Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: However, opponents have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including environmental concerns, whether food produced from GM crops is safe, whether GM crops are needed to address the world's food needs, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.
Tamasheq: Aguden, inaəmugay ugayan ye ataɣaman OGM aqalan sund ye tiditen ajotnen, dǎɣ tarəmaɣen ən ihzawan assəstan ye alamad as iməssiwan janen as ataɣaman OGM ahušalan ye asudmar ən tarhaten ən məssiwan ən adunya,ad tirəmaɣ ən asdu azlaynen as alməɣna was taɣəswen oyan ye tidit ən takrišt nanyat.
English: There are differences in the regulation of GMOs between countries, with some of the most marked differences occurring between the US and Europe.
Tamasheq: Ilant mezlayan dǎɣ amukən ən OGM jar kalan, mezlayen iknanen ešwal əlanat jar États-unis ad Europe.
English: The European Union differentiates between approval for cultivation within the EU and approval for import and processing.
Tamasheq: Tartit tan Europe tag ibaditan jar tarədawt ən agayak dǎɣ UE ad tarədawt ən agay ad assəməliliy.
English: Each successful application is generally funded for five years then must be competitively renewed.
Tamasheq: Tamadilt kul tatiwardat taqal atiwadhalan har səmos elan, izar taqəl assini as taberat tan aməšəj.
English: Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with either identical or virtually identical DNA, either by natural or artificial means.
Tamasheq: Asjət eqal amutiy ən iji ən iman iyad ad ADN olahan meɣ išwar olah, as tədabiten aknanen meɣ maren ikna.
English: It is used in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production.
Tamasheq: Atiwətkal dǎɣ tahurut ən ewalawal ən tamusnawen ən tamudre ad ijitan janen assintan as adariš génétique as iji ən protéine iknanen tebade.
English: Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a DNA segment of suitable size.
Tamasheq: Tizarat, ADN ahusken ad amazlay ye ihuk ən akaramu ən ADN ən tabəde təknat.
English: Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cells.
Tamasheq: Darat akrəwi, amaway ad amugiš ahusken eqal aykan dǎɣ Ibtal.
English: A useful tissue culture technique used to clone distinct lineages of cell lines involves the use of cloning rings (cylinders).
Tamasheq: Tamkare tənfat ən agayak tissulaire amitkal ye asjət ən amzizar ən abatol abdanen itag atkul ən iɣləlway ən ajət (cylindres).
English: This process is also called "research cloning" or "therapeutic cloning".
Tamasheq: "Ašanzi wen eqal atiwaɣran as ““asjət ən umaɣ”.”"meɣ ““asjət ən assafar””.”
English: Therapeutic cloning is achieved by creating embryonic stem cells in the hopes of treating diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's.
Tamasheq: Asjət nassafar atiwaja dǎɣ iji ən ibtal souəhes taɣrayat dǎɣ torda ən assəsəfar ən torhənawen sund torhəna tan asukar ad torhəna tan Alzheimer.
English: The reason why SCNT is used for cloning is because somatic cells can be easily acquired and cultured in the lab.
Tamasheq: Tidit tas TNCS atiwətkal ye asjət taqal as ibtal dǎɣ iman adobatnat ad rakisnat as təlat izar atwəjrəwnat dǎɣ ehan wan umaɣ.
English: The oocyte will react to the somatic cell nucleus, the same way it would to a sperm cell's nucleus.
Tamasheq: Ovocyte adisudmar ye noyau ən abatol dǎɣ iman, as alməɣnat as isudmer ye noyau ən Spermatozoïde.
English: The somatic cells could be used immediately or stored in the laboratory for later use.
Tamasheq: Ibtal dǎɣ iman adoben atwətkal šikanen meɣ atwigaz dǎɣ ehan wan umaɣ ye atwətkal dimalan.
English: This creates a one-cell embryo.
Tamasheq: Nəjaraw sawen as aɣri ən abatol.
English: The successfully developed embryos are then placed in surrogate recipients, such as a cow or sheep in the case of farm animals.
Tamasheq: Eɣriyan adwalnen as sarho aqalnat dǎɣ alkum ugiš dǎɣ inarmasan ən assəməskəl, sund tas meɣ tehale dǎɣ edag wan mudaran ən amada.
English: Another benefit is SCNT is seen as a solution to clone endangered species that are on the verge of going extinct.
Tamasheq: Ajaraw iyan eqal as TNƏS atiwətkal sund adabara ye asjət mudaran atoɣsadnen as amənd hanen edag ən amyəqi.
English: Only three of these embryos survived until birth, and only one survived to adulthood.
Tamasheq: Qarad ɣas eɣriyan adarnen har ɣor tušart.
English: However, by 2014 researchers were reporting cloning success rates of seven to eight out of ten and in 2016, a Korean Company Sooam Biotech was reported to be producing 500 cloned embryos per day.
Tamasheq: Aguden, ɣor 2014, inuməɣan tajan edag ən ajut najaraw ən asjət ən əssa as ətam fal maraw ad ɣor 2016, tartit ən adinat win əoréentan Sooam Biotech ijaraw iji ən 500 iɣriyan atiwajanen dǎɣ ašal.
English: Asexual reproduction is a naturally occurring phenomenon in many species, including most plants and some insects.
Tamasheq: Tirwa ən mudaran taqal harat iknan ɣor ajət ən mudaran, as ajət ən həškan ad imugadan iyad.
English: As an example, some European cultivars of grapes represent clones that have been propagated for over two millennia.
Tamasheq: As ihuk ən milhaw, iməgyak iyad ən européentan ən raisin saknen isjat wi atwəjətnen ɣor alan assin efdan ən awatay.
English: Many trees, shrubs, vines, ferns and other herbaceous perennials form clonal colonies naturally.
Tamasheq: Ihəškan ajotnen, ibsaɣan, ilakatan ad ihəškan iyan nənaləmoz tadarnen tajanen serɣas ən amsədəw ajen.
English: In plants, parthenogenesis means the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell, and is a component process of apomixis.
Tamasheq: Ɣor ihəškan, anmiraw adartidila tadawla ən aɣri ɣor ovule waren itiru, ad amək ertayan ad anašar.
English: Such clones are not strictly identical since the somatic cells may contain mutations in their nuclear DNA.
Tamasheq: Isjat win war aqelan ayknan milhaw falas ibtal dǎɣ iman adoben adkul ən iməskal dǎɣ ADN nucléaire.
English: Artificial embryo splitting or embryo twinning, a technique that creates monozygotic twins from a single embryo, is not considered in the same fashion as other methods of cloning.
Tamasheq: Tazunt ən iɣrəyan maren ahusken meɣ sertay ən iɣrəyan, tamkare tajat iknewan ən iyat tasadalt ɣor iyan aɣri,war atwəja as alməɣnat ən təmkarawen tiyad ən asjət.
English: Dolly's embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum.
Tamasheq: Aɣri wan Dolly atwəja dǎɣ atkul ən abatol izar dǎɣ asugəš iness dǎɣ oɣule ən tahale.
English: She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland by British scientists Sir Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell and lived there from her birth in 1996 until her death in 2003 when she was six.
Tamasheq: Ataqal aywan dǎɣ Rolsin Institute dǎɣ Écosse fal kal təmusnawen wi britanniquetan Sir lan Wilmut əd Keith Campbell əd atamosan aydwalan dǎɣ təmidrit ənes dǎɣ 1996 hawendǎɣ hartamatant ənes dǎɣ 2003, dǎɣ saɗis elan.
English: Dolly was publicly significant because the effort showed that genetic material from a specific adult cell, designed to express only a distinct subset of its genes, can be redesigned to grow an entirely new organism.
Tamasheq: Dolly eqal ayfan dǎɣ təmite falas asihušil asikna as ilalan wi génétique ən əellule wašarat ƭabdat, tamosat fal atalaɣat as ilay daw-təmidrit tabdat ən genetan, tadobat atiqil amutayan fal asidwil taɣisa təmdat taynayat.
English: The first mammalian cloning (resulting in Dolly the sheep) had a success rate of 29 embryos per 277 fertilized eggs, which produced three lambs at birth, one of which lived.
Tamasheq: Wadazaran atwiraw dǎɣ awa əsakansan (wa orawan brebis Dolly) igraw təwaƭ nagaraw ən 29 embryontan ye 277 ən tisadalen iwanen, orawnen karad kirwatan, as iyandǎɣ aydaran.
English: Notably, although the first clones were frogs, no adult cloned frog has yet been produced from a somatic adult nucleus donor cell.
Tamasheq: Atamosan, ahuskat wi dazarnen atwirawan aqalan ijaran, waladǎɣ iyan ejar wašaran wariwa harwa dǎɣ igi ən əellule tatiwafat ən nesamb wašaran ən somtique.
English: However, other researchers, including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly, argue that Dolly's early death due to respiratory infection was unrelated to problems with the cloning process.
Tamasheq: Agudendǎɣ, iyad ənumaɣan, atamosnen lan Wilmut wa anihadan ye tartit izar igraw asiw ən Dolly, alilan as tamatant taśohet tan Dolly tigat dǎɣ ašiɣir dǎɣ tunfast wateqel ayertayan ən aśibaban wi təmotayen ən atwiraw.
English: Soviet scientists Chaylakhyan, Veprencev, Sviridova, and Nikitin had the mouse "Masha" cloned.
Tamasheq: "Əmusanan wi soɣiétiquetan, Chaylakhyan, Veprencev, Sviridova əd Nikitin igan asidwal wan nakor “Masha”.”
English: More akin to artificial formation of twins.
Tamasheq: Ahazan dǎɣ igitan nadinat wa iknewan.
English: Dog: Snuppy, a male Afghan hound was the first cloned dog (2005).
Tamasheq: Edi : Snuppy, edi ən afghan nahalis eqalan wadazaran edi asidwal (2005).
English: Water buffalo: Samrupa was the first cloned water buffalo.
Tamasheq: Tast tan arog naman : Samrupa ataqal taditazarat tast tan narog naman dǎɣ tadawla.
English: Camel: (2009) Injaz, is the first cloned camel.
Tamasheq: Camel : (2009) Injaz, eqal wadazaran amnis dǎɣ tadawla.
English: Goat: (2001) Scientists of Northwest A&F University successfully cloned the first goat which use the adult female cell.
Tamasheq: Taɣat: (2001) əmusanan wi Nuniversite Narthwest A&F igrawan asidwilan taɣat taditazarat dǎɣ adakal ən cellule ən tamaƭ wašarat.
English: Conducted in China in 2017, and reported in January 2018.
Tamasheq: Tatilway dǎɣ hine dǎɣ 2017, əd tamutay ye janɣier 2018.
English: Black-footed ferret: (2020) In 2020, a team of scientists cloned a female named Willa, who died in the mid-1980s and left no living descendants.
Tamasheq: Furet əs daran kawalnen : (2020) Dǎɣ 2020, tartit ən təmusnawen tasidwal tamaƭ sitawana Willa, aba dǎɣ amas ən wityan wi 1980 əd wadoya waladǎɣ iyan aydaran.
English: It does not refer to the natural conception and delivery of identical twins.
Tamasheq: Waramos eqalan tamograst əd asisiriw wan manes ən əknewan oɣadnen.
English: As of right now, scientists have no intention of trying to clone people and they believe their results should spark a wider discussion about the laws and regulations the world needs to regulate cloning.
Tamasheq: Ašalidǎɣ, əmusanan warilen aniyat ən tirmit ən nasidwal nadinat əd izar aɣelan as adabaratan anihaga adiqil batu ogaran tahurut fal aširiɣa əd tabarat tamosat as aduniyat tarha asisiɣid ən nasidwal.
English: While many of these views are religious in origin, the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well.
Tamasheq: Ahuskat as ajit ən titbiqa tən ən nahanay aqalnen adizgaran adin, asostanan atiwazwaynen fal asidwal aqalan intanedǎɣ amuqasan əd haratan arunen.
English: Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe and that it could be prone to abuse (leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested), as well as concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large.
Tamasheq: Anamašrayan ən nasidwal armaɣan as təmusne wartaqel harwa amosan awidan hulen fal atiqil aytbatan əd as tadobat atiqil tamaƭ dǎɣ iba nəmik (tilwayat dǎɣ alwaq wan adinat fal wi amosnen organetan əd lamawan aqalan aygmadan), mašan ašiɣalan fal əmik was adinat atiwasadwalnen adoben arigišan dǎɣ terweten əd tədawt dǎɣ atamosan.
English: This is also referred to as "Conservation cloning".
Tamasheq: "Atiwadawanat dɣqanen as ““asiwal wan atawar””.
English: These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species.
Tamasheq: Igarawan wən ifan morda as tekaniten olahnen (daqalnen timarawen ən niyad alɣayalan) adobatnen adiqilan amitkalan fal asidwal ən nalɣayalan amikatnen.
English: In 2002, geneticists at the Australian Museum announced that they had replicated DNA of the thylacine (Tasmanian tiger), at the time extinct for about 65 years, using polymerase chain reaction.
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ 2002, genetiəientan wən Australian Museum aliɣen as aliɣen as ADN wan thylaəine (wašil wan Tasmanie), alwaq wa miken harwa ihomiši 65 elan, dǎɣ amitkal ən əmik wa nanilkaman fal polymérase.
English: In 2003, for the first time, an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex mentioned above was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved frozen cell nucleus of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells.
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ 2003, dǎɣ ehandag wazaran, udar igmadan, bouquetin wan Pyrénées aliɣat dǎɣ-afala, eqal aydwalan, dǎɣ Centre wan təmusne əd umaɣ namiškan ən Aragon, dǎɣ amitkal ən nesambe ən əellule səmidaƭ trətwarat dǎɣ éəhantillontan ən nelam dǎɣ 2001 əd oɣuletan ən taɣat ən hinan.
English: """Когда вернутся мамонты"" (""When the Mammoths Return""), 5 February 2015 (retrieved 6 September 2015) Another problem is the survival of the reconstructed mammoth: ruminants rely on a symbiosis with specific microbiota in their stomachs for digestion."
Tamasheq: """KorAa BeɗHyTƏR MaMoHTbI""(""Agud wa mammouth iwalanid””), 5 féɣrier 2015 (asistan dǎɣ 6 septembre 2015) iyan aśibab eqal tamudre dǎɣ mammouth atiwasamalan: imawtan najil tigizan symbiose dər miərobiotetan itbatnen dǎɣ adanan fal amišk.
English: Because of this, some posited she may have aged more quickly than other naturally born animals, as she died relatively early for a sheep at the age of six.
Tamasheq: Fal salan win, iyad asinsan as tadobat as tigraw təwšire togarat armud ye wəyadnen əmudaran iwanen idmanasan, falas abatat dǎɣmilahaw itraban ən tehale, dǎɣ 6 elan.
English: However, early pregnancy loss and neonatal losses are still greater with cloning than natural conception or assisted reproduction (IVF).
Tamasheq: Agudendǎɣ, aɣašad ən hadiran aśohen əd ɣašadan wən néonatale aqalan harkuk ogaran tanfo dər asidwal dər təmotayen ən manasnat meɣ atwisisiraw ən tajayhit (FIV).
English: The concept of cloning, particularly human cloning, has featured a wide variety of science fiction works.
Tamasheq: Amutiy wan atwisidwal, dǎɣ təbiɗawt ən sidwalan nawadəm, tiga harat ən təɗidawt maqarat ən nəkitaban ən science-fiction.
English: Many works depict the artificial creation of humans by a method of growing cells from a tissue or DNA sample; the replication may be instantaneous, or take place through slow growth of human embryos in artificial wombs.
Tamasheq: Alkitaban ajotnen aliɣen igi nadinat wan kal aduniya fal tekanit ən nitwigaz ən əelluletan adifalan iyan échantillon ən nalam meɣ ADN; tugit tadobat atiqil dǎɣ anilkam meɣ atagu əs tiwaƭ hintilat tan embryontan nadinat dǎɣ təsaten nadinat.
English: Science fiction films such as The Matrix and Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones have featured scenes of human foetuses being cultured on an industrial scale in mechanical tanks.
Tamasheq: Silmatan tən science-fiction amosnen Matrix əd Star Wars : Episode II – Attack of Clone asiknan səènetan ən natiwgaz ən naratan ədiratnen nadinat dǎɣ asakankin wan usine dǎɣ dagan wi mokinatan.
English: A Number was adapted by Caryl Churchill for television, in a co-production between the BBC and HBO Films.
Tamasheq: Number eqal aylmadan Caryl Churəhill fal silma, dǎɣ tabarat tan igitan gar BBC əd HBO silmatan.
English: She grew up always doubtful about the love from her mother, who looked nothing like her and who died nine years before.
Tamasheq: Tədwal dǎɣ iba nafalasat harkuk dǎɣ tarha ən mas, əd widar toleh dǎɣ wala əd taqalat aba taza elan dat awa.
English: In the 1976 Ira Levin novel The Boys from Brazil and its 1978 film adaptation, Josef Mengele uses cloning to create copies of Adolf Hitler.
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ alkitab wan Medin wi Brésil (1976) Ira Levin əd alamdənes ən cinématographique dǎɣ 1978, Josef Mengele dakaln asidwal fal igitan ən copitan ən Adolf Hitler.
English: In Doctor Who, an alien race of armour-clad, warlike beings called Sontarans was introduced in the 1973 serial "The Time Warrior".
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ Doctor Who, təmuzuk tasuɣsadat aqalnen imuzukal dǎɣ temalsit sitawan Sontarans ataqal aygašan dǎɣ feuilleton dǎɣ 1973 ““The Time Warrior””.
English: The concept of cloned soldiers being bred for combat was revisited in "The Doctor's Daughter" (2008), when the Doctor's DNA is used to create a female warrior called Jenny.
Tamasheq: "Maɣulat wan mekenisan asidwalnen atwazwayan fal akinas eqalan atiwakyadan dǎɣ (2008) ““The Doctor's Jenny.”"
English: The 2005 Kazuo Ishiguro novel Never Let Me Go and the 2010 film adaption are set in an alternate history in which cloned humans are created for the sole purpose of providing organ donations to naturally born humans, despite the fact that they are fully sentient and self-aware.
Tamasheq: Alkitab wan Neɣer Let Me Go (2005) wan Kazuo Išiguro əd alamad əinématograɗhique dǎɣ 2010 igan dǎɣ tafust ən təmotayen dǎɣ amosan adinat aydwalan atiwagan dǎɣ tabarat iyadǎɣ tan ihuk ən orgatan ye adinat iwanen idmanasan, awendǎɣ dak awa aqalan daknasan lameɗnen əd diniyat nasan.
English: In the futuristic novel Cloud Atlas and subsequent film, one of the story lines focuses on a genetically-engineered fabricant clone named Sonmi~451, one of millions raised in an artificial "wombtank", destined to serve from birth.
Tamasheq: "Dǎɣ alkiblat wan futuriste Cloud Atlas əd silma ta ditikamat, ufur eqalan amas fal tadawla ən igitan namosan atiwasamatayan sitawana Soonmi~451, iyan dǎɣ milliontan nasidwal izwayan dǎɣ iyan “wombtank”” imanes, amosan amanan anfu harwa ɣur tiwit.”
English: In the film Us, at some point prior to the 1980s, the US Government creates clones of every citizen of the United States with the intention of using them to control their original counterparts, akin to voodoo dolls.
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ silma Us, agudiyan dat wityan wi 1980, tanhat tan américain tagu dǎɣ sidwal ən hak agakal ən États-Unis dər anizgum nadakal fal tanhat ən midawan nasan itbatnen, andiran sund tibaraden tən vaudoues.
English: In the present day, the clones launch a surprise attack and manage to complete a mass-genocide of their unaware counterparts.
Tamasheq: Ašalidǎɣ, əmisudwal igan tagaq tasirmaɣat əd igrawan arigin génoəide ən tazayt əne midawan nasan winan ila aniyat.
English: Genes have been transferred within the same species, across species (creating transgenic organisms), and even across kingdoms.
Tamasheq: Genetan aqalan atwasasawayan dǎɣ amas ən terwe iyadǎɣ, gar terweten (taganen organismetan transgénique), əd gar tartnaten iyadǎɣ.
English: Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism and combine it with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and often a selectable marker.
Tamasheq: Əmusanan wi génétiquetan anihaga adikisan gène asinahagan ihan dǎɣ organisme nanaftaɣ əd asirtay dər iyad haratan ən génétique.
English: Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen made the first genetically modified organism in 1973, a bacterium resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin.
Tamasheq: Herbert Boyer əd Stanley Cohen igan wadazaran organisme amosan amutayan dǎɣ 1973, baətérie aśohen dǎɣ antibiotique kanamyəine.
English: The first genetically modified animal to be commercialized was the GloFish (2003) and the first genetically modified animal to be approved for food use was the AquAdvantage salmon in 2015.
Tamasheq: Wadazal awadǎɣ amosan amutayan aqalan aytawašanšen eqal GloFish (2003) əd wadazaran awadaz amosan amutayan dǎɣ uɣil atwinhay fal əmik namiškan eqalan saumon AquAdvantageantage dǎɣ 2015.
English: Fungi have been engineered with much the same goals.
Tamasheq: Champignontan aqalan amutayan dər andiran olahan dəšiɣil iyandǎɣ.
English: There are proposals to remove the virulent genes from viruses to create vaccines.
Tamasheq: Ilanti sinihigitan ikanen arkisan gènetan tamalsanen ɣirustan fal igitan ən nuzmay.
English: The majority are engineered for herbicide tolerance or insect resistance.
Tamasheq: Ajen eqal amutayan fal tayawt ən herbicidetan meɣ aśuhu ən šiɣiɣilan.
English: Animals are generally much harder to transform and the vast majority are still at the research stage.
Tamasheq: Awadǎɣan aqalan amosan ajen dǎɣ aśiśuhu ən asimililiy əd ajen dǎɣsan eqal harwa dǎɣ stade wan numaɣ.
English: Livestock is modified with the intention of improving economically important traits such as growth rate, quality of meat, milk composition, disease resistance, and survival.
Tamasheq: Arizeg eqal amutayan dǎɣ salan nəsimutiy ən talɣiwen nazrif ifan atamosan hadi ən wi wanen, təbidawƭ ən san, asimutiy naɣ, aśiśuhu ən turhinawen əd tamudre.
English: Although human gene therapy is still relatively new, it has been used to treat genetic disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency, and Leber's congenital amaurosis.
Tamasheq: Ahuskat as théraɗie génique nadinat amosan harwa ayhan aynayan, tatiwakal fal asisifir ən troubletan ən génétiquetan atamosan immunodeficience hertayan aśohatnen əd amaurose congénital ən Leber.
English: Other concerns are the objectivity and rigor of regulatory authorities, contamination of non-genetically modified food, control of the food supply, patenting of life and the use of intellectual property rights.
Tamasheq: Iyad əšiɣilan ikanen əšiɣil əd aśiśuhu ən tarna ən asisigdah, asimils ən šiška winan eqel amosan amutayan, igi nəniyat ən huk ən šiška, breɣetage ən nadaran əd dakalan ən tanhaden oɣadnen ən təmusne.
English: Countries have adopted regulatory measures to deal with these concerns.
Tamasheq: Ikalan almadan tanhaden nasigdha fal asudmir ən əšiɣilan nes.
English: A broad definition of genetic engineering also includes selective breeding and other means of artificial selection.",
Tamasheq: "Aliɣi haruwan ən génie génétique iha deɣkanen igitan amukasnen əd diyan lalan ən nukis ən manasan.”"
English: For example, the grain crop triticale was fully developed in a laboratory in 1930 using various techniques to alter its genome.
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ olahan, əsigyak wən nalawan wən triticale taqal dakines awiɗan dǎɣ laboratoiretan dǎɣ 1930 əs tilalt ən tekaniten ajotnen fal asimutiy ən génome.
English: Modern biotechnology is further defined as "In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles, or fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family."
Tamasheq: “Biotəmusnawen taynayat taqal agudendǎɣ atiwalaɣen sund ““tekaniten tən aəide nuəléique in ɣitro, atamosan asirtay naəide wan desoxyribonuəleique (ADN) əd tedek toɣadat ən aəide nuəléique dǎɣ əelluletan meɣ dǎɣ organitan, meɣ asitay ən əelluletan dǎɣ ginig awenalɣayalan ən taxonomique.”"
English: The definitions focus on the process more than the product, which means there could be GMOS and non-GMOs with very similar genotypes and phenotypes.
Tamasheq: Əliɣitan wiamosnen fal igitan ogarnen harat, awa amosan as adoben adǎɣas agriwan OGM əd awinan eqel OGM dər génotyɗetan əd ɗhénotyɗetan olahnen hulen.
English: It also poses problems as new processes are developed.
Tamasheq: Asinsa intadǎɣ aśibaban agud wa tabaraten tə aynaynen aqalan atwagan dǎɣ samando.
English: Genetic engineers must isolate the gene they wish to insert into the host organism.
Tamasheq: Əmusanan wi généticientan anihaga adikisan gène wa asinahagan atigin dǎɣ taɣisa tan tanaɣftaq.
English: The gene is then combined with other genetic elements, including a promoter and terminator region and a selectable marker.
Tamasheq: Mu-arǝs ertăy dǝhen ǝd ɣănsar tan n jiyin eha edăg n tăɣzǝz n akǝmmal n mu-arǝs d n I eha xălǝya.
English: DNA is generally inserted into animal cells using microinjection, where it can be injected through the cell's nuclear envelope directly into the nucleus, or through the use of viral vectors.
Tamasheq: ADN eqal intadǎɣ ayhan dǎɣ əelluletan ən wadǎɣan fal tedek-tan dirat, ɣur adoben adiqilan aydagan dǎɣ enɣeloɗɗe nuəléaire tan əellule toɣadat sulhines, meɣ fal adakal ɣeəteurtan viraux.
English: In plants this is accomplished through tissue culture.
Tamasheq: Ɣur hiškan, awen atagu fal sigyak tissulaire.
English: Traditionally the new genetic material was inserted randomly within the host genome.
Tamasheq: Dǎɣ awa atiwazayan, ilil waynayan ən génétique eqal ayhan dǎɣ amširšir génome wa anaftaɣ.