Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: The tremendous scale of Vietnamese Kinh colonists flooding into the Central Highlands has significantly altered the demographics of the region.
Tamasheq: Tahrike tan hullan n astiɣmara tan win Kinh tan Vietnam naqqal nen s Highland tan win ammas ikman jografia tan rejion
English: And no elimination of one culture by another.”
Tamasheq: Tolas war ti illa emes n agna s agna iyyan””
English: Indigenous peoples have been denoted primitives, savages or uncivilized.
Tamasheq: Addinat win kel akal itawan aqqalan kel aru, abuddalan meɣ war ilen ta-ite tolaɣat
English: Some philosophers, such as Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), considered indigenous people to be merely "savages".
Tamasheq: “”Philosopher tan iyyad chund Thomas Hobbes (daɣ awatay wan 1588 hr 1679), ijja ɣur san as addinat win akal aqqalan ɣas “a abuddalan”
English: Retrieved from Internet Archive 13 December 2013.
Tamasheq: Itawajraw fal Internat Archive daɣ achal wan 13 n ayor wan tifaskay daɣ aatay wan 2013
English: The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the General Assembly in 2007, established indigenous peoples' right to self-determination, implying several rights regarding natural resource management.
Tamasheq: UN Declaration fal alxaqqan win addinat win kel akal s ijja General Assembly wote tan awatay wan 2007 tassilmad fal alxaqqan n addinat win kel akal ad axkiman daɣ iman nasan, ahan alxaqqan ajjotnen id aqqalnen s alfayda tan akal
English: Oil drilling could destroy thousands of years of culture for the Gwich'in.
Tamasheq: Enwan win esens addoben ad aɣchidan timad n awatay n agna i Gwich’in
English: Development projects such as dam construction, pipelines and resource extraction have displaced large numbers of indigenous peoples, often without providing compensation.
Tamasheq: Froje tan win efes chund ikarosan win baraj tan, xat anabib d ikus wan alfayda n akal s ahonanan iddikud n addinat n kel akal ajjotnen s alwaq iyyan wala timzal
English: These women also become economically dependent on men when they lose their livelihoods.
Tamasheq: Deden tin tolas ijraw nat sa s arizzej alistexlal nasan daɣ meddan alwaq wa id ammutan
English: For example the Munduruku people in the Amazon rainforest are opposing the building of Tapajós dam with the help of Greenpeace.
Tamasheq: Almital addinat win Munduruku daɣ aroj wan Amazon unjayan s akaros wan baraj wan Tapajós s tan idhal Greenpeace
English: Two main scenarios are proposed, an early expansion to Central Africa, and a single origin of the dispersal radiating from there, or an early separation into an eastward and a southward wave of dispersal, with one wave moving across the Congo basin towards East Africa, and another moving south along the African coast and the Congo River system towards Angola.
Tamasheq: Issin addabara tan ijjan, achinkich har Afrikiya wan Ammas tolas attarex iyyan n anfizzak n amlulu dihen daɣ meɣ tazunt s achrut n tenazzamart tan anfizzak siha s alqiblat d s emaynag s tenazzamart iyyat tokay fal eɣachar wan Congo siha s Afrikiya tan Alqiblat d iyyat tikkat s emaynag n African coast d isitem ejjarew wan Congo siha s Angola
English: Cattle terminology in use amongst the relatively few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests that the acquisition of cattle may have been from Central Sudanic, Kuliak and Cushitic-speaking neighbors.
Tamasheq: Tasassaɣrawt tan tihatten ta s ijlan harat n taqqimt n imadanan n Bantu win uchray allaɣen as akarach n tihatten addobat ad ej daɣ Central Soudanic, Kuliak d inarhajjan net fuk wi issewalnen Cushitic
English: Not far from the Mutirikiwi river, the Monomatapa kings built the Great Zimbabwe complex, a civilisation ancestral to the Kalanga people.
Tamasheq: A war n ujij ejjarew wan Mutrikiwi , almalikatan win Monomatapa idayan ehan wa maqqoran n Zimbabwe , attarew n iwicharan i addinat win Kalanga
English: The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people.
Tamasheq: Agna wan Swahili wa id izjaran daɣ amaskalan win igdal assahaten ajjotnen n araban d al-islam fal agna wan alasal n Bantu chund immik wa ijjan addinat ajjotnen n Afrikiya d araban n addinat win Bantu Swahili
English: After World War II, the National Party governments adopted that usage officially, while the growing African nationalist movement and its liberal allies turned to the term "African" instead, so that "Bantu" became identified with the policies of apartheid.
Tamasheq: “ Darat akinnas n alɣalim wan issin, Parti folititik n alxkumaten t ijja wote net izjaran as ijja awen tagayen n kel afrikiya wi oman nen s ikallan nasan d imadhalan nasan itkalan isim wn “Kel Afrikiya”” ohun i ad aj in “ Bantu” a osaɣan harat id folitik tan tin aparheid
English: Again association with apartheid discredited the term, and the South African government shifted to the politically appealing but historically deceptive term "ethnic homelands".
Tamasheq: “ Tolas assaɣ id apartheid eɣchad isim tolas alxakumat tan afrikiya tan emayng okayan s tasassaɣrawt tan folitik mucham daɣ attarex isim n taɣdirt “ikallan win tawseten””
English: In Swati the stem is -ntfu and the noun is buntfu.
Tamasheq: Daɣ Swari tekawt t imos -ntfu tolas isim eqqal buntfu
English: Not all Basques are Basque-speakers.
Tamasheq: Wadden addinat fuk win Basques a issan nen awal wan Basque
English: modern Basque esan) and the suffix -(k)ara ("way (of doing something)").
Tamasheq: “” Basque esan wan uchray) tolas suffix -(k)ara (‘’ abara (n iji n harat””)
English: He records the name of the Basque language as enusquera.
Tamasheq: Eɣran isim wan awal n Basque chund enusquera
English: Although they are genetically distinctive in some ways due to isolation, the Basques are still very typically European in terms of their Y-DNA and mtDNA sequences, and in terms of some other genetic loci.
Tamasheq: Kuddeɣ as daɣ etari anmazlayan daɣ ihandagan iyyad fal askut net , Basques aqqalan kel Eroba win alasal daɣ awa id eqqalan Y-DNA d mtDNA tolas daɣ awa id eqqalan loci tan iyyad n etari
English: However, studies of the Y-DNA haplogroups found that on their direct male lineages, the vast majority of modern Basques have a common ancestry with other Western Europeans, namely a marked predominance of Indo-European Haplogroup R1b-DF27 (70%).
Tamasheq: Hak id ijja awen, tiɣir n Y-DNA haplogroups ijraw nat as azajor nasan i ahalis, ijjit n Basque tan win amarad ilan ibba iyyan oharan id kel Eroba win ataram iyyad hullan daɣ as ojjaran Kel Indo-Eroba Haplogroup R1b-DF27 (70%)
English: In spite of its high frequency in Basques, Y-STR internal diversity of R1b-DF27 is lower there, and results in more recent age estimates", implying it was brought to the region from elsewhere.
Tamasheq: “Kud erha ijjit net da Basques, Y-STR internal diversity wan R1b-DF27 i darosan dihen tolas ikayadan n awatay eynayan idkadan” ehe as immeway id s rejion daɣ edag iyyan”
English: The collection of mtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups sampled there differed significantly compared to their modern frequencies.
Tamasheq: Asidu n mtDNA d Y-DNA haplogroups amiyazan anmizlay nasan daɣ as itkad s ijjitan nasan win amarad
English: Rather, some 4500 years ago almost all Y-DNA heritage from Iberian admixture of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers was replaced by the R1b lineage of Indo-European herders from the steppe, and the Basque genetic distinctiveness is a result of centuries of low population size, genetic drift, and endogamy.
Tamasheq: A ilan 4500 n awatay awa daɣ izjaran etari wan Y-DNA n anmirtay wan Inerian tan imahuya-inafridan win Mesolithic d kel tiwijas win Neolithic ichray ti R1b wan inammugaz win kel Hindo-Eroba n amagon d anmizlay wan etari n Basque tan eqqal a id erawan timad n iwityan n idikud n ichaɣib darosan , assahat n etari d adubin wan ammas n tawset
English: Mattias Jakobsson from Uppsala University in Sweden analysed genetic material from eight Stone Age human skeletons found in El Portalón Cavern in Atapuerca, northern Spain.
Tamasheq: Mattias Jokobsson wan Uppsala Uniersity daɣ addawla tan Swede immiyaz asuj wan etari fal iɣasan n addinat win awatay wan tahunt atijraw nen daɣ Ajirer wan El Portalon daɣ Atapuerca s emaynaj n Spania
English: The findings were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States.
Tamasheq: Ijarawan izjaran daɣ alkadan wi National Academy tan Sciences n Amerika
English: This admixed group was also found to be ancestral to other modern-day Iberian peoples, but while the Basques remained relatively isolated for millennia after this time, later migrations into Iberia led to distinct and additional admixture in all other Iberian groups.
Tamasheq: Taqqimt ten tartayat itawan inta deɣ as t azzar i ta yadat n addinat win Iberian mucham kuddeɣ Basque tan aqqiman iskatan har ijjan efdan n iwityan darat alwaq wen, darat isikilan s Iberia i ad anmazli tolas i anmizlay n tiw-at daɣ tqqimen fuk ti yadnen n Iberia
English: There is enough evidence to support the hypothesis that at that time and later they spoke old varieties of the Basque language (see: Aquitanian language).
Tamasheq: Ille asidutti addoben ad eqqil asuikbal n mirda n alwaq wen d darat awa issewalan ichikilan win aru n awal wan Basque ( ikyid: awal wan Aquitnian)
English: The Kingdom of Pamplona, a central Basque realm, later known as Navarre, underwent a process of feudalization and was subject to the influence of its much larger Aragonese, Castilian and French neighbours.
Tamasheq: Almalikiyat tan Pamplona, edag n Basque tan win Ammas s darat awa itawaɣir s isim wan Navarre, ijjach tamatakwayt n alisteɣmar tolas ornan ti hullan inarhajjan net wi Aragonese, d France
English: Weakened by the Navarrese civil war, the bulk of the realm eventually fell before the onslaught of the Spanish armies (1512–1524).
Tamasheq: Daɣ ikkas akinnas n Navarree wan jir ichaɣib , ijjit n addinat wi ogarnen edag odan fuk nasan data assa wan alɣaskir wan Spania (1512 har 1524)
English: Nevertheless, the Basques enjoyed a great deal of self-government until the French Revolution (1790) and the Carlist Wars (1839, 1876), when the Basques supported heir apparent Carlos V and his descendants.
Tamasheq: Basque tan ijraz hassan hullan axakam daɣ iman nasan har tanakra tan kel France (daɣ awatay wan 1790) d ikinnasan in Carlist (1839, 1876), alwaq wa id Basque tan ilkaman i Carlos V d awa ti id izjaran
English: The autonomous community (a concept established in the Spanish Constitution of 1978) known as Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa or EAE in Basque and as Comunidad Autónoma Vasca or CAV in Spanish (in English: Basque Autonomous Community or BAC), is made up of the three Spanish provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa.
Tamasheq: Tawset tilat alxoriya ( tasassaɣrawt tijjat achareɣa wa maqqoran n addwla daɣ awatay wan 1978) s isim net Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa meɣ EAE daɣ Basque tolas chund Comunidad Autonoma Vasca daɣ Spania (daɣ Tangiisit: Tawset n Basquet tijraw at alxoria net meɣ BAC), tija s karadat timɣarmaten n Spania amos nen Alava, Biscay, Gipuzkoa
English: It is sometimes referred to simply as "the Basque Country" (or Euskadi) by writers and public agencies only considering those three western provinces, but also on occasions merely as a convenient abbreviation when this does not lead to confusion in the context.
Tamasheq: “Alwaqqan iyyad ɣar in ti ɣas s isim wan “”addawla tan Basque”” (meɣ Euskadi) inakuban d tagayen n addinat ɣur ijja s tiɣarmaten tin karadat mucham har ihandagan iyyad ajjotnen alwaq wa id awen war isijriw tewaɣne n eɣaf
English: In particular in common usage the French term Pays Basque ("Basque Country"), in the absence of further qualification, refers either to the whole Basque Country ("Euskal Herria" in Basque), or not infrequently to the northern (or "French") Basque Country specifically.
Tamasheq: “”Daɣ majrad isim daɣ tafransit Pays Basque (“”addawla tan Basque””)daɣ iban tasassaɣrawt amos a eqqalan addawla tan Basque tan fuk net (‘’Euskal Herria”” daɣ Basque) meɣ wadden sa s emaynaj (meɣ tafransit”) hullan addawla n Basque”
English: Note that in historical contexts Navarre may refer to a wider area, and that the present-day northern Basque province of Lower Navarre may also be referred to as (part of) Nafarroa, while the term "High Navarre" (Nafarroa Garaia in Basque, Alta Navarra in Spanish) is also encountered as a way of referring to the territory of the present-day autonomous community.
Tamasheq: “ Ilmid as daɣ attarex n Navarre t amos akal harokan tolas har achal id emaynaj n taɣrimt tan Basque n Navarre tan sider inta eqqal achrut n Nfarroa as ijja awen isim wan “”Navarre tan afalla “”” (Nafarroa Garaia daɣ Basque, Alta Navarra daɣ Spania) inta eqqal immik imosan akal n tawset taxkamat daɣ iman net achal id
English: Knowledge of Spanish is compulsory under the Spanish constitution (article no.
Tamasheq: Musnat n Spania tilzam ɣur awayan achareɣa wa maqqoran n spania
English: Knowledge of Basque, after declining for many years during Franco's dictatorship owing to official persecution, is again on the rise due to favorable official language policies and popular support.
Tamasheq: Musnat tan Basque tan , darat as unjayan a ilan iityan ajjotnen s axakam wan Francoid eraw s iban sarho i addinat n olas har ajjudi tiw-at fal awa ijjanat folitik tan tin awal d lakkumat tan addinat
English: Only Spanish is an official language of Navarre, and the Basque language is only co-official in the province's northern region, where most Basque-speaking Navarrese are concentrated.
Tamasheq: Spanish ɣas as awal alxakum daɣ Navarre tolas awal wan Basque ohar ti alxakum daɣ tiɣarmaten n rejion tan emaynag edag s inta a daɣ ijjitan kel awal wan Basque
English: Much of this population lives in or near the Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) urban belt on the coast (in Basque these are Baiona, Angelu and Miarritze).
Tamasheq: Ijjit n ichaɣib wen izzɣ daɣ meɣ edes n tamintika tan Bayonne-Anglet-Biarritz (BAB) daɣ ajjama n ejjarew (daɣ Basque awen Baiona, Angelu d Miarritze)
English: Millions of Basque descendants (see Basque American and Basque Canadian) live in North America (the United States; Canada, mainly in the provinces of Newfoundland and Quebec), Latin America (in all 23 countries), South Africa, and Australia.
Tamasheq: Milyon tan n addinat id izjarnen Basque tan (ikiyid Basque daɣ Aermicain dBasque Canadian) izzaɣan daɣ Amerika tan tamasna (Amerik, Canada hullan daɣ iɣirman win Newfoundland d Quebec), Latin Amerika (daɣ addawla tan tin 23 fuk nasnat), addawla tan South Africa d Australia
English: Estimates range between 2.5 - 5 million Basque descendants live in Chile; the Basque have been a major if not the strongest influence in the country's cultural and economic development.
Tamasheq: Iddikudan illanen jir 2.5 har 5 milyon n addinat id izjarnen Basque tan izzaɣan daɣ addawla tan Chile, Basque tan ikrachan assahat hulllan daɣ efes d agna wan addawla
English: It consisted mostly of the area which is today the states of Chihuahua and Durango.
Tamasheq: Ehe hullan edag eqqalan achal id addawla tan tin Chihuahua d Durango
English: In Guatemala, most Basques have been concentrated in Sacatepequez Department, Antigua Guatemala, Jalapa for six generations now, while some have migrated to Guatemala City.
Tamasheq: Daɣ Guatemala, BBasque tan ajjotnen izzaɣan daɣ Sacatepequez, Antigua Guatemala, Jalapa har ijjan iwityan ajjotnen amarad as ijja awen iyyad issekalan s akal wan Guatemala
English: Bambuco, a Colombian folk music, has Basque roots.
Tamasheq: Bambuco, asahaɣ n addinat win Colombia,alasal net Basque tan
English: Elko, Nevada, sponsors an annual Basque festival that celebrates the dance, cuisine and cultures of the Basque peoples of Spanish, French and Mexican nationalities who have arrived in Nevada since the late 19th century.
Tamasheq: Elko, Nevada, sarrafan tamadacht tajjit awatay fuk i asukti n isuhaɣ, alkuzayn d agna tan n addiat win Basque tan n Spania, France d Mexico id osanen Nevada daɣ awatay wan 1900
English: Some of North America's largest ranches, which were founded under these colonial land grants, can be found in this region.
Tamasheq: Harat daɣ ranch tan i maqqornen daɣ Amerik tan tamasna itajraw nen ɣur ijjarawan n akal azzaman wan alisteɣmar , addoben ad atjrawan daɣ rjion ten
English: There is a history of Basque culture in Chino, California.
Tamasheq: Ille attarex n anga n Basque daɣ Chino, California
English: They are mostly descendants of settlers from Spain and Mexico.
Tamasheq: Azzuben id fuk nasan daɣ imazzaɣan id ifal nen Spania d Mexico
English: This sense of Basque identity tied to the local language does not only exist in isolation.
Tamasheq: Amaɣna wan kartidant wan Basque osaɣan id awal wan akal war isket ɣas
English: As with many European states, a regional identity, be it linguistically derived or otherwise, is not mutually exclusive with the broader national one.
Tamasheq: Chund addawla tan tin Eroba, kartidant n rejion, kud erha tizjar id awal meɣ harat iyyan , war tisket iman net fuk id wa maqqoran n addawla
English: I have friends who are involved in the political side of things but that is not for me.
Tamasheq: Illeɣ imidiwan ahanen achrut n folitik tan haratan mucham awen war hi itij
English: There are extremely few Basque monolingual speakers: essentially all Basque speakers are bilingual on both sides of the border.
Tamasheq: Illan harat n imusanan n awal wan Basque ɣas madroynen: imusanan n Basque issanan awalan ajotnrn daɣ ichrutan fuk n alxadud
English: The Basque language is thought to be a genetic language isolate in contrast with other European languages, almost all of which belong to the broad Indo-European language family.
Tamasheq: Awal wan Basque ordan ti addinat as eqqal awal n etari iskatan daɣ anmizlay n awalan iyyad n Eroba, s hullan ilen egadach wan awal maqqoran n Indo-Euroba
English: Home in this context is synonymous with family roots.
Tamasheq: Daɣ talɣa ta daɣ ehan eqqal ikewan n egadach
English: As in other cultures, the fate of other family members depended on the assets of a family: wealthy Basque families tended to provide for all children in some way, while less-affluent families may have had only one asset to provide to one child.
Tamasheq: Chund daɣ agna tan wi yadnen, sandaw n addinat win egadach ilkam i ehare n egadach: igidchan n Basque wi ilanen irizzejarraman ihuk n ilyadan s immik iyyan, as ijja awen igichan win tilaqqawen addobat as war ilen ɣas ar asuj iyyan ikf-an i alyad iyyad
English: Mostly after the advent of industrialisation, this system resulted in the emigration of many rural Basques to Spain, France or the Americas.
Tamasheq: Darat n emel n marchin, sistem wen izjar id isikilan n Basque tan win assaxra s Spania, France meɣ Amerika
English: Some scholars and commentators have attempted to reconcile these points by assuming that patrilineal kinship represents an innovation.
Tamasheq: Imaɣran iyyad d imassewilan iyyad araman ad s annafhaman titbaqqa tin s aqbilan temedt n ibba tahat edag n uɣna
English: They emerged from the Franco regime with a revitalized language and culture.
Tamasheq: Izjaran id tanaya tan Franco id awal d agna ammutaynen
English: The region has been a source of missionaries like Francis Xavier and Michel Garicoïts.
Tamasheq: Rejion harkukbs t aqqal edag n inammuchal chund Francis Xavier d Michel Garicoits
English: Lasuén was the successor to Franciscan Padre Junípero Serra and founded 9 of the 21 extant California Missions along the coast.
Tamasheq: Lasuén eqqal wa ichrayan Franciscian Padre Junipero serra tolas eɣna 9 daɣ 21 ahanen California fal edes n aman
English: By the time Henry III of Navarre converted to Catholicism in order to become king of France, Protestantism virtually disappeared from the Basque community.
Tamasheq: Daɣ azzaman wa id ijjach Henry III wan Navarre addin wan Katolik tan i ad eqqil almalik wan France , daɣ akayad addin wan protestant tan issujal daɣ taswet tan Basque
English: Nowadays, according to one single opinion poll, only slightly more than 50% of Basques profess some kind of belief in God, while the rest are either agnostic or atheist.
Tamasheq: Iwityan wi daɣ, daɣ awa issilmad amiyiz n addinat , 50% n Basque tan ilan medran daɣ amaxlak as ijja awen awa hin eqqim amos agnostic meɣ atheist
English: According to one, Christianity arrived in the Basque Country during the 4th and 5th centuries but according to the other, it did not take place until the 12th and 13th centuries.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awa allaɣat iyyan, addin wan kriken tan osa id daɣ addawla tan Basque tan daɣ awatay wan 400 hr 500 n awatay mucham daɣ awa allaɣen addinat iyyad, awen wae ijja har awatay wan 1200 d wan 1300
English: In this sense, Christianity arrived "early".
Tamasheq: “ Daɣ alamɣna wen,addin wan kriken tan osa id “”s tizarat””
English: According to one tradition, she travelled every seven years between a cave on Mount Anboto and one on another mountain (the stories vary); the weather would be wet when she was in Anboto, dry when she was in Aloña, or Supelegor, or Gorbea.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awat allaɣat attarex iyyan, tissokal assa iwityan fuk jir cave n adaɣ wan Anboto d iyyan fal adaɣ wa yada ( attarexan izlayan); Taqqan a tibjid alwaq wa id tosa Anboto , taqqar alwaq wa id tosa Alona, meɣ Supeleger meɣ Gorbea
English: It's said that when they gathered in the high caves of the sacred peaks, they engendered the storms.
Tamasheq: Atwan as alwaq wa id iddewan daɣ ijireran chajrotnen s afalla tan nasan n alali tan, erawan id ajjina
English: Legends also speak of many and abundant genies, like jentilak (equivalent to giants), lamiak (equivalent to nymphs), mairuak (builders of the cromlechs or stone circles, literally Moors), iratxoak (imps), sorginak (witches, priestess of Mari), and so on.
Tamasheq: Tinfusen allaɣat nat har ajjudi s alchinan ajjotnen chund jentilak, (ogdahan id giant tan), lamiak (ogdahan id nymph tan),mariuak (albanna tan n cromlechs meɣ tijililliwayen tin tekadeyt, Moors) , iratxoak (imps), sorginak (timachwaten, tabomber tan Mari) d iyyad
English: There is a trickster named San Martin Txiki ("St Martin the Lesser").
Tamasheq: “Ille Trickster s isim net San Martin Txiki (“”” St Martin the lesser””)
English: The jentilak ('Giants'), on the other hand, are a legendary people which explains the disappearance of a people of Stone Age culture that used to live in the high lands and with no knowledge of iron.
Tamasheq: Jentilak (giants), daɣ achrut iyyan , aqqalan addinat n tanfust wi hakkinen almaɣna n isujilan win addinat daɣ agna wan awatay wan tahont wi s kala izzaɣan daɣ imadlan wi chajrotnen tolas war n ila musnat n tazoli
English: For more than a century, scholars have widely discussed the high status of Basque women in law codes, as well as their positions as judges, inheritors, and arbitrators through ante-Roman, medieval, and modern times.
Tamasheq: A ojjaran tamede n awatay , imusanan immijradan hullan daɣ isalan win edg wan deden tin Basque tan daɣ achareɣa tan hak id idagan nasnat win timaɣtasen n achareɣa tan, timikkusa d timahaɣen daɣ azzamanan win ante-roan, medieval d win uchray
English: Navarre has a separate statute of autonomy, a contentious arrangement designed during Spanish transition to democracy (the Amejoramiento, an 'upgrade' of its previous status during dictatorship).
Tamasheq: Navarre tila edag azunan wan axxakamat , anifham wa imaxalxalan eɣnan daɣ efel wa tijja Spania transition s demokrati ( Amejoramiento, isalan eynaynen n edag net wan data awa daɣ azzaman wan dictatorship)
English: Questions of political, linguistic and cultural allegiance and identity are highly complex in Navarre.
Tamasheq: Isistanan wi id aqqalnen folitik, awal d agna d kartidant amosan a maqqoran daɣ Navarre
English: The majority of schools under the jurisdiction of the Basque education system use Basque as the primary medium of teaching.
Tamasheq: Ijjit n lakkolan daɣ achareɣa tan Basque tan n sistem wan teɣare ijja Basque asuj wan teɣare
English: In contrast, the desire for greater autonomy or independence is particularly common among leftist Basque nationalists.
Tamasheq: Daɣ uzlay, derhan wan axxakamat maqqorat meɣ n alistexlal eqqal a oharan leftist Basque Nationalists