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--- |
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dataset_info: |
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features: |
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- name: image |
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dtype: image |
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- name: text |
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dtype: string |
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- name: id |
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dtype: string |
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- name: title |
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dtype: string |
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- name: description |
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dtype: string |
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- name: credits |
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dtype: string |
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- name: url |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Id |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Type |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Release date |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Related releases |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Size |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Name |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Distance |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Constellation |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Category |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Position (RA) |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Position (Dec) |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Field of view |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Orientation |
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dtype: string |
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- name: width |
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dtype: int64 |
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- name: height |
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dtype: int64 |
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- name: file_size |
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dtype: int64 |
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- name: crop_w |
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dtype: int64 |
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- name: crop_h |
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dtype: int64 |
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- name: cropped |
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dtype: bool |
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- name: Related science announcements |
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dtype: string |
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- name: Related announcements |
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dtype: string |
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splits: |
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- name: train |
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num_bytes: 94474695584.124 |
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num_examples: 2706 |
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download_size: 61236366105 |
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dataset_size: 94474695584.124 |
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license: cc-by-4.0 |
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task_categories: |
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- text-to-image |
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language: |
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- en |
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tags: |
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- space |
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pretty_name: ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions |
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size_categories: |
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- 1K<n<10K |
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--- |
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# Dataset Card for ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions |
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The ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions dataset is composed primarily of Hubble deep space scans as high-resolution images, |
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along with textual descriptions written by ESA/Hubble. Metadata is also included, which enables more detailed filtering and understanding of massive space scans. |
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The purpose of this dataset is to enable text-to-image generation methods for generating high-quality deep space scans from prompts. |
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## Examples |
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> A grazing encounter between two spiral galaxies: In the direction of the constellation Canis Major, two spiral galaxies pass by each other like majestic ships in the night. The near-collision has been caught in images taken by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and its Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. |
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> Credit: NASA/ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI) |
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> The magnificent starburst galaxy Messier 82: This mosaic image of the magnificent starburst galaxy, Messier 82 (M82) is the sharpest wide-angle view ever obtained of M82. It is a galaxy remarkable for its webs of shredded clouds and flame-like plumes of glowing hydrogen blasting out from its central regions where young stars are being born 10 times faster than they are inside in our Milky Way Galaxy. |
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> Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (NSF). |
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> Extreme star cluster bursts into life in new Hubble image: The star-forming region NGC 3603 - seen here in the latest Hubble Space Telescope image - contains one of the most impressive massive young star clusters in the Milky Way. Bathed in gas and dust the cluster formed in a huge rush of star formation thought to have occurred around a million years ago. The hot blue stars at the core are responsible for carving out a huge cavity in the gas seen to the right of the star cluster in NGC 3603's centre. |
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> Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration |
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## Statistics |
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* There are a total of 2,706 deep space images |
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* The complete uncompressed size of the dataset is 120 GB, so definitely make use of [Streaming](https://huggingface.co/docs/datasets/stream) |
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* The average image is 44 MB, while the max image size is 432 MB |
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* The average image has a height of 2,881 pixels, and an average width of 3,267 pixels |
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## Collection |
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All images were collected from [https://esahubble.org/](https://esahubble.org/). |
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Fullsize Original images & metadata were crawled from the ESA Hubble website using [Scrapy](https://scrapy.org/). |
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Images were downloaded as `.tiff` files with the following [code](https://github.com/Supermaxman/SpaceGAN), while |
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additional metadata was later collected for each image using the following [code](https://github.com/Supermaxman/WebbDiffuser). |
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As the ESA Hubble website collects images from a wide variety of sources, images were filtered to try to avoid any non-space scan images as follows: |
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The ESA Hubble [Advanced Image Search](http://esahubble.org/images/archive/search) enables the following filtering parameters: |
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* images with Minimum size greater than or equal to 400x300 |
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* Ranking greater than or equal to Fair or better |
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* Type containing 'Observation' |
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This reduced significantly the number of images which had nothing to do with Hubble deep space scans. |
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A total of around 3,000 space images were collected with this method. |
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## Filtering |
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Further automatic and manual filtering was performed to remove the following: |
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* improperly classified images |
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* space renders |
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* diagrams with text |
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* images of celestial bodies within our solar system |
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This brought the total number of deep space images down to 2,593. |
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This process was not perfect, and there likely remain some images in the dataset that should be removed in the future. |
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## Preprocessing |
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Some of the deep space scans were as large as 34,372x19,345, with a bit depth of 24 (nearly 2 GB). |
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Unfortunately, these images were too large to upload easily. |
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Therefore, images were automatically subdivided in half if they were above 12,000 pixels in either height or width. |
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Subdivided images were also tagged with additional metadata, such that users can reconstruct the original images if they would prefer. |
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Otherwise, metadata was copied across subdivided images. |
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Additionally, images were converted from RGB/RGBX `.tiff` to RGB `.png` files to avoid encoding issues. |
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This process resulted in 2,706 final deep space images. |
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## License |
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ESA/Hubble images, videos and web texts are released under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |
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and may on a non-exclusive basis be reproduced without fee provided they are clearly and visibly credited. |
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See [https://esahubble.org/copyright/](https://esahubble.org/copyright/) for additional conditions for reproduction and copyright. |
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## Citation |
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If you use this dataset, please cite it as: |
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``` |
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@misc{weinzierl2023hubble, |
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author = {Weinzierl, Maxwell A.}, |
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title = {ESA Hubble Deep Space Images & Captions}, |
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year={2023}, |
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howpublished= {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/Supermaxman/esa-hubble}} |
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} |
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``` |
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