Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: Other works in the late 19th, 20th and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in unique and creative ways, such as performance art.
Tamasheq: Alxidmăten tiyyad n ušray n awatay wan 1900, 2000 d wan 2021 sabbuqen tiɣir tiyyad daɣ abara tan iyyad d n uɣna šund performance art.
English: John Cage is regarded by many as a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term.
Tamasheq: John Cage ijjan ti addinat iyyad ag-gu issănan ilan musnăt ohun composer kuddeɣ as assof isim wan ušrăy
English: The applied arts includes fields such as industrial design, illustration, and commercial art.
Tamasheq: Applied Arts ahan ti izaragan šund design win izin tan, win taliwen d tamašɣult n mamala
English: Within social sciences, cultural economists show how video games playing is conducive to the involvement in more traditional art forms and cultural practices, which suggests the complementarity between video games and the arts.
Tamasheq: Daɣ sciences social tan, ekonomist tan agna issiknăn immik wa s sulh in video tan tin dallol itiwi id s amutti s dumu tan n timăšɣulen tin alăsal n inhădan d timăšɣulen n agna azzilzămnen aharoj n videyo tan tin dallol d timăšɣulen tin inhădan
English: Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀρχι- "chief" and τέκτων "creator") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures.
Tamasheq: “Edey (Latin architectura, id ifalan Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton ""architekt"", from ἀρχι- ""amanokal"" and τέκτων ""amaxlak"") aqqalan fuk tamăšalt d asuj n iji n addăbara, aἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton ""architect"", from ἀρχι- ""chief"" and τέκτων ""creator"") aɣanni d edey n ihănan wi maqqornen meɣ tijităwen tiyyad”
English: The practice, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture for civilizations on all seven continents.
Tamasheq: Alxidmăt ta tassintăt daɣ iwityăn n attarex wan tizărat ijjnat xadăm n immik n alaɣi n agna i alxălan olaɣnen fal imidlăn win assa.
English: In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that "form follows function". "
Tamasheq: “Daɣ awătay wa 1900, Louis Sulivan illăɣat as “dumu ilkam i axădam net”””
English: Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication.
Tamasheq: Edey issinta daɣ amăgon s majrad n addinat edey ta s ijja efes net s erem har uɣna olaɣăn
English: During the European Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name.
Tamasheq: Daɣ iwityan n Eroba win aru, iššikilăn n Pan-Eroba win Katedral d bombertan win Roman d Gothic izjaran id as ijja awen Renaissance t assof dumu tan win alăsal ijjan albana tan ilănen isim
English: Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures.
Tamasheq: titbăqet tijja fal tikărsiwen ti eynăynen, isuj d dumu tan n tagămšaɣt răqqosnen ijjanen abara i ideyan wi šăjrotnen
English: A unifying or coherent form or structure.
Tamasheq: Dumu asirtăyan meɣ ilan almăɣna meɣ tijittăwt.
English: The most important aspect of beauty was, therefore, an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially, and was based on universal, recognisable truths.
Tamasheq: Titbăqet ta t ojjărat n tihusay taqqal ašrut n harat ohun harat iltăɣan tolas ijja fal tiditen ilsanen alɣalim, fal tijja taridăwt
English: In the 16th century, Italian Mannerist architect, painter and theorist Sebastiano Serlio wrote Tutte L’Opere D’Architettura et Prospetiva (Complete Works on Architecture and Perspective).
Tamasheq: Daɣ awătay wan 1600, albănna n Mannerist wan Italia, amădloj d Sebastiano Serlio iktăban Tutte L’Opere D’Architettura et Prospetiva (alxidmăten imdanen fal Architecture d Perspective)
English: Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
Tamasheq: “Edey wan Gothic, Pugin orda as eqqal “””dumu n edey wan tiditt n kriken tan”””.
English: Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are Rationalism, Empiricism, Structuralism, Poststructuralism, Deconstruction and Phenomenology.
Tamasheq: Daɣ tiɣir tin išikil n musnăt ti ornanen albănna tan win amărad d tazujišt n iɣănnan win ideyăn imosan Rationalism, Empiriciism , Structuralism; Poststructuralism, afatay n ideyan d Phenomenology.
English: The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged.
Tamasheq: Edey d aqqud nasan n alxălan wi olaɣnen n alasal šund Greek Roman izjaran id anniyăten n addinat ohun win kel addin tolas išikilăn ideyan eynăynen izjăran id
English: Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time.
Tamasheq: Ikitbăn fal edey iktăban daɣ alwaq wan aru
English: Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity.
Tamasheq: Edey hullan wan Buddist isikna ijjit n uzlay daɣ rejion tan
English: The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents.
Tamasheq: Tazilzimt tan albănna taqqal harkuk tan master mason meɣ Magister lathomorum šund immik wa s affisaran alwăqqan iyyad daɣ alkittăban win amărad
English: Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio – and the cult of the individual had begun.
Tamasheq: Ihanan wi măqqornen tawaɣrin s isim n albănna tan - Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio - tolas issinta id amman s awădim
English: Formal architectural training in the 19th century, for example at École des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility.
Tamasheq: Teɣăre tan edey daɣ awătay wan 1900 , s almităl daɣ Ecole des Beaux-Arts wan France ikfa titbăqet i iɣanni n idalojan huskitnen d i mădroynen d tudăbat n iji net
English: Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine-made objects.
Tamasheq: Wa it aw assănan hullan daɣ win amos Deutscher Werkbund eɣran daɣ awatay wan 1907 i eɣnu isuj n maršin tan ikanen tulăɣay.
English: When modern architecture was first practised, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings.
Tamasheq: Alwaq wa id i taw axdam edey s tizarat, eqqal tamătikwayt tilat tijittăwen n almăɣna, n išikil n musnat d tihusăy
English: The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms, removing historical references and ornament in favor of functional details.
Tamasheq: Tazujišt tan albănna tan win ušray taqqal afănaz n ideyan n ihănan maqqornen s duu tan ɣas itakăsan samalan win attărex d idălojan s tufit n titbăqqa axdămnen
English: Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution, including steel-frame construction, which gave birth to high-rise superstructures.
Tamasheq: Albănna tan šund Mies van der Rohe, Philip Jonhson d Marcel Breuer axdăman i aɣanni n tihussăy ijjanen fal išikilan n isuj win ihanan wi maqornen d tikărsiwen tin edey wan ušrăyan, ijjanen mamăla n dumu tan n attarex wan alasal i dumu tan n tagămšakt s exyaz almaɣna d tišujišen id i s arɣas tamattit tan maršin tan eha edey wan ehan wan tazoli id erawan ideyan šăjrotnen
English: The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws.
Tamasheq: Timitikwăyen tin tizarat i aɣanni n ehan fuk maqqoran iknanat asimmăɣitar hullan tolas azilzamnat tiɣir azzarnen n haratan chund tahajjit, ichikil, taɣris, azruf d semɣar i achăreɣa tan win akal
English: Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with a profound effect on the architectural profession.
Tamasheq: Taɣrist n ahinzăzaɣ taqqal mušăkil maqqorat t ornăh at alxidmăt tan edey
English: This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment.
Tamasheq: Amutti wen maqqoran daɣ edey inta deɣ s ammutăy ideyan win lakkolăn fal ag-az n ahinzăzaɣ
English: The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.
Tamasheq: Green Building Council n LEED n Amrik wa dalen ( Tizrt daɣ energi d iɣanni n ahinzăzaɣ) sistem net wan ešwal issewăd wen
English: It can also be the initial design and plan for use, then later redesigned to accommodate a changed purpose, or a significantly revised design for adaptive reuse of the building shell.
Tamasheq: Addobăt ad eqqil iɣanni wan tizarat d addăbara i axadăm meɣ iɣanni iknan amutti i a ej i alxidmat net tan ideyan
English: Preliminary design of the vessel, its detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved.
Tamasheq: Iɣanni n vessel wa ezzaran, iɣanni net wa , edey , erem net, axadam, d amukin,asilmad d asibad net aqqalan timăšɣulen ti ahanen
English: Conversely, sacred architecture as a locale for meta-intimacy may also be non-monolithic, ephemeral and intensely private, personal and non-public.
Tamasheq: Ideyan win alwăli tan šund win ihanan win alxăram addoben ad war olen, awa war n itihij, tolas iskatan hullan, war oheran
English: With the rise of Christianity and Islam, religious buildings increasingly became centres of worship, prayer and meditation.
Tamasheq: Tiw-at tan addin wan kriken tan d al-islam , ihanan win aɣăbad aqqalan hullan ihanan win aɣabad, amud d asuɣal n inăsjam.
English: India was crisscrossed by trading routes of merchants from as far away as Siraf and China as well as weathering invasions by foreigners, resulting in multiple influences of foreign elements on native styles.
Tamasheq: India aɣlăyan tat id abara tan n mamăla n ălmusăbbiban id ifalnen Siraf d Chine hak id inafazan n inaftăɣan daɣ azzamanan išrayan s assăhaten ajjotnen n idiršan n inaftăɣan fal išikilan win kal akal
English: An existing example is at Nalanda (Bihar).
Tamasheq: Almităl it illan eqqal Nalanda (Bihar)
English: In accordance with changes in religious practice, stupas were gradually incorporated into chaitya-grihas (stupa halls).
Tamasheq: Daɣ semɣar n tamăttit n axadam n addin , stupas tajaš nat šaitya-grihas tan (stupa halls)
English: Buddhist temples were developed rather later and outside South Asia, where Buddhism gradually declined from the early centuries CE onwards, though an early example is that of the Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya in Bihar.
Tamasheq: Ihanan n aɣăbad win Buddist ijja efes nasan daɣ ušray tolas daɣ ajjama n Asia tan agala s inta a daɣ id ifannăz Buddism ɣur iwityan azzărnen n CE, kuddeɣ as almital ezzăran eqqal ehanan n aɣăbad wan Mahabodhi daɣ Bodh Gaya wan Bihar
English: In Hindu belief, the temple represents the macrocosm of the universe as well as the microcosm of inner space.
Tamasheq: Daɣ addin wan Hindu tan, ehan wan addin eqqal timɣare n alɣălim hak id tan n ammas n išinnăwan
English: It evolved over a period of more than 2000 years.
Tamasheq: Ammuttăy daɣ azzăman s ojjaran 2000 n awătay
English: In addition, brick replaced stone, classical order was less strictly observed, mosaics replaced carved decoration, and complex domes were erected.
Tamasheq: Tolas ,Iblag išray tahunt, anmillal wan alăsal wr ilkem i ašăreɣa, mosaik tan ijjaš nat edag n adaloj injafan d dome tan maqqornen idayan
English: The earliest styles in Islamic architecture produced 'Arab-plan' or hypostyle mosques during the Umayyad Dynasty.
Tamasheq: Išikilan wi azzărnen n ideyan win a-islam erawan id “addăbara n araban” meɣ timizdjidwen wara ni la afala daɣ malikiya tan Umayyad.
English: In iwan mosques, one or more iwans face a central courtyard that serves as the prayer hall.
Tamasheq: Daɣ timizjidăwen tin Iwan , iyyan meɣ iwan tan ajjotnen ikyadan siha s aɣalăy eqqalan wan amud
English: The top of the minaret is always the highest point in mosques that have one, and often the highest point in the immediate area.
Tamasheq: Isik n tamizjidă eqqal harkuk edag wa ojjaran hullan tišijrit daɣ timizjidăwen ilanen iyyan d alwaqqan iyyad edag wa ojjarăn tišijrit daɣ edag ehozăn
English: Consequently, mosque architects borrowed the shape of the bell tower for their minarets, which were used for essentially the same purpose – calling the faithful to prayer.
Tamasheq: Albanna tan wi timizjidăwen igrăwan id dumu n tazoli tan emăsli i isik n timizjidăwen s kala axdăman daɣ ittus olahan n inaɣbădan s amud
English: Although domes normally took on the shape of a hemisphere, the Mughals in India popularized onion-shaped domes in South Asia and Persia.
Tamasheq: Kuddeɣ as dome tan itkălan dumu tan n hemisphere , Mughals daɣ India izizjar ismăwan n dome tan wi ijjanen dumu wan albăsal daɣ Asia tan agala d Persia
English: Usually opposite the entrance to the prayer hall is the qibla wall, which is the visually emphasized area inside the prayer hall.
Tamasheq: Harkuk em wan ujjiš n amilallăy fal edag wan amud imosan aɣălay wan alqiblat eqqalan edag wa ilan akayad hullan daɣ edag wan amud
English: In the qibla wall, usually at its center, is the mihrab, a niche or depression indicating the'qibla wall.
Tamasheq: Daɣ aɣalay wan alqiblat ,harkuk daɣ ammas net ille Mihrab, edag meɣ adabon issikan aɣalay wan alqiblăt
English: The mihrab serves as the location where the imam leads the five daily prayers on a regular basis.
Tamasheq: Mihrab edag wa daɣ itaj al-imam imaddăn win sammos daɣ ašal
English: It consists of a nave, transepts, and the altar stands at the east end (see cathedral diagram).
Tamasheq: Ehe nave, transepts d altar azzuken siha s ašrut wan alqiblat (ikyid daɣ Katedral diagram).
English: Most architectural historians regard Michelangelo's design of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome as a precursor to the Baroque style; this can be recognized by broader interior spaces (replacing long narrow naves), more playful attention to light and shadow, extensive ornamentation, large frescoes, focus on interior art, and frequently, a dramatic central exterior projection.
Tamasheq: Kel attărex fuk win ideyan eha Michelangelos’s design wan St Peter’s Basilica daɣ Roma eqqalan imuzar daɣ išikil wan Baroque:awen addobat timăzzuyt net s ihandăgan win ammas maqqornen (šarreynen nave tan darosnen) iiji n anniyat hullan i efew d telay, adăloj inkašan, fresco tan maqqornen, ijji n anniyat daɣ tamăšɣult tan ammas d asukni daɣ ajjăma
English: While secular structures clearly had the greater influence on the development of modern architecture, several excellent examples of modern architecture can be found in religious buildings of the 20th century.
Tamasheq: Kuddeɣ as ideyan war oheran harat id addin ilan assăhat maqqorat fal efes n ideyan win ušray, almitălan ajjotnen olaɣnen n ideyan win ušray addoben ad a t ajrăwan daɣ ihanan n addin maqqornen n awătay wan 2000
English: It has been described as a "phalanx of fighters" turned on their tails and pointing heavenward.
Tamasheq: “It aw aɣir s isim wan “phalanx wan imakkunnăs”” šiwăkkat nen fal tidimbuwen nasan ahalan sa s alzănnat”
English: The Temple at Independence, Missouri was conceived by Japanese architect Gyo Obata after the concept of the chambered nautilus.
Tamasheq: Ehan ɣur alistexlăll ,Missouri ikne albănna n Japon s isim net Gyo Obata darat isim wan chambered nautilus
English: The Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń on the other hand is a much more traditional edifice.
Tamasheq: Basilica tan Our Lady tan Lichen taqqal s edag iyyan hullan ehan wan alăsal
English: An architectural style is a set of characteristics and features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable.
Tamasheq: Išikil n edey eqqal takămmust n samalan immojăɣnen edey meɣ a ti ikfan akayad daɣ attărex
English: Most architecture can be classified within a chronology of styles which changes over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new styles possible.
Tamasheq: Ideyan fuk addoben ad azunan daɣ anmillăl n iššikilan timutinen daɣ azzaman ahanen idăgan n dumu tan, mirda tan nasan d addin tan nasan meɣ ajjăraw n anniyaten eynaynen, teknoloji meɣ isuj sarɣas nen išškilan eynăynen.
English: At any time several styles may be fashionable, and when a style changes it usually does so gradually, as architects learn and adapt to new ideas.
Tamasheq: S alwaq fuk išikilan ajjotnen addoben ad aɣnin tolas alwaq wa id ammutăy išikil , alwaqqan iyyad itaj awen sollan fal as albănna tan aɣran tols ijjrăwan ta-ite teynăyat
English: For instance, Renaissance ideas emerged in Italy around 1425 and spread to all of Europe over the next 200 years, with the French, German, English, and Spanish Renaissances showing recognisably the same style, but with unique characteristics.
Tamasheq: Daɣ almităl, anniyaten tin Renaissance, t aw ajjraw nat tan Italia edes n awatay wan 1425 dihen ad ilsanat Eroba daɣ 200 n awatay ti ilkămnen id Renaissance tan France, Germany,Britania d Spania sakninen išikil olahan mušan s samălan iyyad
English: After an architectural style has gone out of fashion, revivals and re-interpretations may occur.
Tamasheq: Darat as ibas infa edey harat, isissiniyan d igamăkan iyyad ad ajjin
English: The Spanish mission style was revived 100 years later as the Mission Revival, and that soon evolved into the Spanish Colonial Revival.
Tamasheq: Iššikil n erakăf wan Spania inkar id daɣ 100 n awatay darat awa fal tanakra n erakăf dihen inkach sa s bere n tanăkra n takkiluwa n Spania
English: An example of Mannerist architecture is the Villa Farnese at Caprarola in the rugged country side outside of Rome.
Tamasheq: Almital n edey n Mannerist eqqal Villa Farnese daɣ Caprarola daɣ ašrut n addawlat wa ešɣad akinnas daɣ ajjama n Roma
English: Through Antwerp, Renaissance and Mannerist styles were widely introduced in England, Germany, and northern and eastern Europe in general.
Tamasheq: S Antwerp, iššikilan win Renaissance d Mannerist iknan ijjuš hullan n England, Germany d tamasna d alqiblat n Eroba
English: The Renaissance ideal of harmony gave way to freer and more imaginative rhythms.
Tamasheq: Ittus n Renaissance ijja abara i alxoriya d imitikwiyăn id anăzjum hullan
English: Architectural theory is the act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture.
Tamasheq: Mirda wan edey imos azănnisjumi, asiwil d akatab fal edey
English: Architectural theory is often didactic, and theorists tend to stay close to or work from within schools.
Tamasheq: Mirda wan edey alwaq iyyan n teɣare tolas kel mirda tan orakan hullan s meɣ axdăman daɣ lakkolăn
English: This does not mean, however, that such works did not exist, given that many works never survived antiquity.
Tamasheq: Awen war eqqel as alxidmaten šund tin war ti illenat išmad alxidmăten ajjotnen išraynat id iwityan win aru
English: Probably written between 27 and 23 BC, it is the only major contemporary source on classical architecture to have survived.
Tamasheq: Ehamiš iktab jir 27 d 23 n awatay data annabi ɣisa , eqqal taguhe ɣas tan iyyat maqqorat daɣ ušray fal edey n alasal wa id igaɣăran
English: It also proposes the three fundamental laws that architecture must obey, in order to be so considered: firmitas, utilitas, venustas, translated in the 17th century by Sir Henry Wotton into the English slogan firmness, commodity and delight (meaning structural adequacy, functional adequacy, and beauty).
Tamasheq: Ijja har ajjudi addăbara tan n karădat aššareɣa s ilzam a hasnat erdaɣ edey a fl erha ad eqqal: Firmitas, utilitas, venustas, iffăsar daɣ awatay wan 1700 Henry Wotton daɣ tangilist s agluy n tangalt, ilalan d tazude (s almɣna net aqqad n tijittawt, aqqad exdaman d tihussay)
English: Since the architectural theories were on structures, fewer of them were transcribed.
Tamasheq: Alwaq wa mirda tan win edey aqqalan fl tijittawen, i madroynen daɣ san ɣas afisar nen
English: These theories anticipated the development of Functionalism in modern architecture.
Tamasheq: Mirda tan win aš-aran id i efes n Functionalism edey wan ušray
English: This in turn formed the basis for Art Nouveau in the UK, exemplified by the work of Charles Rennie Mackintosh, and influenced the Vienna Secession.
Tamasheq: Awen eqqal tinattit i Art Nouveau daɣ UK s eqqal alxidmăt wan Charles Rennie Mackintosh almital d asaru hullan daɣ akinnas n tazunt wan Vienna
English: The generation born during the middle-third of the 19th century was largely enthralled with the opportunities presented by Semper's combination of a breathtaking historical scope and a methodological granularity.
Tamasheq: Addinat wi s tijja tiwit nasan daɣ ammas n awatay wan 1900 asidawat tan hullan taffawen tin asarti wa ijja Semper i tahirik n atkul n unfas i attarex d iddikud ilkaman i almăɣna
English: The Modern Movement rejected these thoughts and Le Corbusier energetically dismissed the work.
Tamasheq: Taqqimt tan ušray tanqur ta-ite tan tin tolas Corbusier ibda id alxidmat ten
English: Another influential planning theorist of this time was Ebenezer Howard, who founded the garden city movement.
Tamasheq: Aw mirda n addăbara iyyan n azzăman en eqqal Ebenezer Howar a eɣnan garden city movement
English: An early use of the term modern architecture in print occurred in the title of a book by Otto Wagner, who gave examples of his own work representative of the Vienna Secession with art nouveau illustrations, and didactic teachings to his students.
Tamasheq: Alxidmăt ta tazzrat s isim n edey wan ušray iwaran ilkădan ijja fal tasassăɣrăwt n alkittab wan Otto Wagner ikfan almitălan ajjotnen n alxidmăt net tijjat fal akinnas wan tazunt n Vienna id asidditi tan n art nouveau d asassaɣir n attalaba
English: Frank Lloyd Wright, while modern in rejecting historic revivalism, was idiosyncratic in his theory, which he conveyed in copious writing.
Tamasheq: Frank Lloyd Wright , kuddeɣ as išray daɣ ankur n asankar n attarex eqqal idiosyncratic daɣ attărex s asilmad daɣ akatab ajjen
English: Wright was more poetic and firmly maintained the 19th-century view of the creative artist as unique genius.
Tamasheq: Wright eqqal awadim n tinfusen hullan tolas ikna ag-az n akayad n awatay wan 1900 awnahad eqqalan alchin
English: This has also been the case with educators in academia like Dalibor Vesely or Alberto-Perez Gomez, and in more recent years this philosophical orientation has been reinforced through the research of a new generation of theorists (E.G. Jeffrey Kipnis or Sanford Kwinter).
Tamasheq: Awen daɣ idas imasăɣran daɣ academia šund Dalibor Vesely meɣ Alberto-Perez Gomez d daɣ iwityan hin okaynen tasidik n teɣare n musnat ten tassohat s farak n taqqimt n addinat n aw mirda tan eynaynen ( E.G Jeffrey Kipnis meɣ Sandford Kwinter)
English: Others, like Beatriz Colomina and Mary McLeod, expand historical understandings of architecture to include lesser or minor discourses that have influenced the development of architectural ideas over time.
Tamasheq: Iyyad šund Beatriz Colomina d Mary McLeod issewadan afaham n attarex wan edey eha afanaz meɣ a andarran daɣ majrad aqqalnen asaru i efes n ta-ite tan n edey daɣ azzaman
English: In their theories, architecture is compared to a language which can be invented and re-invented every time it is used.
Tamasheq: ăDaɣ mirda tan nasan, edey animakka id awal addoben ad eɣnu tolas alis eɣanni azzaman fuk id exdam
English: Since 2000, architectural theory has also had to face the rapid rise of urbanism and globalization.
Tamasheq: A ijja awatay wan 2000, mirda wan edey ilzam ti akayad daɣ aramad n tiw-at n ideyan daɣ iɣirman d annamittăf wa ijjan jir addawla tan