Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: Although something like code books is implied by the model, they are nowhere represented in the model, which creates many conceptual difficulties.
Tamasheq: Kuddeɣ as harat chund kod wan alkittaban ikke almaɣn n dumu , war ti illa edag ahan daɣ dumu , harat id erawan timɣutar ajjotnen n isim
English: Companies with limited resources may choose to engage in only a few of these activities, while larger organizations may employ a full spectrum of communications.
Tamasheq: Kompani tan ti ilanen alfayda tan darosnen addobat nat asinnafran i ijjuch n harat n alxidmaten as ijja awen taggayen ti maqqornen axdam nat s spectrum n majrad imdan
English: The information environment is the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information.
Tamasheq: Isalan win ahinzazaɣ iddikud n addinat , taggayen, d sistem tan wi sadaw nen, s ammatakway nen meɣ idas nen isalan
English: In verbal interpersonal communication there are two types of messages being sent: a content message and a relational message.
Tamasheq: Daɣ majrad wan jir addinat illan ti issin dumu tan n mesaj tan wi gallinen: awa ehan mesaj d mesaj n aharoj
English: This is the study of how individuals explain what causes different events and behaviors.
Tamasheq: Awen eqqal farakn immik wa s- afhaman addinat iddilil n haratan d axalan
English: Open and honest communication creates an atmosphere that allows family members to express their differences as well as love and admiration for one another.
Tamasheq: Majrad wa immoran d wan alɣaldil eɣan edag ijarawan i addinat n egadach ad allaɣanen anmizlayan nasan hak id tarha d tigemt n jir iman nasan
English: Researchers develop theories to understand communication behaviors.
Tamasheq: Kel farak ijjan efes n mirda tan i afaham n alxalan win majrad
English: This also includes a lack of expressing "knowledge-appropriate" communication, which occurs when a person uses ambiguous or complex legal words, medical jargon, or descriptions of a situation or environment that is not understood by the recipient.
Tamasheq: “ Awen ehay iban majrad “musnat toɣadat”” itaj in alwaq a id awadim allaɣat ismawan aqqanen eɣaf, tangalt meɣ afissar n talɣa meɣ ahinzazaɣ war ifhem muxattab”
English: Likewise, poor or outdated equipment, particularly the failure of management to introduce new technology, may also cause problems.
Tamasheq: Isuj wi labanen meɣ wi wassar nen , hullan anadar i awikkal n azujich n teknoloji teynayat addobat a aru muchakil tan
English: Examples might include an organizational structure which is unclear and therefore makes it confusing to know whom to communicate with.
Tamasheq: Almital tan addobat a tan ijjich edey wan ikannan war n ikna at w afham tolas isajraw tewaɣne n eɣaf i musnat n awadim wa dar itaj majrad
English: It is better if such words are avoided by using alternatives whenever possible.
Tamasheq: I olaɣan a fal ismawan chund win oyyan tan addinat s axadam n iyyan alwaq wa id addobat awen
English: However, research in communication has shown that confusion can lend legitimacy to research when persuasion fails.
Tamasheq: Hak id ijja awen, farak fal majrad asukna tewaɣne n eɣaf taddobet a t awy s taridawt fal fark alwaq wa id indar asiflas
English: It is when the sender is expressing a thought or a word but the receiver gives it a different meaning.
Tamasheq: Eqqal alwaq wa id almursal addobat ad allaɣat amedran net meɣ isim mucham almursaliya ikf-e almaɣna iyyan
English: This has, in turn, led to a notable change in the way younger generations communicate and perceive their own self-efficacy to communicate and connect with others.
Tamasheq: Awen eway s amutti maqqoran daɣ abara wa s tasawalan ichaɣiban wi id ichraynen tolas ikyidan daɣ tadabit nasan i majrad d aratay id wi yaden
English: Fear of being criticized – This is a major factor that prevents good communication.
Tamasheq: Tiksida n majrad labasan awen eqqal harat wa igadalan majrad olaɣan
English: This will not only boost your confidence but also improve your language and vocabulary.
Tamasheq: Awen ad issiwid taflis nak tolas isammuti awal nak d ismawan
English: Certain attitudes can also make communication difficult.
Tamasheq: Alxalan iyyad war assirɣasan majrad
English: The act of disambiguation regards the attempt of reducing noise and wrong interpretations, when the semantic value or meaning of a sign can be subject to noise, or in presence of multiple meanings, which makes the sense-making difficult.
Tamasheq: Ikus n tewaɣne n eɣaf amos erem n afanaz n takalt d ifahaman war n oɣed alwaq wa id alqim wan almaɣna meɣ almaɣna n achamol addobat a ti tajru taakalt meɣ daɣ emel n almaɣna tan ajjotnen s assahat nen almaɣna
English: For example: words, colours and symbols have different meanings in different cultures.
Tamasheq: Almital: Ismawan , dumu tan d ramaz tan ilan almaɣna tan ajjotnen daɣ agna tan ajjotnen
English: Understanding cultural aspects of communication refers to having knowledge of different cultures in order to communicate effectively with cross culture people.
Tamasheq: Afaham n ismawan n asiwil daɣ agna aqqalan fal akarach n musnat n agna tan ajjotnen i majrad hullan daɣ agna tan win jir addinat
English: It also includes sounds from throat and all these are greatly influenced by cultural differences across borders.
Tamasheq: Ahan ti imaslan ɣur tagorsayt tolas win fuk nasan iknan tan anmizlayan win jir agna tan tarna hullan s alxadudan nasan
English: This concept differs from culture to culture as the permissible space varies in different countries.
Tamasheq: Isim wen izlay daɣ agna s agna fal as edag wan turhajat izlay daɣ addawla tan
English: Some issues explaining this concept are pauses, silences and response lag during an interaction.
Tamasheq: Marsalan iyyad aqqal nen afaham n isim wen amosan tisibdad ; isusiman d ahuji data alwazab alwaq wa ijja asiwil
English: In different countries, the same gestures and postures are used to convey different messages.
Tamasheq: Daɣ addawla tan ajjotnen, ibarajan d alxalan t aw axdaman i asissiki n mesaj tan
English: Plant roots communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil.
Tamasheq: Ikewan n ahishk sawalan id rhizome bacteria, biffen d imudaran daɣ akal
English: In parallel they produce other volatiles to attract parasites which attack these herbivores.
Tamasheq: T-araw-an igdad iyyad id rakab nen farazit tan dallam nen imudaran win tatinen alammuz
English: The biochemicals trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, while if the same chemical molecules are not part of biotic messages, they do not trigger the fungal organism to react.
Tamasheq: Biochemicals n attagan biffen i ad alwazab s immik as ijja awen chemical molecules war aqqel nat achrut n mesaj tan biotic, war n attagan fungal organism i ad alwazab
English: Through quorum sensing, bacteria can sense the density of cells, and regulate gene expression accordingly.
Tamasheq: S tafrit tan quorum, bacteria addobat ad afri i anmisas n izirwan tolas aɣid gene tan s immik wen
English: Information, in a general sense, is processed, organised and structured data.
Tamasheq: Isalan, daɣ almaɣna oharan , amosan a isikansaken , oɣadan tolas ikrasan
English: Information is associated with data.
Tamasheq: Isalan osaɣan id data
English: Information can be transmitted in time, via data storage, and space, via communication and telecommunication.
Tamasheq: Isalan addoben ad ikiyan daɣ alwaq s aɣazan n isalan d edag s majrad d telecommunication
English: Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal).
Tamasheq: Isalan addoben ad akkoden daɣ dumu tan ajjotnen s iki d afaham (almital, isalan addoben akkudi daɣ iddikud n ichamolan meɣ akiyan s tadogant)
English: Uncertainty is inversely proportional to the probability of occurrence.
Tamasheq: Iban n ikus n ach-ak eqqal ikka a hin tudabat n iji net
English: Furthermore, Latin itself already contained the word īnfōrmātiō meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word information in English is not clear.
Tamasheq: Latin iman net ehay isim wan īnfōrmātiō s almaɣna net isim meɣ ta-ite mucham iddikud wa s addobat awen akarach n assahat fal efes n isim wan isialan daɣ tangilist war mallul
English: In modern Greek the word Πληροφορία is still in daily use and has the same meaning as the word information in English.
Tamasheq: Daɣ Greek tan amarad isim wan Πληροφορία har ajjudi exdam tolas ila almaɣna olahan id wan isim wan isalan daɣ tangilist
English: The field was fundamentally established by the works of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley in the 1920s, and Claude Shannon in the 1940s.
Tamasheq: abara iday hullan s alximaten tin Harry Nyquist d Ralph Hartley daɣ awatay wan 1920 d Claude Shannon daɣ awatay wan 1940
English: Entropy quantifies the amount of uncertainty involved in the value of a random variable or the outcome of a random process.
Tamasheq: Entropy d-akkad iddikud n iban n ikus n ach-ak ehan alqim n harat itimutiyan meɣ ittus t- ewad tamatikwayt
English: Important sub-fields of information theory include source coding, algorithmic complexity theory, algorithmic information theory, and information-theoretic security.
Tamasheq: Abara tan ajjotnen n mirda n isalan ehay kod musadari, algorithm complexity theory, algorithm information theory d information-theoritic security
English: In his book Sensory Ecology biophysicist David B. Dusenbery called these causal inputs.
Tamasheq: Daɣ alkittaban net Sensory Ecology Biophysicist David B. Dusenbery eɣra s intaj tan n iddililan
English: In practice, information is usually carried by weak stimuli that must be detected by specialized sensory systems and amplified by energy inputs before they can be functional to the organism or system.
Tamasheq: Isalan harkuk eway tan stimuli ibraran s ilzam musnat net s sistem tan n tanafrit tolas imɣarn s tirjiten n enerji data tudabat nasan i axadam i taɣissa meɣ sistem
English: The sequence of nucleotides is a pattern that influences the formation and development of an organism without any need for a conscious mind.
Tamasheq: Iddikud n nucleotides amos dumu ojjaran assahat tartit d efes n taɣissa wala derhan n ta-ite tilat tinifruyt
English: In other words, it can be said that information in this sense is something potentially perceived as representation, though not created or presented for that purpose.
Tamasheq: Daɣ tifert iyyat, addobat ad atwan as isalan daɣ almaɣna wen amosan harat ilahan akayad n chund asimal kuddeɣ war id eɣna meɣ at-w-sakin daɣ ittus wen
English: Whether the answer provides knowledge depends on the informed person.
Tamasheq: Chund kud inta alwazab ehak musnat eqqal fal awadim wa han isalan
English: This is the informational equivalent of almost 61 CD-ROM per person in 2007.
Tamasheq: Awen amos a ogdahan id 61 CD-ROM daɣ isalan s awadim fuk daɣ awatay wan 2007
English: Sound records management ensures that the integrity of records is preserved for as long as they are required.
Tamasheq: Awikkal n iɣazanan n asahaɣ asitbat akamal n iɣazanan eɣlas a ijja aqqalan a ilzaman
English: Beynon-Davies explains the multi-faceted concept of information in terms of signs and signal-sign systems.
Tamasheq: Beynon-Daives afassar almaɣna tifert tilat dumu tan ajjotnen n isalan siha s nehal tan d sistem tan n tadogant s nehal
English: Pragmatics is concerned with the purpose of communication.
Tamasheq: Pragmatics t ijja fal ittus wan majrad
English: In other words, pragmatics link language to action.
Tamasheq: Daɣ tifert iyyat, Pragmatics t osaɣ awal d tamachɣult
English: Semantics is the study of the meaning of signs - the association between signs and behaviour.
Tamasheq: Semantics t amos teɣare n almaɣna wan nehal tan - taggayt jir nehal tan d alxal
English: Syntax as an area studies the form of communication in terms of the logic and grammar of sign systems.
Tamasheq: Syntax t amos teɣare n dumu n majrad daɣ sistem n nehal oɣadan d grammar
English: He introduces the concept of lexicographic information costs and refers to the effort a user of a dictionary must make to first find, and then understand data so that they can generate information.
Tamasheq: Azojjach tifert tan alqim tan win isalan n lexicography tolas t aqqal fal assahat s ilzam a tat ej anaxdim s alkittab wa daɣ artay nat tifir i ad ijru tolas dihen ifham data tan i ad udaben ihuk n isalan
English: In a communicative situation intentions are expressed through messages that comprise collections of inter-related signs taken from a language mutually understood by the agents involved in the communication.
Tamasheq: Daɣ ittusan n talɣa tan majrad at w alaɣat s mesaj tan ahan isidiwan n nehal tan osaɣ nen id ammitkal nen daɣ awal afhaman addinat fuk amijrad nen
English: Information visualization (shortened as InfoVis) depends on the computation and digital representation of data, and assists users in pattern recognition and anomaly detection.
Tamasheq: Asukin n isalan (InfoVis) ilkam i asimal wan computation d digital data tolas idahhal inaxdiman daɣ musnat n dumu d ajaraw n albas
English: The term is generally employed in sociology and the other social sciences as well as in philosophy and bioethics.
Tamasheq: Tifert taxdam hullan daɣ sociology d science tan tiyyad hak id filozofi d bioethics
English: In developing societies it may be mainly based on kinship and shared values while more developed societies accumulate various theories as to what contributes to a sense of solidarity, or rather, social cohesion.
Tamasheq: Daɣ timizdaɣ ahal nen siha s data addobatt a ej hullan fal temedt d alqim tan azun nen as ijja timizdaɣ ti ajjuch nen daɣ efes issedaw nat mirda tan ajjotnen n awa eqqalan tirjit i anmadhal ohun tartit tolaɣat n tamazduq
English: Durkheim introduced the terms mechanical and organic solidarity as part of his theory of the development of societies in The Division of Labour in Society (1893).
Tamasheq: Durkheim azojjach tifir tin anmadhal n as eqqal achrut n mirda net wan efes n timizdaɣ daɣ Division of Labour in Society (dav awatay wan 1893)
English: Collins Dictionary of Sociology, p405-6.
Tamasheq: Collins alkittab wa daɣ artay nat tifir tin sociology, p405 har 406
English: Definition: it is social cohesion based upon the dependence which individuals have on each other in more advanced societies.
Tamasheq: Almaɣna : Tartit tolaɣat tijat fal anmadhal wa illan jir addinat daɣ timizdaɣ ti ewad nen s data hullan
English: Early ancient philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle discuss solidarity as a virtue ethics framework because in order to live a good life one must perform actions and behave in a way that is in solidarity with the community.
Tamasheq: Filozof tan wi azzarnen n aru chund Socrates d Aristote issewalan fal anmadhal as eqqal emarked fal as tamudre t olaɣat t azilzam timachɣulen d alxal daɣ abara wan anmadhal id addinat
English: The modern practice of bioethics is significantly influenced by Immanuel Kant's concept of the Categorical Imperative.
Tamasheq: Alxidmat tan amarad n bioethics tiknet tifert tan Emanuel kant n Category Imperative omar hullan
English: Foreign-area studies were virtually nonexistent.
Tamasheq: Tiɣir tin edag wan ajjama daɣ akayad war t illenat
English: The former became area-studies advocates, the latter proponents of modernization theory.
Tamasheq: Wan aru eqqal tiɣir tin edag ansar tan win uchray n moderniation theory
English: From 1953 to 1966 it contributed $270 million to 34 universities for area and language studies.
Tamasheq: ɣur awatay wan 1953 har 1966 idhal s 270 dolar 34 n lakkol wa maqqoran i tiɣir n edag d awal
English: Other large and important programs followed Ford's.
Tamasheq: Program tan tiyyad maqqornen tolas assohat nen ilkam nat i Ford
English: Others insisted, however, that once they were established on university campuses, area studies began to encompass a much broader and deeper intellectual agenda than the one foreseen by government agencies, thus not American centric.
Tamasheq: Iyyad allaɣen as alwaq wa id ijjan fal tehaniten tin lakkolan wi maqqornen , tiɣir tin issintanat asirtay n xuttat tan n ta-ite hullan ohun ta aɣil nat taggayen tin alxakum wadden tin American centric
English: Other interdisciplinary research fields such as women's studies, gender studies, disability studies, LGBT studies and ethnic studies (including African American studies, Asian American studies, Latino studies, Chicano studies and Native American studies) are not part of area studies but are sometimes included in discussion along with it.
Tamasheq: Izarajan tiyyad n farak jir majal tan chund tiɣir tin deden , tiɣir tin jansy tan, tiɣir tin alɣib , tiɣir tin LGBT d tiɣir tin tawset (eha tiɣir tin kel afrikiya win amerik, tiɣir tin kel Asia n Amerik, tiɣir tin Latino, tiɣir tin Chicano d tiɣir tin Ameriken win kel akal) war ahenat achrut n tiɣir edag mucham alwaqqan iyyad ahanat adiwinni ijjan
English: Demography (from prefix demo- from Ancient Greek δῆμος (dēmos) meaning 'the people', and -graphy from γράφω (graphō) meaning 'writing, description or measurement') is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings.
Tamasheq: Demography (ɣur prefix demo-id izjaran Greek wan aru δῆμος (dēmos) s almaɣna net “” addinat” d graphy id izjaran γράφω (graphō) s almaɣna net “ akatab, afissar n samalan meɣ eket) amos teɣare n iddidkud n ichaɣib tan hullan addinat
English: Patient demographics form the core of the data for any medical institution,such as patient and emergency contact information and patient medical record data.
Tamasheq: Patient demographics t amos olh n data i tijittawt fuk n assexat chund isalan wi arorad nen n amirhan d data wan assexat n aɣazan
English: The term Demography refers to the overall study of population.
Tamasheq: Tifert tan Demography taqqal fal teɣare n ichaɣib fuk net
English: In the Middle ages, Christian thinkers devoted much time in refuting the Classical ideas on demography.
Tamasheq: Daɣ Middle Ages, imaɣran win kriken tan ijjan azzaman ajjen unjayan s ta-ite tan tin alasala n demography
English: One of the earliest demographic studies in the modern period was Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality (1662) by John Graunt, which contains a primitive form of life table.
Tamasheq: Iyyat daɣ tiɣir n demography ta tazzarat daɣ azzaman wan uchray amos Natural d Political Observations ijjanen fal Bills of Mortality (1662) ijja John Graunt eha dumu aruwan n tabel n tamudre
English: His work influenced Thomas Robert Malthus, who, writing at the end of the 18th century, feared that, if unchecked, population growth would tend to outstrip growth in food production, leading to ever-increasing famine and poverty (see Malthusian catastrophe).
Tamasheq: Alxidmat net t ikna omar hullan n Thomas Maltus iktaban daɣ amindi n awatay wan 1800 as aksud a fal war ijjen addinat anniyat, tiw-at n ichaɣib at aki tan attaɣam harat id za aruwan manna d tilaqquwa (ikyid albanna wan Maltusian)
English: A census is the other common direct method of collecting demographic data.
Tamasheq: Tuddant t aqqal tikarsay iyyat t oharat n asidu n isalan win demography
English: Analyses are conducted after a census to estimate how much over or undercounting took place.
Tamasheq: Imiyizan ijjanen darat tuddant i musnat n iddikud n tiw-at meɣ immik wa s ijja erk medan
English: Other indirect methods in contemporary demography include asking people about siblings, parents, and children.
Tamasheq: Tikarsiwen t iyyad war n oɣed daɣ demography tan amarad ehenat asistan n fal imaqqaran , imarawan d ilyadan
English: They include models of mortality (including the life table, Gompertz models, hazards models, Cox proportional hazards models, multiple decrement life tables, Brass relational logits), fertility (Hernes model, Coale-Trussell models, parity progression ratios), marriage (Singulate Mean at Marriage, Page model), disability (Sullivan's method, multistate life tables), population projections (Lee-Carter model, the Leslie Matrix), and population momentum (Keyfitz).
Tamasheq: Ahan tan dumu tan n tamattant (eha tabel n tamudre, dumu tan n Gompertz, Hazards modles, cox proportional Hazards, tabel tan ajjotnen n afanaz n tamudre, Brass relational logists), tanalmut (dumu wan Hernes, dumu tan win Coale-Trussel, parity progression ratios), adubin (awatay n awadim war n adoban, Page model), alɣib (tikarsay tan Sullivan, tabel tan n tamudre ), ikayadan n ichaɣib (dumu wan Lee-Carter, Leslie Matrix) d imitikwayan n ichaɣib)
English: The age-specific fertility rates, the annual number of live births per 1,000 women in particular age groups (usually age 15–19, 20-24 etc.)
Tamasheq: Iddikud n tanelmut n awatay, iddikud n tiwiten daɣ awatay daɣ 1000 n tamadt daɣ taqqimen n awatay (awatay jir 15 har 19, 20 har 24)
English: The expectation of life (or life expectancy), the number of years that an individual at a given age could expect to live at present mortality levels.
Tamasheq: Taɣrist t amos iddikud n iwityan s addobat awadim a tan orda i tamudre har ihandagan win tamattant
English: A stationary population, one that is both stable and unchanging in size (the difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate is zero).
Tamasheq: Ichaɣib azzuken amos wa ibdadan tolas war itimuti iddikud net ( anmizlay jir iddikud n tiwit d iddikud wan tamattant eqqal bannan)
English: Note that the crude death rate as defined above and applied to a whole population can give a misleading impression.
Tamasheq: Almid as iddikud wan tamattant s immik wa s afissar s afalla tolas ijja fal ichaɣib fuk addobat ad eqqil axarok
English: Individuals who change their ethnic self-labels or whose ethnic classification in government statistics changes over time may be thought of as migrating or moving from one population subcategory to another.
Tamasheq: Addinat wi addobat nen asimmuti n tehne tan nasan meɣ wi s amaskat nasan daɣ medan wan alxakum ammutay daɣ azzaman addoben ad aqqilan a imitakwayan meɣ a iffalan ɣur ichaɣib iyyan s wa yadan
English: The figure in this section shows the latest (2004) UN projections of world population out to the year 2150 (red = high, orange = medium, green = low).
Tamasheq: Esassar daɣ edag wen issikna ikayadan wi tija taggayt n alɣalim tan ichaɣib daɣ awatay wan (2004) har awatay wan 2150 (tachuɣe=ojjar, taruɣe= ammas, taddawlat= ifnaz)
English: Mortality is the study of the causes, consequences, and measurement of processes affecting death to members of the population.
Tamasheq: Iddikud n tamattant amos teɣare n iddililan, tikmawen d eket n timitikwayen immar nen tamattant n ichaɣib
English: Migration researchers do not designate movements 'migrations' unless they are somewhat permanent.
Tamasheq: Addinat wi ijjanen farak fal ahunin war ɣur san aqqelan imitikwiyan “”ahunin” har umasan a eɣlalan
English: Demography is today widely taught in many universities across the world, attracting students with initial training in social sciences, statistics or health studies.
Tamasheq: Demography tiw-aɣar hullan daɣ lakkol tan wi maqqornen daɣ alɣalim,rakkab id attalaba tan tidas teɣare tan socila sciences, medan meɣ tiɣir tin assexat
English: In this respect, one can see information science as a response to technological determinism, the belief that technology "develops by its own laws, that it realizes its own potential, limited only by the material resources available and the creativity of its developers.
Tamasheq: “ Daɣ semɣar wen, addobat awadim akayad n science tan isalan chund alwazab i technological determinism, medran n as technology “”ta ijjan achareɣa tan net, as tewad assahat net, s aqqalan isuj wi it illanen iyaka d uɣna n addinat wi ijjanen efes net”
English: It is concerned with that body of knowledge relating to the origination, collection, organization, storage, retrieval, interpretation, transmission, transformation, and utilization of information.
Tamasheq: Eqqal fal taɣissa n musnat orakan s uɣna , asidu, amukin, aɣazan,achinchach, afaham, asissiki, amuti d axadam n isalan