Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: This is especially true when related to the concept developed by A. I. Mikhailov and other Soviet authors in the mid-1960s.
Tamasheq: Awen eqqal tiditt alwaq wa id orak s tifert s ijja A. I. Mikhailov efes net d inaktuban iyyad n Unyon Sovietik daɣ tazune n awatay wan 1960
English: Definitions reliant on the nature of the tools used for deriving meaningful information from data are emerging in Informatics academic programs.
Tamasheq: Ifissiran ijjanen fal annuɣ n isuj at axdamnen i ikus n isalan ilanen almaɣna daɣ data tan zajaran id program tan n teɣare tan Informatics
English: It can be used to reason about the entities within that domain and may be used to describe the domain.
Tamasheq: Addobat ad eqqil iddilil fal taggayen ahanen ezaraj wen tolas addobat ad exdam i almud n samal n ezaraj wen
English: Traditionally, their work has been with print materials, but these skills are being increasingly used with electronic, visual, audio, and digital materials.
Tamasheq: Daɣ alasal, alxidmat nasan tija fal isuj wi iwarnen alkad mucham musnaten tin at aw axdam nat hullan daɣ isuj win elektronik, win akayad, win emasli d win digital
English: Institutionally, information science emerged in the 19th century along with many other social science disciplines.
Tamasheq: Isalan win science izjaran id daɣ awatay wan 1900 hak id majal tan iyyad ajjotnen n social sciences
English: In 1731, Benjamin Franklin established the Library Company of Philadelphia, the first library owned by a group of public citizens, which quickly expanded beyond the realm of books and became a center of scientific experiment, and which hosted public exhibitions of scientific experiments.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awatay wan 1731, Benjamin Franklin assiday Library Company tan Phildaelphia , ehan n alkittaban wa ezzaran tikrach taqqimt n addinat t anfaz -at daɣ armud sihen i ezaraj wan alkittaban tolas t aqqal ammas n amiyiz wan sicence tolas isukni tan n imiyizan win science
English: In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a punched card system to control operations of the cloth weaving loom in France.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awatay wan 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard eɣna id sistem n kart i awikkal n azamay n imalsan daɣ France
English: By 1843 Richard Hoe developed the rotary press, and in 1844 Samuel Morse sent the first public telegraph message.
Tamasheq: ɣur awatay wan 1843 Richard Hoe ikna rotary press tolas daɣ awaty wan 1844 Samuel Morse isassaway mesaj n telegraph wa ezzaran
English: In 1860 a congress was held at Karlsruhe Technische Hochschule to discuss the feasibility of establishing a systematic and rational nomenclature for chemistry.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awatay wan 1860 taɣaymit tijja daɣ Karlsruhe Technische Hochschule fal asiwil n tudabat n edey n nomenclature n chemistry
English: The following year the Royal Society began publication of its Catalogue of Papers in London.
Tamasheq: Awatay wan ilkaman Royal Society t asinta izizjiran n Catalogue of Papers daɣ Londre.
English: Many information science historians cite Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine as the fathers of information science with the founding of the International Institute of Bibliography (IIB) in 1895.
Tamasheq: Kel attarex ajjotnen n isalan win science aɣran Paul Otlet d Henri La Fontaine s abba tan n isalan win science ɣur akaros wan International Insitute of Bibliography (IIB) daɣ awatay wan 1895
English: Documentalists emphasized the utilitarian integration of technology and technique toward specific social goals.
Tamasheq: Documentalist tan asilmadan fal ujjich n teknoloji d teknik n ittusan n tamazduq
English: Otlet and Lafontaine established numerous organizations dedicated to standardization, bibliography, international associations, and consequently, international cooperation.
Tamasheq: Otlet d Lafontaine iknan taggayen ajjotnen ijjanen i tuɣid , bibliography, taggayen tin jir ikallan d anaxdam n jir addawla tan
English: This collection involved standardized paper sheets and cards filed in custom-designed cabinets according to a hierarchical index (which culled information worldwide from diverse sources) and a commercial information retrieval service (which answered written requests by copying relevant information from index cards).
Tamasheq: Asidu wen ehay standarized paper sheets d karti tan idnay nen daɣ biraw tan aɣna nen s alasal s immik wan hierarchical index (wa immasan isalan daɣ alɣalim n almasdar tan ajjotnen) d sarwis wan asidu n isalan win mamala (ehak in alwazab isistanan iktab nen s asigbar n isalan n index cards)
English: Additionally, traditional boundaries among disciplines began to fade and many information science scholars joined with other programs.
Tamasheq: Alxadudan win alasal jir majal tan issintan as iban infan harat tolas isalan ajjotnen n imaɣran win science ijjachan program tan tiyyad
English: The 1980s also saw the emergence of numerous special interest groups to respond to the changes.
Tamasheq: Awatay wan 1980 imal ti efes n taaqqimen n afor ajjotnen i alwazab n imuttiyan
English: Zhang, B., Semenov, A., Vos, M. and Veijlainen, J. (2014).
Tamasheq: Zhang. B, Semenov, A. Vos ? d Veijlainen, J (2014)
English: Sharing through social media has become so influential that publishers must "play nice" if they desire to succeed.
Tamasheq: “ Tuzant s social media eqqam a assohen har publisher tan ilzam tan “”dallol olaɣan” a fal aderhanan arabax”
English: It is for this reason that these networks have been realized for the potential they provide. "
Tamasheq: “ Fal iddilil wen as rezo tan aɣnan fal assaha ta hak in”””
English: What about assigning privileges and restricting access to unauthorized users?
Tamasheq: Indek awa a fal ijrawan addinat iyyad semɣaran d agdul n ijjuch i user tan war n ijrew turhajat?
English: It is an emerging discipline and community of practice focused on bringing together principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape.
Tamasheq: Taqqal majal id tizajarat d aljamaɣat n tamachɣult tijat fal asirtay n tisittiɣhal n uɣna d edey s digital landscape
English: Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called "information overload".
Tamasheq: “ Sistem tan n asidu isalan win iman nasan at w axdaman i afanaz n awa s itawan “”azuk n isalan”
English: An information retrieval process begins when a user enters a query into the system.
Tamasheq: Tamatikwayt n asidu n isalan tissinta alwaq wa id user azojach asistan daɣ sistem
English: Instead, several objects may match the query, perhaps with different degrees of relevancy.
Tamasheq: Haratan ajjotnen addoben ad alahan id asistan , ehamich s iddikud tan izlaynen n aqqud
English: Depending on the application the data objects may be, for example, text documents, images, audio, mind maps or videos.
Tamasheq: Ilkaman i aplikasyon , haratan win data addoben daɣ almital ad aqqilan ilkadan, taliwen,emasli, karti tan n ta-ite meɣ videyo tan
English: Information seeking is related to, but different from, information retrieval (IR).
Tamasheq: Iyur n isalan orak asidu n isalan kuddeɣ as anmazlayan (IR)
English: Logic is used to supply formal semantics of how reasoning functions should be applied to the symbols in the KR system.
Tamasheq: Mantiq exdam ihuk n formal semantics n immik wa s timachɣulen ilzam ad asaxdam nasnat i rams tan daɣ sistem wan KR
English: It was also a common belief that natural disasters such as famine and flood were divine retributions bearing signs of Heaven's displeasure with the ruler, so there would often be revolts following major disasters as the people saw these calamities as signs that the Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn.
Tamasheq: Eqqal medran oharan n as albana tan chund manna d anji aqqalan timzal n alxalak ahanat timtar n iban tidawit n alzannat fal amanokal ,daɣ awen a ti imil nat tinakriwen ilkam nen i albana tan maqqornen fal as addinat ijja ɣur san as albana tan win amosan timtar n as Mandate of Havean at-w-arkab
English: The concept is in some ways similar to the European concept of the divine right of kings; however, unlike the European concept, it does not confer an unconditional right to rule.
Tamasheq: Tifert t olah s ihandagan iyyad id tifert tan Eroba n alxaq wan almalik tan, a izlayan id tifert tan Kel Eroba, war hak alxaq i axakam s iban iddililan
English: The Mandate of Heaven was often invoked by philosophers and scholars in China as a way to curtail the abuse of power by the ruler, in a system that had few other checks.
Tamasheq: The Mandate of Heaven ɣarrin ti filozof tan d imaɣran alwaq iyyan daɣ Chine chund immik n afanaz n tanaya n amanokal tokayat amaku daɣ sistem ilan harat n checks tan iyyad
English: Notably, the dynasty lasted for a considerable time during which 31 kings ruled over an extended period of 17 generations.
Tamasheq: Silalat tija azzaman ajjen daɣ anmachrayan 31 n almalik tanaya daɣ 17 n jil tan
English: As time went on, however, the rulers' abuse of the other social classes led to social unrest and instability.
Tamasheq: Kuddeɣ as itiki azzaman,iban tigdaht daɣ achareɣa n amanoka fal tilaqqawen ti yadnen eraw id tinakriwen n addinat d iban tizgawt
English: They created the Mandate of Heaven to explain their right to assume rule and presumed that the only way to hold the mandate was to rule well in the eyes of Heaven.
Tamasheq: Aɣnan id Mandate of Heaven i asifham n alxaq nasan n axakam tolas ordan as abara wan iyyan ɣas i akarach n mandate amos axakam olaɣan i amaxlak
English: However, in order to appease some of the citizens, they allowed some Shang beneficiaries to continue governing their small kingdoms in compliance with Zhou rules and regulations.
Tamasheq: I asismad n addinat iyyad, ikfan turhajat i mustafid tan win Shang i axakam ijlan n almalikiya tan madroynen daɣ lakkumat n achareɣa win Zhou
English: They also excelled in shipbuilding, which, coupled with their discovery of celestial navigation, made them excellent mariners.
Tamasheq: Iknan milɣaw daɣ akaros fal aman ,ertayan id asafukkar nasan i celestial navigation,ijjan tan imassukal olaɣnen fal aman
English: Most of these works are commentaries on the progress and political movement of the dynasty.
Tamasheq: Ajjen daɣ alxidmaten tin amosan almital tan fal iki n s data d amatikway n folitik wan silalat
English: Their works primarily stressed the importance of the ruling class, respect, and their relationship with the lower class.
Tamasheq: Alxidmaten nasan asilmad nat fal tinfa n imuzaran , semɣar d aharoj nasan id tilaqqawen
English: Within these districts were administrators who were appointed by the government, in return, they had to maintain their allegiance to the main internal government.
Tamasheq: Daɣ tiɣarmaten tin imannaɣafan wi itkal alxakum ,ilzam tan ixlas i alxakum wan ammas
English: Finally, when the Zhou dynasty's power decreased, it was wiped out by the State of Qin, which believed that the Zhou had become weak and their rule unjust.
Tamasheq: Alwaq wa id tanaya tan silalat tan Zhou tifnaz, imas tat in Qin ordan as Zhou ibas ti ha assahat tolas axakam net war ilkem i achareɣa
English: During this reformation, administrative changes were made and a system of legalism was developed which stated that the law is supreme over every individual, including the rulers.
Tamasheq: Azzaman wan reformation, imutiyan ijjan tolas sistem n legalism eɣna,allaɣat as achareɣa tojjar awadim fuk hak id imanokalan
English: The establishment of the Han dynasty marked a great period in China’s history marked by significant changes in the political structure of the country.
Tamasheq: Akaros wan silalat tan Han amos azzaman maqqoran daɣ attarex wan Chine ijjan imutiyan maqqornen siha s tarrayt tan folitik n addawla
English: A major purpose was to establish justification for the transference of the Mandate of Heaven through these five dynasties and thus to the Song dynasty.
Tamasheq: Ittus maqqoran amos edey n asidittu n asissiwi n Mandate of Heaven s sammosat silalat tan tolas s silalat tan Song
English: They also held considerably more territory than any of the other Chinese states that had existed conterminously in the south.
Tamasheq: Ikrachan tolas akal ojjaran hullan wan addawla tan fuk t iyyad n Chine s kala ti illanat daɣ emaynaj
English: The brutal behavior of Zhu Wen and the Later Liang was a source of considerable embarrassment, and thus there was pressure to exclude them from the Mandate.
Tamasheq: Alxal wa samoman n Zhu Wen d darat awa Liang amos iddilil n tamaɣatert maqqorat tolas timal ti tazagit i askut nasan daɣ Ma,date
English: However, Kublai Khan was the only indifferent ruler when he claimed the Mandate of Heaven over the Yuan Dynasty since he had a sizable military and was part of the Khitan people, as with many others from the same background since they did not have the same traditions and culture as their Chinese adversaries.
Tamasheq: Kublai Khan amos amanokal wan iyyan anmazlayan alwaq wa id amajrad s Mandate of Heaven fal silalat tan Yuan fal as ila militer tolas amos iyyan daɣ addinat win Khitan chund iyyad ajjotnen n edag olahan fal as war olahan tumasen d agna tan chund xasam tan nasan win Chine
English: It was solely politics from beginning to end and an attempt from the emperor to maintain a favorable act towards Heaven.
Tamasheq: Amos folitik ɣas ɣur asinti har amindi net tolas erem n almalik i ag-az n harat infan s alzannat
English: The Right of Rebellion is not coded into any official law.
Tamasheq: Alxaq wan tamarud war akkodat daɣ achareɣa fuk n alxakum
English: Since the winner is the one who determines who has obtained the Mandate of Heaven and who has lost it, some Chinese scholars consider it to be a sort of Victor's justice, best characterized in the popular Chinese saying "The winner becomes king, the loser becomes outlaw" (Chinese: “成者爲王，敗者爲寇”).
Tamasheq: “ Ichmad wa ornan amos wa itassanan mi ijrawan Mandate of Heavon tolas mi fal it aba, imaɣran n Chine iyyad ijja ɣur san as amos Victor’s Justice, ijja samal olaɣan daɣ tinna tan Chine “”Fa-iz i taqqal almalik, xasiru i taqqal ansjafa””” (Chinese: “成者爲王，敗者爲寇”)."
English: The kingdom of Silla is also said to be adopted the Mandate of Heaven, but the earliest records are from Joseon Dynasty, which made the Mandate of Heaven an enduring state ideology.
Tamasheq: Almalikiyat tan Silla at w allaɣat as inta deɣ tijja wote i Mandate of Heavon mucham iɣazanan wi azzarnen amosan silalat tan Joseon tijat Mandate of Heavon anasjum n addawla
English: The later and more centralized Vietnamese dynasties adopted Confucianism as the state ideology, which led to the creation of a Vietnamese tributary system in Southeast Asia that was modeled after the Chinese Sinocentric system in East Asia.
Tamasheq: Silalat tan n Vietnam tin uchray d ti ahanen ammas hullan atkal nat Confucianism chund anasjum wan addawla id erawan eɣan n sistem wan Vietnam daɣ Asia tan emaynaj daɣ alqiblat wa eqqal dumu darat Sinocentric sistem wan Chine daɣ Asia tan alqiblat
English: In later times, this need was obviated because the Imperial House of Japan claimed to be descended in an unbroken line from the Japanese sun goddess, Amaterasu.
Tamasheq: Daɣ azzaman wan uchray, derhan wen atwayya fal as Imperial House wan Japon allaɣat as azzubat id daɣ iyaka war n arriz n tamaxlak tan tafukt, Amaterasu
English: Even after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when the emperor was placed back in the center of the political bureaucracy, the throne itself had very little power vis-à-vis the Meiji oligarchy.
Tamasheq: Hak ik darat Meiji Restoration daɣ awatay wan 1868, alwaq wa id almalik ijjach ammas n biraw wan folitik, takabult iman net tila tanaya andarrat fal Meiji
English: Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media.
Tamasheq: Teɣare tan Media t amos majal tolas abara n teɣare eqqalan fal muxtawi , attarex d asar tan n media ajootnen hullan mass media
English: Media studies in Australia was first developed as an area of study in Victorian universities in the early 1960s, and in secondary schools in the mid 1960s.
Tamasheq: Teɣare n Media daɣ Australia ijja efes wan as amos edag n teɣare daɣ Lakkolan wi maqqornen n Victoria daɣ s tizart n awatay wan 1960 d lakkolan win ammas daɣ tazune n 1960
English: In secondary schools, an early film studies course first began being taught as part of the Victorian junior secondary curriculum during the mid 1960s.
Tamasheq: Daɣ lakkol tan win ammas, teɣare n film tazzarat tassinta at-w-aɣir chund a ehan manahij wan lakkol n Victoria wan ammas daɣ achrut n awatay wan 1960
English: It has since become, and continues to be, a strong component of the VCE.
Tamasheq: Eqqal ɣur alwaq wen har amarad muqawinat assohen n VCE
English: Media studies does not appear to be taught in the state of New South Wales at a secondary level.
Tamasheq: Teɣare tan media war tawaɣar lakkol wan ammas n addawla tan New South Wales
English: Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan are famous Canadian scholars for their contributions to the fields of media ecology and political economy in the 20th century.
Tamasheq: Harold Innis d Marshall McLuhan aqqalan imaɣran s izjaran ismawan nasan daɣ Canada fal tirjiten nasan i abara tan win media ecology d political economy daɣ awatay wan 2000
English: Carleton University and the University of Western Ontario, 1945 and 1946 prospectively, created Journalism specific programs or schools.
Tamasheq: Lakkol wa maqqoran n Carleton d Lakkol wa maqqoran n Western Ontario daɣ awatay wan 1945 d 1946 aɣnan program tan n journalism meɣ lakkol tan net
English: Today, most universities offer undergraduate degrees in Media and Communication Studies, and many Canadian scholars actively contribute to the field, among which: Brian Massumi (philosophy, cultural studies), Kim Sawchuk (cultural studies, feminist, ageing studies), Carrie Rentschler (feminist theory), and François Cooren (organizational communication).
Tamasheq: Achal id, ijjit n laakol tan wi maqqornen n jamiɣi tan daɣ Media d tiɣir tin majrad d imaɣran ajjotnen n Canada idhalan abara tan eha:Brian Massumi (filozofi, tiɣir tin agna), Kim Sawchuk (tiɣir tin agna , feminist, tiɣir tin tusare), Carrie Rentchler (feminit theory) d Feminist Cooren (organizational communication)
English: A medium is anything that mediates our interaction with the world or other humans.
Tamasheq: Medium amos harat fuk isarɣasan tartit nanaɣ id alɣalim meɣ addinat iyyad
English: McLuhan says that the “technique of fragmentation that is the essence of machine technology” shaped the restructuring of human work and association and “the essence of automation technology is the opposite”.
Tamasheq: McLuhan allaɣat as ‘’teknik tan tajazaw t amos banzinun n machine technology” eqqal dumu n edey n alxidmat n awadim d taggayt d banzinun n automation technology amos ɣakas”
English: The characteristic of all media means the “content” of any medium is always another medium.
Tamasheq: Samal n media fuk amos “ muqawinat “ n medium harkuk amos medium iyyan
English: If the electric light is used for Friday night football or to light up your desk you could argue that the content of the electric light is these activities.
Tamasheq: A fal efew exdam ehad n karay daɣ alzumaɣat meɣ as amlawlaw biraw nak t addobed at allaɣed as muqawinat n efew amos alxidmat ten tin
English: It is not until the electric light is used to spell a brand name that it is recognized as medium.
Tamasheq: ɣur at axdam n efew id at w-akfa isim wan brand name ad atwassan s isim wan medium
English: The effect of the medium is made strong because it is given another media “content”.
Tamasheq: Asar wan medium assohat alwaq fal as ijraw muqawinat n media iyyan
English: Hot media are low in participation and cool media are high in participation.
Tamasheq: Media tan wi akkus nen azzayan daɣ ijjuch tolas media tan wi sammod nen isasan daɣ ijjuch
English: Communication University of China, formerly known as the Beijing Broadcasting Institute, that dates back to 1954.
Tamasheq: Communication University tan Chine s isim net wan aru Beijing Broadcasting Institute t ikras ɣur awatay wan 1954
English: Bourdieu's analysis is that television provides far less autonomy, or freedom, than we think.
Tamasheq: Amiyiz wan Bourdieu amos as talavizyon hak alxoriya andarrat ohun wa n aɣil
English: Within the field of Film Studies, again, both Frankfurt and Berlin were dominant in the development of new perspectives on moving image media.
Tamasheq: Daɣ abara tan n tiɣir tin Film, Frankfurt d Berlin ojjaran da efes n ikayadan eynaynen meɣ amatikway n taliwen n media tan
English: One of the early publications in this new direction is a volume edited by Helmut Kreuzer, Literature Studies - Media Studies (Literaturwissenschaft – Medienwissenschaft), which summarizes the presentations given at the Düsseldorfer Germanistentag 1976.
Tamasheq: Iyyan daɣ alkittaban wi azzarnen ezaraj wen eynayan amos iddikud wa id izizjar Hilmut Kreuzer, tiɣir tin literature, tiɣir tin Media ((Literaturwissenschaft – Medienwissenschaft) aqqalnen aklulu n tiqdim tan ijjanen daɣ Düsseldorfer Germanistentag daɣ awatay wan 1976.
English: The German Institute for Media and Communication Policy, founded in 2005 by media scholar Lutz Hachmeister, is one of the few independent research institutions that is dedicated to issues surrounding media and communications policies.
Tamasheq: Lakkol n allemagne wan folitik tan Media d Communication ikras imaɣri n Media tan Lutz Hachmeister daɣ awatay wan 2005 amos iyyan tijittawen n farak tilat alistexal net tijat alxidmat net fal muchakil tan tin folitik tan media d communications
English: Medienwissenschaften is currently one of the most popular courses of study at universities in Germany, with many applicants mistakenly assuming that studying it will automatically lead to a career in TV or other media.
Tamasheq: Medienwissenschaften eqqal iyya daɣ tiɣir ti ilanen isim hullan daɣ lakkol tan wi maqqornen daɣ Allemagne ahan attalaba tan ajjotnen allaɣat nen as teɣare net a tan takfu alxidmat daɣ Talavizyon meɣ media tan iyyad
English: It offers a five-year integrated programme and a two-year programme in Electronic Media.
Tamasheq: Ehak program n sammos iwityan d program n issin iwityan daɣ Electronic Media
English: Whereas communication sciences focuses on the way people communicate, be it mediated or unmediated, media studies tends to narrow the communication down to just mediated communication.
Tamasheq: Alwaq wa id communication sciences taqqal fal abara wa s addoben addinat asiwil, jir ɣas asarɣas meɣ iban asarɣas , tiɣir tin media azzikraz nat id majrad s majrad n asarɣas n majrad
English: Communication sciences (or a derivative thereof) can be studied at Erasmus University Rotterdam, Radboud University, Tilburg University, University of Amsterdam, University of Groningen, University of Twente, Roosevelt Academy, University of Utrecht, VU University Amsterdam and Wageningen University and Research Centre.
Tamasheq: Communication sciences tit awaɣar daɣ Erasmus University Rotterdam, Radboud University, Tilburg University, University tan Amsterdam, University tan Groningen, Unviersity tan Twentee, Roosevelt Academy, University tan Utrecht, VU University tan Amsterdam d Wageningen University d Santar wan imuɣ
English: University of the Punjab Lahore is the oldest department.
Tamasheq: University tan Punjab Lahore t amos edag aruwan
English: Media Studies is now taught all over the UK.
Tamasheq: Media Studies itawaɣir daɣ Rwayom Uni fuk net
English: However, the focus of such programs sometimes excludes certain media—film, book publishing, video games, etc.
Tamasheq: Tarkiz fal program tan win alwaqqan iyyad ikkas a hin media - film, book publishing , dallolan win videyo tan
English: This is partly thanks to the acquisition of Professor Siva Vaidhyanathan, a cultural historian and media scholar, as well as the Inaugural Verklin Media Policy and Ethics Conference, endowed by the CEO of Canoe Ventures and UVA alumnus David Verklin.
Tamasheq: Achrut n awen aeqqal amoya i emassaɣar Siv Vaidhyanathan , imaɣri n attarex wan agna d media hak id folitik n media tan Verklin d Ethics Conference ta idhal CEO wan Canoe Ventures d UVA alamus David Verklin