Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: Certain principles (e.g., for any two objects, there is a collection of objects consisting of precisely those two objects) could be directly seen to be true, but the continuum hypothesis conjecture might prove undecidable just on the basis of such principles.
Tamasheq: Tənaten tiyaɗ (sund, ye amossən assin haratan, ilet amsədəw ən haratan artaynen atəmossən daɣ haratan win assin)adoben atwənhay agudendaɣ sund tidit, mašan alaway ən tuɣalt tan tədawt tadobat oɣəl waren itbet fal iyan nədaj wan tənaten.
English: Both Plato's cave and Platonism have meaningful, not just superficial connections, because Plato's ideas were preceded and probably influenced by the hugely popular Pythagoreans of ancient Greece, who believed that the world was, quite literally, generated by numbers.
Tamasheq: Aməšar wan Platon ad batu wan Platon ilan assinən tirtay ən tənawen, əden ɣas musnaten,falas anəzgam wan Platon atwəlkamanid ad tijra tadutet fal wi iknan atwəzy ən kal Pythagore win Grèce taruwat, aɣelnen adunya təkal
English: This view bears resemblances to many things Husserl said about mathematics, and supports Kant's idea that mathematics is synthetic a priori.)
Tamasheq: Edag ən mənhuy issakna milhawen daɣ haratan ajitnen inna Husserl fal maɗinan, izar alil anyat wan Kant as maɗinan amərti as tizarat).
English: Full-blooded Platonism is a modern variation of Platonism, which is in reaction to the fact that different sets of mathematical entities can be proven to exist depending on the axioms and inference rules employed (for instance, the law of the excluded middle, and the axiom of choice).
Tamasheq: Iməgrid əmdanen eqal amləli išrayan ən migridan, daɣ asoɣəl əs amək awadəm adobat assəkən ən təmudre ən haratan ətəlanen ən magradan dəɣ ibret nəssəkən ad tənaten janen ən tidit (sund, tahašilt tən amass təzjarat, ad amək wan atkul).
English: Set-theoretic realism (also set-theoretic Platonism) a position defended by Penelope Maddy, is the view that set theory is about a single universe of sets.
Tamasheq: Assədətu ye tədawt ən tamusne (ad tədawt ən tamusne tan Platon), edaj atiwagazan fal Penelope Maddy, eqal tənna as musnat ən tidawen eqal zaleɣat ən tidawen.
English: They attributed the paradox to "vicious circularity" and built up what they called ramified type theory to deal with it.
Tamasheq: "Akfən assəbəhu ye ""ajləlwi eɣšadan"" izar əkrassan awas janen tamusne ən iritan azunen ye anəbadad ".
English: Even Russell said that this axiom did not really belong to logic.
Tamasheq: Russell imaness inna tənna war tətwakrəš əs tidit ɣor tidit.
English: Frege required Basic Law V to be able to give an explicit definition of the numbers, but all the properties of numbers can be derived from Hume's principle.
Tamasheq: Frege erha tahašilt maqarat Ɣ ye tadabit ən ihuk ən tənna təknat ən maɗinan, mašan təlaten kul ən maɗinan adobətnat ad izjərnat tənna tan Hume.
English: But it does allow the working mathematician to continue in his or her work and leave such problems to the philosopher or scientist.
Tamasheq: Mašan awen ijraw ye kal maɗinan daɣ ašəɣəl ən alkum ən ašəɣəl ad tiya ən tarəqatan ye aw magrad meɣ ye amussən.
English: Hilbert aimed to show the consistency of mathematical systems from the assumption that the "finitary arithmetic" (a subsystem of the usual arithmetic of the positive integers, chosen to be philosophically uncontroversial) was consistent.
Tamasheq: Hilbert ikayad ye assəkən ən assahat ən asdiwən maɗinan daɣ atkul ən tuɣalt ""saməndo ""inəmudan (daw-tərtay tin imudan atwəjanen ən maɗinan maqornen,anifrənen ye oɣəl iməgridatən waren amədaš) aqalan assohen.
English: Thus, in order to show that any axiomatic system of mathematics is in fact consistent, one needs to first assume the consistency of a system of mathematics that is in a sense stronger than the system to be proven consistent.
Tamasheq: Sund, ye assəkən asdəw nəmək wan maɗinan eqal azayan,alməd amək ən tazayt ən maɗinan təqalat daɣ edag assohen amək was nərha asəlmad ən tazayt.
English: Other formalists, such as Rudolf Carnap, Alfred Tarski, and Haskell Curry, considered mathematics to be the investigation of formal axiom systems.
Tamasheq: Inəsəlmaɗ iyaɗ,sund Rudolf Carnaɗ, Alfred Tarski ad Haskell Curry, ijan imaɗinan sund amək ən almud iknan.
English: The more games we study, the better.
Tamasheq: Tahajit ən almud ən adal, eqal ašamən.
English: The main critique of formalism is that the actual mathematical ideas that occupy mathematicians are far removed from the string manipulation games mentioned above.
Tamasheq: Tezmit tazarat nalmud taqal as inəzjam ən maɗinan adutətnen əkalnen inəmudan aqalan ayknan ijəj ən adalan win iɗsawən ən iɣunan.
English: Brouwer, the founder of the movement, held that mathematical objects arise from the a priori forms of the volitions that inform the perception of empirical objects.
Tamasheq: Brouwer, emənahaɗ ən amrumar, alil as harətan win maɗinan izjarənid iritan ye təzart ən aməkətan talaɣatnen almud ən haratan fal tirmawen.
English: The axiom of choice is also rejected in most intuitionistic set theories, though in some versions it is accepted.
Tamasheq: Tənna tan assənəfrən taqal deɣ atiwəksanən daɣ ajit ən timusnawen atiwəlmadnen ən tartay, harwa as atwətkalən tənaten tiyaɗ.
English: In this view, mathematics is an exercise of the human intuition, not a game played with meaningless symbols.
Tamasheq: Daɣ tamənhuyt ten, imaɗinan aqalan iji ən aləmad nadinat,iden adal idalan daɣ ešwal itiwədgalan ən tənna.
English: Likewise all the other whole numbers are defined by their places in a structure, the number line.
Tamasheq: Sund, imaɗinan kul wiyaɗden atiwəsanen fal edaj nassən daɣ tedajit, taberat ən maɗinan.
English: However, its central claim only relates to what kind of entity a mathematical object is, not to what kind of existence mathematical objects or structures have (not, in other words, to their ontology).
Tamasheq: Aguden, alaqi ness namass war eqel iri ən taɣlət ən harət ən maɗin, əden iri namel ən haratan meɣ tidəjaten ən maɗinan (daɣ tifer tiyaɗ, amək nassən).
English: Structures are held to have a real but abstract and immaterial existence.
Tamasheq: Timəqunen aqalnat sund ayilan emel aduten mašan ifaran izar warazay.
English: Structures are held to exist inasmuch as some concrete system exemplifies them.
Tamasheq: Timəqunen aqalnat sund atilan daɣ torda ɣor aratay aduten tan assinəmahalən.
English: Like nominalism, the post rem approach denies the existence of abstract mathematical objects with properties other than their place in a relational structure.
Tamasheq: Sund idakalan,ihaz ilkəmən ye rem asibahaw emel ən haratan maɗinan afarnen ilanen ikrušən iyaɗ waren amos edag nassən daɣ tedajit tatiwazayat.
English: It is held that mathematics is not universal and does not exist in any real sense, other than in human brains.
Tamasheq: Nətkal as imaɗinan war aqelan assisaharan izar wartəlen daɣ tənna tədutet, afəl idet daɣ akəlkəl nawadəm.
English: However, the human mind has no special claim on reality or approaches to it built out of math.
Tamasheq: Aguden, tayəte nawadəm war tila taberat təknat fal tidit meɣ fal tihzawen tin-ta takənat ɣor imaɗinan.
English: The most accessible, famous, and infamous treatment of this perspective is Where Mathematics Comes From, by George Lakoff and Rafael E. Núñez.
Tamasheq: Ajaraw wa iknən atwəssən, wa iknən ad wa iknən tizma ən alməɣnat eqal Where Mathematics Comes From, ən George Lakoff ad Rafael E. Núñez.
English: Franklin, James (2014), "An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics", Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke; Franklin, James (2021), "Mathematics as a science of non-abstract reality: Aristotelian realist philosophies of mathematics," Foundations of Science 25.
Tamasheq: ." Franklin, James(2014), ""An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics "", palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke; Franklin, James (2021), ""Mathematics as a science of non-abstract reality: Aristotelian realist philosophies of mathematics", "Foundations of Science 25".
English: The Euclidean arithmetic developed by John Penn Mayberry in his book The Foundations of Mathematics in the Theory of Sets also falls into the Aristotelian realist tradition.
Tamasheq: Tamusne ən maɗin win Euclid John Penn Mayberry daɣ alkaɗ iness The Foundations of Mathematics in the Theory of Sets iktab deɣ daɣ igoz aduten ən Aristote.
English: Edmund Husserl, in the first volume of his Logical Investigations, called "The Prolegomena of Pure Logic", criticized psychologism thoroughly and sought to distance himself from it.
Tamasheq: "Edmund Husserl, daɣ tajute tazarat tan umɣawen iknanen, sitawəna ""Prolégomènes tan tidit tasohet", tizma daɣ atləqi ən aniyat ad umaɣ ən assənimijəj".
English: That is, since physics needs to talk about electrons to say why light bulbs behave as they do, then electrons must exist.
Tamasheq: As itawəna, fəlas mənhuy tərha ataməgrad fal eleətrontan ye tənna ən mafəl amɗolən win koran itaj initən sund tajənat, maəhan eleətrontan atəmlən.
English: It argues for the existence of mathematical entities as the best explanation for experience, thus stripping mathematics of being distinct from the other sciences.
Tamasheq: Tigəz emel ən haratan ən maɗinan sund alaɣi iknan ən musnat, tədgalət ye maɗinan ye talɣa təbɗat ad təmusnawe tiyaɗnen.
English: This grew from the increasingly popular assertion in the late 20th century that no one foundation of mathematics could be ever proven to exist.
Tamasheq: Alməɣnat nahanay wen aweɗ ɣor tənna təkna atwəziy ɣor samdo ən 20e timaɗ nelan awastamos emel ən sənto ən maɗinan war ilkem adədobat atwəsəkən.
English: A mathematical argument can transmit falsity from the conclusion to the premises just as well as it can transmit truth from the premises to the conclusion.
Tamasheq: Səkno ən maɗinan adobat ihuk ən bahu ən samədo ye ihukan kul ye tadabit deɣ tənna ən tidit ən ihukan ɣor samədo.
English: He gave a detailed argument for this in New Directions.
Tamasheq: Ikfa səkno imdan ɣor batu wa daɣ New Directions.
English: If mathematics is just as empirical as the other sciences, then this suggests that its results are just as fallible as theirs, and just as contingent.
Tamasheq: As imaɗinan aqalan kul deɣ irum sund timusnawen tiyaɗnen, awen ihaku as ilkuman aqalan kul deɣ imtilitan ye winasən, izar agaɗan deɣ kul.
English: For a philosophy of mathematics that attempts to overcome some of the shortcomings of Quine and Gödel's approaches by taking aspects of each see Penelope Maddy's Realism in Mathematics.
Tamasheq: Ye magrad ən magridan wa itirmən ewer ən iban təlaten tiyad ən ihozan ən Quine ad Gödel daɣ atkul ən iritan win iyat, akayad Realism in Mathematiəs wan Penelope Maddy.
English: He started with the "betweenness" of Hilbert's axioms to characterize space without coordinatizing it, and then added extra relations between points to do the work formerly done by vector fields.
Tamasheq: " Assənta fal jar-iyan tənnaten tin Gilbert ye ebaɗi ən edaj əs war amsədaw,izar assewaɗ ibaɗitab aweɗden jar dəgan ye iji ən ašəɣəl wa ijan aru fal idəgan win təssəraɗ".
English: By this account, there are no metaphysical or epistemological problems special to mathematics.
Tamasheq: Ɣor asseɗən,war təlen tarəqan ən timusnawen meɣ tinhaɗen olahnen ad maɗinan.
English: However, while on an empiricist view the evaluation is some sort of comparison with "reality", social constructivists emphasize that the direction of mathematical research is dictated by the fashions of the social group performing it or by the needs of the society financing it.
Tamasheq: " Aguden, as ija awen daɣ tirma nahanay assəkən eqal amək nasənimijar daɣ ""tidit"" ,imuɣanən adewnen innən as unaɗ wan umaɣ ən maɗinən atiwəna fal alməɣna amsədu ən tərtit titajət meɣ tərhaten tartit tahas təlilat".
English: But social constructivists argue that mathematics is in fact grounded by much uncertainty: as mathematical practice evolves, the status of previous mathematics is cast into doubt, and is corrected to the degree it is required or desired by the current mathematical community.
Tamasheq: Mašan tartit ən imuɣanən alilən as imaɗinan aqalan ayjan fal iban torda maqarat : daɣ ikuy ən iji maɗinan itiwaɗ, muzyat ən maɗinan azarnen igaš iban adatu, izar ikna daɣ ikuy ən dihad ahušəl meɣ tərha ən tənfo maɗinan nišray.
English: The social nature of mathematics is highlighted in its subcultures.
Tamasheq: Iri ən tartit tan maɗinan igaš mənhuy daɣ daw-ijitan.
English: Social constructivists see the process of "doing mathematics" as actually creating the meaning, while social realists see a deficiency either of human capacity to abstractify, or of human's cognitive bias, or of mathematicians' collective intelligence as preventing the comprehension of a real universe of mathematical objects.
Tamasheq: Imuɣanən artaynen ijan as taberat tan iji ən maɗinan itaj əs tidit tənna, aguden iməduta artaynen ijan as iba asuhu eqal tadbit nawadəm ye ebaɗi, meɣ ən ašrut ən muzyat nawadəm,meɣ tayite tajet ən maɗinan tədgal alamad ən təməɣluq tadutet ən haratan ən maɗinan.
English: More recently Paul Ernest has explicitly formulated a social constructivist philosophy of mathematics.
Tamasheq: Daɣ išray, Paul Ernest aməgrad daɣ tənna ən magrad ən tidawt-təməqunt ən maɗinan.
English: For example, the tools of linguistics are not generally applied to the symbol systems of mathematics, that is, mathematics is studied in a markedly different way from other languages.
Tamasheq: As sund,harətan win magrad war iknen hulen iji ɣor aratay ən ešwalan ən maɗinan, adar-ti-dila as imaɗinan atiwəɣran daɣ alməɣnat iknan ebaɗi dəɣ migridan wiyaɗden.
English: However, the methods developed by Frege and Tarski for the study of mathematical language have been extended greatly by Tarski's student Richard Montague and other linguists working in formal semantics to show that the distinction between mathematical language and natural language may not be as great as it seems.
Tamasheq: Aguden,timkarawen aweɗnen as Frege ad Tarski ye taɣare ən magrad ən maɗinan aqalnat tahurut as Riəhard Montague,atalib ən Tarski, as kal magrad iya ašeɣalnen daɣ taberat tan magrad atiwazayan, ɣor assəkən ebaɗi jar magrad ən maɗinan ad magrad ahusken war adobat deɣ təmɣare as awa adobat.
English: The assertion that "all" entities postulated in scientific theories, including numbers, should be accepted as real is justified by confirmation holism.
Tamasheq: " Alaxi was inta "kulnasnat" adinat dalnen daɣ timkarawen ən timusnawen, ad artayan maɗinan,adəqəlnat atiwardan sund aduten atiwəlaqət daɣ agaɗ aduten".
English: Field developed his views into fictionalism.
Tamasheq: Field asəmɣar timənhuyen ness daɣ tigozst.
English: The argument hinges on the idea that a satisfactory naturalistic account of thought processes in terms of brain processes can be given for mathematical reasoning along with everything else.
Tamasheq: Səkno ilet fal anyat ən tənfust taqalat tidit təgrazat ən assəmətuy ən tayəte tadobat atwəhək ye sakno maɗinan sund daɣ ašrut kul.
English: Another line of defense is to maintain that abstract objects are relevant to mathematical reasoning in a way that is non-causal, and not analogous to perception.
Tamasheq: Tassaret iyat ən igoz taqal tilalt as haratan wi afəenen anihəjan daɣ adətu ən maɗinan daɣ alməɣna waren ija, ad waren igdeh daɣ musnat.
English: By way of example, they provide two proofs of the irrationality of .
Tamasheq: Ɣor eɣaf milhaw, hakən assin sədutan waren ikna.
English: Paul Erdős was well known for his notion of a hypothetical "Book" containing the most elegant or beautiful mathematical proofs.
Tamasheq: « Paul Erdős ikna atwəzy daɣ aləmad ən ukəss ""Alkaɗ"" hanat tənaten ən maɗinan wi əknanen tahuskət meɣ wi əknanen tihusay".
English: By the same token, however, philosophers of mathematics have sought to characterize what makes one proof more desirable than another when both are logically sound.
Tamasheq: Mašan, fal iyat, inəmugrad ən maɗinan əmaɣan ye ebaɗi awa ihəkan tamatert amukən ən tarha fal iyat agud wad tin sanatət aqalnat ayknan asuhu.
English: Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the ontology and nature of the mind and its relationship with the body.
Tamasheq: Magrad ən anyat eqal ašrut wan magrad wa ikyadən ufar ad alməɣnat ən aniyat ad tartit ines daɣ iman.
English: Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem, although nuanced views have arisen that do not fit one or the other category neatly.
Tamasheq: Anhəraj ad aqalan liəoyten tišəmnen ən anəzgum fal tarəqan iman-aniyat,harwa edagan nahanay azlaynen izjarənid war olahən daɣ iyat meɣ iri iyat ən alməɣnat təknat.
English: Hart, W.D. (1996) "Dualism", in Samuel Guttenplan (org) A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, Blackwell, Oxford, 265-7.
Tamasheq: " Hart,W.D. (1996)"Dualism"", in Samuel Guttenplan (org) A Comttanion to the Philosophy of Mind, Blackwell,Oxford,265-7".
English: Pinel, J. Psychobiology, (1990) Prentice Hall, Inc. LeDoux, J. (2002) The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, New York:Viking Penguin.
Tamasheq: Pinel, J. Psychobiology (1990) Prentice Hall,Inc. LeDoux, J. (2002), Synaptic Self: Indek immik wa s eqqal akilkil nanagh awa n amos,New York: Viking Penguin.
English: Psychological Predicates", in W. H. Capitan and D. D. Merrill, eds.,
Tamasheq: Ihukatan nəniyat, daɣ W. H. Əaɗitan ad D. D. Merrill, azjor.
English: Secondly, intentional states of consciousness do not make sense on non-reductive physicalism.
Tamasheq: Ɣor edag was assin, idagan win aləmadat ən aniyat warlen tənna ɣor təɣəssa waren fənaz.
English: Someone's desire for a slice of pizza, for example, will tend to cause that person to move his or her body in a specific manner and in a specific direction to obtain what he or she wants.
Tamasheq: Tarha ən awadəm ye tətate ašrut ən ɗizza, sund,ikraš taberat ye agay awadəm assəmətəkwi ən iman daɣ alməɣnat təknat ye ajaraw nawa tarha.
English: Robinson, H. (1983): "Aristotelian dualism", Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 1, 123–44.
Tamasheq: Robinson, H. (1983) : ""anməhərəj win Aristote"", Oxford Studies in Anəient Ɗhilosiɗhy 1,123-44".
English: They would almost certainly deny that the mind simply is the brain, or vice versa, finding the idea that there is just one ontological entity at play to be too mechanistic or unintelligible.
Tamasheq: War səbihuwan sund tidit as aniyat eqal ɣas tayəte, meɣ milhaw,togazat aniyat as war tila arəyat təmaɣluk təfarat daɣ adal iknan amukən meɣ asohen.
English: So, for example, one can reasonably ask what a burnt finger feels like, or what a blue sky looks like, or what nice music sounds like to a person.
Tamasheq: Sund, daɣ milhaw nadobat assəstan ən asədətu awa sofray assəkaɗ erɣan, meɣ awadar olahən išənawan dalatnen, meɣ milhaw ən anəzar ahusken ye awadəm.
English: There are qualia involved in these mental events that seem particularly difficult to reduce to anything physical.
Tamasheq: Ilanti qualia hanen daɣ ijitan ən aniyat wi olahnen hulen as asohatnat ye afanaz ye awa eqal daɣ assahat.
English: Dualism must therefore explain how consciousness affects physical reality.
Tamasheq: Anhəraj ad aləxət deɣ alməɣnat was aniyat iɣašad tidit tan iman.
English: Knowledge, however, is apprehended by reasoning from ground to consequent.
Tamasheq: Tamusne, inta, tamətkal fal alaɣi ən akal ən akal as təmɣare.
English: The basic idea is that one can imagine one's body, and therefore conceive the existence of one's body, without any conscious states being associated with this body.
Tamasheq: Anəzgum wa maqaran eqal as adobat awadəm tuɣalt ən taɣəssa ad deɣ aramas ən tamudre ən taqəssa, daɣ war assərtay əs təqəssa.
English: Others such as Dennett have argued that the notion of a philosophical zombie is an incoherent, or unlikely, concept.
Tamasheq: Iyaɗ, sund Denneƭ, alilən as muzyat ən enəmetən ən magrad eqal aləmad waren adew, meɣ waren adutət.
English: It is the view that mental states, such as beliefs and desires, causally interact with physical states.
Tamasheq: Eqal assəmumən was ənta as aməqətan naniyat, sund tifləssen ad tarhaten, tamərtaynat as alməɣnat ijan daɣ aməkətan assohətnen.
English: Descartes' argument depends on the premise that what Seth believes to be "clear and distinct" ideas in his mind are necessarily true.
Tamasheq: "Səkno wan Desəartes eqaləd as tənna tas ənta as Seth aɣel taqal inəzjam ""adutətnen ad abɗanen"" daɣ aniyat iness aqalan tahašilt tadutet".
English: Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (Bradford) For example, Joseph Agassi suggests that several scientific discoveries made since the early 20th century have undermined the idea of privileged access to one's own ideas.
Tamasheq: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press (Bradford) sund, Joseɗh Agassi ijanu as ijarawan ajətnen ən tamusnawen janen bor sənto wan 20e elan aqšədən ye ugiš alilal ye inəzjam aridnen.
English: This view was most prominently defended by Gottfried Leibniz.
Tamasheq: Alməɣnat wan ahanay eqal hulen atwigəz as Goƭfried Leibniz.
English: These emergent properties have an independent ontological status and cannot be reduced to, or explained in terms of, the physical substrate from which they emerge.
Tamasheq: Təlaten izjarnen lanat iniy ufar anuflayan izar war adobatnat afənaz as amel Asohen daɣ zajarnat, war alaɣat səmdotən iness.
English: Epiphenomenalism is a doctrine first formulated by Thomas Henry Huxley.
Tamasheq: Amədəɣwis eqal tamusne təjat fal alwaq wazaran as Thomas Henry Huxley.
English: This view has been defended by Frank Jackson.
Tamasheq: Alməɣnat wan ahanay eqal atiwagazan as Frank Jackson.
English: Panpsychism is the view that all matter has a mental aspect, or, alternatively, all objects have a unified center of experience or point of view.
Tamasheq: Ašrut təməɣluk eqal tənna tas harat kul ila iri ən tayəte, meə, anəlkam, garətan kul ilan edag ən tirma meə təmənhuyt tartayat.
English: An example of these disparate degrees of freedom is given by Allan Wallace who notes that it is "experientially apparent that one may be physically uncomfortable—for instance, while engaging in a strenuous physical workout—while mentally cheerful; conversely, one may be mentally distraught while experiencing physical comfort".
Tamasheq: Milhaw ən idəgan ən tənuflit tamədat tatiwəkfat ye Allan Wallaəe,ijanen eqal atwəhiy daɣ ""tamusne as adobat awadəm oɣəl waren ikna səsahat-sund, ɣor ugiš daɣ tahašilt təknat asuhu-daɣ oɣəl ən aniyat tedawit; assəməlikli, nadobat aniyat əntiya daɣ irum ən tərəɣse tasohet"".
English: Mental states can cause changes in physical states and vice versa.
Tamasheq: Idagan naniyat adoben ihuk ən šanzitan daɣ idagan asohatnen ad milhaw.
English: Experiential dualism is accepted as the conceptual framework of Madhyamaka Buddhism.
Tamasheq: Anhərəj atwəsənan atiwərɗa sund edaj waren ikna ən tənəslima tan Madhyamaka.
English: In denying the independent self-existence of all the phenomena that make up the world of our experience, the Madhyamaka view departs from both the substance dualism of Descartes and the substance monism—namely, physicalism—that is characteristic of modern science.
Tamasheq: Asəbuhu aməɣlək anuflayan ən ijitan kul wi təjanen adunya tan təmusne nanaɣ, ahanay San Madhyamaka inakəš ajud iyan fal anhəraj harat wan Descartes ad aləmad ən harat-atamosan taɣəssa-təbɗdat ad tamusne tan išray.
English: Indeed, physicalism, or the idea that matter is the only fundamental substance of reality, is explicitly rejected by Buddhism.
Tamasheq: Falas, taɣəssa,meɣ anəzgum as harat eqal emel maqaran ən tidit, eqal tənna tatiwəksanat as tənəslima.
English: While the former commonly have mass, location, velocity, shape, size, and numerous other physical attributes, these are not generally characteristic of mental phenomena.
Tamasheq: Adal si azarnen ilan tazayt, edag, atrub, taɣissa, tenade ad ibaɗitən iyan ajətnen ən taɣissa, ətaneɗ war iknen azalayat ad ijitan ən aniyat.
English: The fundamentally disparate nature of reality has been central to forms of eastern philosophies for over two millennia.
Tamasheq: Iri azaran aməda ən tidit iha amass niritan iyaɗ ən magradan oɣadnen ɣor harwa daɣ assin efɗan ən awatay.