id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 4.06k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | masked_query stringlengths 1 25.7k | query_embedding list | random_answer stringlengths 151 4.06k | similar_answer stringlengths 152 4.06k | similar_answer_v2 stringlengths 151 4.06k ⌀ | answer stringlengths 1 239 | __index_level_0__ int64 0 98.2k |
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572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52 | Rhine | The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names ... | How many main flows are branched off from the Nederrijn? | {
"answer_start": [
276,
276,
276
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"text": [
"three",
"three",
"three"
]
} | How many main flows are branched off from the [MASK]? | [
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0.214261502027... | European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to prescribe to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines and/or chords), tempo, meter and rhyth... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North ... | three | 96,912 |
572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53 | Rhine | The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names ... | What is the largest main branch of the Rhine? | {
"answer_start": [
381,
381,
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"text": [
"Waal",
"Waal",
"Waal"
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} | What is the largest main branch of the [MASK]? | [
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0.1963025331497... | Plague was reportedly first introduced to Europe via Genoese traders at the port city of Kaffa in the Crimea in 1347. After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants. The... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when... | Waal | 96,913 |
572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55 | Rhine | The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names ... | What is the translation of Oude Maas? | {
"answer_start": [
973,
973,
973
],
"text": [
"Old Meuse",
"Old Meuse",
"Old Meuse"
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} | What is the translation of [MASK]? | [
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572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54 | Rhine | The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names ... | What is the English translation of Het Scheur? | {
"answer_start": [
540,
540,
540
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"text": [
"the Rip",
"the Rip",
"the Rip"
]
} | What is the [MASK] translation of [MASK]? | [
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0.053241524... | On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that th... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally acce... | the Rip | 96,915 |
572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681 | Rhine | Before the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek. This system of numerous bays, estuary-like extended rivers, many islands and constant changes of the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From... | What flood impacted the Meuse? | {
"answer_start": [
11,
11,
11
],
"text": [
"St. Elizabeth's",
"St. Elizabeth's",
"St. Elizabeth's flood"
]
} | What flood impacted the [MASK]? | [
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0.1161909... | Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) would later point out that brokered deposits made up more than 37 percent of IndyMac's total deposits and ask the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) whether it had considered ordering IndyMac to reduce its reliance on these deposits. With $18.9 billion in total deposits reported... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | The rivers form lakes, such as Lake Geneva, a crescent shaped lake crossing the Swiss border with Lausanne on the Swiss side and the town of Evian-les-Bains on the French side. In Germany, the medieval St. Bartholomew's chapel was built on the south side of the Königssee, accessible only by boat or by climbing over the... | St. Elizabeth's | 96,916 |
572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682 | Rhine | Before the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek. This system of numerous bays, estuary-like extended rivers, many islands and constant changes of the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From... | What year did the flood that impacted the Meuse take place? | {
"answer_start": [
34,
34,
34
],
"text": [
"1421",
"1421",
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} | What year did the flood that impacted the [MASK] take place? | [
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0.23683486878... | Prevenient grace, or the grace that "goes before" us, is given to all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates us to seek a relationship with God through Jesus Christ. This grace is the present work of God to turn us from our sin-corrupted human will to the loving will of the Father. In this work... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North. Here the High Rhine ends. Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North ... | 1421 | 96,917 |
572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683 | Rhine | Before the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek. This system of numerous bays, estuary-like extended rivers, many islands and constant changes of the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From... | Where did the Meuse flow before the flood? | {
"answer_start": [
85,
85,
110
],
"text": [
"Merwede-Oude Maas",
"Merwede-Oude Maas",
"North Sea"
]
} | Where did the [MASK] flow before the flood? | [
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0.0843423381... | The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA ... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Merwede-Oude Maas | 96,918 |
572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685 | Rhine | Before the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek. This system of numerous bays, estuary-like extended rivers, many islands and constant changes of the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From... | When did the Meuse and Waal merge? | {
"answer_start": [
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316
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"text": [
"1421 to 1904",
"1421 to 1904",
"From 1421 to 1904"
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} | When did the Meuse and Waal merge? | [
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0.28813555... | Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) t... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also... | 1421 to 1904 | 96,919 |
572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684 | Rhine | Before the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea and formed an archipelago-like estuary with Waal and Lek. This system of numerous bays, estuary-like extended rivers, many islands and constant changes of the coastline, is hard to imagine today. From... | What did the Merwede-Oude Maas form with Waal and Lek? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"archipelago-like estuary",
"archipelago-like estuary",
"archipelago-like estuary"
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} | What did the Merwede- Oude Maas form with [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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0.29110738635063... | The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port f... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles). In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally acce... | archipelago-like estuary | 96,920 |
572ff890a23a5019007fcbce | Rhine | The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta ... | What do closed rivers serve as after they close? | {
"answer_start": [
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"drainage channels",
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} | What do closed rivers serve as after they close? | [
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0.173591151833534... | The British Mandate of Palestine, where an Arab majority lived alongside a Jewish minority, presented the British with a similar problem to that of India. The matter was complicated by large numbers of Jewish refugees seeking to be admitted to Palestine following the Holocaust, while Arabs were opposed to the creation ... | The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare. The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge, to an average of nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s), and provides more than a fifth of the discharge at... | drainage channels | 96,921 |
572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf | Rhine | The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta ... | What changed the Rhine's Delta? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"construction of Delta Works",
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} | What changed [MASK] Delta? | [
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0.26641109... | In addition to membership, as of 2010[update] there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world. The fan clubs promote Barcelona in their locality and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the highest social media followi... | The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC, the area... | construction of Delta Works | 96,922 |
572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd | Rhine | The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta ... | What is the term for closing off rivers that are no longer connected? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"dammed",
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} | What is the term for closing off rivers that are no longer connected? | [
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0.33460885286331... | Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the d... | The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | dammed | 96,923 |
572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0 | Rhine | The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams. Many rivers have been closed ("dammed") and now serve as drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta ... | When was the construction that changed the Rhine's Delta? | {
"answer_start": [
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327
],
"text": [
"20th Century",
"20th Century",
"second half of the 20th Century"
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} | When was the construction that changed [MASK] Delta? | [
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0.2285853922... | MIT raises funds from non-governmental organizations and individuals who support the mission and objectives of the Institute. Tigray Development Association, its supporters, and REST have provided the initial funds for the launching of the Institute. As a result of the unstinting efforts made by the Provisional Governi... | The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km). The river length is significantly shortened from the river's natural course due to number of canalisation proje... | 20th Century | 96,924 |
572ff935b2c2fd140056869b | Rhine | The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to... | What type of Delta is the Rhine-Meuse? | {
"answer_start": [
27,
27,
27
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"text": [
"tidal delta",
"tidal",
"tidal delta"
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} | What type of [MASK] is the Rhine- Meuse? | [
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0.03666631... | In the 19th century, musical institutions emerged from the control of wealthy patrons, as composers and musicians could construct lives independent of the nobility. Increasing interest in music by the growing middle classes throughout western Europe spurred the creation of organizations for the teaching, performance, a... | The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer (a former bay), while the Nederrijn carries approximately two ninths of the flow west along a route parallel to the... | Major European rivers flow from Switzerland, such as the Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po, all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries, finally emptying into the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Other rivers such as the Danube have m... | tidal delta | 96,925 |
572ff935b2c2fd140056869c | Rhine | The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to... | Besides rivers, what shapes the sedimentation of the rivers? | {
"answer_start": [
104,
104,
104
],
"text": [
"tidal currents",
"tidal currents",
"tidal currents"
]
} | Besides rivers, what shapes the sedimentation of the rivers? | [
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0.2561968... | Polytechnic schools are distinct from academic universities in Finland. Ammattikorkeakoulu is the common term in Finland, as is the Swedish alternative "yrkeshögskola" – their focus is on studies leading to a degree (for instance insinööri, engineer; in international use, Bachelor of Engineering) in kind different from... | The other third of the water flows through the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn. The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer (a former bay), while the Nederrijn carries approximately two ninths of the flow west along a route parallel to the... | The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing—runs a... | tidal currents | 96,926 |
572ff935b2c2fd140056869d | Rhine | The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to... | What does a high tide risk near lands? | {
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204,
104,
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],
"text": [
"tear huge areas of land into the sea.",
"tidal currents",
"tear huge areas of land into the sea"
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} | What does a high tide risk near lands? | [
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572ff935b2c2fd140056869e | Rhine | The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta, shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works, tidal influence was palpable up to... | Between Brakel and what other city can the most landward tidal influence be detected? | {
"answer_start": [
516,
516,
516
],
"text": [
"Zaltbommel",
"Zaltbommel",
"Zaltbommel"
]
} | Between [MASK] and what other city can the most landward tidal influence be detected? | [
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572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9 | Rhine | In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. At abou... | The present Mediterranean Sea descends from what sea? | {
"answer_start": [
301,
301,
301
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"text": [
"Tethys sea",
"Tethys",
"Tethys sea"
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} | The present [MASK] descends from what sea? | [
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0.1583947... | Jewish historians also note that certain customs of today's Orthodox are not continuations of past practice, but instead represent innovations that would have been unknown to prior generations. For example, the now-widespread haredi tradition of cutting a boy's hair for the first time on his third birthday (upshirin or... | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. T... | Tethys sea | 96,929 |
572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb | Rhine | In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. At abou... | What period did plates reverse directions to compress the Tethys floor? | {
"answer_start": [
338,
338,
338
],
"text": [
"Jurassic Period",
"Jurassic Period",
"Jurassic Period"
]
} | What period did plates reverse directions to compress the [MASK] floor? | [
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572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec | Rhine | In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. At abou... | Microplates squeezing and rotating created the features of what? | {
"answer_start": [
697,
697,
697
],
"text": [
"Mediterranean geography",
"Mediterranean geography",
"Mediterranean geography"
]
} | Microplates squeezing and rotating created the features of what? | [
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0.255255222320556... | Critics argue Napoleon's true legacy must reflect the loss of status for France and needless deaths brought by his rule: historian Victor Davis Hanson writes, "After all, the military record is unquestioned—17 years of wars, perhaps six million Europeans dead, France bankrupt, her overseas colonies lost." McLynn notes ... | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | In the 1960s, a series of discoveries, the most important of which was seafloor spreading, showed that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle, is separated into a number of tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which i... | Mediterranean geography | 96,931 |
572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea | Rhine | In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. At abou... | What period opened the Tethys Ocean? | {
"answer_start": [
68,
45,
45
],
"text": [
"Mesozoic Era",
"Triassic Period",
"Triassic Period"
]
} | What period opened [MASK]? | [
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0.3905860483... | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna... | Mesozoic Era | 96,932 |
572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed | Rhine | In southern Europe, the stage was set in the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean, between the Eurasian and African tectonic plates, between about 240 MBP and 220 MBP (million years before present). The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea. At abou... | What pushed up the Pyrenees? | {
"answer_start": [
722,
722,
722
],
"text": [
"Iberia",
"Iberia",
"Iberia"
]
} | What pushed up the [MASK]? | [
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572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7 | Rhine | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | What rift system developed in the Alpine orogeny? | {
"answer_start": [
61,
61,
61
],
"text": [
"N–S",
"N–S",
"N–S rift system"
]
} | What rift system developed in the [MASK] orogeny? | [
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572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8 | Rhine | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | What elements from the rift system in the Alpine orogeny in Southwest Germany? | {
"answer_start": [
141,
141,
141
],
"text": [
"Upper Rhine Graben",
"Upper Rhine Graben",
"Upper Rhine Graben"
]
} | What elements from the rift system in the [MASK] orogeny in [MASK]? | [
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572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9 | Rhine | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | What time did a river system develop in the Upper Rhine Graben? | {
"answer_start": [
306,
287,
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],
"text": [
"Miocene",
"By the time of the Miocene",
"time of the Miocene"
]
} | What time did a river system develop in [MASK]? | [
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572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba | Rhine | From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a riv... | The Rhine and what other river drained the northern flanks of the alps? | {
"answer_start": [
538,
538,
538
],
"text": [
"Danube",
"Danube",
"Danube"
]
} | The [MASK] and what other river drained the northern flanks of the alps? | [
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572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0 | Rhine | Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar. The northern Alps were then drained by the Rhone. By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its cur... | How did the Rhine extend watershed southward? | {
"answer_start": [
8,
8,
8
],
"text": [
"stream capture",
"stream capture",
"stream capture"
]
} | How did the [MASK] extend watershed southward? | [
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572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1 | Rhine | Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar. The northern Alps were then drained by the Rhone. By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its cur... | What period did the Rhine capture streams? | {
"answer_start": [
75,
75,
75
],
"text": [
"Pliocene period",
"Pliocene",
"Pliocene period"
]
} | What period did the [MASK] capture streams? | [
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0.037333801388... | The process of selectio resembles eclectic textual criticism, but applied to a restricted set of hypothetical hyparchetypes. The steps of examinatio and emendatio resemble copy-text editing. In fact, the other techniques can be seen as special cases of stemmatics in which a rigorous family history of the text cannot be... | A regulation of the Rhine was called for, with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fußach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta. The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake. Its wat... | The rivers form lakes, such as Lake Geneva, a crescent shaped lake crossing the Swiss border with Lausanne on the Swiss side and the town of Evian-les-Bains on the French side. In Germany, the medieval St. Bartholomew's chapel was built on the south side of the Königssee, accessible only by boat or by climbing over the... | Pliocene period | 96,939 |
572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2 | Rhine | Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar. The northern Alps were then drained by the Rhone. By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its cur... | Where are the streams the Rhine captured? | {
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572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15 | Rhine | Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course t... | What period was 2.5 million years ago? | {
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572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16 | Rhine | Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course t... | How many major ice ages have occurred? | {
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572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17 | Rhine | Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course t... | How far did the sea level drop in the ice ages? | {
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572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18 | Rhine | Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course t... | In early Pleistocene, what direction did the Rhine flow? | {
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572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19 | Rhine | Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course t... | During glacial times, where was the mouth of the Rhine located? | {
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572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5 | Rhine | The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the l... | When did the last glacial start? | {
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572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6 | Rhine | The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the l... | When did the last glacial end? | {
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572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7 | Rhine | The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the l... | Which direction did the Rhine flow during the last cold phase? | {
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} | Which direction did the [MASK] flow during the last cold phase? | [
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572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8 | Rhine | The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the l... | How much lower was the North Sea in the last cold phase than it is today? | {
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} | How much lower was [MASK] in the last cold phase than it is [MASK]? | [
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572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9 | Rhine | The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the l... | Besides the North Sea and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase? | {
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} | Besides [MASK] and [MASK], what else was lowered in the last cold phase? | [
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572fff45947a6a140053cf26 | Rhine | Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when... | What was the source of the Rhine in the last Ice Age? | {
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"text": [
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"a glacier"
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} | What was the source of the [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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572fff45947a6a140053cf27 | Rhine | Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when... | What stretched across middle Europe in the last ice age? | {
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} | What stretched across middle [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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572fff45947a6a140053cf28 | Rhine | Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when... | When was the Last Glacial Maximum? | {
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"text": [
"22,000–14,000 yr BP",
"22,000–14,000 yr BP",
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} | When was the Last Glacial Maximum? | [
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0.13298991... | One language, Interlingua, was developed so that the languages of Western civilization would act as its dialects. Drawing from such concepts as the international scientific vocabulary and Standard Average European, linguists[who?] developed a theory that the modern Western languages were actually dialects of a hidden o... | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | 22,000–14,000 yr BP | 96,953 |
572fff45947a6a140053cf29 | Rhine | Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when... | What covered Scandinavia, the Baltics, Scotland, and the Alps in the last Ice Age? | {
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"ice-sheets",
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572fff45947a6a140053cf2a | Rhine | Most of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age; although, its source must still have been a glacier. A tundra, with Ice Age flora and fauna, stretched across middle Europe, from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. Such was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca. 22,000–14,000 yr BP, when... | What is the term for wind-blown dust in a tundra? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"loess",
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0.39563500881... | Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by cultural relativism, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of... | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg. Duisburg is the home o... | loess | 96,955 |
572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef | Rhine | As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo... | When did Europe slowly begin to warm up from the last Ice Age? | {
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"22,000 years ago",
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} | When did [MASK] slowly begin to warm up from [MASK]? | [
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572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0 | Rhine | As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo... | What did frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers begin to do? | {
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572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1 | Rhine | As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo... | Where did the discharge from glaciers go in Europe in the last Ice Age? | {
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572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2 | Rhine | As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo... | When did rapid warming begin and help vegetation? | {
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"13,000 BP",
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} | When did rapid warming begin and help vegetation? | [
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572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3 | Rhine | As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo... | When was Europe fully forested and recovered from the last Ice Age? | {
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"9000 BP",
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} | When was [MASK] fully forested and recovered from [MASK]? | [
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573003dd947a6a140053cf42 | Rhine | Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed. Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same l... | When did tides and currents similar to our current system begin? | {
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"7500 yr ago",
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} | When did tides and currents similar to our current system begin? | [
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573003dd947a6a140053cf43 | Rhine | Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed. Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same l... | Why did natural sedimentation by the Rhine compensate the transgression bby the sea? | {
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"text": [
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} | Why did natural sedimentation by the [MASK] compensate the transgression bby the sea? | [
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573003dd947a6a140053cf44 | Rhine | Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed. Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same l... | How long has the Rhine coastline been in the same location? | {
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} | How long has the [MASK] coastline been in the same location? | [
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573003dd947a6a140053cf45 | Rhine | Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed. Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same l... | Why is the current sea level rising? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"tectonic subsidence",
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} | Why is the current sea level rising? | [
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573003dd947a6a140053cf46 | Rhine | Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed. Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same l... | How quickly is the sea level rising? | {
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} | How quickly is the sea level rising? | [
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5730042804bcaa1900d77011 | Rhine | At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley. As a meandering river, it reworked its ice-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectoni... | When was the Holocene? | {
"answer_start": [
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30
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"text": [
"11,700 years ago",
"~11,700 years ago",
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} | When was [MASK]? | [
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5730042804bcaa1900d77014 | Rhine | At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley. As a meandering river, it reworked its ice-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectoni... | When did the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta begin? | {
"answer_start": [
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"8,000 years ago",
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} | When did the formation of the Holocene [MASK] delta begin? | [
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0.244226083... | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | About 10,000 years ago, when the ice melted after the last glacial period, late Paleolithic communities were established along the lake shores and in cave systems. Evidence of human habitation has been found in caves near Vercors, close to Grenoble; in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses built on piles... | As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension. Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began abo... | 8,000 years ago | 96,967 |
5730042804bcaa1900d77012 | Rhine | At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley. As a meandering river, it reworked its ice-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectoni... | Where did the Rhine occupy during the Holocene? | {
"answer_start": [
73,
73,
73
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"text": [
"Late-Glacial valley",
"Late-Glacial valley",
"Late-Glacial valley"
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} | Where did the [MASK] occupy during [MASK]? | [
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5730042804bcaa1900d77013 | Rhine | At the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago), the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley. As a meandering river, it reworked its ice-age braidplain. As sea-level continued to rise in the Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago). Coeval absolute sea-level rise and tectoni... | What country did the Rhine continue to rise during the holocene? | {
"answer_start": [
191,
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"Netherlands",
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"Netherlands"
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} | What country did the [MASK] continue to rise during [MASK]? | [
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0.12971238791... | Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station, which serves as a major intermodal transportation hub, and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which serve New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston.... | About 10,000 years ago, when the ice melted after the last glacial period, late Paleolithic communities were established along the lake shores and in cave systems. Evidence of human habitation has been found in caves near Vercors, close to Grenoble; in Austria the Mondsee culture shows evidence of houses built on piles... | During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basi... | Netherlands | 96,969 |
57300580b2c2fd140056874d | Rhine | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | When have humans started impacting the delta? | {
"answer_start": [
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6,
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"3000 yr BP",
"~3000 yr BP",
"~3000 yr BP"
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} | When have humans started impacting the delta? | [
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57300580b2c2fd140056874f | Rhine | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | What has increased sediment and delta growth also produced in the Rhine? | {
"answer_start": [
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"increased flooding and sedimentation",
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} | What has increased sediment and delta growth also produced in the [MASK]? | [
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57300580b2c2fd140056874e | Rhine | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | What increased in the Rhine because of the land clearance in the upland areas? | {
"answer_start": [
189,
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189
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"sediment load",
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} | What increased in the [MASK] because of the land clearance in the upland areas? | [
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57300580b2c2fd1400568751 | Rhine | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | When did embankment of the major Rhine distributaries take palce? | {
"answer_start": [
805,
805,
805
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"text": [
"11–13th century",
"11–13th century AD",
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} | When did embankment of the major [MASK] distributaries take palce? | [
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0.14817827939... | The Ministers and Chiefs of the Defence Staff are supported by a number of civilian, scientific and professional military advisors. The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence (generally known as the Permanent Secretary) is the senior civil servant at the MoD. His or her role is to ensure the MoD operates effect... | Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten showing that it was one of the main trading ports of the country at that time. An unidentified settlement named 'TAMARI OSTIA' (mo... | The last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the l... | 11–13th century | 96,973 |
57300580b2c2fd1400568750 | Rhine | Since ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present), human impact is seen in the delta. As a result of increasing land clearance (Bronze Age agriculture), in the upland areas (central Germany), the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up. This caused increased flooding and sedimentation, e... | How many avulsions have occurred in the past 6000 yeas? | {
"answer_start": [
552,
552,
552
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"80",
"80",
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} | How many avulsions have occurred in [MASK]? | [
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5730069004bcaa1900d7702d | Rhine | At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among... | Where do the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to? | {
"answer_start": [
65,
65,
65,
65
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"text": [
"North Sea",
"North Sea",
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} | Where do the branches [MASK] and [MASK] discharge to? | [
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5730069004bcaa1900d7702e | Rhine | At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among... | What do the Waal and the Nederrijn-Lek discharge throguh? | {
"answer_start": [
95,
95,
95,
95
],
"text": [
"Meuse estuary",
"Meuse estuary",
"Meuse estuary",
"Meuse estuary"
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} | What do the [MASK] and the Nederrijn- Lek discharge throguh? | [
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0.131446510553359... | Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. Fly fishing for several species of native and introduced trout in rivers and lakes is popular for both residents and tourists throughout the state. Montana is the home of the Federation of Fly Fishers and hosts many of the organizations... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward. By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down to the Vosges Mountains, including the Mosel, the Main and the Neckar. The northern Alps were then drained by the Rhone. By the early Pleistocene period, the Rhine had captured most of its cur... | Meuse estuary | 96,976 |
5730069004bcaa1900d7702f | Rhine | At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among... | Where does the Ijssel branch flow? | {
"answer_start": [
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184,
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184
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"text": [
"IJsselmeer",
"IJsselmeer",
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} | Where does the [MASK] branch flow? | [
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0.06959788501... | One major difference between Baroque music and the classical era that followed it is that the types of instruments used in ensembles were much less standardized. Whereas a classical era string quartet consists almost exclusively of two violins, a viola and a cello, a Baroque group accompanying a soloist or opera could ... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | IJsselmeer | 96,977 |
5730069004bcaa1900d77030 | Rhine | At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among... | What did the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon change into? | {
"answer_start": [
260,
260,
260,
260
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"text": [
"freshwater lake",
"freshwater lake",
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} | What did the [MASK] brackish lagoon change into? | [
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0.33430546522140... | The meaning and origin of many archaic festivals baffled even Rome's intellectual elite, but the more obscure they were, the greater the opportunity for reinvention and reinterpretation — a fact lost neither on Augustus in his program of religious reform, which often cloaked autocratic innovation, nor on his only rival... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized, in particular the agglomerations Cologne, Düsseldorf and Ruhr area. Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany, the Rhine-Ruhr region. One of the most important cities in this region is... | freshwater lake | 96,978 |
5730069004bcaa1900d77031 | Rhine | At present, the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea, through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam. The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish lagoon; however, since 1932, a freshwater lake. The discharge of the Rhine is divided among... | How many branches does the Rhine branch into? | {
"answer_start": [
321,
321,
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321
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"text": [
"three",
"three",
"three",
"three"
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} | How many branches does the [MASK] branch into? | [
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0.0819849073886871... | A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to ... | Near Tamins-Reichenau the Anterior Rhine and the Posterior Rhine join and form the Rhine. The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur. This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal)... | The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also... | three | 96,979 |
57300761947a6a140053cf9a | Rhine | The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC, the area... | When was the Rhine first discovered? | {
"answer_start": [
83,
83,
83
],
"text": [
"1st century BC",
"1st century BC",
"1st century BC"
]
} | When was the [MASK] first discovered? | [
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0.1610039323... | On 29 October 1956, Israeli forces crossed the Sinai Peninsula, overwhelmed Egyptian army posts, and quickly advanced to their objectives. Two days later, British and French planes bombarded Egyptian airfields in the canal zone. Nasser ordered the military's high command to withdraw the Egyptian Army from Sinai to bols... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne, Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the federation. By 1460, the confederates contr... | 1st century BC | 96,980 |
57300761947a6a140053cf9b | Rhine | The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC, the area... | The Rhine first formed a boundary between Gaul and what else? | {
"answer_start": [
176,
176,
176
],
"text": [
"Germania",
"Germania",
"Germania"
]
} | The [MASK] [MASK] formed a boundary between [MASK] and what else? | [
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0.21055990457... | Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City. Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County r... | The Rhine (Romansh: Rein, German: Rhein, French: le Rhin, Dutch: Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein border, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and even... | Between the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at least until the last... | Germania | 96,981 |
57300761947a6a140053cf9c | Rhine | The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC, the area... | Since when was the Rhine part of the areal of Hallstatt culture? | {
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269,
269,
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"6th century BC",
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57300761947a6a140053cf9d | Rhine | The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography. At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania. The Upper Rhine had been part of the areal of the late Hallstatt culture since the 6th century BC, and by the 1st century BC, the area... | Who first wrote about the Rhine's discovery and border? | {
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573007fab2c2fd140056876b | Rhine | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | When did Augustus die? | {
"answer_start": [
30,
30,
30
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"AD 14",
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573007fab2c2fd140056876c | Rhine | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | The Rhine and what other river were accepted as the Germanic frontier? | {
"answer_start": [
136,
130,
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"text": [
"Danube",
"upper Danube",
"upper Danube"
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} | The [MASK] and what other river were accepted as the [MASK] frontier? | [
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573007fab2c2fd140056876d | Rhine | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | When did the Rhine stop being the Roman boundary? | {
"answer_start": [
455,
449,
449
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"the empire fell",
"until the empire fell",
"until the empire fell"
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} | When did the [MASK] stop being the [MASK] boundary? | [
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573007fab2c2fd140056876f | Rhine | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | Which direction did Romans use to drift through the Rhine? | {
"answer_start": [
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"text": [
"eastwards",
"eastwards",
"eastwards"
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} | Which direction did [MASK] use to drift through the [MASK]? | [
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573007fab2c2fd140056876e | Rhine | From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70, Rome accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube. Beyond these rivers she held only the fertile plain of Frankfurt, opposite the Roman border fortress of Moguntiacum (Mainz), the southernmost slopes of the Black Forest and a f... | Where are the upper Rhine and upper Danube crossed? | {
"answer_start": [
476,
664
],
"text": [
"southern",
"between the modern Baden and Württemberg"
]
} | Where are the upper [MASK] and upper [MASK] crossed? | [
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57300888b2c2fd1400568775 | Rhine | The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | How many legions in five bases were along the Rhine by the Romans? | {
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16,
16,
16
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"eight",
"eight",
"eight"
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} | How many legions in [MASK] bases were along the [MASK] by the [MASK]? | [
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57300888b2c2fd1400568777 | Rhine | The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | Vetra and I Germanica and XX Valeria were the two legions for what? | {
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254,
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} | [MASK] and I Germanica and [MASK] were the [MASK] legions for what? | [
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57300888b2c2fd1400568778 | Rhine | The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | What was the Colonia Agrippina's original name? | {
"answer_start": [
383,
375,
375
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"text": [
"Ubiorum",
"oppidum Ubiorum",
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]
} | What was the Colonia Agrippina's original name? | [
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57300888b2c2fd1400568776 | Rhine | The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | What did the number of legions in Roman times depend on? | {
"answer_start": [
152,
133,
133
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"text": [
"threat of war",
"whether a state or threat of war existed",
"whether a state or threat of war existed"
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} | What did the number of legions in [MASK] times depend on? | [
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57300888b2c2fd1400568779 | Rhine | The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine. The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed. Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germa... | What does Colonia Agrippina's original name translate into? | {
"answer_start": [
393,
393,
393
],
"text": [
"town of the Ubii",
"town of the Ubii",
"town of the Ubii"
]
} | What does [MASK] original name translate into? | [
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57300911947a6a140053cfb6 | Rhine | Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried kil... | When did Germanic tribes cross the Rhine to migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
66,
41,
66
],
"text": [
"5th century",
"Migration period",
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]
} | When did [MASK] tribes cross the [MASK] to migrate? | [
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57300911947a6a140053cfb7 | Rhine | Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried kil... | What did Germanic tribes establish with help from the Rhine? | {
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95,
95,
95
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"text": [
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} | What did [MASK] tribes establish with help from the [MASK]? | [
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0.121063970029... | In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north: | Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages. Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have occurred, in which sea level dropped 120 m (390 ft) and much of the continental margins became exposed. In the Early Pleistocene, the Rhine followed a course t... | No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artis... | kingdoms | 96,995 |
57300911947a6a140053cfb8 | Rhine | Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried kil... | What is the translation of Siebengebirge? | {
"answer_start": [
371,
371,
371
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"text": [
"dragons rock",
"dragons rock",
"dragons rock"
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} | What is the translation of [MASK]? | [
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57300911947a6a140053cfb9 | Rhine | Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried kil... | Who is the hero who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels? | {
"answer_start": [
307,
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307
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"Siegfried",
"Siegfried",
"Siegfried"
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} | Who is the hero who killed a dragon on the [MASK]? | [
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57300911947a6a140053cfba | Rhine | Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine. This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried kil... | Who threw gold into the Rhine, according to legend? | {
"answer_start": [
540,
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540
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"text": [
"Hagen",
"Hagen",
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} | Who threw gold into the [MASK], according to legend? | [
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573009a004bcaa1900d7704f | Rhine | By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell ... | When did the Rhine become borders with Francia? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | When did the [MASK] become borders with [MASK]? | [
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573009a004bcaa1900d77050 | Rhine | By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell ... | When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire? | {
"answer_start": [
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} | When was the [MASK] fully within [MASK]? | [
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573009a004bcaa1900d77051 | Rhine | By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell ... | The Rhine flowed through Swabia, Franconia and what other location in the 10th Century? | {
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} | The [MASK] flowed through [MASK], [MASK] and what other location in [MASK]? | [
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573009a004bcaa1900d77052 | Rhine | By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell ... | Who sold the Upper Rhine to Burgundy? | {
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659,
659,
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573009a004bcaa1900d77053 | Rhine | By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine. The mouths of the Rhine, in the county of Holland, fell ... | When was the Upper Rhine sold to Burgundy? | {
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} | When was [MASK] sold to [MASK]? | [
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57300a25a23a5019007fcc97 | Rhine | Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and N... | What was the name of the time the Upper Rhine form a border between France and Germany? | {
"answer_start": [
10,
10,
10
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} | What was the name of the time [MASK] form a border between [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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57300a25a23a5019007fcc98 | Rhine | Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and N... | What was a long term goal of French foreign policy along the Rhine? | {
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103,
103,
103
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} | What was a long term goal of [MASK] foreign policy along the [MASK]? | [
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57300a25a23a5019007fcc99 | Rhine | Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and N... | Who established the Confederation of the Rhine? | {
"answer_start": [
461,
461,
461
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"text": [
"Napoleon",
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} | Who established [MASK]? | [
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57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a | Rhine | Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and N... | When was the confederation of the Rhine? | {
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500
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"1806",
"1806",
"1806"
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} | When was the confederation of the Rhine? | [
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57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b | Rhine | Since the Peace of Westphalia, the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany. Establishing "natural borders" on the Rhine was a long-term goal of French foreign policy, since the Middle Ages, though the language border was – and is – far more to the west. French leaders, such as Louis XIV and N... | When was the Rhine crisis? | {
"answer_start": [
647,
647,
647
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"text": [
"1840",
"1840",
"1840"
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} | When was the Rhine crisis? | [
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57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063 | Rhine | At the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles. This decreed that it would be occupied by the allies, until 1935 and after that, it would be a demilitarised zone, with the German army forbidden to enter. The Treaty of Versailles and this particular provision, in general, caused much re... | When was Rhineland subject to the Treaty of Versailles? | {
"answer_start": [
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7,
7
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"text": [
"end of World War I",
"end of World War I",
"end of World War I"
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} | When was [MASK] subject to [MASK]? | [
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0.08262147754... | In 1997, the Vienna Philharmonic was "facing protests during a [US] tour" by the National Organization for Women and the International Alliance for Women in Music. Finally, "after being held up to increasing ridicule even in socially conservative Austria, members of the orchestra gathered [on 28 February 1997] in an ex... | The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets an... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | end of World War I | 97,009 |
57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064 | Rhine | At the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles. This decreed that it would be occupied by the allies, until 1935 and after that, it would be a demilitarised zone, with the German army forbidden to enter. The Treaty of Versailles and this particular provision, in general, caused much re... | When would the occupation of allies leave Rhineland? | {
"answer_start": [
142,
434,
142
],
"text": [
"1935",
"1930",
"1935"
]
} | When would the occupation of allies leave [MASK]? | [
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0.138030216... | Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago. Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou. In 1999 Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage... | The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets an... | The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy... | 1935 | 97,010 |
57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065 | Rhine | At the end of World War I, the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles. This decreed that it would be occupied by the allies, until 1935 and after that, it would be a demilitarised zone, with the German army forbidden to enter. The Treaty of Versailles and this particular provision, in general, caused much re... | After 1935, who would be forbidden to enter Rhineland? | {
"answer_start": [
206,
206,
206
],
"text": [
"German army",
"German army",
"German army"
]
} | After [MASK], who would be forbidden to enter [MASK]? | [
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-0.011613976210... | Santa Monica is featured in the video games True Crime: Streets of LA (2003), Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines (2004), Grand Theft Auto San Andreas (2004) as a fictional district - Santa Maria Beach, Destroy All Humans! (2004), Tony Hawk's American Wasteland (2005), L.A. Rush (2005), Midnight Club: Los Angeles (200... | The Germans launched a surprise counter offensive, in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944, which the Allies turned back in early 1945 after Eisenhower repositioned his armies and improved weather allowed the Air Force to engage. German defenses continued to deteriorate on both the eastern front with the Soviets an... | On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (bor... | German army | 97,011 |
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