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43,736,707 | This is the talk page for discussing improvements to The Wikipedia Adventure Earth article
==Reliable sources about Earth?==
"15 Things I Love about Mother Nature". Starmother, Jasmine Michelle. Jas Planet Loving Earthblog. May, 2002. http.jasminesearthblog.blogblogblog.com/15_things_I Love. Retrieved .
"Planet Earth in the Balance of History". Gnawledge, O'penn . Science and Nature Journal. . March 21, 2010. * http.sanj.com/Earthinthebalance. Retrieved .
"Earth is a Planet". Duzit, E.Z., MiddleSchool Books. April 2004, London. Retrieved .
Hope that helps!
Science and Nature Journal looks like a solid and relevant source with a good reputation. I think we can rely on it more than the others for this article. Nice research! Efpeterson (talk)
==Summary from the Source==
I went and summarized the source in my own words:
Science shows that the Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The organisms that live on Earth have completely changed its air (atmosphere); this is called a biosphere. 71% of Earth's surface is covered in salt water oceans. Earth is the only place in the Solar System where liquid water is known to exist at present. The other 29% is made of rocky land in the shape of continents and islands.
Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits or goes around the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a day and one orbit around the Sun is called a year. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day is added once every 4 years.
It'd be great if someone could add that for me, I have a rocket to catch! Bye for now ;)
== What are you doing?? ==
The info you added does. not. reference. a. source. That's bad, bad, bad! Does anyone know even where this freakin' came from????
You're pretty quick there Taggy. I'm glad people like you are looking out for readers. I'll add a source in just a moment. I'm looking for instructions on how to do it.
Hey. I'm sorry if I was a bit rude. I had a rough day and I came to Wikipedia for some peace and quiet— when I see something wrong I just can't wait to fix it! I care about this project that much. I'll try and be friendlier next time. I know how important it is to be civil, and I'm working on it. I hope you stay around. This link might help you out: Introduction to referencing
::I'm so pleased with you both. Now, carry on, we have an encyclopedia to write ;)
==Imagine images!==
I checked Commons and I really like these images. Could someone please add them to the article?
File:The Blue Marble.jpg
File:Bachalpseeflowers.jpg
File:Sunset in El Porto, California (8074300769).jpg
File:Polarlicht 2.jpg
File:Red eyed tree frog edit2.jpg
File:Schoolgirls in Bamozai.JPG
Thanks zillions !! --GaiaGirl86 (talk) | 624,108,395 | 2014-09-04T03:51:07 | Efpeterson/TWA/Earth | 2,014 |
21,290,734 | The 1947 Detroit Lions season was their 18th in the league. The team improved on their previous season's output of 1–10, winning three games. They failed to qualify for the playoffs for the 12th consecutive season.
==Schedule==
==Standings==
==References==
Detroit Lions seasons
Detroit Lions | 587,808,313 | 2013-12-26T21:51:02 | 1947 Detroit Lions season | 2,014 |
43,736,708 | == September 2014 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Sunsilk has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
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43,736,709 | == September 2014 ==
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to add defamatory content, as you did at Talk radio, you may be blocked from editing. Don't joke about that topic. Its not funny. Spirit of Eagle (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 624,106,064 | 2014-09-04T03:22:51 | 67.169.18.162 | 2,014 |
19,270,774 | Mal Williams was an Australian rules footballer who played with University in the Victorian Football League. Abandoning his football career to take up a position as a surgeon at Bendigo Base Hospital, he enlisted during World War I. He was killed while tending to wounded soldiers in 1917.
==See also==
List of Victorian Football League players who died in active service
==Footnotes==
==Sources==
Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
1886 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
University Football Club players
1917 deaths
Australian military personnel killed in World War I | 634,057,056 | 2014-11-16T09:31:27 | Mal Williams | 2,014 |
21,290,741 | Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Kuru talk | 266,890,594 | 2009-01-28T03:06:27 | HighAndLow | 2,014 |
43,736,710 | == September 2014 ==
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===Welcome!===
Hi Jjtaufikur23! Great to see that you've gotten started on Wikipedia! Please create a user page (this is your own space so you can make it as simple, i.e. just writing "This is my user page." or as fancy as you would like to. Just click on your username (anything that does not have a page created yet is in red) and start it. Once you have a user page, it makes it easier for other people to leave messages for you on your talk page. This will help when working with the other members of your team. More on creating a user page here. Any questions, just ask. And if you are curious about your edit that got reverted (changed back to how it was before) let me know and I can explain more. --Mozucat (talk) | 624,193,264 | 2014-09-04T19:01:11 | Jjtaufikur23 | 2,014 |
21,290,744 | == January 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Photography has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Razorflame | 266,890,647 | 2009-01-28T03:06:42 | 174.39.189.141 | 2,014 |
43,736,712 | ==Merge discussion==
This article doesn't seem to make a lot of sense. Prishata is said to have been born in 2519 BCE and to have reigned from 2599BCE to 2488BCE (i.e. he began his reign before he was born?). Other than that we have an article that uses a lot of words to say basically "Prishata was the father of Drupada." Not much else there. I think the article just be reduced to a redirect to Drupada. Thoughts? WikiDan61ChatMe!ReadMe!!
Unless the article can be written in a more encyclopedic way and referenced, then I think you're right. Prishata may be deserving of a separate article but only if references can be found to justify that. - Lawsonstu (talk)
In the absence of any dissent (even from the article author, despite my invitation), I'll go ahead with the proposed merge. WikiDan61ChatMe!ReadMe!! | 625,972,693 | 2014-09-17T17:24:42 | Prishata | 2,014 |
21,290,745 | == January 2009 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Fayetteville-Manlius High School, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Fayetteville-Manlius High School was changed by 128.153.199.37 (u) (t) making a minor change with obscenities on 2009-01-28T03:06:45+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk)
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43,736,713 | Chem 4150 student
==About Me==
we are having a football game tomorrow | 624,193,288 | 2014-09-04T19:01:22 | Rdusan1 | 2,014 |
43,736,714 | 624,106,508 | 2014-09-04T03:28:56 | WarringtonBoroughCouncil.svg | 2,014 |
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43,736,715 | == September 2014 ==
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19,270,782 | == Speedy deletion of "Club Penguin Music Video (CPMV)" ==
A page you created, Club Penguin Music Video (CPMV), has been tagged for deletion, as it meets one or more of the criteria for speedy deletion; specifically, it is about a real person, group of people, band, club, company, organisation, or web content, but does not indicate why its subject is important or significant.
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43,736,717 | Being bold is important on Wikipedia.
Bold
Being bold is important on Wikipedia. | 624,106,491 | 2014-09-04T03:28:41 | RunIowa/be bold | 2,014 |
43,736,720 | == September 2014 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for reverting your recent experiment with the page Geography (Ptolemy). Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox instead, as someone could see your test before you revert it. Thank you. Chris Troutman (talk)
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21,290,747 | Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been reverted. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Resolute | 266,890,707 | 2009-01-28T03:07:02 | 99.6.84.29 | 2,014 |
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Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Media has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, please ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Razorflame
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43,736,725 | ===== 2014-09-04 (Suspected copyright violations) =====
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* Article cleaned by investigator or others. No remaining infringement. --Moonriddengirl (talk) | 625,801,058 | 2014-09-16T11:47:19 | Suspected copyright violations/2014-09-04 | 2,014 |
43,736,727 | == Welcome! ==
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43,736,728 | == September 2014 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Milton High School (Florida) has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
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19,270,785 | == September 2008 ==
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21,290,754 | This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. HkCaGu (talk)
in accordance with Wikipedia's blocking policy for . You are welcome to make useful contributions after the block expires. If you believe this block is unjustified you may contest this block by adding the text below. --PMDrive1061 (talk) | 364,274,993 | 2010-05-26T10:26:40 | 122.54.243.203 | 2,014 |
43,736,729 | Sexuality portal | 624,506,481 | 2014-09-07T06:22:14 | Human sexuality/Selected article/31 | 2,014 |
4,251,360 | Michala Elizabeth Laurinda Banas (; born 14 November 1978) is a New Zealand television actress, and singer now living in Australia.
==Life and career==
Born in Wellington, New Zealand, she starred in her first commercial at only 18 months of age.
Her debut film performance was when she was 5 years old, in the New Zealand film Dangerous Orphans. Her Australian debut television performance was as Louisa in the miniseries Mirror, Mirror in 1995.
From 2001, Banas played Marissa Taylor in Always Greener and in 2002, she had a small role in the film adaptation Scooby-Doo.
Banas is an accomplished singer, and in 2003 released a single, "Kissin' The Wind", which made the top 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association singles chart.
In 2004, Banas joined the cast of McLeod's Daughters as the character Kate Manfredi, the best friend of Jodi Fountain McLeod. She played Kate from episodes 88 to 170, when she took a short break to later return in episode 177. It was announced in 2007 that she would leave McLeod's Daughters in its final season. Banas' last episode was aired in early December 2008.
From 11 November 2008, Banas appeared in the role of Libby Kennedy on the Australian soap opera Neighbours for a five-week period after Kym Valentine was forced to take a temporary break due to illness.
In 2009, Banas filled in for Fox FM's Jo Stanley on The Matt and Jo Show while Stanley was on maternity leave. That same year saw her star in the national tour of the Broadway musical, Avenue Q, playing the roles of "Kate Monster" and "Lucy the Slut". Banas is currently one of three celebrity faces for Proactiv Solution in Australia and New Zealand.
Banas has a guest role as Tiffany Turner on the drama series Winners & Losers, and a supporting role on ABC3 teen drama Nowhere Boys as Phoebe. In 2013, Banas starred in the ABC comedy series Upper Middle Bogan as Amber Wheeler. The series was renewed for a second season which premiered the following year.
== Filmography ==
==References==
==External links==
The Michala Banas Website
1978 births
Living people
Helpmann Award winners
People from Wellington City
New Zealand television actresses
New Zealand female singers
New Zealand emigrants to Australia | 639,520,630 | 2014-12-24T22:28:51 | Michala Banas | 2,014 |
21,290,755 | 625,798,212 | 2014-09-16T11:21:42 | Venkatraman | 2,014 |
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19,270,788 | Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did to Fern Britton. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Musashi1600 (talk) | 237,675,115 | 2008-09-11T09:15:02 | 92.0.241.77 | 2,014 |
43,736,731 | == September 2014 ==
Hello, I'm Gobonobo. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Score (game) because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! gobonobo + c
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 624,106,456 | 2014-09-04T03:28:10 | 203.189.149.230 | 2,014 |
43,736,734 | Sexuality portal | 624,506,035 | 2014-09-07T06:16:20 | Human sexuality/Selected article/32 | 2,014 |
43,736,735 | == Welcome to Wikipedia! ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions, such as the one you made to Temple University. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages you might like to see:
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19,270,794 | Magna Corporation was a publicly held company in Flowood, Mississippi, U.S.A. that served as a holding company. Its primary divisions were Mississippi Steel and Magna American. Mississippi Steel was Mississippi's first steel manufacturer beginning operations in 1957. Magna American built garden tillers and other items, as well as manufacturing the Amphicat in Raymond, Mississippi.
In 1984 the company's President, Wesley A. Caldwell, Jr., resigned.
In 1985, the steel division was sold to Birmingham Steel Corporation for approximately 28 million dollars. Magna's controlling stockholders, the Caldwell family of Jackson, Mississippi, took the company private by distributing half the sale proceeds to the stockholders. The Magna American plant was mothballed, then donated to Hinds Community College in 1992.
In 1985, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission sued former company president Wesley A. Caldwell, Jr., of Brandon, Mississippi, claiming that he had received benefits from the company "without review and approval" and violated the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
==References==
Companies based in Mississippi | 539,394,636 | 2013-02-21T10:34:00 | Magna Corporation | 2,014 |
4,251,367 | For other uses, see Tour bus service.
Tour Bus (תור בוס) is an Israeli transportation company and a major shareholder in several Israeli bus companies, such as Metropoline and Metrodan Beersheba.
Under the brand Tour Bus, the company provides buses to transport passengers to and from flights in the Ben Gurion International Airport.
==External links==
Official website
Bus companies of Israel | 615,419,471 | 2014-07-03T11:57:06 | Tour Bus | 2,014 |
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== September 2014 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, your addition of one or more external links to the page T'ang Quartet has been reverted.Your edit here to T'ang Quartet was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove links which are discouraged per our external links guideline. The external link(s) you added or changed (https://www.facebook.com/tangquartet) is/are on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia.If you were trying to insert an external link that does comply with our policies and guidelines, then please accept my creator's apologies and feel free to undo the bot's revert. However, if the link does not comply with our policies and guidelines, but your edit included other, constructive, changes to the article, feel free to make those changes again without re-adding the link. Please read Wikipedia's external links guideline for more information, and consult my list of frequently-reverted sites. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! --XLinkBot (talk) | 624,106,544 | 2014-09-04T03:29:18 | 19sixtyfive | 2,014 |
19,270,796 | Condom
People from Gers | 639,310,124 | 2014-12-23T09:14:05 | Bishops of Condom | 2,014 |
4,251,370 | This category is for players on the Adirondack Red Wings of the American Hockey League.
Defunct American Hockey League teams
Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Defunct sports teams in New York | 606,001,656 | 2014-04-27T08:03:23 | Adirondack Red Wings | 2,014 |
19,270,799 | == September 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits did not appear to be constructive and has been removed. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and read the welcome page to learn more about contributing constructively to this encyclopedia. Old Moonraker (talk)
If this is a shared IP address, and you didn't make the edit, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices. | 237,675,394 | 2008-09-11T09:17:43 | 124.180.196.50 | 2,014 |
43,736,737 | A home screen or start screen is the main screen on a mobile operating system or computer program. Home screens are not identical because users rearrange icons as they please, and home screens often differ across mobile operating systems. Almost every smartphone has some form of home screen, which typically displays links to applications, settings, and notifications.
==Common Features==
Home screens usually consist of a grid of application links or shortcuts that can often be arranged over multiple pages, and serve as the user's main method of accessing phone functions. Home screens also tend to include a dock along an edge of the screen, where application links can be stored and accessed from any page on the home screen. Most operating systems allow users to add folders to the home screen in order to further organize application links. Some home screens may also include a pane where push notifications are displayed or select system settings can be accessed.
In addition to applications links, many home screens are also capable of displaying ambient information, such as live tiles on Windows Phone or widgets on Android. Such tiles or widgets may link to applications, however they differ from traditional links in that they show current, dynamic information instead of a static icon. However, the increased relevance of the information can come at the cost of device battery life, bandwidth, and the ease of recognition afforded by static application icons.
==Alternative Home Screens==
Although most home screens have a similar structure, not all are designed in common. Two notable examples of less-common home screens paradigms include Siri and WebOS. The former is Apple's natural language user interface, which performs functions similar to more traditional home screens such as opening applications, displaying relevant data, and managing phone settings. The latter is notable for it's use of entirely dynamic application icons that mimic the current state of the application, similar to on other mobile operating systems.
Although most mobile operating systems include a default home screen, some devices also allow the user to replace the native home screen with a different application or third-party home screen, allowing for additional home screen paradigms.
==History==
One of the first examples of a home screen can be found on the PalmPilot, which debuted in 1997. Early home screens were often less customizable than current iterations. For example, early versions of iOS did not allow users to rearrange applications on the home screen or change the background image.
Because home screens often serve as the main method for interacting with mobile operating systems, they tend to change slowly, if at all, across updates to the operating system.
== See also ==
Mobile operating system
Smartphone
Home Page
==References==
Mobile operating systems | 637,563,554 | 2014-12-11T02:08:11 | Terapede/sandbox | 2,014 |
43,736,739 | == Clash Of Clans ==
Clash of Clans (COC)is an online game create by supercell.Clash of clans is an attack game.You can attack other player village when their not online.You can steal money,exlir,black oil(after lever 7 town hall).You can rebuilt your castle clan for join clans,if you not can join us clans is:火龙。Play happily!!!!! | 624,384,593 | 2014-09-06T07:02:05 | Henry eii | 2,014 |
43,736,740 | == September 2014 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Hypothesis has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
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The following is the log entry regarding this message: Hypothesis was changed by 98.155.18.147 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.977453 on 2014-09-04T03:30:07+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk) | 624,106,599 | 2014-09-04T03:30:09 | 98.155.18.147 | 2,014 |
19,270,804 | Strasbourg
People from Strasbourg
Strasbourg | 639,310,139 | 2014-12-23T09:14:15 | Bishops of Strasbourg | 2,014 |
43,736,741 | Armed conflicts and attacks
War in Donbass:
Somali Civil War:
Disasters and accidents
A privately owned Socata TBM-900 (flight number N900KN) from the US flies without a conscious pilot for a thousand miles after a suspected cabin depressurization (see also) and crashes 14 miles off the coast of northeastern Jamaica. (Reuters)
International relations
Iranian air traffic control requires a plane chartered by US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan to land over issues with the flight plan. (The New York Times) The flight later resumes without further incident. (Reuters)
Politics and elections
Outgoing Slovenian prime minister Alenka Bratušek is formally nominated by Jean-Claude Juncker as the country's EU commissioner despite resistance from the prime minister-designate Miro Cerar, and according to several European media she is slated to become a Vice-President of the Commission. (Slovenia Times)
|} | 624,637,466 | 2014-09-08T07:07:36 | Current events/2014 September 5 | 2,014 |
19,270,806 | 1905 establishments
1905 | 571,151,659 | 2013-09-02T00:14:38 | Hospitals established in 1905 | 2,014 |
43,736,742 | ==Welcome==
Hi ! Welcome to our fantastic collaborative project, where editors build articles based upon reliable sources and help each other to make those articles full of great, neutral information.
I thought it might be helpful for your trip to have a place where you can ask questions along the way. There's a special place called the Teahouse, where you can ask any question you have about editing and get friendly help from trusted hosts. We'd like to have you as a guest. Drop by for a cup of tea anytime!
Teahouse
Great to have you on board! --WillKomen (talk) | 624,106,646 | 2014-09-04T03:30:45 | Ve-hunter-511/TWA | 2,014 |
43,736,743 | ==Summary==
==Licensing== | 624,106,671 | 2014-09-04T03:31:05 | Chaka (film).png | 2,014 |
4,251,372 | The Sierra Youth Coalition (SYC) (Coalition jeunesse Sierra) is a national Canadian organization run by youth for youth, founded in 1996, and serving as the youth arm of the Sierra Club of Canada Foundation. Its stated mission is "to empower Canadians ages 14-26 to become active community leaders who contribute to making Canada a sustainable society." SYC was founded in 1996 by Amelia Clarke. Its members range in age from 15 to 30 years old.
== Programs ==
SYC has various projects (Sustainable Campuses, Community Youth Action Gatherings, Sustainable High Schools, Education Fund) and campaigns (To the Tar Sands, Deconstructing Dinner Caravan). A history of campaigns and other initiatives is available on their website.
The Sustainable Campuses Project operates on over 70 Canadian post-secondary campuses. This project uses a 170 Indicator assessment of sustainability, called the Campus Sustainability Assessment Framework. This tool was developed by Lindsay Cole as a Master's Thesis at Royal Roads University. The project also conducts greenhouse gas emissions inventories and functions via student leadership. Sustainable Campuses currently has a certification program for post secondary campuses in Quebec.
Youth Action Gatherings are annual summer activist training camps that engage youth aged 14 to 19 in various cities across Canada.
The Sustainable High Schools Project is a program adapted from the Sustainable Campuses Project, training students to improve their school's sustainability. This program is currently active in the Ottawa region and in various locations in British Columbia.
A component of the High Schools program is the High School Climate Challenge (HSCC) The SYC and Clean Air Champions (CAC) are partners in the High School Climate Challenge (HSCC). HSCC trains youth to lead in-school greenhouse gas emissions audits using an online calculator, and develop strategies and actions to reduce the ecological impact of the school institutions and activities. HSCC launched a pilot program in fall 2008 in Toronto and Ottawa.
SYC has a history of engaging in issue-based campaigns (Keep Kyoto, Save Hockey: Fight Climate Change, It's My Future, Climate Change Caravan).
== Recognition ==
In 2005, Sierra Youth Coalition received an award for the best environmental educator at the regional level from the North American Association for Environmental Education.
In 2007, the Ontario Trillium Foundation honoured SYC with its Great Grants Award for the environment sector, in celebration of the foundation's 25 years of philanthropy.
In 2008, Jack Layton, the leader of the New Democratic Party dedicated the passing of Bill C-377 to the Sierra Youth Coalition for the efforts SYC put into its passing. An election was called and C-377 was lost before it was enshrined into law.
== See also ==
Environmental groups and resources serving K–12 schools
Environmental movement
==References==
==External links==
web-site
Environmental organizations based in Canada
Sierra Club
Youth empowerment organizations | 626,049,560 | 2014-09-18T06:44:52 | Sierra Youth Coalition | 2,014 |
349,443 | The following is a list of former programs broadcast by ERT (Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi) television stations. ERT was the former Greek television network before the launch of ANT1 & Mega Channel in 1989 as well as ET2.
==Children's==
Andy Pandy
Cartoons (dubbed in Greek) (1991–1993)
The Intrepids
CatDog (dubbed in Greek) broadcast in 2002
Cebollitas (dubbed in Greek) – Latin American (2002)
Code Lyoko (dubbed in Greek) – French
Hallo Spencer (1997) (dubbed in Greek with German subtitles)
In The Night Garden
Lucky Luke (dubbed in Greek)
Pablo the Little Red Fox
Punky Brewster (1994)
The Raccoons (Greek dubbed version, 1993–1994; subtitled version, 1997)
Sesame Street (dubbed in Greek) (1993–1997)
Teletubbies
Tweenies
Under the Umbrella Tree (dubbed in Greek) (1994)
Animals Antics
Ouranio Toxo- Program aimed at pre-schoolers aged 4–6, to prepare them for school. Teaches them about the alphabet, numbers, drawing, colours, weather and much more. Hosted by Christos Dimopoulos, airs Monday- Friday at 9 am.
Alvin and the Chipmunks (dubbed in Greek) (1994)
The Number Crew- Educational program designed to help teach kids aged 5–7 math
Big World For Little People- Educational program for children that deals with human interaction, natural science and mathematics.
Maggie and the Ferocious Beast
Μathimatika Αsteria- Children's program designed to teach mathematics in a fun way
===Disney Zone – Disney Channel Hours===
101 Dalmatians (TV series)
Aladdin (TV series) -
American Dragon
Brandy and Mr. Whiskers
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers -
Classic Cartoons
Darkwing Duck
Donald Duck Presents -
Doug
The Emperor's New School -
Good Luck Charlie
Good Morning, Mickey! -
Goof Troop -
Hannah Montana -
Hercules (1998 TV series) -
House of Mouse -
Jojo's Circus
JONAS -
Kim Possible
The Series
The Little Mermaid (TV series)
PB&J Otter
Pepper Ann -
Phineas and Ferb -
The Proud Family -
Quack Pack
Recess -
The Replacements -
Shake It Up
Sonny With A Chance -
The Suite Life of Zack & Cody -
The Suite Life on Deck -
TaleSpin -
Tarzan (TV series)
Teamo Supremo
Timon & Pumbaa (TV series)
Weekenders
Wizards of Waverly Place -
Playhouse Disney
Disney Channel Original Movies -
Walt Disney Pictures
==Culture==
Apopse Me Ton Terrence Quick- Intimate discussion with individuals from various facets of society including the arts, educators, politicians, economists and athletes. They discuss various topics, not related to their profession, such as current events. Hosted by Terrence Quick.
Biblia Sto Kouti- A program about books, who's aim is to guide the viewer by exploring and evaluating authors and their works through a neutral viewpoint.
Ellinika Monoprakta – Theatre performances produced for broadcast on television, featuring the works of some of the most well-known and important Greek writers. Shows feature performances by veteran and new stage actors.
Fotosfaira- Docuemtary series that gives the viewer a look at rural life in Greece. The series focuses on the people, the geography and cultural of the towns and villages in Greece.
Η Εpoxi Ton Eikonon- Program dedicated to discussion and analysis of the Fine Arts, now in its 6th year, hosted by Katerina Zaxaropoulou
Hotel Triton- Classic arts showcase (music, theatre) airs weekly
Μegales Parastaseis- Arts program, dedicated to showcasing some of the best composers and choreographers who have left their mark in the field where they served.
Nistiko Arkoudi – Cooking show where the host is not a chef and knows little about cooking (or at least that is what he wants people to believe). Includes visits to various restaurants in Northern Greece where viewers see various dishes prepared and the host attempting to learn how to make them and also sample some food as well. In addition when a dish is prepared, an explanation of the history of the dish is given as well as dietary information about it. Emphasis is on simple dishes that are healthy and easy to prepare so that people watching can learn how to make them as well. A guest is featured in each show, who accompanies the host around and also helps out with the cooking if they know how. Originally hosted by Stathis Pangiotopoulos & Dimitri Starovas, then later by Dimitris Starovas and Maria Arabazti. ,
Οudeis Anamartitos- Talkshow with an emphasis on culture and the lives of the people from it. In depth interviews with unique and well known individuals from the arts, theatre, music, film, politics and science. Now in its third year, hosted by Anna Panagiotarea.
Paraskinio- Series that focuses on culture and social reflection. A look at various people, their work and their lives and their impact on society. Paraskinio has been a staple on Greece's public broadcaster for 32 years.
Rimeik- Historical series that looks back on how life in Contemporary Greece has changed over the past 30 years.
Synanthseis- Popular journalist, lyricist and writer Leuteris Papadopoulos entertains various guests from Singers, writers and composers who have made an impact in the world of Music.
Μegales Parastaseis- Arts program, dedicated to showcasing some of the best composers and choreographers who have left their mark in the field where they served. Hosted by Alexis Kostalas
Ζoom Sta Prosopa Kai Ta Gegonota- Informative discussion that focuses on the people and events that caught our attention in the week that past.
Οi Μousikoi Tou Kosmou- Documentary-style program that travels the globe and provides a look into the happenings from the world of music.
Axion Esti- A staple on Greek Television for 12 years, this program focuses on writers and their works. The new season also includes visits to small towns in the country where host Vasilis Vasilikos meets up with local writers and talks with them about their works and their lives. In addition to writers, guests also include painters, sculptors and editors. Airs Mondays at 9:30 pm
Αlithina Senaria- Informative series that takes the viewer around the world to meet people who excel in their respective jobs. From a businessman on Wall Street to a shepard in Pindos, from an acclaimed journalist to a hermit in Pilios, fascinating people with a story to tell. This program is now in its 5th year and has been the most watched show on ET-3 since its inception. Hosted by Nikos Aslanidis, airs Thursdays at 10 pm.
Εkti Aisthsi- Informative program that focuses on those with disabilities and their way of life. Hosted by Giorgos Beliris, who himself suffers from a disability (he's deaf) attempts to give the viewer a glimpse into the life of someone with a disability. He informs viewers about the problems that those with disabilities face, their concerns and ambitions to lead a normal life. The show also provides information about legislation, accessibility of public buildings and other issues of interest to those with a disability.
Glossa Mou Dinoun Elliniki- Documentary series from the EU program Equal Dream, that is designed to help stop racism and xenophobia. In this program, a look at 4 children who come from mix backgrounds (1 parent Greek the other is not) and how they are dealing with this, growing up in Greece, how they get along with other children, etc.
Η Gynaika Stin Perifereia- New 8-part series that looks at the lives of women of various ages and professions who live in the country, outside of big cities. Examines their place in society on a personal, social and professional level, the problems they face and how that relates to their surroundings in a rural setting
The Joy of Painting – American documentary series about Art and painting
Κyriaki Sto Horio- A journey to different towns and villages across the country, giving viewers a glimpse at life in rural Greece, the traditions, music, culture, history and problems that the residents face. An informative and entertaining program that looks at how those outside the city live. Hosted by Μάρνη Χατζηεμμανουήλ.
Μitropoli Tou Kosmou- An examination of different cultures as told through various people from around the world who have chosen Greece as their home. The program examines conditions of life in a metropolitan city like Thessaloniki and culture mecca like Greece. Hosted by Theodora Augeri and Vasilis Kexagias
Μia Poli Ena Vlema – A look at life outside of the big cities, in the towns and villages, the people who live their and the problems they face.
On the Loose- Nature series filmed in the jungles of Namibia, Kenya and ZImbabwe.
Peri Gis O Logos- A travel program from the Ministry of Agriculture, where host Panagiotis Mauridis takes viewers on scenic trips to the Greek countryside.
Peristrefomenoi Dervisdes- Live Theatre Performances
Τo Syban Pou Agapisa- Series that examines life in our fast changing world, specifically the dramatic changes in our social structures as well as the link between the nature and our environment.
==Documentaries==
Al Filo De Lo Impossible- Spanish doucmentary series that takes viewers on a trip around the world through a look at various non-mainstream sports that focus on team spirit and adventure. An alternative look at the world around us through climbing, flying, explorations and expeditions.
Filakes Tou Dasous (Keepers of the forest)- Italian/French co-production, documentary about nature.
Εxantas- Documentary series that looks at issues of interest to open-minded and skeptical citizens from this modern 'globalized' world. Now in its 6th year on NET, features topics such as "the war in Iraq", "Beslan school shootings", "Chechnya", "Paris Riots" and more.
Animals of South Africa- 13 part documentary series on the wildlife found in Africa
Αsiatiki Fantasia- Documentary about Asian culture as told through visits to various festivals.
CEO Eexchange- American documentary series, behind the scenes look at the life of a CEO of a major corporation
Destinations- Documentary-style travel series that explores cities and countries around the world
Devil’s Island – The secret worlds of French Guyana- French documentary series
Extraordinary Trains- French documentary series about the world of Trains, the passengers, the panoramic views, the unique cultures of the lands visited
Famous Composers – Documentary series that looks at the lives of classic composers
Geo geo- Italian documentary series about nature and various spots around the globe
Indian Days- Journey To the Blackfoot Tribe- French documentary series about the Blackfoot Indians
Journey to the sacred places – Italian documentary series that examines various spots around the world focusing not only on religious aspects but also on culture, tourism and economic characteristics of each place.
Oi Ellines Tou Kosmou – A documentary series that focuses on the life of Greeks living abroad. It looks at the history of Greek immigration to other countries and is based on the testimonies of political and economic refugees. Directed by Panos Panagos.
Oikologia Kai Diatrofi – Documentary series about the environment and nutrition, informing viewers about ecological matters such as climate change, energy and alternative tourism. It gives viewers information and tips on leading a better life and presrving the planet for future generations. Hosted by Anastasia Kokkali.
Off the beaten track – French documentary series that visits various places where harsh climates exist, look at the residents who live there.
Rehearsal of the Apocalypse- Russian documentary on the nuclear disaster that occurred on a Soviet military base in 1954.
Roumania Kai Italia Ton Geuseon- Documentary from ERT 3 that looks at racism and xenophobia in the mass media through the eyes of a Romanian woman and an Italian man who live in Greece. The two tell of their struggles and experiences living in a foreign land.
Simon Schama's Power of Art – English documentary series, presenting eight famous artists.
Thalassa, O Υdatinos Kosmos- Documentary series about oceans
Thessalonikis Egkomion – 13-part series that looks at the cultural capital of Greece- Thessaloniki; The people, the history, music and theatre as well as the many neighbourhoods
Treasures of the sacred Art- Tuscan Journeys- Documentary series that focuses on Tuscany and its beautiful architecture, museums, churches and wonderful paintings and sculptures.
Τa Μarmara Pou Miloun – French documentary series that focuses on Archaeology
Τa Μystika Ton Vounon- Documentary about the secrets of nature and the environment in Italy.
Τo Κathimerino Mas Psomi- Documentary-style series (13 parts) about a household staple- Bread. A look at how its made and its many uses.
The Argonaut – documentary series that journeys to far off lands and takes viewers back in time
The Secrets of Winemaking- French documentary series about winemaking
==Entertainment==
Rythmoi kad Dromoi (Rhythm and Roads)
Koita Ti Ekanes
Dolce Vita
Plus and Minus (Syn kai Plyn)
Who Wants to be a Millionaire? (Greek Version), originally aired on Mega then moved to ERT
Jammin' On (1996–1999)
Stin Ygeia Mas (since 2005) – first broadcast on late-2005
Dromoi- Biographical series, looking at the lives of famous individuals
Imerologia- Informational program that features discussions with well-known stars from the world of film, theatre and music about their lives, careers and whatever else comes up. It takes place around Athens in various locals such as restaurants, marketplace and in neighbourhoods.
Κathe Topos Kai Tragoudi – Informative program that presents informative and unknown aspects of Traditional Greek Song and dance. The show travels all around Greece from small villages to larger towns and cities, examining the Musical history of each area. Each area has distinct musical traditions and its ties to the cultural of each area are also documented. Hosted by Giorogs Melikis
Κyriakatiko Trapezi – Variety show that features a series of guests together at a table sharing a meal, discussing various issues and enjoying live music with the 10 member in-studio band. Now in its 2nd year on NET, hosted by Sotiris Triantafilopoulos
Longitude- British import series that follows the lives of 2 men who lived in different times but shared the common goal of realizing their dreams
Logomaxies- Gameshow that features two teams pitted against each other engaging in a lively debate on various interesting and topical issues.
Mediterraneo- Travel program that focuses on the Mediterranean region, examining the culture, history and the land of this vast & dynamic area.
Mousiki Paradosi – Music program that showcases traditional song and dance from all the regions in Greece. Hosted by Panagiotis Milonas
Pos Ton Len' To Potamo – Gameshow, features 2 teams of 3 players answering knowledge-testing questions and engaging in charades. Winning team receives monetary prize but focus is on having a good time.
Se Χrono ΤV – Informative show that looks at the history of Greek television and mixes the old with the new. It takes viewers back in time to revisit countless great moments in TV history and blends that with clips from entertainers of today.
Sta Akra- One on one discussion with various well-known people from various walks of life. Hosted by Biki Flessa
Τaxideuontas Me Tin Magia Tsokli- Travel program that aired for ten successful seasons on NET. Magia Tsokli travels the world giving viewers a look at fascinating people and places.
Τois Μetritois – Gameshow, features 2 teams of 3 players where they answer a series of questions and compete for a prize of 3000 Euro in cash! At the beginning of the show, the members of each team compete as one, helping each other with the questions. But as the game progresses they then compete for themselves and try and win the money. Also, in a first for Greek Television, viewers watching at home, have the chance to win a cash prize as well. Hosted by Spiro Papadopoulo.
Design- Lifestyle program that is now in its 13th year on ET-3, describes various topics of interest in the modern world such as architecture, design, the arts and general lifestyle news. Hosted by Aggeliki Triaridou.
Diaspora- A series that focuses on bridging the gap between Greeks living abroad and Greece. It gives a voice to the omogenia, to tell about their way of life, the problems they face, stories about their experiences and more. A show that will inform and entertain viewers the world around, hosted by Xrisa Samou. It airs Saturdays at 3:30 pm.
Εpi Troxon- Series that focuses on the latest information about cars and motorcycles, including test drives and reviews of various models for those looking to purchase a new automobile. Also includes news on various motorsports such as Formula 1, Rally World Series, Moto GP and Dragster races. Now in its 6th year on ET-3, hosted by Xaris Theofrastou.
Pame Kala- Informative and entertaining lifestyle show that airs weekday afternoons. The program deals with and focuses on the following topics: Travel, Theatre, Shopping, Books, Dance, Fashion, Sport, Internet/Technology, Cars and Design. Hosted by Zoi Krovaki.
Sinemania – Series that focuses on the world of cinema and attempts to distinguish between reality and fiction (like in the movies) through a series of skits. Now in its 8th year, its hosted by Nikos Goulias.
Ωraioi Ωs Εllines- Biographical series that takes a look at the lives of famous and talented individuals from various walks of life including academics, the arts, politics, music and sport. Profiles include Greeks as well as those from other countries around the world. Hosted by Sofia Tsiligianni.
===Serials===
Αpostolos Kai Monos- Drama starring Giorgos Michalakopoulos, Giorgos Moschidis
Μoni Ex Ameleias- Drama
Η Κatallili Stigmi- Romantic Comedy starring Kleon Grigoriadis, Eleni Kastani, Kostas Triantafyllopoulos, Angeliki Dimitrakopoulou
Ο Thisauvros Tis Aggelinas- Drama starring Ntina Konsta, Sofoklis Peppas, Ilias Logothetis
Οikogenia Zarnti
Τa Paidia Tis Niovis- Drama starring Gregoris Valtinos, Angela Gerekou, Angelos Antonopoulos
Τo Synergeio (The Garage)
Karmelita- Drama
==Foreign==
Eurovision Song Contest(aired every May)
MacGyver (1992)
Magnum, P.I.
Miami Vice
The Lone Ranger (1967)
Biography- Content from The Biography Channel (Airs Monday – Friday)
Dying To Kill: Femal Suicide Bombers (documentary)
The History Channel- Content from the History Channel (Airs Monday – Friday)
Extreme Force (ΠΕΡΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΑ ΟΡΙΑ)
Floricienta (Argentinian telenovela)
Rebelde Way (Argentinian telenovela)
The Young and the Restless- American Soap Opera
Ultimate Journeys (ΑΠΙΘΑΝΟΙ ΠΡΟΟΡΙΣΜΟΙ) (Airs Monday, Wednesday & Thursday)
Downton Abbey (2012 - 2013)
Lonely Planet (documentary, partly dubbed in Greek for the narrator) (2001)
NY
Desperate Housewives
The New Addams Family
Queen of Swords
Discovery Psychology- 26-part series that gives a general view of historical and modern theories surrounding human behaviour.
The Blue Bicycle- Drama based on best-selling novel
The Bold and the Beautiful- American Soap Opera
Zorro
==News and Information==
ET1 News
ET3 News
NET News
Apo ton Freud sto Diadiktyo- A weekly retrospective look back at the big moments of the previous century, taken from the program "As today in the 20th century".
Athlitiki Fakelloi- A new program that features investigative reports on events that made headlines in the world of Sport. An attempt to shed light on unknown aspects of these various events.
Bouli Ton Ellinon- Coverage of parliamentary sessions
Ehoume Kai Leme - Daily talkshow presented by 1 woman who discuss various issues from a female perspective. Topics range from serious social issues to more light-hearted fair such as popular culture and gossip. Hosted by Rika Vagianni.
Ellada Dynami Anthropias- A look at the humanitarian and developmental action of Greece in various 3rd world countries.
Εkpaideutiki Thleorasi- Educational programs including music, culture & history
Εxistorein & Istorein - Political programme that features one-on-one interviews with current and former politicians as well as journalists who concentrate on political matters. Invited guests discuss political matters and their experiences in political office. Also, a look at events shaping modern history. Hosted by Giannis Tzanetakkos.
EURODOC - ΕΥΡΩΠΗ 2013 – New programme focusing on the European Union and Greece's role in it. The first part of the show features a documentary on life in the EU with a focus on issues such as the environment, health and society. The second part of the show involves a discussion with various guests regarding Greece's role in the 'new' Europe. Hosted by Giorgos Kouvaras and Periklis Vasilopoulos
Gaia Elliniki- News and information about the agriculture industry in Greece
H Zoi Einai Paixnidi – Talkshow that informs and entertains viewers at the same time. Topics of discussion vary from social issues to health to economic matters to the arts and more. The main focus of the show is on real life stories involving everyday people. The program will take viewers on an emotional rollercoaster; they will be informed, educated, challenged to think, in addition they will laugh and cry and be inspired by what they see and hear. Hosted by Anna Drouza.
Ideas- A new program featuring discussions about the art of leadership, the forms it manifests itself in and innovations that it brings about. Hosted by Professors Antonis Makrydimitris and Dimitris Dimitrakos.
Κoinovoulio Aixmis – show about Greek parliament, where questions are posed to various political figures
Logo Timis- Financial news and information for consumers, deals with issues affecting individuals and families such as lifestyle, technology and gadgets, government spending and more
Μe Αreti Κai Τolmi- Series about the military, in association with the Ministry of Defence
Μin Patate Τo Prasino - Informative program with focus on the environment, includes tours of nurseries, botanical gardens, parks and other various green spaces in Greece. Hosted by Giannis Kalamitsis
Μonogramma- One of the longest running series on Greek Television, which has been on the air for over 25 years, is a biographical series that looks back on the lives of some of the best-known figures of our times. The series profiles individuals from the world of politics, the arts, religion and society in general.
Rantevou Stis 8 – Morning show, informed viewers about all the relevant issues affecting their lives, from political and social matters as well as cultural issues and sports headlines. Also included a look at regional issues with an emphasis on Northern Greece, program focuses on Thessaloniki where it is broadcast from. Hosted by Μελίνα Καραπαναγιωτίδου-Γιάννης Κυφωνίδης.
Reportaz Horis Synora- Current affairs program that broadcast feature documentaries on various International and domestic issues. The series focused on historical as well as current social and political events, told through the experiences of key players as well as everyday people. It was an award-winning program that had been on the air for 13 years. Hosted by Stelios Kouloglou. (1996–2008)
Ston Kosmo Tis Oikonomias- Informative program about the economy and other financial matters, presented in partnership with the Washington Times
Focus- Informative documentary series that airs weekly on NET. National and international issues are examined and investigated by a team of reporters who seek to uncover aspects that were previously unknown. Focus is governed by and the validity of the program is based on the answering of the 5 basic journalistic questions- Who, What, When, Where and Why.
Η Αlli Opsi – Informative show that examines the world of Politics and public life from a different perspective. It features discussions with politicians and others that are in the public eye, a look at their lives, stories from the past and journeys into places and events.
Ο Horos Ton Apandesion - Intimate one-on-one discussion with various personalities from the arts, politics, higher education, sports and more. Hosted by Thanasis Lalas.
Paraskeuvi Kai 12- Entertaining and informative latenight talkshow. Features discussions with people who have something fascinating to relate, whether it be about their lives, their work or their experiences. Guests include athletes, singers, actors, academics, journalists and others with interesting stories to tell. Hosted by Rika Bagianni, airs Fridays at Midnight
Press- Current affairs program that features discussion on various issues and the headlines of the day. Each week a panel of guests focuses on one specific issue and provides an analysis of this topic. Hosted by Konstantino Zoula.
Τaxideuontas Me To Ayrio- A series that looks at the latest developments from the fields of Science and Technology.
Thematiki Bradia - A series that focuses on a different topic of interest each week, entertaining and informing audiences. Topics of discussion vary from current events as well as social issues, history, health and biographies of well-known personalities. Topics are presented through documentaries, interviews & testimonials and the use of cinematic films.
9 Η Ωra... Μesimeriase! – Informative program that uses wit and humor to discuss various social and cultural issues. The show is divided into various segments devoted to specific topics:
Yparxei... Eidisi - Daily current affairs program that focuses on issues surrounding politics, the economy cultural matters. Program includes a discussion about a key political issue with invited guests, examination of financial matters in terms everyone can understand, a look at cultural issues and issues of interest to youth. Hosted by Christo Gianouli and Christina Kalimeri.
«Ο κύριος αρμόδιος» A look at issues of everyday life, with live reports on location as well as in studio.
«Το πρώτο θέμα» A look at regional issues with an emphasis on Northern Greece.
«Σε άλλη διάσταση» A look at social issue but from a different perspective
«Δώσε πάσα» A look at top sports headlines and goings on in the world of Sports
«Τι μας είπαν...» (χθες) Reports from national politics as well as the local scene.
«χARTης» των ημερών- airs Monday to Friday at 9 am. A look at cultural events from another viewpoint. Hosted by Μελίνα Καραπαναγιωτίδου-Γιάννης Κυφωνίδης.
Αnixneuseis – Current affairs program that examines geopolitical developments from around the world. Technology and major discoveries surrounding the issues form part of the discussion. Host Pantelis Sabbidis and his panel of guests attempt to highlight and answer any questions viewers may have regarding the topics of discussion. Anixneuseis is now in its 11th season on .
E- Life- Program that deals with Technology and seek to inform the viewer about all the latest happenings and gadgets that can make their lives easier. The show focuses mainly on those areas that deal with communication and Information such as the Internet, cell phones, video games and more. In addition, there is a companion website for the show where viewers can find information about everything reported on the program and they have the ability to express their views, give comments about the show and more. Hosted by Sakis Koutsouridis.
Psifiaki Ellada - New program about Technology and the Internet. Its aim is to familiarize people with new technologies that are part of everyday life like computers & the Internet, hosted by Nikos Vasilakos.
Εpistimi Κai Σymptoseis (Serendipity) – Series that explores scientific progress and its revolutionary effect on the world of medicine.
Lavyrinthos (Labyrinth) – Weekly program that deals with politics and features a discussion on issues of importance that are making headlines. Economic and policy debates as some of the topics discussed, with live reports and a focus on regional issue affecting Thessaloniki and all of Northern Greece. Hosted by Alexandros Triantafillidis, airs Thursdays at 11 pm.
Μe Μia Τriti Μatia- Current affairs program with an emphasis on politics, that attempts to discuss the issues with a valid and unbiased view. It features analysis, in depth discussions and reports on the political and economic issues that are making headlines. Now in its 11 year. Hosted by Kostas Bliatkas.
Τa Εn Dimo Εn Οiko... – Informative program that deals with issues from a local perspective, concerns and problems people face in their day-to-day lives. Also a look at the initiatives of regional governments and issues facing municipalities, towns and villages and even neighbourhoods. Hosted by Synthia Sapika, airs Sundays at 2:30 pm.
Υgeia Gia Olous- Informative program that deals with Health issues. Host Μihalis Κefalogiannis along with expert guests, discuss various topics surrounding one's health and attempt to give practical suggestions and solutions on how to deal with certain problems and on prevention.
Zitima Ygeias – Program dealing with health-related matters
Exandas Documentary Series – Multi awarded documentary program directed by Yorgos Avgeropoulos. NET
==Religion==
Theia Leitourgia- Coverage of Sunday Mass, airs on &
Αrontariki- Discussion about social issues with Metropolitan Dimitriados Ignatios and guests.
==Sports==
Athlitiki Fakelloi- A new program that features investigative reports on events that made headlines in the world of Sport. An attempt to shed light on unknown aspects of these various events.
Basketopouli- In depth coverage of the game of basketball, from scores and highlights of the Greek A1 Division to exclusive reports from the game and with players. Also includes news from other European leagues and complete coverage of the NBA, its teams and superstar players. Hosted by Panagioti Perperidi, airs Sundays at 5 pm.
Goalywood
Η Κerkida Τou Sabbatou – Sports program that provides live coverage and discussion of the weekend's sporting events from Soccer and Basketball to other sports such as volleyball and waterpolo. Includes extended highlights of various matches and constantly updated scores.
Sto File- A look at all the action from the A1 Volleyball league in Greece. Features news, highlights and interviews, also serves as a post-game show for the live Volleyball matches shown on ET-1. Hosted by Paulos Gerakaris.
Live coveage of Basketball, Volleyball, Skating competitions, Track & Field competitions, weightlifting competitions, world series Rally races and others
Exclusive coverage of the Greek Cup (soccer)
Athlitiki Kyriaki ("Sports Sunday") – Sports highlight show, that features a wrap up of the weekends games from soccer, basketball and other sports from Greece and abroad. Hosted by Αntoni Katsaro and Anna Karamanli, airs Sundays at 11 pm.
Coverage of UEFA Champions League Soccer
Sabbato X2- Sports news and highlights with in-depth reports and analysis of all the major events from the world of Sport. Hosted by Μihalis Melissidis and Marianna Parskeuvopoulou
Sport Sto Tria''- Sports program with news and highlights of the weekends games. Includes highlights from the Greek 1st and 2nd division as well as from other leagues throughout Europe. Hosted by Stelios Nikitopoulos.
Exclusive coverage of Greek 2nd Division Soccer (2 games per week), Volleyball matches
Footnote: After 2003, all documentary programs are dubbed.
==References==
Television channels in Greece
Lists of television series by network | 636,032,157 | 2014-11-30T14:59:58 | List of programs broadcast by the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation | 2,014 |
39,190,061 | == Doom Bar ==
I'm not all sure that the article ought to calling Doom Bar "The Doom Bar", and in fact I'm pretty sure it shouldn't, but that's not why I'm here. When I click on the geographical coordinates and look at a Google map I see that (The) Doom Bar is to the east of Dennis Road in Padstow, just north of Glynn Road. That surely can't be right. Malleus Fatuorum
How odd. When I try it on Google maps, Bing maps and open street map, I get the correct location, the middle of the estuary, about a mile north of Padstow. On google maps, it does try to give me a marker to the nearest item of interest (a south west coast path), but the green arrow marker is correct. As for the definite article, it certainly shouldn't be a proper definite article (if that's the correct term), it shouldn't be "The" Doom Bar, but the Doom Bar sounds right to my ear and a number of the sources. It also differentiates from Doom Bar, the pint of ale, which you might drink on the Doom Bar. WormTT(talk)
Maybe just an artifact of the way I was zooming and panning then. I like this article, and I'm looking forward to being able to support its promotion once I've had a good look through. Malleus Fatuorum
Thanks Malleus. If there's anything for me to pick, let me know. WormTT(talk)
Looks like it was just promoted. Great work, Dave. There were a few minor hiccups, but nothing too serious and you'll know hat to expect for your next FAC (assuming you nominate another, of course). Speaking of which, do you have an article in mind? HJ Mitchell | Penny for your thoughts?
I still have a few fixes to do on Doom Bar (your page numbering for one!) so that'll be my priority. After that, I think I'll have a go at a list of the wrecks on the Doom Bar, it's a lot less stressful just writing something than going the whole way for FA. I do have something else in the pipeline, but I'm not sure it could ever get to featured status as it's quite short... Having said that, I'm really not keen on trying to do another FA while I'm on Arbcom, it's far too stressful. Perhaps that's just my dumb luck for attempting when we had one of our worst months... WormTT(talk)
== History ==
When you create an article in user space it is prefered that you move the article into mainspace rather than copy it. I just noticed the original edit summary at your first edit of Doom Bar. I am requesting a history merge. If you have done this type of thing often in the past, you may want to consider some history merges and you may also want to stop doing it if you currently still do it.
Hey Tony, it's the only article I've done that on and it was due to my lack of knowledge at the time. I also included the exact text from a beermat at the time, something that verges on a copyright violation. It's best that the userspace article stays deleted and the copy paste into the mainspace stays as it is. There's no one else who needs to be attributed but me and I have full attribution on first edit, so it shouldn't be an issue. WormTT(talk)
I'd still like to see the true history if possible. We don't erase COPYVIOs from histories you know. I have a history merge request in at AN.
The histories of the two articles overlap, creating the situation described at HISTMERGE#A_troublesome_case, where a histmerge would either still leave some history out (if a selective histmerge is performed) or leave the page history a hopeless jumble from the mainspace article's creation to the deletion of the user draft. It's not that big a deal; if Worm would rather it stay deleted, let it stay deleted. Writ Keeper ⚇♔
(ec)No we don't, but it seems a bit perverse to actually add one in when there's a clear delineation between the copyvio page and the non-copyvio one. WormTT(talk)
:I see a response above from someone who seems to have access. I guess this has gotten its due consideration. I have no problem with it remaining buried.
::There's a policy issue (or perhaps purely a policy preference) that puzzles me here, though. Why are people so eager to request history merges on material where the contributing editor wrote the text elsewhere (e.g. in userspace), no-one else contributed to it, and then the contributing editor attributed themselves when adding it to mainspace? History merges are to preserve attribution, I thought - is there some other reason that the fragments of history, all from the same editor that's adding them to mainspace anyway, are so important?
== FOUR for Doom Bar ==
Thanks Tony! WormTT(talk)
Just saw this - Congratulations :)
Let me just say here that I believe this four thing to be a complete and utter waste of time and resources, and if I ruled the world I'd ban it. Malleus Fatuorum
You mean rewards for exceptional effort and work? Don't be a stick in the mud. Encouragement keeps everything working and people need to be shown their value and worth to get the best from them. Well done Dave! ツ Jenova20 (email)
== Gwickwire ==
As you wrote recently, I think you may be interested in , which is current. — Hex (❝?!❞)
Since Hex himself failed to look at the context, I was only informing the user of his rights as he was confused (based on recent edit summaries), thinking he had the right to edit his talkpage, the right to express himself however he wanted, and others. The tone wasn't the best, but if you look at his failure to listen to nice messages before, and continued trolling of the admin who blocked him, it's clear it was in no way inappropriate (and I've had others tell me the same). Hex, please stop stalking me and/or warning me due to a thread on Wikipediocracy when you do not look at the backstory, etc. gwickwiretalkediting
I'm really not interested any more, I've tried to help gwickwire, but he's instead on a path to self destruction. I've got more important things to worry about. WormTT(talk)
I'm not at all surprised, and concur with the assessment. — Hex (❝?!❞)
== Arbcom clarification hearing. ==
I don't understand your last question. GoodDay (talk)
Ok. It boils down to - why shouldn't we ban you? WormTT(talk)
My gnome edits are harmless & helpful. I don't commit vandalism, never used sock-puppets or meat-puppets, rarely get into edit-wars, rarely drag editors to ANI. GoodDay (talk)
There's more to you than gnome edits, if that was all you did we wouldn't be here. A list of the stuff you haven't done doesn't help much either, as blocks and bans cover a lot more than those situations. You've been asked to change your ways before, what's different this time? WormTT(talk)
:If I were allowed to continue on the project, I would be able to prove my change of conduct. Facing the threat of (atleast) a 1-year Ban, will have that effect on a fellow. GoodDay (talk)
== Walsall art gallery meet up ==
I finally found one i can sign up to and travel to =DAre you and Stacey going to any in the near future? ツ Jenova20 (email)
Hey Jenova! Sorry I didn't reply to this, I thought I did - honestly! Looks like Stacey and I will be going to at least 3, possible 4 in the next couple of months, but they're not so far south as the one you're looking at. WormTT(talk)
Cool. Walsall GLAM should be quiet =P. Only 6 people signed up. No worries about the reply, i assumed you would be busier with the new title. Thanks ツ Jenova20 (email)
Well, it seems to come and go in phases. In fact I was rather busy with some off wiki stuff instead :) WormTT(talk)
:Do they have pictures of kites? NE Ent
::There's something fishy about this comment... WormTT(talk)
::: Egads ... I've been plipped. — Ched : ?
== You are a Golden Editor! ==
Thank you very much AutomaticStrikeout, and it's good to see you back again. WormTT(talk)
== Notification of appeal ==
I am appealing the community restriction with which you were involved.
Of course, I wouldn't use the word "involved", but I was on the fence about leaving you with the restriction last year. Certainly happy for it to be removed 10 months on. WormTT(talk)
== JohnClarknew ==
Thank you for the block of - I was just in the middle of filing an ANI report, so you beat me to it! BencherliteTalk
No problems. Hopefully it can be resolved amicably. WormTT(talk)
He has a serious issue with COI and IDIDNTHEARTHAT, judging by his behaviour at John Le Mesurier (where he tried to edit-war a trivial reference to himself into a featured article, and when that failed started attacking those who disagreed with his edits, accusing them of meatpuppetry and vandalism), and at Kay Hawtrey (his ex-wife). See the talk pages of the respective articles for the background. BencherliteTalk
I had a glance at it when it was first kicking off, but due to time constraints did very little about it. Of course he has a CoI, he's the subject. That doesn't mean he's necessarily wrong. He has the right to take legal action though I do not believe it would be successful, I'd rather it didn't come to that. Luckily, I'm generally good at seeing different people's point of view, so I'm happy to discuss the matter with him and see if we can get a resolution that doesn't involve lawyers. WormTT(talk) edit: clarified based on comments below WormTT(talk)
That talk page makes for a very interesting read. The contributors of that discussion have put in much effort but none of it appears to have been appreciated by the blocked user ツ Jenova20 (email)
It can be difficult if you feel people are writing unfavourably about you in the press or on a website. Hopefully we can smooth things out. WormTT(talk)
Understandable, but this appears quite the opposite. This was a person who came from nowhere, asking for publicity with no evidence he was involved in the topic (for quite a lot of the discussion). There was no malice towards him and he in fact belittled others at every opportunity until they had had enough and fought back. Quite simply the definition of a troll from where i'm sitting ツ Jenova20 (email)
:I don't see troll, I see someone who doesn't understand. Trolls are intentional. What's more, I don't agree with no malice, I think it's been poorly handled all round... WormTT(talk)
::Well i've only read the discussions at John Le Mesurier and i'm just a casual observer. But my opinion from just that page is that he handled the thing terribly from start to finish in an insulting manner and expecting his every demand. He doesn't appear notable in Le Mesurier's history but wants to be included in his article to promote himself, even though John Le Mesurier was involved with many many other people who could then want to be in his article for the same reason. What could he possibly sue for? Slander? He started that with multiple people. Libel? There's no mention of him. So yeah, looking at it from here i'd label him as a troll. No editor here should have their hard unpaid work belittled and their time wasted by an attention seeker. Thanks ツ Jenova20 (email)
:::He may not have handled things particularly well, but that's not surprising as he's a newcomer who's just trying to improve things from his point of view. I'm sure we can find a solution that everyone's happy with. WormTT(talk)
When you tell people to ignore my comment that they should ignore JohnClarknew's message, which is a request for contact details for litigation use, are you suggesting that we give him our contact details? All of those to whom he has written have been engaging with him on talk pages, so he knows - and we know - how to discuss matters with him on-wiki. There is no reason for us to take things off-wiki, or for us to agree to his request to take things off-wiki. OTRS is another matter, of course. Perhaps if OTRS can find a way of helping him understand that Wikipedia principles about sourcing your edit apply to everyone, and that accusing one of the primary authors of a featured article of being a "shill for Amazon" doesn't help in the slightest, that would help. BencherliteTalk
I said that "ignore this" was poor advice. This person is clearly aggrieved and as a person with a biography on wikipedia, we should not ignore him. I'm not saying you should submit yourself to his request, I'm saying that you shouldn't just ignore it. It's not going to away. WormTT(talk)
It was a request for contact details for litigation purposes. That is what we ignore. As he is blocked for legal threats, there is nothing else for us to do, is there? We have talked and talked on the talk pages with him, others have engaged with him e.g. at Jimbo's talk page, yet to no avail, and our collective patience seems to be exhausted. And then you come along and say "He has the right to take legal action" as if he is actually right in thinking he has a legal case against me and other editors , which doesn't exactly fill me with confidence in your analysis of the situation. Of course, if you were simply saying that "he has the right to take legal action" in the complete abstract i.e. with no consideration of "for what" or "against who", then that's a different matter, but still hardly a useful comment to throw around just after blocking someone for issuing legal threats, because it makes it look to the outside world, to him and to us as if you think he has a meritorious case. BencherliteTalk
That's a fair comment, I'll modify my statement. It was the abstract, he does keep that right, blocked or no. I personally don't see the legal case he has, but I'm also not satisfied that he's totally in the wrong as some people believe him to be. There is a possibility of a compromise here, certainly of mediation. OTRS would be a great place to help de-escalate and I'm willing to help out there. WormTT(talk)
:I've had a response to my email and I believe him to be saying that he is not intending to sue ("No, I am not interested in suing"). Just so you know. Delicious carbuncle (talk)
== Thanks ==
Hi again, thanks for leaving that information on my Talk page - there's a lot to go at! Just to double check, is this the right way to Talk on to someone/a group on here? Robotsoap84 —Preceding undated comment added
Glad to help. Yes, this is exactly right on how to start a new discussion. You did actually use three tildes (~~~) instead of 4, so only your signature, but not timestamp was displayed. Another thing I should tell you about is how conversations work on the encyclopedia, we indent using colons (:), just as I have done at the beginning of this comment. Each colon indents one more space, and generally you are considered to be replying to comment above that has one less colon (So ::: replies to ::) I hope that makes a bit of sense! WormTT(talk)
== A barnstar for you! ==
Thanks Harry. I really enjoyed doing it and will certainly be volunteering to do more training in the future. WormTT(talk)
== A favor -Environmental law articles ready for preliminary review ==
Hi A Worm That Turned. I see that you're an online ambassador. I'm the Professor for Aaron Frank's environmental law class, and while you're not signed up for my course, I was wondering if you'd be willing to take a look at any or all of the articles my students are working on. One of the aspects of this sort of course is that students understand that they are putting their work out before the wikipedia community for review. In the past, there hasn't been that much activity on their pages as they were working on them. I was hoping that if you get a chance you can take a look.
The students now have draft articles in mainspace and are starting to review each other's articles, and they could also use a preliminary review by an experienced Wikipedian in this area. If you get a chance, ideally sometime before Thursday or so, please take a look at the following list of articles and leave feedback on the talk page:
Federal exemptions for hydraulic fracturing
Consolidated Edison v. Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference
Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
American Electric Power Company v. Connecticut
Sierra Club v. Babbitt
Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. NRDC
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
Thank you! Aarf613 (talk)
Hi Aarf613. I'm not really much of an online ambassador any more, I don't think I've done anything useful in that project for a little while. However, it was something I really enjoyed doing a couple of years ago and I'd love to help out and take my mind off other things. So, certainly, I'll have a look through the articles over then next few days and offer a little bit of feedback for your students. Thank you very much for taking the time to ask me. WormTT(talk)
I see Stuartyeates has provided some excellent preliminary feedback. I'll allow the students to respond to that and update their articles before making a sweep, as much of my criticism will match his. WormTT(talk)
== Pudding notification ==
This notice is to inform you that there is a discussion at UK Wikipedians' notice board regarding a breakfast dish with which you may have been involved. Thank you.
== Mail call ==
—MelbourneStar☆talk
== A kitten for you! ==
Hi Worm,
My Copyright course will finish next week, I will be back soon! :D
RexRowanTalk
== Arbcom reform RFC ==
I've started a very early draft: TParis/Arbcom_RFC_2013.
== WORM IN MY BRAIN ALMOST KILLED ME (sic) ==
Hello. This message is to inform you that this morning's Metro had as its main banner headline a huge text saying "WORM IN MY BRAIN ALMOST KILLED ME", which I'm sure was not a statement relating to a brain or arbcom with which you may have been involved. Thank you.
(Also, on a more serious note, some articles about the recent tragic speedboat deaths mentioned "the notorious Doom Bar" as being nearby. No practical connection was suggested, though, so almost certainly not to be included in the article. Fifty years from now, who knows.)
Sorry I didn't reply earlier. I try to keep out of people's brains for the most part! I did look and I didn't find any connection to the Doom Bar in the articles I read. There's no rush on including it, even if it can be included. WormTT(talk)
== Arbcom positions ==
Hey Worm. A number of us are asking abrcom members a few questions regarding a prior case here The questions are basically 1) did you vote on this ban appeal 2) if so how 3) or are you against releasing this sort of details to the community. Many thanks | 564,702,603 | 2013-07-17T21:02:15 | Worm That Turned/Archive 25 | 2,014 |
19,270,807 | == September 2008 ==
Welcome, and thank you for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and it has been reverted or removed. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you would like to experiment further, please use the sandbox. -- zzuuzz (talk) | 237,675,493 | 2008-09-11T09:18:51 | 61.16.158.254 | 2,014 |
43,736,744 | == September 2014 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Clinton, Mississippi has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
ClueBot NG makes very few mistakes, but it does happen. If you believe the change you made was constructive, please read about it, , remove this message from your talk page, and then make the edit again.
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The following is the log entry regarding this message: Clinton, Mississippi was changed by 97.82.23.172 (u) (t) ANN scored at 0.899834 on 2014-09-04T03:31:19+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot NG (talk)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Lance Cade, you may be blocked from editing. gobonobo + c
If this is a shared IP address, and you did not make the edits, consider creating an account for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.
==October 2014==
You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Caron Butler. Rikster2 (talk)
== Blocked ==
You have been blocked from editing for a period of 31 hours for Vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you may do so when the block expires. If you feel this block is unjustified, you may contest it by adding the text below. Mojo Hand (talk)
== December 2014 ==
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a message letting you know that one or more of your recent edits to Brickleberry has been undone by an automated computer program called ClueBot NG.
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43,736,745 | ==September 2014==
Hello, I'm 117Avenue. An edit that you recently made to Kwan seemed to be a test and has been removed. If you want more practice editing, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! 117Avenue (talk) | 624,106,700 | 2014-09-04T03:31:24 | 76.254.33.38 | 2,014 |
4,251,374 | This category is for the Binghamton Senators of the American Hockey League.
American Hockey League teams
Sports in Binghamton, New York
Ice hockey teams in New York
Companies based in Binghamton, New York | 588,169,605 | 2013-12-29T05:17:28 | Binghamton Senators | 2,014 |
19,270,812 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was Delete. Eluchil404
===Allan Heldsinger===
() – (View AfD)(View log)
This rugby league player is not notable in terms of rugby league. He plays solely in a second division youth competition, which is not considered worthy of an article by the Rugby league WikiProject (of which I am a active member). Normally we allow articles for players which play in the top competition. If and when this player enters a fully fledging top level playing career, we recommend an article on Wikipedia, until and only if then, this article won't go beyond the simple sentence which dosen't/wouldn't explain anything. There would be hardly any third party sources on this player. The Windler talk
Delete, unsourced: v, blp.
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletion discussions. —Grahame (talk)
Delete unverified information. Notability not proven.
Delete, might have a great career ahead of him, but hasn't crossed the notability line yet. No significant third-party coverage that I could find. Lankiveil (speak to me) .
Delete Lower grade and NYC player only. He gets around on facebook though. •Florrie•leave a note•
''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 239,499,561 | 2008-09-19T07:58:03 | Articles for deletion/Allan Heldsinger | 2,014 |
43,736,747 | Please leave me comments with your signature
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Kaflynn15 (talk) | 624,106,731 | 2014-09-04T03:31:52 | Kaflynn15 | 2,014 |
43,736,751 | "TheSquiddles" is a Wikipedia user born in Saskatchewan, Canada and is currently living in Alberta, Canada. Squiddles is an amateur guitar player, and also enjoys playing Xbox 360 games. Squiddles went to elementary school for their first seven years of education, then moved on to middle school for grades 7 through 9, and finally went into their local high school for their final years of education. | 624,106,885 | 2014-09-04T03:33:37 | TheSquiddles | 2,014 |
43,736,752 | == September 2014 ==
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43,736,753 | Ángel Torres was an author, historian and sportswriter who penned numerous Spanish-language books, usually about Cuban baseball.
Books he wrote include La Historia Del Beisbol Cubano 1878-1976, La Leyenda Del Beisbol Cubano, Tres Siglos De Beisbol Cubano, El Legado Deportivo and The Baseball Bible (in English).
He also worked for Fox Sports, calling regular season and World Series baseball games in Spanish alongside Ulpiano Cos Villa.
In 2009, he won the National Award for Journalism from the National Journalists Association of Cuba in Exile.
==Personal life==
He was born in 1928 in La Habana, Cuba. He attended the Cuban-American Institute and English Special Center at Jesus del Monte, while still in Cuba, whence he graduated in 1947. He eventually emigrated to the United States. He died on December 9, 2010, at age 82.
==References==
1928 births
2010 deaths
Cuban non-fiction writers
Cuban historians
Sportswriters
People from La Habana Province
Cuban emigrants to the United States | 638,625,406 | 2014-12-18T10:22:50 | Ángel Torres (author) | 2,014 |
19,270,813 | == September 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Automotive engineering has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. THEN WHO WAS PHONE? (talk)
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Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Automotive engineering. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing. Closedmouth (talk)
This is your last warning. You will be blocked from editing the next time you vandalize a page, as you did with this edit to Automotive engineering. Closedmouth (talk) | 237,676,483 | 2008-09-11T09:28:11 | 60.242.237.232 | 2,014 |
4,251,379 | This category is for the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League, and formerly of the International Hockey League.
American Hockey League teams
International Hockey League (1945–2001) teams
Wolves
Professional ice hockey teams in Illinois
Rosemont, Illinois | 588,196,764 | 2013-12-29T10:54:12 | Chicago Wolves | 2,014 |
43,736,754 | Beverly Bond is an American DJ, entrepreneur and former fasion model for Wilhelmina Models. Bond began working as an actress in the mid 1990s, and began DJing in New York in 2000. Bond is currently CEO of Black Girls Rock! and a performing artist and producer for BET.
== References ==
== External links ==
Articles created via the Article Wizard | 624,106,999 | 2014-09-04T03:34:45 | Korbomite/Beverly Bond | 2,014 |
19,270,822 | == September 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia, at least one of your recent edits, such as the one you made to Coinage metals, did not appear to be constructive and has been automatically reverted by ClueBot. Please use the sandbox for any test edits you would like to make, and take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you believe there has been a mistake and would like to report a false positive, please report it here and then remove this warning from your talk page. If your edit was not vandalism, please feel free to make your edit again after reporting it. The following is the log entry regarding this warning: Coinage metals was changed by 61.0.161.3 (u) (t) blanking the page on 2008-09-11T09:20:41+00:00 . Thank you. ClueBot (talk) | 237,675,689 | 2008-09-11T09:20:47 | 61.0.161.3 | 2,014 |
43,736,755 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was Merge into System V printing system. The consensus seems to be uniform and even includes the original nominator. And the development of the article after the nomination effectively changes the nature of the article to the extent that this nomination no longer applies. And given my own knowledge of the computers, it seems everything that has happened was a good faith successful attempt that tallies common sense. (Non-admin closure ahead of time per snowball clause) Fleet Command (talk)
===Lp (Unix)===
– (View AfDView log Stats)
()
This article does not establish its notability by showing significant coverage in reliable secondary sources that are independent of the subject itself. Codename Lisa (talk)
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Software-related deletion discussions. Ascii002Talk Contribs GuestBook
Delete; agree with nomination. Titanium Dragon (talk)
Merge to List of Unix utilities for now, since currently the article has little concrete information further than the current entry in the list. IMO if there can be well/multiple-source cited paragraphs on, say, the history and differences with the similar commands (e.g. expanding paragraphs 2 and 3) then it would make a good case to keep. 野狼院ひさし Hisashi Yarouin
Keep—Rather than list sources here, it might just be easier for me to rewrite the article. If I don't get to it in the next few days, I'll put a few cites here. Lesser Cartographies (talk) Struck !vote; changed to merge+redirect below. Lesser Cartographies (talk)
Keep There are numerous books which establish the notability of the topic - see Introduction to Unix and Shell Programming, for example. A general prohibition of content about computer commands does not seem sensible; it would be like forbidding content about mathematical operations and symbols. If the current content of the page is not liked then there are obvious alternatives to deletion such as merger with spooling and our editing policy is to prefer these. Andrew (talk)
:*Hi, LC. I am afraid I don't have any manuals left. And I doubt if they ever count as evidence of notability. But the best way to keep this article is to merge it to a Unix printing topic. Actually, you've linked to a couple of the articles that might just do. You see, we might save more than one article from deletion. Best regards, Codename Lisa (talk)
Update—I've rewritten the article, and in the process of doing so noticed that someone smarter than I am had linked to System V printing system, which is what Lp (Unix) actually is (well, in my opinion, anyway). Could interested parties take a look and see if they think lp still needs its own article, and if it doesn't, should we be thinking about a merge+redirect? (As an aside, there was some good-but-unsourced stuff in the previous version that didn't carry over to the new version. Please feel unusually free to revert if you'd like the article to retain its previous focus.) Lesser Cartographies (talk)
You mean saving two articles instead of just one? Definitely. While a command does not have impact, a printing system definitely does. I support the merger 100%. Too bad I can't close this nomination myself. Best regards, Codename Lisa (talk)
Merge+Redirect—Merge the content of Lp (Unix) into System V printing system, then redirect Lp (Unix) there. Codename Lisa mentioned they were willing to withdraw the nom given the rewrite, in which case we can do a Speedy Keep here followed by a BOLD merge+redirect. Titanium Dragon, Hisashiyarouin, Andrew Davidson: if you have time and inclination, take a look at rewrite and let me know if you'd prefer another path. Thanks! Lesser Cartographies (talk)
Keep or Merge with System V printing system. Given Lesser Cartographies' major rewrite, this is now a well referenced start-class article
Keep or Merge with System V printing system after great rewrite by LC (). List of Unix utilities seems a much less appropriate target per Lisa. Striking target above. 野狼院ひさし Hisashi Yarouin
''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 624,624,032 | 2014-09-08T03:58:55 | Articles for deletion/Lp (Unix) | 2,014 |
19,270,824 | == September 2008 ==
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4,251,387 | Welcome!
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Please do not add nonsense to Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. ♣ Klptyzm Chat wit' me § Contributions ♣ | 127,758,190 | 2007-05-02T19:27:25 | 207.114.147.3 | 2,014 |
43,736,758 | == September 2014 ==
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Hello, I'm 7Sidz. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Bad Girls Club (season 12), because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. 7Sidz (talk) | 627,678,634 | 2014-09-30T13:38:35 | ATL901 | 2,014 |
39,190,063 | ==April 2013==
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edit to Edvard Grieg constitutes vandalism and has been reverted. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Donner60 (talk) | 551,699,791 | 2013-04-22T21:46:30 | 99.90.50.156 | 2,014 |
4,021,223 | 635,863,376 | 2014-11-29T06:09:59 | Indian astronomy | 2,014 |
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Currently, you are editing without a username. You can continue to do so as you are not required to log in to Wikipedia to read and write articles, however, logging in will result in a username being shown instead of your IP address (yours is ). Logging in does not require any personal details. There are many other benefits for logging in to Wikipedia. For now, if you are stuck, you can type on this page and an experienced Wikipedian will be around to answer any questions you may have.
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43,736,759 | == Shape and structure ==
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is one of the four terrestrial planets in our Solar System. This means most of its mass is solid. The other three are Mercury, Venus, and Mars. The Earth is also called the Blue Planet, "Planet Earth", and "Terra".
The Earth is home to millions of species of plants and animals, including humans. Earth is the only planet in the galaxy known to support life. Earth has many places that are suitable for humans to live in, although some areas of the planet can are dangerous or uninhabitable.
Science shows that Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The organisms that live on Earth have completely changed its air (atmosphere); this is called a biosphere.
71% of Earth's surface is covered in salt water oceans. Earth is the only place in the Solar System where liquid water is known to exist at present. The other 29% is made of rocky land in the shape of continents and islands.
Earth interacts with other objects in the Solar System, particularly the Sun and the Moon. The Earth orbits the Sun roughly once every 365.25 days. One spin is called a 'day' and one orbit around the Sun is called a 'year'. This is why there are 365 days in a year, but a leap day added to the calendar once every 4 years.
Shape and structure
Earth is a terrestrial planet. This means it is made up of solid rock unlike a gas giant such as Jupiter. It is the largest out of the four terrestrial planets in mass and diameter. The Earth's shape is an oblate spheroid. This means it is basically a sphere but it bulges around the middle. The circumference of the Earth is about 40,000 kilometers; the average width of the Earth is about 12,700 kilometers. The highest point on Earth is the peak of Mount Everest at 8,848 meters above sea level. The lowest natural point is the bottom of the Mariana Trench at 10,911 meters below sea level. Because of the bulge at the middle or the equator, the farthest point from the Earth's center is the top of Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
Inside, the Earth is similar to the other terrestrial planets. It has an outer, solid rock layer called the crust. Everything that lives on Earth is on top of the crust. Below that is a layer of thick, semi-liquid rock called the mantle. Under that is a thin liquid layer called the outer core and then the solid iron inner core. The thickness of the crust changes. On land the average is between 30–50 kilometers thick. Under the oceans in some places it is only 6 kilometers thick.
Tectonic plates
The Earth is the only terrestrial planet with active plate tectonics. Due to plate tectonics the Earth's crust basically floats on the thick liquid rock of the mantle below. The crust is split up into parts called plates. These plates interact as they move about causing earthquakes and creating volcanoes and mountain ranges. The place where plates meet are called plate boundaries. There are three types of plate boundary: constructive, destructive and transform.
Surface
The Earth changes greatly from place to place. Over 70% of the Earth surface is covered by water. The underwater surface has many of the same features as the above sea with volcanoes, mountains and trenches or canyons. The 30% not covered by water is mostly forests, deserts plains, mountains and plateaus. Human civilization has led to increasing urbanisation — the growth of cities. Many things can change the surface of the Earth. Plate tectonics is main cause of change but there are others such as erosion from wind and rain, erosion by the oceans or meteorite impacts. There are three main types of rock that make up the Earth's surface: Igneous rock is made when magma or lava from the mantle reaches the surface and cools. As it gets colder it turns into rock or solidifies. Sedimentary rock is made from sediment, like sand or small bits of other rock, that has been crushed and packed tightly together. Metamorphic rock which is made when either of the other two types are changed by high or low temperatures and pressures.
Atmosphere
A planet's atmosphere is a layer of different gases surrounding it. It is kept there by gravity. The Earth's atmosphere is made of about 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and small amounts of other gases. This mixture is often called air. Further up there is a layer of ozone gas called the Ozone layer. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Ultraviolet radiation is dangerous to people, so without the Ozone layer life would not be possible. The atmosphere also protects the earth from crashes with meteors and small asteroids. This is because they burn up due to all the friction as they fly through it. It also helps to keep Earth warm. Some gases including carbon dioxide and methane act like a blanket around the Earth, they trap heat under them, keeping the Earth warm.
Weather, climate, and water cycle
Hot air rises. As it rises it gets colder again and falls. This creates convection currents. When hot air meets cold air different weather effects happen. Convection currents are the cause of almost all weather on Earth. When it gets hot on the surface water evaporates and becomes steam or water vapour. This hot water vapour rises. As it rises it gets colder. When it gets cold enough it turns back into water again. This causes the clouds and rain. It is called the water cycle.
Orbit and rotation
The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one day and about 365 days to complete a year. Actually, the Earth take 365.24 days to revolve around the sun. After every four years, an extra day is added, and the year has 366 days. This is a leap year. The Earth is, on average, 150 million kilometers away from the Sun, and moving at a speed of 30 kilometers a second or 108,000 miles an hour. The Moon orbits the Earth at an average distance of 250,000 miles. It is tidally locked to Earth, which means it always has the same side facing the Earth. It takes roughly one month to complete one orbit. The Earth is part of the Solar System and orbits the sun along with thousands of small objects and eight planets. The Sun, and therefore the Solar System, are currently traveling through the Orion Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy and will be for approximately the next 10,000 years.
References | 624,108,889 | 2014-09-04T03:57:05 | Efpeterson/TWA/Earth/2 | 2,014 |
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19,270,825 | ==Image copyright problem with Image:Fragile.jpg==
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==I'm going to propose this article to be deleted==
The article is of a non notable Yes song, it's uninformative, has no citations, and is poorly written. Seriously zero citations and this article has existed for a long time... --Mrmoustache14 (talk) | 518,559,167 | 2012-10-18T18:38:40 | Mood for a Day | 2,014 |
39,190,064 | 593,615,102 | 2014-02-02T18:40:35 | Jappeloup | 2,014 |
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== September 2014 ==
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4,251,396 | == Welcome to Wikipedia! ==
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43,736,763 | == Matteo Messervy ==
Matteo Messervy (born 1971 in Paris, France) is a French artist known for
large-scale art installations and lighting design works using
elemental materials such as light and water to
enhance the viewer’s experience. In 1997 he
established Atelier Matteo Messervy in Montreuil, a
suburb of Paris, in a former textile factory. Messervy
is best known for his Monumental installation in the
Hotel de Ville, Paris’city hall employing light, sculpture,
projection and sound. Messervy also designed signi�- cant commercial projects in The Centre Pompidou and
the airport Charles de Gaulle in Paris.
Matteo Messervy was raised in France, Guatemala and Spain. He studied Design at the École Supérieure
d‘Arts Graphiques Penninghen in Paris. Recently
Messervy opened his studio in Asia and is currently
working on projects in India and Thailand.
Artist's Philosophy
“Every city can return to it’s splendour by creating a refurbished vision of the
achievements of it’s inhabitants. The urban experience is enhanced when there is a
reference to the past”.
== Projects ==
=== * MARVEL EDGE, Pune, India (work in progress) ===
The french conceptual light-designer Matteo Messervy has won the design competition for the Marvel Edge Building in Pune, India.
This next generation of cutting-edge, technologically-advanced and sustainable buildings, presenting a new vision of work and commercial spaces, will be illuminated by Matteo Messervy and his team of engineers.
The nine stories, 36 meters high building spreading over a 1 420 000 square feet area, masterfully incorporates :
- Offices, conference and meeting rooms, event spaces
- A 30 Keys Luxury Boutique Hotel with private plunge pools
- A rooftop recreational area featuring a fine dining restaurant, a bar, a pool, a Gym&Spa
- Innovative green spaces with eight Sky Gardens running across the entire circumference of the building
=== * THE OPUS, Bangkok, Thailand===
The Opus Building clearly stands out in the urban setting of its surrounding neighbourhood : Thonglor.
An area fast becoming a hotspot in Bangkok, known for its excellent choice of fashionable and upmarket residential, commercial and entertainment experiences, catering to a trendy and vibrant crowd of both locals and expatriates.
The lighting effects would attempt to breathe life inside
The Opus walls, setting it aside from the usually static nature of most constructions by lending to the building façade the lively, steady and intimate movement of a heartbeat when seen from the outside.
It must transform a place into an outstanding entity.
We aim at visually connect and harmonize the façade with the passers by, bringing out the outstanding nature and quality of the place, satisfying both performance and aesthetics.
We want to create a playful interaction between people and the building’s façade with the use of a specifically developed smartphone app, through which people would be enabled to literally connect to the façade’s LED lighting display, and play with it following a precise scenario.
This kind of interactive visual concept with mobile devices would be a world premiere. Designed by Matteo Messervy and programmed by the french based tech. firm REMU, specialized in high-end interactive and multimedia scenographies.
=== * Embassy of France in Thailand===
Following a call to project for the embassy of France in Thailand, the artist and lighting designer Matteo Messervy was among the five designers chosen to present a concep- tual lighting design for the french embassy’s new premises in Bangkok.
The building’s prismatic shaped monolithic appearance is accentuated by a sleek, icy white Corian cladded façade. The material and aesthetic quality of this type of solid surface
lenders itself perfectly to colorful and creative designs. The lighting design proposed by Matteo Messervy is an invitation to travel and discovery.
Through shadows and lights , he tries to reconnect with a cultural past through a certain kind of literary genre : travel literature.
To materialize this concept , two types of works would be carried out:
1) A light-installation in the form of a projection on the building’s main façade representing silhouettes of people reading extracts of literary texts : The smooth, angular, white surface of this contemporary piece of architecture provides an excellent platform for the projection of images .
2) Illumination of the building’s base at ground level :
The aim would be to emulate the illumination generated from candles through the use of artificial lighting.
16 External LED lights would be fitted on the ground, spreading along the building’s dark granite ground-floor base that constitutes the bottom of the façade.
From each LED would emanate a light beam directed from the ground up, towards the ceiling of the recessed alcove , on either side of the main entrance the building .
A pre- programmed DMX LED controler would create a movement in each beam of light, like a rhythm, a respiration simulating the flickering light of a candle flame.
=== * Boutique Louis Vuitton, Printemps-Haussmann===
In the wake of the opening of its new flagship store inside
the famous Parisian retail landmark, The Printemps-Haussmann, Louis Vuitton commissioned Matteo Messervy to create a monumental masterpiece that would bring a strong and
unique visual signature to the space.
The artist conceived a sculpture made of intricately intertwined laces of metal representing a miniature global network of quantum universes, punctuated by crystal balls delicately lining up like planets on this ultra connected cosmogonic grid.
The whole ensemble seems to be gravitating around the center of the masterpiece which bears the luxury brand’s internationnaly famous initials “LV” in its center.
A nod at the hyper-connected world in which we live, with fashion and luxury as its epicenter.
=== * NOTIFY Showroom, Ron Arad===
Matteo Messervy was commissioned by architect Ron Arad to assist him in transforming a 1930s factory in central Milano, Italy, into a modern showroom for Notify jeans, in which to exhibit its collections each season,
The lighting design concept for Notify shop in Milan aims to offer the visitor a subtle and refined sensory pathway that would culminate by the central sculpture of Ron Arad . Sweet and moving, the light Concept breathes life into the volumes and reveals the architecture. The play of light on the main sculpture marks the identity of the lighting project , a sort of leitmotiv carrying the harmony and coherence of the whole project.
=== * ATELIER NOTIFY, Zaha Hadid===
The Atelier Notify fashion retail space in Paris was designed by architect Zaha Hadid, who asked Matteo Messervy to conceive and implement the lighting design of the Notify brand’s shop interiors.
The aim was to highlight the fluidity, originality and elegance of the interiors architetural forms, outlining the powerful and dynamic flow of their curves.
When entering this place, the client must get the feeling of being welcomed in a world of harmony, calm and serenity. The lighting effects would create a cocoon-like atmosphere, warm and intimate.
Bringing the consumers to an entirely new sensory experience. Such qualities being a trademark in the lighting designer’s
works and ethics. | 625,195,741 | 2014-09-12T05:16:45 | Rumeaug/sandbox | 2,014 |
39,190,067 | 621,274,595 | 2014-08-14T22:53:41 | Nonhelema | 2,014 |
|
43,736,765 | == September 2014 ==
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19,270,828 | == September 2008 ==
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, adding content without citing a reliable source is not consistent with our policy of verifiability. Take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. If you are familiar with Citing sources, please take this opportunity to add references to the article. Anshuk (talk)
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39,190,069 | Arc Poetry Magazine is a quarterly literary magazine established in 1978, publishing poetry and prose about poetry.
==History==
Arc was started in 1978 by then-Carleton University Professors Christopher Levenson, Michael Gnarowski and Tom Henighan.
Arc became an independent not-forprofit organization unaffiliated with Carleton University after only a few issues. Christopher Levenson remained the editor until 1988. Arc has published works by significant Canadian poets such as Carol Shields, Don Domanski, Steven Heighton, Di Brandt, Erin Mouré, Diana Brebner, George Elliott Clarke, Robin Skelton, Roo Borson, and Bronwen Wallace.
Arc's mission is to nurture and promote composition and appreciation of poetry in Canada and abroad, with particular but not exclusive emphasis on poetry written by Canadians. In addition to publishing and distributing the work of poets, Arc Poetry Magazine organizes and administers awards, contests, public readings and other events.
The title refers to Michael Gnarowski's idea of "a poetry magazine that would counteract the burgeoning chauvinism, and be open to contributions from all quarters, a magazine that would not espouse Canadian nationalism as such, but would extend an 'arc' to encompass Canadian contributions, while by no means shutting the door on any writer because of his or her background, origins, political or aesthetic affiliations."
== Awards presented by Arc ==
Archibald Lampman Award
Diana Brebner Prize
Poem of the Year Contest
Confederation Poets Prize
Critics' Desk Award
== See also ==
List of literary magazines
== References ==
== External links == | 589,196,458 | 2014-01-04T21:42:42 | Dyawilson/sandbox | 2,014 |
43,736,766 | Infectious Diseases Reference Guide - Created by University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy students for University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy students! | 624,107,511 | 2014-09-04T03:40:26 | USJ-SOP/sandbox | 2,014 |
43,736,767 | ==Welcome to The Wikipedia Adventure!==
:::Hi ! We're so happy you wanted to play to learn, as a friendly and fun way to get into our community and mission. I think these links might be helpful to you as you get started.
::::* The Wikipedia Adventure Start Page
::::* The Wikipedia Adventure Lounge
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::::* Wikipedia Help pages
Wikipedia Adventurer
==Welcome==
Hi Ozana75 - great to see you here! Let me know if you have any Wikipedia questions --Mozucat (talk) (Ann) | 624,150,741 | 2014-09-04T12:32:35 | Ozana75 | 2,014 |
4,021,235 | Kim Jae-shin (born August 30, 1973) is a football player from South Korea.
He was a member of the South Korea U-20 team in the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship and went on to play as a professional in the K-League with the great Suwon Samsung Bluewings side.
== Club career statistics ==
==External links==
1973 births
Living people
Association football defenders
South Korean footballers
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
K League players | 622,180,404 | 2014-08-21T10:47:58 | Kim Jae-shin | 2,014 |
43,736,768 | Slavery | 624,107,393 | 2014-09-04T03:39:15 | Contemporary slavery | 2,014 |
39,190,070 | The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.
The result was speedy deleted per CSD A7 by Jimfbleak. (Non-administrator discussion closure.) Northamerica1000(talk)
===Ballodica===
– (View AfDView log Stats)
()
Fails GNG. Wikipedia is not for things made up one day. Ishdarian
Note: This debate has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. czar · ·
Delete. Makes no effort to establish notability. Fails every point of the GNG. Page creator username is mentioned in the article: self-promotional. czar · ·
Delete Simply fails GNG, and the main contributor seems to have violated COI. ALH (talk)
Delete. I like the idea, but this is not an acceptable article for many reasons including those mentioned above. Iketsi (talk)
Delete Utterly fails GNG. Violates MADEUP. Unfortunately, no applicable CSD criteria. Safiel (talk)
''The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page. | 551,760,962 | 2013-04-23T07:33:01 | Articles for deletion/Ballodica | 2,014 |
43,736,772 | Practicing editing for the second time. | 624,107,519 | 2014-09-04T03:40:33 | Ellen Harvelle/sandbox | 2,014 |
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39,190,071 | Alter Nordfriedhof
Alter Nordfriedhof Munich | 551,699,917 | 2013-04-22T21:47:32 | Burials at the Alter Nordfriedhof (Munich) | 2,014 |
43,736,774 | Being bold is important on Wikipedia. | 624,107,725 | 2014-09-04T03:42:44 | Bulldog53420/be bold | 2,014 |
43,736,775 | Being bold is important on Wikipedia.
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43,736,777 | Baker County, Florida
People by county in Florida | 624,107,607 | 2014-09-04T03:41:23 | People from Baker County, Florida | 2,014 |
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8,502,791 | The Fatah–Hamas conflict (النزاع بين فتح وحماس an-Nizāʿ bayna Fataḥ wa-Ḥamās), also referred to as the Palestinian Civil War ( الحرب الأهلية الفلسطينية al-Ḥarb al-ʾAhliyyah al-Filisṭīnīyyah), is the conflict between the two main Palestinian political factions, Fatah and Hamas, resulting in the split of the Palestinian Authority in 2007. The reconciliation process and unification of Hamas and Fatah administrations has not finalized as of October 2014, despite claimed advances towards unification. The Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizens' Rights has found that more than 600 Palestinians were killed in the fighting from January 2006 to May 2007. Dozens more were killed or executed in the following years as part of the conflict.
Tensions between Fatah and Hamas began to rise in 2005. After the Hamas' legislative victory in 2006, relations were marked by sporadic factional fighting. This became more intense after the two parties repeatedly failed to reach a deal to share government power, escalating in June 2007 and resulting in Hamas' control of the Gaza strip. As of August 2007 the Palestinian Authority became split into two polities, each seeing itself as the true representative of the Palestinian people – the Fatah-ruled Palestinian National Authority and the Hamas Government in Gaza.
The Cairo reconciliation agreement between the parties was signed in May 2011, bringing hopes of reuniting the Fatah-ruled Palestinian National Authority and the Hamas Government in Gaza. The implementation of the agreement however was not executed up until the withdrawal of the Hamas external office from Damascus, due to the Syrian civil war. As a result, the Doha deal was signed by Mahmoud Abbas and Khaled Mashal in 2012. On 1 April 2012, the Doha implementation however was described as "stalling". with no progress on the joint elections scheme. In addition, the Fatah blamed Hamas that its security forces have set up roadblocks and arrested dozens of Fatah members and individuals in Gaza, whom they accused of "spreading rumors". In the aftermath of the Palestinian UN upgrade to observer state status, negotiations resumed in January 2013.
In April 2014 agreement between the two political groups, they agreed to hold elections and form a compromise unity government, with elections to be held in late 2014. As of October 2014, despite formation of "technocratic" unity government in Ramallah and official give-up of Prime-Minister title by the Hamas' Gazan leader Haniye, the groups have not achieved an agreement on authority of the new government in Gaza and elections' date.
==Background==
Since the conclusion of the 1993/1995 Oslo Accords by Israel and the Fatah-dominated PLO, Fatah and Hamas went different ways. While Fatah renounced armed struggle against Israel pursuant to the Oslo Accords, Hamas initiated a long campaign of suicide bombings and other attacks on Israelis. Fatah hoped that agreements with Israel would end the occupation and establish an independent Palestinian state; Hamas opposed the agreements and refused to recognize Israel. The international community wanted the Israeli–Palestinian conflict solved by negotiations and particularly through the 2003 Roadmap for peace; it preferred to support Fatah and reject Hamas joining the Palestinian Authority.
The tensions between Hamas and Fatah began to rise after the death of Fatah leader Yasser Arafat on 11 November 2004. They intensified after Hamas won the elections of 2006 and the international community increased the pressure on the Palestinian Authority.
===2006 elections and Hamas-government===
With the death of Yasser Arafat, the Palestinian Authority was left without a strong leader. Hamas won the 2006 legislative election. As a result of the Hamas led government's refusal to commit to nonviolence, recognition of the state of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements, the states of Israel, the Quartet (United States, Russia, United Nations, and European Union), several Western states, and the Arab states imposed sanctions suspending all foreign aid.
On 25 June 2006, militant groups conducted a cross-border raid into Israel. The Israeli response left Hamas with half its parliamentary bloc and its cabinet ministers in the West Bank in Israeli custody.
===Involvement of Britain, United States, Israel and Arab states===
Documents published in the Palestine Papers reveal that the British intelligence MI6 in 2004, helped draw up a security plan for Fatah-led Palestinian Authority. The plan mentioned as an objective, "encourage and enable the Palestinian Authority (PA) to fully meet its security obligations under Phase 1 of the Roadmap". It proposes a number of ways of "degrading the capabilities of rejectionists", naming Hamas, PIJ (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) and the al-Aqsa Brigades. The plan was described by the Guardian as a "wide-ranging crackdown on Hamas". The supposed plan for a Fatah counter-insurgence against Hamas backfired in June 2006, when Hamas won the 2006 elections.- "the documents reflected a 2003 decision by Tony Blair to tie UK and EU security policy in the West Bank and Gaza to a US-led "counter-insurgency surge" against Hamas – which backfired when the Islamists won the 2006 elections".
Several sources speak of considerable involvement by the US, Israel and Arab states, after Hamas announced the formation of its own security service, the Executive Force, which was denounced by Mahmoud Abbas as unconstitutional. The Presidential Guard of Mahmoud Abbas was enlarged and equipped, and its members trained by the US, Egypt and Jordan Also, a PLC council member for Hamas, Anwar Zaboun, believes that ″Mohammed Dahlan had a big plan to remove the roots of Hamas, the resistance, in Gaza and the West Bank″.- ″In terms of the reconciliation, I know there is a veto from the United States of America and the European Union. There is pressure.″
According to the IISS, the June 2007 escalation was triggered by Hamas' conviction that the PA's Presidential Guard, loyal to Mahmoud Abbas, was being positioned to take control of Gaza. The US had helped build up the Presidential Guard to 3,500 men since August 2006. The US committed $59 million for training and non-lethal equipment for the Presidential Guard, and persuaded Arab allies to fund the purchase of further weapons. Israel, too, allowed light arms to flow to members of the Presidential Guard. Jordan and Egypt hosted at least two battalions for training.
==Timeline==
===Struggle for power after 2006 elections===
====March 2006 to December 2006: rise of tensions====
Following the elections, Hamas announced the formation of its own security service, the Executive Force, appointing Jamal abu Samhadana, a prominent militant, at its head. Abbas had denounced the move as unconstitutional, saying that only the Palestinian president could command armed forces.
The period from March to December 2006 was marked by tensions when Palestinian Authority commanders affiliated to Fatah refused to take orders from the Hamas-led Palestinian Authority government. Tensions further grew between the two Palestinian factions after they failed to reach a deal to share government power. On 15 December, Abbas called for a Palestinian general election. Hamas challenged the legality of holding an early election, maintaining its right to hold the full term of its democratically elected offices. Hamas characterized this as an attempted Fatah coup by Abbas, using undemocratic means to overthrow the results of a democratically elected government.
====December 2006 to January 2007====
On 15 December 2006, fighting broke out in the West Bank after Palestinian National Security Forces fired on a Hamas rally in Ramallah. At least 20 people were wounded in the clashes, which came shortly after Fatah troops loyal to Muhammed Dahlan attempted to assassinate Ismail Haniya, the Palestinian prime minister. Intense factional fighting continued throughout December 2006 and January 2007 in the Gaza Strip.
After of month in which factional fighting left 33 people dead. President Mahmoud Abbas attempted to incorporated Hamas-led Executive Force into the security apparatus loyal to the president. Hamas rejected Abbas' order, instead announced plans to double the size of its force. On 6 January 2007, Abbas outlawed the Executive Force and ordered its disbandment. Fightings erupted until a cease-fire on 30 January. The dueling announcements raised the prospect of an intensified armed standoff. Abbas's only means of enforcing the order appeared to be coercive action by police and security units under his command, but they are relatively weak in the Gaza Strip, Hamas's stronghold.
====February to April 2007====
Fierce fightings took place after Hamas killed 6 people on 1 February in an ambush on a Gaza convoy which delivered equipment for Abbas' Palestinian Presidential Guard, according to diplomats, meant to counter smuggling of more powerful weapons into Gaza by Hamas for its fast-growing "Executive Force". According to Hamas, the deliveries to the Presidential Guard were intended to instigate sedition (against Hamas), while withholding money and assistance from the Palestinian people.
On 8 February 2007, The Saudi-brokered initiative in Mecca produced agreement on a Palestinian national unity government signed by Fatah and Hamas leaders. The agreement included measures to end the internecine violence. The unity government was formed on 17 March. However, it would struggle to resolve the two most pressing issues it faces an economic crisis and a collapse of security in Gaza. However, minor incidents continued through March and April 2007. More than 90 people were killed in these first months.
====May 2007====
In mid-May 2007, clashes erupted once again in the streets of Gaza. In less than 18 days, more than 50 Palestinians were killed. Leaders of both parties tried to stop the fighting by calling dozens of truces, but none of them held for longer than a few days.
By most accounts, Hamas performed better than Fatah in the second round of fighting. Some attribute this to the discipline and better training of Hamas's fighters as most of the casualties were from the Fatah faction.
===June 2007: split of government===
Throughout 10 and 15 June of fighting Hamas took control of the main north–south road and the coastal road. and removed Fatah officials. The ICRC estimated that at least 118 people were killed and more than 550 wounded during the fighting in the week up to June 15. Human Rights Watch accused both sides with violations of international humanitarian law. Including the targeting and killing of civilians, public executions of political opponents and captives, throwing prisoners off high-rise apartment buildings, fighting in hospitals, and shooting from a jeep marked with "TV" insignias. The International Committee of the Red Cross has denounced attacks in and around two hospitals in the northern part of the Gaza strip. The Israeli government closed all check-points on the borders of Gaza in response to the violence.
On June 14, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas announced the dissolution of the current unity government and the declaration of a state of emergency. Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniya was dismissed, and Abbas began to rule Gaza and the West Bank by presidential decree. Hamas spokesman Sami Abu Zuhri responded by declaring that President Abbas's decision was "in practical terms ... worthless," asserting that Haniya "remains the head of the government even if it was dissolved by the president".
Nathan Brown of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace commented that under the 2003 Palestinian Constitution Abbas clearly had the right to declare a state of emergency and dismiss the prime minister but the state of emergency could continue only for 30 days. After that it would need to be renewed by the (Hamas-dominated) Legislative Council, which also constrained the breadth of his emergency powers. Neither Hamas nor Fatah had enough votes to form a new government under the constitution. The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights condemned Hamas' "decision to resolve the conflict militarily" but argued that "steps taken by President Mahmoud Abbas in response to these events violate the Basic Law and undermine the Basic Law in a manner that is no less dangerous."
On June 15, Abbas appointed Salam Fayyad as prime minister and gave him the task of forming a new government.
The attacks of Hamas gunmen against Fatah security forces in the Gaza Strip resulted in a reaction of Fatah gunmen against Hamas institutions in the West Bank. Although Hamas's numbers were greater in the Gaza Strip, Fatah forces were greater in the West Bank.
The West Bank had its first casualty when the bullet-riddled body of a Hamas militant was found in Nablus, sparking the fear that Fatah would use its advantage in the West Bank for retaliation against its members' deaths in the Gaza Strip On the same day, Hamas also declared that it was in full control of Gaza, a claim denied by Abbas.
On June 16, a Fatah-linked militant group, the al-Aqsa Martyr's Brigades, stormed the Hamas-controlled parliament based in Ramallah in the West Bank. This act, including the ransack of the ministry of education, was seen as a reaction to similar looting occurring following Hamas' military success in Gaza.
On June 20, Hamas leader Mahmoud Zahar declared that if Fatah continued to try to uproot Hamas in the West Bank, it could lead to Fatah's downfall there as well. He would not deny when asked that Hamas resistance against Fatah would take the form of attacks and suicide bombings similar to those that Hamas has used against Israel in the past.
===Separate Gaza and West Bank governments===
====October to November 2007: renewed clashes====
On 17 October, clashes erupted in eastern Gaza between Hamas security forces and members of the powerful Heles clan (Fatah-affiliated), leaving up to two dead on both sides. Fatah and Hamas officials gave conflicting accounts of what caused the fighting but the dispute seems to have originated when Hamas officials demanded that the clan return a governmental car. Another gun battle on October 20 killed one member of the clan and a 13-year-old boy. During the same day, in Rafah, one woman was killed and eight people were injured when Hamas security members traded fire with Islamic Jihad activists. Two days later, 7 more Palestinians were killed in the internal fighting, including some Hamas militants and a Palestinian Islamic Jihad militant.
On 12 November, a large demonstration dedicated to the memory of late Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat was organized by Fatah in Gaza City. With over 200,000 participants, this was the largest Fatah demonstration in the Gaza Strip since the Hamas takeover. The demonstration was forcibly dispersed by Hamas gunmen, who fired into the crowd. At least six civilians were killed and over 80 people were injured, some from being trampled in the resulting stampede. The smaller militant group Islamic Jihad, whose members have clashed with Hamas several times, condemned the shootings.
====2008–2009====
On 1 January 2008, at least eight people died in factional fighting in the Gaza Strip.
On 31 May 2009, six people were killed as Palestinian Authority and Hamas forces clashed in Qalqilya. Ethan Bronner described the fighting as an indication "that the Palestinian unity needed for creation of a state is far off." According to Barakat al-Farra, the PLO ambassador in Cairo, the Egyptian US-backed el-Sisi regime, which annually receives some $1.5 billion military aid from the US, will keep the Rafah border crossing closed, until forces loyal to Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas have regained control. A Hamas official accused the PA leadership of playing a major role in enforcing the blockade of the Gaza Strip.
==Reconciliation attempts==
Since Hamas' takeover of the Gaza Strip in 2007, numerous reconciliation attempts are made. Despite a number of agreements, those attempts have not been successful. Israel and major parts of the international community, notably the United States have effectively opposed reconciliation."Carter said reconciliation between Hamas and Fatah, the faction led by Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president, had been 'objected to and obstructed by the US and Israel'". Israel consistenly argues that Hamas wants to destroy Israel, referring to the 1988 Hamas Covenant and ignoring the present more moderate Hamas striving for an independent Palestinian state within the 1967-borders.
In 2009, Benjamin Netanyahu said that Israel would never make peace with Hamas and ″cannot accept Hamas as a negotiating partner″. In 2011, he ruled out a peace agreement, if Fatah and Hamas would reconcile. He said: ″The PA must choose either peace with Israel or peace with Hamas. There is no possibility for peace with both″ and ″How can you talk to us about peace when you're talking about peace with Hamas. You can choose peace with Israel or you can choose peace with Hamas″. An Israeli official declared that Israel would cut its ties with the Palestinian Authority if it brought Hamas into its government.
In September 2013, Abbas admitted that he was under pressure from the US and Israel not to achieve unity with Hamas."Abbas said that he was under pressure from the US and Israel not to achieve unity with Hamas." PLC council member for Hamas Anwar Zaboun said that both USA and EU maintain a veto on the reconciliation.
===During the Battle of Gaza (2007)===
Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement was signed between Fatah and Hamas in the city of Mecca on February 8, 2007 after eight days of talks, agreeing to stop the military clashes in the Gaza Strip and form a government of national unity.
===Early attempts (2008–2010)===
On March 23, 2008, Hamas and Fatah signed an agreement in Sana'a, Yemen that amounted to a reconciliation deal. It called for a return of the Gaza Strip to the pre-June 2007 situation, though this has not happened. On November 8, 2008, Palestinian reconciliation talks due to be held in Cairo were called off on Saturday after Hamas announced a boycott in protest at the detention of hundreds of its members by president Mahmoud Abbas's security forces.
Hamas and Fatah, among other Palestinian groups, held talks aimed at reconciling rival factions for the first time in two years in February 2010. In March 2010, on the Doha Debates television show, representatives of Fatah and Hamas discussed the future of the Palestinian leadership.
After six rounds of reconciliation talks that resulted in failure, in early September 2010, Cairo did put forward a new document. The document envisioned general elections to be held in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in the first half of 2010, a reform of Palestinian security services under the Egyptian control and the release of political prisoners by both factions. The agreement was however stalled due to "inappropriate conditions."
===April 2011 Cairo agreement===
On April 27, 2011, representatives of the two factions announced an agreement, mediated by Egypt, to form a joint caretaker government, with presidential and legislative elections to be held in 2012.
On May 4, 2011 at a ceremony in Cairo the agreement was formally signed by the Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas and Hamas leader Khaled Meshal. The accord provided ground for forming a "transitional" government of technocrats to prepare for legislative and presidential elections to the Palestinian Authority in one year. It also permitted the entry of Hamas into the Palestine Liberation Organization and holding of elections to its Palestine National Council decision-making body. The Palestinian Authority was to continue to handle security in the West Bank, as does Hamas in Gaza Strip. They were aimed to form a joint security committee to decide on future security arrangements.
Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu called the accord "a mortal blow to peace and a big prize for terror." The United States said that it would judge the new Palestinian government by its policies and that it would have to recognize Israel, accept previous agreements with it and renounce violence. Khaled Meshal said that Hamas was prepared to work with Fatah to guide both Palestinian diplomacy and "resistance in all its forms" and that Hamas shared the goal of establishing "a Palestinian state, independent and completely sovereign, on the lands of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, with its capital, Jerusalem, without a single settler, without conceding a single inch and without conceding the right of return" of Palestinian refugees to their former homes in Israel.
In June 2011, following the unity accord, negotiations proceeded regarding the formation of a unity government. Among the issues discussed were recognition of Israel, security, governance, relations with the West, and economic policy. Hamas had initially indicated that it wished to remain out of governance to focus on the more social work it conducted prior to its 2006 ascendancy, but it later retracted this statement. Negotiations were derailed over the issue of who would assume the position of Prime Minister, after Hamas rejected the appointment of current Palestinian Authority PM Salam Fayyad.
In 2011, Commission for Human Rights (ICHR), observed that "due to the failure of the reconciliation efforts between Fatah and Hamas throughout 2010, and the ongoing internal political division, the Palestinians in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have been the main victims of the political dispute between both combatant parties," the report observed. Noting the "overwhelming majority" of prisoners being political prisoners as well as "delayed, circumvented or ignored rulings by Palestinian court" and "rise in torture allegations from the previous year". Both groups nevertheless expressed willingness to tackle the issue of political prisoners as a gesture of goodwill. Hamas spokesman Taher al-Nunu said the group would grant amnesty to some 30 Fatah-affiliated political prisoners held after the group took over the Gaza Strip in 2007. Fatah's Sha'ath, also speaking in Gaza, said preparations were underway to release dozens of Hamas prisoners being held in the West Bank.
===February 2012 Doha agreement===
The Doha deal, signed by Mahmoud Abbas and Khaled Mashal in February 2012, was described as a step forward in the stalled implementation of the Palestinian reconciliation agreement, signed in Cairo in April 2011.
In March 2012, Mahmoud Abbas stated that there were no political differences between Hamas and Fatah as they had reached agreement on a joint political platform and on a truce with Israel. Commenting on relations with Hamas, Abbas revealed in an interview with Al-Jazeera that "We agreed that the period of calm would be not only in the Gaza Strip, but also in the West Bank," adding that "We also agreed on a peaceful popular resistance , the establishment of a Palestinian state along the 1967 borders and that the peace talks would continue if Israel halted settlement construction and accepted our conditions."
On April 1, The reconciliation implementation however was described as "stalling", with no progress on the joint elections scheme. In addition, the Fatah blamed Hamas that its security forces have set up roadblocks and arrested dozens of Fatah members and individuals in Gaza, whom they accused of "spreading rumors." In a letter to Binyamin Netanyahu in April 2012, Abbas expressed his regret that Israeli continued to oppose a reconciliation.
===May 2012 Cairo accord===
On May 2012, Hamas and Fatah signed a further agreement in Cairo for new unity government and implementation of Palestinian elections, three and a half months after the Doha agreement. The new Cairo agreement essentially took steps to carry out the previous Doha agreement, particularly the registering of new voters in the Gaza Strip and the formation of an interim government.
===Following upgrade of Palestine in UN===
In December 2012, in the aftermath of the UN status upgrade of the State of Palestine and the conflict in Gaza, calls for a unified Palestinian front have increased and the political leaders of Hamas and Fatah took several steps to reconcile their differences. In a televised address, PA President Mahmoud Abbas stressed that talks with Hamas would immediately follow the Palestinians' bid to upgrade their status at the UN General Assembly—an effort that succeeded. On 13 December, Fatah allowed Hamas to hold its first rally in the West bank since 2007, and on 4 January 2013, Hamas reciprocated by allowing Fatah supporters to hold a rally in Gaza for the first time since the civil war. On 9 January, it was announced that Khaled Meshaal and Mahmoud Abbas were holding renewed reconciliation talks in Cairo led by Egyptian president Mohammed Morsi.
===April 2014 Gaza agreement===
On 23 April 2014, Fatah and Hamas announced a new reconciliation agreement which would see a unity government formed within five weeks, ahead of a presidential and parliamentary election within six months. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas said the reconciliation deal did not contradict their commitment to peace with Israel on the basis of a two-state solution.
On 2 June 2014, President Abbas swore in the new technocratic unity government, headed by the incumbent PM, Rami Hamdallah. The Israeli PM, Benjamin Netanyahu, said that world leaders should not rush to recognise the new government, calling Hamas a terrorist organisation that is committed to the destruction of Israel. The Palestinian PM's office issued a statement denouncing Netanyahu's words as intended to continue Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories.
====West Bank plot====
In the midst of negotiations to resolve the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, the Shin Bet revealed an alleged plot by Hamas to depose Fatah rule in the West Bank. This would be achieved by deploying Hamas cells around the West Bank to incite a third intifada and overwhelm Palestinian Authority forces. More than 90 people were arrested. President Abbas said the plot was "a grave threat to the unity of the Palestinian people and its future."
==See also==
Fitna
Hamastan
List of wars 2003–2010
Palestinian political violence
List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
==References==
==External links==
Hamas vs. Fatah: The Struggle for Palestine, by Jonathan Schanzer (2008)
"Analysis on the Legality of New PA Elections"
"Palestinian factions 'agree deal'"
"Abbas insists will hold elections"
"Review by the Reut Institute: Hamas Consolidates; Fatah Disoriented"
Shock, awe and dread Details on methods Hamas used to suppress opposition, by Avi Issacharoff, Haaretz 06.28.07
Frustration over Ramallah violence
Palestinian rivals: Fatah & Hamas
No agreement in Palestinian talks
"PA unity deal a disaster" Secular Palestinians surrender to religious fanaticism in Mecca deal, by Ray Hanania, Ynetnews 02.15.07
Gaza on the Verge of Civil War Andrew Lee Butters, Time May 14, 2007
Q&A: Gaza's civil war Mark Tran, The Guardian May 14, 2007
'It's dangerous inside and out.' By Ibrahim Barzak, reporter's account of a nerve-racking day in Gaza City during factional fighting, Associated Press May 17, 2007
Gunning in Gaza The Economist print edition, May 17, 2007
Sacrificing the Palestinian struggle Article by Israeli journalist Amira Hass June 14, 2007
A selection of links and news concerning the Palestinian Basic Law
Civil wars post-1945 | 638,953,747 | 2014-12-20T20:51:44 | Fatah–Hamas conflict | 2,014 |
4,021,237 | ==Untitled==
Why would you remove "legendary"? It's not like it's controversial. That might not have the right ring, but there should be something that indicates the Stanleys were not just A bluegrass band, but one of the most influential of all time.
BZFGT
Carter Stanley is not "legendary"; he was a historical person, not part of a legend. If you feel that the Stanley Brothers were one of the most influential bluegrass bands, put that in the article (be sure to cite someone). For example, membership in the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor. Cmadler | 515,130,374 | 2012-09-29T10:28:35 | Carter Stanley | 2,014 |
43,736,778 | Being bold is important on Wikipedia.
bold | 624,107,781 | 2014-09-04T03:43:28 | Rdusan1/be bold | 2,014 |
43,736,779 | == Welcome to Wikipedia! ==
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== ToQger RULES! ==
I hate people who say "ToQger sucks balls" and stuff. It is the best show ever! Okay, so we might have a girly guy as the leader, but that ain't draggin down my love for the series, right? If anyone needs me, i'm checking on my Peacock section on the Logo Of NBC talk page. | 634,055,130 | 2014-11-16T09:00:19 | 118.209.89.128 | 2,014 |
39,190,074 | == April 2013 ==
Your addition to Daniel Ochoa has been removed, as it appears to have added copyrighted material to Wikipedia without permission from the copyright holder. If you are the copyright holder, please read Donating copyrighted materials for more information on uploading your material to Wikipedia. For legal reasons, Wikipedia cannot accept copyrighted text, or images borrowed from other websites, or printed material without a verifiable license; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites or publications as a source of information, but not as a source of article content, such as sentences or images—you must write using your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. Copyvio www.daniel-ochoa.de/vita-2/ Karl 334 Talk
Hello Karl 334,
I don't can write too much english, but I tried it again. Is it better now?
I will try to find out another photo...
Thank you for your help and please excuse, I can't do it better because my english is not so good... (you can see it for yourself! :-))--Konzertfreundin (talk) | 551,763,726 | 2013-04-23T08:07:24 | Konzertfreundin | 2,014 |
43,736,782 | Being bold is important on Wikipedia.
=references=
Being bold is important on Wikipedia. | 624,108,004 | 2014-09-04T03:46:13 | Skylerd23/citations | 2,014 |
19,270,829 | Silvina Bullrich (October 4, 1915 – July 2, 1990) was a best-selling Argentine novelist, as well as a translator, screenwriter, critic, and academic. She was known in Argentina as la gran burguesa ("the great bourgeois lady").
==Life and work==
Silvina Bullrich was born to María Laura Meyrelles de Bullrich and to Rafael Bullrich (1877–1944), a distinguished Argentine cardiologist and Dean of the School of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires. The second of three sisters, she was raised in a privileged background; despite the conservative Dr. Bullrich's disapproval, her mother occupied her free time introducing her daughters to classic literature and, unhappily married, frequently traveled with them to Paris, where Silvina's paternal grandfather had been a diplomat. She was unable to pursue a university diploma, but received a diploma in French language studies from the Buenos Aires Alliance Française.
She married Arturo Palenque in 1936 and had one son. Devoting herself to writing, she contributed literary reviews to La Nación (then Argentina's most-widely circulated daily) and in 1939, had a collection of poems (Vibraciones) and Calles de Buenos Aires ("Streets of Buenos Aires") published in Atlántida magazine. Befriending renowned writers Adolfo Bioy Casares and Jorge Luis Borges, in 1945 she collaborated with the latter in a collection of prose titled Los compadritos ("The Poseurs"). These early years in Bullrich's career were accompanied by a difficult phase in her life. Her husband, a lawyer aligned with Argentina's influential conservative Catholics, was not a good provider and this, coupled with his disapproval of his wife's work, led to their divorce in 1946. Bullrich also lost her father, elder sister and paternal grandmother during this interim, the latter two of whom she was particularly close with. These experiences were likewise reflected in much of her work, which continued to set young ladies brought up in comfortable circumstances against prolonged, unhappy relationships and relative penury.
This was first evident in Historia de un silencio ("History of a Silent Moment"); the 1949 novel, set in the popular weekend destination of Tigre and written from a man's perspective, secured her reputation in the Argentine literary scene. Her Bodas de cristal ("Crystal Jubilee," 1951) and Telefono ocupado ("Busy Signal," 1956) continued showing her preference for detailing private moments and for allowing her characters to criticize male chauvinism or a weak character in women privately and in thought. "Crystal Jubilee" was also her first commercial success and coincided with her marriage to Marcelo Dupont, a happy interlude in her life which ended with his losing his battle with a sudden cancer in 1956.
Silvina Bullrich was awarded the Municipal Literary Prize for El hechicero ("The Sorcerer") and Un momento muy largo ("A Lasting Moment") in 1961. She taught French literature at the National University of La Plata, and in 1962 invited to adapt French author Guy des Cars' novel Les Filles de joie ("Daughters of Happiness") into an Argentine film version; "A Lasting Moment" was likewise adapted into film with Bullrich's script in 1964. That year, she ventured into her first work dealing with social problems in Argentina, Los burgueses ("The Bourgeoisie"), which sold about 60,000 copies in Argentina and was translated into several languages;
Several of her other novels sold around 100,000 copies. Her Mañana digo basta ("Tomorrow I'll Say, Enough!") was likewise hailed as a compelling feminist argument following its 1968 publication; El mundo que yo vi ("The World I Saw," 1969) was a well-received account of her extensive travels through Europe and Asia; and her Los pasajeros del jardín ("Wanderers in the Garden"), a sentimental account of her marriage with Marcelo Dupont, earned her a National Literary Prize in 1972. Her continued success led to a 1975 film adaptation of her novel "Crystal Jubilee," for which she wrote the screenplay. Continuing to write as a means of exposing deep-seated national problems, she published an indictment of Argentina's cumbersome and often corrupt judicial system in Será justicia ("There Will Be Justice," a protocol closing phrase found in all legal briefs in Argentina). Published in 1976, this work coincided with the advent of Argentina's brutal last dictatorship and was the last of Bullrich's acclaimed works. She thereafter limited herself to less controversial novels (without abandoning her feminist points of view) and her memoirs, published in 1980.
Bullrich translated Les filles de joie for the screen, as well as Argentine editions of works by Simone de Beauvoir, Beatrix Beck, Graham Greene, Louis Jouvet, and George Sand (about whom she also wrote a biography in 1946). She contributed to an acclaimed 1984 documentary, Eva Perón: quien quiera oír que oiga ("Listen if You Want"); while not a Peronist, Bullrich's commentary highlighted the late first lady's significance to the role of women in Argentina. Remaining close to her friend and former collaborator, Jorge Luis Borges, Bullrich visited him shortly before his death in Geneva in 1986, and published her last work, La bicicleta, that year. A commentary on the country's recent financial crisis, "the bicycle" is also a slang term in Argentina analogous to "robbing Peter to pay Paul." A long-time smoker, she developed lung cancer and soon herself relocated to Geneva, seeking specialized medical care; Silvina Bullrich died there in 1990. She was buried in the Jardín de Paz cemetery in Pilar, Buenos Aires.
==Bibliography==
Cócaro, Nicolás. Silvina Bullrich. Ediciones Culturales Argentinas, 1979.
Frouman-Smith, Erica. Spanish American Women Writers: Silvina Bullrich. Marting, Diane (editor). Greenwood Publishing Group, 1990.
==References==
1915 births
1990 deaths
Argentine people of German descent
People from Buenos Aires
Argentine novelists
Argentine screenwriters
Argentine translators
University of La Plata faculty
Argentine feminists
Women translators
20th-century women writers
20th-century translators
20th-century novelists | 635,974,482 | 2014-11-30T02:08:09 | Silvina Bullrich | 2,014 |
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