaires' new magazine, Qué? Hacer para el Desarrollo, was launched. ==Netherlands Chapter== ===Foundation and mission=== The Society for International Development in the Netherlands (SID NL) is a debate-driven network organisation founded in 1991. SID NL aims at providing a platform where civil society, NGOs, students, academics, private partners, government officials, politicians and media meet and have the opportunity to share and discuss their commitment to successful international cooperation and development. By creating a platform for discussion for future-oriented and creative advocates, SID NL tries to sharpen the thinking on international development. By bringing together a mix of stakeholders, SID NL is an important actor in the debate on international development cooperation in the Netherlands, influencing decision-makers and informing the public. ===Activities=== SID NL organises lectures, debates and conferences on international cooperation development. Each activity provides the audience with the opportunity to enter into a debate with influential (international) speaker(s). ====SID Lectures==== Series of lectures discussing a specific subject from multiple perspectives. The lectures take place at the VU University Amsterdam. Each series of lectures has a common theme: 2004-2005: Security and Development 2005-2006: Religion, Development and International Relations 2006-2007: Democracy and Development 2007-2008: Emerging Global Scarcities and Power Shifts 2008-2009: Economic Growth and the Common Good 2009-2010: Common Goods in a Divided World 2010-2011: Global Values in a Changing World 2011-2012: The State in a Globalizing World 2012-2013: The Private Sector and Development 2013-2014: Dispersed Power in a World in Transition As of September 2014, the lectures will take place at the ISS Erasmus University in The Hague. 2014-2015: New spaces for international engagement in a globalised world ====Lunch meetings==== With the monthly Bread&Brains meetings, SID NL creates an informal meeting place for representatives of (international) organisations, NGOs, knowledge institutes, governments and others to connect and discuss topical issues in the field of international cooperation and development. The lunch meetings take place in the Humanity House in the Hague. Prominent speakers from and working in the Netherlands are invited to share their views, while visitors can enjoy an organic lunch and have the opportunity to engage in a debate on pressing issues in the field of international cooperation, development, and peace and justice. ====Notable event speakers==== Dr. Ben Bot, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands Dr. Denis Broun, Executive Director of UNITAID Dr. J. Brian Atwood, Former Chair of the OECD Development Assistance Committee Mr. Bert Koenders, Former Minister for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands and current Special Representative and Head of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA). Prof. Dr. Thomas Pogge, author of ‘World Poverty and Human Rights’ Mrs. Agnes van Ardenne, Former Minister for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands Prof. Paul Collier, Director for the Centre for the Study of African Economies at the University of Oxford Dr. Jan Pronk, Former Minister for Development Cooperation of the Netherlands and former Special Representative and Head of Mission for the United Nations Mission in Sudan Dr. Inge Kaul, Adjunct professor at the Hertie School of Governance Prof. Dr. He Wenping, Director of African Studies section, Institute of West-Asian & African Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Mr. Anwar Ibrahim, Former Deputy Prime Minister and former Finance Minister of Malaysia Mr. Ad Melkert, Former Minister of Social Affairs and Employment of the Netherlands and former Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations in Iraq Mrs. Manuela Monteiro, Former Director of Hivos Judge Song Sang-Hyun, President of the International Criminal Court in the Hague Dr. Jan-Peter Balkenende, Former Prime-Minister of the Netherlands Dr. Benjamin Barber, Author of "Why Mayors Should Rule the World" Ms. Lilianne Ploumen, Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation of the Netherlands ====Other activities==== The organisation of ad hoc debates and panel discussions on topical issues The organisation of expert meetings, where invitees debate a particular issue. Expert meetings have taken place on topics such as global citizenship, migration and performance based aid The organisation of network events The publication of reports ==References== ==External links== SID-International SID-Washington SID-Buenos Aires SID-Netherlands SID-Forum SID Israel SID-Chapters in Germany 1957 establishments in the United States International development Organizations established in 1957 Organizations based in Washington, D.C. Organizations with general consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council

Society for International Development

Karl Ewald Hasse (23 June 1810 – 26 September 1902) was a German physician and professor of special pathology born in Dresden. He studied medicine at the medical-surgical academy in Dresden and at University of Leipzig, earning his doctorate in 1833. Later, he continued his education in Paris and Vienna, and subsequently returned to Leipzig, where in 1836 he received his habilitation. In 1839 he became an associate professor of pathological anatomy in Leipzig, and in 1844 relocated to Zürich, where he was appointed medical director of the cantonal hospital and a professor of pathology. In 1852 he was appointed professor of special pathology at the medical clinic of the University of Heidelberg, and in 1856 garnered the same position in Göttingen, where he served as medical director until 1878. Among his written works was "Anatomische Beschreibung der Krankheiten der Circulations- und Respirations-Organe", a book that was translated into English by William Edward Swaine and published in 1846 as "An anatomical description of the diseases of the organs of circulation and respiration". He was instrumental in the decision by the Swiss psychiatrist and pioneer of psychosurgery, Gottlieb Burckhardt, to enter the medical field of nervous diseases. == Other publications associated with Hasse == Die Menschenblattern und die Kuhpockenimpfung, eine geschichtliche Skizze (Smallpox and cowpox, a historical sketch), 1852. Krankheiten des Nervensystems (Diseases of the nervous system), 1855, second edition 1868. Karl Ewald Hasse, der Nestor der deutschen Kliniker by Hermann Obst, 1900. From 1874, Hasse directed Gustav Born, the father of Max Born. Hasse's anti-semitism led him to treat Born with disdain -(Greenspan 2005:10). Nancy Thorndike Greenspan (2005) "The end of the certain world: the life and science of Max Born". == References == == Bibliography == Pagel: Biographical Dictionary (translated biography) ==External links== Neurotree: Karl Ewald Hasse Details German physicians German pathologists People from Dresden Heidelberg University faculty University of Göttingen faculty 1810 births 1902 deaths

Karl Ewald Hasse

This is me. I am She. But they call me Chocolatepie231 She likes: Books Anime/Manga Music Gardening Chocolate Pie Hair/Nails/Makeup Sleep Nature The number 3, but not necessarily 1 or 2

Chocolatepie231

// twinkleoptions.js: personal Twinkle preferences file // // NOTE: The easiest way to change your Twinkle preferences is by using the // Twinkle preferences panel, at Twinkle/Preferences. // // This file is AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED. Any changes you make (aside from // changing the configuration parameters in a valid-JavaScript way) will be // overwritten the next time you click "save" in the Twinkle preferences // panel. If modifying this file, make sure to use correct JavaScript. window.Twinkle.prefs = { "twinkle": { "userTalkPageMode": "tab", "watchRevertedPages": [ "vand" ] }, "friendly": {} }; // End of twinkleoptions.js

Chris1834/twinkleoptions.js

==Summary== ==Licensing==

Napa Valley College logo.svg

== Problems == If you would like to add different perspectives to this article, please do. I merely outlined the basic definition, and added one section to address the article which linked me to the blank page. I would assume someone would want to add a practical section as well. I have noticed one user repeatedly marking the page as 'unwikipedic' without siting any problems with it in the discussion page. Unless you're going to state what the problem is, do not keep adding this flag. Akaroo == Not wikipedian as it is == As it stands, it could perfectly be edited and moved to wiktionary as a Computer Game term. There are no sources, no references, no links... Hope these are reasons enought... --Francisco Valverd

Vitality

Sanofi Pasteur is the vaccines division of the multinational pharmaceutical company Sanofi. Sanofi Pasteur is the largest company in the world devoted entirely to vaccines. == History == In 2004, Aventis merged with and into Sanofi. The new Sanofi-Aventis Group became the world's 3rd largest pharmaceutical company. Aventis Pasteur, the vaccine division of Sanofi-Aventis Group, changed its name to Sanofi Pasteur. === Key dates === 1897: Marcel Mérieux creates the Mérieux Biological Institute in Lyon. Richard Slee creates the Pocono Biological Laboratories, in Swiftwater, Pennsylvania in the U.S. 1914: John FitzGerald creates Connaught Laboratories, part of the University of Toronto. 1968: Rhône-Poulenc acquires 51% of the capital of the Institut Mérieux. 1974: Pasteur Institute creates Pasteur Production, a subsidiary specializing in manufacturing vaccines. 1978: Connaught Laboratories in Canada acquires the vaccine manufacturing facility (Merrell-National Laboratories) at Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, U.S. 1985: Pasteur Production is acquired by the Mérieux Institute, and Pasteur Vaccins is created. 1989: The Mérieux Institute acquires the Connaught Laboratories in Canada and its subsidiaries and becomes a world leader in . 1990: Creation of Pasteur Mérieux Serums & Vaccins. 1994: Pasteur Mérieux Sérums & Vaccins becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Rhône-Poulenc. 1996: Pasteur Mérieux Connaught is the new name of Pasteur Mérieux Serums et Vaccins. 1999: Rhône-Poulenc and Hoechst unite their Life Sciences activities in a single company, which takes on the name Aventis. Within this group, Pasteur Mérieux Connaught changes its name to Aventis Pasteur. 2004: merger of Aventis with and into Sanofi. The new Sanofi-Aventis Group becomes the world's 3rd largest pharmaceutical company, behind Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline. Aventis Pasteur, the vaccine division of the Sanofi-Aventis Group, changes its name to Sanofi Pasteur. 2008: Sanofi Pasteur acquires Acambis plc, a biotech company. 2009: Sanofi Pasteur acquires major stake in Hyderabad-based Shantha Biotechnics. == Key facts & figures in 2012 == Sanofi Pasteur 2012 net sales: € 3,897 millions (+5.7% over 2011) Staff: nearly 13,000 employees worldwide More than 1 billion doses of vaccines produced yearly to immunize more than 500 million people in the world Largest product range available, against 20 infectious diseases More than €1 million invested every day in R&D Nearly €2 billion invested in the last 5 years in production infrastructures. Headquarters: Paris, France (previously Lyon, France) 14 production and/or R&D sites located in: == Vaccines == TheraCys - bladder cancer ADACEL (Tdap) - diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis DAPTACEL (DTaP) - diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids Adsorbed USP, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed - diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis TriHIBit (DTaP/Hib Booster Use) - diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis and Tripedia (DTaP vaccine) - diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis ActHIB - haemophilus influenzae type b Fluzone, Influenza Virus Vaccine - influenza Fluzone, Influenza Virus Vaccine, No Preservative - influenza Fluzone, Influenza Virus Vaccine, No Preservative: Ped Dose - influenza Menactra - meningococcal In 2011, Menactra became the first meningococcal vaccine approved for use in infants. Menomune-A/C/Y/W-135 - meningococcal IPOL - Polio Imogam Rabies-HT - rabies immune globulin IMOVAX RABIES - rabies DECAVAC - tetanus and diphtheria Tetanus Toxoid Adsorbed - tetanus Tetanus Toxoid For Booster Use Only - tetanus JE-VAX - Japanese encephalitis virus Typhim Vi - typhoid fever YF-VAX - yellow fever Tubersol - tuberculosis ==External links== Sanofi Pasteur official website ==References== Sanofi Vaccine producers Companies based in Paris

Sanofi Pasteur

{| width = "100%" |- ! colspan="3" align="center" | Science desk |- ! width="20%" align="left" | < August 29 ! width="25%" align="center"|<< Jul | August | Sep >> ! width="20%" align="right" | > |} {| align=center width=95% style="background: #FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #003EBA;" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" |- ! style="background: #5D7CBA; text-align: center;" align="center" | Welcome to the Wikipedia Science Reference Desk Archives |- | The page you are currently viewing is . While you can leave answers for any questions shown below, please ask new questions on one of the current reference desk pages. |} __TOC__ = August 30 = == Recycling == Is there an example of a recycling plant that employs destructive fractional distillation under a reducing hydrogen atmosphere? I know of examples that separately employ fractional distillation, and plasmification, but not one that combines both. Plasmic Physics (talk) ==The ideal cases in mathematics, physics and chemistry== Does the ideal cases in mathematics, physics and chemistry are been always right? The ideal cases in mathematics, physics and chemistry are been always a regularity or a paradox? I think you're asking whether the theoretical answer is always the real-world solution. That would be more common in math, although there are also many wrong answers provided by math, along with the correct ones, such as negative square roots that don't apply to a real-world case. In science there's more often a difference between the theoretical and observed. For example, the observation of the universe expanding at an ever increasing rate was completely unexpected by theory. StuRat (talk) What force(s) would be causing such acceleration? ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ ::Bugs, see accelerating universe. Staecker (talk) :Thank you StuRat. I’m sorry for my next question, but I want to better understand you. Does the formulas of ideal cases in mathematics, physics and chemistry are been always right? ::In general in mathematics formulae are always exactly right, even when something is an approximation it is a correct approximation otherwise there is an error in the mathematics. In general in physics and chemistry everything is wrong because there is always something left out or the theory isn't absolutely certainly true of the real world. This is a problem of ontology and the difference between existence and truth in mathematics as opposed to physics or chemistry. Dmcq (talk) :::Is mathematical scientific doctrine is not absolute in the sciences, that is, what the mathematical scientific doctrine does not provide the identity of theory and practice in the sciences, including the practice of scientific research? ::::I think there are several different aspects here. But at the heart there is a serious philosophical debate. See The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences. :::::Thanks. Does the scientific knowledge of the world in mathematics is always absolute or not absolute? Does the mathematical of the cybernetics is been always right? ::::::Have you read and tried to understand the article pointed to by Stephen Schultz in the twenty minutes between him writing his reply and your response? Why do you expect anyone to be able to give you any better response than is already given? Dmcq (talk) :::::::What practical and theoretical mathematics always had ambiguity? The mathematics always is been a much exact science! :::::::I think, Norbert Wiener always supposed that practical decisions in mathematics always had higher values than the theoretical decisions, as practical decisions in mathematics always explained something that is not able to explain the theoretical mathematics. The idealism concerned in the question is the conviction that scientific method must build objectively stated unambiguous theories that have reliable predictive power; it is satisfactory demonstration of predictions that distinguishes theories from hypotheses. The scenario for fulfilment of a prediction is the ideal case. In chemistry, formulae for reactions must assume that the ingredients are pure and in analytical concentrations; in physics, calculation of a two-body planetary orbit (Kepler) must assume that every other object in the Universe has zero gravity; in mathematics nothing exists unless it is designated and nothing designated may vary unless it is declared to vary in a more (Algebraic number) or less (Transcendental number) restricted way. Use of ideal cases is relevant for exposition and understanding of scientific theory is necessary to show the scope of applicability of a principle, accepting the "paradox" that the ideal cases are generally unachievable leads to amiable parody such as "Consider a Spherical cow in a vacuum...". Idealized cases do not however relieve the intellectual from studying or the investigator from investigating more demanding real-world complexities, because hanging on to Naïve physics offers only the intellectual stagnation of Pope Urban VII confronting Galileo. The square root of -1 is formally an imaginary mathematical unit and far from being a "wrong answer" it is fundamental to Complex number calculations which have had serious practical applications since the 17th century (Tartaglia). "Absolute truth" is a commodity of belief systems that is inaccessible to scientific analysis, is a theme in philosophy that is accessible to scientists though not to science, is not yet claimed by responsible chemists or physicists, and is only ever delineated provisionally by mathematicians. 84.209.89.214 (talk) Is identity in mathematics always been absolute? If A always is not been equal to B, is B always not been equal to A, or thats is not been right? I think, it always is been a much exact, it is been mathematics. Time does not enter into math unless it is deliberately introduced as a variable (often as t seconds). A and B do not exist in a mathematical proof until they are designated (invoked); expressions like A=B become absolutely true from the moment they are stated; an operation A+B can give a result C which is similarly true from the moment it is stated because the operator "+" has been defined earlier. Values that the mathematician assigns persist only as long as needed to complete a calculation; one may turn the page of a math textbook and then find A, B and C used differently. A few constants such as pi have unchangeable values. There is a particular meaning of Absolute value which is the distance from zero of a value but I assume you don't ask about that. 84.209.89.214 (talk) :I'm trying to prove that mathematics consists of identities and not of mathematical hypotheses have (had) no practical mathematical solution, I believe that all of mathematics is presented mathematical identities always have mathematical solutions, so I am a supporter of absolute mathematical identity as the absolute accuracy of mathematics. ::Sadly, you need to read Gödel's incompleteness theorems...and if you have the time and patience, Gödel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter. Mathematics is (for sure) always going to be incomplete. There are mathematical statements out there that can never (even in principle) be either proved or disproved. SteveBaker (talk) ::::Umm, let's be a little careful here. The theorems say that no fixed formal theory, with appropriate technical stipulations, can answer all mathematical questions. They don't say that there's any particular statement that can never be proved or disproved by any theory. :::I think that, a practical method of mathematical decision of a mathematical problem always had generates a theory of mathematics! Does it make sense to use in scientific knowledge the mathematical theories (hypotheses) which had no practical solutions? == Exterminating virtual particles == I understand that virtual particles are very common in modern physics, but... my mind rebels against them. I mean, consider the Casimir effect. The plates are drawn together by the lack of virtual particles with certain frequencies that can't exist due to the conductive plates around them. It seems simple enough, except... suppose the plates weren't conductive, or were only mostly conductive. Then I'm supposed to believe that the vacuum is a sea full of an infinite variety of virtual particles, and out of all that mind-boggling density of imaginary stuff, the ones that measure the plates' conductivity are the ones that don't exist, even as "virtual" particles. Do I have that right? Whereas (as the article says) simply looking at the effect as a Van der Waals force, based on (I assume) the very clear uncertainty of the position and momentum of the real electrons in the metal plates, seems incredibly more straightforward. Anyway, has a reputable authority tried to lay out a physics in which each and every proposed virtual particle has been exterminated from consideration, whether for mediating the Coulomb force or Hawking radiation or any of the dozen other things mentioned in virtual particle, relying only on honest-to-God particles? Wnt (talk) This question is near the line between physics and metaphysics - Horror vacui (physics), The World (Descartes) (as we don't have an article specifically on the Cartesian Plenum), Vacuum energy and Dirac Sea might be useful further reading. The experimental observation for which we need to save the appearances is that particles interact with each other in a vacuum (a real vacuum that one can produce with a vacuum pump). The alternatives to virtual particles are the acceptance of action at a distance without any physical mediation, or the view that the vacuum isn't empty, but contains (an infinite amount) of a substance through which particles interact. All three have their metaphysical disadvantages, and all three give us theories that explain the real world. Tevildo (talk) It is clear that virtual particles provide a useful framework for calculating a variety of very real phenomena. However, it is not necessarily the case that they really exist as such. Allow me to draw a very crude analogy. Suppose a small boat is sitting on a pond, and somewhere else on the pond you drop in a stone. This generates ripples on the pond that cause the boat to move. Now suppose you couldn't see the water ripple, instead all you could see was the passing stone and the bobbing boat. You might imagine that the stone was sending out invisible particles that were hitting the boat. In a way, virtual particles are a bit like that. Virtual particle interactions can also be interpreted as fluctuations in a hidden higher-dimensional structure of spacetime, sort of like ripples on a pond, but in a space that incorporates the fundamental forces and standard model particles as an extension of the properties of space itself. Essentially, one can consider virtual particles as a sort of accounting gimmick that allows us to describe the complex ways that the various forces perturb the universe. Whether you actually imagine that we live in a complex sea of virtual particles rippling in and out of existence, or rather choose to imagine that we live in a complex and dynamic higher dimensional spacetime is essentially a matter of interpretation. Like the various interpretation of quantum mechanics the different points of view are more about philosophical interpretation than useful prediction. Dragons flight (talk) I suppose there are other cases of this; for example, the "holes" in semiconductors are like this. But if you have a semiconductor with one random atom missing, and you look at the localization of a "hole" that is adjacent to it, I assume it doesn't actually look like an anti-electron, because I'd expect the probability pattern of the hole to reach up and around the physical hole in the structure whereas the electron would have no interest in embracing it. I wonder if virtual particles can lead us astray the same way. For example, in the infamous black hole information paradox, we uncritically accept that "virtual particles" are bringing information from nowhere out of the hole. Only... what if this is more virtual particle BS? What if really the paradox can be explained by simply discovering that we're looking at the uncertainty of the position and momentum of the particles that were falling in before they hit the horizon, which allows for a chance they really never did? Or the odds that they did go in the singularity, but tunneled out again. Or ... something. I'm not a physicist and I'm not trying to propound a theory here, just feel like what I'm being fed tastes off. Wnt (talk) :The paradox - again, we're really still in metaphysics, although this issue is potentially amenable to experimental resolution - depends on the principle of quantum determinism, that Laplace's demon can put any system back together again, even if it falls into a black hole. This may not be true in the first place (which is a question of pure metaphysics), but, even if it is, the mechanism by which the wavefunctions of the black hole's source particles are recovered doesn't have to involve virtual particles. Without knowing what goes on at the singularity, we can't say definitely that the wavefunctions are "destroyed" and have to be "recreated". They could persist through the accretion and evaporation process, as you suggest. Until the physicists come up with a testable theory, all we can do is check the maths is correct and doesn't contradict observation. Tevildo (talk) :The original Hawking radiation paper derived the result nonperturbatively (without virtual particles). He only mentioned virtual particles as a handwavy informal picture of what's going on. It can certainly happen that no one knows any way to get a handle on a difficult problem except by some approximation method, and the result can have features that look like real physics but are actually artifacts of the approximation method. If the approximation involves virtual particles then you would be misled by virtual particles, in a sense. But those sorts of problems are unavoidable when you're doing original research. Professional particle physicists understand that the nonperturbative physics is what matters; I don't think they overvalue virtual particles the way pop-physics books do. :: Hmmmm, to me it sounds as if Hawking was indeed saying something vaguely similar to what I was suggesting all along, from the first paper in 1975, the only difference being that his version was mathematical, meaningful and coherent. :) What I wonder, though, is if the "tunneling" going on in any way would imply that when matter is eaten, matter would outweigh antimatter in the radiation, i.e. that the notion of taking a mini black hole and stuffing it with a matter beam to convert it into energy might be too good to be true. Wnt (talk) :::I'm not sure what you're saying, but there's no "tunneling". The Hawking radiation comes from outside the horizon. == Elevation and temperature == At what elevations do temperatures start to change significantly? 500m? 1000m? Etc — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.192.117.124 (talk) See Tropopause, Atmosphere of Earth, and (perhaps) Atmospheric temperature (although that last article isn't very good). 500 m and 1000 m are still comfortably within the troposphere - the tropopause (where temperature _stops_ changing significantly) is at about 10000 m. Tevildo (talk) To answer your question literally, temperatures _start_ changing significantly at zero elevation. The temperature at the top of a medium-sized building (50 m / 150 ft) will be about 0.5 C lower than at ground level, which will be noticeable to most people. See lapse rate. Tevildo (talk) You said elevation (i.e. height above sea level) and not altitude (i.e. height above local ground level). Assuming you really want to know about elevation related changes, then the surface elevation lapse rate is about 3 degrees C per km of elevation change in environments with slowly changing elevations. This is significantly less extreme than the about 6.5 degree C / km atmospheric lapse rate that one experiences from simply going up in altitude. The difference is related to the role of solar heating in setting the conditions at the ground surface. Dragons flight (talk) A minor correction - altitude is also the height above sea level, which (unlike elevation) may be different from the height above ground level. Height above ground level is just "height" (or QFE). Tevildo (talk) :In my area of climate science, "altitude" is nearly always a synonym for "height above ground level" also known as the "absolute altitude". As far as I know, it is only people in aviation that insist in using "altitude" to generally mean height above sea level. Dragons flight (talk) ::By way of evidence that "altitude" can be used to mean "elevation", I submit this. It'd be in England. :::I'd just submit altitude. --jpgordon::==( o )

Reference desk/Archives/Science/2014 August 30

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