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57300ec0947a6a140053d006 | Islamism | In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the wor... | What did the conflict galvanize Muslims around the world to do? | {
"answer_start": [
326,
326,
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],
"text": [
"send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith",
"send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith",
"send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith"
]
} | What did the conflict galvanize [MASK] around the world to do? | [
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0.0214329529553... | Kenyans generally have three meals in a day – breakfast in the morning (kiamsha kinywa), lunch in the afternoon (chakula cha mchana) and supper in the evening (chakula cha jioni or known simply as "chajio"). In between, they have the 10 o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi). Breakfast is usually... | On 6 October 1973, as Jews were observing Yom Kippur, the Egyptian and Syrian armies launched a surprise attack against Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights, that opened the Yom Kippur War. The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered o... | In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap... | send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith | 97,315 |
57300ec0947a6a140053d007 | Islamism | In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the wor... | How effective was the military use of the "Afghan Arabs"? | {
"answer_start": [
530,
530,
530
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"text": [
"marginal",
"marginal",
"marginal"
]
} | How effective was the military use of [MASK]"? | [
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57300ec0947a6a140053d008 | Islamism | In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the wor... | How many Muslims came from around the world to fight in Afghanistan? | {
"answer_start": [
553,
553,
553
],
"text": [
"16,000 to 35,000",
"16,000 to 35,000",
"16,000 to 35,000"
]
} | How many [MASK] came from around the world to fight in [MASK]? | [
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57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1 | Islamism | Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in rest... | What did the Gulf War inadvertently do in the early 1990s? | {
"answer_start": [
39,
49,
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"text": [
"worked to radicalize the Islamist movement",
"radicalize the Islamist movement",
"radicalize the Islamist movement"
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} | What did [MASK] inadvertently do in [MASK]? | [
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57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2 | Islamism | Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in rest... | Whose occupation of Kuwait did the US military personal seek to put an end to? | {
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"Saddam Hussein",
"Saddam Hussein's",
"Saddam Hussein's"
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} | Whose occupation of [MASK] did the [MASK] military personal seek to put an end to? | [
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0.0915008410811... | In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition". The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for examp... | Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after t... | US troops participated in a UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia beginning in 1992. By 1993 the US troops were augmented with Rangers and special forces with the aim of capturing warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid, whose forces had massacred peacekeepers from Pakistan. During a raid in downtown Mogadishu, US troops became trap... | Saddam Hussein | 97,319 |
57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3 | Islamism | Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in rest... | Up until 1990, Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining what groups? | {
"answer_start": [
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337,
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"text": [
"Islamist",
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"Islamist"
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} | Up until [MASK], [MASK] played an important role in restraining what groups? | [
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57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4 | Islamism | Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in rest... | What monarchy did western troops protect? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Saudi",
"Saudi",
"Saudi"
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} | What monarchy did western troops protect? | [
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57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5 | Islamism | Another factor in the early 1990s that worked to radicalize the Islamist movement was the Gulf War, which brought several hundred thousand US and allied non-Muslim military personnel to Saudi Arabian soil to put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait. Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in rest... | Whose puppet did Islamists accuse the Saudi regime of being? | {
"answer_start": [
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"the west",
"the west",
"the west"
]
} | Whose puppet did [MASK] accuse the [MASK] regime of being? | [
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573010fab2c2fd14005687d7 | Islamism | These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among the... | Who did the attacks resonate most with? | {
"answer_start": [
29,
42,
29
],
"text": [
"conservative Muslims",
"Muslims",
"conservative Muslims"
]
} | Who did the attacks resonate most with? | [
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573010fab2c2fd14005687d9 | Islamism | These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among the... | What did Saudi Arabia try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature? | {
"answer_start": [
350,
350,
350
],
"text": [
"domestic Islamists",
"domestic Islamists",
"domestic Islamists"
]
} | What did [MASK] try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature? | [
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573010fab2c2fd14005687d8 | Islamism | These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among the... | Where did American troops remain stationed after Saddam's defeat? | {
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"text": [
"in the kingdom",
"in the kingdom",
"the kingdom"
]
} | Where did [MASK] troops remain stationed after [MASK] 's defeat? | [
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573010fab2c2fd14005687da | Islamism | These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among the... | Where did a bloody civil war break out? | {
"answer_start": [
739,
739,
739
],
"text": [
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Algeria"
]
} | Where did a bloody civil war break out? | [
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573010fab2c2fd14005687db | Islamism | These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among the... | Who masterminded many terror attacks? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Osama bin Laden",
"Osama bin Laden",
"Osama bin Laden"
]
} | Who masterminded many terror attacks? | [
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573011de04bcaa1900d770f9 | Islamism | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s ... | Whose ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment? | {
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"Qutb's",
"Qutb",
"Qutb's"
]
} | Whose ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment? | [
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573011de04bcaa1900d770fa | Islamism | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s ... | When was Qutb executed? | {
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"text": [
"1966",
"1966",
"1966"
]
} | When was [MASK] executed? | [
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0.04560837149... | During the French Revolution, and soon after, in Germany (by the Left Hegelians), humanism began to refer to an ethical philosophy centered on humankind, without attention to the transcendent or supernatural. The designation Religious Humanism refers to organized groups that sprang up during the late-nineteenth and ear... | By 1957, pan-Arabism was the dominant ideology of the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser his undisputed leader. Historian Adeed Dawisha credited Nasser's status to his "charisma, bolstered by his perceived victory in the Suez Crisis". The Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs radio station spread Nasse... | Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | 1966 | 97,329 |
573011de04bcaa1900d770fb | Islamism | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s ... | What organization was led by Hasan al-Hudaybi? | {
"answer_start": [
121,
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"text": [
"the Brotherhood",
"the Brotherhood",
"Brotherhood"
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} | What organization was led by [MASK]? | [
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573011de04bcaa1900d770fc | Islamism | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s ... | What movements pursued a more radical direction? | {
"answer_start": [
235,
235,
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"text": [
"Fringe or splinter",
"Fringe or splinter movements",
"Fringe"
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} | What movements pursued a more radical direction? | [
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573011de04bcaa1900d770fd | Islamism | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s ... | When had the Brotherhood renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals? | {
"answer_start": [
452,
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"text": [
"By the 1970s",
"the 1970s",
"1970s"
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} | When had the [MASK] renounced violence as a means of achieving its goals? | [
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5730126ba23a5019007fcd09 | Islamism | The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who... | Who took up the path of violence? | {
"answer_start": [
68,
64,
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],
"text": [
"Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization",
"the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization",
"Egyptian Islamic Jihad"
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} | Who took up the path of violence? | [
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5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a | Islamism | The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who... | When did the Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinate Anwar Sadat? | {
"answer_start": [
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],
"text": [
"1981",
"1981",
"1981"
]
} | When did [MASK] assassinate [MASK]? | [
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5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b | Islamism | The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who... | Which leaders did the Islamic extremists attack? | {
"answer_start": [
273,
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"text": [
"apostate",
"\"apostate\" leaders of Muslim states,",
"apostate"
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} | Which leaders did the [MASK] extremists attack? | [
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0.0167303... | The iconic department stores of New Zealand's three major centres are Smith & Caughey's (founded 1880), in New Zealand's most populous city, Auckland; Kirkcaldie & Stains (founded 1863) in the capital, Wellington; and Ballantynes (founded 1854) in New Zealand's second biggest city, Christchurch. These offer high-end an... | Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian... | In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, terrorist attacks in Egypt became numerous and severe, and began to target Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials. In the 1990s an Islamist group, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, engaged in an extended campaign of violence, from the murders and attempted murders of prominent ... | apostate | 97,335 |
5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c | Islamism | The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who... | What sin were the leaders the extremists attacked guilty of? | {
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"text": [
"promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies",
"held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies",
"secular leanings"
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} | What sin were the leaders the extremists attacked guilty of? | [
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5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d | Islamism | The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who... | Who wrote a pamphlet outlining the radical ideas of the extremists? | {
"answer_start": [
486,
486,
486
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"text": [
"Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag",
"Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag",
"Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag"
]
} | Who wrote a pamphlet outlining the radical ideas of the extremists? | [
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0.09888087... | Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of be... | Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian... | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag | 97,337 |
5730131c947a6a140053d052 | Islamism | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | What did al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya use to get its way? | {
"answer_start": [
46,
46,
46
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"text": [
"violence",
"violence",
"violence"
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} | What did [MASK] use to get its way? | [
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0.0027508... | The first Jewish congregation in Richmond was Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom. Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalom was the sixth congregation in the United States. By 1822 K.K. Beth Shalom members worshipped in the first synagogue building in Virginia. They eventually merged with Congregation Beth Ahabah, an offshoot of Beth Shalom. The... | Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims ... | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | violence | 97,338 |
5730131c947a6a140053d053 | Islamism | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | Over 100 Egyptian police were victims of what group's campaign of terror? | {
"answer_start": [
95,
95,
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],
"text": [
"al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya",
"al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya",
"Islamic Group"
]
} | [MASK] [MASK] police were victims of what group 's campaign of terror? | [
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5730131c947a6a140053d055 | Islamism | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | When did Jamaa Islamiya renounce violence? | {
"answer_start": [
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574,
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"text": [
"in 2003",
"2003",
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} | When did [MASK] renounce violence? | [
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5730131c947a6a140053d054 | Islamism | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | How did the Islamic Group's campaign to overthrow the government turn out? | {
"answer_start": [
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"unsuccessful",
"unsuccessful",
"unsuccessful"
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} | How did [MASK] campaign to overthrow the government turn out? | [
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5730131c947a6a140053d056 | Islamism | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | Who has the Islamic Liberation Party attempted to assassinate? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"political figures",
"political figures",
"political figures"
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} | Who has [MASK] attempted to assassinate? | [
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5730208fa23a5019007fcded | Islamism | For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifa... | Until 1987, what stance did the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine take towards Israel? | {
"answer_start": [
108,
108,
108
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"text": [
"quiescent",
"quiescent",
"quiescent"
]
} | Until [MASK], what stance did [MASK] in [MASK] take towards [MASK]? | [
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5730208fa23a5019007fcdee | Islamism | For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifa... | What organization is devoted to Jihad against Israel? | {
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459,
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"HAMAS",
"HAMAS",
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} | What organization is devoted to Jihad against Israel? | [
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5730208fa23a5019007fcdef | Islamism | For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifa... | What did the Hamas charter uncompromisingly encourage? | {
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"the destruction of Israel",
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} | What did the [MASK] charter uncompromisingly encourage? | [
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5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1 | Islamism | For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifa... | The Brotherhood's members are against consuming what beverage? | {
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"text": [
"alcohol",
"alcohol",
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} | The [MASK] 's members are against consuming what beverage? | [
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0.186929717659950... | The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio. | Meanwhile, in January 1968, Nasser commenced the War of Attrition to reclaim territory captured by Israel, ordering attacks against Israeli positions east of the then-blockaded Suez Canal. In March, Nasser offered Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement arms and funds after their performance against Israeli forces in the Battle... | Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Mu... | alcohol | 97,346 |
5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0 | Islamism | For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifa... | Where does HAMAS want to establish an Islamic state? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | Where does [MASK] want to establish an [MASK] state? | [
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573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7 | Islamism | Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or "martyrdom operations". In the January 2006 legislative election—its first foray into the political process—it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been p... | What organization has continued to be a major disruptive force in Palestine? | {
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} | What organization has continued to be a major disruptive force in [MASK]? | [
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573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8 | Islamism | Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or "martyrdom operations". In the January 2006 legislative election—its first foray into the political process—it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been p... | How many people did Hamas kill between 2000 to 2007? | {
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} | How many people did [MASK] kill [MASK]? | [
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573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9 | Islamism | Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or "martyrdom operations". In the January 2006 legislative election—its first foray into the political process—it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been p... | What did Hamas win in the January 2006 legislative election? | {
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} | What did [MASK] win in the [MASK] legislative election? | [
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573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa | Islamism | Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or "martyrdom operations". In the January 2006 legislative election—its first foray into the political process—it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been p... | When did Hamas drive the PLO out of Gaza? | {
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} | When did [MASK] drive the [MASK] out of [MASK]? | [
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573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb | Islamism | Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine. From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or "martyrdom operations". In the January 2006 legislative election—its first foray into the political process—it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza. Hamas has been p... | What have Muslims praised Hamas for doing? | {
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"driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip",
"driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip",
"driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip"
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} | What have [MASK] praised [MASK] for doing? | [
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57302700a23a5019007fce89 | Islamism | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | What type of regime ruled over Sudan for many years? | {
"answer_start": [
29,
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} | What type of regime ruled over [MASK] for [MASK]? | [
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57302700a23a5019007fce8a | Islamism | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | Who was the leader of the Islamist regime in Sudan? | {
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} | Who was the leader of the [MASK] regime in [MASK]? | [
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57302700a23a5019007fce8b | Islamism | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | What organization did General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invite members of to serve in his government? | {
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} | What organization did General [MASK] Nimeiry invite members of to serve in his government? | [
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57302700a23a5019007fce8c | Islamism | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | How did Turabi build a strong economic base? | {
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"money from foreign Islamist banking systems",
"with money from foreign Islamist banking systems",
"money from foreign Islamist banking systems"
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} | How did [MASK] build a strong economic base? | [
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57302700a23a5019007fce8d | Islamism | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | Where did Turabi place students sympathetic to his views? | {
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} | Where did [MASK] place students sympathetic to his views? | [
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573027d6a23a5019007fce9d | Islamism | After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but stri... | When was al-Nimeiry overthrown? | {
"answer_start": [
35,
35,
35
],
"text": [
"1985",
"1985",
"1985"
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} | When was [MASK] - [MASK] overthrown? | [
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573027d6a23a5019007fce9e | Islamism | After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but stri... | How did the party overthrow the elected government in 1989? | {
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160,
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"text": [
"with the help of the military",
"with the help of the military",
"military"
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} | How did the party overthrow the elected government in [MASK]? | [
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0.15198771655... | According to the Census Bureau, the median household income in 2013 was $36,836, down 7.9 percent from 2008 when the median household income was $40,008 (in 2013 dollars). For comparison, the median household income among metropolitan areas was $60,482, down 8.2 percent in the same period, and the national median house... | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | On 28 September 1961, secessionist army units launched a coup in Damascus, declaring Syria's secession from the UAR. In response, pro-union army units in northern Syria revolted and pro-Nasser protests occurred in major Syrian cities. Nasser sent Egyptian special forces to Latakia to bolster his allies, but withdrew th... | with the help of the military | 97,359 |
573027d6a23a5019007fce9f | Islamism | After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but stri... | Though Turabi proclaimed his support for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power? | {
"answer_start": [
338,
338,
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"text": [
"sharia law",
"sharia law",
"sharia law"
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} | Though [MASK] proclaimed his support for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power? | [
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-0.020043309... | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | Opposition to the union mounted among some of Syria's key elements, namely the socioeconomic, political, and military elites. In response to Syria's worsening economy, which Nasser attributed to its control by the bourgeoisie, in July 1961, Nasser decreed socialist measures that nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the... | sharia law | 97,360 |
573027d6a23a5019007fcea0 | Islamism | After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but stri... | Who did the NIF regime harbor prior to 9/11? | {
"answer_start": [
509,
509,
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],
"text": [
"Osama bin Laden",
"Osama bin Laden",
"Osama bin Laden"
]
} | Who did the [MASK] regime harbor prior to [MASK]? | [
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573027d6a23a5019007fcea1 | Islamism | After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989 it was able to overthrow the elected post-al-Nimeiry government with the help of the military. Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but stri... | What did the NIF try to unify Islamist opposition against? | {
"answer_start": [
598,
594,
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"text": [
"American attack on Iraq",
"the American attack on Iraq",
"American attack on Iraq"
]
} | What did the [MASK] try to unify [MASK] opposition against? | [
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0.40039455... | Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of it... | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | American attack on Iraq | 97,362 |
5730285a04bcaa1900d77270 | Islamism | An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhad... | One of FIS' agenda items was to force women to start doing what? | {
"answer_start": [
681,
681,
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],
"text": [
"staying home",
"staying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men",
"staying home"
]
} | [MASK] of [MASK] ' agenda items was to force women to start doing what? | [
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5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f | Islamism | An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhad... | When was the FIS founded? | {
"answer_start": [
232,
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"text": [
"1989",
"1989",
"1989"
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} | When was the [MASK] founded? | [
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5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e | Islamism | An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhad... | Where was the FIS formed? | {
"answer_start": [
182,
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61
],
"text": [
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Afghanistan"
]
} | Where was the [MASK] formed? | [
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5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d | Islamism | An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhad... | What does the acronym FIS stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
124,
124,
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],
"text": [
"Front Islamique de Salut",
"Front Islamique de Salut",
"Front Islamique de Salut"
]
} | What does the acronym FIS stand for? | [
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5730285a04bcaa1900d77271 | Islamism | An Islamist movement influenced by Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front) in Algeria. Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhad... | What were the national elections in 1991 canceled by? | {
"answer_start": [
892,
892,
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],
"text": [
"a military coup d'état",
"a military coup d'état",
"a military coup d'état"
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} | What were the national elections in [MASK] canceled by? | [
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573028fa04bcaa1900d77287 | Islamism | In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by comm... | Unsurprisingly, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviets in the 1980s failed to produce what? | {
"answer_start": [
95,
95,
95
],
"text": [
"justice and prosperity",
"justice and prosperity",
"justice and prosperity"
]
} | Unsurprisingly, the mujahideen 's victory against the [MASK] in [MASK] failed to produce what? | [
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0.2399704158306... | Corruption is often most evident in countries with the smallest per capita incomes, relying on foreign aid for health services. Local political interception of donated money from overseas is especially prevalent in Sub-Saharan African nations, where it was reported in the 2006 World Bank Report that about half of the f... | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | justice and prosperity | 97,368 |
573028fa04bcaa1900d77288 | Islamism | In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by comm... | What type of civil war was fought between political and tribal warlords? | {
"answer_start": [
128,
128,
152
],
"text": [
"vicious and destructive",
"vicious and destructive",
"civil"
]
} | What type of civil war was fought between political and tribal warlords? | [
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0.44035941362... | The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Culture... | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major... | vicious and destructive | 97,369 |
573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a | Islamism | In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by comm... | When did the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan collapse? | {
"answer_start": [
262,
262,
262
],
"text": [
"1992",
"1992",
"1992"
]
} | When did [MASK] collapse? | [
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0.2673524320... | Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were ... | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | 1992 | 97,370 |
573028fa04bcaa1900d77289 | Islamism | In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by comm... | What did the civil war leave the state of Afghanistan's economy in? | {
"answer_start": [
220,
220,
220
],
"text": [
"one of the poorest countries on earth",
"one of the poorest countries on earth",
"one of the poorest countries on earth"
]
} | What did [MASK] leave the state of [MASK] 's economy in? | [
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0.371579825878... | John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months. He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia. After he died, his brow was ritually tapped... | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | During the Gorbachev era of the 1980s, with the reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika, Armenians began to demand better environmental care for their country, opposing the pollution that Soviet-built factories brought. Tensions also developed between Soviet Azerbaijan and its autonomous district of Nagorno-Karabakh, a maj... | one of the poorest countries on earth | 97,371 |
573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b | Islamism | In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war between political and tribal warlords, making Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth. In 1992, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan ruled by comm... | How much of Afghanistan did the Taliban take over? | {
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"80%",
"roughly 80%",
"roughly 80%"
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} | How much of [MASK] did the [MASK] take over? | [
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57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf | Islamism | The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | Thousands of madrasahs spawned what organization? | {
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0,
0,
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"text": [
"The Taliban",
"The Taliban",
"Taliban"
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} | [MASK] of [MASK] spawned what organization? | [
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57302a3aa23a5019007fced0 | Islamism | The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | Where did support from governmental and religious groups come from? | {
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"Pakistan",
"Pakistan",
"Pakistan"
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} | Where did support from governmental and religious groups come from? | [
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57302a3aa23a5019007fced1 | Islamism | The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | The Taliban was so different from other moments that they could be more accurately described as being what? | {
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335,
309,
335
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"text": [
"neofundamentalist",
"Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist",
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} | The [MASK] was so different from other moments that they could be more accurately described as being what? | [
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0.2118663... | Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%). | Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims ... | Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series... | neofundamentalist | 97,375 |
57302a3aa23a5019007fced2 | Islamism | The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | What did the Taliban want to subject the entire country to? | {
"answer_start": [
476,
379,
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"text": [
"Sharia",
"an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs",
"Sharia"
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} | What did the [MASK] want to subject the entire country to? | [
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0.4131180644035... | In the West, the ancient Greeks initially regarded the best form of government as rule by the best men. Plato advocated a benevolent monarchy ruled by an idealized philosopher king, who was above the law. Plato nevertheless hoped that the best men would be good at respecting established laws, explaining that "Where the... | Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims ... | During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisi... | Sharia | 97,376 |
57302a3aa23a5019007fced3 | Islamism | The Taliban were spawned by the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups in neighboring Pakistan. The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fun... | Who influenced the Taliban's ideology? | {
"answer_start": [
615,
615,
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"text": [
"Osama bin Laden",
"Osama bin Laden",
"Osama bin Laden"
]
} | Who influenced the [MASK] 's ideology? | [
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0.154836... | Schwarzenegger tripped over his ski pole and broke his right femur while skiing in Sun Valley, Idaho, with his family on December 23, 2006. On December 26, 2006, he underwent a 90-minute operation in which cables and screws were used to wire the broken bone back together. He was released from the St. John's Health Cent... | Many Islamic anti-Masonic arguments are closely tied to both antisemitism and Anti-Zionism, though other criticisms are made such as linking Freemasonry to al-Masih ad-Dajjal (the false Messiah). Some Muslim anti-Masons argue that Freemasonry promotes the interests of the Jews around the world and that one of its aims ... | For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifa... | Osama bin Laden | 97,377 |
57302ad804bcaa1900d772af | Islamism | In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islam... | When was the regime in Pakistan overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq? | {
"answer_start": [
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3,
8
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"text": [
"July 1977",
"July 1977",
"1977"
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} | When was the regime in [MASK] overthrown by General [MASK]? | [
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0.37565... | In 1821, Saul Solomon issued a 70,560 copper tokens worth a halfpenny each Payable at St Helena by Solomon, Dickson and Taylor – presumably London partners – that circulated alongside the East India Company's local coinage until the Crown took over the island in 1836. The coin remains readily available to collectors. | On 8 February 1963, a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead. Abdel Salam Aref, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser d... | Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffi... | July 1977 | 97,378 |
57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0 | Islamism | In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islam... | What had Bhutto planned on banning within six months, before he was overthrown? | {
"answer_start": [
186,
186,
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"text": [
"alcohol and nightclubs",
"alcohol and nightclubs",
"alcohol and nightclubs"
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} | What had [MASK] planned on banning within [MASK], before he was overthrown? | [
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57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1 | Islamism | In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islam... | What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology? | {
"answer_start": [
429,
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],
"text": [
"Islamism",
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} | What was [MASK] official state ideology? | [
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0.11429618299007... | Almost all animals are capable of modifying their behavior as a result of experience—even the most primitive types of worms. Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Theorists dating back to Santiago Ramón y Cajal argued that the most plausib... | On 8 February 1963, a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead. Abdel Salam Aref, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser d... | In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at ... | Islamism | 97,380 |
57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2 | Islamism | In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islam... | What was Zia-ul-Haq accused of using Islamization to legitimize? | {
"answer_start": [
870,
870,
883
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"text": [
"his means of seizing power",
"his means of seizing",
"seizing power"
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} | What was [MASK] accused of using Islamization to legitimize? | [
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0.28687012... | In some team matches, only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment. Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status. This is known as a "tag", with the participants "tagging out" and "tagging in". Typic... | On 8 February 1963, a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead. Abdel Salam Aref, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser d... | Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians. In 1514, Sultan Selim I, nicknamed "the Grim" because of his cruelty, ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered heretics, reportedly proclaiming that "the killin... | his means of seizing power | 97,381 |
57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3 | Islamism | In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan. Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown. Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islam... | When was Zia-ul-Haq killed? | {
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"text": [
"1988",
"1988",
"1988"
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} | When was [MASK] killed? | [
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0.0388180501... | From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720. The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban s... | On 8 February 1963, a military coup in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead. Abdel Salam Aref, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance toppled the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser d... | During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere follow... | 1988 | 97,382 |
57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db | Islamism | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... | What type of group is The Islamic State? | {
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190,
214
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"text": [
"Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant",
"Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group",
"extremist militant"
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} | What type of group is [MASK]? | [
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57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc | Islamism | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... | Who leads The Islamic State? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Sunni Arabs",
"Sunni Arabs",
"Sunni Arabs"
]
} | Who leads [MASK]? | [
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57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de | Islamism | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... | How many people did the Islamic State control the territory of as of March 2015? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"ten million",
"ten million",
"ten million"
]
} | How many people did [MASK] control the territory of as of [MASK]? | [
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57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df | Islamism | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... | What does the Islamic State lack from the international community? | {
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57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd | Islamism | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... | What did the Islamic State proclaim itself in 2014? | {
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57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7 | Islamism | Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | When did ISIL pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda? | {
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57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8 | Islamism | Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | When did Western forces invade Iraq? | {
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57302cd004bcaa1900d772da | Islamism | Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | Why did al-Qaeda tell ISIL to take a hike? | {
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57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9 | Islamism | Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | When did the Syrian Civil War begin? | {
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57302cd004bcaa1900d772db | Islamism | Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which ... | What has the United Nations designed ISIL? | {
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57302e45947a6a140053d22e | Islamism | In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Calip... | What's the party's take on Muslim history? | {
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} | What's the party 's take on [MASK] history? | [
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57302e45947a6a140053d22f | Islamism | In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Calip... | When did the four rightly guided Caliphs die? | {
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57302e45947a6a140053d230 | Islamism | In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Calip... | When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished? | {
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} | When was [MASK] abolished? | [
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57302e45947a6a140053d231 | Islamism | In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Calip... | The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have ended what system? | {
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} | The abolition of [MASK] is believed to have ended what system? | [
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57302e45947a6a140053d232 | Islamism | In its focus on the Caliphate, the party takes a different view of Muslim history than some other Islamists such as Muhammad Qutb. HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Calip... | What are colonial powers blamed for? | {
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57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5 | Islamism | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | What type of jihad does HT avoid engaging in? | {
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57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6 | Islamism | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | How does HT strive to amass power? | {
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57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7 | Islamism | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | Who specifically does HT target to change the opinion of? | {
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-0.132400199770... | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a... | Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with th... | elites | 97,400 |
57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8 | Islamism | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | Where did HT fail to pull off a bloodless coup in 1974? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"Egypt",
"Egypt",
"Egypt"
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} | Where did [MASK] fail to pull off a bloodless coup in [MASK]? | [
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57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9 | Islamism | HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup. It allegedly attempted and failed such coups in... | What have many HT members graduated to joining? | {
"answer_start": [
446,
446,
446
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"text": [
"terrorist groups",
"terrorist groups",
"terrorist groups"
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} | What have many [MASK] members graduated to joining? | [
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57302faa04bcaa1900d77311 | Islamism | Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by expo... | How many Muslims are in Greater London? | {
"answer_start": [
19,
24,
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"text": [
"over 900,000",
"900,000",
"over 900,000"
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} | How many [MASK] are in [MASK]? | [
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57302faa04bcaa1900d77312 | Islamism | Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by expo... | What type of outlook do some of the Muslims in London have? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"strong Islamist",
"a strong Islamist outlook",
"Islamist"
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} | What type of outlook do some of the [MASK] in [MASK] have? | [
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57302faa04bcaa1900d77313 | Islamism | Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by expo... | When did the Channel 4 documentary Undercover Mosque air? | {
"answer_start": [
336,
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"text": [
"2007",
"2007",
"2007"
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} | When did the [MASK] documentary [MASK] air? | [
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57302faa04bcaa1900d77314 | Islamism | Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by expo... | The perceived British policy of being hands off of its Muslim population has resulted in what derogatory term for London? | {
"answer_start": [
419,
419,
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"text": [
"Londonistan",
"Londonistan",
"Londonistan"
]
} | The perceived [MASK] policy of being hands off of its [MASK] population has resulted in what derogatory term for [MASK]? | [
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57302faa04bcaa1900d77315 | Islamism | Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy of allowing them free rein, heightened by expo... | What was Abu Hamaz al-Masri charged with when he was arrested? | {
"answer_start": [
557,
557,
557
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"text": [
"incitement to terrorism",
"incitement to terrorism",
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} | What was [MASK] charged with when he was arrested? | [
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57303048947a6a140053d254 | Islamism | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | How long as the U.S. government been actively engaged in efforts to counter Islamism? | {
"answer_start": [
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85,
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"since 2001",
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"2001"
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} | How long as the [MASK] government been actively engaged in efforts to counter [MASK]? | [
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57303048947a6a140053d255 | Islamism | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | What department in the U.S. spearheaded the efforts against Islamism? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"State",
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"State"
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} | What department in the [MASK] spearheaded the efforts against [MASK]? | [
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57303048947a6a140053d256 | Islamism | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | Who called for an agency to be created to be solely focused at undermining the Islamism ideology? | {
"answer_start": [
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371,
334
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"Christian Whiton",
"George W. Bush",
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} | Who called for an agency to be created to be solely focused at undermining the [MASK] ideology? | [
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57303048947a6a140053d257 | Islamism | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | What position in the government does Robert Gates hold? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"U.S. Defense Secretary",
"Defense Secretary",
"Defense Secretary"
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} | What position in the government does [MASK] hold? | [
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57303048947a6a140053d258 | Islamism | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | What was the U.S. Information Agency charged with doing during the Cold War? | {
"answer_start": [
660,
660,
660
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"text": [
"undermining the communist ideology",
"undermining the communist ideology",
"undermining the communist ideology"
]
} | What was [MASK] charged with doing during [MASK]? | [
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573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6 | Imperialism | Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire. Its name originated from the Latin word "imperium", which means to rule over large territories. Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means". Imperialism has greatly shaped the contemporary... | The word imperialism has it's origins in which ancient language? | {
"answer_start": [
74,
74,
74,
74,
74
],
"text": [
"Latin",
"Latin",
"Latin",
"Latin",
"Latin"
]
} | The word imperialism has it's origins in which ancient language? | [
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573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7 | Imperialism | Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire. Its name originated from the Latin word "imperium", which means to rule over large territories. Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means". Imperialism has greatly shaped the contemporary... | By what means is imperialism usually administered? | {
"answer_start": [
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"colonization, use of military force, or other means",
"colonization, use of military force, or other means",
"colonization, use of military force, or other",
"colonization"
]
} | By what means is imperialism usually administered? | [
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0.2420193552... | Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepared cheat sheets for s... | The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Mar... | The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Mar... | military force | 97,414 |
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