Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: If that sphere were then covered in water, the water would not be the same height everywhere.
Tamasheq: A fal akal islăn ti aman , aman war he ikkrišăn iddikud n izuk olahăn daɣ edag fuk
English: This is why many handheld GPS receivers have built-in undulation lookup tables to determine the height above sea level.
Tamasheq: Awen daɣ as GPS Receiver tan ajjotnen win ifassăn ilan tabel n amătikwi tisalmadat iddikud n izuk n ejjărew
English: The first products based on GOCE satellite data became available online in June 2010, through the European Space Agency (ESA)’s Earth observation user services tools.
Tamasheq: Isuj wi azzărnen ijjanen fal Satelit GOCE iwarăn iternet daɣ ayor wan awzem wan darăt n awatay wan 2010 s European Space Agency (ESA) isuj win timăšɣulen tin akayăd n amadăl
English: The geoid is a particular equipotential surface, and is somewhat involved to compute.
Tamasheq: Geoid eqqal arori n iman net ogdahăn tolas s edag iyyan eha medănan
English: A globe is a spherical model of Earth, of some other celestial body, or of the celestial sphere.
Tamasheq: Globe eqqal išikil n amadăl ilan taɣissa n išinnăwan meɣ n akal
English: A model globe of the celestial sphere is called a celestial globe.
Tamasheq: Iššikil n globe wan akal eqqal globe wan išinnăwan
English: It might show nations and major cities and the network of latitude and longitude lines.
Tamasheq: Addobat asukni n addawla tan d iɣirman măqqornen d rezo wan tăhrike d iyaka tan tin tiššijrit
English: Typically, it will also divide the celestial sphere into constellations.
Tamasheq: Ad uzan akal wan išinnăwan s edag n etran
English: The first known mention of a globe is from Strabo, describing the Globe of Crates from about 150 BC.
Tamasheq: Isim n globe wa ezzăran Strabo imălan samălan n globe wan Crates ɣur awătay wan 150 data annabi ɣisa
English: Many globes are made with a circumference of one metre, so they are models of the Earth at a scale of 1:40 million.
Tamasheq: Globe tan ajjotnen iknan s tajjililwayt n aɣil iyyan daɣ awen aqqălan iššikilăn n amadal fal 1:40 n milyon daɣ afiltăɣ
English: Most modern globes are also imprinted with parallels and meridians, so that one can tell the approximate coordinates of a specific location.
Tamasheq: Ijjit n Globe tan wi daɣ išraynen izjaran Parallel tan d meridian tan har addobăt ad ellaɣăt awădim coordinate tan n edag a eqqal
English: Early terrestrial globes depicting the entirety of the Old World were constructed in the Islamic world.
Tamasheq: Globe n akal wi azzărnen dallăj nen tumast n alɣălim wa eru wan idayăn daɣ alɣălim wan inaslimăn
English: Behaim was a German mapmaker, navigator, and merchant.
Tamasheq: Behaim eqqal aw kărti tan n Germany, amassăkul fal aman d almusăbbib
English: Before constructing the globe, Behaim had traveled extensively.
Tamasheq: Darat edey wan Globe, Behaim assekal hullan
English: Another early globe, the Hunt–Lenox Globe, ca.
Tamasheq: Globe iyyan n tizarat , Hunt-Lenox, ca
English: It may be the oldest globe to show the New World.
Tamasheq: Addobat as eqqal globe wa ezzăran isiknan alɣălim wa eynăyan
English: A facsimile globe showing America was made by Martin Waldseemueller in 1507.
Tamasheq: Globe it iw asăgbar an isaknin Amrik ikne Martin Waldseemueller ɣur awatay wan 1507
English: Globus IMP, electro-mechanical devices including five-inch globes have been used in Soviet and Russian spacecraft from 1961 to 2002 as navigation instruments.
Tamasheq: Globus IMP, isuj n elektro-mekanik ahan sammosăt tikwitta n alɣulăm tan exdam nat daɣ Soviet d Spacecraft wan Russia ɣur awătay wan 1961 2002 as aqqălan imutaj n asikil fal amăn
English: This method of globe making was illustrated in 1802 in an engraving in The English Encyclopedia by George Kearsley .
Tamasheq: Aɣinni wen n globe ikna uktăb ti George Kearsley daɣ Encyclopedia tan Tăngilist ɣur awătay wan 1802
English: This is placed in a machine which molds the disk into a hemispherical shape.
Tamasheq: Awen insa daɣ măršin ta ɣannit disk daɣ išikil wan akal
English: These globes were “enormous” and very costly.
Tamasheq: Globe tan win iknan “tamɣare” d assahat hullan
English: The latter has a Soviet bullet hole through Germany.
Tamasheq: Wan ušray ila alkurra timbăjat har Germany
English: A great circle, also known as an orthodrome, of a sphere is the intersection of the sphere and a plane that passes through the center point of the sphere.
Tamasheq: Tajililwăyt maqqorat s isim net Orthodrome , tilat arori eqqălan wan tămuqqest n arori d abyon tikinen daɣ ammas n titbăqet tan arori
English: This special case of a circle of a sphere is in opposition to a small circle, that is, the intersection of the sphere and a plane that does not pass through the center.
Tamasheq: Alxălat ten n iman net n tajililwăyt tan arori taqqal a imlăllăyan fal tajililwăyt andarrat awen edag n tămuqqest n arori d abyon war n tiki daɣ ammas
English: The exception is a pair of antipodal points, for which there are infinitely many great circles.
Tamasheq: Iban tilat timos titbăqqa s ti illanăt tijililwăyen ajjotnen măqqornen
English: The length of the minor arc of a great circle is taken as the distance between two points on a surface of a sphere in Riemannian geometry where such great circles are called Riemannian circles.
Tamasheq: Tiššijrit n tišangăy andarrat n tajililwăyt maqqorat tăqqal ujjij wa jir sanătat titbăqqa fal arori n akal daɣ tagămšak tan Riemannian s tijililwăyen tin măqqornen ismawan nasnat tijililwăyen tin Riemannian
English: Another great circle is the one that divides the land and water hemispheres.
Tamasheq: Tajililwăyt iyyat maqqorăt taqqal ta tazunăt hemisphere tan wan akal d aman
English: In cartography, a map projection is a way to flatten a globe's surface into a plane in order to make a map.
Tamasheq: Daɣ kartogrăfi, akayad n karti eqqal ebarid i asăssigdi n arori wan globe daɣ i ijji n karti
English: Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore, different map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties.
Tamasheq: Daɣ ittus n karti, ifruɣan iyyad ilan atwăɣbil iyyad kala; adiš , isukni tan izlaynen n karti illan ti ag-az n tilaten šund tin akăl daɣ ti yădnen
English: Projections are a subject of several pure mathematical fields, including differential geometry, projective geometry, and manifolds.
Tamasheq: Isukni tan eqqălan šund tiwigăst n matematik ɣas fla ijja aduwinni eha tagămšaɣt n uzlay, tagamšaɣt n akayăd d tigursăyen
English: Rather, any mathematical function that transforms coordinates from the curved surface distinctly and smoothly to the plane is a projection.
Tamasheq: Titbăqqet n matemătik fuk ta tisimuttiyăt coordinate tan fal arori ifrăɣan war n ola d sollăn s abyon eqqal asukni
English: The Earth and other large celestial bodies are generally better modeled as oblate spheroids, whereas small objects such as asteroids often have irregular shapes.
Tamasheq: Amadăl d tiɣiswen n išinnăwan măqqornen iknănat uɣna šund Oblate Spheroid tan as ijja awen harătan fuk wi mădroynen šund asteroid tan ilan alwăqqan iyyan erk iššikil
English: Because the curved Earth's surface is not isometric to a plane, preservation of shapes inevitably leads to a variable scale and, consequently, non-proportional presentation of areas.
Tamasheq: Fal as arori n amdal ikrambay war eqqel a ogdahan id abyon , aɣalas n iššikilan itiwi s esăssar izlăyan d aɣălas war n ogdah i idăgan
English: The purpose of the map determines which projection should form the base for the map.
Tamasheq: aIttus n karti isalmăd iššikil n akăăyad as inhajja ad eqqil tănittawt i karti
English: Data sets are geographic information; their collection depends on the chosen datum (model) of the Earth.
Tamasheq: Isug n Data aqqălan isalan n jografia ; asidu nasan ilkăm i datum n amădal wa innufrănan
English: Like Tissot's indicatrix, the Goldberg-Gott indicatrix is based on infinitesimals, and depicts flexion and skewness (bending and lopsidedness) distortions.
Tamasheq: šund Tissot’s Indicatrix, Goldberg-Gott Indicatrix ijja fal infinitesimals d adaloj n akrămbi d iban tigdăht n tuzant ( akrămbi d anamijar ) ikrămbiyan
English: Sometimes spherical triangles are used.
Tamasheq: Alwăqqan iyyad tegămšaken ijjanen iššikil n akal a axdămnen
English: Another way to visualize local distortion is through grayscale or color gradations whose shade represents the magnitude of the angular deformation or areal inflation.
Tamasheq: Immik iyyan i akăyad akrămbi war i tij ar s grayscale megh isuftăn n dumu tan s telay nasan taha edan n tahrike n amkrămbi n tasăjja meɣ tiw-at s tiditt
English: Because the Earth's actual shape is irregular, information is lost in this step.
Tamasheq: Fal as dumu wan amădal war izzukăt , isalan tisugilăn daɣ tikkelt en daɣ
English: To compare, one cannot flatten an orange peel without tearing and warping it.)
Tamasheq: War addobat awădim asigdăh n harat wir daɣ ikyed dihen isammăsulɣilt)
English: Tangent means the surface touches but does not slice through the globe; secant means the surface does slice through the globe.
Tamasheq: Tangent t imos arori wa ewad edes mušam war it uzan globe ; secant imos arori war it uzan globe
English: If these lines are a parallel of latitude, as in conical projections, it is called a standard parallel.
Tamasheq: A fal iyaka tan win aqqălan animallal nat daɣ tăhrike šund conical projections, isim net anmillal war n akrămbay
English: This applies for any cylindrical or pseudocylindrical projection in normal aspect.
Tamasheq: Awen ijja i akayăd n silindir meɣ pseudocylindrical daɣ ašrut
English: Scale is constant along all straight lines radiating from a particular geographic location.
Tamasheq: Asuj eqqal a ilan iyak tan war n timutti daɣ edag n jografia
English: Whether spherical or ellipsoidal, the principles discussed hold without loss of generality.
Tamasheq: Jir ɣas n akal wala n ellipsoid, išširitan fal ijja majrad daɣ as war tassujal awa idutten
English: The ellipsoidal model is commonly used to construct topographic maps and for other large- and medium-scale maps that need to accurately depict the land surface.
Tamasheq: Iššikil n ellipsoid exdăm harkuk daɣ edey n kărti tan n dumu tan d samălan n karti tan d karti tan maqqornen d n ammas arhănen adaloj n arori n akal
English: Compared to the best fitting ellipsoid, a geoidal model would change the characterization of important properties such as distance, conformality and equivalence.
Tamasheq: Daɣ asigdah net id ellipsoid wa ilan ijuš wa ofan,iššikil n geoid itimutti daɣ samalan n tilaten šund ujij ,aqqad d tilat
English: For irregular planetary bodies such as asteroids, however, sometimes models analogous to the geoid are used to project maps from.
Tamasheq: Tiɣiswen fal akal war n azzukkăt šund asteroid tan, hak id ijja awen, alwaqqan iyyad iššikilăn olahnen id geoid tawăxdăman i asukni n karti tan
English: The projections are described in terms of placing a gigantic surface in contact with the Earth, followed by an implied scaling operation.
Tamasheq: Isukni tan iffisăran daɣ asidis n arori maqqorăn al amădal s tilkăm tamăšɣult n asuj
English: Where the light source emanates along the line described in this last constraint is what yields the differences between the various "natural" cylindrical projections.
Tamasheq: “Edag wa id ifal efew daɣ edes n iyaka iktăban daɣ tsibdăt tan darat awa id it iruwăn uzlayan jir isukni tan ijjan igimšătnen”
English: This cylinder is wrapped around the Earth, projected onto, and then unrolled.
Tamasheq: Silindir wen ilsa amădal , it aw akayad fal at dihen ammera
English: North-south distances neither stretched nor compressed (1): equirectangular projection or "plate carrée".
Tamasheq: “ujijan win tamasna-daɣ-agala kala war annărkabăn wala isesan (1) akayad ogdăhan meɣ ““plate carée””
English: Since this projection scales north-south distances by the reciprocal of east-west stretching, it preserves area at the expense of shapes.
Tamasheq: A ijjan isuj win akăyad wen ujijan win tamăsna-daɣ-agala n anirkăb wan alqiblăt-daɣ-ataram , eɣallas edag daɣ iššikilăn
English: Other meridians are longer than the central meridian and bow outward, away from the central meridian.
Tamasheq: Meridian tan iyyad ojjarăn meridian wan ammas tolas iššijăn s ajjăma daɣ ujij n merdiain wan ammăs
English: Therefore, meridians are equally spaced along a given parallel.
Tamasheq: Adiš merdian tan ogdăhan idăgan daɣ anmillăl ijjan
English: The resulting conic map has low distortion in scale, shape, and area near those standard parallels.
Tamasheq: Karti konic ta id tizjărat ehet afruɣ andărran daɣ asuj,iššikil d edag ehan edes n anmillălan win
English: Can be constructed from a point of perspective an infinite distance from the tangent point; r(d) = c sin .
Tamasheq: Addobat edey daɣ akayăd ujjijăn andăran daɣ titbăqqet tan tiššijrit, r (d)= c sin
English: Near-sided perspective projection, which simulates the view from space at a finite distance and therefore shows less than a full hemisphere, such as used in The Blue Marble 2012).
Tamasheq: Akayad n tasăja edes iskbăran akayăd daɣ išinnăwan s edag ujijăn daɣ awen issikna a id orakan i hemisphere imdan šund wa ijjăn daɣ Blue Marble 2012)
English: The special point or points may get stretched into a line or curve segment when projected.
Tamasheq: Titbăqqet n iman net meɣ titbăqqa addobat nat anărkib s iyaka meɣ asuj ikrămbăyan alwaq wa id itiwăsăkin
English: Azimuthal equidistant: Distances from the center and edge are preserved.
Tamasheq: Tigdaht n Azimuth: ujijăn ɣur ammăs d isik aɣlăsan
English: Thus, many projections exist to serve the many uses of maps and their vast range of scales.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awen isukni tan ajjotnen illăn ti i ad idhilăn daɣ timăšɣulen ajjoten n karti tan d esassar harikan n isuj tan
English: Reference maps of the world often appear on compromise projections.
Tamasheq: Karti tan ti fal ijla alɣălim alwăqqăn iyyăd zajjăr nat id fal isukni tan mixălxălnen
English: The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569.
Tamasheq: Asukni wan Mercator eqqal asukin n kărti olahăn id silindir issikyăd Flemish wan aw jografia d aw karti tan Gerardus Mercator daɣ awătay wan 1569.
English: As a side effect, the Mercator projection inflates the size of objects away from the equator.
Tamasheq: šund awa ikma, asukni wan Mercator issewad iijit n harătan daɣ ujjij n equator
English: However, given the geometry of a sundial, these maps may well have been based on the similar central cylindrical projection, a limiting case of the gnomonic projection, which is the basis for a sundial.
Tamasheq: Hak id ijja awen, akayăd n tagămšakt tan sundial, karti tan tin addobăt as iday nat fal asukni n ijan immik n silindir olahan, tazăzzkut n asukni wan gnomonic eqqălan tăsedit tan sudial
English: However, this was a simple, and common, case of misidentification.
Tamasheq: Hak ijja awen, awen eqqal erk ajămol raqqisăn tolas assirtăyan
English: Mercator titled the map : "A new and augmented description of Earth corrected for the use of sailors".
Tamasheq: “” Mercator ijja karti “” afissar eynayan tolas iwidăn n amădal iknăn i alxidmăt tan imassukăl win aman”””
English: Various hypotheses have been tendered over the years, but in any case Mercator's friendship with Pedro Nunes and his access to the loxodromic tables Nunes created likely aided his efforts.
Tamasheq: Mirda tan ajjotnen ijjan daɣ iwityan mušăm tămmiduwa tan Mercator id Pedro Nunes d turhăjjat ta ijjraw s tabel tan loxodromic id eɣna Nunes idahălan ti daɣ tamăšɣulen net
English: However, the mathematics involved were developed but never published by mathematician Thomas Harriot starting around 1589.
Tamasheq: Hak id ijja awen, matematiks ti ahănen efes nasnăt ijja mušăm kala war ti izizjar matematisyen Thomas Harriot issintăn edes n awătay wan 1589
English: Two main problems prevented its immediate application: the impossibility of determining the longitude at sea with adequate accuracy and the fact that magnetic directions, instead of geographical directions, were used in navigation.
Tamasheq: Issin muškila tan igdalan assăxdim net daɣ armud: Iban tudăbat n musnat n tašijrit daɣ eɣašar s iqqud d awa fal tisdăg magnetic a axdămnen daɣ asikil fal amăn uhun tisdăg tin jografia
English: However, it did not begin to dominate world maps until the 19th century, when the problem of position determination had been largely solved.
Tamasheq: Hak id ijja awen, war issinta tărna n karti tan tin alɣălim har awătay wan 1900 alwaq wa id mušăkil wan musnat n edag ammuknăn hullăn
English: Due to these pressures, publishers gradually reduced their use of the projection over the course of the 20th century.
Tamasheq: Fal tilzamăten tin daɣ, Publisher tan ifnăzan hullan axădăm n asukni daɣ awătay wan 2000
English: In accomplishing this, the unavoidable east–west stretching of the map, which increases as distance away from the equator increases, is accompanied in the Mercator projection by a corresponding north–south stretching, so that at every point location the east–west scale is the same as the north–south scale, making it a conformal map projection.
Tamasheq: Daɣ ijji n awen, anărkab n alqiblăt daɣ atarăm ehušălan n karti issewădan ujjij fal equator , iddew daɣ asukni wan Mercator id anărkab wa dir ogdăh n tamăsna daɣ agala har edag fuk n titbaqet ,aɣan wan alqiblăt daɣ ataram ogdăh id wan tamăsna daɣ emăynăg, ti ijjan asukni n karti olahăn
English: At latitudes greater than 70° north or south the Mercator projection is practically unusable, because the linear scale becomes infinitely large at the poles.
Tamasheq: Daɣ tahrike tojjarăt 70° tamasna meɣ emăynăg asukni wan Mercator war exdem fal as aɣan wa imnănădan maqqor hullan ɣur pole tan
English: Ellesmere Island on the north of Canada's Arctic archipelago looks about the same size as Australia, although Australia is over 39 times as large.
Tamasheq: Ellesmere Island fal tamăsna n Artic archipelago wan Canada ogdăh id wan Australia kuddeɣ as Australia tijja 39 n anitfăs fal canada
English: Greenland's real area is comparable to the Democratic Republic of the Congo's alone.
Tamasheq: Eda n Greenland wan s tiditt ogdăh id jamahiriya tan Congo demokratik
English: Alaska appears to be the same size as Australia, although Australia is actually 4½ times as large.
Tamasheq: Alaska inta deɣ togdăh id Australia kuddeɣ as tat tojjăr Australia timɣare s 4½
English: Sweden appears much larger than Madagascar.
Tamasheq: Swede inta deɣ tojjar Madagascar timaɣre
English: A World Map on a Regular Icosahedron by Gnomonic Projection."
Tamasheq: “Karti n alɣalim fal Icosahedron s asukni n Gnomonic””
English: As a result of these criticisms, modern atlases no longer use the Mercator projection for world maps or for areas distant from the equator, preferring other cylindrical projections, or forms of equal-area projection.
Tamasheq: Awa id erawan majrădăn win, atlăs tan wi ušray ibas axdămăn s Mercator projection i kărtit tan tin alɣalim meɣ idăgan ujijnen equator, issofănen isukni tan iyyad n silindir meɣ išikilăn n asukni n edag ogdăhan
English: Arno Peters stirred controversy beginning in 1972 when he proposed what is now usually called the Gall–Peters projection to remedy the problems of the Mercator, claiming it to be his own original work without referencing prior work by cartographers such as Gall's work from 1855.
Tamasheq: Arno Peters eraw majrăd issintăn daɣ awătăy wan 1972 alwăq wa id ikfa addăbara n awa eqqălan ašal id Gall-Peters Projection i asăfăr n mušăkil tan tin Mercator s isilmăd as eqqal alxidmăt net tan alăsal daɣ as war issewăl daɣ alxidmăt ta ijjan aw karti tan šund alxidmăt tan Gall daɣ awătay wan 1855
English: The range for a amongst the possible choices is about 35 km, but for small scale (large region) applications this variation may be ignored, and mean values of 6,371 km and 40,030 km may be taken for the radius and circumference respectively.
Tamasheq: Etartar daɣ wi ilănen nefran hullăn eha 35 n kilometir mušăm i aɣan andărrăn (rejion maqqorat) n aplikăsyon tan amutti wen addobăt a hin ettăwad in tolas ewăd tichiten n 6371 n kilometir d 40.030 n kilometir addobat ad immukăs daɣ radius d taɣălalwăyt n iyyan fuk
English: A cylindrical map projection is specified by formulae linking the geographic coordinates of latitude φ and longitude λ to Cartesian coordinates on the map with origin on the equator and x-axis along the equator.
Tamasheq: Asukni n karti ijjăn s silindir tibde formulae ta tosăɣăt coordinate tan n jografia win tahrike φ d tišijrit  λ s coordinate tan win Cartesian fal kărti s iwar uɣna net equator d alwaq daɣ oran fal equator
English: Since the cylinder is tangential to the globe at the equator, the scale factor between globe and cylinder is unity on the equator but nowhere else.
Tamasheq: Išmad silindir idas globe daɣ equator, aɣan wa jir globe d silindir eqqal tartit fal equator mušam war ti illa edag iyyan
English: The difference (λ − λ0) is in radians.
Tamasheq: Uzlay wa jir λ har λ0 eha radian tan
English: Even more extreme truncations have been used: a Finnish school atlas was truncated at approximately 76°N and 56°S, an aspect ratio of 1.97.
Tamasheq: Kud daɣ as inăfazăn ajjotnen ijjăn: atlas n lakkol wan Finland ifnăz har hin uhaz 76°N d 56° S, samal n 1.97 daɣ iddikud
English: Narrower strips are better: sec 8° = 1.01, so a strip of width 16° (centred on the equator) is accurate to within 1% or 1 part in 100.
Tamasheq: Băndar tan iknănen uhiz iknan tufit : sec 8°= 1.01, daɣ awen băndar harikăn 16° (eha ammas n equator) oɣad har 1% meɣ ašrut 1 daɣ 100.
English: The value of e2 is about 0.006 for all reference ellipsoids.)
Tamasheq: Tišit n e2 timos 0.006 i ellipsoid tan fuk
English: For the above model 1 cm corresponds to 1,500 km at a latitude of 60°.
Tamasheq: I išikil wan afălla 1 cm ogdah id 1,500 n kilometir daɣ tahrike n 60°
English: This chord subtends an angle at the centre equal to 2arcsin(cos φ sin ) and the great circle distance between A and B is 2a arcsin(cos φ sin ).)
Tamasheq: Anminnăk wen eqqal tangălt n as tasaja tahat ammăs togdăh id 2 arcsin (cos φ sin ) tolas tajililwăyt ta maqqorat jir A d B taqqal 2a arcsin cos φ sin )
English: For other bodies a fixed surface feature is usually referenced, which for Mars is the meridian passing through the crater Airy-0.
Tamasheq: I tiɣiswen tiyyad, samăl n arori azzukken hărkuk ila ašămol net s Mars taqqal merdian itikiyăn fal crater Airy-0
English: By convention for the Earth, Moon, and Sun it is expressed in degrees ranging from −180° to +180° For other bodies a range of 0° to 360° is used.
Tamasheq: Daɣ anifhăm wa ijjan fal amădal, ayor d tăfukt, ijja s degre tan illănen jir -180° har +180 i tiɣiswen tiyyad etărtăr n 0° har 360° a ijlan
English: The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
Tamasheq: Aɣan n kărti eqqal iddikud n ujij fal karti har ujij wa dar ogdăh fal akal
English: The first way is the ratio of the size of the generating globe to the size of the Earth.
Tamasheq: Abăra wa eqqal iddikud n izuk n globe eɣnăn har izuk wan amădal
English: Many maps state the nominal scale and may even display a bar scale (sometimes merely called a 'scale') to represent it.
Tamasheq: Karti tan ajjotnen assilmăd nat isim n aɣan tolas addobăt asukni n griyăj n aɣan (alwăqqan iyyad isim wa răqqisan “aɣan”) i ad ijjiš edăg net
English: In this case 'scale' means the scale factor (= point scale = particular scale).
Tamasheq: Daɣ awen “aɣăn” imos scale factor (titbaqqet n aɣan= aɣan n imăn net)
English: The map projection becomes critical in understanding how scale varies throughout the map.
Tamasheq: Asukni wan karti eqqăl a fal ijja majrăd daɣ afăhăm n immik wa s itimutti aɣan fal kărti
English: This is a survey of virtually all known projections from antiquity to 1993.
Tamasheq: Awen farăk n isukni tan fuk issănăn addinăt daɣ iwityăn win aru har awătay wan 1993
English: Small scale refers to world maps or maps of large regions such as continents or large nations.
Tamasheq: Aɣan andărrăn itiwăn i karti tan n alɣălim meɣ karti tan n rejion tan maqqornen šund imidlăn meɣ addăwla tan măqqornen