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572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1 | Scottish_Parliament | A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament is that Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland – whilst English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on th... | MPs representing English constituencies can only veto laws affecting which country? | {
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"England",
"England",
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} | MPs representing [MASK] constituencies can only veto laws affecting which country? | [
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572ff626947a6a140053ce8e | Islamism | Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a... | What is an Islamic revival movement? | {
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0.21353900432... | In 1964, Paul VI created a Secretariat for non-Christians, later renamed the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and a year later a new Secretariat (later Pontifical Council) for Dialogue with Non-Believers. This latter was in 1993 incorporated by Pope John Paul II in the Pontifical Council for Culture, whic... | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the ... | Muslim sects regarded as heretical, such as the Druze, Ismailis, Alevis, and Alawites, ranked below Jews and Christians. In 1514, Sultan Selim I, nicknamed "the Grim" because of his cruelty, ordered the massacre of 40,000 Anatolian Alevis (Qizilbash), whom he considered heretics, reportedly proclaiming that "the killin... | Islamism | 97,213 |
572ff626947a6a140053ce8f | Islamism | Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a... | What aspects of life does Islamism seek to integrate itself into? | {
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"all spheres of life.",
"all spheres of life",
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} | What aspects of life does [MASK] seek to integrate itself into? | [
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572ff626947a6a140053ce90 | Islamism | Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a... | What goal does Islamism have when it comes to society and government? | {
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} | What goal does Islamism have when it comes to society and government? | [
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572ff626947a6a140053ce91 | Islamism | Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a... | What have the two different Islamist movements been described as oscillating between? | {
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572ff626947a6a140053ce92 | Islamism | Islamism, also known as Political Islam (Arabic: إسلام سياسي islām siyāsī), is an Islamic revival movement often characterized by moral conservatism, literalism, and the attempt "to implement Islamic values in all spheres of life." Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a... | One strategy of Islamization is to seize power by what methods? | {
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} | [MASK] strategy of Islamization is to seize power by what methods? | [
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0.066471666... | No definite relation exists between the annual rings of growth and the amount of sapwood. Within the same species the cross-sectional area of the sapwood is very roughly proportional to the size of the crown of the tree. If the rings are narrow, more of them are required than where they are wide. As the tree gets large... | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the ... | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | revolution or invasion | 97,217 |
572ff760b2c2fd1400568677 | Islamism | Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist group... | What process do moderate and reformist Islamists work within the boundaries of? | {
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} | What process do moderate and reformist [MASK] work within the boundaries of? | [
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572ff760b2c2fd1400568678 | Islamism | Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist group... | Where does Hamas originate? | {
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} | Where does [MASK] originate? | [
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0.234957352280... | In the financial year ended 31 July 2013, Imperial had a total net income of £822.0 million (2011/12 – £765.2 million) and total expenditure of £754.9 million (2011/12 – £702.0 million). Key sources of income included £329.5 million from research grants and contracts (2011/12 – £313.9 million), £186.3 million from acad... | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | On the other hand, Orthodox Jews subscribing to Modern Orthodoxy in its American and UK incarnations, tend to be far more right-wing than both non-orthodox and other orthodox Jews. While the overwhelming majority of non-Orthodox American Jews are on average strongly liberal and supporters of the Democratic Party, the M... | Palestine | 97,219 |
572ff760b2c2fd1400568679 | Islamism | Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist group... | What is the goal of Islamist groups like Hezbollah and Hamas? | {
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456,
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"abolish the state of Israel",
"abolish the state of Israel",
"abolish the state of Israel"
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} | What is the goal of [MASK] groups like [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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572ff760b2c2fd140056867a | Islamism | Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist group... | What do radical Islamist organizations reject entirely? | {
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610,
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"democracy",
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} | What do radical [MASK] organizations reject entirely? | [
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0.16711944341... | An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions: | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria. In 2014, ... | democracy | 97,221 |
572ff760b2c2fd140056867b | Islamism | Moderate and reformist Islamists who accept and work within the democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement. Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan is basically a socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'état in past. The Islamist group... | On what basis do the radical Islamist organizations conduct their attacks? | {
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} | On what basis do the radical [MASK] organizations conduct their attacks? | [
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572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65 | Islamism | Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism un... | What exists between fundamentalist Islamism and reformist Islamism? | {
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} | What exists between fundamentalist Islamism and reformist Islamism? | [
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572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66 | Islamism | Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism un... | What did Olivier Roy state underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century? | {
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} | What did [MASK] state underwent a remarkable shift in [MASK]? | [
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572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67 | Islamism | Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism un... | What did the Salafi movement put emphasis on? | {
"answer_start": [
527,
527,
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"text": [
"sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,",
"sharia",
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} | What did the [MASK] movement put emphasis on? | [
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0.07707051... | Some forms of corruption – now called "institutional corruption" – are distinguished from bribery and other kinds of obvious personal gain. A similar problem of corruption arises in any institution that depends on financial support from people who have interests that may conflict with the primary purpose of the institu... | In 2007 the German professor Bassam Tibi suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws, while non-religious causes have also been raised, such as a lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II—d... | The path of violence and military struggle was then taken up by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who... | sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions, | 97,225 |
572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68 | Islamism | Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism un... | What has Islamism been increasingly interdependent with following the Arab Spring? | {
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0.08468991518... | Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed... | In 2007 the German professor Bassam Tibi suggested that the Rohingya conflict may be driven by an Islamist political agenda to impose religious laws, while non-religious causes have also been raised, such as a lingering resentment over the violence that occurred during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II—d... | These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims and the problem did not go away with Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process developed. Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among the... | democracy | 97,226 |
572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69 | Islamism | Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism un... | Why do Islamists need democratic elections? | {
"answer_start": [
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"to maintain their legitimacy",
"to maintain their legitimacy"
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} | Why do [MASK] need democratic elections? | [
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572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5 | Islamism | Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideolog... | What type of role that Islamism seeks makes it a somewhat controversial concept? | {
"answer_start": [
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65,
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"political",
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} | What type of role that Islamism seeks makes it a somewhat controversial concept? | [
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572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6 | Islamism | Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideolog... | What do supporters of Islamism believe their views reflect? | {
"answer_start": [
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0.18985743820667267... | Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns c... | In other contexts the term does not necessarily have pejorative overtones and may even be complimentary when used, in areas where innovation is welcome, of ideas that are in fundamental disagreement with the status quo in any practice and branch of knowledge. Scientist/author Isaac Asimov considered heresy as an abstra... | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | Islam | 97,229 |
572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7 | Islamism | Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideolog... | The idea that Islam can be apolitical isn't able to be embraced by whom? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"its supporters",
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"Islamism"
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} | The idea that [MASK] can be apolitical is n't able to be embraced by whom? | [
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572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8 | Islamism | Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideolog... | What does the inability to separate Islam from Islamism lead many in the West to support? | {
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"illiberal Islamic regimes",
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572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9 | Islamism | Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideolog... | What do progressive moderates of Islam seek to separate? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"religion from politics",
"religion from politics",
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572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f | Islamism | Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Gro... | What term do Islamists think should be applied to them? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | What term do [MASK] think should be applied to them? | [
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0.07011173665523529... | Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Lan... | In his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics "humanist anti-humanists". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own. Others, ... | Further claims were made that the Roman Catholic Church derives its doctrine from the Islamic teaching. In volume 5 of his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in 1788, Edward Gibbon wrote: "The Latin Church has not disdained to borrow from the Koran the immaculate conception of his virgin mother." That he w... | Muslims | 97,233 |
572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0 | Islamism | Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Gro... | What does a writer for the International Crisis Group think the concept of political Islam is a creation of? | {
"answer_start": [
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"Americans",
"Americans",
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} | What does a writer for [MASK] think the concept of political [MASK] is a creation of? | [
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0.02751674875617... | The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the... | In his book, Humanism (1997), Tony Davies calls these critics "humanist anti-humanists". Critics of antihumanism, most notably Jürgen Habermas, counter that while antihumanists may highlight humanism's failure to fulfil its emancipatory ideal, they do not offer an alternative emancipatory project of their own. Others, ... | While Qutb's ideas became increasingly radical during his imprisonment prior to his execution in 1966, the leadership of the Brotherhood, led by Hasan al-Hudaybi, remained moderate and interested in political negotiation and activism. Fringe or splinter movements inspired by the final writings of Qutb in the mid-1960s ... | Americans | 97,234 |
572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1 | Islamism | Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Gro... | What was apolitical Islam? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"a historical fluke",
"political Islam",
"historical fluke"
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} | What was apolitical [MASK]? | [
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572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2 | Islamism | Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Gro... | When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"between 1945 and 1970",
"between 1945 and 1970",
"between 1945 and 1970"
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} | When was the heyday of secular [MASK] nationalism? | [
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572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3 | Islamism | Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Gro... | What, rather than Islamism, requires explanation? | {
"answer_start": [
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589,
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],
"text": [
"non-political Islam",
"quietist/non-political Islam",
"quietist/non-political Islam"
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} | What, rather than [MASK], requires explanation? | [
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572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7 | Islamism | During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/commun... | What did some of the Islamist groups supported by the West later become to be seen as? | {
"answer_start": [
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170,
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"text": [
"dangerous enemies",
"dangerous enemies",
"dangerous enemies"
]
} | What did some of the [MASK] groups supported by the [MASK] later become to be seen as? | [
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0.2219288796... | Harvard operates several arts, cultural, and scientific museums. The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums. The Arthur M. Sackler Museum includes collections of ancient, Asian, Islamic and later Indian art, the Busch-Reisinger Museum, formerly the Germanic Museum, covers central and northern European art, and the... | In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs (specifically people of sub-Saharan African descent). Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the government, were widely referred to as practicing apartheid against ... | With the emergence of ISIL and its capture of large areas of Iraq and Syria, a number of crises resulted that sparked international attention. ISIL had perpetrated sectarian killings and war crimes in both Iraq and Syria. Gains made in the Iraq war were rolled back as Iraqi army units abandoned their posts. Cities were... | dangerous enemies | 97,238 |
572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6 | Islamism | During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/commun... | When did Western governments support fledgling Islamists? | {
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0,
7,
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"During the 1970s",
"the 1970s",
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} | When did [MASK] governments support fledgling [MASK]? | [
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572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea | Islamism | During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/commun... | What did the non-Afghan veterans returning home have in addition to their prestige? | {
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572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9 | Islamism | During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/commun... | Who did the US provide aid to, to fight against the Soviet Union? | {
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572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8 | Islamism | During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies. Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against—what were thought to be at the time—more dangerous leftist/commun... | Western governments considered Islamists to be the lesser of two evils when compared to whom? | {
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572ffc99947a6a140053cef6 | Islamism | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his strugg... | Who is the President of Egypt? | {
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572ffc99947a6a140053cef7 | Islamism | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his strugg... | What relationship with Israel is Sadat for? | {
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572ffc99947a6a140053cef8 | Islamism | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his strugg... | What was Sadat seeking by releasing Islamists from prison? | {
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572ffc99947a6a140053cef9 | Islamism | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his strugg... | When did the so called gentlemen's agreement between Sadat and the Islamists break down? | {
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572ffc99947a6a140053cefa | Islamism | Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his strugg... | How was Sadat rewarded by the Islamists for his attempts to bring Egypt into modern times and civilization? | {
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572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7 | Islamism | The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the ... | What type of interpretation of Islam does Salafism promote? | {
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572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8 | Islamism | The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the ... | What does Salafism in its harshest form encourage its followers to view the religion of others with? | {
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572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9 | Islamism | The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the ... | Salafism posits that democracy is responsible for what type of horrible events of the 20th century? | {
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} | Salafism posits that democracy is responsible for what type of horrible events of [MASK]? | [
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572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca | Islamism | The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the ... | Conservative Islam classifies Muslims who follow Shia interpretation as what? | {
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572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb | Islamism | The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism or Salafism. In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the ... | What interpretation of Islam is, for many of the adherents, the "gold standard" of their religion? | {
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572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef | Islamism | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | What type of movement is the Muslim Brotherhood? | {
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572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2 | Islamism | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | The Muslim Brotherhood's competence compares well against what type of local governments? | {
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"incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful",
"incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful governments",
"incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful"
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} | [MASK] competence compares well against what type of local governments? | [
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572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0 | Islamism | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | What type of assistance to out of town students is the Muslim Brotherhood known for? | {
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"housing",
"shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance",
"shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance"
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} | What type of assistance to out of town students is [MASK] known for? | [
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572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3 | Islamism | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | What are incompetent government's commitment to social justice limited to? | {
"answer_start": [
522,
522,
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"text": [
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric",
"rhetoric"
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} | What are incompetent government's commitment to social justice limited to? | [
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572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1 | Islamism | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | Why has the Muslim Brotherhood facilitated inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies? | {
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"text": [
"avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands",
"to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands",
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} | Why has [MASK] facilitated inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies? | [
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572ffee1947a6a140053cf14 | Islamism | While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen... | What was Iqbal studying in England and Germany? | {
"answer_start": [
15,
15,
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"law and philosophy",
"law and philosophy",
"law and philosophy"
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} | What was [MASK] studying in [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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572ffee1947a6a140053cf15 | Islamism | While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen... | What organization did Iqbal join in London? | {
"answer_start": [
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"the All India Muslim League",
"All India Muslim League",
"All India Muslim League"
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} | What organization did [MASK] join in [MASK]? | [
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572ffee1947a6a140053cf17 | Islamism | While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen... | Who was Iqbal a critic of? | {
"answer_start": [
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],
"text": [
"the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress",
"mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress",
"mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress"
]
} | Who was [MASK] a critic of? | [
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572ffee1947a6a140053cf16 | Islamism | While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen... | What year did Iqbal return to Lahore? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"1908",
"1908",
"1908"
]
} | What year did [MASK] return to [MASK]? | [
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572ffee1947a6a140053cf18 | Islamism | While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League. He came back to Lahore in 1908. While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League. He did not support Indian involvemen... | What book was Iqbal's seven English lectures published as? | {
"answer_start": [
639,
639,
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],
"text": [
"The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam",
"The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam",
"The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam"
]
} | What book was [MASK] 's [MASK] [MASK] lectures published as? | [
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572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9 | Islamism | Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted i... | What did Iqbal fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society? | {
"answer_start": [
42,
42,
42
],
"text": [
"secularism and secular nationalism",
"secularism and secular nationalism",
"secularism"
]
} | What did [MASK] fear would weaken the spiritual foundations of [MASK] and [MASK] society? | [
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572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa | Islamism | Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted i... | Iqbal worried that India's mostly Hindu population would do what to Muslim heritage and culture? | {
"answer_start": [
188,
188,
188
],
"text": [
"crowd out",
"crowd out Muslim heritage",
"crowd out"
]
} | [MASK] worried that [MASK] 's mostly [MASK] population would do what to [MASK] heritage and culture? | [
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572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb | Islamism | Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted i... | When Iqbal promoted ideas of greater Islamic political unity, what did he encourage ending? | {
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406,
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"text": [
"nationalist differences",
"nationalist differences",
"nationalist differences"
]
} | When [MASK] promoted ideas of greater [MASK] political unity, what did he encourage ending? | [
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572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc | Islamism | Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted i... | When was Iqbal elected president of the Muslim League? | {
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"text": [
"1930",
"1930",
"1930"
]
} | When was [MASK] elected president of [MASK]? | [
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572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd | Islamism | Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence. In his travels to Egypt, Afghanistan, Palestine and Syria, he promoted i... | What did Iqbal's Allahabad address inspire? | {
"answer_start": [
754,
750,
754
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"text": [
"Pakistan movement",
"the Pakistan movement",
"Pakistan movement"
]
} | What did [MASK] 's [MASK] address inspire? | [
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5730005db2c2fd1400568703 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Who was an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India? | {
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0,
0,
0
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"Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi",
"Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi",
"Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi"
]
} | Who was an important figure in the [MASK] [MASK] revival in [MASK]? | [
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5730005db2c2fd1400568704 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Maududi was trained as a lawyer, but chose what professional for himself instead? | {
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5730005db2c2fd1400568705 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | When did Maududi found the Jamaat-e-Islami party? | {
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5730005db2c2fd1400568706 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Where did Maududi exert the most impact? | {
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5730005db2c2fd1400568707 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Where did Maududi's books place Islam? | {
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57300137b2c2fd1400568717 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Who was an important early figure in the Islamic revival in India? | {
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57300137b2c2fd1400568718 | Islamism | Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded... | Though trained as a lawyer, what profession did Maududi pursue instead? | {
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57300200b2c2fd1400568729 | Islamism | Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolut... | What did Maududi believe Muslim society could not be Islamic in the absence of? | {
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57300200b2c2fd140056872a | Islamism | Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolut... | Maududi believed that Islam needed what to be established? | {
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57300200b2c2fd140056872b | Islamism | Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolut... | What is the English translation of tawhid? | {
"answer_start": [
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"unity of God",
"unity of God"
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} | What is the [MASK] translation of [MASK]? | [
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57300200b2c2fd140056872c | Islamism | Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolut... | What type of revolution did Maududi advocate? | {
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} | What type of revolution did [MASK] advocate? | [
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57300200b2c2fd140056872d | Islamism | Maududi also believed that Muslim society could not be Islamic without Sharia, and Islam required the establishment of an Islamic state. This state should be a "theo-democracy," based on the principles of: tawhid (unity of God), risala (prophethood) and khilafa (caliphate). Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolut... | By what method did Maududi want to change the hearts and minds of individuals? | {
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"an educational process or da'wah",
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} | By what method did [MASK] want to change the hearts and minds of individuals? | [
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5730035e04bcaa1900d77001 | Islamism | Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto "the Qur'an is our constitution," it sought Islamic revival through p... | When was the Muslim Brotherhood founded? | {
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"text": [
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} | When was [MASK] founded? | [
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5730035e04bcaa1900d77002 | Islamism | Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto "the Qur'an is our constitution," it sought Islamic revival through p... | Where was the Muslim Brotherhood founded? | {
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"text": [
"Ismailiyah, Egypt",
"Ismailiyah, Egypt",
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} | Where was [MASK] founded? | [
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5730035e04bcaa1900d77003 | Islamism | Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto "the Qur'an is our constitution," it sought Islamic revival through p... | Who founded the Muslim Brotherhood? | {
"answer_start": [
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"Hassan al Banna",
"Hassan al Banna"
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} | Who founded [MASK]? | [
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0.19859635... | While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, ... | On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com... | After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger,... | Hassan al Banna | 97,285 |
5730035e04bcaa1900d77004 | Islamism | Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto "the Qur'an is our constitution," it sought Islamic revival through p... | The motto of the Muslim Brotherhood specifies what as being their constitution? | {
"answer_start": [
252,
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"the Qur'an",
"the Qur'an",
"Qur'an"
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} | The motto of [MASK] specifies what as being their constitution? | [
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0.0947911739... | The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNE... | On 2 March 1979, the GPC announced the separation of government and revolution, the latter being represented by new Revolutionary Committees, who operated in tandem with the People's Committees in schools, universities, unions, the police force and the military. Dominated by revolutionary zealots, the Revolutionary Com... | Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; ... | the Qur'an | 97,286 |
5730035e04bcaa1900d77005 | Islamism | Roughly contemporaneous with Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah, Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al Banna. His was arguably the first, largest and most influential modern Islamic political/religious organization. Under the motto "the Qur'an is our constitution," it sought Islamic revival through p... | What influence did Al Banna wish to eliminate from the Muslim world? | {
"answer_start": [
572,
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"imperialist",
"imperialist influence",
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} | What influence did [MASK] wish to eliminate from the [MASK] world? | [
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5730040f947a6a140053cf4c | Islamism | Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt a... | Some elements of the Brotherhood directed what action against the government? | {
"answer_start": [
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5730040f947a6a140053cf4d | Islamism | Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt a... | When was Al-Banna assassinated? | {
"answer_start": [
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"1949",
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} | When was [MASK] assassinated? | [
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5730040f947a6a140053cf4e | Islamism | Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt a... | Who was Al-Banna's assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of? | {
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"Mahmud Fami Naqrashi",
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} | Who was [MASK] assassination a retaliation for the prior assassination of? | [
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5730040f947a6a140053cf4f | Islamism | Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt a... | When was the Brotherhood first banned in Egypt? | {
"answer_start": [
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"1948",
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} | When was the [MASK] [MASK] banned in [MASK]? | [
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5730040f947a6a140053cf50 | Islamism | Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders, did engage in violence against the government, and its founder Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi three months earlier. The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt a... | What Egyptian president jailed thousands of members of the Brotherhood? | {
"answer_start": [
435,
435,
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"text": [
"Gamal Abdul Nasser",
"Gamal Abdul Nasser",
"Gamal Abdul Nasser"
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} | What [MASK] president jailed [MASK] of members of the [MASK]? | [
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573004bf947a6a140053cf56 | Islamism | Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election... | What status has the Brotherhood obtained in the Islamic world? | {
"answer_start": [
56,
56,
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"text": [
"one of the most influential movements",
"one of the most influential movements",
"one of the most influential"
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} | What status has the [MASK] obtained in the [MASK] world? | [
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573004bf947a6a140053cf59 | Islamism | Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election... | What percentage of seats did political parties identifying as Islamist win in the Egyptian parliamentary election of 2011-2012? | {
"answer_start": [
488,
488,
488
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"text": [
"75% of the total seats",
"75%",
"75%"
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} | What percentage of seats did political parties identifying as [MASK] win in the [MASK] parliamentary election of [MASK]? | [
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573004bf947a6a140053cf57 | Islamism | Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election... | For many years, what was the Brotherhood described as? | {
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"\"semi-legal\"",
"semi-legal",
"semi-legal"
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} | For [MASK], what was the [MASK] described as? | [
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573004bf947a6a140053cf58 | Islamism | Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election... | The Brotherhood was the only opposition group in Egypt able to do what during elections? | {
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} | The [MASK] was the only opposition group in [MASK] able to do what during elections? | [
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573004bf947a6a140053cf5a | Islamism | Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election... | Who was the first democratically elected president of Egypt? | {
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"Mohamed Morsi",
"Mohamed Morsi"
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} | Who was the [MASK] democratically elected president of [MASK]? | [
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573005b9947a6a140053cf6a | Islamism | The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the popular... | What was the defeat of the Arab troops at the hand of the Israeli troops during the Six-Day War? | {
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"quick and decisive defeat",
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} | What was the defeat of the [MASK] troops at the hand of the [MASK] troops during [MASK]? | [
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573005b9947a6a140053cf6b | Islamism | The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the popular... | The defeat of the Arab troops in the Six-Day War constituted what for the Arab Muslim world? | {
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"text": [
"a pivotal event",
"a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world",
"pivotal event"
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} | The defeat of the [MASK] troops in [MASK] constituted what for the [MASK] [MASK] world? | [
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573005b9947a6a140053cf6c | Islamism | The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the popular... | Secular Arab nationalism was blamed for both the defeat of Arab troops as well as what type of stagnation? | {
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"economic",
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"economic"
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} | Secular [MASK] nationalism was blamed for both the defeat of [MASK] troops as well as what type of stagnation? | [
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573005b9947a6a140053cf6d | Islamism | The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the popular... | What happened to the credibility of secular politics as a result of the Six-Day War? | {
"answer_start": [
279,
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"A steep and steady decline",
"A steep and steady decline",
"steep and steady decline"
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} | What happened to the credibility of secular politics as a result of [MASK]? | [
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573005b9947a6a140053cf6e | Islamism | The quick and decisive defeat of the Arab troops during the Six-Day War by Israeli troops constituted a pivotal event in the Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes. A steep and steady decline in the popular... | What gained ground when Arab nationalism suffered? | {
"answer_start": [
482,
482,
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"text": [
"anti-democratic Islamist movements",
"anti-democratic Islamist movements inspired by Maududi and Sayyid Qutb",
"anti-democratic Islamist movements"
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} | What gained ground when [MASK] nationalism suffered? | [
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5730088e947a6a140053cfad | Islamism | The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet... | Mohammad Iqbal was what type of father to the State of Pakistan? | {
"answer_start": [
101,
101,
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"ideological",
"ideological",
"ideological"
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} | [MASK] was what type of father to the State of [MASK]? | [
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0.36389452219... | Subsequently, Plato and Aristotle produced the first systematic discussions of natural philosophy, which did much to shape later investigations of nature. Their development of deductive reasoning was of particular importance and usefulness to later scientific inquiry. Plato founded the Platonic Academy in 387 BC, whose... | Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Sovie... | Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su... | ideological | 97,303 |
5730088e947a6a140053cfac | Islamism | The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet... | Who was the ideologue of the Iranian Revolution? | {
"answer_start": [
13,
13,
13
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"Ali Shariati",
"Ali Shariati",
"Ali Shariati"
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} | Who was the ideologue of [MASK]? | [
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5730088e947a6a140053cfae | Islamism | The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet... | Where does Khomeini's beliefs fall as compared to Mawdudi and Qutb? | {
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"somewhere between",
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} | Where does [MASK] 's beliefs fall as compared to [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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5730088e947a6a140053cfaf | Islamism | The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet... | Who was it essential to Islam to imitate? | {
"answer_start": [
309,
313,
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"text": [
"the Prophet Mohammad",
"Prophet Mohammad and his successors",
"Prophet Mohammad"
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} | Who was it essential to [MASK] to imitate? | [
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5730088e947a6a140053cfb0 | Islamism | The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb. He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet... | What long term agenda was the acts of plundering Muslim lands by the West? | {
"answer_start": [
594,
434,
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"text": [
"conspiracy",
"Westernizing Muslims",
"conspiracy"
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} | What long term agenda was the acts of plundering [MASK] lands by the [MASK]? | [
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57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7 | Islamism | The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon... | What Republic has maintained its control of Iran? | {
"answer_start": [
4,
0,
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"Islamic",
"The Islamic Republic",
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} | What Republic has maintained its control of [MASK]? | [
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0.2353964596986... | During 1976, Queen played one of their most famous gigs, a free concert in Hyde Park, London. A concert organised by the entrepreneur Richard Branson, it set an attendance record with 150,000 people confirmed in the audience. On 1 December 1976, Queen were the intended guests on London's early evening Today programme, ... | Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims,... | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | Islamic | 97,308 |
57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9 | Islamism | The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon... | Iran has assisted what type of groups in Iraq? | {
"answer_start": [
142,
142,
142
],
"text": [
"Shia terrorist",
"Shia terrorist groups",
"Shia terrorist"
]
} | [MASK] has assisted what type of groups in [MASK]? | [
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57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8 | Islamism | The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon... | What type of sanctions has the US directed at Iran? | {
"answer_start": [
82,
82,
82
],
"text": [
"economic",
"economic",
"economic"
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} | What type of sanctions has the [MASK] directed at [MASK]? | [
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0.29125... | The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall. In 2008, a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School. T... | Another of the Egyptian groups which employed violence in their struggle for Islamic order was al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group). Victims of their campaign against the Egyptian state in the 1990s included the head of the counter-terrorism police (Major General Raouf Khayrat), a parliamentary speaker (Rifaat al-Mah... | In a major split in the ranks of Al Qaeda's organization, the Iraqi franchise, known as Al Qaeda in Iraq covertly invaded Syria and the Levant and began participating in the ongoing Syrian Civil War, gaining enough support and strength to re-invade Iraq's western provinces under the name of the Islamic State of Iraq an... | economic | 97,310 |
57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba | Islamism | The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon... | When did the Iranian government enjoy something of a resurgence? | {
"answer_start": [
290,
297,
301
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"text": [
"During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict",
"the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict",
"2006"
]
} | When did the [MASK] government enjoy something of a resurgence? | [
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57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb | Islamism | The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations). During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon... | Who stated he wanted Israel to vanish? | {
"answer_start": [
489,
489,
489
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"text": [
"President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad",
"President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad",
"President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad"
]
} | Who stated he wanted [MASK] to vanish? | [
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57300ec0947a6a140053d004 | Islamism | In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the wor... | Who deployed its army into Afghanistan in 1979? | {
"answer_start": [
9,
9,
13
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"text": [
"the Soviet Union",
"the Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
} | Who deployed its army into [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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57300ec0947a6a140053d005 | Islamism | In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan, attempting to suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime in the Afghan Civil War. The conflict, pitting indigenous impoverished Muslims (mujahideen) against an anti-religious superpower, galvanized thousands of Muslims around the wor... | What was the Soviet Union trying to suppress with its army? | {
"answer_start": [
90,
90,
93
],
"text": [
"an Islamic rebellion",
"an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime",
"Islamic rebellion"
]
} | What was [MASK] trying to suppress with its army? | [
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0.168934136629... | Adolescents can conceptualize multiple "possible selves" that they could become and long-term possibilities and consequences of their choices. Exploring these possibilities may result in abrupt changes in self-presentation as the adolescent chooses or rejects qualities and behaviors, trying to guide the actual self tow... | On 6 October 1973, as Jews were observing Yom Kippur, the Egyptian and Syrian armies launched a surprise attack against Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights, that opened the Yom Kippur War. The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered o... | On 1 March 1951 Mao sent a cable to Stalin, in which he emphasized the difficulties faced by Chinese forces and the urgent need for air cover, especially over supply lines. Apparently impressed by the Chinese war effort, Stalin finally agreed to supply two air force divisions, three anti-aircraft divisions, and six tho... | an Islamic rebellion | 97,314 |
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