id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 1 25.7k | query_embedding list | random_answer stringlengths 151 4.06k | similar_answer stringlengths 152 4.06k | similar_answer_v2 stringlengths 151 4.06k ⌀ | answer stringlengths 1 239 | __index_level_0__ int64 0 98.2k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5730a314069b5314008321ec | Imperialism | According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promisc... | Which regions have temperate climates? | {
"answer_start": [
134,
134,
134,
158,
134
],
"text": [
"Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic",
"Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic",
"Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic",
"Mid-Atlantic",
"Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic"
]
} | Which regions have temperate climates? | [
-0.04811101779341698,
0.02929682470858097,
0.33605262637138367,
0.11598605662584305,
0.13337238132953644,
0.0796901136636734,
0.37747058272361755,
0.3403322994709015,
-0.3637962341308594,
-0.20514483749866486,
-0.4340561628341675,
-0.43022871017456055,
-0.10527178645133972,
0.1664880961179... | Southern California is divided culturally, politically, and economically into distinctive regions, each containing its own culture and atmosphere, anchored usually by a city with both national and sometimes global recognition, which are often the hub of economic activity for its respective region and being home to many... | Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In th... | In Asia, various Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates controlled the Asian sphere. In Japan, the Edo period from 1600 to 1868 is also referred to as the early modern period. And in Korea, from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period. In the Americas... | Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic | 97,515 |
5730a314069b5314008321ed | Imperialism | According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promisc... | What did the the Europeans think the peoples in the tropics were in need of? | {
"answer_start": [
424,
424,
424,
424,
424
],
"text": [
"guidance",
"guidance and intervention",
"guidance and intervention",
"guidance and intervention",
"guidance"
]
} | What did the the [MASK] think the peoples in the tropics were in need of? | [
0.17027461528778076,
0.1444370299577713,
-0.2155528962612152,
0.24005408585071564,
0.2180366963148117,
0.38510629534721375,
0.1253708004951477,
0.17042043805122375,
-0.323384165763855,
-0.09046027809381485,
-0.16469912230968475,
0.19885867834091187,
-0.2284592092037201,
-0.0885088667273521... | Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time was both an inspiration for and a central aspect of early anal... | Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In th... | Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese ... | guidance | 97,516 |
5730a314069b5314008321ee | Imperialism | According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promisc... | What was a similar view about the Asian continent called? | {
"answer_start": [
590,
590,
590,
590,
590
],
"text": [
"orientalism",
"orientalism",
"orientalism",
"orientalism",
"orientalism"
]
} | What was a similar view about the [MASK] continent called? | [
0.04915894195437431,
-0.10542052984237671,
-0.3265451490879059,
0.1397799402475357,
-0.07462343573570251,
0.11208667606115341,
0.21902288496494293,
0.20910978317260742,
-0.18933257460594177,
-0.04542313143610954,
-0.19364437460899353,
-0.11356963962316513,
-0.09689092636108398,
0.140936553... | This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951. The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico's electorate, the U.S. Congress, and the U.S. president occurred in 1952. In addition, the rights, priv... | Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In th... | Until the period following World War I the Near East and the Middle East coexisted, but they were not always seen as distinct. Bertram Lenox Simpson, a colonial officer killed eventually in China, uses the terms together in his 1910 book, The Conflict of Color, as "the Near and Middle East." The total super-region cons... | orientalism | 97,517 |
5730a314069b5314008321ef | Imperialism | According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires, the world could be split into climatic zones. These scholars believed that Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic temperate climate produced a hard-working, moral, and upstanding human being. Alternatively, tropical climates yielded lazy attitudes, sexual promisc... | Who did the geographic scholars work for? | {
"answer_start": [
39,
39,
39,
39,
39
],
"text": [
"colonizing empires",
"colonizing empires",
"colonizing empires",
"colonizing empires",
"colonizing empires"
]
} | Who did the geographic scholars work for? | [
0.20152415335178375,
0.21233437955379486,
0.026393726468086243,
0.29270562529563904,
0.1203257367014885,
0.06364387273788452,
-0.002406182698905468,
-0.11814883351325989,
-0.1035802885890007,
-0.07834386825561523,
-0.28423795104026794,
-0.15932336449623108,
-0.008956759236752987,
-0.140892... | It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figure... | Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In th... | By 1916, when millions of Europeans were becoming casualties of imperial war in the trenches of eastern and western Europe over "the eastern question," Arnold J. Toynbee, Hegelesque historian of civilization at large, was becoming metaphysical about the Near East. Geography alone was not a sufficient explanation of the... | colonizing empires | 97,518 |
5730a40f396df91900096234 | Imperialism | Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such a... | When is the earliest Britain had an imperialist policy? | {
"answer_start": [
56,
60,
60,
60,
60
],
"text": [
"the sixteenth century",
"sixteenth century",
"sixteenth century",
"sixteenth century",
"sixteenth century"
]
} | When is the earliest [MASK] had an imperialist policy? | [
-0.1893770545721054,
0.07271844148635864,
-0.04304270073771477,
0.0606432780623436,
-0.07905905693769455,
0.12689025700092316,
-0.0013453145511448383,
0.21264123916625977,
-0.38485977053642273,
-0.014436990022659302,
0.24607457220554352,
-0.012721270322799683,
0.013225918635725975,
-0.1316... | Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal used of human social interaction. The word derives from the medieval Latin word, formed from com- and mensa, meaning "sharing a table". | The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly... | Though Britain and the empire emerged victorious from the Second World War, the effects of the conflict were profound, both at home and abroad. Much of Europe, a continent that had dominated the world for several centuries, was in ruins, and host to the armies of the United States and the Soviet Union, who now held the... | the sixteenth century | 97,519 |
5730a40f396df91900096235 | Imperialism | Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such a... | When was the British East India Company established? | {
"answer_start": [
82,
82,
82,
82,
82
],
"text": [
"1599",
"1599",
"1599",
"1599",
"1599"
]
} | When was [MASK] established? | [
0.2173875868320465,
0.06599388271570206,
-0.04684680327773094,
0.03205927088856697,
-0.05703404173254967,
0.0037946661468595266,
-0.0020976164378225803,
-0.02125861681997776,
-0.20745109021663666,
0.0301686879247427,
0.07332032173871994,
0.04059460759162903,
0.05800686404109001,
0.02220852... | Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted, mathematician Alberto Calderón, Nobel prize winning economist and classical liberalism defender Friedrich Hayek, meteorologist Ted Fujita, chemists Glenn T. Seaborg, the developer of the actinide concept and Nobel Prize winner Yuan T. Lee, Nobel Prize w... | The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly... | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | 1599 | 97,520 |
5730a40f396df91900096236 | Imperialism | Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such a... | Who chartered the British East India Company? | {
"answer_start": [
155,
155,
155,
155,
155
],
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth",
"Queen Elizabeth",
"Queen Elizabeth",
"Queen Elizabeth",
"Queen Elizabeth"
]
} | Who chartered [MASK]? | [
0.3778437376022339,
0.14487336575984955,
-0.12513864040374756,
0.37149497866630554,
0.27921855449676514,
0.00006672743620583788,
-0.22149820625782013,
-0.11986827850341797,
-0.25763484835624695,
0.21213431656360626,
0.15104176104068756,
0.12176696956157684,
-0.0502314418554306,
-0.08830385... | Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century, via the mixing of metals with acids. In 1766–81, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, a property which later gave it its name: in Greek, hydrogen means "water... | The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly... | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | Queen Elizabeth | 97,521 |
5730a40f396df91900096237 | Imperialism | Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such a... | What happened to the East India Trading Company in 1767? | {
"answer_start": [
418,
392,
392,
418,
418
],
"text": [
"exploitation",
"political activity caused exploitation",
"political activity caused exploitation",
"exploitation",
"exploitation"
]
} | What happened to [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
0.14459209144115448,
0.2225867062807083,
-0.0009619569173082709,
0.2556318938732147,
0.2606191635131836,
-0.010936661623418331,
0.29201585054397583,
-0.1349949985742569,
-0.10406997799873352,
-0.01431677769869566,
-0.21787132322788239,
-0.10923820734024048,
-0.004836495500057936,
0.0765516... | Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater par... | The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly... | By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, fi... | exploitation | 97,522 |
5730a40f396df91900096238 | Imperialism | Britain's imperialist ambitions can be seen as early as the sixteenth century. In 1599 the British East India Company was established and was chartered by Queen Elizabeth in the following year. With the establishment of trading posts in India, the British were able to maintain strength relative to others empires such a... | Which country had trading posts in India before Britain? | {
"answer_start": [
322,
326,
326,
326,
326
],
"text": [
"the Portuguese",
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
]
} | Which country had trading posts in [MASK] before [MASK]? | [
0.13492457568645477,
-0.009414929896593094,
-0.02572994865477085,
0.27000609040260315,
0.1842336505651474,
0.2944149672985077,
-0.2156505435705185,
0.4252588748931885,
-0.19324709475040436,
-0.0016561957309022546,
0.0005582597223110497,
-0.2017812728881836,
-0.1574110984802246,
0.030827205... | Warsaw lies in east-central Poland about 300 km (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains and about 260 km (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea, 523 km (325 mi) east of Berlin, Germany. The city straddles the Vistula River. It is located in the heartland of the Masovian Plain, and its average elevation is 100 metres (330 ft) abov... | The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly... | Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoma... | the Portuguese | 97,523 |
5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29 | Imperialism | France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supporti... | When did France take control of Algeria? | {
"answer_start": [
34,
34,
34,
34,
34
],
"text": [
"1830",
"1830",
"1830",
"1830",
"1830"
]
} | When did [MASK] take control of [MASK]? | [
-0.08157500624656677,
0.012450158596038818,
-0.012019950896501541,
0.18399325013160706,
0.059161774814128876,
0.04260147362947464,
-0.1055503562092781,
-0.057815659791231155,
-0.06462429463863373,
0.22541506588459015,
0.005105939228087664,
0.03879140317440033,
-0.08325746655464172,
0.12662... | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | The period between 1815 and 1871 saw a large number of revolutionary attempts and independence wars. Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire. Italy unified into a nation state. The capture of Rome in 1870 ended the Papal temporal power. Rivalry in a scramble for empires spread in what is kno... | 1830 | 97,524 |
5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a | Imperialism | France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supporti... | When did France begin in earnest to rebuild its global empire? | {
"answer_start": [
98,
92,
92,
92,
98
],
"text": [
"1850",
"after 1850",
"after 1850",
"after 1850",
"1850"
]
} | When did [MASK] begin in earnest to rebuild its global empire? | [
0.011952849105000496,
0.06074690818786621,
0.06922338157892227,
0.15738432109355927,
0.08191164582967758,
0.10339030623435974,
0.08984502404928207,
0.13432730734348297,
-0.25757896900177,
-0.03446603938937187,
0.01214643009006977,
0.08163493126630783,
0.053342245519161224,
0.15061609447002... | Significant legislative changes in the status of the szlachta, as defined by Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, consist of its 1374 exemption from the land tax, a 1425 guarantee against the 'arbitrary arrests and/or seizure of property' of its members, a 1454 requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | Following the defeat of the German empire in World War I and the abdication of the German Emperor, some revolutionary insurgents declared Alsace-Lorraine as an independent Republic, without preliminary referendum or vote. On 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), communist insurgents proclaimed a "soviet government" in Stra... | 1850 | 97,525 |
5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d | Imperialism | France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supporti... | What religion did the French spread along with their imperialism? | {
"answer_start": [
609,
609,
609,
609,
609
],
"text": [
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism",
"Catholicism"
]
} | What religion did the [MASK] spread along with their imperialism? | [
0.1490531712770462,
0.16749899089336395,
-0.2798895239830017,
0.057292211800813675,
-0.052731119096279144,
0.016645660623908043,
0.2841757535934448,
0.22579149901866913,
-0.04447658360004425,
-0.1545606255531311,
-0.01894504576921463,
-0.19360658526420593,
-0.010803483426570892,
0.36273539... | The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may cho... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century and French Revolution in the 18th successively destroyed much of what existed in the way of the architectural and artistic remnant of this Norman creativity. The former, with their violence, caused the wanton destruction of many Norman edifices; the latter, with its assau... | Catholicism | 97,526 |
5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b | Imperialism | France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supporti... | Where did France focus its efforts to rebuild its empire? | {
"answer_start": [
144,
129,
129,
129,
129
],
"text": [
"Africa",
"North and West Africa",
"North and West Africa",
"North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific",
"North and West Africa, a... | Where did [MASK] focus its efforts to rebuild its empire? | [
-0.24366667866706848,
-0.003603084944188595,
-0.1974433809518814,
0.25712791085243225,
0.08119270950555801,
0.25387313961982727,
0.06420144438743591,
-0.015583239495754242,
-0.309817373752594,
-0.061099451035261154,
-0.017786098644137383,
-0.12263298034667969,
0.13025720417499542,
0.033702... | On 16 March 1938, Barcelona came under aerial bombardment from the Italian Air Force, causing more than 3,000 deaths, with one of the bombs hitting the club's offices. A few months later, Catalonia came under occupation and as a symbol of the "undisciplined" Catalanism, the club, now down to just 3,486 members, faced a... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | Africa | 97,527 |
5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c | Imperialism | France took control of Algeria in 1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850, concentrating chiefly in North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia, with other conquests in Central and East Africa, as well as the South Pacific. Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supporti... | When did French Republicans back building the French empire? | {
"answer_start": [
323,
328,
323,
323,
323
],
"text": [
"when Germany started to build her own",
"Germany started to build her own colonial empire",
"when Germany started to build her own colonial empire",
"when Germany started to build her own colonial empire",
"when Germ... | When did [MASK] [MASK] back building the [MASK] empire? | [
-0.008842594921588898,
0.2275894433259964,
-0.028288986533880234,
0.25963571667671204,
0.18519793450832367,
0.2146073281764984,
-0.2415095418691635,
-0.19567185640335083,
-0.2766960859298706,
-0.056880876421928406,
0.29163068532943726,
-0.03594227880239487,
-0.21743378043174744,
0.20119145... | Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepared cheat sheets for s... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrast... | when Germany started to build her own | 97,528 |
5730a951069b531400832213 | Imperialism | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | Jules Ferry thought that the "higher races" have a duty to what? | {
"answer_start": [
290,
290,
290,
287,
290
],
"text": [
"civilize the inferior",
"civilize the inferior",
"civilize the inferior",
"to civilize the inferior",
"civilize"
]
} | [MASK] thought that the" higher races" have a duty to what? | [
0.3784825801849365,
-0.021642327308654785,
-0.2382573038339615,
0.4381048381328583,
-0.20773150026798248,
-0.033983197063207626,
0.20681190490722656,
-0.028653599321842194,
-0.048219457268714905,
0.09583494812250137,
-0.026555681601166725,
0.13875392079353333,
-0.4673621952533722,
-0.03578... | Maintaining continuity with his predecessors, John XXIII continued the gradual reform of the Roman liturgy, and published changes that resulted in the 1962 Roman Missal, the last typical edition containing the Tridentine Mass established in 1570 by Pope Pius V at the request of the Council of Trent and whose continued ... | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourg... | civilize the inferior | 97,529 |
5730a951069b531400832214 | Imperialism | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | What did France offer that was rare by imperial standards? | {
"answer_start": [
342,
314,
342,
342,
314
],
"text": [
"assimilation",
"Full citizenship rights",
"assimilation",
"assimilation",
"Full citizenship rights"
]
} | What did [MASK] offer that was rare by imperial standards? | [
-0.07091362774372101,
0.3346097469329834,
-0.5930771231651306,
0.23732489347457886,
-0.0991617813706398,
0.08739833533763885,
-0.07625013589859009,
0.2582872211933136,
0.020991943776607513,
-0.005422133486717939,
-0.0402296781539917,
0.08424333482980728,
0.119633249938488,
0.09479834884405... | With the decline of Herodians, Judea, transformed into a Roman province, became the site of a violent struggle of Jews against Greco-Romans, culminating in the Jewish-Roman Wars, ending in wide-scale destruction, expulsions, and genocide. Jewish presence in the region significantly dwindled after the failure of the Bar... | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | Napoleon had a civil marriage with Joséphine de Beauharnais, without religious ceremony. During the campaign in Egypt, Napoleon showed much tolerance towards religion for a revolutionary general, holding discussions with Muslim scholars and ordering religious celebrations, but General Dupuy, who accompanied Napoleon, r... | assimilation | 97,530 |
5730a951069b531400832215 | Imperialism | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | How did france differ from Britain in managing its colonies? | {
"answer_start": [
479,
474,
474,
474,
479
],
"text": [
"small numbers of settlers",
"sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies",
"sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies,",
"sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies",
"small numbers of settlers"
]
} | How did [MASK] differ from [MASK] in managing its [MASK]? | [
0.034976303577423096,
0.09855704754590988,
-0.2133675217628479,
0.3429080545902252,
0.019074752926826477,
0.07678612321615219,
0.07589530944824219,
-0.0902429074048996,
-0.04324822872877121,
0.04647475481033325,
0.18612314760684967,
0.1870092749595642,
-0.06976676732301712,
0.1087559536099... | The CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki-86 was the... | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's "imperial century" by some historians, around 10,000,000 square miles (26,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in c... | small numbers of settlers | 97,531 |
5730a951069b531400832216 | Imperialism | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | The French thought bringing what would uplift other regions? | {
"answer_start": [
85,
85,
85,
85
],
"text": [
"Christianity and French culture",
"Christianity",
"Christianity and French culture",
"Christianity and French culture"
]
} | The [MASK] thought bringing what would uplift other regions? | [
-0.11267239600419998,
-0.1338130235671997,
0.3039221167564392,
0.13326318562030792,
-0.0447334386408329,
0.48488542437553406,
0.0899929404258728,
-0.025082828477025032,
-0.30452871322631836,
-0.32481420040130615,
-0.15796613693237305,
-0.07577440142631531,
-0.015485820360481739,
0.29500249... | In addition to the sharing of household chores, certain cultures expect adolescents to share in their family's financial responsibilities. According to family economic and financial education specialists, adolescents develop sound money management skills through the practices of saving and spending money, as well as th... | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1... | Christianity and French culture | 97,532 |
5730a951069b531400832217 | Imperialism | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | Where did the French send a large number of settlers? | {
"answer_start": [
557,
557,
557,
557
],
"text": [
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Algeria"
]
} | Where did the [MASK] send a large number of settlers? | [
0.1497381031513214,
0.031171808019280434,
-0.004092834424227476,
0.18527938425540924,
0.15483970940113068,
0.5881077647209167,
0.019432296976447105,
0.02256527543067932,
-0.3148916959762573,
-0.15321272611618042,
-0.14905224740505219,
-0.326717734336853,
-0.08310585469007492,
0.06482996791... | Longer works are often divided into self-contained pieces, called movements, often with contrasting characters or moods. For instance, symphonies written during the Classical period are usually divided into four movements: (1) an opening Allegro in sonata form, (2) a slow movement, (3) a minuet or scherzo, and (4) a fi... | The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples ... | After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entir... | Algeria | 97,533 |
5730aa52069b53140083221d | Imperialism | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | Where did Charles de Gaulle and the Free French run operations during World War 2? | {
"answer_start": [
64,
64,
64,
64,
64
],
"text": [
"overseas colonies",
"overseas colonies",
"overseas colonies",
"overseas colonies",
"overseas colonies"
]
} | Where did [MASK] and the Free French run operations during [MASK]? | [
0.31352224946022034,
0.0351327620446682,
-0.3550293445587158,
0.21013087034225464,
0.12999141216278076,
-0.027746066451072693,
-0.06495116651058197,
-0.050081975758075714,
-0.09544268995523453,
-0.0845925435423851,
-0.13275040686130524,
0.08262842148542404,
-0.1671651154756546,
-0.06199847... | The Buddha's death is seen as an illusion, he is living on in other planes of existence, and monks are therefore permitted to offer "new truths" based on his input. Mahayana also differs from Theravada in its concept of śūnyatā (that ultimately nothing has existence), and in its belief in bodhisattvas (enlightened peop... | On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck ag... | But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus affair in the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian revolution, and the economic turmoil of the Great Depression. B... | overseas colonies | 97,534 |
5730aa52069b53140083221e | Imperialism | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | After 1945, what challenged the French empire? | {
"answer_start": [
153,
153,
153,
153,
153
],
"text": [
"anti-colonial movements",
"anti-colonial movements",
"anti-colonial movements",
"anti-colonial movements",
"anti-colonial movements"
]
} | After [MASK], what challenged the [MASK] empire? | [
-0.21548794209957123,
0.10518738627433777,
-0.02806609310209751,
0.3985860049724579,
-0.13741877675056458,
0.01517519075423479,
-0.024668963626027107,
-0.23253397643566132,
-0.17000025510787964,
0.06020248308777809,
-0.05508324131369591,
0.2502259612083435,
-0.014388767071068287,
0.1135343... | According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani,... | On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck ag... | When the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 September, the new government calli... | anti-colonial movements | 97,535 |
5730aa52069b53140083221f | Imperialism | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | Where did France lose a war in the 1950's? | {
"answer_start": [
247,
247,
247,
247,
247
],
"text": [
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam",
"Vietnam"
]
} | Where did [MASK] lose a war in [MASK]? | [
-0.14756937325000763,
-0.11896270513534546,
0.07569850236177444,
0.38478541374206543,
0.002453581662848592,
0.29160958528518677,
0.07324422895908356,
-0.07069353014230728,
-0.2028881460428238,
-0.12639832496643066,
-0.28158748149871826,
-0.16647577285766602,
0.19092771410942078,
0.07564765... | The Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, including Cyprus ... | On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck ag... | During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions. | Vietnam | 97,536 |
5730aa52069b531400832220 | Imperialism | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | Where did France win a war in the 1950's | {
"answer_start": [
297,
297,
297,
297,
297
],
"text": [
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Algeria",
"Algeria"
]
} | Where did [MASK] win a war in [MASK] | [
-0.15179379284381866,
-0.1165056824684143,
0.018483076244592667,
0.3520236313343048,
0.015999315306544304,
0.2293807417154312,
0.10549766570329666,
0.05824415758252144,
-0.24464350938796997,
-0.12299516797065735,
-0.10839561372995377,
-0.13084697723388672,
0.1883508563041687,
0.11265511810... | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck ag... | France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations. One consisted of Sephardic Jews, orig... | Algeria | 97,537 |
5730aa52069b531400832221 | Imperialism | In World War II, Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France. However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire. France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s. Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French lea... | By when did most of France's Colonies gain independence? | {
"answer_start": [
525,
525,
525,
525,
525
],
"text": [
"1960",
"1960",
"1960",
"1960",
"1960"
]
} | By when did most of [MASK] 's [MASK] gain independence? | [
-0.0785709023475647,
-0.15032628178596497,
0.0096670463681221,
0.19937759637832642,
0.13097047805786133,
0.08790740370750427,
0.021507449448108673,
-0.1418401449918747,
-0.5230943560600281,
0.20873410999774933,
-0.21514366567134857,
0.010587627999484539,
-0.062426429241895676,
0.0642494410... | Copyright infringement is reproducing, distributing, displaying or performing a work, or to make derivative works, without permission from the copyright holder, which is typically a publisher or other business representing or assigned by the work's creator. It is often called "piracy". While copyright is created the in... | On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck ag... | Hoping to extend the Continental System, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support. The Peninsular War lasted six years, noted for its brutal guerrilla warfare, and culminated in an Allied victory. Fighting also erupte... | 1960 | 97,538 |
5730ab63396df91900096260 | Imperialism | From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. Ho... | Where were the Germanic tribes originally located? | {
"answer_start": [
33,
33,
33,
33,
33
],
"text": [
"Scandinavia",
"Scandinavia and northern Europe",
"Scandinavia and northern Europe",
"Scandinavia and northern Europe",
"Scandinavia and northern Europe,"
]
} | Where were the [MASK] tribes originally located? | [
0.32554730772972107,
0.25964754819869995,
-0.43151408433914185,
0.1181565374135971,
0.279053270816803,
0.35004934668540955,
0.36190468072891235,
0.09870312362909317,
-0.24956482648849487,
-0.1999574452638626,
0.12366361171007156,
-0.08371872454881668,
-0.049284983426332474,
0.0106112780049... | Imported mystery religions, which offered initiates salvation in the afterlife, were a matter of personal choice for an individual, practiced in addition to carrying on one's family rites and participating in public religion. The mysteries, however, involved exclusive oaths and secrecy, conditions that conservative Rom... | No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artis... | By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts... | Scandinavia | 97,539 |
5730ab63396df91900096263 | Imperialism | From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. Ho... | What was the only region in Europe not conquered by the Germanic tribes? | {
"answer_start": [
738,
738,
738,
738,
738
],
"text": [
"Muslim Iberia",
"Muslim Iberia",
"Muslim Iberia",
"Muslim Iberia",
"Muslim Iberia"
]
} | What was the only region in [MASK] not conquered by the [MASK] tribes? | [
-0.1854664832353592,
-0.17029334604740143,
-0.400591105222702,
0.28418198227882385,
0.13481564819812775,
0.17721334099769592,
0.3790281414985657,
0.2745901346206665,
-0.1432046741247177,
-0.027591167017817497,
-0.1623527854681015,
-0.22601597011089325,
-0.1212596744298935,
0.01917149871587... | There are two levels of service provided — a free service to civilians and licensed service to the Chinese government and military. The free civilian service has a 10-meter location-tracking accuracy, synchronizes clocks with an accuracy of 10 nanoseconds, and measures speeds to within 0.2 m/s. The restricted military ... | No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artis... | In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracen... | Muslim Iberia | 97,540 |
5730ab63396df91900096261 | Imperialism | From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. Ho... | When did the Germanic tribes claim territory in north and west Europe? | {
"answer_start": [
137,
133,
133,
133,
137
],
"text": [
"middle period of classical antiquity",
"the middle period of classical antiquity",
"the middle period of classical antiquity",
"the middle period of classical antiquity",
"middle period of classical antiquity"
]
} | When did the [MASK] tribes claim territory in north and west [MASK]? | [
0.167225643992424,
0.22289416193962097,
-0.14656193554401398,
0.13456298410892487,
0.2379603087902069,
0.09767801314592361,
0.183690145611763,
-0.014730026014149189,
0.011044248007237911,
-0.13342753052711487,
0.0748588889837265,
-0.0040961881168186665,
0.015675166621804237,
0.166842475533... | Along with the rest of South West England, Somerset has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country. The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperat... | No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artis... | In about 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracen... | middle period of classical antiquity | 97,541 |
5730ab63396df91900096262 | Imperialism | From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. Ho... | By when did the Germanic tribes conquer the Celtic peoples? | {
"answer_start": [
254,
191,
194,
194,
251
],
"text": [
"800 CE",
"in late antiquity",
"late antiquity",
"late antiquity",
"by 800 CE"
]
} | By when did the [MASK] tribes conquer the [MASK] peoples? | [
-0.08109871298074722,
0.297250896692276,
-0.22081302106380463,
0.08685798197984695,
0.1730717420578003,
0.27945640683174133,
0.3508714437484741,
0.04433201998472214,
-0.13753806054592133,
-0.1476474404335022,
-0.011204223148524761,
0.07756603509187698,
-0.01246116403490305,
0.1476074755191... | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artis... | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks o... | 800 CE | 97,542 |
5730ab63396df91900096264 | Imperialism | From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire. Ho... | Germany referred to which area more so than an actual country? | {
"answer_start": [
906,
888,
885,
906,
888
],
"text": [
"central Europe",
"amorphous area of central Europe",
"an amorphous area of central Europe",
"central Europe",
"amorphous area of central Europe."
]
} | [MASK] referred to which area more so than an actual country? | [
0.16846562922000885,
-0.31210535764694214,
0.007481019012629986,
0.16348423063755035,
0.10762063413858414,
0.099482461810112,
0.16527032852172852,
0.18381334841251373,
-0.34695181250572205,
0.1502360701560974,
-0.25188344717025757,
-0.23895427584648132,
-0.028658472001552582,
-0.0057664662... | Other local colleges and universities include Concordia University Ann Arbor, a Lutheran liberal-arts institution; a campus of the University of Phoenix; and Cleary University, a private business school. Washtenaw Community College is located in neighboring Ann Arbor Township. In 2000, the Ave Maria School of Law, a Ro... | No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artis... | By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts... | central Europe | 97,543 |
5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73 | Imperialism | Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further expl... | Germany doesn't have an imperialistic past until when? | {
"answer_start": [
149,
149,
154,
149,
149
],
"text": [
"late 19th century",
"late 19th century",
"19th century",
"late 19th century",
"late 19th century."
]
} | [MASK] does n't have an imperialistic past until when? | [
0.04980764910578728,
-0.0025755565147846937,
0.03628174215555191,
0.22668986022472382,
0.13338088989257812,
-0.0586278960108757,
-0.1372198462486267,
0.18300512433052063,
-0.31232213973999023,
-0.02339605800807476,
0.0539429746568203,
-0.2958121597766876,
-0.06266292184591293,
0.1207600459... | The predominant religion is southern Europe is Christianity. Christianity spread throughout Southern Europe during the Roman Empire, and Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire in the year 380 AD. Due to the historical break of the Christian Church into the western half based in Rome and t... | Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Brit... | France started the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), and was defeated by the Kingdom of Prussia and other German states. The end of the war led to the unification of Germany. Otto von Bismarck annexed Alsace and northern Lorraine to the new German Empire in 1871; unlike other members states of the German federation, which... | late 19th century | 97,544 |
5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74 | Imperialism | Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further expl... | When was Otto von Bismarck born? | {
"answer_start": [
712,
712,
712,
712,
712
],
"text": [
"1862",
"1862",
"1862",
"1862",
"1862"
]
} | When was [MASK] born? | [
0.015196277759969234,
0.029293065890669823,
-0.002456465270370245,
0.21643570065498352,
0.1761319488286972,
0.3747348189353943,
0.11066780239343643,
-0.031636156141757965,
-0.0593518503010273,
0.16746151447296143,
0.03924230858683586,
-0.106625996530056,
0.011241807602345943,
0.14756046235... | Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as diale... | Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Brit... | In the attempt to satisfy Austria at the time, Britain gave their electoral vote in Hanover for the candidacy of Maria Theresa's son, Joseph, as the Holy Roman Emperor, much to the dismay of Frederick and Prussia. Not only that, Britain would soon join the Austro-Russian alliance, but complications arose. Britain's bas... | 1862 | 97,545 |
5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75 | Imperialism | Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further expl... | When was the the second German empire founded? | {
"answer_start": [
638,
638,
638,
638,
638
],
"text": [
"after the Franco-German War",
"after the Franco-German War",
"after the Franco-German War",
"after the Franco-German War",
"after the Franco-German War,"
]
} | When was the the [MASK] [MASK] empire founded? | [
-0.09475189447402954,
0.30614444613456726,
-0.06312327831983566,
0.2042372226715088,
0.02538526989519596,
0.09431254863739014,
-0.16919004917144775,
0.16547363996505737,
-0.27515292167663574,
0.06320855766534805,
0.12625738978385925,
-0.1817893534898758,
-0.13976162672042847,
0.26375126838... | Puberty occurs through a long process and begins with a surge in hormone production, which in turn causes a number of physical changes. It is the stage of life characterized by the appearance and development of secondary sex characteristics (for example, a deeper voice and larger adam's apple in boys, and development o... | Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Brit... | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | after the Franco-German War | 97,546 |
5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77 | Imperialism | Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further expl... | Who caused the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
356,
356,
342,
356,
346
],
"text": [
"Napoleon",
"Napoleon",
"the defeat of Napoleon",
"Napoleon",
"defeat of Napoleon"
]
} | Who caused the dissolution of [MASK]? | [
-0.22108367085456848,
0.1454402059316635,
-0.009572126902639866,
-0.10414757579565048,
0.0021232839208096266,
-0.10975604504346848,
0.2858714759349823,
-0.3244045674800873,
-0.4379100203514099,
0.22793608903884888,
-0.35403165221214294,
-0.07184623181819916,
-0.2565494179725647,
0.22168959... | The MoD has been criticised for an ongoing fiasco, having spent £240m on eight Chinook HC3 helicopters which only started to enter service in 2010, years after they were ordered in 1995 and delivered in 2001. A National Audit Office report reveals that the helicopters have been stored in air conditioned hangars in Brit... | Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Brit... | In 1756 Austria was making military preparations for war with Prussia and pursuing an alliance with Russia for this purpose. On June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire. They also agreed to a secret clause... | Napoleon | 97,547 |
5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76 | Imperialism | Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further expl... | What was Germany's central interest? | {
"answer_start": [
1092,
1092,
1092,
1092,
1092
],
"text": [
"Europe",
"Europe",
"Europe",
"Europe",
"Europe itself."
]
} | What was [MASK] 's central interest? | [
-0.08403070271015167,
-0.01611151173710823,
-0.22734713554382324,
0.3811979591846466,
0.012470330111682415,
0.1597103625535965,
-0.1063438430428505,
0.19922074675559998,
-0.05732206255197525,
0.20798970758914948,
-0.08847995847463608,
0.009833196178078651,
-0.040687818080186844,
0.37160280... | Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961: two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were t... | Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army ... | Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoma... | Europe | 97,548 |
5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682 | Imperialism | However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons o... | Besides Africa, where did Germany have imperial interests? | {
"answer_start": [
75,
79,
79,
79,
79
],
"text": [
"the South Pacific",
"South Pacific",
"South Pacific",
"South Pacific",
"South Pacific"
]
} | Besides [MASK], where did [MASK] have imperial interests? | [
-0.10549039393663406,
0.09613721817731857,
-0.14155061542987823,
0.411080539226532,
0.054790325462818146,
0.0783439576625824,
-0.32755744457244873,
0.2168951779603958,
-0.2865883708000183,
-0.05086701735854149,
0.03911995515227318,
-0.051124315708875656,
0.04220718890428543,
0.036037046462... | Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There are now three hydroelectricity plants... | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, ... | the South Pacific | 97,549 |
5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683 | Imperialism | However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons o... | Colonies were a sign of what amongst European countries? | {
"answer_start": [
329,
329,
329,
329
],
"text": [
"prestige",
"prestige",
"prestige",
"prestige"
]
} | Colonies were a sign of what amongst [MASK] countries? | [
0.46620455384254456,
-0.10967138409614563,
0.00012775743380188942,
0.06201779842376709,
0.10059192031621933,
0.027322208508849144,
0.14800333976745605,
0.14328612387180328,
-0.37166622281074524,
-0.1633092164993286,
0.008808122016489506,
-0.30671995878219604,
-0.18186026811599731,
0.318560... | The mosaics of the Church of St Stephen in ancient Kastron Mefaa (now Umm ar-Rasas) were made in 785 (discovered after 1986). The perfectly preserved mosaic floor is the largest one in Jordan. On the central panel hunting and fishing scenes are depicted while another panel illustrates the most important cities of the r... | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | In Britain's "imperial century", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside... | prestige | 97,550 |
5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685 | Imperialism | However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons o... | When did Germany found their first settlement? | {
"answer_start": [
526,
526,
526,
526,
526
],
"text": [
"1884",
"1884",
"1884",
"1884",
"1884"
]
} | When did [MASK] found their [MASK] settlement? | [
0.03380119800567627,
0.2567293643951416,
0.13868384063243866,
0.030752727761864662,
0.434664785861969,
0.3869525194168091,
0.22454741597175598,
-0.06982362270355225,
-0.06312746554613113,
-0.18296264111995697,
-0.17154015600681305,
-0.22011148929595947,
0.22992049157619476,
0.0331013388931... | The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give cit... | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World... | After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han... | 1884 | 97,551 |
5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684 | Imperialism | However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons o... | What was the name of the first German settlement? | {
"answer_start": [
512,
505,
505,
505,
505
],
"text": [
"New Guinea",
"German New Guinea",
"German New Guinea",
"German New Guinea",
"German New Guinea"
]
} | What was the name of the [MASK] [MASK] settlement? | [
-0.019045354798436165,
-0.01533155795186758,
0.0018820399418473244,
0.07937581837177277,
0.16910625994205475,
0.42568227648735046,
0.1765742301940918,
0.11444558948278427,
-0.1358022689819336,
-0.009780675172805786,
-0.4579178988933563,
-0.3963373303413391,
-0.008079060353338718,
0.2658027... | The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk... | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new econ... | New Guinea | 97,552 |
5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686 | Imperialism | However, in 1883–84 Germany began to build a colonial empire in Africa and the South Pacific, before losing interest in imperialism. Historians have debated exactly why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.[verification needed] Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons o... | Who influenced Bismark besides his neighbors? | {
"answer_start": [
360,
360,
360,
360
],
"text": [
"Hamburg merchants and traders",
"Hamburg merchants and traders",
"Hamburg merchants and traders",
"Hamburg merchants and traders"
]
} | Who influenced [MASK] besides his neighbors? | [
0.2704407572746277,
0.0004113898321520537,
-0.21412239968776703,
0.15898652374744415,
0.12346874922513962,
0.28262490034103394,
0.23868247866630554,
-0.3207806348800659,
0.0035214212257415056,
-0.25735291838645935,
0.087980717420578,
-0.021019738167524338,
-0.12943728268146515,
-0.11794176... | In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the... | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | The next phase of the campaign featured the French invasion of the Habsburg heartlands. French forces in Southern Germany had been defeated by the Archduke Charles in 1796, but the Archduke withdrew his forces to protect Vienna after learning about Napoleon's assault. In the first notable encounter between the two comm... | Hamburg merchants and traders | 97,553 |
5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4 | Imperialism | During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marsha... | What happened as a result of the Russo-Japanese War? | {
"answer_start": [
114,
114,
114,
114,
114
],
"text": [
"Japan took part of Sakhalin Island",
"Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia",
"Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia",
"Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia",
"Japan took part of Sakhalin ... | What happened as a result of [MASK]? | [
0.403936505317688,
0.06472234427928925,
-0.24992458522319794,
0.12101534008979797,
-0.04558241739869118,
0.1543852984905243,
0.40374767780303955,
-0.23197726905345917,
-0.09631858766078949,
0.11177544295787811,
-0.12930981814861298,
-0.1682075560092926,
-0.14081591367721558,
0.218592479825... | Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 m... | With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in t... | With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans d... | Japan took part of Sakhalin Island | 97,554 |
5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6 | Imperialism | During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marsha... | Which country did Japan force into an alliance? | {
"answer_start": [
821,
821,
821,
821,
821
],
"text": [
"Thailand",
"Thailand",
"Thailand",
"Thailand",
"Thailand"
]
} | Which country did [MASK] force into an alliance? | [
-0.2468520700931549,
-0.2479977011680603,
0.1331392526626587,
0.18840321898460388,
0.1400180160999298,
0.1874459981918335,
0.0016034351428970695,
-0.055864136666059494,
-0.016188092529773712,
-0.03722225874662399,
-0.02220643125474453,
0.05398719385266304,
-0.22061626613140106,
-0.02202833... | Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taugh... | With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in t... | The Western powers, largely unsatisfied with the Treaty of Nanjing, gave grudging support to the Qing government during the Taiping and Nian Rebellions. China's income fell sharply during the wars as vast areas of farmland were destroyed, millions of lives were lost, and countless armies were raised and equipped to fig... | Thailand | 97,556 |
5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5 | Imperialism | During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marsha... | Which area of China did Japan conquer in 1931? | {
"answer_start": [
484,
484,
484,
484,
484
],
"text": [
"Manchuria",
"Manchuria",
"Manchuria",
"Manchuria",
"Manchuria"
]
} | Which area of [MASK] did [MASK] conquer in [MASK]? | [
-0.15003791451454163,
-0.026171404868364334,
-0.019079018384218216,
0.2670608460903168,
0.2912179231643677,
0.16757090389728546,
0.06170028820633888,
-0.05058371275663376,
-0.1979539394378662,
0.01890433207154274,
-0.1476972997188568,
-0.16262157261371613,
0.041433900594711304,
-0.00360646... | In 2014, Turkey was ordered by the European Court of Human Rights to pay well over $100m in compensation to Cyprus for the invasion; Ankara announced that it would ignore the judgment. In 2014, a group of Cypriot refugees and a European parliamentarian, later joined by the Cypriot government, filed a complaint to the I... | With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in t... | Contrary to popular belief, Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire. At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan. The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227. Under Genghis's successor ... | Manchuria | 97,557 |
5730b255396df919000962b0 | Imperialism | Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization... | Who along with Russia supported post WW-II communist movements? | {
"answer_start": [
732,
711,
707,
711,
711
],
"text": [
"China",
"People’s Republic of China",
"the People’s Republic of China",
"People’s Republic of China",
"People’s Republic of China"
]
} | Who along with [MASK] supported post [MASK] communist movements? | [
0.20385247468948364,
-0.09771494567394257,
-0.0812315046787262,
0.2921948730945587,
-0.2246275246143341,
0.11519893258810043,
-0.1544903665781021,
-0.05961395055055618,
-0.008042247034609318,
0.20959103107452393,
-0.2001725137233734,
-0.07064539194107056,
-0.19874170422554016,
0.2217721343... | The Holocaust (which roughly means "burnt whole") was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted" during World War II by the Nazi regime in Germany. Several differing views exist regarding whether it was intended to occur from the war's beginning, or if the plans for it came about late... | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | The Tito-Stalin split had large ramifications for countries outside the USSR and Yugoslavia. It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Slánský trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed. Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to con... | China | 97,558 |
5730b255396df919000962b1 | Imperialism | Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization... | When was the Russian Policy "Indigenization" defunded? | {
"answer_start": [
496,
496,
496,
496,
496
],
"text": [
"1932",
"1932",
"1932",
"1932",
"1932"
]
} | When was the Russian Policy "Indigenization" defunded? | [
-0.10600601136684418,
-0.1406586766242981,
-0.3038216531276703,
0.056964028626680374,
-0.07486525177955627,
0.3268100619316101,
0.1934167891740799,
-0.26555994153022766,
-0.08767757564783096,
0.012649514712393284,
-0.3764094412326813,
-0.15619921684265137,
-0.3036385774612427,
0.4501939713... | Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda. An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites his or her own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and swing voters. Despite the minority lead... | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | 1932 | 97,559 |
5730b255396df919000962b2 | Imperialism | Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization... | Who asserted Russia's right to "self-determination?" | {
"answer_start": [
153,
153,
153,
153,
153
],
"text": [
"Lenin",
"Lenin",
"Lenin",
"Lenin",
"Lenin"
]
} | Who asserted [MASK] 's right to" self- determination?" | [
-0.09703994542360306,
-0.009924566373229027,
-0.42124149203300476,
0.2737952768802643,
0.11285529285669327,
0.2839370369911194,
0.21711112558841705,
-0.43238893151283264,
-0.0330166295170784,
-0.0319790244102478,
0.02652248553931713,
0.2692663073539734,
-0.2524068057537079,
0.0386411547660... | In the Age of Reason philosophical tracts and speculations on history and human nature integrated literature with social and political developments. The inevitable reaction was the explosion of Romanticism in the later 18th century which reclaimed the imaginative and fantastical bias of old romances and folk-literature... | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through an era of stagnation. Even after he died in 1982, the era didn’t end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power and introduced liberal reforms in So... | Lenin | 97,560 |
5730b255396df919000962b3 | Imperialism | Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization... | After WW-II where did Russia apply its old Tsarist regimes? | {
"answer_start": [
670,
670,
638,
604,
670
],
"text": [
"Eastern Europe",
"Eastern Europe",
"in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe",
"1919–20",
"Eastern Europe"
]
} | After [MASK] where did [MASK] apply its old [MASK] regimes? | [
0.18145298957824707,
-0.11484573781490326,
0.09369424730539322,
0.2431035041809082,
-0.024814417585730553,
-0.26089033484458923,
0.12513436377048492,
-0.1943988800048828,
-0.1566961258649826,
-0.03535483032464981,
-0.1384037435054779,
0.17238041758537292,
-0.1546289324760437,
0.02121985889... | Private schools, also known as independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments; thus, they retain the right to select their students and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition, rather than relying on mandatory taxation t... | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | Eastern Europe | 97,561 |
5730b255396df919000962b4 | Imperialism | Bolshevik leaders had effectively reestablished a polity with roughly the same extent as that empire by 1921, however with an internationalist ideology: Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory. Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization... | Who had established the Russian empire to its former glory prior to 1921? | {
"answer_start": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"text": [
"Bolshevik leaders",
"Bolshevik leaders",
"Bolshevik leaders",
"Bolshevik leaders"
]
} | Who had established the [MASK] empire to its former glory prior to [MASK]? | [
-0.21641524136066437,
0.07683663815259933,
-0.19928868114948273,
0.21431614458560944,
0.0986638218164444,
0.016302376985549927,
-0.015308420173823833,
0.0887468233704567,
-0.29233741760253906,
0.03948886692523956,
0.011057128198444843,
-0.11649192124605179,
-0.0018509280635043979,
0.251605... | The Arabic term ijāzat al-tadrīs was awarded to Islamic scholars who were qualified to teach. According to Makdisi, the Latin title licentia docendi 'licence to teach' in the European university may have been a translation of the Arabic, but the underlying concept was very different. A significant difference between th... | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Sovi... | Bolshevik leaders | 97,562 |
5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5 | Imperialism | Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Sovie... | Trotsky thought what was needed for a true Russian revolution. | {
"answer_start": [
90,
92,
90,
90,
92
],
"text": [
"a world revolution",
"world revolution",
"a world revolution",
"a world revolution",
"world revolution."
]
} | [MASK] thought what was needed for a true [MASK] revolution. | [
-0.04236089810729027,
-0.1670999974012375,
0.11841636151075363,
0.3720494508743286,
-0.07470090687274933,
0.2540185749530792,
0.16739188134670258,
-0.19249695539474487,
-0.06495475023984909,
-0.22306226193904877,
-0.10232827067375183,
0.3926609754562378,
-0.11623407900333405,
0.14670959115... | The Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden is home to numerous natural habitats, WPA era architecture and landscaping, and hosts major touring concerts during the summer at its amphitheater. Oklahoma City also has two amusement parks, Frontier City theme park and White Water Bay water park. Frontier City is an 'Old Wes... | The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military ad... | In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent. | a world revolution | 97,563 |
5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6 | Imperialism | Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Sovie... | Who wrote that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism? | {
"answer_start": [
110,
110,
110,
110,
110
],
"text": [
"Lenin",
"Lenin",
"Lenin",
"Lenin",
"Lenin"
]
} | Who wrote that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism? | [
-0.11788854748010635,
0.14750173687934875,
-0.3281363546848297,
0.19632533192634583,
0.18126356601715088,
0.13111816346645355,
-0.03521203249692917,
-0.11452068388462067,
-0.010721903294324875,
-0.09122834354639053,
0.04574248567223549,
0.014840143732726574,
-0.14951331913471222,
0.1332822... | In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that rese... | The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad a... | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | Lenin | 97,564 |
5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9 | Imperialism | Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Sovie... | Who argued that the USSR had itself become an imperialist power? | {
"answer_start": [
1519,
1519,
1519,
1519,
1817
],
"text": [
"Mao Zedong",
"Mao Zedong",
"Mao Zedong",
"Mao Zedong",
"Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai"
]
} | Who argued that the [MASK] had itself become an imperialist power? | [
-0.2693917155265808,
-0.04164808243513107,
-0.054220642894506454,
0.2924688756465912,
-0.058832768350839615,
0.04233396425843239,
0.05626421049237251,
-0.052731841802597046,
-0.16516676545143127,
0.15703384578227997,
0.028764920309185982,
-0.022654371336102486,
-0.07140091061592102,
0.2746... | (デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters livi... | The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military ad... | The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet st... | Mao Zedong | 97,565 |
5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8 | Imperialism | Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Sovie... | Who was the leader of Russia in the 1960's? | {
"answer_start": [
751,
751,
751,
751,
758
],
"text": [
"Nikita Khrushchev",
"Nikita Khrushchev",
"Nikita Khrushchev",
"Nikita Khrushchev",
"Khrushchev"
]
} | Who was the leader of [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
-0.19103994965553284,
-0.0035817117895931005,
-0.23630057275295258,
0.34301093220710754,
-0.19767174124717712,
-0.008528235368430614,
0.06995385140180588,
-0.1490446776151657,
-0.25823211669921875,
0.11742419749498367,
-0.2293664813041687,
-0.10064051300287247,
-0.26262110471725464,
-0.046... | A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise... | The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military ad... | The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet st... | Nikita Khrushchev | 97,566 |
5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7 | Imperialism | Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Sovie... | What policy did Stalin implement shortly after Lenin's Death? | {
"answer_start": [
281,
281,
281,
281,
281
],
"text": [
"socialism in one country",
"socialism",
"socialism",
"socialism",
"socialism in one country'"
]
} | What policy did [MASK] implement shortly after [MASK] 's Death? | [
0.06491770595312119,
-0.09021912515163422,
-0.21128511428833008,
0.11467975378036499,
0.08435298502445221,
-0.045558348298072815,
0.15597586333751678,
-0.20403169095516205,
-0.07674193382263184,
0.057063717395067215,
-0.20528441667556763,
0.17682532966136932,
-0.055162906646728516,
0.13823... | Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-num... | The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military ad... | On July 1, 1985, Gorbachev promoted Eduard Shevardnadze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, to full member of the Politburo, and the following day appointed him minister of foreign affairs, replacing longtime Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. The latter, disparaged as "Mr Nyet" in the West, had served for ... | socialism in one country | 97,567 |
5730b541396df919000962c2 | Imperialism | The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through ... | What was the first British empire based on? | {
"answer_start": [
38,
38,
38,
38,
38
],
"text": [
"mercantilism",
"mercantilism",
"mercantilism",
"mercantilism",
"mercantilism"
]
} | What was the [MASK] [MASK] empire based on? | [
0.020986061543226242,
0.20814773440361023,
-0.19051940739154816,
0.3427099585533142,
0.09857112169265747,
0.1565449833869934,
-0.11566126346588135,
0.0818081796169281,
-0.21690890192985535,
0.16340835392475128,
0.18440765142440796,
-0.21872088313102722,
-0.19983358681201935,
0.346391290426... | The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sac... | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | mercantilism | 97,568 |
5730b541396df919000962c3 | Imperialism | The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through ... | When did Great Britain lose its colonies in North America? | {
"answer_start": [
205,
205,
205,
205,
205
],
"text": [
"1776",
"1776",
"1776",
"1776",
"1776"
]
} | When did [MASK] lose its colonies in [MASK]? | [
-0.007670504041016102,
-0.053165461868047714,
-0.09358876943588257,
0.21859844028949738,
0.18692375719547272,
0.058830998837947845,
-0.02093341387808323,
0.19496376812458038,
-0.34295913577079773,
0.08005021512508392,
-0.1942051351070404,
-0.27735739946365356,
-0.1037193313241005,
0.317050... | Ectosymbiosis, also referred to as exosymbiosis, is any symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host, including the inner surface of the digestive tract or the ducts of exocrine glands. Examples of this include ectoparasites such as lice, commensal ectosymbionts such as the barnacl... | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south. Many of the older colonies had land claims that extended arbitrarily far to the west, as the extent of the cont... | 1776 | 97,569 |
5730b541396df919000962c5 | Imperialism | The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through ... | What policy gave Britain dominance in world trade? | {
"answer_start": [
500,
500,
500,
500,
500
],
"text": [
"free trade",
"free trade",
"free trade",
"free trade",
"free trade"
]
} | What policy gave [MASK] dominance in world trade? | [
-0.13399048149585724,
-0.18892879784107208,
0.20525117218494415,
0.39846596121788025,
0.04658881947398186,
-0.035964418202638626,
-0.1843569278717041,
0.29576706886291504,
-0.09070787578821182,
0.08942984789609909,
-0.0007254236843436956,
0.08100438117980957,
-0.32381919026374817,
0.387398... | In the 1960s, the first Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed, and served as the only bridge crossing over the Lower Yangtze in eastern China at that time. The bridge was a source of pride and an important symbol of modern China, having been built and designed by the Chinese themselves following failed surveys by ... | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during the last decades of the 16th century. In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies . In 1562, the English Crown encouraged the pr... | free trade | 97,570 |
5730b541396df919000962c4 | Imperialism | The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through ... | When did the Spanish and Portuguese colonies gain their independance. | {
"answer_start": [
424,
430,
430,
430,
430
],
"text": [
"about 1820",
"1820",
"1820",
"1820",
"1820"
]
} | When did the [MASK] and [MASK] colonies gain their independance. | [
-0.02739718370139599,
-0.041993990540504456,
-0.07608135044574738,
0.16029398143291473,
0.20803795754909515,
0.2835586965084076,
0.12066482752561569,
-0.00407634861767292,
-0.42532241344451904,
-0.13065099716186523,
-0.02407543919980526,
0.0046746451407670975,
0.041839681565761566,
0.25282... | Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also... | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | The Anglo-French hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, which involved a complex series of land exchanges, the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana, and to Great Britain the rest of New France except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Faced with the choice of retrieving e... | about 1820 | 97,571 |
5730b541396df919000962c6 | Imperialism | The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through ... | When was the defeat of Napoleonic France? | {
"answer_start": [
735,
735,
735,
735,
735
],
"text": [
"1815",
"1815",
"1815",
"1815",
"1815"
]
} | When was the defeat of [MASK] [MASK]? | [
-0.3158029317855835,
-0.005769419949501753,
-0.13664260506629944,
0.2050967961549759,
-0.18330781161785126,
0.10465701669454575,
0.23790758848190308,
-0.21248772740364075,
-0.05010600760579109,
0.04045739397406578,
-0.29916486144065857,
0.07942929118871689,
0.19072073698043823,
0.112485177... | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing C... | Europe's expansion into territorial imperialism was largely focused on economic growth by collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means. The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers an example of this focus: there, the "British exploited t... | After returning from Egypt, Napoleon engineered a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic. Another victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in 1800 secured his political power. With the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon restored the religious privileges of the Catholic Church while keeping th... | 1815 | 97,572 |
5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf | Imperialism | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | By the late 19th century, which country had the largest empire ever to exist in the world? | {
"answer_start": [
494,
498,
122,
498,
498
],
"text": [
"The British Empire",
"British Empire",
"The British",
"British",
"British"
]
} | By [MASK], which country had the largest empire ever to exist in the world? | [
-0.31616413593292236,
0.11030486226081848,
-0.018203163519501686,
0.3250538110733032,
0.12708817422389984,
0.17643140256404877,
-0.08378595858812332,
0.29095372557640076,
-0.5077397227287292,
0.22453191876411438,
0.1888706386089325,
-0.28397083282470703,
-0.2006588727235794,
0.279922068119... | In early 1942, the governments of smaller powers began to push for an inter-governmental Asia-Pacific war council, based in Washington, D.C.. A council was established in London, with a subsidiary body in Washington. However, the smaller powers continued to push for an American-based body. The Pacific War Council was f... | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... | The British Empire | 97,573 |
5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0 | Imperialism | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | What kinds of sciences were Social Darwinism and theories of race? | {
"answer_start": [
258,
258,
258,
498,
258
],
"text": [
"pseudo-sciences",
"pseudo-sciences",
"pseudo-sciences",
"British Empire",
"pseudo"
]
} | What kinds of sciences were Social Darwinism and theories of race? | [
0.33797308802604675,
0.1308687925338745,
-0.39600813388824463,
0.2818264067173004,
0.02796834520995617,
0.36086738109588623,
0.3443830907344818,
0.12019289284944534,
0.036653585731983185,
-0.4054239094257355,
0.21112369000911713,
0.10123344510793686,
-0.3776054084300995,
0.221671462059021,... | Guinea-Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west. It lies mostly between latitudes 11° and 13°N (a small area is south of 11°), and longitudes 13° and 17°W. | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | The First British Empire was based on mercantilism, and involved colonies and holdings primarily in North America, the Caribbean, and India. Its growth was reversed by the loss of the American colonies in 1776. Britain made compensating gains in India, Australia, and in constructing an informal economic empire through ... | pseudo-sciences | 97,574 |
5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2 | Imperialism | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | Rudyard Kipling was an influential spokesman for what? | {
"answer_start": [
122,
144,
277,
144
],
"text": [
"The British spirit of imperialism",
"imperialism",
"Social Darwinism",
"imperialism"
]
} | [MASK] was an influential spokesman for what? | [
0.32910317182540894,
0.017530491575598717,
-0.08179216831922531,
0.15936940908432007,
-0.18410930037498474,
0.03162173181772232,
-0.08730415999889374,
-0.042671699076890945,
0.06958041340112686,
0.1786794364452362,
-0.1271626055240631,
0.21870455145835876,
-0.20880667865276337,
-0.03653445... | Desktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become... | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoma... | The British spirit of imperialism | 97,575 |
5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1 | Imperialism | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | In which continent besides Asia were major gains made by the British Empire in the late 19th century? | {
"answer_start": [
109,
109,
105,
66,
109
],
"text": [
"Middle East",
"Middle East",
"the Middle East",
"Africa",
"Middle East."
]
} | In which continent besides [MASK] were major gains made by [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
-0.037076473236083984,
-0.1315031200647354,
0.06016211211681366,
0.4395192563533783,
0.21046079695224762,
0.25495436787605286,
-0.12602391839027405,
0.08116000145673752,
-0.3226575553417206,
-0.12949712574481964,
0.03798411786556244,
-0.13493290543556213,
0.1768079698085785,
0.128975525498... | A treaty breach does not automatically suspend or terminate treaty relations, however. It depends on how the other parties regard the breach and how they resolve to respond to it. Sometimes treaties will provide for the seriousness of a breach to be determined by a tribunal or other independent arbiter. An advantage of... | During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of t... | By the turn of the 20th century, fears had begun to grow in Britain that it would no longer be able to defend the metropole and the entirety of the empire while at the same time maintaining the policy of "splendid isolation". Germany was rapidly rising as a military and industrial power and was now seen as the most lik... | Middle East | 97,576 |
5730b7ce069b5314008322c3 | Imperialism | The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilso... | How did the United States plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies? | {
"answer_start": [
149,
124,
132,
132,
153
],
"text": [
"the Monroe Doctrine",
"through policies",
"policies such as the Monroe Doctrine",
"policies such as the Monroe Doctrine",
"Monroe Doctrine"
]
} | How did [MASK] plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies? | [
-0.0583481602370739,
-0.05926419794559479,
-0.060112662613391876,
0.292511910200119,
0.11495176702737808,
0.20626629889011383,
0.30893316864967346,
-0.16478657722473145,
-0.010272467508912086,
-0.035049717873334885,
-0.10763337463140488,
-0.140722393989563,
-0.2978229522705078,
0.088613510... | The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council and the Scottish Government with a view to opening a new £43 million gallery in Dundee that would use the V&A brand although it would be funded through and operated independently. As of 2015, with costs estimated at £76 m... | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | The CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global political change favorable to the U... | the Monroe Doctrine | 97,577 |
5730b7ce069b5314008322c4 | Imperialism | The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilso... | What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of imperialism? | {
"answer_start": [
268,
1200,
268,
268,
268
],
"text": [
"interventionism",
".",
"interventionism",
"interventionism",
"interventionism"
]
} | What was the name of [MASK] policy of imperialism? | [
0.15492641925811768,
-0.10608688741922379,
-0.3210868835449219,
0.2982306480407715,
-0.04898790270090103,
0.03321204334497452,
0.03107265569269657,
0.17088250815868378,
-0.0449557863175869,
0.05318492650985718,
-0.06297482550144196,
0.022733470425009727,
-0.11676155030727386,
0.33205848932... | The essential usefulness of a transistor comes from its ability to use a small signal applied between one pair of its terminals to control a much larger signal at another pair of terminals. This property is called gain. It can produce a stronger output signal, a voltage or current, which is proportional to a weaker inp... | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | The loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the "first" and "second" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Ada... | interventionism | 97,578 |
5730b7ce069b5314008322c6 | Imperialism | The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilso... | What caused the US public to condemn the occupation of the philippines? | {
"answer_start": [
727,
727,
729,
729,
729
],
"text": [
"a war erupted",
"a war erupted",
"war",
"war",
"war"
]
} | What caused the [MASK] public to condemn the occupation of the [MASK]? | [
0.25488075613975525,
0.13090184330940247,
-0.146345853805542,
0.11968379467725754,
-0.10387418419122696,
0.05533735454082489,
0.16050653159618378,
-0.22056400775909424,
0.044712454080581665,
0.061993107199668884,
-0.27983227372169495,
0.10410162806510925,
-0.2939731776714325,
0.25549960136... | Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Though wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems (e.g. with special low-cost electric interties) were judged uneconomical (at the time ... | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirle... | a war erupted | 97,579 |
5730b7ce069b5314008322c5 | Imperialism | The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilso... | Which country besides the Cuba did the United states try to annex in 1898? | {
"answer_start": [
685,
689,
689,
689,
689
],
"text": [
"the Philippines",
"Philippines",
"Philippines",
"Philippines",
"Philippines"
]
} | Which country besides the [MASK] did [MASK] try to annex in [MASK]? | [
-0.20878683030605316,
-0.19461935758590698,
-0.0364798828959465,
0.3863086998462677,
0.32517820596694946,
0.09418872743844986,
-0.1317603439092636,
0.11322940140962601,
-0.19910070300102234,
0.025327380746603012,
-0.06044108793139458,
-0.20051050186157227,
-0.23639068007469177,
0.187488958... | According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 874.3 square miles (2,264 km2), making Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States; of this, 86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34% (116.7 sq mi or 302 km2) is water. Jacksonville surrounds the town... | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | the Philippines | 97,580 |
5730b7ce069b5314008322c7 | Imperialism | The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilso... | What did Smedley Butler call US foreign Policy? | {
"answer_start": [
979,
982,
982,
979,
982
],
"text": [
"a \"racket\"",
"racket",
"racket",
"a \"racket\"",
"racket"
]
} | What did [MASK] call [MASK] foreign Policy? | [
0.18219076097011566,
0.03520140424370766,
-0.17628751695156097,
-0.029270682483911514,
-0.0225746501237154,
0.13686615228652954,
-0.014587588608264923,
0.10634160041809082,
-0.036357332020998,
0.04676945507526398,
-0.2440357357263565,
0.22139212489128113,
-0.006304537877440453,
0.095975503... | The American professor Robert H. Goddard had worked on developing solid-fuel rockets since 1914, and demonstrated a light battlefield rocket to the US Army Signal Corps only five days before the signing of the armistice that ended World War I. He also started developing liquid-fueled rockets in 1921; yet he had not bee... | The U.S. government has engaged in efforts to counter Islamism, or violent Islamism, since 2001. These efforts were centred in the U.S. around public diplomacy programmes conducted by the State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism ... | The U.N. speech was well received but the Soviets never acted upon it, due to an overarching concern for the greater stockpiles of nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal. Indeed, Eisenhower embarked upon a greater reliance on the use of nuclear weapons, while reducing conventional forces, and with them the overall defense... | a "racket" | 97,581 |
5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704 | Imperialism | One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President... | Who was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914? | {
"answer_start": [
103,
103,
103,
103,
103
],
"text": [
"Isiah Bowman",
"Isiah Bowman",
"Isiah Bowman",
"Isiah Bowman",
"Isiah Bowman"
]
} | Who was the director of [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
0.031156405806541443,
0.07692936807870865,
-0.13639047741889954,
0.3446108400821686,
0.17041248083114624,
0.12708868086338043,
-0.02975933440029621,
-0.18968796730041504,
-0.008349630050361156,
0.311786949634552,
-0.2892976999282837,
0.03720835596323013,
-0.08355937153100967,
0.00646666390... | On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was m... | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months ... | Darwin had his basic theory of natural selection "by which to work" by December 1838, yet almost twenty years later, when Wallace's letter arrived on 18 June 1858, Darwin was still not ready to publish his theory. It was long thought that Darwin avoided or delayed making his ideas public for personal reasons. Reasons s... | Isiah Bowman | 97,582 |
5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705 | Imperialism | One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President... | When was Isiah Bowman appointed to President Wilson's Inquiry? | {
"answer_start": [
208,
277,
208,
208,
208
],
"text": [
"1917",
"1917",
"1917",
"1917",
"1917"
]
} | When was [MASK] appointed to President [MASK] 's Inquiry? | [
-0.06488659232854843,
0.06134409084916115,
-0.35927140712738037,
0.36018693447113037,
0.13990743458271027,
-0.03778620436787605,
-0.083482526242733,
-0.31463879346847534,
-0.26733699440956116,
0.0003299856325611472,
-0.08408793807029724,
0.2587429881095886,
-0.2899671494960785,
-0.02488318... | In 2014, economists with the Standard & Poor's rating agency concluded that the widening disparity between the U.S.'s wealthiest citizens and the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles. To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting s... | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months ... | An 1855 paper on the "introduction" of species, written by Alfred Russel Wallace, claimed that patterns in the geographical distribution of living and fossil species could be explained if every new species always came into existence near an already existing, closely related species. Charles Lyell recognised the implica... | 1917 | 97,583 |
5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706 | Imperialism | One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President... | Who besides Woodrow Wilson himself had the idea for the inquiry? | {
"answer_start": [
336,
336,
332,
336,
336
],
"text": [
"American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference",
"American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference",
"the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference",
"American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference... | Who besides [MASK] himself had the idea for the inquiry? | [
0.05964929237961769,
0.014655503444373608,
-0.09074151515960693,
0.3165227472782135,
-0.039493680000305176,
0.12588182091712952,
0.06128409132361412,
-0.2373216152191162,
-0.08512791246175766,
-0.1062578558921814,
-0.0936407819390297,
0.17980515956878662,
-0.0888243317604065,
0.02316670492... | The British failures in North America, combined with other failures in the European theater, led to the fall from power of Newcastle and his principal military advisor, the Duke of Cumberland. Newcastle and Pitt joined in an uneasy coalition in which Pitt dominated the military planning. He embarked on a plan for the 1... | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months ... | Other important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several great powers met to ... | American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference | 97,584 |
5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707 | Imperialism | One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President... | What was the premise of Woodrow Wilson's inquiry? | {
"answer_start": [
459,
449,
449,
449,
459
],
"text": [
"U.S authorship of a 'new world'",
"allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order",
"allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical orde... | What was the premise of [MASK] inquiry? | [
0.1153351217508316,
0.10403641313314438,
-0.21965141594409943,
0.2729659676551819,
-0.04942530393600464,
0.17504452168941498,
0.13284394145011902,
-0.17867541313171387,
0.19554683566093445,
0.1537131816148758,
-0.09348074346780777,
0.3187955319881439,
0.06143719702959061,
0.002851921133697... | On March 5, 2005, CBC Television launched a high definition simulcast of its Toronto (CBLT-DT) and Montreal (CBMT-DT) stations. Since that time, the network has also launched HD simulcasts in Vancouver (CBUT-DT), Ottawa (CBOT-DT), Edmonton (CBXT-DT), Calgary (CBRT-DT), Halifax (CBHT-DT), Windsor, (CBET-DT), Winnipeg (C... | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months ... | The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign ... | U.S authorship of a 'new world' | 97,585 |
5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708 | Imperialism | One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President... | What was Isiah Bowman nick name, as known by the public. | {
"answer_start": [
623,
623,
623,
623,
623
],
"text": [
"Wilson's geographer",
"Wilson's geographer",
"Wilson's geographer",
"Wilson's geographer",
"Wilson's geographer."
]
} | What was [MASK] nick name, as known by the public. | [
0.011548040434718132,
0.4116281270980835,
-0.35167407989501953,
0.263887494802475,
-0.19877146184444427,
0.0146914292126894,
0.3147580623626709,
0.2365545630455017,
0.0557432696223259,
-0.14406561851501465,
-0.4331513047218323,
-0.01513371430337429,
-0.11465026438236237,
0.3009222745895386... | Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus on issues; the crea... | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months ... | In partnership with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Bell helped establish the publication Science during the early 1880s. In 1898, Bell was elected as the second president of the National Geographic Society, serving until 1903, and was primarily responsible for the extensive use of illustrations, including photography, in the... | Wilson's geographer | 97,586 |
5730bb522461fd1900a9d011 | Imperialism | Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies"... | Some people describe what between individuals or groups as imperialism or colonialism? | {
"answer_start": [
24,
24,
24,
24,
24
],
"text": [
"internal strife",
"internal strife",
"internal strife",
"internal strife",
"internal strife"
]
} | Some people describe what between individuals or groups as imperialism or colonialism? | [
0.08137592673301697,
-0.0029320241883397102,
-0.377766877412796,
0.11699940264225006,
0.2723117768764496,
0.04376499354839325,
0.1028764471411705,
0.12308215349912643,
-0.004238738212734461,
-0.0640142410993576,
-0.1529325246810913,
-0.10638896375894547,
-0.21838638186454773,
0.37198904156... | At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community. The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years. Downtown is generally regarded as the area ... | "The word ‘empire’ comes from the Latin word imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be ‘sovereignty’, or simply ‘rule’". The greatest distinction of an empire is through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded. Political power grew from conquering land, however cultu... | A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism and theories of race forme... | internal strife | 97,587 |
5730bb522461fd1900a9d012 | Imperialism | Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies"... | the US expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of colonialism? | {
"answer_start": [
560,
561,
561,
561,
116
],
"text": [
"\"internal colonialism\"",
"internal colonialism",
"internal colonialism",
"internal colonialism",
"internal"
]
} | the [MASK] expansion Westward could be viewed as what type of colonialism? | [
-0.12295065820217133,
-0.19543175399303436,
-0.1460704207420349,
0.193496435880661,
0.2385891079902649,
0.10351202636957169,
0.05572602152824402,
0.1895129531621933,
-0.1820240616798401,
-0.14583255350589752,
-0.1892339438199997,
-0.11795368045568466,
0.11779603362083435,
0.458221048116683... | Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have stand-alone signs di... | "The word ‘empire’ comes from the Latin word imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be ‘sovereignty’, or simply ‘rule’". The greatest distinction of an empire is through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded. Political power grew from conquering land, however cultu... | In Britain's "imperial century", victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the Pax Britannica, and a foreign policy of "splendid isolation". Alongside... | "internal colonialism" | 97,588 |
5730bb522461fd1900a9d013 | Imperialism | Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies"... | How many Africans were brought into the United States during the slave trade? | {
"answer_start": [
661,
661,
661,
661,
661
],
"text": [
"12 to 15 million",
"12 to 15 million",
"12 to 15 million",
"12 to 15 million",
"12 to 15 million"
]
} | How many [MASK] were brought into [MASK] during the slave trade? | [
0.2881064713001251,
-0.046123307198286057,
-0.35688212513923645,
0.17702102661132812,
0.35070523619651794,
0.6172889471054077,
0.13857318460941315,
-0.17317037284374237,
-0.3787511885166168,
-0.02072019875049591,
0.01763090118765831,
0.016159046441316605,
-0.4376850128173828,
0.18125027418... | Many large airports are located near railway trunk routes for seamless connection of multimodal transport, for instance Frankfurt Airport, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, London Heathrow Airport, London Gatwick Airport and London Stansted Airport. It is also common to connect an airport and a city with rapid transit, light... | "The word ‘empire’ comes from the Latin word imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be ‘sovereignty’, or simply ‘rule’". The greatest distinction of an empire is through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded. Political power grew from conquering land, however cultu... | The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine. However, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century, policies such as Theodore Roosevelt’s interventionism in Central America and Woodrow Wilso... | 12 to 15 million | 97,589 |
5730bb522461fd1900a9d015 | Imperialism | Some have described the internal strife between various people groups as a form of imperialism or colonialism. This internal form is distinct from informal U.S. imperialism in the form of political and financial hegemony. This internal form of imperialism is also distinct from the United States' formation of "colonies"... | Who does Edward Said say is being attacked by US imperialism? | {
"answer_start": [
1213,
1213,
1213,
1217,
1217
],
"text": [
"the contemporary Orient",
"the contemporary Orient",
"the contemporary Orient",
"contemporary Orient",
"contemporary Orient, \""
]
} | Who does [MASK] say is being attacked by [MASK] imperialism? | [
0.1733243614435196,
0.12887714803218842,
-0.10955268889665604,
0.07561096549034119,
0.15293489396572113,
-0.05544197931885719,
0.12346672266721725,
0.1552904099225998,
0.1342172771692276,
-0.13950446248054504,
-0.28128498792648315,
-0.016995463520288467,
-0.23121051490306854,
0.25229448080... | An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Indeed, Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts, based on their historical ties with Sweden, Denmark and particularly Finland. In December 1999, then E... | "The word ‘empire’ comes from the Latin word imperium; for which the closest modern English equivalent would perhaps be ‘sovereignty’, or simply ‘rule’". The greatest distinction of an empire is through the amount of land that a nation has conquered and expanded. Political power grew from conquering land, however cultu... | Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control, yet scholars sometimes find it difficult to illustrate the difference between the two. Although imperialism and colonialism focus on the suppression of an other, if colonialism refers t... | the contemporary Orient | 97,590 |
5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c | Imperialism | The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the C... | When did the Ottoman Empire fall? | {
"answer_start": [
66,
66,
66,
66,
66
],
"text": [
"1923",
"1923",
"1923",
"1923",
"1923"
]
} | When did [MASK] fall? | [
-0.18550355732440948,
0.04880144074559212,
-0.08758808672428131,
0.23003438115119934,
-0.13970284163951874,
0.11598199605941772,
0.45731472969055176,
-0.20872683823108673,
-0.006412604358047247,
0.18078859150409698,
0.020871523767709732,
-0.10773635655641556,
0.11017902195453644,
0.0312775... | H
2 is produced in chemistry and biology laboratories, often as a by-product of other reactions; in industry for the hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates; and in nature as a means of expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions. | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | The Ottoman bashi-bazouks brutally suppressed the Bulgarian uprising of 1876, massacring up to 100,000 people in the process. The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) ended with a decisive victory for Russia. As a result, Ottoman holdings in Europe declined sharply; Bulgaria was established as an independent principality inside... | 1923 | 97,591 |
5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d | Imperialism | The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the C... | Who reigned over the Ottoman empire when it was at its most powerful. | {
"answer_start": [
168,
168,
168,
168,
168
],
"text": [
"Suleiman the Magnificent",
"Suleiman the Magnificent",
"Suleiman the Magnificent",
"Suleiman the Magnificent",
"Suleiman the Magnificent,"
]
} | Who reigned over the [MASK] empire when it was at its most powerful. | [
-0.5542237162590027,
-0.06086403876543045,
-0.2784450352191925,
0.3520326316356659,
-0.22005602717399597,
0.014501798897981644,
-0.011805756017565727,
0.22571463882923126,
-0.36696112155914307,
0.11744587868452072,
0.09017350524663925,
-0.1955796331167221,
-0.004535101354122162,
0.14745153... | British air doctrine, since the time of Chief of the Air Staff Hugh Trenchard in the early 1920s, had stressed offence was the best means of defence. British defensive strategy revolved around offensive action, what became known as the cult of the offensive. To prevent German formations from hitting targets in Britain,... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | Suleiman the Magnificent | 97,592 |
5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e | Imperialism | The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the C... | How many provinces did the Ottoman empire contain in the 17th century? | {
"answer_start": [
425,
425,
425,
425,
425
],
"text": [
"32",
"32",
"32",
"32",
"32"
]
} | How many provinces did [MASK] contain in [MASK]? | [
0.2270231544971466,
0.13808400928974152,
0.0546598806977272,
0.3556724190711975,
0.07012396305799484,
0.2728385329246521,
0.17243105173110962,
-0.061445243656635284,
-0.34123364090919495,
0.11403338611125946,
-0.03419230505824089,
-0.2913578748703003,
-0.4460039436817169,
0.141809135675430... | If the Spanish monarch ever refused in conscience to grant royal assent, a procedure similar to the Belgian handling of King Baudouin's objection would not be possible under the current constitution. If the sovereign were ever declared incapable of discharging royal authority, his or her powers would not be transferred... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent. It initiated the conquest of North Africa, with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Starting with the loss of Greece in 1821 and Algeria in 1830, Ottoman naval power and control over ... | 32 | 97,593 |
5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f | Imperialism | The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the C... | The Ottoman empire controlled territory on three continents, Africa, Asia and which other? | {
"answer_start": [
293,
293,
293,
293,
293
],
"text": [
"Europe",
"Europe",
"Europe",
"Europe",
"Europe"
]
} | The [MASK] empire controlled territory on [MASK] continents, [MASK], [MASK] and which other? | [
-0.11999116092920303,
0.12577800452709198,
-0.06934825330972672,
0.26099082827568054,
0.15818816423416138,
0.05296538770198822,
-0.07055314630270004,
0.13317032158374786,
-0.25139662623405457,
0.11823078989982605,
0.14858092367649078,
-0.2644764184951782,
-0.3713950216770172,
0.21776771545... | Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms of their power consumption, expressed in watts, proliferation of lighting technology ... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | Europe | 97,594 |
5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740 | Imperialism | The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a powerful multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the C... | When was the Ottoman empire at its height? | {
"answer_start": [
72,
391,
79,
83,
83
],
"text": [
"During the 16th and 17th centuries",
"17th century",
"the 16th and 17th centuries",
"16th and 17th centuries",
"16th and 17th centuries"
]
} | When was the [MASK] empire at its height? | [
-0.3033687472343445,
0.07930000871419907,
-0.10618920624256134,
0.21365141868591309,
-0.009516656398773193,
0.1515171229839325,
-0.08003788441419601,
0.1100902333855629,
-0.4439941644668579,
0.10093309730291367,
0.2472066879272461,
-0.21210937201976776,
0.0112940464168787,
0.17716701328754... | The French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Franco-Austrian War in Italy, a... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | During the 16th and 17th centuries | 97,595 |
5730bd00069b5314008322d9 | Imperialism | With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late ninet... | Who did the Ottoman empire ally with in WW I? | {
"answer_start": [
358,
358,
358,
358,
358
],
"text": [
"Germany",
"Germany",
"Germany",
"Germany",
"Germany"
]
} | Who did the [MASK] empire ally with in [MASK]? | [
-0.4080173075199127,
0.1288439780473709,
-0.17862296104431152,
0.2806166112422943,
-0.04112713038921356,
0.2462523877620697,
-0.05469581112265587,
0.01560042705386877,
0.008290792815387249,
-0.04105864465236664,
0.01725032739341259,
-0.1657520830631256,
-0.07178761065006256,
0.066724479198... | In the words of Labour Member of Parliament George Hardie, the abdication crisis of 1936 did "more for republicanism than fifty years of propaganda". George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed "a rocking throne", and tried "to make it steady again". He becam... | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | Germany | 97,597 |
5730bd00069b5314008322db | Imperialism | With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late ninet... | What ended Turkish imperial Ambitions? | {
"answer_start": [
493,
609,
605,
609,
609
],
"text": [
"World War I",
"creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states",
"the creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states",
"creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states",
"creation of modern Balkan and Mi... | What ended [MASK] imperial Ambitions? | [
-0.2744780480861664,
0.2185770571231842,
-0.07655493170022964,
0.30783194303512573,
0.02907620184123516,
-0.02434399165213108,
0.054683618247509,
0.0060125719755887985,
-0.01128277275711298,
-0.02851414494216442,
-0.15960083901882172,
-0.1231822669506073,
-0.06654966622591019,
0.3157607316... | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major... | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks took over much of the Middle East, occupying Persia during the 1040s, Armenia in the 1060s, and Jerusalem in 1070. In 1071, the Turkish army defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and captured the Byzantine Emperor Romanus IV (r. 1068–71). The Turks were then free t... | World War I | 97,598 |
5730bd00069b5314008322da | Imperialism | With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late ninet... | Which country today is a remnant of the Ottoman empire? | {
"answer_start": [
551,
551,
551,
551,
551
],
"text": [
"Turkey",
"Turkey",
"Turkey",
"Turkey",
"Turkey"
]
} | Which country [MASK] is a remnant of the [MASK] empire? | [
-0.08918388187885284,
0.06477220356464386,
-0.06530636548995972,
0.2754710018634796,
0.3891181945800781,
0.14158092439174652,
0.012730267830193043,
0.10206297039985657,
-0.19005291163921356,
0.0946563109755516,
-0.32148972153663635,
-0.37688934803009033,
0.07313940674066544,
0.266801625490... | The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Co... | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | The history of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman engagement in the Middle Eastern theatre. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut. The Arab Revolt which began in 1916 turned the tide against the Ottoma... | Turkey | 97,599 |
5730982f396df919000961e2 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John... | What does UMC stand for? | {
"answer_start": [
4,
4,
4
],
"text": [
"United Methodist Church",
"United Methodist Church (UMC)",
"United Methodist Church"
]
} | What does [MASK] stand for? | [
0.4044588506221771,
0.20653311908245087,
-0.1413954496383667,
0.12988030910491943,
-0.17786116898059845,
0.2274136245250702,
-0.06785401701927185,
-0.06843940168619156,
-0.18210288882255554,
0.33450189232826233,
-0.3814467191696167,
0.009638815186917782,
-0.19139525294303894,
0.27232444286... | A study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included priests, religious leaders, and case workers as well as teachers. It is important to note, however, that the British study referenced above is the only one of its kind and consisted of "a random ... probability sample... | Methodist institutions may be named after a biblical figure (e.g., "St. James UMC"). Methodists also honor notable heroes and heroines of the Christian faith and look to these prominent saints as providing examples of holy living and commitment to Christ that are worthy of imitation (see 1 Corinthians 11:1). Such exemp... | In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada,... | United Methodist Church | 97,600 |
5730982f396df919000961e3 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John... | What is the United Methodist Church? | {
"answer_start": [
39,
34,
37
],
"text": [
"mainline Protestant Methodist denomination",
"is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination",
"a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination"
]
} | What is [MASK]? | [
0.21777169406414032,
0.14820264279842377,
-0.054969314485788345,
0.14694024622440338,
0.09014614671468735,
-0.07755731046199799,
0.2449391484260559,
-0.05306538939476013,
-0.06867067515850067,
0.08619720488786697,
-0.3616909384727478,
-0.14941032230854034,
-0.1818048655986786,
0.2207538634... | The establishment of Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited (IDPL), a public sector undertaking, in 1961 was followed over the decades by many national and global companies opening manufacturing and research facilities in the city. As of 2010[update], the city manufactured one third of India's bulk drugs and 16% of b... | Nevertheless, The United Methodist Church "implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends" and commits itself to be in ministry with all persons, affirming that God's grace, love, and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congr... | Nevertheless, The United Methodist Church "implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends" and commits itself to be in ministry with all persons, affirming that God's grace, love, and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congr... | mainline Protestant Methodist denomination | 97,601 |
5730982f396df919000961e4 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John... | When was the UMC founded? | {
"answer_start": [
167,
39,
167
],
"text": [
"1968",
"mainline Protestant Methodist denomination",
"1968"
]
} | When was the [MASK] founded? | [
0.2736097574234009,
0.2181837558746338,
-0.07094153761863708,
-0.04435999318957329,
-0.03867201879620552,
0.05356185883283615,
-0.12987074255943298,
0.02354402281343937,
-0.17322887480258942,
0.06982126086950302,
0.08034619688987732,
-0.006200206466019154,
-0.022893302142620087,
0.20530354... | The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Mar... | Nevertheless, The United Methodist Church "implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends" and commits itself to be in ministry with all persons, affirming that God's grace, love, and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congr... | In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions. The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries. The split created the Southern Baptist Convention, while the northern congregations formed their own umbrella organization now called the Ame... | 1968 | 97,602 |
5730982f396df919000961e5 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John... | Who founded the UMC? | {
"answer_start": [
179,
316,
175
],
"text": [
"union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church",
"John and Charles Wesley in England",
"the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church"
]
} | Who founded the [MASK]? | [
0.35566073656082153,
0.14790396392345428,
-0.13347026705741882,
0.13464131951332092,
0.0030434210784733295,
0.1297357827425003,
-0.20487384498119354,
-0.23090651631355286,
-0.18304654955863953,
0.14036986231803894,
-0.0511481873691082,
0.031778737902641296,
-0.17550982534885406,
0.22338479... | Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biol... | Nevertheless, The United Methodist Church "implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends" and commits itself to be in ministry with all persons, affirming that God's grace, love, and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congr... | Though John Wesley originally wanted the Methodists to stay within the Church of England, the American Revolution decisively separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church. In 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop to start a ... | union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church | 97,603 |
5730982f396df919000961e6 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination. In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism. Founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John... | What is the church's theological orientation? | {
"answer_start": [
463,
438,
463
],
"text": [
"Wesleyan",
"orientation is decidedly Wesleyan",
"Wesleyan"
]
} | What is the church's theological orientation? | [
0.19131913781166077,
0.29523319005966187,
-0.07362748682498932,
-0.05245502293109894,
0.14429955184459686,
0.28659576177597046,
0.27107879519462585,
0.16888177394866943,
0.07563098520040512,
-0.04225807636976242,
-0.33252033591270447,
0.20918545126914978,
0.20803745090961456,
0.03274464979... | The CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global political change favorable to the U... | Nevertheless, The United Methodist Church "implore[s] families and churches not to reject or condemn lesbian and gay members and friends" and commits itself to be in ministry with all persons, affirming that God's grace, love, and forgiveness is available to all. Additionally, many organizations, conferences, and congr... | As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churc... | Wesleyan | 97,604 |
573098c12461fd1900a9cee5 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement, which has approximately 80 million adherents across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the th... | What is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement? | {
"answer_start": [
4,
0,
0
],
"text": [
"United Methodist Church",
"The United Methodist Church",
"The United Methodist Church"
]
} | What is the largest denomination within the wider [MASK] movement? | [
0.21532247960567474,
0.07397055625915527,
-0.13282987475395203,
0.06683871150016785,
-0.12970732152462006,
0.2856765687465668,
0.10158560425043106,
0.2540474236011505,
-0.276483952999115,
-0.0172149408608675,
-0.19198688864707947,
-0.05572067201137543,
-0.031074846163392067,
0.359969377517... | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | United Methodist Church | 97,605 |
573098c12461fd1900a9cee6 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement, which has approximately 80 million adherents across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the th... | Approximately how many adherents does the United Methodist Church have across the world? | {
"answer_start": [
117,
117,
117
],
"text": [
"80 million",
"80 million adherents",
"80 million"
]
} | Approximately how many adherents does [MASK] have across the world? | [
0.41933849453926086,
0.3138635456562042,
0.4036862850189209,
-0.06971582770347595,
-0.12313209474086761,
0.2976361811161041,
0.3736841082572937,
0.05114154517650604,
-0.18277111649513245,
0.051849108189344406,
-0.012521486729383469,
-0.10922425985336304,
-0.06968074291944504,
0.14328022301... | The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying: | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | The United Methodist Church (UMC) practices infant and adult baptism. Baptized Members are those who have been baptized as an infant or child, but who have not subsequently professed their own faith. These Baptized Members become Professing Members through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith. Individuals... | 80 million | 97,606 |
573098c12461fd1900a9cee7 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement, which has approximately 80 million adherents across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the th... | In the United States the UMC ranks as the largest what? | {
"answer_start": [
207,
216,
207
],
"text": [
"mainline Protestant denomination",
"Protestant denomination",
"mainline Protestant denomination"
]
} | In [MASK] the [MASK] ranks as the largest what? | [
-0.034423649311065674,
0.12361926585435867,
0.08889966458082199,
0.19301599264144897,
0.03546096757054329,
0.2890150845050812,
0.10799790173768997,
-0.035437725484371185,
-0.4374848008155823,
0.2327491044998169,
-0.23831288516521454,
-0.15447476506233215,
-0.0589909702539444,
0.27225112915... | Saint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Ove... | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represent... | mainline Protestant denomination | 97,607 |
573098c12461fd1900a9cee8 | United_Methodist_Church | The United Methodist Church is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement, which has approximately 80 million adherents across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the th... | What percentage of the U.S. population self-identify with UMC? | {
"answer_start": [
638,
638,
638
],
"text": [
"3.6%",
"3.6% of the U.S population, or",
"3.6%"
]
} | What percentage of the [MASK] population self- identify with [MASK]? | [
0.36309826374053955,
0.27577638626098633,
0.07871082425117493,
-0.028551792725920677,
0.029437903314828873,
0.5607771873474121,
0.5830793976783752,
-0.021543659269809723,
0.02465192973613739,
-0.11405093222856522,
-0.2892734110355377,
-0.03679627180099487,
-0.09972765296697617,
-0.17982374... | Christian theologians have held idealist views, often based on Neoplatonism, despite the influence of Aristotelian scholasticism from the 12th century onward. Later western theistic idealism such as that of Hermann Lotze offers a theory of the "world ground" in which all things find their unity: it has been widely acce... | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and "Bible study" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publis... | 3.6% | 97,608 |
57309921396df919000961f6 | United_Methodist_Church | The movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield, met on the Oxford University campus. They focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a hol... | When did the movement that would become The United Methodist Church begin? | {
"answer_start": [
73,
60,
73
],
"text": [
"mid-18th century",
"began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England.",
"mid-18th century"
]
} | When did the movement that would become [MASK] begin? | [
0.308318555355072,
-0.15086114406585693,
0.12350084632635117,
-0.008806970901787281,
-0.23107115924358368,
0.06791292130947113,
0.08575659990310669,
-0.14964820444583893,
-0.2239495813846588,
-0.02010641247034073,
-0.07129843533039093,
0.11741126328706741,
-0.07168359309434891,
0.235502645... | Light is the signal by which plants synchronize their internal clocks to their environment and is sensed by a wide variety of photoreceptors. Red and blue light are absorbed through several phytochromes and cryptochromes. One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades... | Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominat... | In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions. The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries. The split created the Southern Baptist Convention, while the northern congregations formed their own umbrella organization now called the Ame... | mid-18th century | 97,609 |
57309921396df919000961f7 | United_Methodist_Church | The movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield, met on the Oxford University campus. They focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a hol... | Where did the movement that would become The United Methodist Church begin? | {
"answer_start": [
90,
97,
97
],
"text": [
"within the Church of England",
"the Church of England.",
"the Church of England"
]
} | Where did the movement that would become [MASK] begin? | [
0.2598757743835449,
-0.18959195911884308,
0.2035714089870453,
0.04498078674077988,
-0.1644010692834854,
0.07797454297542572,
0.08698518574237823,
-0.05039083585143089,
-0.24153971672058105,
-0.11430930346250534,
-0.02626417577266693,
0.0007334694964811206,
-0.05253278464078903,
0.331186830... | Dominic inspired his followers with loyalty to learning and virtue, a deep recognition of the spiritual power of worldly deprivation and the religious state, and a highly developed governmental structure. At the same time, Dominic inspired the members of his order to develop a "mixed" spirituality. They were both activ... | Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominat... | Throughout its history, the United Methodist Church has placed great emphasis on the importance of education. As such, the United Methodist Church established and is affiliated with around one hundred colleges and universities in the United States, including Syracuse University, Boston University, Emory University, Duk... | within the Church of England | 97,610 |
57309921396df919000961f8 | United_Methodist_Church | The movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield, met on the Oxford University campus. They focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a hol... | Why was the student group called "the Methodists?" | {
"answer_start": [
411,
245,
411
],
"text": [
"being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study",
"They focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a holy life",
"being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study, opinions and discipline... | Why was the student group called "the Methodists?" | [
0.3117562532424927,
0.4834769666194916,
-0.03375069051980972,
-0.09211258590221405,
0.058172427117824554,
-0.10894905030727386,
0.17367199063301086,
0.02935785986483097,
-0.30991268157958984,
0.14202351868152618,
-0.23154838383197784,
0.018660705536603928,
-0.2659812271595001,
0.0403651967... | The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for hu... | Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominat... | The United Methodist Church has since 1985 been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. A Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and U... | being methodical and exceptionally detailed in their Bible study | 97,611 |
573099f42461fd1900a9cef7 | United_Methodist_Church | In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia. In less than two years, the "Holy Club" disbanded. John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected. He said "they appeared to be of one heart, as well as of one judgment, re... | In what year did John and Charles Wesley come to America to teach the gospel? | {
"answer_start": [
3,
0,
3
],
"text": [
"1735",
"In 1735",
"1735"
]
} | In what year did [MASK] and [MASK] come to [MASK] to teach the gospel? | [
0.3960528075695038,
0.4142923355102539,
-0.16889649629592896,
-0.09122581034898758,
0.33874252438545227,
0.19733470678329468,
0.32794997096061707,
-0.01990925520658493,
-0.1359686553478241,
-0.27949532866477966,
-0.026489654555916786,
0.29055511951446533,
0.20727862417697906,
-0.0643125548... | The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer. In 2011, Matt Smith became the firs... | A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they belie... | In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was... | 1735 | 97,612 |
573099f42461fd1900a9cef8 | United_Methodist_Church | In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia. In less than two years, the "Holy Club" disbanded. John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected. He said "they appeared to be of one heart, as well as of one judgment, re... | In 1735, where did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel in America? | {
"answer_start": [
100,
96,
41
],
"text": [
"colony of Georgia",
"the colony of Georgia",
"America"
]
} | In [MASK], where did [MASK] and [MASK] teach the gospel in [MASK]? | [
0.41419968008995056,
0.2938167452812195,
-0.16654732823371887,
0.16839390993118286,
0.5710212588310242,
0.23071223497390747,
0.4391419291496277,
-0.003345722099766135,
-0.08343319594860077,
-0.2179901897907257,
-0.10449563711881638,
0.15103453397750854,
0.3427291810512543,
-0.2558898627758... | From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. As the field developed it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, ... | A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they belie... | Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism, to be memorised by the people themselves. The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional ... | colony of Georgia | 97,613 |
573099f42461fd1900a9cef9 | United_Methodist_Church | In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia. In less than two years, the "Holy Club" disbanded. John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected. He said "they appeared to be of one heart, as well as of one judgment, re... | In 1735, who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to in America? | {
"answer_start": [
76,
69,
76
],
"text": [
"American Indians",
"to the American Indians",
"American Indians"
]
} | In [MASK], who did [MASK] and [MASK] teach the gospel to in [MASK]? | [
0.43764594197273254,
0.3205764591693878,
-0.23792901635169983,
0.02141552045941353,
0.47507044672966003,
0.2855844795703888,
0.3290031850337982,
-0.11261143535375595,
0.03005250357091427,
-0.229066401720047,
-0.21748289465904236,
0.418110728263855,
0.20107415318489075,
-0.20611073076725006... | To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions r... | A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they belie... | Presbyterian denominations that trace their heritage to the British Isles usually organise their church services inspired by the principles in the Directory of Public Worship, developed by the Westminster Assembly in the 1640s. This directory documented Reformed worship practices and theology adopted and developed over... | American Indians | 97,614 |
573099f42461fd1900a9cefa | United_Methodist_Church | In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia. In less than two years, the "Holy Club" disbanded. John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected. He said "they appeared to be of one heart, as well as of one judgment, re... | What did "The Holy Club's" teachings emphasize? | {
"answer_start": [
629,
421,
629
],
"text": [
"salvation by God's grace",
"plain, old, Bible Christianity\"",
"salvation by God's grace"
]
} | What did "The Holy Club's" teachings emphasize? | [
0.4576721489429474,
0.35496026277542114,
-0.2380499243736267,
0.12824681401252747,
-0.01800735481083393,
-0.19377201795578003,
0.4561752378940582,
0.044838905334472656,
0.22154049575328827,
0.15645314753055573,
-0.07132326811552048,
0.18221502006053925,
-0.2968452274799347,
0.0342814065515... | These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like a violin (F-5 and A-5), or an oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings. Much variation exists between makers working from these archetypes, and other variants have become increasingly common. Generally, in the United States... | A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they belie... | The expansion of the order produced changes. A smaller emphasis on doctrinal activity favoured the development here and there of the ascetic and contemplative life and there sprang up, especially in Germany and Italy, the mystical movement with which the names of Meister Eckhart, Heinrich Suso, Johannes Tauler, and St.... | salvation by God's grace | 97,615 |
57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff | United_Methodist_Church | Though John Wesley originally wanted the Methodists to stay within the Church of England, the American Revolution decisively separated the Methodists in the American colonies from the life and sacraments of the Anglican Church. In 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send a bishop to start a ... | What caused the separation of the Methodists in the American colonies? | {
"answer_start": [
94,
90,
90
],
"text": [
"American Revolution",
"the American Revolution",
"the American Revolution"
]
} | What caused the separation of the [MASK] in the [MASK] colonies? | [
-0.08939911425113678,
-0.19201363623142242,
-0.33724308013916016,
0.08717012405395508,
0.2402123212814331,
0.1121712327003479,
0.10255605727434158,
-0.20500679314136505,
-0.4657038450241089,
0.036283787339925766,
-0.14038263261318207,
-0.12454158067703247,
-0.19215141236782074,
0.378132760... | After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han... | Throughout the 18th century, Enlightenment ideas of the power of reason and free will became widespread among Congregationalist ministers, putting those ministers and their congregations in tension with more traditionalist, Calvinist parties.:1–4 When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the p... | The success of the Counter-Reformation on the Continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further Protestant reform polarised the Elizabethan Age. The early Puritan movement was a movement for reform in the Church of England. The desire was for the Church of England to resemble more closely the Protestant ... | American Revolution | 97,616 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.