Tamazight-NLP/NLLB-Seed_Tamasheq-Latin-Script huggingface dataset:
English: Later developments include the development of Tantra and Iranian-Islamic influences.
Tamasheq: Efes wan darat ehay efes n Tantra d assahat ikrach al-islam daɣ Iran
English: Nyāya traditionally accepts four Pramanas as reliable means of gaining knowledge – Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāṇa (inference), Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).
Tamasheq: Nyaya ardah daɣ attarex fal akkoz Pramanas as aqqalan isuj n akarach n musnat - Pratyaksa (akayad), Anumana (inference), Upamana (eket d tulat) d Sabda ( isim, takasit n imusanan wi okaynen d win amarad)
English: This philosophy held that the universe was reducible to paramāṇu (atoms), which are indestructible (anitya), indivisible, and have a special kind of dimension, called “small” (aṇu).
Tamasheq: Filozofi ten ijja ɣur is as alɣalim ogdah id paramanu (atoms) war n addobat terazze (anitya), tazunt , tolas ila dumu n iddikud s isim net ‘andarran’’ (anu)
English: Later Vaiśeṣikas (Śrīdhara and Udayana and Śivāditya) added one more category abhava (non-existence).
Tamasheq: Darat awa Vaiśeṣikas (Śrīdhara and Udayana and Śivāditya) issewad edag iyyan abhava (iban uxlak)
English: Because of their focus on textual study and interpretation, Mīmāṃsā also developed theories of philology and the philosophy of language which influenced other Indian schools.
Tamasheq: Fal axaman wa ijja fal teVaiśeṣikas (Śrīdhara and Udayana and Śivāditya)are n akatab d afaham,Mīmāṃsā inta deɣ ikna theory tan n filozofi d filozofi tan awal ta tiknat omar n lakkol tan win India
English: The distinguishing features of Jain philosophy include a mind-body dualism, denial of a creative and omnipotent God, karma, an eternal and uncreated universe, non-violence, the theory of the multiple facets of truth, and morality based on liberation of the soul.
Tamasheq: Samalan win tazunt n filozofi jain ehay amchikki n ta-ite tan , asabbahu n uxlak d musnat n amaxlak, Karma, alɣalim eɣlalan d i war n alxek, tasittaɣhal tan iban jafa, mirda n albaban ajjotnen n tiditt d axalak ijjan fal tayyit n iman
English: It has also been called a model of philosophical liberalism for its insistence that truth is relative and multifaceted and for its willingness to accommodate all possible view-points of the rival philosophies.
Tamasheq: Ijraw isim wan dumu wan philsophical liberalism fal awa s ɣur tiditt war t imda tolas tila albaban ajjotnen d iban derhan net i ad t ardah fal ikayadan ajjotnen n filozofi tan ti izlaynen
English: Cārvāka philosophers like Brihaspati were extremely critical of other schools of philosophy of the time.
Tamasheq: Filozof tan Cārvāka chud Brihaspati iknan amijrad hullan n lakkol tan n filozofi tan azzaman wen
English: It is the dominant philosophical tradition in Tibet and Southeast Asian countries like Sri Lanka and Burma.
Tamasheq: Eqqal tumast ta tojjarat daɣ Tibet d addawla tan tin tamasna-alqiblat i Asia chund Sri Lanka d Burma
English: Later Buddhist philosophical traditions developed complex phenomenological psychologies termed 'Abhidharma'.
Tamasheq: Darat awa tumasen n filozofi tan Buddhist tan ijja efes n phenomenological psychologies s isim net “Abhidharma”
English: This tradition contributed to what has been called an "epistemological turn" in Indian philosophy.
Tamasheq: “ Tumast ten tissewad awa s itawan “epistemological turn”” daɣ filozofi tan India
English: Important exponents of Buddhist modernism include Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933) and the American convert Henry Steel Olcott, the Chinese modernists Taixu (1890–1947) and Yin Shun (1906–2005), Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki, and the Tibetan Gendün Chöphel (1903–1951).
Tamasheq: Imuzaran assohat nen n Buddhist modernism eha Anagrika Dharmapala (1864-1933) Henry Steel Olcott wan Amerik, Modernist tan Taixa wan Chine (1890 har 1947) d Yin Shun (1906 har 2005), Imaɣri Zen D.T suzuki d Gendün Chöphel (1903–1951) wan Tibet
English: Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures and societies, in both the present and past, including past human species.
Tamasheq: Anthropology taqqal teGendün Chöphel (1903–1951).are n science tan addinat taqqalat fal axal n awadim, abarkot n awadim, agna tan d timizdaɣ daɣ amarad hak id a hin okayan eha ich-ikilan n addinat win aru
English: Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans.
Tamasheq: Biological meɣ physical anthropology ɣar efes n abarkot n addibat
English: Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed.
Tamasheq: Taggayen ajjotnen war n ikrech taɣrast chajret n anthropologist tan tijja gah
English: When slavery was abolished in France in 1848, the Société was abandoned.
Tamasheq: Alwaq wa id timnaɣ tikiluwa daɣ France daɣ awatay wan 1848, Société t atwaya
English: For them, the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect.
Tamasheq: ɣur san, akatab wa ijja Charles Darwin fal uɣna wan ich-ikilan n imudaran eqqal amud wan Epiphany n harat fuk s issinta muchakat net
English: There was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences.
Tamasheq: Imal ti ach-al ermadan i azujich net daɣ social sciences
English: His definition now became "the study of the human group, considered as a whole, in its details, and in relation to the rest of nature".
Tamasheq: “Almaɣna net eqqal amarad “”teɣare n taqqimt n addinat artaynen daɣ titbaqqa net d daɣ tartit net id awa hin eqqiman daɣ ahinzazaɣ”””
English: He discovered the speech center of the human brain, today called Broca's area after him.
Tamasheq: Isaffakar id ammas n majrad wan akalkil n addinat s isim net achal id azzaman wa darat Broca
English: The last two volumes were published posthumously.
Tamasheq: Volume tan win uchray izjar id darat tamattant net
English: He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation.
Tamasheq: Asilmad hullan as isalan win eket ilzam a taqqal tin musnat assedaw erem n amiyiz n musnat
English: Waitz was influential among the British ethnologists.
Tamasheq: Waitz eqqal a ilan assahat hullan daɣ ethnologist tan win Britania
English: Representatives from the French Société were present, though not Broca.
Tamasheq: Imuzaran win Société tan France illan ti kuddeɣ as war aqqalen Broca
English: Previously Edward had referred to himself as an ethnologist; subsequently, an anthropologist.
Tamasheq: Edward eɣra iman net data awa s ehtnologist id anthropologist
English: One notable exception was the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology, and Prehistory (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists.
Tamasheq: Berlin Society ta Anthropology , Ethnology d Prehistory (1869) ikna Rudolph Virchow ɣas a t atwasanat fal tadlimt net i evolutionist tan
English: The major theorists belonged to these organizations.
Tamasheq: Theorist maqqoran hullan n taggayen tin
English: Practical anthropology, the use of anthropological knowledge and technique to solve specific problems, has arrived; for example, the presence of buried victims might stimulate the use of a forensic archaeologist to recreate the final scene.
Tamasheq: Practical anthropology, alxidmat n musnat n anthropology d tikarsay i amukin in muchakil tan , osa id, almital, emel n addinat i amut nen addoben ad aruwan alxidmat s forensic archaeologist i edey har ajjudi n final scene
English: This has been particularly prominent in the United States, from Boas' arguments against 19th-century racial ideology, through Margaret Mead's advocacy for gender equality and sexual liberation, to current criticisms of post-colonial oppression and promotion of multiculturalism.
Tamasheq: Awen ikna ijiit hullan daɣ Amerik ɣur idiwinni tan win Boa fal racial ideology daɣ awatay wan 1900 s tebadde ta tijja Margaret Mead i tigdaht n meddan d deden s imajridan n asakin n aɣana wan darat alisteɣmar d achichɣal n multiculturalism
English: In Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries, the British tradition of social anthropology tends to dominate.
Tamasheq: Daɣ Britania d addawla tan tin Common Wealth, tumast tan Britania n social anthropology t aram at ajjar
English: Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among individuals and groups.
Tamasheq: Cultural Anthropology t aqqal teɣare n eket n abara tan ajjotnen daɣ ilan addinat almaɣna daɣ alɣalim edes has- san alwaq wa id socil anthropology taqqal teɣare n iharojan jir addinat d taqqimen
English: There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree.
Tamasheq: War t illa anmizlay assohen jir san tolas ihandagan win tin amikiyan s degre maqqoran
English: This project is often accommodated in the field of ethnography.
Tamasheq: War t illa froje i taj in awlaq iyyan daɣ abara wan ethnography
English: Participant observation is one of the foundational methods of social and cultural anthropology.
Tamasheq: Akayad wan addinat eqqal iyyan daɣ tikarsiwen ilzam nen n social d cultural anthropology
English: The study of kinship and social organization is a central focus of sociocultural anthropology, as kinship is a human universal.
Tamasheq: Teɣare n temedt d amukin n tamazduq eqqal titbaqet ta fal t ijja sociocultural anthropology fal as temedt taqqal a oharan addinat daɣ alɣlim*
English: Ethnography views first-hand experience and social context as important.
Tamasheq: Ikayadan win Ethnography aqqalan musnat ta tazzarat talɣa n tamazduq t assohat
English: Ethnomusicology can be used in a wide variety of fields, such as teaching, politics, cultural anthropology etc.
Tamasheq: Ethnomuscology t addobat alxidmat daɣ abara tan ajjoten chund teɣare, folitik, cultural anthropology
English: Economic Anthropology remains, for the most part, focused upon exchange.
Tamasheq: Economic anthropology t aqqim s achrut net wan hullan t ijja fal amaskal
English: The first of these areas was concerned with the "pre-capitalist" societies that were subject to evolutionary "tribal" stereotypes.
Tamasheq: “ Wa ezzaran daɣ ihandagan win eqqal fal timazdaɣen tin “”precapitalist’’ fal t ijja tamatit ‘’tribal stereotypes””
English: Why are those working in development so willing to disregard history and the lessons it might offer?
Tamasheq: Mafal addint wi axdam nen daɣ isalan win efes raqqis daɣ san ankur n attarex d ta-ite tan ti s addobat a tan at ekf-u?
English: Within kinship you have two different families.
Tamasheq: Daɣ temedt illan ti issin igidchan izlaynen
English: Anthropology engages often with feminists from non-Western traditions, whose perspectives and experiences can differ from those of white feminists of Europe, America, and elsewhere.
Tamasheq: Anthropology t an-axdam id feminist tan n tumasen tin addawla tan war naqqel tin ikufar s ikayadan nasan d musnaten izlayan id win feminist tan win Eroba, Amerika d edag iyyan
English: Political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more "complex" social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena.
Tamasheq: “ Political anthropology ta s ijja efes net chund almajal t aqqal s tizarat fal folitik daɣ timazdaɣ war n ila akal, efes eynayan issinta daɣ awatay wan 1960 tolas har ajjudi war ammutay: anthropologist tan issintan hullan teɣare n ihandagan “maqqornen” s emel wan addawla tan, timachɣulen tin biraw tan d hebu tan ijjachan fuk nasan fal ethnography d amiyiz n harat n tarrayt tan akal”
English: Secondly, anthropologists slowly started to develop a disciplinary concern with states and their institutions (and on the relationship between formal and informal political institutions).
Tamasheq: Wan issin, anthropologist tan issintan sollan akarach n tamɣatert id addawla tan d tijittawen nasan (tolas fal aharoj jir tijittawen tin folitik d t iwar tila folitik)
English: It is sometimes grouped with sociocultural anthropology, and sometimes considered part of material culture.
Tamasheq: Alwaqqan iyyad t artay id sociocultural anthropology tolas alwaqqan iyyad t aqqal achrut n agna n asuj
English: It is also the study of the history of various ethnic groups that may or may not exist today.
Tamasheq: Eqqal har ajjudi teɣare n attarex n taqqimen n tawset ajjotnen addobat nen meɣ war n addobat emel iwityan wi daɣ
English: Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of "specialists in 'other cultures'" closer to their homes.
Tamasheq: “ Timikitwayen ajotnen dav alvalim wan ikufar hak id daɣ “Third Wordl” (wan uchray eqqalan wa fal ijja akayad n anthropologist tan) eraw id akayad “”imusanan n agna iyyad”” orak nen s ihanan nasan”
English: It is an interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology.
Tamasheq: Eqqal abara assirtayan almajal tan it anmichrayan id iddikud n almajal tan eha anthropology, ethology, medecine, psychology, veterinary medecine d zoology
English: It is the study of ancient humans, as found in fossil hominid evidence such as petrifacted bones and footprints.
Tamasheq: Awen amos teɣare n addinat win aru s immik wa s at ajrawan iɣasan nasan hominid eqqal asidutti n iɣasan amuttay nen d idirchan n tinsawen
English: In 1989, a group of European and American scholars in the field of anthropology established the European Association of Social Anthropologists (EASA) which serves as a major professional organization for anthropologists working in Europe.
Tamasheq: Daɣ awatay wan 1989, taqqimt n imaɣran n Eroba d Amerik daɣ abara wan anthropology iknan European Association of Social Athropologists (EASA) t aqqalat taggayt n alxidmat maqorat i anthropologist tan axdam nen daɣ Eroba
English: This is the notion that cultures should not be judged by another's values or viewpoints, but be examined dispassionately on their own terms.
Tamasheq: Awen anasjum n as agna tan war oleɣ a fal as anat ej acharaɣ s alqiman meɣ ikayadan iyyad mucham ad ej amiyaz hullan s ismawan nasnat
English: Franz Boas publicly objected to US participation in World War I, and after the war he published a brief expose and condemnation of the participation of several American archaeologists in espionage in Mexico under their cover as scientists.
Tamasheq: Franz Boas unjay s ijjuch n ameriken tan daɣ akinnas n alɣalim wan iyyan tolas darat akinnas ijja majrad daɣ war assoraf i ijjuch wan archaeologist tan n Amerik daɣ tikra n isalan daɣ addalwa tan Mexique s as aqqalan sicentist tan
English: At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.
Tamasheq: S alwaq wen daɣ, timzal n alxidmat tan David H. fal American Anthropology daɣ azzaman wan Cold War ikf-a isalan fal imuɣ d tachoj n athropologist tan ajjoten dav alxidmat nasan fal as odanan tahanint i Communist tan
English: Numerous resolutions condemning the war in all its aspects were passed overwhelmingly at the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association (AAA).
Tamasheq: Addabara tan jjotnen n iban n asurif n akinnas daɣ titbaqqa net fuk okay amaku daɣ azzaman n taɣaymit tan awatay n American Anthropological Association (AAA)
English: The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically dangerous.
Tamasheq: Association n Social Anthropologist tan addawla tan Rwayom Uni d Commonwelath (ASA) taɣra bursatan n teɣare tiyyad s daɣ achareɣa ti labasnen
English: One of the central characteristics is that anthropology tends to provide a comparatively more holistic account of phenomena and tends to be highly empirical.
Tamasheq: Iyyan daɣ samalan win ammas eqqal as anthropology t aram ihuk n isalan hullan n harat wen tolas t aram a t aqqal empirical
English: These dynamic relationships, between what can be observed on the ground, as opposed to what can be observed by compiling many local observations remain fundamental in any kind of anthropology, whether cultural, biological, linguistic or archaeological.
Tamasheq: Iharojan win ochal nen jir awa ilan akayad fal akal anmazlayan id awa ilan tudabat n akayad s asartay n ikayadan ajjotnen eqqal a assohen daɣ dumu n anthropology fuk jir ɣas tan agna, tan abarkot, tan awal meɣ tan archaeological
English: On the biological or physical side, human measurements, genetic samples, nutritional data may be gathered and published as articles or monographs.
Tamasheq: Daɣ achrut wan abarkot meɣ wan taɣissa, iketan n addinat, ɣa-ida tan n etri, isalan n imansiwan addoben ad iddawan tolas izjiran fal ilkadan chund ilfisil tan meɣ monograf tan
English: Further cultural subdivisions according to tool types, such as Olduwan or Mousterian or Levalloisian help archaeologists and other anthropologists in understanding major trends in the human past.
Tamasheq: I tizunawen n agna tiyyad s ich-ikilan n asuj chund Mlduwan meɣ Mouterian meɣ Levalloisian idhalan archaeologist tan d anthropologist tan iyyad daɣ afaham n isatoɣan daɣ tikit n awadim
English: A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group.
Tamasheq: Achareɣa n agna akkodat alxal wa it-w-aɣbalan daɣ tamazduq; eqqal chund iyyaka tan i alxal , telasse, awal d alxal n talɣa taqqal at dumu i derhanan daɣ tamazduq
English: These include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing.
Tamasheq: Win ahan tan dumu tan chund isuhaɣ, dallol, taqsin, addin d teknoloji tan chud axadam n asuj , ansaɣ, ehan d imalsan
English: The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been used to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies.
Tamasheq: Iddikud n tulaɣay n agna alwaqqan iyyad exdam daɣ anmizlay n civilizasyon tan tiyyad n timizdaɣ madroynen
English: Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century.
Tamasheq: Agna wan addinat ajjotnen amos n dumu tan ajjotnen n kel agna id ewadnen daɣ awatay wan 2000
English: In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions.
Tamasheq: Daɣ social sciences, akayad wan mirda n cultural materialism ijja ɣur is as agna wan addinat izjar id talɣiwen n tamudre n awadim chund immik wa s xallakan addinat talɣiwen i tamudre taɣissa nasan tolas tijittawt tan agna t at ajraw daɣ addabara win abarkot
English: In this sense, multiculturalism values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same planet.
Tamasheq: Daɣ almaɣna wen, multiculturalism ikf-a alqim aharoj n alxer d semɣar ogdahan jir agna tan izlayan izzaɣnen fal amadal olahan
English: In 1986, philosopher Edward S. Casey wrote, "The very word culture meant 'place tilled' in Middle English, and the same word goes back to Latin colere, 'to inhabit, care for, till, worship' and cultus, 'A cult, especially a religious one.'
Tamasheq: “Daɣ awatay wan 1968, Edward S. Casey iktab “ almaɣna n isim n agna wan tiditt s eɣaf net: Middle English tolas isim wen eqqal har Latin colere, ‘i tamazduq, awikkal, har, aɣabad d cultus’ aɣabad hullan wan addin”
English: Thus a contrast between "culture" and "civilization" is usually implied in these authors, even when not expressed as such.
Tamasheq: “Anmizlay jir “”agna ‘’ d ‘’civilizasyon’’ harkuk ijjan ti inatiban win tangalt hak id alwaq wa id war ikk awen”
English: This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago and is often thought to be unique to humans.
Tamasheq: Tudabet ten tinkar id ɣur iki n data wan behavioral modernity daɣ addinat edes n a ilan 50.000 n awatay tolas daɣ amedran war ila amidi i addinat
English: Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question.
Tamasheq: Rein Raud ikan in alxidmat net tan Emberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu d Jeffrey C. Alexander ijjan addabara n tamattit n agna tijjat fal claims and bids amos nen daɣ achareɣa aqqud nasan n musnat tolas ilkam meɣ war has ilkem assahat n tawset n agna
English: Culture repositioning means the reconstruction of the cultural concept of a society.
Tamasheq: asiddagar wan agna almaɣna net amasuɣal daɣ edey n isim wan agna daɣ tamazduq
English: Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action.
Tamasheq: Akinnas daɣ tamazduq d efes n teknoloji tan addobat ad aru imutiyan daɣ tamazduq s tamattit n timitikwayen n tamzduq d achichɣal dumu tan n agna eynaynen tolas itiruwan meɣ ehak in turhajat n alxidmat tiruwat
English: Environmental conditions may also enter as factors.
Tamasheq: Talɣiwen tin ahinzazaɣ tajjach nat intaned deɣ daɣ marsalan
English: War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics.
Tamasheq: Akinnas meɣ tamadacht fal alfayda tan addobat ad ekmu efes wan teknoloji meɣ tamatikwayt n tamazduq
English: For example, Western restaurant chains and culinary brands sparked curiosity and fascination to the Chinese as China opened its economy to international trade in the late 20th-century. "
Tamasheq: “ Almital, esassar n muxatta tan win ikufar d derhan n alkuzay tan nasan d jarruzat wa ijjan i Chinwa tan fal as aqtisad wan Chine ammera i mamala wan jir ikallan daɣ awatay wan 2000””
English: He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently.
Tamasheq: Allaɣat as iban tenanɣe wadden iban afaham a id izajar muham iban asassuhi daɣ anasjum ijjan s alxoriya
English: Moreover, Herder proposed a collective form of Bildung: "For Herder, Bildung was the totality of experiences that provide a coherent identity, and sense of common destiny, to a people."
Tamasheq: “Heder ijja addabara dumu oharan n Bildung “”i Herder, Bildung eqqal akimmal n musnaten ti hakkinen tumast toɣadat d almaɣna n taɣrist toharat i addinat”””
English: According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups.
Tamasheq: Daɣ allaɣat lakkol net wan amedran, taqqimt n tawset fuk tila akyad net n alɣalim izlayan awen war ila iddikud i ikayadan n alɣalim n taqqimen ti yadnen
English: He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements.
Tamasheq: Ijja addabara anmigdah n addinat n timizdaq fuk ad esakin ikayadan n alɣalim wi izlaynen ahan titbaqqa olahnen
English: """a particular way of life, whether of a people, period or a group."""
Tamasheq: “””Imik n tamudre jir ɣas n addinat,azzaman meɣ n taqqimt””
English: In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.
Tamasheq: “” Daɣ majrad iyyan, ta-ite tan “”agna’’ ta taqqalat efes daɣ Eroba daɣ awatay wan 1800 d 900 t asukna inmijaran daɣ timizdaɣ tin Eroba””