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http://adventuresintheprinttrade.blogspot.com/2007/10/merdre.html

Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuzé

["Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nThe savage satirical comedy Ubu Roi was written by Alfred Jarry, and first performed as a puppet show for his schoolfriends in 1888, when Jarry was just 15. The coarse, inept, vicious tyrant Ubu is based, it is said, on his physics teacher. The first public staging, which caused outrage with its very first word, P\u00e8re Ubu\u2019s scatological neologism \u201cMerdre\u201d, was not until 1896", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nIt only lasted for two nights (the only non-puppet productions Jarry ever saw), but the ensuing controversy made his name, and ensured his legacy: the whole of the Theatre of the Absurd stems from Jarry\u2019s violent knockabout farce. Jarry was an important and influential figure in artistic Montmartre through the 1890s until his death in 1907 at the age of 34", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nThe P\u00e8re Ubu cycle exercised a magnetic pull on many artists, and was illustrated by Pierre Bonnard, Georges Rouault, Jean Puy, and Joan Mir\u00f3, as well as by Jarry himself.", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nI have a set of exuberant colour lithographs for Ubu Roi by a less well-known but fascinating artist, Edmond Heuz\u00e9 (1884-1967). They date from 1947.", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nHeuz\u00e9 was the perfect choice to illustrate this most seminal of Montmartre texts. His real name was Am\u00e9d\u00e9e Le Trouv\u00e9. He was born in Paris, the son of a tailor and a seamstress. Heuz\u00e9 wanted to be an artist from early childhood, and refused to follow his father into the tailoring profession. When he was 11, His parents moved to Montmartre, and it was there, in rue Cortot, that the thirteen-year-old Edmond Heuz\u00e9 and his boyhood friend Andr\u00e9 Utter met Suzanne Valadon, whom Utter would later marry", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nHeuz\u00e9 moved into an attic room in 8, rue Cortot, with another friend, the young Russian sculptor Laxine. For two years they studied under Valadon, until Laxine entered the atelier of Fernand Cormon at the Beaux-Arts; Laxine was soon to kill himself. Edmond Heuz\u00e9 too studied under Cormon, but flounced out when Cormon made fun of his large nose; ironically, an oversized hooter is also one of P\u00e8re Ubu\u2019s distinguishing features.", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nDiscouraged, Heuz\u00e9 took up a tailoring job at the department store La Samaritaine. But when his portrait of Suzanne Valadon was accepted by the 1902 Salon d\u2019Automne, he resolved to devote himself to art. To support himself, Heuz\u00e9 took a job as a dancer at the Moulin Rouge, where he danced with La Goulue. For two years he entered dance competitions across Europe under the name Williams. He also taught the painter Maurice Utrillo, who was the son of Suzanne Valadon", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nIn 1908, Heuz\u00e9 had his first solo exhibition, at the galerie Berthe Weill. The following year he went to Saint Petersburg, where he was the curator of the art collection of Grand Duke Nicolas. On the outbreak of WWI Edmond Heuz\u00e9 returned to Paris to join up, but was only mobilized for a few months. In Paris he survived doing odd jobs in Les Halles. Continuing with his own art, Heuz\u00e9 also acted as an intermediary between collectors and artists such as Picasso, Vlaminck, and Valadon", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nThis led to Heuz\u00e9 being appointed artistic director of the galerie Sagot in rue Lafitte. In 1920 Heuz\u00e9 exhibited at Bernheim alongside Maurice Asselin, Emily Charmy, and Lucien Mainssieux.", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nIn 1923 an exhibition of paintings of filles de joie at the galerie Chiron finally made his name, and enabled him to live on the proceeds of his art. From this time Heuz\u00e9 made the world of the circus a primary focus of his art; though he also painted portraits and views of Paris. He took over the former studio of Andr\u00e9 Utter at 38 rue Ramsey, above the caf\u00e9 \u00c0 la Belotte", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nHere he had an open teaching studio, becoming influential in the between-the-wars \u00c9cole de Paris, alongside now-more-famous figures such as Jules Pascin and Chaim Soutine. Heuz\u00e9 won the Prix Paul Guillaume in 1938. In 1948 he was admitted to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France, to be joined the following year by his friend Jean-Gabriel Domergue; the two shocked the staid members of the Institut by their Bohemian ways", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nNevertheless in 1951 Edmond Heuz\u00e9 was appointed as Professor of Portraiture at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, a post that had lain vacant since the death of L\u00e9on Bonnat.", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nEdmond Heuz\u00e9 remained a true Bohemian till the end: Time Magazine, reporting in 1956 on the new popularity of striptease in Paris, where the International Amateur Striptease Contest was being staged, interviewed an enthusiastic Edmond Heuz\u00e9: \"\u2019I support the striptease out of admiration for female loveliness and respect for human dignity,\u2019 boomed 73-year-old Professor Edmond Heuz\u00e9, of the Beaux Arts Academy.\" Heuz\u00e9 exhibited at the Wildenstein Gallery, London, in 1963, at the age of 80", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nUbu Roi, by the way, wasn\u2019t the only play of its kind in fin-de-si\u00e8cle Paris. The nightclub Le Chat Noir, for instance, staged absurdist satirical skits by the artist Henry Somm, starting with The Elephant in 1886, that prefigure the work of Jarry. Somm may in turn have got the idea for such playlets from the short play Une Maison de Fous by Richard Lesclide which he illustrated with orginal etchings in 1876 for the journal Paris \u00e0 l\u2019eau-forte", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nHenry Somm was a key figure in Japonisme, and associated with the Impressionists. He was born in 1844, 19 years Jarry\u2019s senior; both men died in 1907. Somm\u2019s full name was Fran\u00e7ois-Cl\u00e9ment Sommier.", "Merdre: The Savage Satirical Comedy of Ubu Roi and the Art of Edmond Heuz\u00e9\nHenry Somm, Le Po\u00e8te\nPosted by Neil at 11:01\u202fAM\nLabels: Alfred Jarry, Edmond Heuze, Ubu Roi\nThe man who forgot to die\nA lifelong grudge\nThe back of an artist\nThe three-year pose\nBeing and knowing\nThe mystery of Denis Volx\nEx-pats on the razzle\nTragic nights of Paris\nI once was blind but now I see\nHey, Mr. Spaceman\nA duck, a cat, a flower, and a hanged man"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.thisisgettingold.net/2010/03/henrik-or-bust.html

Henrik Zetterberg Leads Detroit Past Pittsburgh

["Henrik Zetterberg Leads Detroit Past Pittsburgh\nThe Detroit Red Wings defeated the Pittsburgh Penguins 3-1 at Joe Louis Arena Monday night led by a 3 point night from Henrik Zetterberg. Zetterberg had two goals and an assist, making him a part of every Detroit point scored in the game. Detroit's first goal was scored by Valtteri Filppula with less than 1 minute remaining in the first, and the Pens could not overcome that momentum surge for the rest of the game. Zetterberg would get his first of two midway through the second beating Fleury on a backhand", "Henrik Zetterberg Leads Detroit Past Pittsburgh\nThe Pens appeared to be coming back, however, as Pascal Dupuis shot a puck on net which featured much movement by Chris Kunitz to screen the goalie. (The goal was initially credited to Kunitz, but it was later changed to Dupuis) Regardless who scored it, it put the Pens within one at the second intermission. The Red Wings would come out strong to start the third, as Zetterberg again beat Fleury this time on a long wrist shot", "Henrik Zetterberg Leads Detroit Past Pittsburgh\nDetroit then settled down and was content to play defense against the Pens to preserve their win. The Pens had trouble generating any sort of attack throughout the game, as many of their 27 shots were off balance or from bad shooting areas. Detroit's Jimmy Howard also made several good saves to deny the Pens. Despite the loss, it was still a strong performance from Marc-Andre Fleury, who made 30 saves after receiving very little support from the rest of his defense"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://ambiancetiffany.fr/var/site/que-symbolise-hercule-307cce

What does Hercules symbolize?

["What does Hercules symbolize?\n17 Nov 2020. He then went on an expedition to Troy which, with the help of other heroes, he conquered (long before the Trojan War) and then became involved in a war with the Titans of Sicily. Even though he was able to accomplish great deeds, this did not make him immune to those disappointments and dark times that are a part of the human experience. Mark, Joshua J. To bring back Cerberus, the guard dog of the underworld. Famous as much for his magnificent moustaches as his little grey cells", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nIt was created for HW group internal use only, but today it's includes many functions in one utility and it's Freeware! Parmi les exploits d'H\u00e9racl\u00e8s, le plus connu est certainement ses douze travaux. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. A noua munc\u0103 este dob\u00e2ndirea cing\u0103torii purtate de Hippolyte, regina amazoanelor", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nWe have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. Hercules and Atlasby Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA). She hid the cattle and would not divulge their whereabouts unless he had sex with her. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nThe myths of Hercules show the world as it is: everyone has monsters they need to conquer and seemingly impossible tasks they are faced with and tragedies that seem too hard to bear. Il est le fils de Zeus (le roi des dieux) et d'Alcm\u00e8ne. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 23 Jul 2014. Hippolyte was the queen of the Amazons, and her belt (girdle) was a symbol of her right to rule. He who conquered all else is not to be conquered by those flames which you see blazing on Mount Etna", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nThen the princess Celtine saw Hercules and fell in love with him. Struck again by Hera with madness, Hercules killed the prince Iphitus of Oechalia and was told by the oracle that he must sell himself as a slave to atone for his sin. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. The blood proved to be a powerful poison, and Heracles died. To bring back Hippolyte's Girdle", "What does Hercules symbolize?\n\"Caitiff, you shall go no farther!\" \"The Life of Hercules in Myth & Legend.\" Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/article/733/. Standing at a diminutive 5\u20194\u201d \u2013 although there have been various interpretations of this on stage and screen \u2013 Poirot\u2019s described in writing as having an egg-shaped head, often tilted to one side, and eyes that shine green when he\u2019s excited. Hera sent two witches to prevent the birth, but they were tricked by one of Alcmene's servants and sent to another room", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nHe accomplished this with a rattle given to him by Athena. Hercules climbed Mount Etna where he built his own funeral pyre in a clearing, gave away his possessions, and then lay down with his head resting on his club and the Nemean lion's skin covering him; then the torches were lit and the pyre took flames. Only his mother's share in him can perish; what he derived from me is immortal", "What does Hercules symbolize?\n\", Discover more about Hercule Poirot with the latest fact file, Discover the best Hercule Poirot stories with our helpful introduction, Discover the definitive Hercule Poirot reading list. A patra munc\u0103 este prinderea unui c\u0103prior cu coarne de aur, care apar\u021binea zei\u021bei. Atlas took back the universe and Hercules picked up the apples and left", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nEncyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Heracles (or Hercules) as portrayed in films and television. Groaznicul animal a fost urm\u0103rit de c\u0103tre erou prin mijlocul unor z\u0103pezi \u00eenalte, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd, sleit de puteri, a fost prins. Augeius then refused to honor the deal he had made", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nHe dresses very precisely, and takes the utmost pride in his appearance. Cirezile de boi ale lui Geryon se aflau pe insula Erythia, departe, c\u0103tre apusul lumii. Omissions", "What does Hercules symbolize?\n? These were the same arrows Hercules had dipped in the blood of the Hydra, and the centaur was dying quickly when he told Deianira that his blood possessed a special quality as a love potion and that she should take some of it in a vial. Megara's story is best known through the work of the Greek playwright Euripides (480-406 BCE) and the later Roman playwright Seneca (4 BCE-65 CE) both \u2026 Heracles, Greek Herakles, Roman Hercules, one of the most famous Greco-Roman legendary heroes. 11", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nDeianira and Hercules lived happily for a time in Calydon until he accidentally killed his father-in-law's cupbearer. Heracle i-o ia, dup\u0103 ce se lupt\u0103 cu amazoanele, \u0219i o d\u0103ruie\u0219te fiicei lui Euristeu. Hercules is the Roman name for the Greek hero Herakles, the most popular figure from ancient Greek mythology. He trapped the lion in a cave and strangled it with his bare hands. He finally brought the cattle back to Eurystheus who accepted the labor as legitimate. The Life of Hercules in Myth & Legend", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nMinos no longer wanted the bull because his wife had fallen in love with it and, in fact, had become pregnant by it (giving birth to the Minotaur), and so Minos happily gave the bull to Hercules who rode it across the sea from Crete to Athens and brought it to Eurystheus. Hercules consulted the Oracle at Delphi who told him he must attach himself to his cousin Eurystheus, King of Tiryns and Mycenae, who would devise labors to expiate his sins", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nHe also spoke with the hero Meleager, with whom he had journeyed with the Argonauts, who told him that, when he returned to earth, he should marry Meleager's sister Deianira. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Selon la l\u00e9gende, pour expier le meurtre de sa femme, Eurysth\u00e9e (le roi de Tirynthe) lui impose douze travaux: A sa mort, H\u00e9racl\u00e8s fut admis parmi les dieux de l'Olympe", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nThe bull was then released and would cause further trouble throughout Attica until it was finally killed by Theseus. Bringing the cattle back to Greece, Hera sent gadflies to sting the beasts and scattered them, so Hercules had to round them up again. Hercules was now free to do as he pleased with his life and, after all he had accomplished, it might be thought that he would now be able to enjoy his days in peace; this would not be so. Aussi, plus tard, dans un acc\u00e8s de folie, il tua sa \u2026", "What does Hercules symbolize?\nR\u00f4le D'un Salari\u00e9 Dans Une Entreprise, Saison En Breton, \u00e9preuve De Litt\u00e9rature Bac 2017, Perle Heishi 6mm, Nos Chers Voisins Saison 1 Streaming, Prix Du Baycox, Le Petit Perret Illustr\u00e9 Par Lexemple,\nque symbolise hercule 2020"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.visitemilia.com/en/itineraries/an-irish-man-in-piacenza

An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus

["An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nAn Irish man in Piacenza\nIn the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nA journey of faith in the footsteps of the Irish founder of the Abbey of Bobbio: Saint Colombanus.\nThe trip starts from the town church of Saint Brigid in Piacenza, passes through the medieval village of Bobbio and continues in the Apennines of Piacenza, where in addition to the monastery now used as a museum, there are also other places related to the life and death of Colombanus.\nFriends/Single,Couple", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nFirst stop - Church of St. Brigid of Kildare Piacenza\nIn Piazza Borgo, which in Roman times was the western entrance to the city of Piacenza, there is a church dedicated to St. Brigid of Kildare, the Irish nun lived between the 5th and 6th centuries, whose cult in Ireland is second only to St. Patrick.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nNext to the church, founded in the 9th century, stood a xenodochium for pilgrims called \"per nationes\", where people spoke irish, in order to help those who passed through the city to reach the abbey of Bobbio, founded by the Irish St. Colombanus in the 7th century. The wayfarers coming from the Saint's land of origin found in this place also a linguistic comfort while moving through a foreign land.\nSecond stop - Saint Colombano Abbey Bobbio", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nAt 45 minutes by car from Piacenza, driving along the SS45, you will find Bobbio. Since the 7th century, this small town in the Trebbia Valley has been an important center and a place of passage for pilgrims on their way to Rome.\nThis was the territory that the Lombard king Agilulfo and his consort Teodolinda in 613 donated to the Irishman Colombanus in exchange for help in establishing relations with the Christian world.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nColombanus, who had almonst reached the end of his life, established a monastery here, from which his successors developed the monastic center that can still be admired.\nNot to be missed is the crypt with the floor mosaic of the 12th century which narrates the struggle between good and evil and where the cycle of the months is represented.\nTo be seen is also the area with the sepulchre of San Colombanus and the plutei of the tombs of his successors, Attala and Bertulfo.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nThird stop - Ponte Gobbo (Devil's Bridge) Bobbio\nThe profile of Ponte Gobbo of Bobbio is said to be present in Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, but its fame is mainly linked to the legend that surrounds its construction.\nIt is said that Saint Colombanus wanted to reach the opposite bank of the river Trebbia to bring the Christian word to everywhere.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nHowever, the force of the waters made a resistant construction impossible. The devil proposed to the saint to build a bridge in exchange for the soul of the \"first one\" who crossed it.\nAfter much thought, Colombanus accepted and, at night, the bridge was built: each span was different in height and width, as were the devils who had erected it.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nAt the moment of crossing the bridge, Colombanus tricked the devil and sent his faithful little dog (in some versions of the legend there is instead a bear) which, belonging to the animal world, was believed to have no soul.\nFourth stop - St. Michele hermitage Coli\nAt about 5 km from Bobbio there is the small village of Coli (reachable on foot along the path that runs along the Abbots Way or by car), from which it is possible to reach the Spelonca where, according to the tradition, San Colombanus died.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nFrom the square of Coli head towards the sports center following the CAI 141 trail sign (red and white); the path becomes a cart track and, with narrow bend, it goes down to cross the Rio Curiasca on a small bridge that flows into the Trebbia river in San Salvatore, a couple of kilometers below. Then go up the wooded slope of Rio Curiasca, called of San Michele, on a nice mule-track partly paved", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nHere is sign indicated the deviation to the Caves of San Michele, which, according to legend, saw the death of Colombanus in 615.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nFifth stop - Piazza Duomo Bobbio\nBack from immersion in nature it is time for a good meal.\nIn the Easter period a slice of Colomba in honor of the saint cannot be missed. One of the many legends related to Colombanus tells that, invited to a banquet on Good Friday (fasting day), the saint transformed a spit of birds into a dove-shaped cake\nSixth stop - Sanctuary of Santa Maria Bobbio", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nTo conclude the itinerary dedicated to Saint Colombanus it is time to move towards Mount Penice, where it is believed that the monk used to go during his parentheses of solitude from the community and rigid absention from the world.\nFrom Bobbio there's a panoramic winding road that leads to high altitude.\nAt the top of the mountain, between earth and sky, there is a place that still attracts the cult of the faithful: the Sanctuary at the top of Mount Penice, founded in the early Middle Ages.", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\nIt seems that the building was built on a Celtic-Ligurian pagan temple. This is testified by a bronze statue representing a pagan priest, dating back to the 1st-2nd century, today preserved in Genoa, in the Montegalletto Castle.\nTourist Information Office Piacenza\nPiazza Cavalli 10 Piacenza (PC)\ntelephone:+ 39 0523 492001 + 39 0523 334336 iat@comune.piacenza.it https://visitpiacenza.it/en/\nTourist Information Office Bobbio\nPiazza San Francesco Bobbio (PC)", "An Irish man in Piacenza: In the footsteps of Saint Colombanus\ntelephone:+ 39 0523 962815 iat.bobbio@sintranet.it https://www.facebook.com/iat.bobbio/\nPiacenza Jazz Fest\nFantastic animals... and where to find them in Emilia"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://actionpush.com/football/tom-brady-considers-it-a-dream-to-have-rob-gronkowski-as-a-partner/

Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner

["Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nTom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nJune 21, 2022 by Mary Sanders\nThe friendship between the two was so strong that, at the request of the quarterback, Gronk, who had announced his retirement at the end of the 2018 season, returned to activity to play with Tampa Bay together.", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nConsidered the best quarterback in the history of the NFL, Tom Bradydescribed this Tuesday as a dream to have been a teammate of the tight end Rob Gronkowskiwho a few hours earlier announced his retirement from American football.\n\u2018have to\u2019gronk\u2018 in the locker room was a dream and so it was for all the players in the NFL. I am proud of everything we have achieved together and excited for everything that lies ahead\u201d, was the message that Brady dedicated to gronk in their networks.", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nAt 33 years old, Gronkowski announced on Tuesday his goodbye to American football after playing 11 seasons alongside Bradywhom he accompanied in the New England Patriots between 2010 and 2018, and with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2020 and 2021.\nIn his last season, the tight end had 55 receptions for 802 yards and six touchdowns in 12 games.", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nThe friendship between the two was so strong that, at the request of Brady, gronkwho had announced his retirement at the end of the 2018 season, returned to activity to play with Tampa Bay alongside the quarterback to win the last of his four super bowls.\nTogether, Tom Brady and Rob Gronkowski won four Super Bowls, three with the Patriots and one more with the Buccaneers. AP Photo", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nThe maximum winner of championships of the NFLwith seven, said goodbye to the tight end with a message that he accompanied with a photograph in which the two appear about to crash their helmets in celebration during a Los Angeles game. Bucs.\n\u201cTeammate, friend, brother, are just some of the words that come to mind when I think of gronk. No one has ever embodied the idea of \u200b\u200bleaving it all on the field, as Rob has throughout his entire career.\u201d", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nBeside Tom BradyGronkowski won victories in the editions of the superbowl XLIX, LI Y LIII with the New England Patriots and in the MF with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.\nIn 11 years of career, the offensive player accumulated 621 receptions, 9,286 yards and 92 touchdowns, obtained five selections at Pro Bowl and four championships NFL They have a safe place for you Hall of Fame of the league.", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nBradywho last week still had hopes of having his friend for the 2022 season, ended his message with recognition for Gronkowski and his performance on the field, as well as for his way of being.\n\u201cEvery play we ran I knew that no matter how many defenders he had in front of him he would get to his spot. Even more important is the person who went off the field; fun all the time. congratulations gronkyou deserve it\u201d, expressed the passer.", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nWe wish to give thanks to the author of this write-up for this outstanding material\nShanahan 'happy' with Purdy and Lance as QBs for 2023\nTom Brady and the end of an era of quarterbacks in the NFL: Roethlisberger, the Mannings, Brees... o...\nTexans hire DeMeco Ryans as coach\nNFL: Sean Payton, new Denver Broncos coach for next season\nMary Sanders\nCategories Football Tags Brady, considers, Dream, football, Gronkowski, nfl, partner, Rob, Rob gronkowski, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Tom, Tom brady", "Tom Brady considers it a dream to have Rob Gronkowski as a partner\nThe detail of Madrid with a seriously injured Brazilian star\nLAST MINUTE: Cuba ANNOUNCED reinforcements to the Dutch team this 2022"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://divineanarchy.medium.com/arthur-europeans-dfbeb5d19685

Arthur and the Divine Blessing

["Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nDivine Anarchy\nArthur [Europeans]\nAFTER THE GREAT FLOOD\nAs the Great Flood\u2019s waters receded into the ocean, a tight-knit community of Songhai remained at its edges, the Seaside Wetlands. The chaos had only brought them closer, uniting them under a lone king and his teenage son, Arthur. The duo\u2019s mythical auras were indisputable. Many graciously followed their leadership, believing that one of them had possessed a divine blessing from The Creator.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nBanding together in the face of the region\u2019s perilous conditions, many of the stranded Songhai met a grim fate. The swamps were home to a slew of ravenous alligators, serpents, wolves, and more. As a result, they were forced to focus on defending one another, prioritizing the perfection of both armorsmithing and weaponsmithing. Combat training, engineering, and the exploration of magic became common trades among the community solely as means of survival.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nTheir worries for ample weaponry subsided after one misty morning. Deep within the Wetlands, a crew of Songhai explorers happened upon a grassy knoll. Atop the bluff shined a single stone, emanating a blinding gold beacon which cut through the fog in all directions. As they neared closer, they came upon what would one day be their society\u2019s salvation. Fused into the adamantine rock stood a shining sword, its hilt carpeted in pristine white leather, colliding with a metal of immaculate quality", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nThe blade seemed unscathed by the elements. After taking in the sight, each of the burly pathfinders tried to remove it from the stone. Their attempts were futile.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nThe explorers returned to the community and debriefed the lone king about what they had found. That same day, the camp assembled into an extensive caravan and returned to the knoll en masse. One by one, each of them attempted to pull the blade to no avail. Finally, the king stood in front of the stone, convinced he would wield the weapon. He looked upon his people, smiled, and pulled with tremendous force. Gasps filled the air. No luck.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nThey then looked to his son Arthur, whose small stature made even attempting the feat a laughable notion. \u201cTry it, son,\u201d the king beckoned. Arthur walked forward with wide eyes, wrapping his hands around the sword\u2019s handle. He took a deep breath and pulled.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nThe ear-ringing sound of divine steel and rock pierced the air. Onlookers covered their ears and eyes as young Arthur held the blinding blade above his head. Radiating an angelic aura, the sword\u2019s exceptional edges shined pure, its name inscribed across the metal: EXCALIBUR. The people all around him fell to their knees in praise. They had witnessed the blessing of The Creator in real-time.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nBeing the wielder of Excalibur, Arthur was tasked with leading all militaristic endeavors from the front line. He led an army, traveling the Wetlands to eradicate the vicious monsters that threatened his townspeople. The youthful prince sparred with the most fearsome of beasts, including mythical serpents and mud dragons. They were no match for his sword of sacred steel. The lands were cleansed, ensuring a safer home for all.", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nAs the years went on, the survivors rebuilt a society built on law, order, and egalitarianism. These tenets were enacted within the community by Arthur, who became the sole ruler following the untimely death of his father during a hunting expedition. Although he was still young for a king, Arthur displayed peerless intellect, wisdom, and leadership, far beyond that of his late dad. Most heeded his guidance after witnessing the proof of his divine connection as the wielder of Excalibur", "Arthur and the Divine Blessing\nThe society continued to flourish and evolve under Arthur\u2019s leadership, with minor conflicts being settled safely and civilly. They established an effective court system, making the Seaside Wetlands a pinnacle of law and diplomacy. They would come to provide accessible negotiations for all the world as a new Bloodline: the Europeans. Arthur, in his astute and strategic nature, welcomed the leaders of all Bloodlines to the region.\nNft Collectibles\nMore from Divine Anarchy"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.lauramalin.com/books

"Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales"

["Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nNADA D+\nEstev\u00e3o was always shy. On recess he would rather read than play with colleagues. He loved to travel on literary adventures. In them, he was strong and brave enough to kill two-headed dragons, win marathons, swim across rivers, fight armies and jump through the treetops. When closing the books, however, Estev\u00e3o felt like a fish out of water.\nBOOK OF LEAH", "Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nIn 1824 Leah is a 17yo Brazilian encouraged by the independency of her country but sent, against her will, to an arranged marriage in Lisbon. When her ship stops at the island of Fernando de Noronha, she falls in love with a 27 year old shipbuilder named Joaquim. Leah is forced to embark to Lisbon, but on the way she finds out that she\u2019s pregnant. After losing the child, she begins her journey of search for Joaquim.\nBOOK OF JOAQUIM", "Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nIt\u2019s 1824 when the shipbuilder Joaquim, 27, and the young Leah, 17, bride to be in an arranged marriage in Portugal, meet and fall in love on the remote island of Fernando de Noronha. During one night on the beach a magic star falls down from the sky into the ocean, mysteriously transferring its eternal life to the couple. Unaware of the star\u2019s affect, Leah is taken to Lisbon, against her will. It is then when Joaquim\u2019s adventure to find her begins.\nJ\u00daLIO & JULIANO", "Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nLaura Malin\u2019s first book, Julio & Juliano, narrates the encounter of twin brothers, separated at birth, who meet for the first time at the age of 20, after their mother passes away. Set up in Rio de Janeiro, the book shows how their lives became so different. One is a cop; the other is a drug dealer. While they struggle to become a family, destiny tricks them into falling in love with the same woman, Amelia.\nRUBENS KRASKOFF", "Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nSon of Ukrainian immigrants, Rubens Kraskoff grew up helping the family of very humble origin. He fixed umbrellas, sold saints and candies, took care of his blind father, bought the first stove for his mother to cook. He began selling mattresses, which led him to open a small furniture shop. Intuitive and extremely perceptive, he set up a small empire of 28 establishments, to lose it all. Faced with many obstacles, he eventually created Rio Decor, the first furniture mall in Rio de Janeiro.", "Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nLuiza Brunet has always been an icon of beauty. Since appearing on the covers of magazines in the 1980s, she has become a symbol of the Brazilian woman, with features of those born in the Pantanal, in contact with nature, feet on the ground, indian, Brazilian. A sex symbol in her early years, the bold woman who did not shy away from posing without clothes in the studio, on the beach or in the middle of Times Square. Time has passed and Luiza is the protagonist of a journey that few are able to undertake.", "Discover the Captivating Novels of Laura Malin: A Collection of Heartwarming and Adventurous Tales\nD\u00c9BORA DUARTE\nShe is certainly one of the most popular and beloved actresses on Brazilian television. She practically grew up on camera. In her first work played Cosette from Les Mis\u00e9rables, in 1958, followed by other great texts and even novels on the television pioneer, TV Tupi. It is not for nothing that D\u00e9bora knows everything what it is like to represent in front of a camera, something very natural for her and which she reveals in this testimony of author Laura Malin.\nLivro de Leah\nLivro de Joaquim"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.reeditionmagazine.com/to-the-minute/aj-tracey-celebrates-the-multicultural-beauty-of-west-london

AJ Tracey Celebrates the Multicultural Beauty of West London

["AJ Tracey Celebrates the Multicultural Beauty of West London\nAJ Tracey Celebrates the Multicultural Beauty of West London\nWest London rapper AJ Tracey shares his love for the multicultural beauty of his hometown in a new song and music video which celebrates diversity and inclusivity.", "AJ Tracey Celebrates the Multicultural Beauty of West London\nAJ Tracey is a West London-based British rapper and grime artist. West London is known for its multiculturalism and diversity, which has undoubtedly influenced AJ Tracey's music and perspective. Tracey frequently touches on themes related to life in London and the city's diverse cultural landscape in his lyrics. Tracey, for example, raps about growing up in West London and the cultural influences that shaped him as an artist in his song \"West Ten\":", "AJ Tracey Celebrates the Multicultural Beauty of West London\n\"I grew up in West Ten, yeah, that's West LondonWhere the gyal dem rate us and the mandem get it crackingWest London is multicultural, yeah, that's a factYou'll see every shade and every race on the map\"", "AJ Tracey Celebrates the Multicultural Beauty of West London\nTracey emphasizes the multicultural nature of West London and how it has shaped his experiences growing up in the city in this verse. He also mentions the diversity of people who live in West London, noting that \"every shade and every race can be seen on the map.\" Overall, Tracey's music reflects his West London upbringing and the diverse cultural influences that have shaped him as an artist."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.donaldsonvillechief.com/story/business/2021/10/04/belle-rose-suspect-accused-shooting-passing-vehicle/5997082001/

Belle Rose woman accused of shooting at passing vehicle

["Belle Rose woman accused of shooting at passing vehicle\nBelle Rose woman accused of shooting at passing vehicle\nA 35-year-old Belle Rose woman was arrested and charged with two counts of aggravated assault with a firearm for allegedly shooting at a passing vehicle.\nAssumption Parish Sheriff Leland Falcon reported the arrest of Aline Marie Joseph of Frank Lane in Belle Rose on felony charges arising out of the Sept. 26 incident on Pleasant Lane in the Belle Rose area.", "Belle Rose woman accused of shooting at passing vehicle\nAccording to a news release, deputies initially responded to a complaint of a suspect shooting at an individual.\nUpon arrival, deputies made contact with the complainant, who was also identified as a victim in the incident. That individual indicated that as he was driving on Pleasant Lane, he observed an individual standing in the doorway of a home in a shooting position.", "Belle Rose woman accused of shooting at passing vehicle\nPleasant Lane is located off Hwy. 308 on the northern end of Assumption Parish. It is about eight miles south of Donaldsonville in the small community along Bayou Lafourche.\nThe victim in the vehicle as well as one other occupant victim heard what they perceived as a gunshot.\nDeputies also interviewed an independent witness who stated that he observed an individual standing in the doorway pointing a gun and then discharging that firearm.", "Belle Rose woman accused of shooting at passing vehicle\nThe victims in the incident were not struck by gunfire, as indicated by investigators.\nDeputies were able to identify a suspect, identified as Joseph. The suspect could not be located at the time of the incident. Deputies requested and were granted arrest warrants for Joseph.\nDeputies located and arrested Joseph on Oct. 1 and booked her into the Assumption Parish Detention Center.\nAt the time of the release, she remained incarcerated in lieu of a $100,000 bond."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/John-Jeffery-Farnol/322998

John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances

["John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances\nJohn Jeffery Farnol\nThe Broad Highway, by John Jeffrey Farnol, A.L. Burt Company, 1911\n(1878\u20131952). The English novelist known as Jeffery Farnol wrote popular adventure stories and romances, most of which were set in the early 19th century. Farnol was also a trained artist who illustrated many of his own books.", "John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances\nJohn Jeffery Farnol was born in Warwickshire, England, on Feb. 10, 1878. He was an avid reader as a child, and his first short story was published in 1895. But his family was not pleased with his intention to be a writer, and his father found him an apprenticeship at a brass factory. This career was short-lived, however, because he was fired not long after starting.", "John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances\nFarnol then studied at the Westminster School of Art and became a scene painter for London theaters. In 1900, he married an American, Blanche Hawley, and in 1902, the couple moved to New York. After an argument with his father-in-law, Farnol was forced to live on his own in New York. He found a job painting scenery for the Astor Theater, and for eight years lived in the theater\u2019s back room. There he wrote his first novel, The Broad Highway, in which he drew upon his memories of life in rural England", "John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances\nThe book told the story of a young aristocrat who was swindled out of his fortune and, while trying to reclaim it, worked as a blacksmith\u2019s apprentice. Farnol could not find a publisher in the United States but had better luck in England. The Broad Highway was published in 1910 to great popular acclaim. Farnol and his wife then returned to live in England.", "John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances\nIn 1913, he published The Amateur Gentleman, another popular novel about a youth on a journey. This book follows the son of a boxer and his newfound fortune to London, where he learns, among other lessons, that a love of brawling and good etiquette are not mutually exclusive. A film version of The Amateur Gentleman starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., was produced in Hollywood and released in 1936. Farnol followed The Amateur Gentleman with The Honourable Mr. Tawnish (1913) and Beltane the Smith (1915)", "John Jeffery Farnol: English Novelist of Popular Adventure Stories and Romances\nBetween 1917 and his death in 1952, Farnol published nearly a book a year, with more than 40 bestselling books to his credit. Farnol remained popular throughout his career, but his novels were not without controversy. Some critics saw his female characters as characters of strong will and independence, while other called them stereotypically virtuous. And as the horrors of two world wars unfolded, some critics came to think of Farnol\u2019s romantic adventure novels as naive and old-fashioned"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www2.clarku.edu/faculty/jborgatti/discover/1meaghan/ayo.htm

Ayo

["Ayo\nAyo: The Yoruba Game Board\nby Meaghan O'Connell\nGameboard. Yoruba (Nigeria). Abeokuta area. Wood. L. 22 in. Collection: Worcester African Cultural Center. Photograph: Jean M. Borgatti.\nPhotograph: Courtesy of www.driedger.com/mancala\nFigure A. Shrine Figure (Ere Alafin Oyo) Region of Old Oyo. Source: Willett, 2002, p.103\nFigure B. Gameboard from Sierra Leone. Source: Hardy, 1997 (Internet)\nFigure C. Egungun headdress carved by Adugbologe of Abeokuta. Source: Willett, 2002, p.161.", "Ayo\nDetail:Gameboard from Worcester African Cultural Center Collection. Photograph: Jean M. Borgatti.\nFigure D. Ibeji made by Oniyide Adugbologe of Abeokuta. Source: Fagg & Pemberton, 1982, p.17.", "Ayo\nThe artifact I chose to research is an African game board. It is a carved wooden, fairly rectangular object with a total of twelve circular carved out pockets arranged in two rows, six pockets in each row. The artifact is very light, probably due to the drying out of the wood over time. There are elaborate carvings that decorate the game board, along the sides and on the top where the pockets are located.", "Ayo\nThe artifact is actually more trapezoidal, than it is simply rectangular due to the fact that the top of it is larger than the bottom and therefore the sides slants inwards. The approximate dimensions of the game board are as follows: top \u0096 20\u0094x 12\u0094 / bottom \u0096 22\u0094 x 12\u0094. The shape of the game board is further accentuated by the triangular shapes that are carved around the circular pockets.", "Ayo\nThe artifact is much more than just a simple game board with carved holes for game pieces; on the contrary the carved details add much more interest to the overall appearance of the artifact. Along both of the longer sides of game board are three people: two women and a man, the man is in the middle of the two women holding each of their hands. The holding of the hands seems to relay the message that this is a game that brings people together. Their features are very detailed especially those on the face", "Ayo\nEach of the figures appear to be wearing some type of patterned robe. There is also a rather large head on the short side of the game board that is about 7\u0094 long. The head is facing upward (towards the sky), and has a very distinguishable hairstyle and prominent facial features. On the figures and the head are scarification marks on the cheeks and forehead. The distinguishable hairstyle along with the scarification marks allow for the viewer to identify this as artwork from the Yoruba people.", "Ayo\nAfter speaking with the owner of the artifacts of the Worcester collection, I have also learned about who would have owned a game board like this one and how it is played. These types of game boards are usually found in the town square. They are carved out of large tree trunks, along which many games that can take place at the same time. The game is played with two people, each person sitting on either of the longer sides of the board. Four seeds are placed in each of the carved wooden pockets", "Ayo\nThe row of six pockets closest to each player is considered theirs to try to keep filled with seeds. The players take turns by picking up all of the seeds from one of the pockets and distributing one seed to each of the pockets in order. The first player to empty the other player\u0092s six pockets wins the game. It may be inferred that the way this game is played, face-to-face, reflects the values of the culture pertaining to interactions amongst people", "Ayo\nYoruba people prefer interacting with others face-to-face, or directly, rather than sending messages through other people. This value is revealed in the playing of Ayo. I also learned about who would own such an elaborate game board such as the one that I have chosen to research. I discovered that due to the elaborate carvings on the sides, it would usually be owned by a religious person of stature.", "Ayo\nThe name mankala or mancala as it is sometimes written is derived from the Arabic word naqala, meaning \u0093to move something around.\u0094 Mankala is actually a general name for the many variations of the game that are played throughout Africa, as well as many other parts of the world. The names of the game boards are usually determined by what type of seed is used for playing, and game boards may vary as far as the number of rows of pockets is concerned as well as slight variations in the rules", "Ayo\nBecause the art piece I am researching is from the Yoruba people, from now on I will refer to it as Ayo; but the Yoruba people will also refer to it as Ayoayo, meaning \u0093real ayo,\u0094 which distinguishes the male version, from those played by women and children.", "Ayo\nAyo is usually played during the day, after work is finished. It is not just a game for the older crowd; in fact, many young children learn how to play Ayo in order to sharpen their math skills. Ayo is generally played by people of the same age group and gender, meaning men play with men, women play with other women, and children play amongst themselves. The mixing of these groups is very uncommon", "Ayo\nAs a tradition of African society and the belief of male superiority, males and especially elders commonly separate themselves from women and children in order to display their masculinity and authority.", "Ayo\n\u0093It is played in a house of mourning to amuse the spirit of the dead before it is buried. It is very unlucky to play the game at night as the spirits will want to join in and may carry off the living at the end of the game. Each village would have two types of boards, one with a flat top and one with a curved top, a bit like a banana. When a man died the villagers would play on the board that was not his favorite, so that his spirit would not want to join in\u0094 (Mancala Games 2004).", "Ayo\nIt should be stated that these are traditional values that relate more closely to the origin and cultural significance of Mankala; nowadays, this game board is played worldwide and many of the original values are not upheld or recognized.", "Ayo\nThe figural supports created on either side of the game board may also represent certain cultural values of the Yoruba people. As stated previously, there is a male figure between two female figures on each side of the board. Relationships are said to be an important part of their culture, and the relationship between men and women may be reflected in this piece of art", "Ayo\n\u0093For the Yoruba, life is an aggregate of relationships \u0096 relationships with other persons, with nature, with disease and death, and with one\u0092s own past, as well as one\u0092s personal destiny. Relationships are never static\u0094 (Fagg and Pemberton p.164).", "Ayo\nTraditionally, Ayo game boards are made of wood and are carved with intricate designs. The sound of the seeds, or whatever medium one uses for game pieces, dropping into the depressions is said to rhythmic, and the wood becomes smooth and conditioned from the constant motion of the game pieces", "Ayo\nGame boards can also be made out of clay, rock, or even simply by carving circular depressions into the ground (seen in the photograph to the right), while game pieces can range anywhere from seeds to nuts to cowrie shells, even pebbles are acceptable, but it is important that the pieces are fairly uniform in size and shape.", "Ayo\nIt is important to compare this particular Yoruba piece with other artwork from the same region in Africa in order affirm its origin as well as analyze specific perspectives in relation to features that distinguish this piece from other Yoruba works of art", "Ayo\nIt has previously been noted that the majority of mankala game boards created throughout Africa are not elaborately carved, and the fact that this Ayo does contain carvings of people on both of the longer side of the board as well as a head at one of the shorter sides means that this board was created for someone of high political or social status. The facial features of the people on the game board are also of importance", "Ayo\nThe faces show scarifications on the cheeks and forehead that allow the viewer to associate this Ayo board with an artist from the Yoruba region of Africa in Nigeria. The rather different hairstyle, or coiffure resembles a crest running from the front of the forehead to the back of the neck, along with the bulging eyes, elongated nose, broad nostrils and large lips also provide important information in relating this piece to the Yoruba peoples", "Ayo\nThe large, protruding almond-shaped eyes are also a very important characteristic of Yoruba carvings. These features can also be seen on the Yoruba wooden form represented in Figure A.", "Ayo\nIn comparison with other mankala boards found throughout Africa, the Ayo game board analyzed in this paper is not all that detailed. The wood is worn and has not been treated with any type of dye, unlike many others which are very dark and polished. It appears as though it may have had some type of darker finish, due to the small remnants that remain of the darker wood, but overall it looks as the finish has been removed", "Ayo\nThe game board to the left (Figure B) is elaborately carved and the fact that it is made with two rows of six pockets denotes that it is from northern or western Africa, and this particular board is from Sierra Leone, which is west of Yoruba. The simplicity of the Ayo game board in comparison with other mankala boards from the same region could mean a number of different things", "Ayo\nIt is possible that it was a piece created for someone that was not of exceptionally high social status, but it is also possible that it is an older piece and some detailed that may have been present when the piece was first created have been worn off. It is important to note that the piece cannot date before the 19th maybe even 20th century, since wood can deteriorate very quickly, especially in Africa where termites are very prominent", "Ayo\nAlthough the figures on the Ayo game board are not painted, they are very similar to a more recent sculptural piece from the egungun cult of the Yoruba (Figure C). This particular piece depicted in Figure C is from the Abeokuta region. The facial features are very similar and the stature and positioning of the body as well as the technique used to carve the hands are very much alike", "Ayo\nThe reaching out of the arms as well as the proportionality of the features share a striking resemblance to the game board under speculation.", "Ayo\nAlthough it is not as visible in the pictures taken of the Ayo game board, the figures appear to be wearing woven skirts depicted by cross hatchings in the wood. This technique and style of clothing is also represented in an art piece of an ibeji figure from Abeokuta. The three scarifications on the forehead and both cheeks, along with the coiffure and the wide nose also support the idea that the game board may also be from the same area (Abeokuta)", "Ayo\nIt is also important to note that it is traditional for art from the Abeokuta region to be marked with a \u0093logo\u0094 of sorts, which is viewed much like a signature in Western art. This trade-marking is traditional only to this region of Yoruba. Triangles are carved along the sides of the game board as well as at the top and bottom, possibly signs that this it is also a piece from the Abeokuta part of the Yoruba region.", "Ayo\nThe Ayo game board of the Yoruba people although it appears to be a traditional piece, I believe that it was created in the early to mid 20th century. The piece is not exceptionally detailed and it does not appear as though the artist was highly skilled, especially in comparison with other Mankala boards from the same region", "Ayo\nOther game boards have some type of finish applied that give the wood a darker, more polished appearance whereas the wood on this board is rather light; it appears as though it may have once had a some type of finish, but most traces of the finish have been removed. I have concluded that this Ayo board is from the Abeokuta region of Yoruba land, due to facial characteristics and the appearance of the coiffure it shares with many other art pieces from this area", "Ayo\nCultural connections and inferences can be made about the game of mankala, concerning interactions among people in Africa (e.g.: their preference to interact with others face-to-face, which is how the game is played). One can also infer about the meanings of the designs that appear on the sides of the game board and their cultural meanings, although we cannot be sure of the meanings due to the lack of collection data associated with many African works of art."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://blogs.simmons.edu/slis/jobline/2018/09/assistant-librarian-indiana-university-bloomington-in.html

SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University

["SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nAssistant Librarian, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN\nHEAD OF SCHOLARS' COMMONS\nASSISTANT LIBRARIAN OR ASSOCIATE LIBRARIAN\nINDIANA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES BLOOMINGTON\nIndiana University Libraries Bloomington seeks enthusiastic, innovative, and creative leader to provide strategy and management in the position of Head of Scholars' Commons.", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nDevelops and implements structure and strategy for programming in the Scholars' Commons in alignment with wider Libraries and campus initiatives, particularly aimed at supporting research and learning among graduate students and faculty;\nserves as contact for a variety of partners who are located, or are providing programming, in the Scholars' Commons;", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nestablishes regular communication channels with and among Scholars' Commons partners; and encourages a sense of community and contribution toward the Scholars' Commons mission;\ncultivates new and existing relationships with library units and campus-wide research and graduate student support programs and coordinates the integration of these into the Scholars' Commons;", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\ncoordinates and oversees a range of services and activities in the Scholars' Commons, including managing and participating in the delivery of information and research support services at the public desk.\nALA-accredited master's degree or equivalent combination of a relevant advanced degree and academic library experience;\ndemonstrated increasingly responsible leadership experience in an academic or research library;", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\ndemonstrated ability to establish and expand collaborative relationships with library and campus colleagues and diverse populations;\ndemonstrated experience designing and delivering programs in collaboration with library and campus partners;", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nand excellent interpersonal skills to effectively interact and work collaboratively with a diverse population of students, staff, faculty, administrators, and other members of the community; demonstrated initiative, flexibility, and self-direction; demonstrated experience with, and ability to apply, technology in research and instructional contexts; demonstrated understanding of the values of diversity and the importance of inclusion as demonstrated through a commitment to apply and incorporate the differences, complexities, and opportunities that diversity brings to an organization (https://libraries.indiana.edu/file/indiana-university-libraries-diversity-strategic-plan-pdf); ability to meet the requirements of a tenure-track position at the IU Libraries (https://libraries.indiana.edu/file/promotion-and-tenure-criteria-iub-librarians-pdf ).", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nPreferred: Supervisory experience in user-centered services; demonstrated experience with co-curricular educational programs, research support services in higher education, and/or graduate studies or faculty affairs programs; knowledge of instructional design, pedagogy, digital scholarship, and assessment principles.\nFor complete posting with additional responsibilities, required qualifications, and benefit programs information go to https://libraries.indiana.edu/job-postings-librarians.", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nTo Apply: For full consideration, applications must be received by Wednesday, October 24, 2018.\nThe position will remain open until filled. Interested candidates should review the application requirements and submit their application at https://indiana.peopleadmin.com.", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nQuestions regarding the position or application process can be directed to: Jennifer Chaffin, Director of Human Resources, Libraries Human Resources, Herman B Wells Library 205, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 - Phone: 812-855-8196 - Fax: 812-855-2576 - Email: libpers@indiana.edu.\nFor more information about Indiana University Bloomington go to https://www.indiana.edu/.", "SLIS Jobline : School of Library and Information Science : Simmons University\nIndiana University is an equal employment and affirmative action employer and a provider of ADA services. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to age, ethnicity, color, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identify or expression, genetic information, marital status, national origin, disability status or protected veteran status.\nAcademic Positions | Professional Jobs Outside of New England"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://examiningtheodd.com/2018/09/08/short-story-saturday-the-crystal-egg/?share=google-plus-1

Short Story Saturday – The Crystal Egg – Jay Snelling Art

["Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\ncaveccavecrystalhgwellsmrcavesevendialsthecrystalegg\nShort Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg\nThis week\u2019s story is H. G. Wells\u2019 The Crystal Egg.\nTHE CRYSTAL EGG", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThere was, until a year ago, a little and very grimy-looking shop near Seven Dials, over which, in weather-worn yellow lettering, the name of \u201cC. Cave, Naturalist and Dealer in Antiquities,\u201d was inscribed. The contents of its window were curiously variegated", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThey comprised some elephant tusks and an imperfect set of chessmen, beads and weapons, a box of eyes, two skulls of tigers and one human, several moth-eaten stuffed monkeys (one holding a lamp), an old-fashioned cabinet, a flyblown ostrich egg or so, some fishing-tackle, and an extraordinarily dirty, empty glass fish-tank. There was also, at the moment the story begins, a mass of crystal, worked into the shape of an egg and brilliantly polished", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAnd at that two people, who stood outside the window, were looking, one of them a tall, thin clergyman, the other a black-bearded young man of dusky complexion and unobtrusive costume. The dusky young man spoke with eager gesticulation, and seemed anxious for his companion to purchase the article.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWhile they were there, Mr. Cave came into his shop, his beard still wagging with the bread and butter of his tea. When he saw these men and the object of their regard, his countenance fell. He glanced guiltily over his shoulder, and softly shut the door. He was a little old man, with pale face and peculiar watery blue eyes; his hair was a dirty grey, and he wore a shabby blue frock coat, an ancient silk hat, and carpet slippers very much down at heel. He remained watching the two men as they talked", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe clergyman went deep into his trouser pocket, examined a handful of money, and showed his teeth in an agreeable smile. Mr. Cave seemed still more depressed when they came into the shop.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe clergyman, without any ceremony, asked the price of the crystal egg. Mr. Cave glanced nervously towards the door leading into the parlour, and said five pounds. The clergyman protested that the price was high, to his companion as well as to Mr. Cave\u2014it was, indeed, very much more than Mr. Cave had intended to ask, when he had stocked the article\u2014and an attempt at bargaining ensued. Mr. Cave stepped to the shop-door, and held it open", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\n\u201cFive pounds is my price,\u201d he said, as though he wished to save himself the trouble of unprofitable discussion. As he did so, the upper portion of a woman\u2019s face appeared above the blind in the glass upper panel of the door leading into the parlour, and stared curiously at the two customers. \u201cFive pounds is my price,\u201d said Mr. Cave, with a quiver in his voice.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe swarthy young man had so far remained a spectator, watching Cave keenly. Now he spoke. \u201cGive him five pounds,\u201d he said. The clergyman glanced at him to see if he were in earnest, and, when he looked at Mr. Cave again, he saw that the latter\u2019s face was white. \u201cIt\u2019s a lot of money,\u201d said the clergyman, and, diving into his pocket, began counting his resources. He had little more than thirty shillings, and he appealed to his companion, with whom he seemed to be on terms of considerable intimacy", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThis gave Mr. Cave an opportunity of collecting his thoughts, and he began to explain in an agitated manner that the crystal was not, as a matter of fact, entirely free for sale. His two customers were naturally surprised at this, and inquired why he had not thought of that before he began to bargain. Mr. Cave became confused, but he stuck to his story, that the crystal was not in the market that afternoon, that a probable purchaser of it had already appeared", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe two, treating this as an attempt to raise the price still further, made as if they would leave the shop. But at this point the parlour door opened, and the owner of the dark fringe and the little eyes appeared.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nShe was a coarse-featured, corpulent woman, younger and very much larger than Mr. Cave; she walked heavily, and her face was flushed. \u201cThat crystal is for sale,\u201d she said. \u201cAnd five pounds is a good enough price for it. I can\u2019t think what you\u2019re about, Cave, not to take the gentleman\u2019s offer!\u201d", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMr. Cave, greatly perturbed by the irruption, looked angrily at her over the rims of his spectacles, and, without excessive assurance, asserted his right to manage his business in his own way. An altercation began. The two customers watched the scene with interest and some amusement, occasionally assisting Mrs. Cave with suggestions. Mr. Cave, hard driven, persisted in a confused and impossible story of an enquiry for the crystal that morning, and his agitation became painful", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nBut he stuck to his point with extraordinary persistence. It was the young Oriental who ended this curious controversy. He proposed that they should call again in the course of two days\u2014so as to give the alleged enquirer a fair chance. \u201cAnd then we must insist,\u201d said the clergyman, \u201cFive pounds.\u201d Mrs", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave took it on herself to apologise for her husband, explaining that he was sometimes \u201ca little odd,\u201d and as the two customers left, the couple prepared for a free discussion of the incident in all its bearings.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMrs. Cave talked to her husband with singular directness. The poor little man, quivering with emotion, muddled himself between his stories, maintaining on the one hand that he had another customer in view, and on the other asserting that the crystal was honestly worth ten guineas. \u201cWhy did you ask five pounds?\u201d said his wife. \u201cDo let me manage my business my own way!\u201d said Mr. Cave.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMr. Cave had living with him a step-daughter and a step-son, and at supper that night the transaction was re-discussed. None of them had a high opinion of Mr. Cave\u2019s business methods, and this action seemed a culminating folly.\n\u201cIt\u2019s my opinion he\u2019s refused that crystal before,\u201d said the step-son, a loose-limbed lout of eighteen.\n\u201cBut Five Pounds!\u201d said the step-daughter, an argumentative young woman of six-and-twenty.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMr. Cave\u2019s answers were wretched; he could only mumble weak assertions that he knew his own business best. They drove him from his half-eaten supper into the shop, to close it for the night, his ears aflame and tears of vexation behind his spectacles. \u201cWhy had he left the crystal in the window so long? The folly of it!\u201d That was the trouble closest in his mind. For a time he could see no way of evading sale.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAfter supper his step-daughter and step-son smartened themselves up and went out and his wife retired upstairs to reflect upon the business aspects of the crystal, over a little sugar and lemon and so forth in hot water. Mr. Cave went into the shop, and stayed there until late, ostensibly to make ornamental rockeries for goldfish cases but really for a private purpose that will be better explained later. The next day Mrs", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave found that the crystal had been removed from the window, and was lying behind some second-hand books on angling. She replaced it in a conspicuous position. But she did not argue further about it, as a nervous headache disinclined her from debate. Mr. Cave was always disinclined. The day passed disagreeably. Mr. Cave was, if anything, more absent-minded than usual, and uncommonly irritable withal", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe next day Mr. Cave had to deliver a consignment of dog-fish at one of the hospital schools, where they were needed for dissection. In his absence Mrs. Cave\u2019s mind reverted to the topic of the crystal, and the methods of expenditure suitable to a windfall of five pounds. She had already devised some very agreeable expedients, among others a dress of green silk for herself and a trip to Richmond, when a jangling of the front door bell summoned her into the shop", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe customer was an examination coach who came to complain of the non-delivery of certain frogs asked for the previous day. Mrs. Cave did not approve of this particular branch of Mr. Cave\u2019s business, and the gentleman, who had called in a somewhat aggressive mood, retired after a brief exchange of words\u2014entirely civil so far as he was concerned. Mrs. Cave\u2019s eye then naturally turned to the window; for the sight of the crystal was an assurance of the five pounds and of her dreams", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nShe went to the place behind the locker on the counter, where she had discovered it the day before. It was not there; and she immediately began an eager search about the shop.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWhen Mr. Cave returned from his business with the dog-fish, about a quarter to two in the afternoon, he found the shop in some confusion, and his wife, extremely exasperated and on her knees behind the counter, routing among his taxidermic material. Her face came up hot and angry over the counter, as the jangling bell announced his return, and she forthwith accused him of \u201chiding it.\u201d\n\u201cHid what?\u201d asked Mr. Cave.\n\u201cThe crystal!\u201d", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAt that Mr. Cave, apparently much surprised, rushed to the window. \u201cIsn\u2019t it here?\u201d he said. \u201cGreat Heavens! what has become of it?\u201d\nJust then, Mr. Cave\u2019s step-son re-entered the shop from the inner room\u2014he had come home a minute or so before Mr. Cave\u2014and he was blaspheming freely. He was apprenticed to a second-hand furniture dealer down the road, but he had his meals at home, and he was naturally annoyed to find no dinner ready.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nBut, when he heard of the loss of the crystal, he forgot his meal, and his anger was diverted from his mother to his step-father. Their first idea, of course, was that he had hidden it. But Mr. Cave stoutly denied all knowledge of its fate\u2014freely offering his bedabbled affidavit in the matter\u2014and at last was worked up to the point of accusing, first, his wife and then his step-son of having taken it with a view to a private sale", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nSo began an exceedingly acrimonious and emotional discussion, which ended for Mrs. Cave in a peculiar nervous condition midway between hysterics and amuck, and caused the step-son to be half-an-hour late at the furniture establishment in the afternoon. Mr. Cave took refuge from his wife\u2019s emotions in the shop.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIn the evening the matter was resumed, with less passion and in a judicial spirit, under the presidency of the step-daughter. The supper passed unhappily and culminated in a painful scene. Mr. Cave gave way at last to extreme exasperation, and went out banging the front door violently. The rest of the family, having discussed him with the freedom his absence warranted, hunted the house from garret to cellar, hoping to light upon the crystal.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe next day the two customers called again. They were received by Mrs. Cave almost in tears. It transpired that no one could imagine all that she had stood from Cave at various times in her married pilgrimage\u2026. She also gave a garbled account of the disappearance. The clergyman and the Oriental laughed silently at one another, and said it was very extraordinary. As Mrs. Cave seemed disposed to give them the complete history of her life they made to leave the shop. Thereupon Mrs", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave, still clinging to hope, asked for the clergyman\u2019s address, so that, if she could get anything out of Cave, she might communicate it. The address was duly given, but apparently was afterwards mislaid. Mrs. Cave can remember nothing about it.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIn the evening of that day, the Caves seem to have exhausted their emotions, and Mr. Cave, who had been out in the afternoon, supped in a gloomy isolation that contrasted pleasantly with the impassioned controversy of the previous days. For some time matters were very badly strained in the Cave household, but neither crystal nor customer reappeared.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nNow, without mincing the matter, we must admit that Mr. Cave was a liar. He knew perfectly well where the crystal was. It was in the rooms of Mr. Jacoby Wace, Assistant Demonstrator at St. Catherine\u2019s Hospital, Westbourne Street. It stood on the sideboard partially covered by a black velvet cloth, and beside a decanter of American whisky. It is from Mr. Wace, indeed, that the particulars upon which this narrative is based were derived", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave had taken off the thing to the hospital hidden in the dog-fish sack, and there had pressed the young investigator to keep it for him. Mr. Wace was a little dubious at first. His relationship to Cave was peculiar. He had a taste for singular characters, and he had more than once invited the old man to smoke and drink in his rooms, and to unfold his rather amusing views of life in general and of his wife in particular. Mr. Wace had encountered Mrs. Cave, too, on occasions when Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave was not at home to attend to him. He knew the constant interference to which Cave was subjected, and having weighed the story judicially, he decided to give the crystal a refuge. Mr. Cave promised to explain the reasons for his remarkable affection for the crystal more fully on a later occasion, but he spoke distinctly of seeing visions therein. He called on Mr. Wace the same evening.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe told a complicated story. The crystal he said had come into his possession with other oddments at the forced sale of another curiosity dealer\u2019s effects, and not knowing what its value might be, he had ticketed it at ten shillings. It had hung upon his hands at that price for some months, and he was thinking of \u201creducing the figure,\u201d when he made a singular discovery.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAt that time his health was very bad\u2014and it must be borne in mind that, throughout all this experience, his physical condition was one of ebb\u2014and he was in considerable distress by reason of the negligence, the positive ill-treatment even, he received from his wife and step-children. His wife was vain, extravagant, unfeeling, and had a growing taste for private drinking; his step-daughter was mean and over-reaching; and his step-son had conceived a violent dislike for him, and lost no chance of showing it", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe requirements of his business pressed heavily upon him, and Mr. Wace does not think that he was altogether free from occasional intemperance. He had begun life in a comfortable position, he was a man of fair education, and he suffered, for weeks at a stretch, from melancholia and insomnia. Afraid to disturb his family, he would slip quietly from his wife\u2019s side, when his thoughts became intolerable, and wander about the house", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe dirty little place was impenetrably black except in one spot, where he perceived an unusual glow of light. Approaching this, he discovered it to be the crystal egg, which was standing on the corner of the counter towards the window. A thin ray smote through a crack in the shutters, impinged upon the object, and seemed as it were to fill its entire interior.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIt occurred to Mr. Cave that this was not in accordance with the laws of optics as he had known them in his younger days. He could understand the rays being refracted by the crystal and coming to a focus in its interior, but this diffusion jarred with his physical conceptions. He approached the crystal nearly, peering into it and round it, with a transient revival of the scientific curiosity that in his youth had determined his choice of a calling", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe was surprised to find the light not steady, but writhing within the substance of the egg, as though that object was a hollow sphere of some luminous vapour. In moving about to get different points of view, he suddenly found that he had come between it and the ray, and that the crystal none the less remained luminous. Greatly astonished, he lifted it out of the light ray and carried it to the darkest part of the shop. It remained bright for some four or five minutes, when it slowly faded and went out", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nSo far, at least, Mr. Wace was able to verify the remarkable story of Mr. Cave. He has himself repeatedly held this crystal in a ray of light (which had to be of a less diameter than one millimetre). And in a perfect darkness, such as could be produced by velvet wrapping, the crystal did undoubtedly appear very faintly phosphorescent. It would seem, however, that the luminousness was of some exceptional sort, and not equally visible to all eyes; for Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHarbinger\u2014whose name will be familiar to the scientific reader in connection with the Pasteur Institute\u2014was quite unable to see any light whatever. And Mr. Wace\u2019s own capacity for its appreciation was out of comparison inferior to that of Mr. Cave\u2019s. Even with Mr. Cave the power varied very considerably: his vision was most vivid during states of extreme weakness and fatigue.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nNow, from the outset this light in the crystal exercised a curious fascination upon Mr. Cave. And it says more for his loneliness of soul than a volume of pathetic writing could do, that he told no human being of his curious observations. He seems to have been living in such an atmosphere of petty spite that to admit the existence of a pleasure would have been to risk the loss of it", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe found that as the dawn advanced, and the amount of diffused light increased, the crystal became to all appearance non-luminous. And for some time he was unable to see anything in it, except at night-time, in dark corners of the shop.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nBut the use of an old velvet cloth, which he used as a background for a collection of minerals, occurred to him, and by doubling this, and putting it over his head and hands, he was able to get a sight of the luminous movement within the crystal even in the daytime. He was very cautious lest he should be thus discovered by his wife, and he practised this occupation only in the afternoons, while she was asleep upstairs, and then circumspectly in a hollow under the counter", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAnd one day, turning the crystal about in his hands, he saw something. It came and went like a flash, but it gave him the impression that the object had for a moment opened to him the view of a wide and spacious and strange country; and, turning it about, he did, just as the light faded, see the same vision again.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nNow, it would be tedious and unnecessary to state all the phases of Mr. Cave\u2019s discovery from this point. Suffice that the effect was this: the crystal, being peered into at an angle of about 137 degrees from the direction of the illuminating ray, gave a clear and consistent picture of a wide and peculiar countryside. It was not dream-like at all: it produced a definite impression of reality, and the better the light the more real and solid it seemed", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIt was a moving picture: that is to say, certain objects moved in it, but slowly in an orderly manner like real things, and, according as the direction of the lighting and vision changed, the picture changed also. It must, indeed, have been like looking through an oval glass at a view, and turning the glass about to get at different aspects.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMr. Cave\u2019s statements, Mr. Wace assures me, were extremely circumstantial, and entirely free from any of that emotional quality that taints hallucinatory impressions. But it must be remembered that all the efforts of Mr. Wace to see any similar clarity in the faint opalescence of the crystal were wholly unsuccessful, try as he would. The difference in intensity of the impressions received by the two men was very great, and it is quite conceivable that what was a view to Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe view, as Mr. Cave described it, was invariably of an extensive plain, and he seemed always to be looking at it from a considerable height, as if from a tower or a mast. To the east and to the west the plain was bounded at a remote distance by vast reddish cliffs, which reminded him of those he had seen in some picture; but what the picture was Mr. Wace was unable to ascertain", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThese cliffs passed north and south\u2014he could tell the points of the compass by the stars that were visible of a night\u2014receding in an almost illimitable perspective and fading into the mists of the distance before they met. He was nearer the eastern set of cliffs, on the occasion of his first vision the sun was rising over them, and black against the sunlight and pale against their shadow appeared a multitude of soaring forms that Mr. Cave regarded as birds", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nA vast range of buildings spread below him; he seemed to be looking down upon them; and, as they approached the blurred and refracted edge of the picture, they became indistinct. There were also trees curious in shape, and in colouring, a deep mossy green and an exquisite grey, beside a wide and shining canal. And something great and brilliantly coloured flew across the picture. But the first time Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave saw these pictures he saw only in flashes, his hands shook, his head moved, the vision came and went, and grew foggy and indistinct. And at first he had the greatest difficulty in finding the picture again once the direction of it was lost.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHis next clear vision, which came about a week after the first, the interval having yielded nothing but tantalising glimpses and some useful experience, showed him the view down the length of the valley. The view was different, but he had a curious persuasion, which his subsequent observations abundantly confirmed, that he was regarding this strange world from exactly the same spot, although he was looking in a different direction", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe long fa\u00e7ade of the great building, whose roof he had looked down upon before, was now receding in perspective. He recognised the roof. In the front of the fa\u00e7ade was a terrace of massive proportions and extraordinary length, and down the middle of the terrace, at certain intervals, stood huge but very graceful masts, bearing small shiny objects which reflected the setting sun. The import of these small objects did not occur to Mr. Cave until some time after, as he was describing the scene to Mr. Wace", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe terrace overhung a thicket of the most luxuriant and graceful vegetation, and beyond this was a wide grassy lawn on which certain broad creatures, in form like beetles but enormously larger, reposed. Beyond this again was a richly decorated causeway of pinkish stone; and beyond that, and lined with dense red weeds, and passing up the valley exactly parallel with the distant cliffs, was a broad and mirror-like expanse of water", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe air seemed full of squadrons of great birds, man\u0153uvring in stately curves; and across the river was a multitude of splendid buildings, richly coloured and glittering with metallic tracery and facets, among a forest of moss-like and lichenous trees", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAnd suddenly something flapped repeatedly across the vision, like the fluttering of a jewelled fan or the beating of a wing, and a face, or rather the upper part of a face with very large eyes, came as it were close to his own and as if on the other side of the crystal. Mr. Cave was so startled and so impressed by the absolute reality of these eyes, that he drew his head back from the crystal to look behind it", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe had become so absorbed in watching that he was quite surprised to find himself in the cool darkness of his little shop, with its familiar odour of methyl, mustiness, and decay. And, as he blinked about him, the glowing crystal faded, and went out.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nSuch were the first general impressions of Mr. Cave. The story is curiously direct and circumstantial. From the outset, when the valley first flashed momentarily on his senses, his imagination was strangely affected, and, as he began to appreciate the details of the scene he saw, his wonder rose to the point of a passion. He went about his business listless and distraught, thinking only of the time when he should be able to return to his watching", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAnd then a few weeks after his first sight of the valley came the two customers, the stress and excitement of their offer, and the narrow escape of the crystal from sale, as I have already told.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nNow, while the thing was Mr. Cave\u2019s secret, it remained a mere wonder, a thing to creep to covertly and peep at, as a child might peep upon a forbidden garden. But Mr. Wace has, for a young scientific investigator, a particularly lucid and consecutive habit of mind. Directly the crystal and its story came to him, and he had satisfied himself, by seeing the phosphorescence with his own eyes, that there really was a certain evidence for Mr. Cave\u2019s statements, he proceeded to develop the matter systematically", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMr. Cave was only too eager to come and feast his eyes on this wonderland he saw, and he came every night from half-past eight until half-past ten, and sometimes, in Mr. Wace\u2019s absence, during the day. On Sunday afternoons, also, he came. From the outset Mr. Wace made copious notes, and it was due to his scientific method that the relation between the direction from which the initiating ray entered the crystal and the orientation of the picture were proved", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAnd, by covering the crystal in a box perforated only with a small aperture to admit the exciting ray, and by substituting black holland for his buff blinds, he greatly improved the conditions of the observations; so that in a little while they were able to survey the valley in any direction they desired.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nSo having cleared the way, we may give a brief account of this visionary world within the crystal. The things were in all cases seen by Mr. Cave, and the method of working was invariably for him to watch the crystal and report what he saw, while Mr. Wace (who as a science student had learnt the trick of writing in the dark) wrote a brief note of his report. When the crystal faded, it was put into its box in the proper position and the electric light turned on. Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWace asked questions, and suggested observations to clear up difficult points. Nothing, indeed, could have been less visionary and more matter-of-fact.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe attention of Mr. Cave had been speedily directed to the bird-like creatures he had seen so abundantly present in each of his earlier visions. His first impression was soon corrected, and he considered for a time that they might represent a diurnal species of bat. Then he thought, grotesquely enough, that they might be cherubs. Their heads were round, and curiously human, and it was the eyes of one of them that had so startled him on his second observation", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThey had broad, silvery wings, not feathered, but glistening almost as brilliantly as new-killed fish and with the same subtle play of colour, and these wings were not built on the plan of bird-wing or bat, Mr. Wace learned, but supported by curved ribs radiating from the body. (A sort of butterfly wing with curved ribs seems best to express their appearance.) The body was small, but fitted with two bunches of prehensile organs, like long tentacles, immediately under the mouth", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIncredible as it appeared to Mr. Wace, the persuasion at last became irresistible, that it was these creatures which owned the great quasi-human buildings and the magnificent garden that made the broad valley so splendid. And Mr. Cave perceived that the buildings, with other peculiarities, had no doors, but that the great circular windows, which opened freely, gave the creatures egress and entrance", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThey would alight upon their tentacles, fold their wings to a smallness almost rod-like, and hop into the interior. But among them was a multitude of smaller-winged creatures, like great dragon-flies and moths and flying beetles, and across the greensward brilliantly-coloured gigantic ground-beetles crawled lazily to and fro", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMoreover, on the causeways and terraces, large-headed creatures similar to the greater winged flies, but wingless, were visible, hopping busily upon their hand-like tangle of tentacles.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAllusion has already been made to the glittering objects upon masts that stood upon the terrace of the nearer building. It dawned upon Mr. Cave, after regarding one of these masts very fixedly on one particularly vivid day, that the glittering object there was a crystal exactly like that into which he peered. And a still more careful scrutiny convinced him that each one in a vista of nearly twenty carried a similar object.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nOccasionally one of the large flying creatures would flutter up to one, and, folding its wings and coiling a number of its tentacles about the mast, would regard the crystal fixedly for a space,\u2014sometimes for as long as fifteen minutes. And a series of observations, made at the suggestion of Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWace, convinced both watchers that, so far as this visionary world was concerned, the crystal into which they peered actually stood at the summit of the endmost mast on the terrace, and that on one occasion at least one of these inhabitants of this other world had looked into Mr. Cave\u2019s face while he was making these observations.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nSo much for the essential facts of this very singular story. Unless we dismiss it all as the ingenious fabrication of Mr. Wace, we have to believe one of two things: either that Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave\u2019s crystal was in two worlds at once, and that, while it was carried about in one, it remained stationary in the other, which seems altogether absurd; or else that it had some peculiar relation of sympathy with another and exactly similar crystal in this other world, so that what was seen in the interior of the one in this world was, under suitable conditions, visible to an observer in the corresponding crystal in the other world; and vice versa", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAt present, indeed, we do not know of any way in which two crystals could so come en rapport, but nowadays we know enough to understand that the thing is not altogether impossible. This view of the crystals as en rapport was the supposition that occurred to Mr. Wace, and to me at least it seems extremely plausible\u2026.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\n? On this, also, the alert intelligence of Mr. Wace speedily threw light. After sunset, the sky darkened rapidly\u2014there was a very brief twilight interval indeed\u2014and the stars shone out. They were recognisably the same as those we see, arranged in the same constellations. Mr. Cave recognised the Bear, the Pleiades, Aldebaran, and Sirius: so that the other world must be somewhere in the solar system, and, at the utmost, only a few hundreds of millions of miles from our own. Following up this clue, Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWace learned that the midnight sky was a darker blue even than our midwinter sky, and that the sun seemed a little smaller. And there were two small moons! \u201clike our moon but smaller, and quite differently marked\u201d one of which moved so rapidly that its motion was clearly visible as one regarded it. These moons were never high in the sky, but vanished as they rose: that is, every time they revolved they were eclipsed because they were so near their primary planet", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIndeed, it seems an exceedingly plausible conclusion that peering into this crystal Mr. Cave did actually see the planet Mars and its inhabitants. And, if that be the case, then the evening star that shone so brilliantly in the sky of that distant vision, was neither more nor less than our own familiar earth.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nFor a time the Martians\u2014if they were Martians\u2014do not seem to have known of Mr. Cave\u2019s inspection. Once or twice one would come to peer, and go away very shortly to some other mast, as though the vision was unsatisfactory. During this time Mr. Cave was able to watch the proceedings of these winged people without being disturbed by their attentions, and, although his report is necessarily vague and fragmentary, it is nevertheless very suggestive", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nImagine the impression of humanity a Martian observer would get who, after a difficult process of preparation and with considerable fatigue to the eyes, was able to peer at London from the steeple of St. Martin\u2019s Church for stretches, at longest, of four minutes at a time. Mr. Cave was unable to ascertain if the winged Martians were the same as the Martians who hopped about the causeways and terraces, and if the latter could put on wings at will", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe several times saw certain clumsy bipeds, dimly suggestive of apes, white and partially translucent, feeding among certain of the lichenous trees, and once some of these fled before one of the hopping, round-headed Martians. The latter caught one in its tentacles, and then the picture faded suddenly and left Mr. Cave most tantalisingly in the dark. On another occasion a vast thing, that Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nCave thought at first was some gigantic insect, appeared advancing along the causeway beside the canal with extraordinary rapidity. As this drew nearer Mr. Cave perceived that it was a mechanism of shining metals and of extraordinary complexity. And then, when he looked again, it had passed out of sight.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAfter a time Mr. Wace aspired to attract the attention of the Martians, and the next time that the strange eyes of one of them appeared close to the crystal Mr. Cave cried out and sprang away, and they immediately turned on the light and began to gesticulate in a manner suggestive of signalling. But when at last Mr. Cave examined the crystal again the Martian had departed.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThus far these observations had progressed in early November, and then Mr. Cave, feeling that the suspicions of his family about the crystal were allayed, began to take it to and fro with him in order that, as occasion arose in the daytime or night, he might comfort himself with what was fast becoming the most real thing in his existence.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIn December Mr. Wace\u2019s work in connection with a forthcoming examination became heavy, the sittings were reluctantly suspended for a week, and for ten or eleven days\u2014he is not quite sure which\u2014he saw nothing of Cave. He then grew anxious to resume these investigations, and, the stress of his seasonal labours being abated, he went down to Seven Dials. At the corner he noticed a shutter before a bird fancier\u2019s window, and then another at a cobbler\u2019s. Mr. Cave\u2019s shop was closed.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe rapped and the door was opened by the step-son in black. He at once called Mrs. Cave, who was, Mr. Wace could not but observe, in cheap but ample widow\u2019s weeds of the most imposing pattern. Without any very great surprise Mr. Wace learnt that Cave was dead and already buried. She was in tears, and her voice was a little thick. She had just returned from Highgate. Her mind seemed occupied with her own prospects and the honourable details of the obsequies, but Mr", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWace was at last able to learn the particulars of Cave\u2019s death. He had been found dead in his shop in the early morning, the day after his last visit to Mr. Wace, and the crystal had been clasped in his stone-cold hands. His face was smiling, said Mrs. Cave, and the velvet cloth from the minerals lay on the floor at his feet. He must have been dead five or six hours when he was found.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThis came as a great shock to Wace, and he began to reproach himself bitterly for having neglected the plain symptoms of the old man\u2019s ill-health. But his chief thought was of the crystal. He approached that topic in a gingerly manner, because he knew Mrs. Cave\u2019s peculiarities. He was dumbfounded to learn that it was sold.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMrs. Cave\u2019s first impulse, directly Cave\u2019s body had been taken upstairs, had been to write to the mad clergyman who had offered five pounds for the crystal, informing him of its recovery; but after a violent hunt in which her daughter joined her, they were convinced of the loss of his address. As they were without the means required to mourn and bury Cave in the elaborate style the dignity of an old Seven Dials inhabitant demands, they had appealed to a friendly fellow-tradesman in Great Portland Street", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe had very kindly taken over a portion of the stock at a valuation. The valuation was his own and the crystal egg was included in one of the lots. Mr. Wace, after a few suitable consolatory observations, a little off-handedly proffered perhaps, hurried at once to Great Portland Street. But there he learned that the crystal egg had already been sold to a tall, dark man in grey. And there the material facts in this curious, and to me at least very suggestive, story come abruptly to an end", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe Great Portland Street dealer did not know who the tall dark man in grey was, nor had he observed him with sufficient attention to describe him minutely. He did not even know which way this person had gone after leaving the shop. For a time Mr. Wace remained in the shop, trying the dealer\u2019s patience with hopeless questions, venting his own exasperation", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nAnd at last, realising abruptly that the whole thing had passed out of his hands, had vanished like a vision of the night, he returned to his own rooms, a little astonished to find the notes he had made still tangible and visible upon his untidy table.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHis annoyance and disappointment were naturally very great. He made a second call (equally ineffectual) upon the Great Portland Street dealer, and he resorted to advertisements in such periodicals as were likely to come into the hands of a bric-a-brac collector", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nHe also wrote letters to The Daily Chronicle and Nature, but both those periodicals, suspecting a hoax, asked him to reconsider his action before they printed, and he was advised that such a strange story, unfortunately so bare of supporting evidence, might imperil his reputation as an investigator. Moreover, the calls of his proper work were urgent", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nSo that after a month or so, save for an occasional reminder to certain dealers, he had reluctantly to abandon the quest for the crystal egg, and from that day to this it remains undiscovered. Occasionally, however, he tells me, and I can quite believe him, he has bursts of zeal, in which he abandons his more urgent occupation and resumes the search.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nWhether or not it will remain lost for ever, with the material and origin of it, are things equally speculative at the present time. If the present purchaser is a collector, one would have expected the enquiries of Mr. Wace to have reached him through the dealers. He has been able to discover Mr. Cave\u2019s clergyman and \u201cOriental\u201d\u2014no other than the Rev. James Parker and the young Prince of Bosso-Kuni in Java. I am obliged to them for certain particulars", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nThe object of the Prince was simply curiosity\u2014and extravagance. He was so eager to buy, because Cave was so oddly reluctant to sell. It is just as possible that the buyer in the second instance was simply a casual purchaser and not a collector at all, and the crystal egg, for all I know, may at the present moment be within a mile of me, decorating a drawing-room or serving as a paper-weight\u2014its remarkable functions all unknown", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nIndeed, it is partly with the idea of such a possibility that I have thrown this narrative into a form that will give it a chance of being read by the ordinary consumer of fiction.", "Short Story Saturday \u2013 The Crystal Egg \u2013 Jay Snelling Art\nMy own ideas in the matter are practically identical with those of Mr. Wace. I believe the crystal on the mast in Mars and the crystal egg of Mr. Cave\u2019s to be in some physical, but at present quite inexplicable, way en rapport, and we both believe further that the terrestrial crystal must have been\u2014possibly at some remote date\u2014sent hither from that planet, in order to give the Martians a near view of our affairs. Possibly the fellows to the crystals in the other masts are also on our globe"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://governor.wyo.gov/media/news-releases/governor-gordon-announces-more-agency-appointments

Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon

["Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nGovernor Gordon announces more agency appointments\nCHEYENNE, Wyo. \u2013 Governor Mark Gordon today announced his appointments for the Wyoming Department of Corrections and Wyoming Department of Family Services, as well as the acting director for the Wyoming Office of Administrative Hearings.\nWYOMING DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nThe governor reappointed Robert O. Lampert as director of the Wyoming Department of Corrections. He has served as the director since 2003. Lampert is a Wyoming native and Marine Corps veteran with more than 45 years of experience in corrections, including military and state service. He retired from the Texas prison system in 1998 as a senior warden", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nHe also worked as superintendent of the largest correctional facility in northwest Oregon and as assistant superintendent at Oregon's only maximum-security institution before moving to Wyoming.", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nThe governor has appointed Korin Schmidt as the director of the Wyoming Department of Family Services. She has served as the deputy director of the Wyoming Department of Health for the last seven years. She supported the director in his function while directing support services for the entire agency. She also led the joint executive and legislative work group managing a $180 million health facilities construction project", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nPreviously she served three years as the deputy administrator for the Public Health Division in the Wyoming Department of Health.", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nSean Chambers will serve as the acting director of the Wyoming Office of Administrative Hearings after Jim Ruby decided to stay as the head of the Wyoming Environmental Quality Council (EQC). Chambers has been a Hearing Examiner at the Office of Administrative Hearings for seven years. He has presided over hearings for many state agencies. Previously, he was an Assistant Attorney General, and in private practice with a Cheyenne firm", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\nHe replaces Peter Froelicher, who was appointed by Governor Matt Mead to be a District Court Judge in Wyoming\u2019s First Judicial District in December 2018.", "Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon\n\"After careful consideration, I have asked to continue as the executive officer at the EQC,\" said Ruby, who has served as the EQC's executive officer since 2008. \"I was very honored that Governor Gordon asked me to take the helm of the Office of Administrative Hearings, but I feel that the EQC is a better fit for me.\"\nGordon added, \"I'm very happy that Jim has decided to continue with EQC, and I cannot think of anyone better suited for this important role.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cba_facpubs/28/

"The Quality Movement in the Supply Chain Environment" by Jeffrey E. Jarrett

["The Quality Movement in the Supply Chain Environment by Jeffrey E. Jarrett\nHome > CBA > CBA_FACPUBS > 28\nCollege of Business Faculty Publications\nThe Quality Movement in the Supply Chain Environment\nJeffrey E. Jarrett, University of Rhode IslandFollow", "The Quality Movement in the Supply Chain Environment by Jeffrey E. Jarrett\nThe purpose is to introduce the demand for the quality movement practice in the supply chain environment. We show both the need and application of these measures, especially the need for multivariate quality concepts to reduce the costs of operating supply chains, to control the flow throughout the supply chain. The purpose is to reduce costs in the supply chain system and improve the probability of meeting the \u201cdue time.\u201d", "The Quality Movement in the Supply Chain Environment by Jeffrey E. Jarrett\nJarrett, J.E. (2013). The Quality Movement in the Supply Chain Environment. Journal of Business & Management, 19(2), 21-34.\nAvailable at: https://www.chapman.edu/business/_files/journals-and-essays/jbm-editions/13-0977_JBM-vol1no2_FINAL.pdf\nAuthor Manuscript\nThis is a pre-publication author manuscript of the final, published article.\nThis article is made available under the terms and conditions applicable\ntowards Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth in our Terms of Use."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.thespinningimage.co.uk/cultfilms/displaycultfilm.asp?reviewid=2420

Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.

["Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nDirector: Paul Schrader\nStars: George C. Scott, Peter Boyle, Season Hubley, Dick Sargent, Leonard Gaines, David Nichols, Gary Graham, Larry Block, Marc Alaimo, Leslie Ackerman, Charlotte McGinnis, Ilah Davis, Paul Marin, Will Walker, Hal Williams, Bibi Besch, Tracey Walter, Reb Brown\nRating: 6 (from 1 vote)", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nReview: It's a quiet life for Grand Rapids businessman Jake VanDorn (George C. Scott), and this Christmas he spends with his family: his sister's family and his teenage daughter Kristen (Ilah Davis). Although strict Calvinist Jake's wife left him a while ago, he thinks he's happy enough and that his daughter is too, so has no qualms about allowing her to go on a church outing to Los Angeles, knowing she will be safe. But how wrong could he be", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nThe shadow of John Ford's The Searchers looms large over writer and director Paul Schrader's follow up to Blue Collar, Hardcore. While his previous film had studied the worst nightmare of the working classes, this time it was the middle classes who suffer the traumatic treatment when Jake is taken by the private detective he has hired to a porno theatre where a short is run for him", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nAnd there on the screen, to his horror, is his daughter, acting in a blue movie; it's a powerful scene, but it's merely replayed over and over again with different variations throughout the rest of the film.", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nPeter Boyle essays the detective role, the man VanDorn turns to when the police let him down, and he is in some ways the sleaziest aspect of the film, purporting to help anguished familes but capitalising on their worries to get himself some action from the porn actresses and prostitutes he is supposed to be investigating. However, it's Scott who steals the show, rendering the story believable even as it edges ever closer to silliness", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nWhat this entails is an abundance of shots of Scott wandering up and down the Los Angeles red light districts and popping into various dodgy establishments to quiz the staff there. Of course, he gets nowhere, but then the narrative gets daft as he decides to pose as a porno movie producer (disguising himself with a porn star moustache, appropriately) and interviewing would be stars until one who matches the description of the performers in his daughter's film appears", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nThis sequence contains the only deliberate bit of humour (an overconfident black performer crying racism when he's rejected), as if to acknowledge the creeping absurdity.", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nPerhaps the major problem with Hardcore is that it rarely gets scummy enough to convince. It actually looks like a TV movie with nudity, a lot of nudity as Schrader - who was brought up a Calvinist - is obviously conflicted over the world he depicts and the relaxed boundaries he enjoys in mainstream cinema of the time", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nBy the time VanDorn is joined by surrogate daughter Niki (Season Hubley), a prostitute who can connect him with the people who have adopted his real daughter into their lifestyle, we are given a few conversations about his faith, and it's clear he has been changed forever whether he finds Kristen or not, but then it's back to the thrill of the seedy underworld. Hardcore should have been more provocative - I don't mean sexually, it has enough of that, but morally", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nAmerican writer and director, a former critic, who specialises in troubled souls. After writing Taxi Driver for Martin Scorcese (who has also filmed Schrader's Raging Bull, The Last Temptation of Christ and Bringing Out the Dead) he made his directorial debut with Blue Collar", "Cat People, Blue Collar, Hardcore.\nAlthough this was not a happy experience, he was not discouraged, and went on to give us Hardcore, American Gigolo, a remake of Cat People, Mishima, The Comfort of Strangers, Light Sleeper, Affliction, Auto Focus and a doomed Exorcist sequel. After the latter his output became troubled in films like The Canyons or Dying of the Light, but First Reformed won him his best reactions in years. He also scripted The Yakuza and Old Boyfriends with his brother Leonard Schrader."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://kisscasper.com/casper-man-has-sex-assault-charges-reduced-to-felonious-restraint/

Casper Man Has Sex Assault Charges Reduced to Felonious Restraint

["Casper Man Has Sex Assault Charges Reduced to Felonious Restraint\nCasper Man Has Sex Assault Charges Reduced to Felonious Restraint\nZach Spadt\nZach Spadt Published: December 13, 2019\nZach Spadt, Townsquare Media\nA Casper man who was accused of sexually assaulting a woman as she slept in May had his charges reduced in Natrona County District Court Friday.\nLuke Evans was initially charged with third-degree sexual assault. He pleaded not guilty to the charges earlier this year.", "Casper Man Has Sex Assault Charges Reduced to Felonious Restraint\nInstead, on Friday, Evans entered a guilty plea to amended charges of felonious restraint. As a part of the plea agreement, Evans will likely serve 3-to-4 years in prison. He will not be required to register as a sex offender as he would have if he were convicted of third-degree sexual assault.\nAn affidavit of probable cause alleged that Evans had been in a consensual intimate relationship with the victim's roommate. The night of the incident, Evans had been at their house while they were painting.", "Casper Man Has Sex Assault Charges Reduced to Felonious Restraint\nEvans had roughly seven full cups of liquor the evening of the incident, the affidavit says.\nThe victim's roommate told Evans he could sleep on the couch. However, the victim felt sorry for Evans and told him he could sleep in her bed.\nShe fell asleep and woke up at 11:30 p.m. The victim told police that her pants and underwear were off and piled up near the door of the bedroom and she believed Evans had assaulted her because she woke up nude from the waist down.", "Casper Man Has Sex Assault Charges Reduced to Felonious Restraint\nOn Friday, Evans pleaded guilty to a portion of Wyoming's felonious restraint law that involves holding someone in \"a condition of involuntary servitude.\"\nFiled Under: Casper Police, Natrona County District Court"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://edition.mv/ac_milan/26985

Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports

["Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nSports / Marathon\nShamha, creating history in Maldivian sports\nShamha\nIt took another Maldivian runner 21 years to surpass Shamha's 100-metre national record set at the 2001 World Championship in Edmonton, Canada.\nHimna Hassan, currently the fastest female sprint runner in the Maldives, set the new record in the Commonwealth games held last year. Shamha was in \u200b\u200bMal\u00e9 training with Coach Nasurallah Ahmed when she got the news of her record being topped.", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nShe wondered why it took so long to set a new record and came to the conclusion that it was due to the athletes' inadequate training. In her opinion, if the right training and resources were provided, the Maldivian athletic team could be far better. While her mind was going over thoughts as such, her coach took her pensive look to mean that she was worried about her record. But it was anything but that for Shamha.", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nA month after her long standing record was broken, Shamha set off four new records which included the half marathon national record at Oslo Marathon, 20 kilometres, 15 kilometres and 10 kilometres records.", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nShamha took a break from training after the birth of her third child and resumed in 2021. However she experienced lower back pains and was advised by doctors to recuperate for six months. She went on to choose Nasru as her trainer which proved to be the ideal choice as his training was motivating and intense at the same time.", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nFollowing the Oslo Marathon, Shamha participated in the Berlin Marathon and broke the previously held marathon record by Mariyam Abdul Kareem with a time of 3 hours, 2 minutes and 41 seconds. Her target was to complete the marathon below 3 hours, but 32 kilometres into the marathon she experienced numbness in her legs. But she persevered, and seeing her daughter rooting for her with a sign that read \"Mamma\"; which means mother in native Dhivehi, was all the more encouraging", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nHad she focused on one specific marathon, Shamha was certain that she could have finished in her projected time and the runner has high hopes for IOG this year in Madagascar.", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nShamha attributes her achievement to living a disciplined lifestyle which she learnt through sports. It takes a lot of time and courage to manage her life as a teacher of digital education at a German school, taking care of her children, and training assiduously, but she has gotten used to it by maintaining a balanced schedule.", "Shamha: Creating History in Maldivian Sports\nHer Indian coach had predicted that the record she will set in the World Championship in Canada would stand for a significant amount of time. Shamha is setting new goals and exceeding them despite the fact that she no longer owns that record, making her name stand out among the country's top athletes.\nAthletes Marathon Shamha Ahmed Running\nMORE ON SPORTS\nJapan's Uno retains world figure skating title\nFAM announces National Futsal League"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/02/803_324845.html

Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances

["Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nAhn backs Yoon for presidency and drops out of race\nYoon Suk-yeol, left, presidential candidate of the main opposition People Power Party, poses with Ahn Cheol-soo, presidential candidate of the minor opposition People's Party after announcing a merger of their candidacies at the National Assembly in Seoul, March 3. Yonhap", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nAhn Cheol-soo of the minor People's Party dropped out of the presidential race Thursday and declared his support for main opposition candidate Yoon Suk-yeol following a surprise last-minute agreement to merge candidacies.\nThe deal came on the eve of early voting ahead of the March 9 election and is expected to boost Yoon's chances in a tight race where he is running neck and neck with ruling party rival Lee Jae-myung of the liberal Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) within the margin of error.", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\n\"Both of us, Ahn Cheol-soo and Yoon Suk-yeol, agreed to combine our minds for a better change of the government,\" Ahn said during a joint news conference with Yoon of the conservative People Power Party (PPP). \"I, Ahn Cheol-soo, decided to support candidate Yoon Suk-yeol.\"\nYoon said he will honor Ahn's wishes and win the election \"without fail\" in order to jointly create a \"successful government of national unity.\"", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\n\"We will achieve a change of government without fail, and following only the wishes of the people, prepare for an era of grand transformation for change and innovation in the Republic of Korea,\" the two said in an agreement read by Ahn.\nAhn said he will work to merge the two parties immediately after the election.\nThe agreement was reached when the two held a surprise meeting in the early hours of Thursday.", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\n\"The two candidates met for about two-and-a-half hours from shortly after midnight until nearly 3 a.m. and agreed on these measures,\" a PPP official told Yonhap News Agency.\n\"They agreed to merge candidacies and parties without any conditions to honor the wishes of the majority of the people who wish for a change of government,\" the official said.", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nThe two had been under pressure from conservatives to merge their campaigns but repeatedly clashed over the method, with Ahn initially proposing an opinion poll to pick a unified candidate.\nBut the PPP balked at the idea, citing the large gap in public support for the two candidates and the possibility of a distortion in the survey results. Specifically, the PPP expressed concern Lee's supporters could pick Ahn over Yoon in the survey to increase Lee's chances of winning the election.", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nAhn then withdrew his offer and vowed to finish the race on his own.\nYoon leads Lee in hypothetical two-way race: polls\nDPK's Lee lectures rival candidate on feminism\nRival candidates clash over cash handouts, tax increase\nSpeaking to reporters after the press conference, Ahn said he believed it was right to \"follow a great cause even if it brings personal losses.\"\nOn a possible role in government after the election, he said he would continue to contemplate \"what role will truly help the people.\"", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nThe DPK denounced the merger, saying it is no more than \"collusion aimed at sharing positions.\"\nRep. Woo Sang-ho, the chief of the DPK campaign committee, made the comment to reporters after an emergency leadership meeting, adding that the committee will move to a 24-hour emergency footing to respond \"in full force.\"\n\"The people of the Republic of Korea are wise,\" he said. \"They have watched the process unfold until now, and we expect them to pass strict judgment.\"\nLee resolved to soldier on.", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\n\"Politics appears to be done by politicians, but in fact, it is done by the people,\" he told reporters after a meeting with the archbishop of Seoul, reading from prepared remarks.\n\"I trust history and the people. I will steadfastly walk the path of people's livelihoods, peace and unity,\" he said.\nSim Sang-jeung, the presidential candidate of the minor Justice Party, said in a radio interview it was \"regrettable\" that Ahn changed course and that she felt an \"emptiness in my heart.\"", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nThe extent to which the merger will affect the election is still uncertain as ballots have already been printed and the votes of Ahn's supporters could spread among the remaining candidates.\nYoon and Lee have been neck and neck with support of around 40 percent each, while Ahn has had around 10 percent.\nAccording to a survey conducted by Embrain Public from Monday to Wednesday, Yoon led Lee 47.4 percent to 41.5 percent in the hypothetical scenario of Yoon merging campaigns with Ahn.", "Ahn drops out of presidential race, backs Yoon; merger of candidacies expected to boost Yoon's chances\nThe gap of 5.9 percentage points was outside the margin of error of plus or minus 2.2 percentage points at the 95 percent confidence level.\nBy law, opinion polls that are conducted within six days of the election, or starting Thursday, cannot be published until after voting closes. (Yonhap)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://stairnaheireann.net/2022/05/01/otd-in-1858-birth-of-activist-feminist-politician-and-businesswoman-jennie-wyse-power-in-baltinglass-co-wicklow-5/

OTD in 1858 – Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power

["OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\n#OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of activist, feminist, politician and businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power, in Baltinglass, Co Wicklow.\nStair na h\u00c9ireannHistory, Ireland, Irish History1916 Easter Rising, Anglo-Irish Treaty, Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow, Cumann na mBan, Cumann na Saoirse, Dublin, Inghinidhe na hEireann, IRB, Ireland, Irish Civil War, Irish War of Independence, Jane O'Toole, Jennie Wise Power, John Wyse Power, Ladies Land League, Sinn Fein", "OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\nJennie Wyse Power, born Jane O\u2019Toole, in Baltinglass, Co Wicklow in 1858. In the 1880s she joined the Ladies Land League and found herself immersed in their activities during the Land War. She would compile lists of those evicted from their homes and also she organised the Land League in Wicklow and Carlow. In 1883 she married John Wyse Power, a journalist who shared her political beliefs; he was a member of the IRB. They had four children together, a fact that did not interfere with her political work.", "OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\nShe helped set up the Irish Women\u2019s Franchise League and was also a founding member of Inghinidhe na h\u00c9ireann and Sinn F\u00e9in becoming Vice-President of both organisations. She was later on the Provisional Committee that set up Cumann na mBan. She rose in the ranks to become one of the most important women of the revolution. In October 1914, she was elected the first President of Cumann na mBan. She was a successful business woman owning four branches of her Irish Farm Produce Company", "OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\nThe 1916 Proclamation was written in her home at 21 Henry Street, and she always maintained that the Military Council signed the proclamation in no particular order; they just signed as it was passed to each of the signatories, though, with James Connolly being eager to be the first to sign. Even the identity of the head of the Provisional Government was not altogether clear.", "OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\nDuring the Rising she supplied food to the Volunteers. After the Rising she and her daughter, Nancy, helped re-organise Cumann na mBan and distribute funds to families suffering hardships, as well as the Prisoners Dependants Fund. These funds had been sent by Clan na Gael in the United States. She was subsequently elected as one of five women members onto Dublin Corporation in 1920 for the Inns Quay \u2013 Rotunda District.", "OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\nPower supported the Treaty and by the end of 1921, she was convinced that in doing so, would mean the need to leave Cumann na mBan to form a separate organisation and helped set up Cumann na Saoirse (The League for Freedom), the pro-Treaty women\u2019s organisation and became its Vice-President. She was a Free State Senator from 1922 until 1936 and was also a member of Cumann na nGaedhal", "OTD in 1858 \u2013 Birth of Activist, Feminist, Politician and Businesswoman, Jennie Wyse Power\nOn 5 January 1941, aged 82, she died at her home in Dublin, and was interred in Glasnevin Cemetery with her husband and daughter, M\u00e1ire (who predeceased her). Her funeral was attended by many from both sides of the D\u00e1il and the former revolutionary movement."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://apprequest.charismanews.com/culture/91181-jonathan-cahn-s-new-book-written-in-perfect-timing

"Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling"

["Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\u21d1 back to \"Culture\"\nJonathan Cahn's New Book Written in Perfect Timing\n11:00AM EST 1/8/2023 Karen Salisbury\nJonathan Cahn (Charisma House)\nRead Time: 5 Minutes, 41 Seconds\nWhen Jonathan Cahn finished his latest book, \"The Return of the Gods\"\u2014released by Charisma Media in September 2022\u2014he had asked and answered many chilling questions:\nIs it possible that the ancient entities known as \"the gods\" have returned to our world?", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nCould these gods lie behind what is happening in our culture today, everything that is now changing our families, our children, our businesses, our government, and our lives?", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nIn the book, Cahn reveals a mystery that spans the ages\u2014how America has opened the door to a dark trinity of ancient gods that has returned to our world, how they are working and moving in all that is taking place around us, initiating social upheavals and cultural revolutions, indwelling our politics, transforming our world\u2014and even our lives.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nBut on the very day that the book was finished, something remarkable happened. Cahn had to tack on an unplanned epilogue to the end of the book in order to address a stunning verdict handed down by the Supreme Court and how it all fit into the mystery.\nA Stunning and Eerie Mystery", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nCahn finished writing \"The Return of the Gods\" on June 24, 2022. That was the exact same day that the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, the ruling that made it illegal for abortion to be prohibited in any part of the nation. It was perhaps the most dramatic Supreme Court ruling in living memory.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"My previous book, 'The Harbinger II,' came out in 2020,\" Cahn writes in the epilogue. \"In the chapter titled 'The Plague' I wrote of the Jubilee of abortion. In the Bible the Jubilee was the year of restoration, restitution, redemption, release, freedom, reversing, and undoing. The Jubilee came once every fifty years.\"", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nCahn recounts that abortion on demand began in America in the year 1970, and notes that New York was prominent in pioneering abortion on demand. It quickly became the nation's abortion capital.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"The prophet Jeremiah warned his nation that the shedding of its children's blood would lead to judgment,\" Cahn writes. \"The death of the little ones would be answered by the death of the generation that had murdered them. One of the ways in which that death would come, according to Jeremiah's prophecy, would be in the form of a plague.\"", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nThe fiftieth year after New York legalized abortion on demand was 2020\u2014the Jubilean year of abortion's entrance into America. \"That year death came to America as it had in ancient times,\" Cahn notes, \"in the form of a plague. The plague was given the name COVID-19.\"\nCahn writes that the connections between what happened in 2020, when the plague struck America, and what happened in 1970, when America began embracing abortion, and what happened in its wake, were stunning and eerie.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"Those connections, which I shared in The Harbinger II, involved correlations of places, times, and exact dates,\" Cahn writes. \"In the year of Jubilee, if you took what did not belong to you, that which you took would be taken from you. America had taken life. Now, in the year of Jubilee, life would be taken from America.\"\nA Reversal", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nBut there was another year and another mystery, says Cahn. \"What began in 1970 culminated in 1973 when the Supreme Court ruled on Roe v. Wade and, in effect, made abortion the law of the land. That meant another Jubilee was coming. When was the Jubilean year of the Supreme Court ruling? The fiftieth year began on January 22, 2022, and would last until January 22, 2023.\"", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nIn The Harbinger II, Cahn wrote this concerning the fiftieth year of abortion in America: \"The Jubilee was the reversal of what had been done since the last Jubilee.\"\n\"So in the Jubilean year of 2022, what had taken place in 1973, Roe v. Wade, was reversed,\" Cahn writes. \"What had been done was undone. The Supreme Court of the fiftieth year had reversed and undone the ruling of the Supreme Court fifty years earlier.\"\nA Turning Back", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nIn The Return of the Gods, Cahn reveals three specific ancient gods\u2014the dark trinity\u2014and takes a shocking look at how they have changed our culture, from what we see on our screens and what our children are being taught in schools, to current events, news, and the movements of our time.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nCahn refers to the last of these three gods as the Destroyer. \"He was the god especially known for child sacrifice and as such, he was the principality most especially bound to and behind abortion,\" says Cahn. \"It was a striking thing that the last revisions needed for the book in the days leading up to the Supreme Court ruling focused on the sacrifices of the Destroyer.\"", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nThe ruling that overturned Roe v. Wade did not end abortion. It did not bring the reign of the Destroyer to an end. But Cahn says it did inaugurate a turning back. In many parts of the nation, it would render the Destroyer's altars inoperable or remove them altogether.\nIs America Headed for Revival or Judgment?", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nAs in his previous books, Cahn uses the Bible to align the pattern of the fall of ancient Israel with what is currently happening in America. In \"The Return of the Gods,\", he reminds readers that there were times in ancient Israel's history that the nation was saved from the brink of judgment.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"It happened in the days of spiritual revival, when the nation turned back to God,\" he writes. \"The most salient sign of that revival and that turning back was the breaking down or removing of the altars that dotted the land in honor of the gods.\"", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nIn the wake of the Supreme Court decision of 2022, America would witness, in many of its regions, the removal and breaking of the Destroyer's modern-day altars. Cahn questions whether this would be a sign of revival\u2014the beginning of our nation's return to God, and its restoration\u2014or it would be an anomaly over which the nation would further divide as it continues its fall from God.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"If it is to be the second, then the future is judgment,\" writes Cahn \"If it is to be the first, then it must come through prayer, repentance, a true turning back, true change, and true spiritual revival. The changing of laws will, in the end, fail if there is not also the changing of hearts. And the changing of hearts comes from God and through revival.\"", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nIt's significant to note that \"The Return of the Gods\" was completed on the exact day that the Supreme Court, after fifty years, overturned its ruling on abortion. \"The book uncovers the gods and their works in our own day,\" Cahn says. \"The Supreme Court ruling was a turning back of the Destroyer. It was an act of life against death. It was a stand against the gods, the breaking down of their altars.\"\nCahn ends by saying that it was a sign to all those who seek to walk in the ways of God.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"All who are called by His name can take encouragement, heart, strength, hope, and courage,\" Cahn says, \"to live unbowed in the face of the gods. It is time to be strong and of good courage. It is time to be bold. It is time to let go of all fear and concern and to take a stand against the darkness and for the light.", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\n\"The darkness will end, but the light will be forever,\" he concludes. \"And so as it is written, be strong in the Lord and in the power of His might, for greater, much greater, is He who is in you than he who is in the world.\"\nThe preceding was excerpted from Jonathan Cahn's New York Times best-selling book, \"The Return of the Gods\" (Frontline, 2022). For more information, or to order the book, visit BooksByJonathanCahn.com.\nBring Charisma magazine home with a subscription today!", "Jonathan Cahn's New Book: The Return of the Gods and the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade Ruling\nTo contact us or to submit an article, click here.\nGet Charisma's best content delivered right to your inbox! Never miss a big news story again. Click here to subscribe to the Charisma News newsletter.\nRelated topics: America | Jonathan Cahn | Return of the Gods | Salvation"]

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\"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 7851, 249.25727304]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 7851, 125.78180929]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 7851, 77.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://nacdlwfe1.azurewebsites.net/Content/BoardResolution~02-07-1998(2)

National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel

["National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nDenouncing Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nNational Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers denounces any such violations of the ethical rules which govern the conduct of all lawyers, and calls upon the Office of the Independent Counsel and all other prosecutors to abide by those ethical rules and to respect the due process rights of all citizens.", "National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nWHEREAS, Rule 4.2 of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, adopted by nearly all of the nation's federal and state courts, has long prohibited attorneys from initiating unauthorized contacts with persons who are represented by counsel; and\nWHEREAS, the rule seeks to preserve the attorney-client relationship and to protect represented persons from unfair, unjust and unethical government overreaching; and", "National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nWHEREAS, appellate courts and lawyer disciplinary authorities have decided that federal prosecutors (which includes those in the office of the Independent Counsel) must comply with these ethical standards; and", "National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nWHEREAS, recent news reports have suggested that the Office of Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr may have flagrantly violated these respected ethical rules by unauthorized communication with a represented person in a manner that could be considered intimidating, coercive and threatening, and which could promote the use of unreliable evidence; and", "National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nWHEREAS, such conduct, whether by the Office of Independent Counsel or other prosecutors, imperils the sanctity of the attorney-client relationship and jeopardizes our adversary system of criminal justice;", "National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Denounces Possible Ethical Violations by the Office of Independent Counsel\nNOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers denounces any such violations of the ethical rules which govern the conduct of all lawyers, and calls upon the Office of the Independent Counsel and all other prosecutors to abide by those ethical rules and to respect the due process rights of all citizens."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.otloaded.com/2022/11/ekweremadus-daughter-in-uk-court-for.html

Ekweremadu’s daughter in UK court for human trafficking

["Ekweremadu\u2019s daughter in UK court for human trafficking\nEkweremadu\u2019s daughter in UK court for human trafficking\nSonia, the daughter of federal lawmaker, Ike Ekweremadu, on Monday appeared in court over the accusation of trafficking a homeless man into the United Kingdom to harvest his organs for herself.\nAccording to the Daily Mail, the younger Ekweremadu was accused alongside her father Ike Ekweremadu, 60, her mother Beatrice Ekweremadu, 56, and 50-year-old doctor Obinna Obeta of conspiracy to arrange the travel of another person with a view to exploitation.", "Ekweremadu\u2019s daughter in UK court for human trafficking\nIt was reported that Ms Ekweremadu has not entered a plea but a trial date has been set for January 31, 2023.\nIt was claimed that Sonia and the accused facilitated the man\u2019s travel from Lagos to London to remove one of his kidneys.\nProsecutors claim the plot was to harvest the man\u2019s organ for Sonia\u2019s benefit.\nSonia has a kidney-related disease and has been on dialysis for some time, the court has been told.", "Ekweremadu\u2019s daughter in UK court for human trafficking\nThey were arrested after the young man, who previously lived on the streets of Lagos, turned up at Staines police station, claiming he was the victim of trafficking.\nThe man told officers he had arrived in the UK on February 20 this year and had been taken to Royal Free Hospital for tests, none of which he consented to.\nThe Daily Mail added that after these tests, the man said he had returned to the house he had been staying in, where he was \u2018treated effectively as a slave\u2019.", "Ekweremadu\u2019s daughter in UK court for human trafficking\nHe said he escaped the address and was homeless for three days before going to the police.\nIke, a barrister and former deputy president of the Nigerian Senate, and his wife Beatrice, were arrested in the UK on June 21 after flying in to Heathrow from Turkey.\nLabels: Ekweremadu, organ trafficking"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://historycollection.com/stunning-images-captured-of-the-most-attractive-people-in-history/45/

Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History

["Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nSessue Hayakawa was one of the very early heartthrobs of the early 20th Century. He first starred in a silent movie called \u201cThe Cheat,\u201d where a woman was offered $10,000 for a night of passion. Hayakawa played a villain and was supposed to serve as a cautionary tale, but his appearance had quite the opposite result. \u201cThe Cheat\u201d became less of a morality tale and more of a forbidden love story. He was one of the first non-white actors to woo white female audiences with his role", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nUnfortunately, the 1930s film industry rules banned any depictions of interracial desire, leading to Hayakawa no longer having a job.", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nYou\u2019ve heard of Bonnie and Clyde; Bonnie Parker is the same Bonnie from the infamous duo known for robbing banks throughout their lives. With no father to speak of and being married at 15, she quickly fell into trouble when she met Clyde while recovering from a broken arm. Clyde started organizing a group of bank robbers, and Bonnie happily joined. Her rough attitude complimented her \u201cwild\u201d appearance, looking like a woman who knew how to have a good time and wouldn\u2019t take flak from anyone", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nThe nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar, Augustus managed to enlarge the Roman empire even further despite splitting the free Republic after Julius Caesar\u2019s death. He worked to develop Rome\u2019s network of roads, the police service, and fire-fighting services that helped to keep the community safe. But outside of his dedication to the people of Rome, he was considered an attractive man from all of the busts and sculptures carved in his likeness, especially if they\u2019re an accurate depiction of his likeness", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nAlso known as Charlie Chaplin, he was mostly known for his comedies, films, and the infamous mustache that a German dictator unfortunately co-opted. His career spanned more than 75 years. Chaplin started from a very young age when his mother was sent to the asylum. He definitely had his good looks to help him along, with his soft, friendly features that seemed kind and gentle, the complete opposite of the slapstick humor he put into his films", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nFrederick Douglass was born into slavery in the early 19th Century and defied society\u2019s standards by teaching himself how to read. In fact, when he wrote his own autobiography, no one believed that a black man could have written it. Douglass fought to free enslaved people. He helped also helped with women\u2019s rights, on top of looking quite handsome", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nOf course, this is not to overshadow the accomplishments he made throughout his life, but it would be a disservice not to at least mention how good-looking he was.", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nOriginally known as Elizabeth, Empress Sisi was the 16-year-old sister of Duchess Helene, whom Franz Josef was initially supposed to marry. But once he took one look at Sisi, he decided to propose to her on the spot, and the rest is history. Sisi was known for having ankle-length dark hair, which she maintained for almost an hour every single day. But she wasn\u2019t just a looks queen. This empress took care of her body with lots of exercises, including horseback riding, fencing, and gymnastics rings", "Stunning Images Captured of the Most Attractive People in History\nMany speculated, however, that she dealt with depression and an eating disorder, so despite being the Empress of Hungary, her life wasn\u2019t all roses."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mitt-romney-bully_b_1510466

Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past

["Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nBullyingmitt-romney-bullyingMitt Romneymitt-romney-bullyqueer voices\nGloves (Mittens?) Off: What the Smackdown Cutting of a Gay Teen's Hair Reveals About Mitt Romney\nRather than simply tease or pick on Lauber, Romney initiated the violent use of force against Lauber, attempting to ensure that Lauber appeared in a fashion acceptable to Romney.\nAnonymous, Contributor\nMay 13, 2012, 03:12 AM EDT | Updated Feb 2, 2016", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nOh, I get it. Mitt Romney was only \"pulling pranks\" when he layed the smackdown and forcibly cut the colored blonde hair of high school classmate John Lauber, who was perceived to be gay, at the prestigious Cranbrook School in the mid-1960s, during the reign of Romney's powerful father as Michiagn's governor.", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nAccording to The Washington Post Romney said, \"'He [Lauber] can't look like that. That's wrong. Just look at him!'\" So Romney (and at least five others who are not the presidential nominee of one of the two largest political parties in the U.S.) targeted and teased Lauber based on Lauber's identity. Witnesses at the time also claimed that Romney tauntingly said \"atta girl!\" to another gay classmate during class.", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nThus Romney didn't just tease John Lauber for perhaps failing to conform to Romney's worldview, or Romney's church's views, or Romney's then-governor-father's need to buy into the societal, dominant-majority, collectivist mindset. No. Rather than simply tease or pick on Lauber, Romney initiated the violent use of force against Lauber, attempting to ensure that Lauber appeared in a fashion acceptable to Romney.", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nThe nexus between Romney's church's view relative to people with other identities remained so strong well into Romney's adulthood -- into his 30s, in fact -- that Romney's church didn't allow black clergy until 1978", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nSo while Romney may try to suppress this claim of discrimination against Lauber's different identity during his school years by calling it a youthful indiscretion, it's more challenging to explain that claim once placed in the context of Romney's not rejecting, as a 30-something, his church's position holding that persons who were black were simply too inferior to be church clergy", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nPerhaps I missed Romney's personal \"evolution\" on that matter, but my research shows only that Romney's change on the issue occurred following his church's official change. However, I invite you to correct me if I'm in error. And while no church is beyond criticism, the point here is that Romney's worldview from cradle well into adulthood was shaped by a legitimacy underpinned by treating various \"others\" as inferior.", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nSegueing from the religious milieu buttressing Romney's understanding of others and now returning to a discussion of Romney and Lauber directly, Romney's initiation of violent force against Lauber wasn't just (the still-wrong) shoves into lockers or pushes into hallway walls that many kids endure at school", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nInstead, The Washington Post indicated that \"Lauber, his eyes filling with tears, screamed for help, [and] Romney repeatedly clipped his hair with a pair of scissors.\" Five different people involved recall this incident unfolding in the same way, four of whom spoke on the record, including a dentist, a practicing lawyer, a retired prosecutor, and a retired school principal. One of these men said that the attack was \"vicious.\"", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nIn 1984 (in the days before Ed Lesley may have mainstreamed haircutting as a silly form of entertainment), the organization then known as the World Wrestling Federation (now World Wrestling Entertainment) used a haircutting beat-down of legendary entertainer Andre the Giant (standing 7'4\", weighing nearly a quarter of a ton, and displaying unwieldy locks of black hair) to set a precedent for how heel characters could draw heat from the fans", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nWhat could be more degrading in the eyes of the public, even in the eyes of those who may have recognized at the time that wrestling was indeed scripted, than for two people to hold down and cut the hair of a unique individual who looked different from everyone else", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\n? To the fans, regular scripted violence was one thing, but the scripted violence that attacked one of the core features of Andre the Giant that could be changed -- how he wore his hair -- led the television announcer (WWE owner Vince McMahon) to claim that this forcible haircutting was \"sheer humiliation ..", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nthat should not happen to anybody,\" that \"rap[ed] the dignity\" of the person whose hair was being cut against his will, and that was \"one of the most despicable displays of conduct in the history of the World Wrestling Federation.\"", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nThink about that. This act, the act of cutting someone's hair against that person's will, was one of the most despicable displays in the history of an entertainment genre that, at its core, glorifies violence over all else. This act was so over-the-top at the time, even in the world of pro-wrestling, that fans reacted by throwing cups and bottles into the ring at the entertainers who were cutting Andre the Giant's hair against his will.", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nSo I invite you to advance to the 3:30 mark of this video, watch for yourself, and imagine Mitt Romney and his acolytes doing the same to John Lauber in Romney's attempt to exorcise Lauber's \"wrong\" difference, just as Big John Studd and former Brigham Young University athlete Ken Patera did to Andre the Giant.", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nWhen asked about the Lauber incident this week, Romney laughed and said that he didn't recall the incident. But unlike previous presidential nominees, such as Democrat Al Gore and Republican George W", "Bullying, Mitt Romney, and High School Hijinks: A Closer Look at the Presidential Nominee's Past\nBush, whose youths were lived in chemically induced hazes, Romney (whose opposition to re-legalizing marijuana remains so strong that he wants to use force against patients who use the herb medicinally) can't explain away this part of his youth as having resulted from drug-created memory loss; he was stone-cold sober. Therefore, either Romney has beaten down and forcibly cut the hair of a large number of non-heteronormative people in his life, or he's lying"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=DV9NAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA14&vq=President&dq=editions:ISBN0933121563&hl=vi&output=html_text&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4

When Africa Awakes: The "inside Story" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison

["When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nWhen Africa Awakes: The \"inside Story\" of the Stirrings and Strivings of the ...\nT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hubert H. Harrison\nthe meeting, the following resolutions were adopted and a petition to Congress was prepared and circulated. In addition the meeting sent a telegram to the Jews of Russia, congratulating them upon the acquisition of full political and civil rights and expressing the hope that the United States might soon follow the democratic example of Russia.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nResolutions Passed at the Liberty League Meeting Two thousand Negro-Americans assembled in mass-meeting at Bethel A. M. E. Church to protest against lynching in the land of liberty, and disfranchisement in the home of democracy have, after due deliberation, adopted the following resolutions and make them known to the world at large in the earnest hope that whenever the world shall be made safe for democracy our corner of that world will not be forgotten.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nWe believe that this world war will and must result in a larger measure of democracy for the peoples engaged thereinwhatever may be the secret ambitions of their several rulers.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nWe therefore ask, first, that when the war shall be ended and the council of peace shall meet to secure to every people the right to rule their own ancestral lands free from the domination of tyrants, domestic and foreign, the similar rights of the 250,000,000 Negroes of Africa be conceded. Not to concede them this is to lay the foundation for more wars in the future and to saddle the new democracies with the burden of a militarism greater than that under which the world now groans.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nSecondly, we, as Negro-Americans who have poured out our blood freely in every war of the Republic, and upheld her flag with undivided loyalty, demand that since we have shared to the full measure of manhood in bearing the burdens of democracy we should also share in the rights and privileges of that democracy.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nAnd we believe that the present time, when the hearts of ninety millions of our white fellow-citizens are aflame with the passionate ardor of democracy which has carried them into the greatest war of the age with the sole purpose of suppressing autocracy in Europe, is the best time to appeal to them to give to twelve millions of us the elementary rights of democracy at home.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nFor democracy, like charity, begins at home, and we find it hard to endure without murmur and with the acquiescence of our government the awful evils of lynching, which is a denial of the right to life; of segregation, Jim Crowism and peonage, which are a denial of the right to liberty; and disfranchisement, which is a denial of justice and democracy.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nAnd since Imperial Russia, formerly the most tyrannous government in Europe, has been transformed into Republican Russia, whereby millions of political serfs have been lifted to the level of citizenship rights; since England is offering the meed of political manhood to the hitherto oppressed Irish and the down-trodden Hindu; and since these things have helped to make good the democratic assertions of these countries of the old world now engaged in war;\nTherefore, be it resolved :", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nThat we, the Negro people of the first republic of the New World, ask all true friends of democracy in this country to help us to win these same precious rights for ourselves and our children.\nThat we invite the government's attention to the great danger which threatens democracy through the continued violation of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments, which is a denial of justice and the existence of mob-law for Negroes from Florida to New York;", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nThat we intend to protest and to agitate by every legal means until we win these rights from the hands of our government and induce it to protect democracy from these dangers, and square the deeds of our nation with its declarations;\nThat we create adequate instruments for securing these ends and make our voice heard and heeded in the councils of our country, and\nThat copies of these resolutions be forwarded to the Congress of the United States and to such other public bodies as shall seem proper to us.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nThe Liberty League's Petition to the House of Representatives\nof the United States, July 4, 1917\nWe, the Negro people of the United States, loyal to our country in every respect, and obedient to her laws, respectfully petition your honorable body for a redress of the specific grievances and flagrant violations of your own laws as set forth in this statement.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nWe beg to call your attention to the discrepancy which exists between the public profession of the government that we are lavishing our resources of men and money in this war in order to make the world safe for democracy, and the just as public performances of lynching-bees, Jim-crowism and disfranchisement in which our common country abounds.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nWe should like to believe in our government's professions of democracy, but find it hard to do so in the presence of the facts; and we judge that millions of other people outside of the country will find it just as hard.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nDesirous, therefore, of squaring our country's profession with her performance, that she may not appear morally contemptible in the eyes of friends and foes alike, we, the Negro people of the United States, who have never been guilty of any disloyalty or treason to our government, demand that the nation shall justify to the world her assertions of democracy by setting free the millions of Negroes in the South from political and civil slavery through the enactment of laws which will either take the Negroes under the direct protection of the U", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nS. Congress by making lynching a Federal crime, or (by legislative mandate) compelling the several States which now deprive the Negroes of their right to self-government, to give them the suffrage as Russia has done for her Jews. W ask his in the name of the American declaration that the world shall be made safe for democracy and fervently pray that your honorable body will not go back upon democracy.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nThis nation is now at war to make the world \u201csafe for democracy,\" but the Negro's contention in the court of public opinion is that until this nation itself is made safe for twelve million of its subjects the Negro, at least, will refuse to believe in the democratic assertions of the country. The East St. Louis pogrom gives point to this contention", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nHere, on the eve of the celebration of the Nation's birthday of freedom and equality, the white people, who are denouncing the Germans as Huns and barbarians, break loose in an orgy of unprovoked and villainous barbarism which neither Germans nor any other civilized people have ever equalled.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nHow can America hold up its hands in hypocritical horror at foreign barbarism while the red blood of the Negro is clinging to those hands? so long as the President and Congress of the United States remain dumb in the presence of barbarities in their own land which would tip their tongues with righteous indignation if they had been done in Belgium, Ireland or Galicia?", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nAnd what are the Negroes to do? Are they expected to re-echo with enthusiasm the patriotic protestations of the boot-licking leaders whose pockets and positions testify to the power of the white man's gold? Let there be no mistake. Whatever the Negroes may be compelled by law to do and say, the resentment in their hearts will not down. Unbeknown to the white people of this land a temper is being developed among Negroes with which the American people will have to reckon.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nAt the present moment it takes this form: If white men are to kill unoffending Negroes, Negroes must kill white men in defense of their lives and property. This is the lesson of the East St. Louis massacre.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nThe press reports declare that, \u201cthe troops who were on duty during the most serious disturbances were ordered not to shoot.\" The civil and military authorities are evidently winking at the work of the mobs\u2014horrible as that was\u2014and the Negroes of the city need not look to them for protection. They must protect themselves. And even the United States Supreme Court concedes them this right.\nThere is, in addition, a method of retaliation which we urge upon them.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nIt is one which will hit those white men who have the power to prevent lawlessness just where they will feel it most, in the place where they keep their consciences\u2014the pocket-book. Let every Negro in East St. Louis and the other cities where race rioting occurs draw his money from the savings-bank and either bank it in the other cities or in the postal savings bank", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nThe only part of the news reports with which we are well pleased is that which states that the property loss is already estimated at a million and a half of dollars.", "When Africa Awakes: The inside Story of the Stirrings and Strivings of the Colored Race by Hubert H. Harrison\nAnother reassuring feature is the one suppressed in most of the news dispatches. We refer to the evidences that the East St. Louis Negroes organized themselves during the riots and fought back under some kind of leadership. We Negroes will never know, perhaps, how many whites were killed by our enraged brothers in East St. Louis. It isn't the news-policy of the white newspapers (whether friendly or unfriendly) to spread such news"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt17526662/?ref_=tt_rvi_tt_i_7

Buried Seeds

["Buried Seeds\nAt the moment of Burt's death, he suddenly finds himself in his son's apartment, and the two come to a mends about where Burt has been for the last three years and why he disappeared, during..", "Buried Seeds\nRead allAt the moment of Burt's death, he suddenly finds himself in his son's apartment, and the two come to a mends about where Burt has been for the last three years and why he disappeared, during which they each realize and accept the love and the human fallibility in parenthood.At the moment of Burt's death, he suddenly finds himself in his son's apartment, and the two come to a mends about where Burt has been for the last three years and why he disappeared, during which they each realize and accept the love and the human fallibility in parenthood.", "Buried Seeds\nChristine Spang\nRocco Sisto\nMichael Cuomo\nBryce Landon Wiescinski\nYoung Marcus\n(voice)\nJack Scrivo\nCleveland.\nAugust 12, 2022 (United States)\nBy what name was Superman (2022) officially released in Canada in English?"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://link.gplfreetheme.com/web-stories/coolio-found-dead-at-age-59/

Coolio Found Dead at Age 59

["Coolio Found Dead at Age 59\nCoolio Found Dead at Age 59\nCoolio Found Dead at Age 59 appeared first on Consequences. Coolio, the rapper best known for his chart-topping single \"Gangsta's Heaven,\" has died at the age of 59, according to TMZ.\nTMZ reports that Coolio died from cardiac arrest on Wednesday. At the time of his death, he was at a friend\u2019s house, his manager said. After the rapper went to the bathroom and never returned, his body was found laying on the floor.", "Coolio Found Dead at Age 59\nParamedics pronounced him dead at the scene. Released in 1995, the Stevie Wonder-sampling, L.V.-featuring \"Gangsta's Paradise\" was an ominous yet infectious document of gangster life,\nCoolio is born Artis Leon Ivey Jr. on August 1st, 1963. After moving from Monessen, Pennsylvania to Compton,\nCalifornia, he came up in the West Coast rap scene of the 1980s and '90s, releasing his first single, \u201cWhatcha Gonna Do?\u201d, in 1987.", "Coolio Found Dead at Age 59\nThe same year, he released his solo debut, It Takes a Thief, home to the platinum single Fantastic Voyage.\n\u201cGangsta\u2019s Paradise\u201d arrived in 1995 and became one of hip-hop\u2019s rawest, most ending singles.\nJust two weeks before his death, Coolio performed at the 2022 edition of Riot Fest in Chicago."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://avalonianaeon.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.html

Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster

["Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nCrowley and Loch Ness monster Glastonbury lecture\nBoleskine House.\nI am presenting a Typhonian entertainment on Aleister Crowley and the Loch Ness monster this Saturday afternoon in the Assembly Rooms in Glastonbury High St between 2.45 and 3.45 as part of a Glastonbury Mystic Fayres event. \u00a35.00 admittance for entire event including other lectures.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nAleister Crowley is the second most famous inhabitant of Loch Ness, having owned a home there in the early years of the last century. Occult folklore has suggested a link between his activities there and the later return of the monster. This power point presentation examines these stories in the greater context of monster hunting, UFOlogy, and the magick of Crowley's Aeon.\nIt is based on the chapter 'Loch Ness Leviathan and the Boleskine Kiblah' in my book 'Aleister Crowley and the Aeon of Horus'.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nPosted by Paul Weston at 22:26 2 comments:\nStele of Revealing anniversary\nStele of Revealing in 1997. Photo Andrew Collins, enhanced by Sue Collins.\nToday is an important occult anniversary. It marks the occasion when Aleister Crowley first saw the artefact that played a central role in his reception of The Book of the Law. Here is a brief account of that event. A full version of the whole story, including what followed a few weeks later is featured in my Aleister Crowley and the Aeon of Horus.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe most important event of Crowley\u2019s life occurred in Cairo in 1904 when he believed that he received a holy scripture for a newly dawning epoch, the Aeon of Horus. The previous year, when on honeymoon with his wife Rose, they had briefly passed through Cairo and spent the night in the Great Pyramid. At that time Crowley was not actively involved in ceremonial magic of the western mystery tradition. He had dedicated a lot of time and energy to work within the Golden Dawn between 1898 and 1900", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nAfter that he had put it all aside to climb mountains, study yoga and Buddhism, and play the role of the world traveller and romantic poet.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe evocative environment of Egypt and the desire to impress his wife tempted him to perform what he would later refer to as a little \u201cexhibition game\u201d of magic inside the King\u2019s Chamber. This may have acted as a stimulus for the sequence of events that followed a few months later. In February 1904, they were back in Cairo. By March, Crowley was involved in Golden Dawn type magic again", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nHis wife began to experience altered states of consciousness and conveyed a message to Crowley that \u201cthey\u201d were waiting for him. Crowley always stated that, until that moment, she had shown no interest or aptitude in the magical realm. At first he was dismissive of the material but the trance like states persisted and, under his questioning, she began to reveal details that compelled his attention.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nOn March 18th Rose said that it was the Egyptian God Horus who was \u201cwaiting.\u201d As a result of this, Crowley performed two ceremonial invocations to him. They were interesting because the ritual details were supplied by Rose and did not conform to Golden Dawn procedures. She went on to state that the \u201cEquinox of the Gods\u201d had come. The old world, the epoch of Christianity, had been destroyed by fire on the inner planes", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nDuring the whole of this process, Crowley held to a certain attitude of scepticism towards the strange behaviour of his wife. Over a period of a few days he applied twelve tests to verify the genuineness of the communication from Horus. They mainly consisted of him asking Rose to pick out various attributes of Horus, such as the planet associated with him, his weapon, enemy, and Golden Dawn colour and numerical designations. She was entirely successful in every instance", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nGiven her complete lack of knowledge of Egyptology, Crowley considered that the statistical odds against her picking them all correctly by chance were astronomical.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe most spectacular \u201cproof\u201d came when, on March 21st, he took her to the Cairo Museum to see if she could identify an image of Horus. She passed by a number, which greatly pleased Crowley, as he was irritated to see his wife seeming to have a melodramatic episode like the kind of fake mediums he despised", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nAmidst the \u201cBoulak collection,\u201d a group of items brought from another museum that had closed in 1890, she then exclaimed \u201cThere he is,\u201d pointing down the end of a corridor to an exhibit that was not yet clearly in view.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nMobile phone pic of Stele in its current location.\nIt turned out to be a wooden funerary stele of one Ankh-af-na-Khonsu, a Priest of Mentu, a God of War, dating from about 725 BC.\nMobile phone pic of funerary sarcophagus of Ankh af na Khonsu currently located just outside room holding the Stele.\nDetail on Ankh af na Khonsu sarcophagus.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nOn it was an image of Ra Hoor Khuit, who is a kind of amalgam of Horus and Ra. This was interesting enough but what clinched the matter for Crowley was seeing that the exhibit number was 666.\nThe original 666 exhibit card is still displayed although the Stele is now catalogued under the number 9422. Photo Andrew Collins.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThis famous number, attributed to the Great Beast of the Book of Revelation, and the happy hunting ground of numerologists and nutters down through the ages, was one that Crowley had already personally adopted as his own. His parents had been members of a fanatical Christian sect and his mother had used the name of the Beast to castigate her young son. He had happily accepted this as a token of rebellion. Today educated pagans consider that it represents the energy of the sun", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nSome of the other tests could be interpreted as Rose somehow reading her husband\u2019s mind. This would be remarkable in itself but not as striking as the idea that an ancient Egyptian God was seeking to communicate. From that point onwards, Crowley allowed himself to go along with the strange adventure.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThanks to Daniel Gallagher for leading me to funerary sarcophagus of Ankh af na Khonsu and Richard Sprigg for clarifying some details on the 'Boulak collection'I was unaware of at the time of writing my book.\nLabels: Aleister Crowley, Stele of Revealing\nSunday, 7 March 2010\nGurdjieff, Tibet, and the Kali Yuga.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nHaving felt Gurdjieff in the airwaves I have decided to post almost all of a chapter from my Aleister Crowley and the Aeon of Horus that forms part of an ongoing theme in the book to establish a wider context and perspective for Crowley's Aeon concept. I believe there is a striking correlation between the events in Cairo experienced by the Beast in 1904 and what Gurdjieff described as occurring simultaneously in Tibet.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nGeorge Ivanovitch Gurdjieff was perhaps the most mysterious, haunting magus figure of the twentieth century. Like Crowley, he has been reviled as a charlatan. Others have seen him as a superhuman ambassador of Central Asian esoteric schools. Born some time in the eighteen-seventies in the multicultural melting pot of Armenia, he claimed to have spent decades on a quest for living sources of ancient wisdom. His overwhelming charisma and unusual knowledge and abilities convinced many he had succeeded", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nHe came to prominence as a teacher of esoteric knowledge in Tsarist Russia. The revolution forced a departure to Europe. In the early twenties he established a base in France in a large house with extensive grounds. Many people of a high level of culture and breeding joined him there.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nGurdjieff wrote a gigantic and difficult to read work entitled Beelzebub\u2019s Tales to his Grandson which included much material that seemed to be autobiographical, including a strange account of events in Tibet at the time of the dawning of Crowley\u2019s Aeon of Horus.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nDuring the late nineteenth century Britain and Russia engaged in what\u2019s been called the \u201cGreat Game\u201d in Asia. India was the jewel in the imperial crown. Russia had expanded across the continent. Spheres of influence were contended. Afghanistan and Tibet became places where political intrigues were played out as the two super-powers vied for position. One result of this involved a British expedition entering Tibet in 1903 led by a man named Francis Younghusband", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nIt was not a full-blown invasion but the group was primarily military and its intention was to force Tibet into opening up more fully to British influence.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nGurdjieff was supposedly in Tibet during this period. Beelzebub\u2019s Tales gives an account of the history of a particular esoteric group, always numbering seven people, which had been founded by a divine messenger named by Gurdjieff in his typically idiosyncratic style as Saint Krishnatkharna. This is generally taken to refer to Krishna", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThis group endured and adapted through the time of Buddha and the arrival of his teaching in Tibet with its adoption by Saint Lama who can be thought of as Padmasambhava, founder of Tibetan Buddhism. The group were extremely powerful and played a mysterious role in the balance of global forces.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThey were still active when the Younghusband expedition entered Tibet. Their leader was present when a kind of national assembly discussed how best to meet the challenge. He advocated a pacifist approach which was subsequently adopted with him accompanying a group sent out to meet the British. This went horribly wrong when the great adept was shot dead.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe dynamic of the group of seven which had lasted for millennia was fatally compromised. There were detailed instructions handed down from Saint Lama concerning the transmission of the teachings by the leader which were determined by the spiritual preparedness of the other six. The leader was on the verge of becoming the divine messenger of the age. At the vital point the survivors were on the threshold but the process was incomplete", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThey took a hardcore esoteric option, attempting to communicate through the corpse of their leader with what might be termed his spiritual energies. Gurdjieff used a variety of complex terminology to describe the process. For such an undertaking to be successful it should have been started whilst the leader was still alive.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nSufficient to say the gamble catastrophically failed. Some kind of negative alchemy occurred resulting in a huge explosion referred to by Gurdjieff as the \"Sobrionolian contact.\u201d The remaining group were killed and all of the texts and relics of their tradition were destroyed. This disaster meant that planetary conditions as a whole immediately deteriorated. To what extent the story is meant to be taken literally is difficult to assess", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe most notable event in the Younghusband expedition could well be the one referred to by Gurdjieff. On March 31st 1904 British and Tibetan forces faced each-other at point-blank range in a situation that seemed to offer possibilities of peaceful resolution. Discussions were in progress when a shot was fired. The Tibetans, hemmed in and armed with antiquated muskets, soon suffered somewhere in the region of 700 fatalities. Himalayan mountaineer Crowley was already in Cairo", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nA few days before, he had been informed that the old world was in the process of disappearing in flames. The usual accounts state that barely a week later, he took dictation of The Book of the Law. This fits together very interestingly.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThere is another Tibetan flavoured strand of evocative data independent of Gurdjieff that also gels intriguingly with the Thelemic mythos. Gods, Beasts and Men by Ferdinand Ossendowski was published in 1922. It was an account of Central Asian travels and the author\u2019s encounters with a tradition of a secret kingdom where the true rulers of the planet reside. Shambhala is the most well-known name for this fabled realm", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nIt represents a living and vital reality for the Tantric Buddhists of Tibet and Mongolia, who believe it to be the home of a system of secret wisdom. Some of this is embodied in the teachings of the Kalachakra, which means \u201cWheel of Time,\u201d a system widely taught by the current Dalai Lama. Its origins are believed to predate Buddha, who visited Shambhala himself to be initiated in its mysteries", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nOn the one hand it has a tangible physical location but also strange qualities which can hide it from the profane, making it all but invisible to the outside world. Its pilgrims are somehow summoned by subtle inner means.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nIn some versions, this kingdom has a connected underground realm called Agarttha. Ossendowski related that an awesome being known as the \u201cKing of the World\u201d lives there. A remarkable story tells of how he actually appeared above ground and visited a Mongolian monastery in 1890", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nHe uttered a series of prophecies concerning a time of warfare and tribulation that was soon to come upon the world and would usher in \u201ca new life on the earth, purified by the death of nations.\u201d After this, the underground super-beings of Agarttha would rise up and claim the world. One obvious problem here is that the account was published after the First World War and the Russian Revolution so cynics can wonder if the traveller created a retrospective fiction.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nBeyond Ossendowski, during the twenties, there was a powerful belief in Central Asia that a time of an earthly kingdom of Shambhala was near. There were elements that a westerner could recognise from Christian millennial enthusiasms over the coming of the New Jerusalem. In a time of profound uncertainty in Asia following the Bolshevik revolution and the increasing power of Japan, Shambhala focused nationalist aspirations. A warrior lord was expected to lead the process. He was Gesar Khan", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThis hero of Tibetan and Mongolian myth cycles may have lived in the 8th century AD. A champion of righteousness, he had disappeared with a hint of return. I rather feel that something of this idea of a coming Shambhalic epoch presided over by a warrior and involving \u201cthe death of nations\u201d has resonances with the Aeon of Horus.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nBlavatsky\u2019s Theosophy introduced to a western audience the vast Hindu time cycles known as Yugas. There are four of differing lengths during which planetary conditions range from paradisiacal purity down through a declining spiral to a dense darkness of unrighteousness. We are currently in one of the final Kali Yugas and therefore surrounded by things likely to induce a general fear and desperation and the sense of a world that is ending", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe great French esotericist and expounder of the Yugas Rene Guenon cautioned against what is in the bigger picture a false perspective. Ends are inseparable from beginnings. The golden age follows the greatest darkness. Regardless of planetary upheavals, humanity survives the Kali Yugas.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThe different ages call forth particular religious forms. One primordial wisdom tradition remains functioning on varied levels of visibility. Many groups lack a true connection with it and therefore serve only as often debased expressions of temporary conditions. Guenon believed that most of the occultism and Theosophically inspired eastern influenced beliefs of the current times are typical Kali Yuga manifestations and did not serve true spirituality.\nRene Guenon", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nIn The Lord of the World published in 1927, Guenon linked Agarttha with the Yugas. He depicts it as the spiritual axis of the planet, the true source and centre of the primordial tradition. During the Kali Yuga it is hidden from sight and its connections to religious groups weakened or broken. Now, as we experience the greatest darkness, we are also near to the ending of the cycle with the hope of change to come", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nThis raises questions concerning Crowley\u2019s magick, and the Aeon of Horus. Is it a transient and debased cultus or does it link with the primordial wisdom tradition? Are there other links between Crowley and Gurdjieff? And what of the vexed issue of the so-called Secret Chiefs who allegedly govern the great occult and mystical groups down through the ages? These are themes that will be examined in Extra-Terrestrial Gnosis.", "Aleister Crowley, Glastonbury and the Loch Ness Monster\nFor now it is sufficient to register that the two most significant magus figures of the twentieth century both stated that a cataclysmic new epoch had been unleashed upon the world. Not only that, they both dated it\u2019s beginning to exactly the same obscure period of time that had been generally unheralded by astrologers and other prophets.\nPosted by Paul Weston at 14:41 1 comment:\nLabels: Aleister Crowley, Gurdjieff, Rene Guenon"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.tribemagazine.com/board/threads/r-i-p-anita-mui-the-chinese-madonna.57469/

R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna

["R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nR.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nThread starter MoFo\nMoFo\nAnita Mui, 40: Singer called Chinese Madonna\nMuch-loved diva mourned by stars\nCanadian resident during early '90s\nMARY NERSESSIAN\nAnita Mui, Hong Kong's favourite songstress and entertainer, died late yesterday, just four months after revealing she had cervical cancer.\nThe 40-year-old Cantopop singer and film actor was often called the Chinese Madonna because of frequent makeovers.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nWhen she held a press conference in September to break the news about her deteriorating health, she told the media, \"I am not a weak person ... I can tell you I have never had any fears and I will win this fight.\"\nAnd in November, she proved her determination by performing a series of concerts.\nBut she did not win her battle. She died in the Hong Kong Sanitorium and Hospital at 2:50 a.m. local time due to lung complications, according to friends by her bedside.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nJackie Chan, who co-starred with her in Rumble in the Bronx and other films, appeared on television after her death saying, \"She didn't belong to the entertainment industry. She belonged to all Hong Kong people.\"\nShe was better known in North America for movie roles alongside Jackie Chan, Jet Li and Michelle Yeoh.\nMui lived in Canada for two years in the early 1990s, but lost her status as a landed immigrant because she spent more than six months abroad, mostly in Hong Kong and Hawaii.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nIn 2002 she came to Toronto as part of her 20th anniversary world tour. Three-quarters of her tickets were sold within a month after they were released.\nShe first broke onto the music scene when she won first place at the First New Talent Singing Contest in 1982. In her first 11 years as a singer, more than 10 million copies of her albums were sold.\nIn 1987, she also won Taiwan's Golden Horse award for best actress for her role as a ghost in the film Rouge.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nHer elder sister, Mui-Oi-fong, also died of cancer in 2000.\nHong Kong newspapers yesterday published special editions commemorating Mui. Apple Daily ran photos of Hong Kong stars streaming in to visit her before her death, including singers Andy Lau, Eason Chan, Nicholas Tse, Sammi Cheng and Bond girl Michelle Yeoh.\nMui, who was not married, was also known for her charity work. She established the Anita Mui Charity Foundation in the early 1990s.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nMost recently, on Dec. 14, crowds gathered in Ngee Ann City to catch a glimpse of Mui at a fundraiser sale of her new book, The Heart of the Modern Woman, reported Today Online.\nBut she was too ill to show up.\nHer book featured herself and fellow Hong Kong artists and friends discussing issues faced by modern women such as relationships and love.\nProfits from the book went to the Children's Cancer Foundation.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nMui's death came eight months after the suicide of Hong Kong star Leslie Cheung, who rose to fame at the same time as Mui in the 1980s.\nThe two were reportedly close friends who would room together during overseas concert tours. Cheung also starred in Rouge.\nCantopop refers to hits sung in Cantonese, the dialect of Chinese that is widely spoken in Hong Kong and in many overseas Chinese communities.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nMui performed at Casino Niagara in July, 2002 and also in Toronto, part of her world tour celebrating 20 years as an entertainer. Her only previous concert in Toronto was in 1993.\nAlso known as the diva of Asia, Mui, who began singing in nightclubs at age 4, was often compared with Madonna, not only because their careers started at almost the same time but because they both constantly projected a new image.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nHer gender-bending persona ranged from elegant aristocrat to charming sexpot and much of her concert budget was spent on costumes.\nMui recorded 39 albums in Mandarin, Cantonese and Japanese, ranging from pop to Chinese opera.\nWith files from Canadian Press\nIf anyone gets a chance, check out her movie Rouge, starring the late Leslie Cheung. It's one of my favourite films of all times about a deadcourtesan who comes back to the future to find her husband who is still alive.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nShe was one of my favourites. She ruled over Madonna when I was a kid and I still have an autographed picture from her that a family friend got her to sign for me at a party.\nI also have some memorabilia. It's pretty sad because she's sort of the Chinese Madonna. Everyone over 25 should know her in my culture. She's pretty up there with many famous HK stars. She's a tough cookie and I hope she's at peace now. She's had a rough life.", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nI can't believe she's dead. Anita Mui was awesome. Not only was she a great singer, she starred in a ton of classic movies like Legend of Drunken Master, The Enforcer, Rumble in the Bronx. This is a truly great loss to the asian community and the world in general. She will be missed. R.I.P.\nWhat character in Rumble? Was she the geeky chick in the glasses that helped run the store?\ndj Red Turtle\nWOW... this is a total shock.\nKlubmasta Will\nvery very sad.\nOriginally posted by Snapper", "R.I.P. Anita Mui: the Chinese Madonna\nAnd in Drunken Master she was the \"mother\"......\nthat's too bad\nKillaLadY\nOk, this just made me cry... my mom has cervical cancer.\nMrMarcus\ndamn! even tho I can't stand canto-pop, I loved her style and she had some good movies. RIP\nMy best wishes to you and your family, Killalady."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.urbaneyewdm.com/articles/general/418152-macular-hole

Macular Hole: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

["Macular Hole: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment\nThe condition known as a macular hole refers to a tiny break in the macula that results in blurry or distorted vision. To fully understand the condition, one must understand eye anatomy. The macula is a spot located in the center of the retina (the back portion of the eye). Located where light comes to a focused point in the eye, the macula is the portion of the eye most concentrated with color detecting cones and responsible for seeing clear color vision", "Macular Hole: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment\nMacular hole development usually occurs gradually. As a result, the first symptoms include slight distortions of vision. For example, straight lines might appear wavy or you might have difficulty reading or recognizing faces. A sudden loss of vision in one eye usually follows these early symptoms.", "Macular Hole: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment\nA gel-like substance called vitreous fills most of the eye's interior. Millions of fibers attach the vitreous to the retina, holding it in place and maintaining the eye's round shape. Vitreous begins to shrink with age, and pull away from the retina, leaving pockets of space which become filled with fluid. Normally, this process occurs with no adverse effects. However, if the vitreous shrinks and the fibers are firmly attached, it can tear the retina", "Macular Hole: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment\nSince most cases of macular holes develop as the result of age, individuals over the age of 60 are at the highest risk. Macular holes, however, can also develop due to injury, severe nearsightedness (myopia), retinal detachment, or macular pucker.\nIf left untreated, a macular hole can worsen over time, leading to permanent vision loss. If you notice any unusual eye symptoms, you should seek treatment with an eye care professional right away.", "Macular Hole: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment\nThe most common treatment for a macular hole is a surgical procedure called a vitrectomy, and is performed by a retinal specialist. In this procedure vitreous gel and fibers are removed from the middle of the eye to prevent further tearing of the retina. A mixture of air and gas is then inserted into the space once filled with vitreous, putting pressure on the macular hole and allowing it to heal."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.christianity.com/bible/niv/2-chronicles/35-22

2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho

["2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho\n2 Chronicles 35\n22 Josiah, however, would not turn away from him, but disguised himself to engage him in battle. He would not listen to what Necho had said at God's command but went to fight him on the plain of Megiddo.\n< 2 Chronicles 342 Chronicles 352 Chronicles 36 >\nOther Translations of 2 Chronicles 35:22", "2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho\n22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself, that he might fight with him, and hearkened not unto the words of Necho from the mouth of God, and came to fight in the valley of Megiddo.\n22 Nevertheless, Josiah did not turn away from him, but disguised himself in order to fight with him. He did not listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, but came to fight in the plain of Megiddo.", "2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho\n22 But Josiah was spoiling for a fight and wouldn't listen to a thing Neco said (in actuality it was God who said it). Though King Josiah disguised himself when they met on the plain of Megiddo,\n22 Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself so that he might fight with him, and did not heed the words of Necho from the mouth of God. So he came to fight in the Valley of Megiddo.", "2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho\n22 But Josiah refused to listen to Neco, to whom God had indeed spoken, and he would not turn back. Instead, he disguised himself and led his army into battle on the plain of Megiddo.\nMatthew Henry's Commentary on 2 Chronicles 35:22\nCommentary on 2 Chronicles 35:20-27\n(Read 2 Chronicles 35:20-27)", "2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho\nThe Scripture does not condemn Josiah's conduct in opposing Pharaoh. Yet Josiah seems to deserve blame for not inquiring of the Lord after he was warned; his death might be a rebuke for his rashness, but it was a judgment on a hypocritical and wicked people. He that lives a life of repentance, faith, and obedience, cannot be affected by the sudden manner in which he is removed. The people lamented him. Many mourn over sufferings, who will not forsake the sins that caused God to send them", "2 Chronicles 35:22 - Josiah's Battle with Pharaoh Necho\nYet this alone can turn away judgments. If we blame Josiah's conduct, we should be watchful, lest we be cut down in a way dishonourable to our profession."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/41463/in-opening-arguments-cardinal-pells-lawyers-set-out-case-for-appeal

Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal

["Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nIn opening arguments, Cardinal Pell\u2019s lawyers set out case for appeal\nMarch 17, 2016. Cardinal George Pell speaks with CNA at the Vatican's Apostolic Palace on March 17, 2016.\nMelbourne, Australia, Jun 4, 2019 / 20:45 pm\nThe legal team for Cardinal George Pell set out its case for appeal at the Supreme Court of Victoria Wednesday morning. Judges heard the opening arguments for the defense as they sought leave to appeal.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nBret Walker SC, arguing June 5, told the three-judge Court of Appeal, led by Chief Justice Anne Feguson, that Pell was seeking leave to appeal on the grounds that his conviction by a jury was \"unsafe.\"\nIn a controversial verdict, the cardinal was convicted in on December 11 of five counts of sexual abuse of minors.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nPell's legal team is seeking appeal on three separate grounds, the first of which is that a guilty verdict was returned despite the lack of proof beyond reasonable doubt. If successful, an appeal on that ground would see Pell's conviction overturned and the cardinal set free.\nIn March, Pell was sentenced to six years in prison.\nThe secondary appeals, made on more procedural grounds, could lead to a retrial if successful.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nAt the opening of the two-day hearing, Justice Ferguson noted that the judges had reviewed the evidence from the trial, visited Melbourne's St. Patrick's Cathedral, and inspected the vestments Pell is alleged to have been wearing at the time of the supposed abuse.\nFerguson explained that the purpose of the hearing was not to re-litigate the trial, or for the defense or prosecution to present the whole of its argument, which had been submitted in writing.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nWalker argued that the evidence used to convict Pell was clearly insufficient to allow the jury to reach a unanimous finding of guilt beyond reasonable doubt.\n\"The main argument, ground one, is one of those challenges to verdicts that used to go by the expression 'unsafe and unsatisfactory,'\" he told the judges.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nFocusing his argument intially on the first supposed assault, in which Pell is alleged to have committed acts of sexual assault on two choir boys simultaneously for five to six minutes, despite the busy time and place in which it was alleged to have happened, Walker highlighted what he called serious inconsistencies in the evidence.\n\"Nobody apart from the alleged victims and the alleged perpetrator were present in the room called the priest's sacristy with which [the judges] are now familiar.\"", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nThe circumstances of the alleged assault, supposed to have taken place immediately following Sunday Mass, included, Walker noted for the judges, the full vestments Pell was supposed to have been wearing at the time.\nDescribing the circumstances of the alleged assault as \"matters of physical improbability to the point of impossibility,\" Pell's lawyer also said the inconsistency in the dates of Pell's alleged crimes points the weakness of his conviction.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nProsecutors initially charged that the assault might have happened sometime between Pell's installation in August of 1996 and the end of December of the same year, but during the trial evidence left only two dates for the jury to consider: December 15 or 22, 1996, the first two occasions when Pell celebrated Sunday Mass in the cathedral.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nWalker then drew the judges' attention to prosecution attempts to introduce a third possible date during the appeal process, suggesting November 3 as a possibility, calling it an indication that prosecutors did not believe their own arguments.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\n\"The notion that on appeal the unsafe and unsatisfactory nature of a verdict on a case put to the jury of either the 15 or 22 of December can or should be answered or rehabilitated by a distinctly new case [for] 3 November being advanced is in itself disturbing, should disturb this court.\"\nMore in Asia - Pacific\nChina\u2019s new \u2018Smart Religion\u2019 app requires faithful to register to attend worship services", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nWalker argued that even though the prosecution had withdrawn the argument suggesting November 3 as a possibility, \"it is an appropriate reflection, forensically manifested by the Crown, of the doubts to which I am going to speak, involved in the theory that this supposed first incident indeed took place on the 15 or 22 December \u2013 and if it didn't take place on one of those two dates then the Crown case fails.\"", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\n\"Date is important,\" Walker said. \"Pell was appointed in July, installed in August, but didn't say his first Sunday high Mass at the cathedral until 15 December.\"\nThe defence also argued that, on whatever Sunday the assault was supposed to have taken place, the circumstances of the allegations did not add up.\nAccording to the narrative of the alleged victim and sole witness, the alleged abuse had to take place after Sunday Mass, at which Pell had presided and for which he was still fully vested.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nWalker argued that witness accounts of Pell's public visibility after Mass meant that for him to have assaulted the two teenagers for a period of 5-6 minutes alone in the sacristy was \"literally and logically impossible according to the complainant's account,\" and that there was no other account offered of the alleged abuse.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nThe difficulty in establishing a possible date for the alleged offense, together with witnesses who testified to Pell's visibility after Mass, meant, Walker said, that the prosecution case could not mount a credible claim to being beyond reasonable doubt.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\n\"If you have to be, for the offending, in a particular place in a particular time, then credible evidence, never challenged, places the archbishop in a position carrying out an activity at a time rendering the offending, according to the complainant's account impossible, or put more softly simply not a realistic possibility.\"", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nWalker also presented several other lines of argumentation that he said showed the weakness of the prosecution's case and the failure of investigators to call or interview material witnesses.\nHe specifically argued that the alleged date for a second offense by Pell was unsupported by even the alleged victim's testimony and had been chosen simply as \"the next time the prosecution could suggest that the Archbishop was at Sunday Mass in the cathedral.\"", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nThe defense also argued that the jury had been effectively invited consider the alleged victim as credible, despite the defense being unable to test his credibility in court. It was, Walker said, impossible to raise a reasonable doubt about evidence which could not be properly subjected to in person cross-examination.", "Cardinal Pell's lawyers set out case for appeal\nPell, who was present in court, turns 78 this week. The hearing is set to continue throughout Wednesday and Thursday. The judges could deliver their verdict at any point during the two days, or reserve their judgement to a later date.\nAustralia,\nclerical sexual abuse,\nCardinal Pell trial"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.pagebypagebooks.com/Nicolo_Machiavelli/The_Prince/INTRODUCTION_p1.html

The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli

["The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nThe Prince Nicolo Machiavelli\nNicolo Machiavelli was born at Florence on 3rd May 1469. He was the second son of Bernardo di Nicolo Machiavelli, a lawyer of some repute, and of Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli, his wife. Both parents were members of the old Florentine nobility.", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nHis life falls naturally into three periods, each of which singularly enough constitutes a distinct and important era in the history of Florence. His youth was concurrent with the greatness of Florence as an Italian power under the guidance of Lorenzo de' Medici, Il Magnifico. The downfall of the Medici in Florence occurred in 1494, in which year Machiavelli entered the public service", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nDuring his official career Florence was free under the government of a Republic, which lasted until 1512, when the Medici returned to power, and Machiavelli lost his office. The Medici again ruled Florence from 1512 until 1527, when they were once more driven out. This was the period of Machiavelli's literary activity and increasing influence; but he died, within a few weeks of the expulsion of the Medici, on 22nd June 1527, in his fifty-eighth year, without having regained office.", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nAlthough there is little recorded of the youth of Machiavelli, the Florence of those days is so well known that the early environment of this representative citizen may be easily imagined. Florence has been described as a city with two opposite currents of life, one directed by the fervent and austere Savonarola, the other by the splendour-loving Lorenzo", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nSavonarola's influence upon the young Machiavelli must have been slight, for although at one time he wielded immense power over the fortunes of Florence, he only furnished Machiavelli with a subject of a gibe in \"The Prince,\" where he is cited as an example of an unarmed prophet who came to a bad end", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nWhereas the magnificence of the Medicean rule during the life of Lorenzo appeared to have impressed Machiavelli strongly, for he frequently recurs to it in his writings, and it is to Lorenzo's grandson that he dedicates \"The Prince.\"", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nHe writes: \"They were freer than their forefathers in dress and living, and spent more in other kinds of excesses, consuming their time and money in idleness, gaming, and women; their chief aim was to appear well dressed and to speak with wit and acuteness, whilst he who could wound others the most cleverly was thought the wisest.\" In a letter to his son Guido, Machiavelli shows why youth should avail itself of its opportunities for study, and leads us to infer that his own youth had been so occupied", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nHe writes: \"I have received your letter, which has given me the greatest pleasure, especially because you tell me you are quite restored in health, than which I could have no better news; for if God grant life to you, and to me, I hope to make a good man of you if you are willing to do your share.\" Then, writing of a new patron, he continues: \"This will turn out well for you, but it is necessary for you to study; since, then, you have no longer the excuse of illness, take pains to study letters and music, for you see what honour is done to me for the little skill I have", "The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli\nTherefore, my son, if you wish to please me, and to bring success and honour to yourself, do right and study, because others will help you if you help yourself.\""]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://michelletrunzo.wixsite.com/home

Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter

["Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nMichelle's Collection\nPOAP\nOne painting doesn\u2019t tell the whole story...\nArtist of the Cuban Exile Era\nSeptember 20, 1933 \u2013 February 8, 2016\nBorn - September 20, 1933 in Nueva Paz, Cuba\nDied - February 8, 2016 in Newburgh, New York\nSpouse - Vincent Trunzo\nChildren - Vincent \u201cVinny\" Trunzo", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nMichelle Trunzo was a Cuban American painter. She was best known for her paintings of Cuban scenery, tropical Cuban landscapes, roses, and later she also experimented with architecture and portraits. Her favorite medium was oils. She learned to paint when she was seven years old when her father hired a French painter to teach her the special skills of composition, intensity, and shade", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nDue to her involvement with a rebellious group against the Batista government, in 1959 Michelle was exiled to the United States for fear she would be killed if she remained in Cuba. She lived out the rest of her life in the US.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nWhile enrolled at the University of Havana in the 1950s as a key-hole puncher for IBM, Michelle was emerging as a very strong and independent young woman. At a time in history when women didn't have many freedoms, or a voice to be taken seriously, she became an advocate for the right to vote for all of Cuba's citizens. In 1952 Cuba's military dictator and President was Fulgencio Batista", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nEven though the country was thriving under the authoritarian rule of his dictatorship, Batista suspended all free and democratic elections for all Cuban citizens. This only served to stoke the fires that were already burning within certain rebellious groups.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nBefore the Cuban Revolution of 1959, it was common for students like Michelle to align themselves in some manner with a political party. The president of the most known and the largest of the student group (FEU - University Students Federation) was Jose Antonio Echeverria. He was a founding member of the student group DRE (Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil), which was a militant organization that played an important role in the Cuban Revolution", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nThrough family and extended family members, Michelle became aligned with Echeverria and the DRE. She was often seen by family members wearing a red top with black pants. These colors became known to the locals as anti-government colors.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nJust like Jose Marti, Michelle's role model and a Cuban national hero had advocated and died for. Michelle campaigned with other students to vocalize their desire for all citizens of Cuba to have the legal right to vote.\nBy 1958 the student uprising was getting so fierce, that known members of the FEU were being violently tortured and/or killed in the streets of Havana by the Batista government.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nMichelle's exact involvement with the DRE is unknown, however, it was enough that her parents feared she would be prosecuted by the Batista government, so they sent her to live with a married cousin in New York. Her parents did not want anyone to know the real reason she was exiled. The story that was told to friends and neighbors was that she was sent to the US to protect her from her ex-boyfriend because they believed he was going to try and kill her.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nWhen Fidel Castro became President of Cuba in 1959, Michelle returned to Cuba hoping that Castro would give the citizens the right to vote. This would not be the case. Michelle was extremely disappointed and heartbroken and returned to the US after only two weeks of being back in her home country. She never saw her beloved Cuba again.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nBack in New York, Michelle married Vincent Trunzo on November 28, 1959. For the next four years, she concentrated all her efforts on getting her parents and siblings from Cuba to the US. In 1965 she gave birth to her only child, Vincent.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nIn 1971 Michelle and her family moved to Miami Beach, Florida. The following year Michelle finally returned to her love of painting. She began to paint what she remembered of her beloved Cuba. She loved to paint Veradero Beach, roses, Cuban landscape, and Cuban architecture. She also began to experiment with abstract, impressionism, and portraiture. Her painting mentors were the Old Masters, Claude Monet, and Norman Rockwell.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nWhile living in Miami, on August 5, 1988, Michelle became a proud Naturalized Citizen of the United States of America. She voted in every election thereafter regardless of whether it was local, state, or national.\nIn 1988 Michelle held her first painting exhibit at the Big Five County Club in Miami. It ran for three weeks and was a huge success.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nAfter the death of her husband in March 1992, Michelle and her son moved back to New York. By this time, she has amassed seven series of artwork. In 2003 she held an exhibit at the Karpeles Manuscript Museum in Newburgh, NY. It ran for eight weeks. She held another exhibit in 2004 at the Jadite Gallery in New York that ran for four weeks.", "Michelle Trunzo - Cuban American Painter\nAfter a series of injuries and illnesses, Michelle passed away on February 8, 2016. It was later determined that her decades-long use and inhalation of turpentine from painting, played a key role in the pulmonary problems she experienced later in life.\nMichelle was always serious about education and learning and stated the \"great painters study hard and practice their craft\". She always gave credit to her French art teacher for her success and would say, \"I had a great teacher in Cuba.\"\neverybodywiki"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.law.cornell.edu/nyctap/I05_0092.htm

New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92

["New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nArchival content\nNew York Court of Appeals\n1 No. 92\nThe People &c.,\nAppellant,\nNorris Williams,\nRespondent.\n2005 NY Int. 92\nThis memorandum is uncorrected and subject to revision before publication in the New York Reports.\nMadeleine Guilmain, for appellant.\nRobert S. Dean, for respondent.\nMEMORANDUM:\nThe order of the Appellate Division should be affirmed.", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nDefendant allegedly sold two glassine envelopes of heroin to an undercover police officer during a buy-and-bust operation. The operation involved three officers -- one undercover officer who purchased drugs from defendant, one undercover officer who observed the sale (the \"ghost\") and an arresting officer, who did not see the drug exchange. At trial, the People presented only two witnesses. The arresting officer acknowledged that he had not seen the drug sale, nor had he seen defendant before arresting him", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nThe purchasing officer testified that the individual from whom he bought drugs was wearing a distinctive blue and white flowered hat, but no such hat was inventoried, nor was it in defendant's arrest photograph. Further, the police recovered neither pre-recorded buy money nor any drug stash from defendant. Despite his alleged presence at the crime scene, the ghost officer did not testify.", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nAt the charge conference, defendant requested that a portion of the Judge's proposed charge instructing jurors not to speculate about what evidence could have been presented not be given to the jury. According to defense counsel, such an instruction would \"conflict with the concept that [the jurors are] to consider evidence or lack of evidence\" (emphasis added). Agreeing that the instruction \"might mislead the jury,\" the Trial Judge told the parties that he would not give it.", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nIn his summation, defense counsel argued that the People's case was \"skeletal,\" pointing to the prosecution's failure to introduce any evidence to corroborate the testimony of the single identifying witness -- no pre-recorded buy money, no blue and white flowered hat, no photograph of the defendant wearing the hat and, despite the alleged presence of the ghost officer at the time of the drug sale, no testimony from that second undercover", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nAfter summations, and despite his earlier ruling, the Judge gave the charge to which defense counsel had objected, telling the jurors that they were not to \"speculate on the whereabouts of people whose names are mentioned as having been at the alleged scene of the crime who were not called as witnesses. No one is required to come to court and testify. Don't speculate on their non-appearance, or what they might have said if they would have come.\"", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nWe agree with the Appellate Division majority that, in the context of this case, the instruction was error, \"given that the central theme of the defense at trial was that the one-witness identification was entirely uncorroborated and therefore unreliable, the effect of the court's charge was essentially to instruct the jury not to consider the defense\" (10 AD3d 213, 217 [1st Dept 2004]).", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nA defendant not necessarily entitled to a missing witness charge may nonetheless try to persuade the jury to draw inferences from the People's failure to call an available witness with material, non-cumulative information about the case ( People v Tankleff, , 84 NY2d 992, 994-995 [1994])", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nDefendant was entitled to argue that the jurors should consider the People's failure to call the ghost officer to corroborate the single-witness identification in support of his defense that the People's evidence was uncorroborated and \"skeletal.\" For the trial court to charge the jury both that it may not consider the absence of uncalled witnesses who were mentioned as being present at the alleged crime scene effectively deprived defendant of the force of his defense and may have misled the jurors to believe that they were not permitted to draw any inferences from the absence of the ghost officer at trial", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nDefendant additionally argues that the trial court's sua sponte decision to allow the undercover officer to testify anonymously -- despite the prosecutor's statement that she was not making such a request -- was reversible error. In light of our decision as to the jury instruction, we need not reach this issue. People v Norris Williams No. 92 R. S. SMITH, J. (concurring):", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nI cannot agree that Supreme Court's charge was flawed. The court instructed the jury to \"decide this case solely on the basis of the evidence or lack of evidence actually presented to you in this courtroom, which you actually saw and heard in this courtroom.\" The court added: \"Do not speculate on the whereabouts of people whose names are mentioned as having been at the alleged scene of the crime who were not called as witnesses. No one is required to come to court and testify", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nDon't speculate on their nonappearance, or what they might have said if they would have come.\" These were straightforward \"do not speculate\" instructions, neither wrong in themselves nor likely to mislead the jury in the context of this case. Defendant's counsel, in his summation, barely mentioned the failure of the \"ghost\" officer to testify, and a reasonable jury would not have understood the court's instructions as an order to disregard counsel's argument.", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nSince I disagree with the majority on this issue, I reach, as the majority does not, the alternative ground defendant offers to support the Appellate Division's reversal of his conviction. This alternative argument is based on Supreme Court's ruling that the undercover officer who allegedly bought heroin from defendant could testify anonymously", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nThe ruling was made during a colloquy that began when the prosecutor said she would not ask that the courtroom be closed pursuant to People v Hinton (31 2 71 [1972]). The colloquy continued:", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\n\"MS. WILLIAMS [the prosecutor]: So, my detective will be using his name.\nTHE COURT: He will. Okay.\nMS. WILLIAMS: I'm asking if the Court --\nTHE COURT: If he wants to; he doesn't have to. He can use his number, if you'd rather go by number. That's fine with me.\nMS. WILLIAMS: Okay.\nMR. VERCHICK [defense counsel]: Well, I will object.\nTHE COURT: Over the Defense's objection, he cannot state his name. I think that's reasonable.\"", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nThis ruling clearly violated defendant's right of confrontation under our decision in People v Stanard (, 42 NY2d 74 [1977]). We held in Stanard that a witness may be permitted to remain anonymous only where the prosecution makes \"some showing of why the witness should be excused from answering\" a question related to his identity. We said that \"[e]xcuse may arise from a showing that the question will harass, annoy, humiliate or endanger the witness\" ( id. at 84)", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nEven upon such a showing, anonymity is not granted automatically; the defendant is entitled to show \"the materiality of the requested information to the issue of guilt or innocence\", and \"the court must engage in a balancing process which compares the rights of the defendant to cross-examination . . . with the interest of the witness in retaining some degree of anonymity\" ( id.)", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nHere, Supreme Court conferred anonymity on the witness sua sponte, although the prosecutor offered to have the witness use his name and did not try to make the showing Stanard requires.", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nThe People's only argument on this branch of the case is that defense counsel's statement \"I will object\" was not specific enough to preserve the Stanard issue for review. But while we have at times required a more specific objection for preservation purposes ( e.g., People v West, , 56 NY2d 662 1982]), we have never held that a simple \"I object\" is always insufficient", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nHere, where the error was egregious, and where the basis for defendant's protest should have been obvious, the general objection fulfilled the purpose of the preservation requirement by alerting the trial judge to the error and giving him a chance to avoid it ( cf. People v Vidal, , 26 NY2d 249, 254 [1970]; People v Payne, 3 NY3d 266, 273 [2004] [\"We decline to . . . elevate preservation to a formality that would bar an appeal even though the trial court . .", "New York Court of Appeals - People v. Williams, 2005 NY Int. 92\nAccordingly, I would affirm the Appellate Division's order on the ground that Supreme Court erred in allowing the undercover officer to testify anonymously.\nOrder affirmed, in a memorandum. Chief Judge Kaye and Judges G.B. Smith, Ciparick, Rosenblatt, Graffeo and Read concur. Judge R.S. Smith concurs in result in an opinion.\nDecided June 9, 2005"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11579a.htm

Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)

["Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nBorn at Rome or Canino, 29 Feb., 1468; elected, 12 Oct., 1534; died at Rome, 10 Nov., 1549. The Farnese were an ancient Roman family whose possessions clustered about the Lake at Bolsena. Although counted among the Roman aristocrats, they first appear in history associated with Viterbo and Orvieto. Among the witnesses to the Treaty of Venice between Barbarossa and the pope, we find the signature of a Farnese as Rector of Orvieto; a Farnese bishop consecrated the cathedral there", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nDuring the interminable feuds which distracted the peninsula, the Farnese were consistently Guelph. The grandfather of the future pontiff was commander-in-chief of the papal troops under Eugenius IV; his oldest son perished in the battle of Fornuovo; the second, Pier Luigi, married Giovannella Gaetani, sister to the Lord of Sermoneta. Among their children were the beautiful Giulia, who married an Orsini, and Alessandro, later Paul III", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nAlessandro received the best education that his age could offer; first at Rome, where he had Pomponio Leto for a tutor; later at Florence in the palace of Lorenzo the Magnificent, where he formed his friendship with the future Leo X, six years his junior. His contemporaries praise his proficiency in all the learning of the Renaissance, especially in his mastery of classical Latin and Italian. With such advantages of birth and talent, his advancement in the ecclesiastical career was assured and rapid", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nOn 20 Sept., 1493 (Eubel), he was created by Alexander VI cardinal-deacon with the title SS. Cosmas and Damian. He wore the purple for over forty years, passing through the several gradations, until he became Dean of the Sacred College. In accordance with the abuses of his time, he accumulated a number of opulent benefices, and spent his immense revenue with a generosity which won for him the praises of artists and the affection of the Roman populace", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nHis native ability and diplomatic skill, acquired by long experience, made him tower above his colleagues in the Sacred College, even as his Palazzo Farnese excelled in magnificence all the other palaces of Rome. That he continued to grow in favour under pontiffs so different in character as the Borgia, Rovera, and Medici popes is a sufficient proof of his tact.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nHe had already on two previous occasions, come within measurable distance of the tiara, when the conclave of 1534, almost without the formality of a ballot, proclaimed him successor to Clement VII. It was creditable to his reputation and to the good will of the cardinals, that the factions which divided the Sacred College were concordant in electing him", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nHe was universally recognized as the man of the hour, and the piety and zeal, which had characterized him after he was ordained priest, caused men to overlook the extravagance of his earlier years.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nThe Roman people rejoiced at the election to the tiara of the first citizen of their city since Martin V. Paul III was crowned 3 Nov., and lost no time in setting about the most needed reforms. No one, who has once studied his portrait by Titian, is likely to forget the wonderful expression of countenance of that worn-out, emaciated form", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nThose piercing little eyes, and that peculiar attitude of one ready to bound or to shrink, tell the story of a veteran diplomat who was not to be deceived or taken off guard", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nHis extreme caution, and the difficulty of binding him down to a defininte obligation, drew from Pasquino the facetious remark that the third Paul was a \"Vas dilationis.\" The elevation to the cardinalate of his grandsons, Alessandro Farnese, aged fourteen, and Guido Ascanio Sforza, aged sixteen, displeased the reform party and drew a protest from the emperor, but this was forgiven, when shortly after, he introduced into the Sacred College men of the calibre of Reginald Pole, Contanini, Sadoleto, and Caraffa.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nSoon after his elevation, 2 June, 1536, Paul III summoned a general council to meet at Mantua in the following May; but the opposition of the Protestant princes and the refusal of the Duke of Mantua to assume the responsibility of maintaining order frustrated the project. He issued a new bull, convoking a council at Vicenza, 1 May, 1538; the chief obstacle was the renewed enmity of Charles V and Francis I. The aged pontiff induced them to hold a conference with him at Nizza and conclude a ten years' truce", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nAs a token of good will, a granddaughter of Paul was married to a French prince, and the emperor gave his daughter, Margaret, to Ottavio, the son of Pier Luigi, founder of the Farnese dynasty of Parma.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nMany causes contributed to delay the opening of the general council. The extension of power which a re-united Germany would place in the hands of Charles was so intolerable to Francis I, that he, who persecuted heresy in his own realm with such cruelty that the pope appealed to him to mitigate his violence, became the sworn ally of the Smalcaldic League, encouraging them to reject all overtures to reconciliation", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nCharles himself was in no slight measure to blame, for, notwithstanding his desire for the assembling of a council, he was led into the belief that the religious differences of Germany might be settled by conferences between the two parties. These conferences, like all such attempts to settle differences outside of the normal court of the Church, led to a waste of time, and did far more harm than good. Charles had a false idea of the office of a general council", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nIn his desire to unite all parties, he sought for vague formul\u00e6 to which all could subscribe, a relapse into the mistakes of the Byzantine emperors. A council of the Church, on the other hand, must formulate the Faith with such precision that no heretic can subscribe to it. It took some years to convince the emperor and his mediating advisors that Catholicism and Protestantism are as opposite as light and darkness", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nMeanwhile Paul III set about the reform of the papal court with a vigour which paved the way for the disciplinary canons of Trent. He appointed commissions to report abuses of every kind; he reformed the Apostolic Camera, the tribunal of the Rota, the Penitentiaria, and the Chancery. He enhanced the prestige of the papacy by doing single-handed what his predecessors had reserved to the action of a council", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nIn the constantly recurring quarrels between Francis and Charles, Paul III preserved a strict neutrality, notwithstanding that Charles urged him to support the empire and subject Francis to the censures of the Church. Paul's attitude as a patriotic Italian would have been sufficient to prevent him from allowing the emperor to be sole arbiter of Italy", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nIt was as much for the purpose of securing the integrity of the papal dominions, as for the exaltation of his family, that Paul extorted from Charles and his reluctant cardinals the erection of Piacenza and Parma into a duchy for his son, Pier Luigi. A feud arose with Gonzaga, the imperial Governor of Milan, which ended later in the assassination of Pier Luigi and the permanent alienation of Piacenza from the Papal States.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nWhen the Treaty of Crespi (18 Sept., 1544) ended the disastrous wars between Charles and Francis, Paul energetically took up the project of convening a general council. Meanwhile it developed that the emperor had formed a programme of his own, quite at variance in some important points with the pope's. Since the Protestants repudiated a council presided over by the Roman pontiff, Charles was resolved to reduce the princes to obedience by force of arms", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nTo this Paul did not object, and promised to aid him with three hundred thousand ducats and twenty thousand infantry; but he wisely added the proviso, that Charles should enter into no separate treaties with the heretics and make no agreement prejudicial to the Faith or to the rights of the Holy See. Charles now contended that the council should be prorogued, until victory had decided in favour of the Catholics", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nFurthermore, foreseeing that the struggle with the preachers of heresy would be more stubborn than the conflict with the princes, he urged the pontiff to avoid making dogmas of faith for the present and confine the labours of the council to the enforcement of discipline. To neither of these proposals could the pope agree. Finally, after endless difficulties (13 Dec., 1545) the Council of Trent held its first session", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nIn seven sessions, the last 3 March, 1547, the Fathers intrepidly faced the most important questions of faith and discipline. Without listening to the threats and expostulations of the imperial party, they formulated for all time the Catholic doctrine on the Scriptures, original sin, justification, and the Sacraments. The work of the council was half ended, when the outbreak of the plague in Trent caused an adjournment to Bologna", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nPope Paul was not the instigator of the removal of the council; he simply acquiesced in the decision of the Fathers. Fifteen prelates, devoted to the emperor, refused to leave Trent. Charles demanded the return of the council to German territory, but the deliberations of the council continued in Bologna, until finally, 21 April, the pope, in order to avert a schism, prorogued the council indefinitely", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nThe wisdom of the council's energetic action, in establishing thus early the fundamental truths of the Catholic creed, became soon evident, when the emperor and his semi-Protestant advisers inflicted upon Germany their Interim religion, which was despised by both parties. Pope Paul, who had given the emperor essential aid in the Smalcaldic war, resented his dabbling in theology, and their estrangement continued until the death of the pontiff.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nPaul's end came rather suddenly. After the assassination of Pier Luigi, he had struggled to retain Piacenza and Parma for the Church and had deprived Ottavio, Pier Luigi's son and Charles's son-in-law, of these duchies. Ottavio, relying on the emperor's benevolence, refused obedience; it broke the old man's heart, when he learned that his favourite grandson, Cardinal Farnese, was a party to the transaction. He fell into a violent fever and died at the Quirinal, at the age of eighty-two", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nHe lies buried in St. Peter's in the tomb designed by Michelangelo and erected by Guglielmo della Porta. Not all the popes repose in monuments corresponding to their importance in the history of the Church; but few will be disposed to contest the right of Farnese to rest directly under Peter's chair. He had his faults; but they injured no one but himself. The fifteen years of his pontificate saw the complete restoration of Catholic faith and piety", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nHe was succeeded by many saintly pontiffs, but not one of them possessed all his commanding virtues. In Rome his name is written all over the city he renovated. The Pauline chapel, Michelangelo's work in the Sistine, the streets of Rome, which he straightened and broadened, the numerous objects of art associated with the name of Farnese, all speak eloquently of the remarkable personality of the pontiff who turned the tide in favour of religion", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nIf to this we add the favour accorded by Paul to the new religious orders then appearing, the Capuchins, Barnabites, Theatines, Jesuits, Ursulines, and many others, we are forced to confess that his reign was one of the most fruitful in the annals of the Church.", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nPANVINIUS, Pont. Romanorum vit\u00e6; PALLAVICINI, Concilio di Trento; PASTOR, Gesch. der P\u00e4pste, V; EHSES, Concilium Tridentinum, V; VON RANKE, Hist. of the Popes in the XVI-XVIII Centuries: ARTAUD DE MONTOR, Hist. of the Popes (New York, 1867).\nAPA citation. Loughlin, J. (1911). Pope Paul III. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11579a.htm", "Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese)\nMLA citation. Loughlin, James. \"Pope Paul III.\" The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11579a.htm>.\nTranscription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by WGKofron. With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio.\nEcclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. February 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://wikibious.com/jirah-mayweather/

Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts

["Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nWho is Jirah Mayweather? Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nFloyd Mayweather Jr., son of boxing legend Floyd Mayweather Sr., is a five-time world boxing champion. It seems that he acquired the defensive abilities of his family. His uncles, Roger and Jeff Mayweather are expert fighters and former mentors. Roger, a double crossover, the best on the planet, who should be Floyd Jr.\u2019s tutor, passed away at age 58 from diabetes. Floyd Jr. has been tutored by his family since he was a child.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nNo, she is not married at this time. She is currently associated with her perfect partner. Jirah has found her genuine romance. She is gradually associated with her boyfriend. She continues to offer him Tiktok recordings. Her boyfriend proposed to her first and is incredibly defensive of her, according to the Tiktok recordings she posted.\nShe is involved with Isaiah Johnson. He also constantly participates in TikTok recordings under the name @freakizay. The loving couple is living it.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nHer father, Floyd Mayweather Jr., and her mother, Josie Harris, gave birth to her. Despite not exchanging marriage promises, the couple had a worship partnership for a considerable period of time. They started dating in 1995 and said goodbye in 2010. Her mother was expecting her first child when she was still in high school. His parents, again, had a troubled relationship. His father was sentenced to two months in jail after being formally charged with assaulting his mother", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nFloyd, as Josie pointed out, had been truly fierce and was undermining her. While she was involved with Floyd, she was attacked on six separate occasions.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nKoraun and Zion are his two older brothers. Koraun is a rapper who is also preparing to box with his father. Iyanna Mayweather is her oldest paternal half relative. Iyanna, also called Yaya, is anticipating NBA\u2019s son YoungBoy. They had a riddle or a mistake, feeling for a long stretch. By the time Iyana was jailed for cutting off NBA Youngboy\u2019s mother Lapattra Jacobs, the couple stood out as truly newsworthy.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nAfter the awkward death of his mother, the family experienced riots. Her 40-year-old mother was found dead in her vehicle in front of her home in Valencia, California, on March 10, 2020. As the source indicated, her death was due to an unexpected excess of medications. His disappearance, however, remains a secret. Floyd paid her an energetic tribute after her passing, contrasting her with a heavenly messenger. The death of his mother completely broke his heart.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nHer father Floyd is a well-known figure on the wrestling scene. Perhaps the most fascinating discussion occurred when he was received on Jimmy Kimmel Live. So, at that point, the host asked about how he went by the nickname \u201cCash.\u201d Floyd chose his own name, or was he chosen by the audience? Floyd said everyone had started calling him by that name. Later, Jimmy posted a photograph of Floyd on his own plane, showing a large amount of cash.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nWhen asked if he used the cash, he said no. Cash, as Floyd points out, is the ruler. Then Jimmy asked him if he had an ATM card. Floyd, curiously, cases to be the human ATM. At last the questioner asked assuming he had visited the bank and said he needed all the cash in his bank.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nIn this way, some time ago, a lot of talk about Floyd was being a noisy contender. Floyd reacted by expressing that people constantly hear the expression of skeptics who assault him. He said flatly that the people who condemn him are people who cannot act like him. Floyd also spoke about his troubled childhood. He said that assuming you sincerely try and commit to your enthusiasm or some other job, you will be successful.", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nFloyd said that people can see what he has now and cannot consider where he came from, and that he has nothing while at the same time moving up. His controversial comments are undoubtedly among the most important and commendable passages in summing up the staggering realities about Floyd Mayweather Jr. Jirah\u2019s father is reportedly one of the wealthy athletes who has a massive amount of cash. In a lonely ledger", "Jirah Mayweather: Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Net Worth, Fast Facts\nJirah Mayweather\u2019s total assets amount to about $ 2 million in 2021 and she leads a sumptuous life as the girl of the fifth most generously compensated competitor. Floyd, 43, has been featured in various movies and television shows. In Las Vegas, Nevada, he resides in a one-of-a-kind home. He also owns the Mayweather Boxing Club in Las Vegas. He has amassed a considerable fortune due to his recognized athletic calling.\nNet Worth (approx\u2026) Update Soon"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

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The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton

["The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nwhen the usher of the school, a Scotchman, of a sour temper, very fat, and remarkable for chewing tobacco, walking near the place, and hearing the echo, imagined he was calling to him in a jeering tone of voice, fat chops, tobaccobox. The Scotchman was so enraged at this supposed insult, that he insisted on Skelton's being turned out of school; if not, he would leave it himself. Skelton told the master the story of the echo, and appealed to his schoolfellows for the truth of what he said", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThis odd sort of echo near Lisburn is mentioned in his Latin treatise on sounds by Dr. Hales, late of Trinity College, one of the most worthy clergymen of Ireland, whose humility can be only equalled by his learning. For he had none of that stiff dignity, and supercilious importance, which too often distinguish academic authority. The whole account of the echo, conveyed in Mr", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nSkelton's own words, is inserted in a Latin note at the end of the volume; but, on examination, I find it is of too philosophic a nature to be introduced into a work of this kind. I cannot now recollect any other incident of his life, while at school, worth relating. It appears indeed that he was not treated with much indulgence by the master, who whipped him, merely to please a peevish Scotch usher", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nTo the sons of poor or middling men it would, I think, be a disadvantage to meet with too gentle usage from their preceptors. It is fit they should, from the beginning, be trained to difficulties, with which they may be forced to struggle all their days.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nOn leaving school, he entered a sizer* in the university of Dublin, as the college books inform us, in June 1724. His tutor was the famous Dr. Delany, who, by his conduct, proved himself his real friend ever after. He applied there with diligence to the useful studies enjoined by that noble seminary, and soon acquired the reputation of a", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nIt is strange, that he never even insinuated to me, or, as far as 1 could learn, to any other of his acquaintances, that he entered the college in that capacity. Nor had I the least suspicion of it, until, on examining the college books, I found, that there were two Skeltons, both sizers, at that time in the college. All this might be construed into a sort of pride in him", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nYet why should he be ashamed of being ence in that academic station, which has produced some of the greatest and most conspicuous characters in Ireland.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nscholar. However, his attention to his books did not prevent him from displaying his skill in the manly exercises, in which he could find but few equal to him. He was allowed to be an excellent boxer, nor was he unwilling, if an opportunity offered, to shew his skill in this accomplishment. He was also very dexterous in the small sword, and a complete master in the backsword. He could come up to a St. George, throw an out and cut an in,* save himself, and strike his antagonist.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nWhile he was in the college, he went once to Donybrook fair, and heard it proclaimed there, that a hat was set up as a prize for the best cudgel-player. The two cudgels with basket-hilts lying for public inspection, Skelton, like a second Dares, stepped forward, took up one of them, made a bow to the girls, and challenged an antagonist to oppose him. On this a confident young fellow came up and accepted the challenge. Immediately a ring was formed, and the two heroes began", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThey fought for awhile on equal terms, warding off the blows by their skill in the science of defence. But at last his antagonist was off his guard, and Skelton taking the advantage, hit him some smart strokes about the head, and made him throw down the cudgel, and acknowledge himself conquered. He thus gained the victory, and won the hat", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHe then took the hat in his hand, shewed it to the gaping crowd, made a bow to the girls, and told them, \"he fought just to please them, but would not keep the hat, that they might have more amusement;\" and then bowed again and retired. A hero in romance could not have been more complaisant to the fair sex.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThe following trick of his, which has been since practised by some others, is not unsuitable to the character of a young man in the college. He and twelve more dining at an inn near Dublin, when the reckoning was to be paid, they discovered there was no money in the company. Skelton then invented the scheme of blindfolding the waiter, that the first he might catch should pay the reckoning, and thus they all escaped. However, he took care to have the landlord paid for his dinner.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nas he could find leisure from his studies; for he was remarkably fond of society, an inclination which adhered to him constantly through life. The fellows of the college, observing a crowd of students about him whenever he appeared in public, used to say to him, \"Skelton, you have more acquaintances than any one in the college.\" In such a place, a similarity of age, dispositions, pursuits, often forms a society more agreeable than is experienced ever after", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHowever, his fondness for society involved him in a very unhappy affair. Ranging once through the town with a number of students, they raised a riot, and a man was unfortunately killed by some of the party. This had a serious effect on him, and made him cautious of the company which he kept in future.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHis temper, as may be inferred, was naturally warm and courageous, and unable to brook an affront; of this he gave a sufficient proof while at the university, according to worldly notions of honour. For he had a quarrel with one of his fellow-students, which they thought fit to determine at Stephen's Green with small swords. But when they came to the ground, the seconds interposed, and the affair was thus settled.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThis quarrel made his college life very uneasy to him. For his antagonist was some way connected with Dr. Baldwin the provost, who became Skelton's enemy ever after. Baldwin was a man of a haughty temper; he carried every thing in the college by absolute sway: he nominated fellows and scholars at pleasure", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThe statutes indeed give the provost great authority; as they were tinged with a tyrannic complexion by the famous Archbishop Laud, a prelate of great learning and abilities, but unhappily a slave to ceremonies, and a promoter of arbitrary measures. The young man, who retained a spite against Skelton, instigated by his malice to a false accusation, told the provost he was a Jacobite, and thus, as he expected, roused his indignation against him: for Baldwin was one of the greatest whigs of his day", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHe was a junior fellow when James II. made a barrack of our elegant seminary. The king turning him out of his fellowship, as he did all others who refused to subscribe to Popery, he was obliged to go over to England, and teach a common English school", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nfor his bread. King William, when he gained the victory, restored him. He was a furious enemy to Queen Anne's last ministry, and was active in forming schemes against them; suspecting they had a design of bringing in the Pretender; and who can say there was no ground for such suspicions", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\n? Indeed a dark cloud, which time has not yet wholly dispelled, seems to have been cast over this affair. His opposition to Queen Anne's last ministry caused him to be taken notice of by George I. who made him provost in 1715.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nEnraged at Skelton on account of the charge imputed to him, he sent orders for him to come and appear before him. He instantly obeyed, little suspicious of the cause. The provost then told him, he was assured on the best authority, that he was a Jacobite, and of consequence a most dangerous person in the university, where he might corrupt the youth by his bad principles", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nSkelton, astonished at the falsity of the charge, solemnly declared that he was as strenuous for the house of Hanover as any one in Ireland. But the provost, who placed more confidence in his favourite, said he would not believe him, for he heard it from one on whose veracity he could depend. Hence all his protestations of innocence were vain. The provost then said to him, \"Child, I'll ruin you for ever.\"-\"Will you damn my soul, Sir?\" Skelton replied", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\n\"No,\" he said, \"but I'll ruin you in the college here.\"-\" Oh, Sir,\" he observed, \"that's but a short for ever.\" By this it appears that even then he had a warm sense of religion, and did not fear the brief resentment of man. The rich and great imagine they have happiness and misery at their control, and can allot them at pleasure. Yet they are very niggard in bestowing one of them, supposing it best to keep it all to themselves, and probably they have much occasion for it", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThe dispute, that produced the malicious charge against Skelton's character, was owing chiefly to the conduct of his fellow-student, who imagined that his intimacy with the provost gave him a right to say and do what he pleased. The minion is often more intolerable than his master. But Skelton could not bear his insolence; hence the", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nquarrel ensued. The provost was scrupulous in keeping his word; he strove to debar poor Skelton from a scholarship, but by a lucky mistake he was baffled in his malicious attempt. He mistook him for another of the same name, and thus Skelton received the reward of his merit, at Trinity 1726.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHe piqued himself much on a cut of his (to use the college phrase) at his examination for scholarships. Dr. Delany, who examined in the odes of Horace, met with these words, carpe diem; the lad he was examining called it, seize the opportunity. This it seems did not please him, he therefore put it from one to another, till at last it came to Skelton, who said, crop the day. \"Right,\" the Doctor replied, \"Why so?\"-\" Because,\" said Skelton, \"the day is a flower,\" preserving the beauty of the metaphor", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThe examiner, many in which office have strange peculiarities, gave him an additional mark for this answer. We often value ourselves more on hits of this nature than on matters of real importance.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHe did not abound with money at this time, and especially before he got a scholarship, the emoluments of which are sufficiently known. His two brothers, the clergymen, contributed in some degree to support the expense of his education; but the assistance derived from these and his mother was not sufficient to keep him out of debt and danger", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nHe was once forced to confine himself some weeks within the college for fear of bailiffs, who were prowling about the gates in search of him; for the students would not allow these harpies to come within the walls; if any were so imprudent, they met with very harsh usage, which served as an example to terrify others. The testimony of his friend Mr. Hawkshaw, to whom he was a long time curate in Monaghan, partly confirms the account I have given", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nFor he assured me, that, for some time after he got the cure of that place, he paid Dr. Delany a certain sum every year to discharg\u00e9 a debt contracted while in the college.", "The Complete Works of the Late Rev. Philip Skelton\nThe narrowness of his circumstances made him apply more diligently to his books. He had but few temptations to go abroad; he wished to gain that distinction by literature, which he could not by fortune. The rich may slum"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://ordonews.com/simulations-have-shown-that-the-moon-could-have-formed-in-a-few-hours/

Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours

["Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nHome/News/Simulations have shown that the moon could have formed in a few hours\nSimulations have shown that the moon could have formed in a few hours\n(ORDO NEWS) \u2014 It is believed that the Moon appeared from the substance that was ejected into space as a result of the collision of the Earth with a large celestial body.\nA new detailed simulation of that ancient catastrophe has shown that this process could take no more than a few hours.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nAccording to modern concepts , the Moon was formed about 4.5 billion years ago as a result of a collision of a young Earth with the protoplanet Theia, which reached the size of present-day Mars.\nThe impact raised and mixed the substance of both celestial bodies, part of it ended up in near-Earth orbit and gradually laid down the satellite.\nHowever, new simulations have shown that this process could take place much faster \u2013 literally in a matter of hours.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nThe isotopic composition of lunar soil samples is close to that of the earth. This suggests that the crust of the satellite was formed mainly from the substance of the upper layers of the Earth.\nFrom the deceased Theia, Luna got a smaller part, although her remains may be preserved deeper in the bowels.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nIn addition, the impact should have thrown matter far enough beyond the Roche limit , below which the Moon would have been destroyed by the tidal forces of the Earth\u2019s gravitational field, even before it had time to form. Existing collision scenarios are difficult to explain both of these facts.\nTherefore, Jacob Kegerreis and his colleagues used the new SWIFT model, which allows them to simulate complex gravitational and hydrodynamic processes that occur with large amounts of matter.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nFor calculations, scientists involved the COSMA supercomputer, which simulated hundreds of collision options: at different angles, with different speeds and rotation of both celestial bodies. Simulation resolution reached 100 million particles, orders of magnitude greater than usual.\nThe work showed that as a result of the collision of the Earth and Theia, two clumps of ejected matter appeared in orbit.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nThe gravity of the larger one could quickly push the smaller one into a more distant and stable orbit. He himself fell below the Roche limit and was destroyed.\nThe whole process took several hours and resulted in the appearance of the Moon with all its key features, including a wide orbit, a thin crust consisting mainly of Earth\u2019s matter, and a partially molten interior.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\nTo verify these conclusions will allow the analysis of samples of lunar matter obtained not from the surface, but from the depths of the satellite.\nThis is the challenge facing future missions that are being prepared under the NASA Artemis program. \u201cThe more we learn about the appearance of the Moon, the better we understand the evolution of our Earth,\u201d says Professor Vincent Eke, one of the authors of the new work.", "Simulations Show That the Moon Could Have Formed in a Few Hours\n\u201cTheir histories are closely intertwined and may be mirrored in the histories of other planets profoundly altered by similar or entirely different collisions.\u201d\n140-year-old bird found extinct\nRemains found in Taiwan prove the veracity of the myths about the little natives\nSoon most of the Earth will become uninhabitable\nA distant burst of radiation gave out an overgrown neutron star"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ktvq.com/news/national-news/man-dies-after-being-shot-by-fbi-agent-outside-cia-headquarters

Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters

["Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\nMan dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\nAP Photo/Michael Sohn\nLogo of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice of the United States of America pictured at the embassy of the USA in Berlin, Germany, Friday, Aug. 10, 2007.<br/>", "Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\nA man who was shot outside the Central Intelligence Agency's headquarters in McLean, Virginia, has died, the FBI said on Tuesday. The FBI said Monday night that the man had emerged from a vehicle with a weapon, and the CIA said the man did not breach the compound.\nThe FBI said in a statement on Tuesday that the man had died of his injuries after being taken to a local hospital.", "Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\n\"The FBI reviews every shooting incident involving an FBI special agent,\" the FBI said. \"The review will carefully examine the circumstances of the shooting and collect all relevant evidence from the scene. As the review remains ongoing, we cannot provide any additional details at this time.\"\nThe FBI said that the shooting occurred at roughly 6 p.m. local time on Monday.", "Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\n\"An individual involved in a security incident outside Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters in McLean, VA, emerged from his vehicle with a weapon and was engaged by law enforcement officers,\" the FBI's statement said.\nFBI is reviewing an agent-involved shooting that occurred at approx. 6 pm on Monday, May 3, 2021. An individual involved in a security incident outside Central Intelligence Agency HQ in McLean, VA, emerged from his vehicle with a weapon & was engaged by law enforcement officers.", "Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\n\u2014 FBI Washington Field (@FBIWFO) May 4, 2021\nThe suspect was transported to a hospital for medical attention, according to the FBI. It did not provide any further details about the shooting, though it said hours earlier that agents had responded to a report of a suspicious vehicle outside CIA headquarters.\nA source near the scene told CBS News that he heard 13 shots fired.", "Man dies after being shot by FBI agent outside CIA headquarters\nA CIA spokesperson told CBS News that its compound was not breached and the only agency personnel involved were its Security Protective Officers, who were working alongside local law enforcement. The CIA referred subsequent inquiries about the incident to the FBI."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub905454

No title found

["No title found\nCardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death among women in the United States, in part due to a very high prevalence of dyslipidemia. Clinical trials have shown that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering therapy can decrease angiographic progression of coronary disease and decrease clinical events among women and men. Although hormone replacement therapy has beneficial effects on the lipoprotein profile, its role in cardiovascular disease prevention remains unclear", "No title found\nThe recently released Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel provides detailed guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia in women, with a focus on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and intensity guided by risk of cardiovascular events. Copyright \u00a9 2001 by Current Science Inc.."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://1916.nd.edu/events/2016/12/06/49668-screening-and-discussion-dublin/

Screening and Discussion - Dublin // Events // 1916 The Irish Rebellion // University of Notre Dame

["Screening and Discussion - Dublin // Events // 1916 The Irish Rebellion // University of Notre Dame\nScreening and Discussion - Dublin\nTime: Tue Dec 6, 2016, 3:00PM - 5:00PM\nLocation: GPO Witness History\nScreening of the feature-length documentary (86 minutes) followed by a discussion with Br\u00edona Nic Dhiarmada, the originator, writer, producer and executive producer of the documentary, and the Thomas J. and Kathleen M. O'Donnell Professor of Irish Studies and Concurrent Professor of Film, Television and Theater, University of Notre Dame.\nFor tickets\nGPO Witness History, GPO, O'Connell Street Lower, Dublin"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://trec.pdx.edu/events/professional-development/friday-transportation-seminar-scenarios-adoption-autonomous-vehicle

Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center

["Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nFriday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight\nFriday, November 16, 2018, 12:00pm to 1:00pm PST\nKarl Miller Center at PSU, 615 SW Harrison St., Room 465\nSabya Mishra, University of Memphis", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nFriday Transportation Seminars at Portland State University have been a tradition since 2000. With over 450 seminars presented and recorded (access the archive of seminars here), we host both visiting and local scholars to share the latest in research, technology, and implementation in transportation.\nPRESENTATION ARCHIVE\nMiss the seminar or want a look back?\nView the presentation slides", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nInnovation adoption research has largely ignored organizational adoption, and little work has been done to understand or predict the adoption of innovations by freight organizations. Among the existing innovation adoption theoretical and methodological approaches this seminar will explore which are most appropriate methods for freight organizational adoption", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nThe seminar will present a disaggregate market penetration model for freight transportation organizations adopting connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology and demonstrate an application using a case study area in Memphis, TN. The seminar will highlight ongoing and future organizational adoption research for CAVs, and other innovations.", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nWhat are some of the evolving technologies affecting freight transportation?\nOverview of adoption models for organizations\nAnalysis of organizational adoption considering one example innovation", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nSabya Mishra is an assistant professor in the department of civil engineering at the University of Memphis. Before joining the University of Memphis, he worked as a research assistant professor at the National Center for Smart Growth Research and Education, University of Maryland College Park. He is involved with a number of national and state transportation projects from Federal Highway Administration, U.S", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nDepartment of Transportation, Maryland State Highway Administration, Maryland Department of Transportation, and Michigan Department of Transportation. His areas of expertise include Travel Demand Modeling, Transportation Planning, and Policy, Econometric Modeling, Transportation Economics, and Finance. He is a member of Transportation Economics Committee (ABE20) and Freight Transportation Economics and Regulation Committee (AT010) of the Transportation Research Board.", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nThis 60-minute seminar is eligible for 1 hour of professional development credit for AICP (see our provider summary). We provide an electronic attendance certificate for other types of certification maintenance.\nSign up for our newsletter to receive monthly updates.", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nSabya Mishra is a visiting scholar, brought to Portland State University with support from the National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC). The NITC program is a Portland State-led partnership with the University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Technology, University of Utah and new partners University of Arizona and University of Texas at Arlington. We pursue our theme \u2014 improving mobility of people and goods to build strong communities \u2014 through research, education and technology transfer", "Friday Transportation Seminar: Scenarios for Adoption of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies in Freight | Transportation Research and Education Center\nThe Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC) at Portland State University is home to the National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC), the Initiative for Bicycle and Pedestrian Innovation (IBPI), and other transportation programs. TREC produces research and tools for transportation decision makers, develops K-12 curriculum to expand the diversity and capacity of the workforce, and engages students and young professionals through education."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.144/current_category.48/affirmation_detail.html

Wisconsin State Assembly

["Wisconsin State Assembly\nWisconsin State Assembly\nHome > International Affirmation > States and Provinces > United States > Wisconsin\n1999 ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 42\nMay 2, 2000 - Introduced by Representatives Ladwig and Plale. Referred to calendar.\nRelating to: designating April 24 of each year as \"Wisconsin Day of Remembrance for the Armenian Genocide of 1915 to 1923\".", "Wisconsin State Assembly\nWhereas, a systematic destruction of thousands of Armenian communities, through massacres and death marches in which some 1,500,000 Armenians perished and hundreds of thousands more were uprooted from their homes and ancient homeland, was carried out from 1915 to 1923; and\nWhereas, despite the overwhelming evidence borne out by a wealth of documentation, the Turkish government has never recognized nor accepted responsibility for the genocide of the Armenian people from 1915 to 1923; and", "Wisconsin State Assembly\nWhereas, by denying, and trying to expunge, the record of their genocide, the Turkish government deprives the Armenian people of their own history; and\nWhereas, recognition of these instances of the Turkish inhumanity to the Armenian population is crucial to guarding against the recurrence of genocide and provides the Armenian people with a greater understanding of their heritage; and", "Wisconsin State Assembly\nWhereas, the discrimination against and the hardship of the Armenian people persist today as fundamental freedoms are eroded through various governmental administrative orders; and\nWhereas, the differences between the Turkish and Armenian people remain and even today lead to the loss of human lives and numerous violations of human rights; and", "Wisconsin State Assembly\nWhereas, the government of Turkey denies its Armenian community religious freedom, the right to control its own schools, the right to teach its children its own language, and the right to express its ethnic identity; now, therefore, be it\nResolved by the assembly, That the assembly of the state of Wisconsin hereby designates April 24 of each year as \"Wisconsin Day of Remembrance for the Armenian Genocide of 1915 to 1923\"; and, be it further", "Wisconsin State Assembly\nResolved, That the assembly chief clerk shall provide a copy of this resolution to the Governor, the Armenian Genocide Commemorative Committee and the President of the United States."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://hetlaatstecontinent.be/boeken/mackenna_shackleton.html

Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica

["Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nHome - Boeken en dvd's over Antarctica\nHet continent\nDierenwereld\nAntarctica bezoeken\nBoeken over Antarctica\nJonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna - Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nUitgever: The Lilliput Press, Dublin\nVerschijningsdatum: 2002\nAantal blz.: 208\nISBN: 1 84351 009 X\nterug naar literatuurlijst\nDe achterflap:", "Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nEighty years after his death, the legend of Ernest Shackleton and the extraordinary story of the Endurance South Pole expedition still hold a compelling grip on the public imagination. Trapped in drifting polar pack-ice for ten months, Ernest Shackleton and his crew fought for survival against all the odds. When the Endurance was finally crushed, they were stranded on ice floes for more than a year before reaching Elephant Island in April 1916", "Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nFrom there Shackleton and five of his men embarked on the most remarkable rescue mission in maritime history, sailing to South Georgia across eight hundred miles of the world's roughest seas in a small open boat.", "Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nDespite failing to realize his dream of reaching the South Pole, Shackleton's story lives on because of his unique qualities of leadership and the extraordinary fact that all of his men survived. This compelling narrative probes the profound influence of Shackleton's Irish and Quaker roots in the making of a great leader. It offers a vivid portrait of a man at odds with the world and with himself, whose ambition was tempered by his flawed humanity and egalitarianism", "Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nHere too are the untold stories of Shackleton's upbringing in Kildare, his time in the Merchant Navy, his 1901 voyage on the Discovery with Robert Falcon Scott, his 1907 Nimrod expedition, his marriage and love affairs, his life as a public figure and politician, and the haunting story of his final, fatal expedition on the Quest.", "Het Laatste Continent - Boeken over Antarctica - Jonathan Shackleton en John MacKenna: Shackleton. An Irishman in Antarctica\nDrawing on family records, diaries, and letters - and hitherto unpublished photographs and archive material - this mesmerizing book takes us beyond the myth to Shackleton; the man, for whom \"optimism is true moral courage,\" and whose greatest triumph was that of life over death.\nShackleton: An Irishman in Antarctica is lavishly illustrated with more than a hundred photographs, maps, and engravings, some of them appearing in print for the first time.\nterug naar literatuurlijst |"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/students/happy.htm

Happiness, Hope, Optimism

["Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nHappiness, Hope, and Optimism\nby Patricia A. Dunavold\n(spring 1997)\nOn the surface, happiness, hope, and optimism appear to be three different terms for the same concept. But further research will show that they are three very different concepts. Although all three are generally thought of as positive, they each have different qualities. They are not interchangeable!", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nWhat is happiness? Is it an emotion? Or a state of mind? As we learned earlier in this class, according to many emotion theorists (such as Paul Ekman) happiness is one of the \"Big Six\" emotions (seven if you count contempt) which also include surprise, fear, disgust, anger, and sadness (Cornelius, 1996). So, now that we have decided that happiness is an emotion how do we define it? And how does the concept of motivation apply to this particular emotion?", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nThere are two main schools of thought on the definition of emotion. Hedonism is the psychological theory that organisms are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain (Franken, 1994). Hedonism usually involves the feelings that result from input into the five different sensory systems (vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch). Happiness then, according to the hedonists, simply involves maximizing the positive effects of the different sensory systems. But happiness is a very complex concept", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nMaybe it's just not that simple. Cognitive theorists don't think so. Lazarus, a cognitive emotion theorist, defines happiness as that emotion which results from \"making reasonable progress towards the realization of a goal\" (Franken, 1994). Therefore happiness could have nothing to do with sensory input. If your goal, for instance, is to earn a Master's degree, then completion of the classes or steps leading to that goal, would, according to Lazarus, bring about happiness", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nIn other words, the cognitive theorists view happiness as something you experience on the way to a goal, so happiness is goal-driven or goal motivated, while the hedonists see happiness as the end state or the goal itself. The motivation, according to hedonism, is simply the quest for pleasure and to avoid pain (Parducci, 1995).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Studies have shown that high concentrations of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine leads to feelings of elation and euphoria (extreme happiness) (Franken, 1994). Scientists have long known that there is a \"pleasure center\" or \"reward center\" in the brain. In 1956, James Olds discovered that rats quickly learned to press a bar attached to electrodes implanted in their brain that would trigger an electrical stimulation in that part of the brain. The human brain has also been found to have a \"reward system\"", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nStudies with humans have shown that high levels of some neurotransmitters (specifically norepinephrine) can increase feelings of elation and euphoria (happiness) while low levels of norepinephrine have been linked to feelings of depression (unhappiness) (Franken, 1994). So it seems clear that, yes, there is a biological component to happiness.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nLearned Component - Is there a learned component associated with happiness? Studies also show that the applications of coping strategies (learned behaviors) can increase a person's level of happiness. How do coping strategies improve a person's mood", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Again, successfully coping with a challenge increases the amount of norepinephrine released in the brain. For instance, aerobic exercise (which is used as a coping strategy by many persons) can actually stimulate the output of norepinephrine by as much as four and one half times normal (Davis, 1973; Howley, 1976). This would explain the phenomenon of \"runner's high\"", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nStudies also indicate that, like an addiction to drugs, runners (and others who regularly participate in an aerobic exercise) need to increase the amount of effort put forth in order to obtain the same level of arousal. The theory here is that there is a \"tolerance\" effect and that a person's body gets used to a certain level of the drug (in this case norepinephrine) and needs increased amounts to get the same stimulation.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nMore recent studies with humans (Stein, 1980) also show that certain drugs, like cocaine and amphetamines, stimulate the release of two neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine, which activate the reward pathways in the brain. Furthermore, cocaine and amphetamines impede the reabsorption or reuptake of these neurotransmitters leading to an increase in the firing of neurons which results in a persistent state of high arousal or happiness", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSo it seems likely that there is also a learned component to happiness but only in the manner that learned activities will increase the levels of norepinephrine (and other neurotransmitters) in the brain which bring on the state of happiness.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Studies also show that when people use coping strategies successfully it can lead to feelings of pride or self-efficacy (Lazarus, 1991). Interestingly enough, these studies show that when people are experiencing feelings of pride and self-efficacy their bodies are also releasing a number of chemicals. Among the chemicals released is the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which produces feelings of happiness (Franken, 1994)", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSo, again, there seems to be a cognitive component to happiness but only in that it leads to increased levels of norepinephrine and therefore the feelings of euphoria that result from the increased levels.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Most current theories of emotion do not include hope as an emotion (at least not a prototypic emotion). However, in previous times (especially during the Medieval period, before the industrial revolution, when we did not have the benefits of scientific knowledge and technology to explain most natural phenomenon) hope was considered one of the most fundamental of all the emotions (Averill et al, 1990). However, James Averill, a social constructivist, believes that hope does fit an emotional model", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nAverill bases his conclusion that hope is an emotion on the findings of a study that compared hope to two other emotions (love and anger)", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nAverill and his colleagues found that subjects rated anger, love, and hope as all having the same five features: 1) all are difficult to control, 2) all affect the way you think or perceive events, 3) all affect the way you behave, 4) all motivate behavior, increase persistence, enable one to go on (even in the face of adversity), and 5) all are common universal experiences", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nBut the conclusions derived from this study can be questioned based on the fact that very few theorists consider love an emotion (at least not a prototypic emotion).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSo, how do we define hope? Again there are many different definitions of hope, depending on which theorist you follow. But there are several common themes in all the definitions of hope. Hope usually involves some uncertainty of an outcome, typically concerns matters of importance, and usually reflects a person's moral values. Hope is frequently considered a temporary condition that is specific to a given situation and contingent upon one's skills or abilities.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nBiological Component - Is there a biological component associated with hope? I could not find any theorists who study hope who supported a biological model of hope. In fact, James Averill states that \"hope is not associated with any specific physiological responses or reflex-like actions\" (Averill et al, 1990).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Actually hope appears to be a primarily learned concept. In a series of studies done by Averill, et al (1990), he and his colleagues came to the conclusion that hope includes learned behaviors and thought processes that are acquired through the socialization process. This was demonstrated in a study of the implicit theories of hope as reflected in 108 metaphors, maxims, and proverbs related to hope that are common in many cultures", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nThese findings support the theory that hope is a culturally determined concept and is implicitly acquired by children during the language acquisition process. Additionally there is a strong religious component to hope. Many Christian religions are built on hope and models of hope are implicitly taught in religious teachings.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? There is but only in the restoration and maintenance of hope - not in the actual acquisition of hope. Many studies have shown that cognitive strategies such as positive self-talk, reading uplifting books, envisioning hopeful images, listening to uplifting music, and lightheartedness (humor and laughter) are used by hopeful persons when suffering some \"crisis\" or adverse life event (Farran, 1995)", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nBut I could not find any evidence that people actively \"think\" about hope or about using any of these strategies. We do not seem to \"think\" about whether or not it would be helpful or wise to have \"hope\" in any given situation. We are either hopeful or we are not. And, if we are hopeful, it (the condition of hope) seems to \"automatically kick in\" based on a person's earlier learning.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nHope also seems to be a powerful motivator. C.R. Snyder, a University of Kansas psychologist, posed the following hypothetical situation to college students: \"Although you set your goal of getting a B in a class, after your first exam, which accounts for 30% of your grade, you find you only scored a D. It is now one week later. What do you do?\" Snyder found that hope made all the difference", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nStudents with high levels of hope said they would work harder and thought of a wider range of things they could do to improve their final grade. Students with moderate levels of hope thought of several ways to improve their grade, but had far less determination to pursue them. Students with low levels of hope gave up attempting to improve their grade, completely demoralized (Goleman, 1995).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nThis study is not just a theoretical paradigm. When Snyder also compared the actual academic achievement of freshman students who scored high and low on hope, he found that hope was actually a better predictor of their first semester grades than were their SAT scores (which are highly correlated with IQ and therefore widely accepted as a predictor of how successful students will be in college) (Goleman, 1995).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nWhat is optimism? Is it an emotion? Or a state of mind? Although some theorists (Lionel Tiger) consider optimism to be an emotion it seems to be more of an explanatory style than an emotion.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nHow do we define optimism? Two theorists (Scheier and Carver, 1985) define optimism \"as a generalized expectancy that good, as opposed to bad, outcomes will generally occur when confronted with problems across important life domains\" (Franken, 1994). In general, optimism is used to denote a positive attitude or disposition that good things will happen independent of one's ability.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? One argument for a biological explanation of optimism comes from Lionel Tiger whose book, Optimism: The Biology of Hope was published in 1979. Tiger maintains that when early man left the forests and became hunters many of them suffered death and injury. He reasoned that since the principles of learning tell us that humans tend to abandon tasks associated with negative consequences it was biologically adaptive for humans to develop a sense of optimism", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nHe further argues that when we are injured our bodies release endorphins. Endorphins generally have two properties; they have an analgesic property (to reduce pain) and they produce feelings of euphoria. Tiger reasons that it was biologically adaptive for our ancestors to experience positive emotions instead of negative emotions when they were injured because it would reinforce their tendency to hunt in the future. Therefore, Tiger reasons, optimism is a biologically induced state (Franken, 1994)", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nIn fact, many personality theorists consider optimism a personality trait and not an emotion. They believe that optimism may be an inborn temperament; some people are, by nature, either optimistic or pessimistic.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Several researchers have come to the conclusion that optimism is a thinking style that can be learned. In fact, that is what Martin E.P. Seligman's book Learned Optimism professes. Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence, agrees with Dr Seligman. He believes that hope and optimism can both be learned. He feels that self-efficacy, the belief that one has mastery over the events of one's life and can meet challenges as they come up, lead to hope and optimism. But I disagree with this theory", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nI don't think optimism can be learned. Dr Seilgman's method of teaching optimism relies heavily on active thought processes which I believe is more of a cognitive activity. I do think that optimism can be reinforced or stifled. Additionally, if optimism IS biological (and we currently have no proof that it is) then it would be very difficult to LEARN to have something that is inherent.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? Some researchers, such as C.R. Snyder feel that optimism differs from hope in that it contains a proactive component called planning (Franken, 1994). Additionally, optimistic statements are usually based on logical, concrete facts. Both of these concepts (planning and logic) implies some sort of cognitive activity (as opposed to rote learning or habit)", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nConsider, for instance the following two statements, \"I hope that the economy will improve\" and \"I am optimistic that the economy will improve.\" The first statement can be made without any evidence to support it. We can all hope for anything at anytime. The second statement, however, conveys more confidence. Optimistic claims are usually based on evidence that can be judged or evaluated in terms of rational criteria.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nLike hope, optimism is also a great motivator. In the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics, Matt Biondi lost the gold and silver medals in his first event, his best event, the 200-meter freestyle, by mere centimeters. Many sportscasters predicted that this early defeat would dispirit Biondi and cost him any chance of winning gold medals in any successive events. They were wrong. Biondi went on to win gold medals in five of his six remaining events (he took the silver in his second event). Why", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? According to University of Pennsylvania psychologist, Martin E.P. Seligman, Biondi was able to make a successful comeback because of optimism. Seligman had tested Biondi, and his teammates, using the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ) four months before the start of the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics and Biondi had scored very high on the optimistic scale. Then Seligman had subjected Biondi and his less optimistic teammates to false feedback from their coach during a controlled study", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nBiondi, and others, were told that they had not swam very fast in a practice he at when in fact they had done remarkably well. Each swimmer was told that they had swam 1.5 to 5 seconds slower (depending on the distance of the event) than they had actually swam. These times were selected because they would be both believable and disheartening. Then the coach told each of the swimmers to \"rest up and then try again\" giving it their best", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nAs predicted by Seligman the swimmers scoring high on the ASQ did as well or even better than the previous swim session. The swimmers scoring low on the ASQ (the pessimists) all did even worse on their second try. This group of swimmers had been dispirited and had just given up (Goleman, 1995, Seligman, 1990).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSo, how are happiness, hope and optimism related? They are all three positive conditions. They are all three great motivators. How do they differ", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\n? They differ in the mechanism in which they are acquired. It is also generally accepted that happiness is an emotion and that hope and optimism are not (at least not fundamental emotions). Hope and optimism differ in that hope is situation specific (specific condition) and contingent upon one's own abilities (internal condition). Optimism is an overall explanatory style (global condition) that positive things will occur independent of one's ability (external condition).", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nIn short, it seems, at least to this author, that happiness is nothing more than a biological state brought about by the release and blocked reabsorption of certain neurotransmitters (primarily norepinephrine, dopamine, and sertonian) triggered by physical and cognitive activities. Individual differences, primarily acquired through learning, could account for the differences in reported levels of happiness by different individuals after experiencing certain activities.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nHope seems to be a primarily learned condition. It seems that it is usually learned at an early age through the socialization process. It seems to require little cognitive thought and, in fact, actively thinking about the pros and cons of some situations could lead an individual to lose all hope.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nOptimism, in comparison, seems to me to be a primarily cognitive activity. It seems that some people do indeed have a tendency to have an optimistic attitude about life and situations in general, but that their optimism, unlike hope, is based on logical, rational facts that are processed cognitively.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSo we have three very different, but complimentary, conditions. One, happiness, being primarily biological in nature, seems to be the most basic, fundamental condition of the three. Hope, being primarily a learned condition, can lead to happiness, and optimism, a primarily cognitive condition which, in the words of one researcher, spawns hope. And, in turn, happiness seems to reinforce optimism leading to a cycle of happy, hopeful, optimistic persons.\nThe Psychology of Happiness", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nThis site offers a few conclusions made by Michael Argyle in his book, Psychology of Happiness, on what makes people happy.\nChemical evidence for personality, happiness.\nSummary of an article by a Cornell psychologist where he presents evidence for a chemical model of happiness.\nThe Need for Hope\nThis site is a submission from the Institute of HeartMath on the importance of hope.\nFAITH, HOPE, AND JOY.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nThis is a site called Balance Quest which is committed to searching for the best ideas and tools - be it scientific, traditional, or spiritual - to promote happiness. It is a collection of resources to cultivate psychological literacy. Headed by a group of M.D.s and Ph.D.s This particular site is a sample from Chapter 10 of David Myers' book The Pursuit of Happiness.\nMind & Body \"Learned Optimism\" Yields Health Benefits.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSummarization of a study done by Martin E.P. Seligman, and Gregory Buchanan, from the University of Pennsylvania on the relationship between learned optimism and physical health.\nDYNAMIC OPTIMISM Philosophy and Psychology for Shattering Limits.\nA description of Dynamic Optimism, which is a combination of philosophical understanding and psychological knowledge, as theorized by Max More, Ph.D. The construct of \"dynamic optimism\" focuses on overcoming limits to achievement and happiness.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nDer Zeitgeist: The Student Journal of Psychology\nScholarly paper written by an undergraduate which examines the relationship between religion and optimism.\nOptimism May Not Prolong Life For Cancer Patients But Pessimism May Shorten It\nSummary of a study published in an American Psychological Association publication which considers the relationship between outlook and cancer prognosis.\nThe Optimist Creed\nThe philosophy that optimists strive to live by.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nAverill, J.R., Catlin, G. & Chon, K.K. (1990). Rules of Hope. New York, NY: Springr-Verlag.\nBradburn, N.M. (1969). The Structure of Psychological Well-Being. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company\nCornelius, R.R. (19960. The Science of Emotion Research and Tradition in the Psychology of Emotion. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall\nDearden, H. (1925). The Science of Happiness. London, England: William Heinemann, LTD.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nFarran, C.J., Herth, K.A. & Popovich, J.M. (1995). Hope and Hopelessness: Critical Clinical Constructs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.\nFranken, R.E. (1994). Human Motivation, 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.\nGoleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence - Why it Can Matter More Than IQ. New York, NY: Bantam Books.\nHutschnecker, A.A. (1981). Hope - The Dynamics of Self-Fulfillment. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nMadsen, K.B. (1968). Theories of Motivation - A Comparative Study of Modern Theories of Motivation, 4th ed. Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press.\nMyers, D.G. (1992). The Pursuit of Happiness - Who is Happy - and Why. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company, Inc.\nParducci, A. (1995). Happiness, Pleasure, and Judgment - The Contextual Theory and Its Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.\nSeligman, M.E.P. (1990). Learned Optimism. New York, NY: Pocket Books.", "Happiness, Hope, Optimism\nSeligman, M.E.P. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman and Company.\nSnyder, C.R. (1994). The Psychology of Hope: You Can Get There From Here. New York, NY: The Free Press."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://mycatalog.txstate.edu/graduate/education/curriculum-instruction/

Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University

["Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction\nDepartment of Counseling, Leadership, Adult Education, and School Psychology\nPh.D. Major in Developmental Education (Developmental Literacy Concentration)\nPh.D. Major in Developmental Education (Developmental Mathematics Concentration)\nPh.D. Major in Developmental Education (Learning Support Concentration)\nEd.D. Major in Developmental Education (Developmental Literacy Concentration)\nEd.D. Major in Developmental Education (Developmental Mathematics Concentration)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nEd.D. Major in Developmental Education (Learning Support Concentration)\nM.A. Major in Developmental Education (Developmental Mathematics Concentration)\nM.A. Major in Developmental Education (Learning Support Concentration)\nM.A. Major in Developmental Education (Literacy Concentration)\nM.A. Major in Elementary Education\nM.A. Major in Elementary Education (Early Childhood Concentration)\nM.A. Major in Elementary Education (Talent Development Concentration)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nM.A. Major in Elementary Education Bilingual/\u200bBicultural\nM.A. Major in Secondary Education\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (Early Childhood Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (Talent Development Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (4-\u200b8 English Language Arts and Reading/\u200bSocial Studies Certification Option)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (4-\u200b8 Science Certification Option)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (4-\u200b8 Mathematics Certification Option)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (4-\u200b8 Generalist Certification Option)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (EC-\u200b6 Generalist ESL Certification Option)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (EC-\u200b6 Generalist Bilingual Certification Option)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (EC-\u200b6 Teacher Recruitment Program ESL)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (Teacher Fellows)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education (Master Math Teacher EC-\u200b4 Certification Option)\nM.Ed. Major in Elementary Education Bilingual/\u200bBicultural\nM.Ed. Major in Educational Technology\nM.Ed. Major in Reading Education\nM.Ed. Major in Secondary Education\nM.Ed. Major in Secondary Education (Education Technology Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Secondary Education (Talent Development Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Secondary Education (Teacher Recruitment Program)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nM.Ed. Major in Secondary Education (Teaching Certification CMED Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Secondary Education (Teaching Dual Credit Courses Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Special Education (Autism/\u200bApplied Behavior Analysis Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Special Education (Behavioral Disorders/\u200bPositive Behavior Supports Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Special Education (Learning Disabilities/\u200bInclusion Concentration)\nM.Ed. Major in Special Education (Teacher Certification CASE Concentration)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMinor in Creativity Studies in Education\nMinor in Developmental Education\nMinor in Elementary Education\nMinor in Elementary Education Bilingual/\u200bBicultural\nMinor in Gifted and Talented Education\nMinor in Methods &\u200b Materials\nMinor in Reading Education\nMinor in Secondary Education\nMinor in Special Education\nCertificate in Autism\nCertificate in Behavioral Disorders/\u200bPositive Behavioral Support\nCertificate in Learning Disabilities/\u200bInclusion\nDepartment of Health and Human Performance", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nThe Department of Curriculum and Instruction (C&I) offers a variety of degrees and programs, both master's and doctoral, that are intended to enhance the professional development and career goals of teachers and other educators. C&I also offers post-baccalaureate initial teaching certificates (available only to those not already certified) that may be obtained at the graduate level with or without the master\u2019s degree", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nBefore proceeding into any field of education at Texas State, the degree applicant should inquire as to certification requirements associated with or prerequisites to the degree. Those seeking initial teacher certification must keep in mind that certification requirements and graduate degree requirements may not be related and that the satisfactory completion of degree requirements may not always lead to certification", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nYou will find more information on specific programs as well as contact information on the College of Education and C&I websites. For additional information regarding requirements for admittance to teacher certification, please visit the Office of Educator Preparation website.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nStudents seeking either a master\u2019s degree or certification combined with a master\u2019s degree can typically begin their studies without completing background or leveling classes. An exception to this would be approximately 6-9 hours of college level math, speech communication, computer literacy, and 6 hours of English composition necessary for students seeking initial teacher certification", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nAdditionally, students seeking initial secondary teacher certification may be required to take additional undergraduate or graduate course work in their desired teaching fields. Note: Criminal background checks are required by Texas law for all teachers, and no one convicted of a felony may be certified to teach in Texas.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nPost-Baccalaureate Programs\nPost-Baccalaureate Initial Teaching Certification serves individuals who have earned bachelor's degrees in fields other than education. Students may earn EC-6, 4-8, or 7-12 certification by taking graduate level courses that may count toward a graduate degree.\nProfessional Certifications are also available for the reading specialist and master mathematics teacher EC-4.\nInitial Certification Options", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nAn individual may seek initial teacher certification as a post-baccalaureate student in several of the certification areas offered by the State of Texas. Satisfactory performance on a State Board for Educator Certification test is required for provisional or professional certificates in education. For updated information please go to the website for The Office of Educator Preparation at: http://www.education.txstate.edu/oep/", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nNote: Criminal background checks are required by Texas law for all teachers, and no one convicted of a felony may be certified to teach in Texas.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nAll students seeking initial or professional certification must apply and be accepted into the Educator Preparation Program (Refer to the Office of Educator Preparation section.) This acceptance includes payment to the university of a state mandated Texas Educational Agency technology fee.\nSupplementary Certificates (Endorsements)\nThese certifications may be added to a teaching certificate.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nSupplementary certificates (formerly called endorsements) are offered in addition to majors and specializations associated with the degree programs in bilingual/bicultural, educational reading specialist, gifted and talented education, and special education. Satisfactory performance on a State Board for Educator Certification test is required for provisional or professional certificates in education.\nBilingual Education Certificate\nThese courses are required for bilingual education:", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nRDG 5331 Literacy Methods for Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Students 3\nCI 5336 Methods and Materials for Teaching English as a Second Language 3\nCI 5387 Bilingual Education: Principles and Practices 3\nGeneric Special Education Certificate\nThese courses are required for generic special education:\nSPED 5311 Teaching Language Arts to Students with Disabilities 3\nSPED 5313 Education Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders 3\nSPED 5340 Principles and Practices of Effective Instruction 3", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nSPED 5327 Educating Students with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 3\nSPED 5334 Assessment and Evaluation of Students with Disabilities 3\nSPED 5360 Survey of Exceptionality 3\nSPED 5375 Behavior Management: School Application of Applied Behavior Analysis 3\nSPED 5389 Special Education Practicum 3\nGifted and Talented Education Certificate\nThese courses are required for gifted and talented education:\nCI 5308 Introduction to Gifted/Talented Education 3\nCI 5309 Talent Development 3", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nCI 5310 Creativity: Theories, Research, and Applications 3\nCI 5311 Practicum in Talent Development 3\nCI 5319 Social, Emotional, and Cultural Contexts of Advanced Development 3\nStudent Fitness and Performance\nProgram Standards", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nStudents enrolled in all academic programs in The Graduate College must maintain high scholastic standards and develop a mastery of the knowledge and methods of their respective discipline. Students are expected to demonstrate emotional and mental fitness in their interactions with others, use skills and methods that are generally accepted by others in the profession, and conform to the code of ethics of their respective discipline, and the university\u2019s honor code", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nA student\u2019s acceptance in any program does not guarantee the student\u2019s fitness to remain in that program. The faculty is responsible for verifying that only those students who continue to meet program standards are allowed to continue in any program.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMembers of the faculty, using their professional judgments, evaluate student fitness and performance continuously. The criteria used by the faculty to make such judgments include instructors\u2019 observations of student performance in class or in activities related to courses, evaluations of student performance on theses and practica, site supervisors\u2019 evaluations of student performance in practica, and the codes of ethics noted above", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nStudents who are not making satisfactory progress or who are not meeting program standards should consider withdrawing from the program.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nIn this context, the term \u201csatisfactory progress\u201d refers to an academic judgment made regarding the student\u2019s fitness and performance. It is a judgment that the student has failed to meet program standards rather than a judgment made on the basis of the student\u2019s violation of valid rules of conduct. Disciplinary matters are referred to Student Justice.\nStudent Review Process", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nIf a faculty member believes that a student is not making satisfactory progress or meeting program standards, he or she should discuss the situation with the student. If the faculty member believes that the student\u2019s performance cannot improve to acceptable standards, the faculty member should refer the student to the Program Standards Committee of the appropriate department", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nThe Program Standards Committee consists of three faculty members appointed by the department chair in consultation with the department\u2019s senior faculty.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nThe Committee will notify the student of the reasons that he or she is not making satisfactory progress or meeting program standards and will give the student an opportunity to meet with the Committee to respond and to present information and witnesses to the Committee. The Committee will also meet with the faculty member who referred the student to the Committee", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nAfter considering the matter, and within ten working days of meeting with the student, the Committee will report its decision to the student and the department chair, stating that the student should either remain in or leave the program. The Committee may make other decisions, such as placing restrictions or conditions on the student\u2019s continuing in the program", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nWithin ten working days of receiving the Committee\u2019s decision, the student will notify the department chair of the student\u2019s acceptance or rejection of the Committee\u2019s decision. If the student rejects the Committee\u2019s decision, he or she may appeal to the department chair.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nWithin ten working days of receiving the student\u2019s appeal, the chair will make a decision as to the student\u2019s continued presence in the program. Before making the decision, the chair will meet with the student. However, the chair need not meet with the student before making a decision if the student was given a reasonable opportunity to meet, and the student either failed or refused to meet. The chair will notify the student of the decision.", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nIf the student is dissatisfied with the chair\u2019s decision, he or she may appeal to the dean of the appropriate college. However, in order for the dean to consider an appeal, the student must submit a written notice of appeal to the chair and the dean within ten working days of receiving the chair\u2019s decision. The dean will consider the matter based on information compiled by the chair and notify the student of the decision within ten working days of the dean\u2019s receipt of the appeal from the chair", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nAdmittance to the Educator Preparation Program\nAll degrees that lead to teaching certification require formal admittance into the Educator Preparation Program by the Office of Educator Preparation Program by the Office of Educator Preparation. Please see http://www.education.txstate.edu/oep/ for current admittance requirements and procedures.\nDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)\nMajor in Developmental Education (Developmental Literacy Concentration)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMajor in Developmental Education (Developmental Mathematics Concentration)\nMajor in Developmental Education (Learning Support Concentration)\nDoctor of Education (Ed.D.)\nMajor in Developmental Education (Literacy Concentration)\nMajor in Elementary Education\nMajor in Elementary Education (Early Childhood Concentration)\nMajor in Elementary Education (Talent Development Concentration)\nMajor in Elementary Education Bilingual/Bicultural\nMajor in Secondary Education\nMajor in Educational Technology", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMajor in Elementary Education (4-8 ELA/Reading/Social Studies Certification Option)\nMajor in Elementary Education (4-8 Science Certification Option)\nMajor in Elementary Education (4-8 Math Certification Option)\nMajor in Elementary Education (4-8 Generalist Certification Option)\nMajor in Elementary Education (EC-6 Generalist ESL Certification Option)\nMajor in Elementary Education (EC-6 Generalist Bilingual Certification Option)\nMajor in Elementary Education (EC-6 Teacher Recruitment Program ESL)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMajor in Elementary Education (Teacher Fellows)\nMajor in Elementary Education (Master Math Teacher EC-4 Certification Option)\nMajor in Reading Education\nMajor in Secondary Education (Education Technology Concentration)\nMajor in Secondary Education (Talent Development Concentration)\nMajor in Secondary Education (Teacher Recruitment Program)\nMajor in Secondary Education (Teaching Certification CMED Concentration)\nMajor in Secondary Education (Teaching Dual Credit Courses Concentration)", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMajor in Special Education (Autism/Applied Behavior Analysis Concentration)\nMajor in Special Education (Behavioral Disorders/Positive Behavior Supports Concentration)\nMajor in Special Education (Learning Disabilities/Inclusion Concentration)\nMajor in Special Education (Teacher Certification CASE Concentration)\nCreativity Studies in Education\nDevelopmental Education\nElementary Education Bilingual/Bicultural\nGifted & Talented Education\nReading Education\nBehavioral Disorders/Positive Behavioral Support", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nLearning Disabilities/Inclusion\nDoctoral Faculty\nAsh, Gwynne Ellen, Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Georgia\nAssaf, Lori Czop, Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nBond, J Nathan, Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nBrooks, Maneka Deanna, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Stanford University", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nCollins, Kristina Henry, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Georgia\nDavis, Barbara H, Professor Emeritus, Curriculum & Instruction, Ed.D., Texas Tech University\nDelaney, Carol, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Syracuse University Main Campus\nFite, Kathleen E, Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ed.D., University of North Texas\nFong, Carlton Jing, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nForsythe, Michelle Elizabeth, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University\nGainer, Jesse S, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nLang, Russell B, Program Director, Faculty, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nLee, Kathryn S, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nLopez, Minda M, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Univ of Texas at San Antonio\nO'Neal, Sharon F, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nPimentel, Charise N, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Utah\nSaunders, Jane M, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nSuh, Emily Kyung Jin, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Univ of Nebraska - Lincoln", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nWaite, Susan F, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ed.D., University of Georgia\nWerner, Patrice H, Associate Dean, College of Education and Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of North Texas\nAllsup, Roxane Cuellar, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas A&M University\nBillingsley, Glenna M, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas State University", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nBruntmyer, Darlene Tichelle, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Univ of Missouri-Columbia\nByrum, David C, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Univ of Oklahoma Norman Campus\nCiullo, Stephen P, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nColegrove, Kiyomi Sanchez-Suzuki, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nCollins, Alyson Alexander, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University\nDavenport, Katy Elaine, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, M.Ed., University of Texas at Austin\nDennis, Cheryll I, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas Woman's University\nDickinson, Gail, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nDuchaine, Ellen L, Senior Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Georgia State University", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nEverman, Daphne Jane, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas State University\nGarza, Ruben, Assistant Dean, College of Education and Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nHolschuh, Douglas R, Senior Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Georgia\nHuerta, Mary E, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Univ of Texas at San Antonio\nJackson, Julie, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nJohnson, Marcus Wayne, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nKinard, Timothy A, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nLangerock, Nancy L, Senior Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas A&M University\nLedbetter-Cho, Katherine Elise, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, M.Ed., Texas State University\nMaldonado, Luz A, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nMasterson, Lynn C, Senior Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nMurillo Benjumea, Luz Alba, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Arizona\nMurillo-Sutterby, Sandra, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas A&M Univ-Corpus Christi\nNielson Vargas, Erika Koren, Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., Texas State University\nOestreich, Jo B, Senior Lecturer, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin", "Department of Curriculum and Instruction | Texas State University\nSmith, Patrick Henry, Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Arizona\nSmith, Shaunna Fultz, Associate Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ed.D., University of Houston\nThomas, Cathy, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin\nVan Overschelde, James P, Assistant Professor, Curriculum & Instruction, Ph.D., University of Colorado Boulder"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://thunderpussy.com/UPC/4039956922186

Gottinger Weihnachtskantaten

["Gottinger Weihnachtskantaten\nHow science and art cross-fertilize can be studied in the city of G\u00c3\u00b6ttingen in the late 18th century. Founded in 1734, the university there is not one of the oldest in Germany, but it is still one of the most popular. And it brought a heyday precisely in music as well. Johann Friedrich Schweinitz was one of the first law students in G\u00c3\u00b6ttingen; he had previously been a member of the Bach Collegium musicum in Leipzig and had personally experienced the old Johann Sebastian", "Gottinger Weihnachtskantaten\nIn general, he was probably more interested in music than in law and made it his task to coordinate the G\u00c3\u00b6ttingen university music and to lead it to it's peak, for which he also worked diligently as a composer. The Christmas Cantata is one of his greatest works, and the influence of Bach as a role model can be felt in them", "Gottinger Weihnachtskantaten\nHis successors expanded the stylistic spectrum, and thus, supplemented by symphonic works, a colorful picture of G\u00c3\u00b6ttingen's musical life on the threshold from the Baroque to the Classical era emerges.", "Gottinger Weihnachtskantaten\nhttps://thunderpussy.com 4039956922186\nLabel: COVIELLO CLASSICS\nGottinger Weihanchtskantaten\nArtist: Forkel / Kress / Kummel / Kerstin Dietl"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://newday.blogs.cnn.com/2014/07/18/u-s-official-missile-shot-down-malaysia-airlines-plane/

U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17

["U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nU.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nAs authorities scramble to establish what happened to Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in Ukraine, U.S. officials on Friday pointed the finger toward pro-Russia rebels.\nU.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power told an emergency meeting of the U.N. Security Council that the plane was \"likely downed by a surface to air missile ... operated from a separatist-held location in eastern Ukraine.\"", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nShe said if pro-Russian separatists are responsible for shooting down the plane with a missile, it cannot be ruled out that Russia offered help to operate the system,\nSeparatist leaders also boasted on social media about shooting down the plane and later deleted those references, she said.\nOn board were 298 people, none of whom survived the crash, she said. Three were infants.", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nA preliminary classified U.S. intelligence analysis has concluded that the missile that hit Flight 17 most likely was fired by pro-Russian separatists inside eastern Ukraine, according to a U.S. defense official with direct access to the latest information.\nThe official declined to be identified because of the sensitivity of the information.\nPower had tough words for Russia, saying it had not lived up to its commitments to ease tensions and halt the flow of weapons over the border to the rebels in Ukraine.", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nUkrainian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk earlier blasted the \"terrorists\" he blamed for shooting down Flight 17 over Ukraine a day earlier, with 298 people aboard.\nHe called on all governments to back the investigation and \"to support the Ukrainian government to bring to justice all these bastards who committed this international crime.\"\nRussia, Ukraine trade accusations", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nSince the Malaysia Airlines jet fell from the sky above eastern Ukraine on Thursday, Russia and Ukraine - which routinely uses the word \"terrorists\" to describe pro-Russian rebels - have traded blame and accusations.\n\"Terrorists have killed almost 300 persons with one shot,\" Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko said Thursday. \"Among them are women, children, citizens of different countries of the world.\"", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nRussian President Vladimir Putin pointed the finger back at Ukraine, blaming its recent tough military operations against separatists for the volatility in the region.\nBut Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin rejected that claim, telling CNN it was up to Russia to stop the flow of heavy weaponry across Ukraine's eastern border and push the separatists to embrace a cease-fire.\nHe also dismissed any suggestion that Ukrainian forces may have been involved in Thursday's tragedy.", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\n\"There was no way our forces could be engaged in any way in this incident,\" Klimkin said, adding that Ukraine did not have any military assets in the area that could have shot down MH17.\nKlimkin says Ukraine intercepted telephone calls between \"terrorists\" at the time the plane was shot down.\nYatsenyuk called for a U.N. Security Council meeting to be held and for all nations to do everything they could to stop what he said was not now just a war in Ukraine or Europe, but a \"war against the world.\"", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nMeanwhile, international inspectors headed to the crash site Friday tasked with finding the plane's flight data recorders, which may lie amid the human remains and debris strewn across fields near the town of Torez.\nUkrainian government officials said 181 bodies had been found.\nThe latest information from Malaysia Airlines indicates that the Netherlands has suffered the harshest blow, with at least 189 of its citizens among those killed.", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\nExperts have voiced concern that the crash site has not been properly secured, making the recovery of bodies and collection of evidence difficult.\nMORE on CNN.com\nPosted by Laura Smith-Spark, Nic Robertson\ndanR\nRussian President Vladimir Putin said Ukraine's military campaign against the separatists was to blame.", "U.S. Diplomat Points Finger at Pro-Russian Rebels Over Flight 17\n\"This tragedy would not have happened, if there had been peace on that land, or in any case, if military operations in southeastern Ukraine had not been renewed,\" Putin said in televised remarks. \"And without a doubt the government of the territory on which it happened bears responsibility for this frightening tragedy.\"\nThis has to be about the most shameless, disingenous, egregious, and aberant apology ever offered by a guilty public official.\nComment \u00bb"]

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0.02247191], [845, 1103, 0.03100775], [1103, 1189, 0.01162791], [1189, 1357, 0.01785714], [1357, 1523, 0.04216867], [1523, 1699, 0.01136364], [1699, 1733, 0.05882353], [1733, 1950, 0.03686636], [1950, 2141, 0.03664921], [2141, 2309, 0.0297619], [2309, 2524, 0.05116279], [2524, 2625, 0.02970297], [2625, 2812, 0.02673797], [2812, 2919, 0.01869159], [2919, 3128, 0.03349282], [3128, 3344, 0.01388889], [3344, 3407, 0.01587302], [3407, 3570, 0.02453988], [3570, 3717, 0.00680272], [3717, 3733, 0.4375], [3733, 3776, 0.13953488], [3776, 3781, 0.2], [3781, 3885, 0.04807692], [3885, 4207, 0.01242236], [4207, 4334, 0.00787402], [4334, 4343, 0.11111111]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 4343, 0.68043876]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 4343, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 4343, 0.95707977]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 4343, 3.48375024]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 4343, 144.38898485]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 4343, 29.68009839]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 4343, 44.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.coasttocoastam.com/show/2011-10-16-show/

Spirit Communications

["Spirit Communications\nGuest host Rob Simone (email) welcomed paranormal researcher Rosemary Ellen Guiley for a discussion about her new book with George Noory, Talking to the Dead, which covers spirit communications, and the technological devices people have used to contact the dead. She reviewed some of the earlier efforts of inventors like Tesla and Edison. There's no evidence that Edison actually produced a device to speak with the dead, though he spoke to journalists about his interest in it", "Spirit Communications\nHis concept of the afterlife was based on the idea that we're composed of \"life units\" which scatter and coalesce into a new package upon death, she detailed.", "Spirit Communications\nInterestingly, the disembodied seem to communicate best when there is a backdrop of noise going on, hence a lot of spirit communication devices incorporate the use of radio, Guiley explained. One, is the controversial \"radio sweep method\" (one version of this is known as Frank's Box)", "Spirit Communications\n\"It's a device that sweeps up and down the radio band very quickly...so what this does is create a chaotic jumble of voices...a sound matrix that spirit voices can piggyback onto,\" and the user can ask specific questions, \"and it's not uncommon to get direct answers to those questions,\" she said. Some of these responses are the length of a full sentence, and can refer to a questioner by name, refuting the skeptic's claim that what is being picked up is simply the radio signal, she continued.", "Spirit Communications\nSeveral EVP recordings were played from Guiley's investigations, including a haunting whispering voice that said \"I killed them.\" There was also an eerie but amusing rendition of the Twilight Zone show musical theme that emerged out of a technical mishap. Communications like that demonstrate the \"trickster\" element of the paranormal, she noted. In one experiment, she listened in on a conversation between two unknown voices", "Spirit Communications\nOne voice said, \"I thought you were dead,\" and the other replied \"I am!\" It's possible some of the voices might originate in other dimensions, and some of the communications might be coming from alternate versions of ourselves, clustered around the same equipment in a parallel world, she intriguingly posited.", "Spirit Communications\nComet Elenin Update\nAs Comet Elenin made its closest pass to Earth, first hour guest, Richard C. Hoagland revisited his theory (based on various hyperdimensional measurements) that the comet is an artificial object, possibly sent toward us as a kind of time capsule by our ancestors. More here.\nRosemary Ellen Guiley\nvisionaryliving.com\nenterprisemission.com\nRelevant Books:\nTalking to the Dead\nThe Encyclopedia of Vampires, Werewolves, and Other Monsters\nEncyclopedia of the Strange, Mystical, & Unexplained", "Spirit Communications\nDark Mission: The Secret History of NASA\n'Doomsday' Comet Elenin made its closest approach to Earth today, though it was some 22 million miles away. Broken up in August after being blasted in a solar storm, it's now thought to be a stream of debris rather than an intact comet. More at Daily Mail and Space.com.\nWhen Pirates Ruled"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.dacapo-records.dk/en/artists/rosalind-bevan

Rosalind Bevan - Pianist

["Rosalind Bevan - Pianist\nRosalind Bevan was born and grew up in London, where she made her debut at the age of thirteen. She trained at the Royal Academy of Music in London, where she was later engaged as a teacher. In 1971 she moved to Denmark and worked at the Carl Nielsen Academy of Music in Odense, where she was employed until 2003. She was also a lecturer at the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen in 1988-93", "Rosalind Bevan - Pianist\nRosalind Bevan has influenceda whole generation of young pianists, not least in the interpretation of contemporary music. She has given concerts in Europe, the USA, Canada, Russia, India and Japan, and has appeared at international festivals such as Warsaw Autumn. She has premiered many works and worked closely with composers such as Karlheinz Stockhausen, Henryk G\u00f3recki, and , and has recorded several of their works as well as works from the classical repertoire", "Rosalind Bevan - Pianist\nShe has been awarded the Artists\u2019 Prize of the Danish Music Critics, the Victor Schi\u00f8ler Grant and the Tagea Brandt Travelling Grant."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.antiblavers.org/Main/BlaverismeIVCF?from=Main.BlaverismeIValnciaCF

Blaverism and València C.F.

["Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\n\"Non omnibus eadem placent\"\n(No a tots els agraden les mateixes coses)\nPlinius el Jove\nOr\u00edgens hist\u00f2rics\nCasp i Adlert\nLa transici\u00f3\nEls anys 80 i 90\nBlavers d'ara\nBlaverisme i Madrid\nBlaverisme i Esgl\u00e9sia\nViol\u00e8ncia blavera\nBlaverisme i VCF\nBlaverisme i PSOE\nDes de l'exterior\nArgumentacions\nMaterial addicional\nMapa de continguts\n(redirected from Main.BlaverismeIValnciaCF)\n<< | \u00cdndex | >>\nBlaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nVal\u00e8ncia C.F. and Blaverism during the Spanish transition\nThe Yomus", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nSpread of the anti-Catalanist and Blaverist message by Val\u00e8ncia C.F. currently\nViolent events on October 9, 2017 and later expulsion of the Yomus from Mestalla in 2019\nFinal synthesis and hope for the future\nAs we have already pointed out in several sections of the web, Val\u00e8ncia C.F. is today an essential piece in the spread of the Blaverist and anti-Catalanist message in the Valencian Country, as well as (mostly durring the Spanish transition) the Fallas.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAs we mentioned at the beginning of the website, the rivalry between the cities of Val\u00e8ncia and Barcelona is a healthy and natural one between neighbors. Football replied it. However, this relationship, and therefore its anti-Catalan projection, have not always existed", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nFormer members of VCF in the 50's and 60's have repeatedly recalled that Bar\u00e7a was the only foreign team that was applauded, and eagerly, by the \"xotos\" (VCF fans) when they went out into the field; in addition, it is also remembered that between the fans of both teams there was a real brotherhood. Times change, but events turn around much more often than we think with the short glance of the present.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nBut this changed during the Spanish transition, when the Blaverist and antinationalist forces of the Valencian Country saw in Val\u00e8ncia C.F. an important tool for spreading their message. It should also be borne in mind that Val\u00e8ncia C.F. was (and is) the most important sports entity in the Valencian Country. This way, we think that it was in a way logical that this would happen, because the presidents of Val\u00e8ncia C.F", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nhave belonged almost without exception to the Spanish-speaking and pro-Spanish upper class of the city of Val\u00e8ncia, and we have already talked enough about the position that this social class took regarding Valencian nationalism when the Spanish transition began.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThe fact is that, as we say, when the transition began, this football team was used to spread Blaverism in the Valencian society. The presidents of the team began by modifying the shield, originally four-striped with a white fringe (with the name of the club) and then a black one, coinciding with the first kit of Val\u00e8ncia C.F., which was black and white, like the current one", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThey also modified the uniform in order to make it entirely white, imitating that of the Real Madrid, in a show of radical Spanish nationalism.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nWell, as to the debate that was taking place in Valencian society at the end of the 1970s about what the Valencian flag should be, in the Mestalla field there were only Blaverist flags (and Spanish flags to a lesser degree). This has continued to a lesser extent, although now the Blaverist flag no longer has revindicative connotations, because with the help of the violence of the Blaverists that we analyzed and the Socialists giving way to them in the end the blue flag became official", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAnd not only that, the blue flag was subliminally introduced in the minds of the fans of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. by other means. Thus, the second kit of VCF in the years of the Spanish transition consisted of a four-striped shirt and blue pants. After the transition, curiously, there were many changes being made to Val\u00e8ncia C.F.'s second kit. Today, however, there is a popular alternative kit that is very similar to the one we just mentioned but with even more blue: the sleeves of the shirt are also blue", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nFinally, as additional and more detailed information, in the \"Additional material\" section of the website we reproduce an excerpt from the book \"La Pesta Blava\" which explains very well the relationship between Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F. in the 80s.\n2 - The Yomus", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nDuring the Spanish transition there was not yet the system of hooligans that exists now in clubs, which was established basically in the 80's of the XXth century with the beginning of \"fan groups\" in general. In the 80's, football fan associations began to appear in the Spanish state, and each club had its, let's say, more radical one. The most radical ultra group of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. was (and still is, even though it has been abandoned and resuscitated several times in the 2010's and 2020's) the \"Yomus\".", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAnd it is at this point that the infamous \"Yomus\" come into action. This fan club, ultraviolent and with a very bad reputation, is especially dedicated to threatening Valencian fans who take out \"m\u00e0rfegues\", as the Blaverists contemptuously call the four-striped historical Valencian flag.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nBut going back to the Yomus, the fact that this is the most important fan club in Val\u00e8ncia C.F. and the one that makes more noise in the stadium, explains a lot of things. And if we bind this with its far right, fanatically pro-Spanish and anti-Catalan (and ultimately anti-Valencian) character, this has its consequences", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThus, the favorite chant of this fan club is usually \"Puta Bar\u00e7a, Puta Catalunya!\" (sic) [\"Fuck Bar\u00e7a, Fuck Catalonia\"], or also \"Som valencians, mai catalans\" [\"We are Valencians, never Catalans\"]. One can imagine the effect this has on someone who does not know the subject, goes to Mestalla, hears chants like these and repeats them compulsively, seeing that the whole stadium does the same. Certainly, this animosity towards Catalonia would remain in their subconscious.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAnd moreover, this ultra group (with members who, on the other hand, say they are brave, but who go to the Nou Camp and hide as best they can; the Boixos Nois and other radical groups of the F.C. Barcelona have thrashed them from time to time) has been immersed in innumerable controversies, especially if they are related to Valencian nationalists", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nUndoubtedly, the best known (but there have been other ones) is the one related to the assassination of the young nationalist Guillem Agull\u00f3 in 1993 in Montanejos (Alt Millars). It turns out that his killer, Pedro Cuevas (now free by the way) was linked to this group. It already shows many things, but well, you can always think that in every there are \"black sheep\"", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThe worst thing is that people linked to this group, shortly after the murder of this boy, seem to have smeared Mestalla with graffiti that said \"Guillem j\u00f3dete\" [\"Go fuck yourself Guillem\"]. And it is especially significant that, aside from erasing these graffiti, the directives of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. did not take any action in this regard.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nIn addition, this resort to \"mocking\" the murder of this young militant has been recurring over the years. So much so that in the game of the 2004-5 season between Llevant U.E. and Val\u00e8ncia C.F., the ultra group brought out a banner that saif \"Montanejos 93\". This is a direct allusion to this murder, as it referred to the place and year of Guillem's murder.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThis ultra group, moreover, has been surrounded by controversy for its far-right character. Thus, being coach of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. the Dutchman Guus Hiddink, this fan club was put in an enclosure because they took out a swastika, and this coach ordered its immediate retirement to the services of the club.\nIn short, they had problems with another Val\u00e8ncia C.F. supporters club, \"Gol Gran\", which was an explicitly apolitical supporters club, because this supporters club wrote posters in standard Valencian.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nFor the Blaverist people, Val\u00e8ncia C.F. is the most \"Valencian\" club, even only because it is called \"Val\u00e8ncia\". In that sense, it has always been a symbol and mirror of Blaverism. And a victory (or a draw!) against F.C. Barcelona has been interpreted by Blaverists as a great triumph", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nWe remember that after the unfortunate sacrilegious acts that the Blaverists carried out in the city of Val\u00e8ncia on February 4, 1979, as a result of which a mass in Valencian was stopped in the church of the Jesuits, one of the Blaverist agitators who went there said \"today has been a day of victory, also because Val\u00e8ncia has tied in Barcelona\".", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nInterestingly, with the fact that much of Val\u00e8ncia's fans are from the rural parts of the Valencian Country, and perhaps also because Val\u00e8ncia C.F., like all football teams in general, receives official subsidies, on the subject of language, after doing everything in Spanish during the transition, now some things are written in standard Valencian (the stadium signage, the electronic marker and a few other feats)", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nEven the public address system of the Mestalla stadium is in Valencian (and it starts by saying the expression so dear to the Valencian pilota sport of \"Cavallers...\"). And even the Valencia C.F. website is written in standard Valencian (with some exaggerated localisms, however).", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nBlaverist propaganda in Mestalla\nHowever, little attention is paid in general to the club's language standardization. In the attached image, we can see two phenomena together: aggressive propaganda of the Blaverist flag and little linguistic normalization. We can see that the blue stripe of this mosaic is overly disproportionate, occupying half of the flag. And at the same time, it says \"Campe\u00f3\", instead of the normative \"Campi\u00f3\", which in the eyes of the Blaverists of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. sounds too \"Catalan\".", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nReturning to Val\u00e8ncia C.F. and its direct relationship with Blaverism, we will say that Val\u00e8ncia C.F. receives a preferential treatment by all the Valencian Blaverist and pro-Spanish forces. When the PP ruled the Generalitat Valenciana, its presence on Canal 9 (the Valencian Country's old TV channel) was overwhelming, and clearly discriminatory regarding other Valencian teams. One could even say that they had not interest that another club became important.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThus, the 2004-2005 season was scandalous as the referees slowly harmed the U.E. Llevant, or with the fact that Vila-Real C.F. was in a better position than Val\u00e8ncia C.F. was completely overlooked by those responsible for Valencian regional television. And the most scandalous case in terms of preferential treatment by the public authorities towards Val\u00e8ncia C.F. as to other Valencian teams happened in 2005 in the Llevant U.E.-Val\u00e8ncia C.F. game, in the \"Ciutat de Val\u00e8ncia\" Llevant stadium", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nIt turns out that the various police forces forced the \"For\u00e7a Llevant\" supporters not to show any nationalist flags so as not to \"provoke\" the Yomus, who were always escorted by the police. On the other hand, the Yomus did fly all kinds of Blaverist flags, which could also be interpreted as a provocation to the fans of the Llevant U.E., and specially in their own stadium", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAnd finally, they took out the banner of \"Montanejos 93\", which in any case goes beyond the scope of provocation to fall into an absolute lack of respect for the family of Guillem Agull\u00f3.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nLastly, we will highlight an anecdotal fact, but which we consider to be significant enough. It turns out that the president of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. then, Mr. Paco Roig took part in the great Blaverist demonstration of 1997, and he had no qualms about wearing a sticker that read \"No mos fareu catalans\". It is true that perhaps he did it because the Valencian right in general took part in that demonstration, or to please a large part of the Valencian fans, with Blaverist ideology. But this is still significant", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nIt is worth mentioning in defense of this gentleman that years later he rectified this anti-Catalanism a bit, and has appeared repeatedly on TV3 (the main Catalan TV channel) without any problems, apart from being a great friend of the (\"Catalanist\" in the eyes of the Blaverists) writer Ferran Torrent. He was also the introducer of Valencian in the public address system of the stadium and in general of a minimum linguistic normalization in the signage of the stadium", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nHowever, the presence of this top manager of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. in that Blaverist mobilization is still curious. More clearly, the Yomus took part in the Blaverist demonstration in November 2004, which was supported by the Agrupaci\u00f3 de Penyes del Val\u00e8ncia C.F, a grouping of several fan clubs of the team", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nRegarding this last demonstration, it is still curious that many people who took part in it (especially among the few young people who went, because almost all of them were elderly people) were precisely dressed in the T-shirt of the second kit of Val\u00e8ncia C.F., with blue sleeves.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nVal\u00e8ncia C.F., in short, is the preferred team of the Valencian upper class, compared to other more \"working class\" teams, so to speak, such as Llevant U.E. And we have already said many times on this website where the Valencian upper class stands in terms of the language and its national affiliation. On the other hand, the Valencian upper class (from the city of Val\u00e8ncia, to some extent), is very interrelated, and in essence shares a series of common ideals, and one of them is anti-Catalanism", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThis way, even if a person is not externally Blaverist, for example, they may be internally, or may be condescending to Blaverism. And it has been seen in many high-ranking PP officials, such as Fernando Giner and Alejandro Font de Mora. The image that we attach, regarding Val\u00e8ncia C.F., is very illustrative", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nIn this photo we can see the late top leader of anti-Catalanism in the city of Val\u00e8ncia Vicente Gonz\u00e1lez Lizondo (born in Albacete by the way) with the former mayor of Val\u00e8ncia from 1991 to 2015 for the PP Rita Baber\u00e0, flanked by the builder Bautista Soler, father of one of the presidents of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. (Juan Bautista Soler) and the biggest shareholder of the club from 2004 to 2008, all three in a friendly attitude", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThis photo shows, unlike many others, the interrelationship and interaction between Blaverism, the Valencian right and the Valencian upper class, represented respectively by the three characters that appear in this photo, and it gives a clear understanding of the mark left by Blaverists in Val\u00e8ncia C.F.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAnother example of this relationship between the Valencian upper class, Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F. is Enric Esteve's (president of the secessionist organization \"Lo Rat Penat\") appointment in June 2007 as responsible of the sports cities of Val\u00e8ncia C.F., by the then president Juan Bautista Soler.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nFinally, we will say that both \"Las Provincias\" in its anti-Catalanist stage when directed by Mar\u00eda Consuelo Reyna, and later the \"Diario de Valencia\", made exclusive propaganda of this football club, neglecting all other Valencian clubs, and have therefore used it for their own interests. And going back to the connection of this club with the Valencian right and expanding on its use by the Valencian right, in October-November of 2005 we had the resounding proof of it", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nIt turns out that at a Correllengua event at the Camp Nou, a map of the Catalan Countries was displayed. Then the PP government used this to stir up anti-Catalanism, as the Valencian right always does in general when it has problems in order to cover up its misery. Thus, Councilor Esteban Gonz\u00e1lez Pons returned to the old Attardian (remember Emilio Attard?) idea that the \"expansion\" of Catalonia through Val\u00e8ncia was the same as that of the Nazis through Central Europe. So immediately Val\u00e8ncia C.F", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nadhered to these proclamations. And in the next game played at Mestalla, against Sevilla C.F., they played dressed in the second kit, which reproduces the Blaverist flag (with blue on the sleeves and all).", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThe Mestalla stadium is also used by all the Blaverist parties and groups to spread their message and attract followers. Formerly, Uni\u00f3 Valenciana and the ultra-Blaverist party \"Coalici\u00f3n Valenciana\" have used Mestalla's matches to set up stalls and run campaigns (such as collecting signatures)", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nIn fact, regarding the Blaverist website www.elpalleter.com, which depended on the people of Coalici\u00f3n Valenciana in a certain way (from the Fundaci\u00f3 Nou Valencianisme, which is run by the same people who run this party), we can say that this website had a pamphlet print edition as well. This pamphlet was distributed during all the games played at Mestalla for a long time. The Mestalla stadium has also been flooded with stickers from the PJV Blaverists", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nWith all this we can better recap everything we are saying: if they do this, it is because at that stadium they have a favorable environment in order to attract followers.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\n4 - Violent events on October 9, 2017 and later expulsion of the Yomus from Mestalla in 2019\nYomus members assaulting a young Antifascist on Octuber 9, 2017", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThe tradicional demonstration of leftist and nationalist groups that takes place each October 9 in the city of Valencia, ended in 2017 with a lot of violence, whose main perpetrators were members of the \"Yomus\" hooligans of the Valencia C.F. At the end of the march the pancatalan independentist groups Arran and CUP were placed, and the march had to change its itinerary and to be escorted by the police, since they had to endure verbal and even physical attacks from far-right people", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThe riots commenced at the beginning of the march. Arran and CUP sympathizers were surrounded by dozens of people that took part in a demonstration that had not been authorized by the Government Delegation in the Valencian Country against the nationalist march. Riots continued, and some members of the independentist left were hit and received threats from the far-right ones. During this riots, a photographer of the newspaper EL PA\u00cdS was hit by the far-right members", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nSpanish police even stormed the far-right members. Social networks were full of images of this huge riots. Some of the main authors of the aggressions that were made by the Blaverist far-right that 9th October in Valencia were identified. The most savage aggressions were made by Neonazis that belonged to the Yomus hooligans of the Val\u00e8ncia CF", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThe main perpetrators were identified owing to the images that were spread through social networks, digital media and TV channels, but also owing to the collaboration of many citizens, that brought a huge amount of data to the legal teams that take care of this matter", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAmong the aggressors these are the main ones: Vicent Estruch el Alfarras\u00ed, present leader of the Yomus and who comes from that village in the Vall d'Albaida, Juan Manuel Bustos V\u00e1zquez, from Val\u00e8ncia; Rub\u00e9n A\u00f1\u00f3 A\u00f1\u00f3, from Llombai (Ribera Alta); N\u00e9stor Franco Castell\u00f3, from Gand\u00eda (la Safor); V\u00edctor Manuel Calvo, from Sagunt (Camp de Morvedre); and Francisco Jos\u00e9 Sargues Mu\u00f1oz, from Albal (Horta Nord)", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAll of them are linked to the Yomus hooligans, with the exception of the last one, who is a member of the Blaverist party Avant. All of them are accussed and on trial because of these facts.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThese events created a state of opinion against these hooligans, outside and specially inside the Val\u00e8ncia C.F. And therefore the board of directors of the club took the historical decision of forbidding the entrance to the Mestalla field to the members of the Yomus that were older than 35 in September 2019", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nMost of the Yomus are older than 35, and this decision deprived them of their capacity of influence and so they cannot attract and catch new members in Mestalla among young people any more, as they usually did, as we have already explained", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nThere are of course attempts of reviving these hooligans and to make them come back to Mestalla again, but the present board of directors of the club stays firm in this decision, and as we have said, the \"historical\" members of these hooligans grow older and are less and less active.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nWe will end by saying that we do not intend to say that all the fans of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. are Blaverists and anti-Catalans. There are also Valencian nationalists and everything. However, we believe we have shown that one of the greatest propagators of the anti-Catalanist ideology and message today in Valencian society is Val\u00e8ncia C.F. And regarding Val\u00e8ncia C.F", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nfans, and in particular those who go to Mestalla, we can say that they are the members of Valencian society who are most subject to the anti-Catalanist message, which, as can be deduced, will end up taking up a part of them. It is also true that the nationalist fans of Val\u00e8ncia C.F. (as there are, as we have said) generally let themselves go with the \"blue tide\" that floods that club, and are not very demanding of so many things", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nWe will end this section by making an exhortation to these fans, and to the good Valencian fans (who also certainly exist), because they are invited to fight to make Val\u00e8ncia C.F. a team of all Valencians, and above all, respectful of Valencian history and personality.", "Blaverism and Val\u00e8ncia C.F.\nAs an epilogue to this section, we have inserted this link to our brother website, the Rac\u00f3 Catal\u00e0. This link explains quite comprehensively the connection since the Spanish transition between Val\u00e8ncia C.F., far right and Blaverism, with the above mentionned exceptions of sincere, apolitical and in some cases nationalist Val\u00e8ncia C.F. fans, notwithstanding the efforts that have been made by the Neoblaverist sociologist Vicent Flor in order to show Val\u00e8ncia C.F. as a center of Valencianism."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://t7news.com/index.php/2022/03/25/it-is-not-one-man-who-presents-himself-but-the-public-who-give-their-trust-kyrmen/

UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust

["UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nIT IS NOT ONE MAN WHO PRESENTS HIMSELF BUT THE PUBLIC WHO GIVE THEIR TRUST: KYRMEN\nSHILLONG, March 24: The MLA of the United Democratic Party (UDP) from Khliehriat who is also a Minister in the Government, Kyrmen Shylla said that in any election, when there is a fight, one cannot take things lightly as the fight is for the people to witness through actions.", "UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nHe said that the public will judge accordingly what he had done in the last 5 years and what Nehlang Lyngdoh had done in the 10 years that he was the representative of the constituency, and added that he is confident the public as they had given him a chance as a youth with trust and faith, they will give him another chance in the upcoming election, for the people understand that any representative cannot finish all the tasks within 5 years.", "UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nOn the claim made by Nehlang Lyngdoh that he had handed over the task to the youths but they did nothing, Kyrmen Shylla said that this claim is wrong as it is not the handing over of one person but it is the trust of the people on their representative to provide the best service", "UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nHe further stated that it was not the handing over of Nehlang Lyngdoh to him or the former MLA, Justine Dkhar to become the MLA of the constituency, and he expressed hope that the public will not allow for the claim that it is only one person who hands over to someone to become a representative.", "UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nThe Khliehriat MLA further said that the claim made by Nehlang Lyngdoh that there is no development at all in the constituency, perhaps it might be because there are some pending unfinished work from Nehlang Lyngdoh\u2019s end, and he urged that if there is then he should inform him so he can something as an MLA.", "UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nKyrmen Shylla also said that as a representative he has tried to complete many unfinished work, and expressed that perhaps there are a few unfinished work of Nehlang Lyngdoh which he wants to complete which as an MLA he has no knowledge of, and the claim that there is no developmental works in the past 4 years is incorrect, in which he also expressed that there will come a time when he will submit a report to the public on all the works he has done in the past 5 years.", "UDP MLA Kyrmen Shylla: It is not one man who presents himself but the public who give their trust\nPrevious articleTHE MATTER OF PEACE WITH THE HNLC IS COMPLICATED, IF CHANCE PERMITS, DISCUSSION WILL BE INITIATED WITH AMIT SHAH ON THE 29TH: CONRAD\nNext articleALONG WITH THE AIM TO ERADICATE TB, WORLD TUBERCULOSIS DAY OBSERVED IN NONGPOH"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=M_EP00_EEX_R10-NMO_1&f=M

East Coast (PADD 1) Exports to Morocco of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Thousand Barrels)

["East Coast (PADD 1) Exports to Morocco of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Thousand Barrels)\nEast Coast (PADD 1) Exports to Morocco of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products (Thousand Barrels)\n2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\n2012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 205\n2013 4 0 1 1 471 2 12 1 10 0\n2014 2 3 5 15 13 109 9 18 29 7\n2015 0 82 56 1 7 6 3 0 2 0 0\n2016 154 233 414 123 6 6 9 3 196 6 2 3\n2017 213 332 14 80 891 336 167 276 4 9 9\n2018 5 5 9 82 5 5 14 24 146 14 0 0\nEast Coast (PADD 1) Export to Morocco\nEast Coast (PADD 1) Total Crude Oil and Products Exports\nTotal Crude Oil and Products Export to Morocco"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://today.wisc.edu/events/view/130028

Unidentified Exhibition Curated by the WUD Art Committee | UW–Madison Events Calendar

["Unidentified Exhibition Curated by the WUD Art Committee | UW\u2013Madison Events Calendar\nHistory has never been kind to anyone, but the writer. People are excluded and forgotten. Unidentified inspects the University of Wisconsin\u2019s Digital Collections and Wisconsin\u2019s extensive history of scientific contributions and the people who made them. Throughout the archive, a disproportionate amount of men are identified and named, both those who have made discoveries and ordinary scientists, yet women are hardly named", "Unidentified Exhibition Curated by the WUD Art Committee | UW\u2013Madison Events Calendar\nMoreover, all the women found in the archive are white, save for exactly one woman of color. Unidentified is a show curated by the Wisconsin Union Art Committee that highlights the overlooked and under-credited women whose names are lost in the annals of history. This exhibition is not so much a critique on the hardworking individuals who work for the University of Wisconsin\u2019s Digital Collections today", "Unidentified Exhibition Curated by the WUD Art Committee | UW\u2013Madison Events Calendar\nRather, Unidentified investigates and questions the nature of archiving: who records information, who is recorded, and how are they recorded. The Art Committee presents these photos as an active reflection upon who is saved and documented when archival action is taken and as an invitation ask who is considered important or worthy of remembering", "Unidentified Exhibition Curated by the WUD Art Committee | UW\u2013Madison Events Calendar\nIn the gallery, the space between the two columns is dedicated to unnamed women and points towards the systemic anonymity and neglect that occurred when these individuals were cataloged into the archive. WUD Art committee members will update the space regularly with more photos of unidentified women in science from the Digital Archive over the duration of the exhibition. UW Digital Collections can be found at https://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Chatterton

Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica

["Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nThomas Chatterton\nBritish poet\nLast Updated: Mar 6, 2019 See Article History\nThomas Chatterton, (born November 20, 1752, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England\u2014died August 24, 1770, London), chief poet of the 18th-century \u201cGothic\u201d literary revival, England\u2019s youngest writer of mature verse, and precursor of the Romantic Movement.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nAt first considered slow in learning, Chatterton had a tearful childhood, choosing the solitude of an attic and making no progress with his alphabet. One day, seeing his mother tear up as wastepaper one of his father\u2019s old French musical folios, the boy was entranced by its illuminated capital letters, and his intellect began to be engaged", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nHe learned to read far in advance of his age but only from old materials, music folios, a black-letter Bible, and muniments taken by his father from a chest in the Church of St. Mary Redcliffe. At age seven Chatterton entered Colston\u2019s Hospital, but his learning was acquired independently.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nChatterton\u2019s first known poem was a scholarly Miltonic piece, \u201cOn the Last Epiphany,\u201d written when he was 10. About a year later an old parchment he had inscribed with a pastoral eclogue, \u201cElinoure and Juga,\u201d supposedly of the 15th century, deceived its readers, and thereafter what had begun merely as a childish deception became a poetic activity quite separate from Chatterton\u2019s acknowledged writings", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nThese poems were supposedly written by a 15th-century monk of Bristol, Thomas Rowley, a fictitious character created by Chatterton. The name was taken from a civilian\u2019s monument brass at St. John\u2019s Church in Bristol. The poems had many shortcomings both as medieval writings and as poetry. Yet Chatterton threw all his powers into the poems, supposedly written by Rowley, in such a manner as to mark him a poet of genius and an early Romantic pioneer, both in metrics and in feeling.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nIn 1767 Chatterton was apprenticed to a Bristol attorney but spent most of his time on his own writing, which for a while he turned to slight profit in Felix Farley\u2019s Bristol Journal and Town and Country Magazine. The life was irksome to him, however, and pressures began to build up, compounded of a fight for a free press, contempt for Bristol and his dowdy family, a philandering attitude to local girls, and the \u201cdeath\u201d of Rowley.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nChatterton sent James Dodsley, the publisher, letters offering some of Rowley\u2019s manuscripts, but Dodsley ignored him. Horace Walpole received similar offers and at first was enchanted with the \u201cold\u201d poems; but, when advised by friends that the manuscripts were modern, he treated Chatterton with chilly contempt, advising him in a letter to stick to his calling. Chatterton rewarded him with bitter but noble lines", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nBy a mock suicide threat (\u201cThe Last Will and Testament of me, Thomas Chatterton of Bristol\u201d), he forced his employer, John Lambert, to release him from his contract and set out for London to storm the city with satires and pamphlets. A lively burletta (comic opera), The Revenge, brought some money, but the death of a prospective patron quenched Chatterton\u2019s hopes", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nAt this time he wrote the most pathetic of his Rowley poems, \u201cAn Excelente Balade of Charitie.\u201d Though literally starving, Chatterton refused the food of friends and, on the night of August 24, 1770, took arsenic in his Holborn garret and died.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nThe aftermath was fame. The just tributes of many poets came after controversy between the \u201cRowleians\u201d and those who rightly saw Chatterton as the sole author. Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote a monody to him; William Wordsworth saw him as \u201cthe marvelous boy\u201d; Percy Bysshe Shelley gave him a stanza in \u201cAdonais\u201d; John Keats dedicated Endymion: A Poetic Romance to him and was heavily influenced by him; and George Crabbe, Lord Byron, Sir Walter Scott, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti added their praise", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nIn France the Romantics hailed his example, and Alfred de Vigny\u2019s historically inaccurate play Chatterton was the model for an opera by Ruggero Leoncavallo.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nforgery: Instances of literary forgery\n\u2026\u201cThomas Rowley\u201d poems of Thomas Chatterton (1752\u201370), which the youthful author attempted to pass off as the work of a medieval cleric. These poems, which caused a scholarly feud for many years, were influential in the Gothic revival. Chatterton, however, enjoys a place in English letters as a creative genius\u2026\nAlfred-Victor, count de Vigny: Maturity and disillusionment.", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\n\u2026the suicide of the poet Thomas Chatterton; all political regimes inflict on the poet the harshness of \u201cperpetual ostracism.\u201d What then is this evil malaise? Vigny questions himself on the nature of it. He submits Stello to a sort of psychoanalytic examination, as confided to Doctor Noir. After having listened\u2026\nHorace Walpole, 4th earl of Orford", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nHorace Walpole, 4th earl of Orford, English writer, connoisseur, and collector who was famous in his day for his medieval horror tale The Castle of Otranto, which initiated the vogue for Gothic romances. He is remembered today as\u2026\nSamuel Taylor Coleridge, English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher. His Lyrical Ballads, written with William Wordsworth, heralded the English Romantic movement, and his Biographia Literaria (1817) is the most significant work of general literary criticism\u2026", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nWilliam Wordsworth, English poet whose Lyrical Ballads (1798), written with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the English Romantic movement.\u2026\nMore About Thomas Chatterton\n2 references found in Britannica articles\nforgery of \u201cThomas Rowley\u201d poems\nIn forgery: Instances of literary forgery\ninfluence on Vigny\nIn Alfred-Victor, count de Vigny: Maturity and disillusionment.\nSir W.S. Gilbert\nAlfred, Lord Tennyson\ndramatic literature\nOfficial Site of the Thomas Chatterton Society", "Thomas Chatterton | 18th Century British Poet & Prodigy | Britannica\nAustralian Dictionary of Biography - Biography of Thomas Chatterton Hammond\nTATE - Biography of Thomas Chatterton\nPoetry Foundation - Biography of Thomas Chatterton\nThomas Chatterton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)\nWolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer, widely recognized as one of the greatest composers in the\u2026\nWilliam Shakespeare, English poet, dramatist, and actor, often called the English national poet and considered\u2026"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://mic.com/articles/56663/pope-francis-in-brazil-calls-out-drug-liberalization-policies-and-he-has-a-point

Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies — And He Has a Point

["Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nAs a part of his speech, the pope criticized drug liberalization policies, arguing that, \"a reduction in the spread and influence of drug addiction will not be achieved by a liberalization of drug use, as is currently being proposed in various parts of Latin America.\" He proposed that leaders should, instead, \"tackle the problems which are the root of drug abuse, promoting more justice, educating the youth with the values that live in society, standing by those who face hardship and giving them hope for the future.\" The Pope proceeded to call drug dealers \"dealers of death,\" and proclaim that, \"the scourge of drug-trafficking, that favors violence and sows the seeds of suffering and death, requires of society as a whole an act of courage.\"", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nThe Pope&apos;s statement immediately made headlines in Brazil and around the world, and served to reignite the perennial debate over whether drugs should be legalized.", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nIt is a contentious issue. Some argue that drugs should be legalized, pointing to the significant tax revenue that could be generated from regulating drug sales. They also claim that legalizing drugs would deal an important blow to drug cartels, and would end, or at least alleviate, the economic and social costs of the controversial drug war. People who are against legalization are concerned about the potential for an upsurge in drug use. As Joel W", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nHay, professor of pharmaceutical economics and policy at the University of Southern California, puts it, \"We don&apos;t need hundreds of billions of dollars in new medical-care costs, traffic, and other accident costs, reduced worker productivity, and lower educational achievements.\" Such added costs could outweigh any potential benefits of legalizing drugs. I am in favor of a more moderate approach than legalization: decriminalization.", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nConsider the case of Portugal, where drugs have been decriminalized since 2001. While distribution and trafficking of drugs are still considered criminal offenses in the Iberian country, possession and use trials have been moved out of the criminal courts, and into a special court composed of legal experts, psychologists, and social workers. Twelve years later, Portugal boasts one of the lowest drug-use rates in the EU, and has seen a reduction in drug-related diseases and overdoses", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nI admit that attributing these numbers to the policy presents a problem of correlation and causation. But, at the least, Portugal&apos;s example shows that decriminalization of drugs does not lead to a dramatic rise in the number of users. Moreover, it shows that decriminalization can reduce the burden that the prosecution of drug offenses places on the criminal justice system", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nAs Alex Stevens, professor of criminal justice at the University of Kent, states, \"Before, a large number of people were being arrested and punished for drug use alone,\" noting that the Portuguese, \"saved themselves a lot of money and stopped inflicting so much harm on people through the criminal justice system.\"", "Pope Francis In Brazil Calls Out Drug Liberalization Policies \u2014 And He Has a Point\nDecriminalization has the benefits of a more liberal approach to drug policy, and lacks the major costs that might be associated with all-out legalization. The way forward, as the case of Portugal demonstrates, is to erase the criminal label from reasonable recreational drug users. That is how, to use the pope&apos;s words, we can, \"stand by those who face hardship, and give them hope for the future.\"\nBy Jo\u00e3o Nunes"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://medhum.med.nyu.edu/view/1553

Time to Let Go

["Time to Let Go\nMcDaniel, Lurlene\nGenre: Novel for Young Adults\nMcEntyre, Marilyn\nIllness and the Family\nMarital Discord\nDate of entry: Dec-21-1999", "Time to Let Go\nErin Bennett, a high school senior, faces the possibility of missing out on the senior play because of the violent headaches that have afflicted her since her sister's death a year before in a car accident. No physical cause has been found for the headaches, and her parents have insisted that she see a psychotherapist", "Time to Let Go\nErin goes, resentfully at first, and after a few weeks begins to accept the possibility that her continuing pain may have something to do with the stress of unresolved grief which is exacerbated by various trigger events.", "Time to Let Go\nShe is cast in West Side Story opposite David, to whom she takes an instant dislike, though she has the haunting feeling she has seen him before. Attracted to her, he pursues her despite fairly direct rejection, until Erin figures out where she's seen him: she took her sister's place once in clown costume and makeup at a party where he was also a clown.", "Time to Let Go\nDavid, whose little sister is hearing impaired, helps bring Erin to a place of acknowledging the ways in which she is hanging on both to her grief and to unresolved anger at her sister's boyfriend. She also blames herself for the accident, since she asked her sister to take the car on an errand in her place.", "Time to Let Go\nAt a final counseling session, the therapist helps Erin and her parents understand how, in focusing attention on Erin's headaches instead of their own unattended grief, they have become \"stuck\" in a loop of stress and alienation. Going through a trunk of her sister's things, Erin finds a way ritually to say good-bye and joins David at a party with a renewed willingness to choose life and a hope that she can free herself from both blame and pain.", "Time to Let Go\nMcDaniel has written a series of over 20 young adult novels focused on medical issues. She began writing them when her own son was diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. This story lacks density; there is little subplot and only a few characters are fully developed. But McDaniel articulates complex issues in a way that might well help a young person understand some important principles of psychosomatic illness, family systems therapy, projection, and grief work.", "Time to Let Go\nThe central character is believable, and her predicament well-defined. It could be very helpful to a young person recovering from loss of a family member in its clear and strong acknowledgment of the complexity of grief and the ways it can emerge in both physical symptoms and altered family dynamics."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://micat.gov.lr/index.php/home/republic-of-liberia/counties-of-liberia/lofa-county/144-about-county.html

Ministry of Information, Cultural Affairs & Tourism (MICAT)

["Ministry of Information, Cultural Affairs & Tourism (MICAT)\nOverview of Lofa County\nLofa is one of the 15 counties of Liberia. It is located in the northwestern part of the country. The county has six districts and it measures 9982km sq. With a population of 270,114, Lofa is the forth most populated political subdivision of the Republic of Liberia. The Superintendent of the county is George Dunor.\nRead more: ..."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.gowister.com/holyquran-36-0.html

Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran

["Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nYa-Seen (Ya-sin)\nThe Surah takes its name from the two letters of the alphabet with which it begins.\nA study of the style shows that it was either sent down during the last stage of the middle Makkan period, or it is one of those Surahs, which were sent down during the last stage of the Holy Prophet's stay at Makkah.\nSubject Matter and Theme", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nThe object of the discourse is to warn the Quraish of the consequences of not believing in the Prophethood of Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and of resisting and opposing it with tyranny, ridicule and mockery. The aspect of the warning is dominant and conspicuous although along with repeatedly giving the warnings, arguments also have been given for the correct understanding by the people.\nArguments have been given for three things:", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nFor tauhid, from the signs of the universe and from common sense;\nFor the Hereafter, from the signs of the universe, from common sense and from man's own existence itself;\nFor the Prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad, from the fact that he was facing all kinds of hardships in the preaching of his message without any selfish motive, and from this that whatever he was inviting the people to was rational and reasonable, accepting which was in the people's own interest.", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nOn the strength of these arguments, themes of reprobation, reproof and warning have been presented repeatedly in a highly forceful manner, so that hearts are shaken up and those which have any capacity for accepting the truth left in them should not remain unmoved.", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nImam Ahmad, Abu Daud, Nasai, Ibn Majah and Tabarani have related on the authority of Hadrat Ma'qil bin Yasar that the Holy Prophet said: \"Surah Ya Sin is the heart of the Quran.\" This is similar to describing the Surah Al Fatihah as the Umm al Quran (the essence or core of the Quran), because Al Fatihah contains the sum and substance of the teaching of the whole Quran", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nThe Surah Ya Sin has been called the throbbing heart of the Quran because it presents the message of the Quran in a most forceful manner, which breaks the inertness and stirs the spirit of man to action.", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nAgain Imam Ahmad, Aba Da'ud and Ibn Majah have related from the same Ma'qil bin Yasar that the Holy Prophet said: \"Recite Surah Ya Sin to the dying ones among you.\" The object is not only to revive and refresh the whole Islamic creed in the mind of the dying person but also bring before him, in particular, a complete picture of the Hereafter so that he may know what stages he would have to pass through after crossing the stage of this worldly life", "Surah Ya-Seen (Ya-sin) - The Heart of the Quran\nIn view of this, it would be desirable that along with the recitation of the Surah Ya Sin its translation also is made for the benefit of the person who does not know Arabic so that the purpose of the admonition is duly fulfilled."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.bbc.com/news/education-17828729

Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars

["Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nShakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nBy Sean Coughlan\nBBC News education correspondent\nThe Globe re-created in London: Did the original theatre have a double billing with Thomas Middleton?\nAll's Well That Ends Well has another author as well as William Shakespeare, according to research from Oxford University academics.\nThomas Middleton has been revealed as the most likely co-author, according to in-depth analysis of the play's vocabulary, rhyming, style and grammar.", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nProfessor Laurie Maguire says the latest literary research shows groups of writers working together on plays.\n\"The picture that's emerging is of much more collaboration,\" said Prof Maguire.\n\"We need to think of it more as a film studio with teams of writers.\"\n'Two hands'\nThis major study of All's Well That Ends Well says that the most likely and logical explanation for differences in style and inconsistencies in the text is that it is the work of two authors.", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nProf Maguire says that a majority of plays written in this era had more than one writer - but the iconic status of Shakespeare has meant a reluctance to consider his work in this way.\nShe says she is \"very confident\" that there is \"a second hand\" in the authorship of the play.\nThe research by Prof Maguire and Dr Emma Smith, from Oxford University's English faculty, suggests that the playwright Thomas Middleton, a contemporary of Shakespeare's, appears to be the likely candidate.", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nWriters have their own distinctive literary \"fingerprints\" - a kind of stylistic DNA - and a highly-detailed analysis of the language in the play shows \"markers\" strongly linked to Middleton.\nThe rhyming and rhythms of sections of the play, the phrasing, spelling and even individual words suggest the involvement of Thomas Middleton.\nAs an example, the word \"ruttish\" appears in the play, meaning lustful - and its only other usage at that time is in a work by Middleton.", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nThe distinctive way that stage directions are used in places is much closer to Middleton's style than to Shakespeare, says the study.\nThere cannot be any definite conclusion to this kind of literary detective work - and the academics say there could be other candidates such as John Fletcher - but Prof Maguire says there is an \"arresting\" stylistic match with Middleton.\nChangelings", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nThomas Middleton, who lived between 1580 and 1627, was a Londoner, younger than Shakespeare, and Prof Maguire says his more modern grammar can be detected in the text.\nAuthors worked together on plays, say researchers: All's Well That Ends Well adapted in 1981\nMiddleton became a celebrated writer - remembered for works such as The Changeling and Women Beware Women.\nBut Dr Smith says that his collaboration with Shakespeare in about 1607 could be likened to an established musician working with a rising star.", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nThe question of the authorship of Shakespeare's plays has been a continued source of speculation and conspiracy.\nProf Maguire says that there is no serious scholarship which challenges the idea that Shakespeare wrote the plays attributed to him.\nBut she says the latest research suggests a much more collaborative approach to writing plays for the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage.\nDressed for the part: A radio version of All's Well That Ends Well in 1952", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nPlays were written quickly and for a commercial audience - and there were often stables of writers who worked together to produce a play.\nWriters within these teams had specialised roles, she says, such as people who were particularly good at writing plots.\nProf Maguire says the cultural reverence for Shakespeare - so-called \"bardolatry\" - has helped to support the idea of the playwright as a creative genius, producing his works in isolation.", "Shakespeare's 'co-author' named by Oxford scholars\nWhile much of Shakespeare's writing is his work alone, she says that in All's Well That Ends Well there is another writer - so much so that in places one author seems to be handing over to the other.\nThe play itself recognises the mixing and matching of life.\n\"The web of our life is of a mingled yarn, good and ill together.\"\nOr else, as it says later: \"It is like a barber's chair that fits all buttocks.\"\nWorld Shakespeare Festival opens\nCultural commute at new station\nMaori Shakespeare kicks off with haka"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.cp24.com/news/parents-siblings-friends-remembering-the-lives-lost-in-the-toronto-van-attack-1.5955198?cache=yes%3FclipId%3D104069%3FautoPlay%3Dtrue%3FclipId%3D375756%3FclipId%3D89830%3Fot%3DAjaxLayout%3FclipId%3D89950%3FautoPlay%3Dtrue%3Fot%3DA

Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims

["Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nParents, siblings, friends: Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack\nPublished Monday, June 20, 2022 4:23PM EDT\nLast Updated Monday, June 20, 2022 4:23PM EDT\nThe case against a 28-year-old man responsible for Toronto's deadly van attack wrapped up last week when he was sentenced to life in prison.\nHe killed 10 people in April of 2018 and another died from her injuries more than three years later.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nHere's a look at the lives that were lost, based on interviews with family and friends and victim impact statements filed in court.\nBetty Forsyth, 94\nBetty Forsyth was a walking library, family historian and a good friend to birds and squirrels.\nShe was born on July 30, 1923 in Peacehaven, East Sussex in the United Kingdom. She left for Canada in 1968, with nine poodles in tow, and remained a loyal servant to the Queen.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nTragedy befell the family early on. Her father, Charles Speedie Forsyth, was a member of the British army and vanished at sea in 1928, near Gibraltar.\nBut Betty, her quick wit and macabre humour at hand, used her missing father as material for family gatherings.\n\"Was he our real father?\" she'd say loudly. \"Did mom drive him crazy? Did he jump ship?\"\nShe loved the casino, Coronation Street and a good cup of tea. She hated politics, but loved ripping politicians.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nAfter she died, her family and friends brought her back to England.\nShe is buried next to her mother and brother.\nJi Hun Kim, 22\nJi Hun Kim was a 22-year-old student from Korea studying at Seneca College. She was out on the sidewalk of Yonge Street that day she was hit.\nShe was known to her classmates and professors as June. She was often seen with a smile on her face and as \"a force of positivity and happiness.\"\nSohe Chung, 22", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nSohe Chung and her dog, Coco, became roommates with Ra So in 2015. The two young women met on the first day of school at the University of Toronto and instantly became best friends. So said Chung was her platonic soulmate. Chung was funny, mature and a \"human dictionary.\"\n\"She was more than just a best friend, she was sometimes a sister, sometimes a mother, sometimes a teacher,\" So said in her victim impact statement.\nChung worked as a sales associate at Holt Renfrew with Sheena Tan.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\n\"Being in an industry full of jealous and fake people, Sohe stood out like a bright shining light, always kind, gentle and warming anyone with her genuine smile,\" Tan wrote. \"She was a smart, ambitious and respectful girl, with a bright future ahead of her.\"\nAnother colleague, Dianne Sullivan, started a movement she called \"the Sohe effect,\" to keep her traits alive by being kinder, more patient and less critical.\n\"In other words, more loving,\" Sullivan said.\nGeraldine Brady, 83", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nGerry Brady taught her daughter, Janice Kirby, to think the best of people, along with patience and understanding. The pair spoke two-to-three times daily.\nBrady grew up in the area, living with her husband on Hounslow Avenue for over 60 years. She had beautiful white hair and noticeable scars on both legs, her daughter said, where doctors had taken bones to reconstruct her bottom jaw after she got cancer.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nBrady's mother also suffered trauma at the same age, 83. She was brutally beaten and raped in her own home in 1994 and the crime still has not been solved, Kirby wrote in her victim impact statement.\nKirby retraced her mother's steps that day. Brady went to the Bank of Nova Scotia and took out $200. Three birthdays were coming up, including Kirby's, and two of her grandchildren. She had already signed the cards; they only needed money to be slipped in them.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nShe then bought diapers for her great grandson, dropped them in her car and started walking to the Bank of Montreal to pay some bills.\nKirby planned to stop by to see her mom after work that day \u2013 she would usually pop by if she was in the city.\nBrady usually napped around 2 p.m., but wasn't answering her phone. Kirby went to her mother's home and found her car gone. Half a cup of tea sat on the table.\nChul Min \"Eddie\" Kang, 45", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nEddie Kang was with his wife for nearly 20 years, and together they built a life in Canada. The pair came together from Korea. He worked as a cook at Copacabana Brazilian Steakhouse in Toronto.\nHe brought joy to the restaurant with his \"daily happiness,\" bright smile and a passion for cooking.\nHis wife, So Min Kim, wrote in her victim impact statement that she remains lost without her husband.\nAnne Marie D'Amico, 30", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nAnne Marie D'Amico lived with a lighthearted spirit that could make a room come apart with laughter.\nShe got a job as a summer student at Invesco years before and worked there until the day of the attack. D'Amico had just completed a data analytics course and earned 97.5 per cent on the final exam, her mother told court.\nD'Amico was a thrill seeker who skydived in the Swiss Alps, ziplined through the Italian mountains and participated in the famous cheese-rolling race on Cooper's Hill in England.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nShe had a black belt in taekwondo, played softball and hustled, for fun, anyone who thought they could beat her in pool, her family said.\nShe also wrote new lyrics to old songs.\n\"Some of her greatest hits were: 'Lady in Bed' to the tune of 'Lady in Red' after my aunt took a serious fall on black ice and was bedridden,\" said her sister, Frances D'Amico, in court.\nD'Amico's family launched a foundation in her name to help women and children live free from violence.\nMunir Najjar, 85", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nMunir Najjar was born in Salt, Jordan, on Dec. 10, 1932. He spent his school years at the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem until the Palestinian exodus in 1948, when the family moved back to Jordan to finish high school.\nHe went to university in Baghdad and then emigrated to the United States. His career took him to Libya then back to Jordan.\nHe and his wife Lillian were married for 54 years. The pair did everything together: cooking, playing cards, and watching television.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nMunir took care of his wife, bought the groceries, paid the bills and fixed everything around the house in Amman.\nTheir children would both emigrate to Canada. Munir loved taking trips with his family to Montreal, Niagara-on-the-Lake and Niagara Falls.\nIn March 2018, the pair travelled half a world away to spend two months with their kids and grandchildren.\nDeep within Munir lived a hidden child, always curious to learn, his daughter, Haneen, said in court.\nAnd he lived with a \"que sera sera\" attitude.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\n\"He saw beauty in everything around him and he appreciated all the little things that most people take for granted,\" she said.\nHe called his daughter everyday, urging her to explore Canada, a country she moved to just the year before.\n\"Munir was a loving man who believed there was beauty and goodness in everyone and everything,\" his son, Omar, said.\nDorothy Sewell, 80", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nDorothy Sewell enjoyed going for long drives with her best friend and sister Joan Begg. The two would also drive around to look at Christmas lights.\nThey lived for sports, watching the Toronto teams play while on the phone with each other.\n\"We cheered our teams on as if we were at the arenas,\" Begg told court in her victim impact statement.\n\"Our families knew the lines would be busy for the duration of the events.\"", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nSewell never missed a special occasion, always sending greeting cards and attending get-togethers.\nThe sisters spoke on the phone each morning, laying out their days, then reported back later on to let each other know they made it home safely.\nThe pair also had a bucket list. They managed to walk along the outer rim of the CN Tower, but other items remained undone.\n\u201cTime ran out,\u201d Begg said.\nAndrea Bradden, 33\nAndrea Bradden had a smile that \"could light up any room,\" her friends say.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nShe was set to become a godmother the month after the attack to her two-month old nephew, her brother's child. Her sister was pregnant and Bradden would soon be the cool aunt to five nieces and nephews. She spoiled those kids, her sister-in-law Adrian Knafelc wrote in a victim impact statement.\n\"She was the person who gave extra generous gifts, who took time to help plan out parties, make centrepieces, and bring flowers, extra balloons,\" Knafelc said.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nBradden had recently finalized her divorce and had gone on a lunch date as she slowly entered the dating world again.\n\"It pains me that she will never get her second chance at love,\" said her sister-in-law Adriana Knafelc.\nShe loved her dog Jimmy and planned to travel to New York City the following month with her friend, Michele Kellman.\n\"She had so much of her life still ahead of her, perhaps to wed again or have her first child,\" Kellman said.\nRenuka Amarasingha, 45", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nRenuka Amarasingha came to Canada from Sri Lanka in 2010 with her husband in an arranged marriage.\nSoon after she went to a police officer at 43 division in Scarborough looking for help. She was five months pregnant and being abused \u2013 physically and emotionally \u2013 by her husband, said police officer Laura Middleton in a victim impact statement filed with court.\nMiddleton arrested and charged her husband and helped support Amarasingha, who divorced her husband and gave birth to her son, Diyon, in March 2011.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nAmarasingha returned to school until graduating in 2015 while she raised her son by herself, Middleton wrote. She had just landed a job with the Toronto District School Board.\n\"Renuka is one of the bravest women I have ever met,\" Middleton wrote.\nEvery May, Amarasingha would hop on the bus with her boy and trek to the police division's open house to thank everyone who helped her.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\n\"She was an inspiration, and her courage and influence over my own life and career is something I deeply regret not expressing to her more than I did,\" Middleton wrote.\n\"To me, Renuka is the definition of 'hope.'\"\nRenuka's boy filed to court a drawing of him and his mother together under a beaming sun, both smiling.\nAmaresh Tesfamariam, 65\nTesfamariam was born on March 12, 1956, in Ethiopia, the third oldest of four brothers and five sisters.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nShe became an elementary school teacher and in the 1980s moved to Eritrea to be with her parents, who had moved there earlier.\nWhen the Eritrean-Ethiopian war escalated, Tesfamariam left for a new life in Canada. She settled in Montreal, where she lived for nearly a decade.\nShe struggled to find meaningful work in the city, bouncing from job to job, and eventually moved to Toronto in search of new opportunities, her family said.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\nIn 1999, at age 43, Tesfamariam went back to school to become a nurse. After graduation she went to work in a long-term care home in Toronto.\nShe suffered catastrophic injuries in the attack, leaving her paralyzed from the neck down and requiring a ventilator to breathe. Doctors told her family she might only survive a few weeks.\nTesfamariam lived in two hospitals for more than three years.\n\"She never complained, she never cursed,\" her brother, Belay Tesfamariam said from Washington, D.C.", "Remembering the lives lost in the Toronto van attack: A look at the victims\n\"I\u2019m going to go home, it might be in a wheelchair, but I\u2019m going to go home,\" she'd tell her family.\nShe never did. She died of her injuries in October 2021.\nHer family brought her body home to be laid to rest in Asmara, Eritrea.\n'The government will do whatever it takes': Lecce\nWATCH: Premier Ford swallows bee\nIs there a strong desire for teachers to strike?\nFBI seized 'top secret' documents from Trump home, court papers reveal\nCanada's Auger-Aliassime falls to Norway's Ruud at National Bank Open"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=182.020&bid=9174

Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES

["Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\nIf, from returns of the submission of the question, the majority of all the votes cast are in favor of establishing a county library district and for the tax for a free county library, the county governing body shall enter of record a brief recital of the returns and that there has been established \"______ county library district\", and thereafter such \"______ county library district\", shall be considered established; and the tax specified in the notice, subject to the provisions of this section, shall be levied and collected, from year to year.", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\n2. At least once in every month the county collector in each county of the first and second classes, including such counties having a charter form of government, shall pay over to the treasurer of the county library district all moneys received and collected by him to which the district is entitled and take duplicate receipts from the treasurer, one of which he shall file with the secretary of the county library district and the other he shall file in his settlement with the county governing body", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\nThe county collector in the counties of the third and fourth classes shall pay over to the county treasurer at least once in every month all moneys received and collected by him which are due the county library district and shall take duplicate receipts therefor, one of which he shall file in his settlement with the county governing body", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\nThe county treasurer in such counties shall pay over to the treasurer of the county library district, at least once in every month, all moneys so received by him to which the district is entitled. Upon payment he shall take duplicate receipts from the treasurer of the county library district, one of which he shall file with the secretary of the county library district, and the other he shall file in his settlement with the county governing body.", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\n3. The tax may be reconsidered whenever the voters of any county library district shall so determine by a majority vote on such questions after petition, order, and notice of the election and of the purpose thereof, first having been made, filed, and given, as in the case of establishing such county library district", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\nAt least five years must elapse after the county library district has been established and a tax therefor has been levied before a question to reconsider the tax may be submitted under this subsection.", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\n4. Whenever the county library board of trustees finds it appropriate, it may order an election on the question of increasing the tax established pursuant to subsection 2 of section 182.010 or increased pursuant to subsection 5 of section 182.010. Notice of the election shall be published in the same manner as is notice of an election to establish a county library district under section 182.010. The notice and order shall each recite the amount of the proposed increase", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\nShall the ______ per hundred dollars assessed valuation tax for the county library be increased to ______ per hundred dollars assessed valuation?\nIf a majority of votes cast on the question are in favor of the increase, then the increased tax shall be levied and collected in the same manner as the tax was at its previous lower rate.", "Title XI EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES\n5. As used in sections 182.010 to 182.120, the words \"county commission\" or \"county governing body\" shall be construed to mean the proper commission or official in any county operating under a special charter.\n(RSMo 1939 \u00a7 14767, A.L. 1955 p. 547, A.L. 1978 H.B. 971, A.L. 1984 S.B. 423, A.L. 1987 H.B. 179 & 307)\nPrior revision: 1929 \u00a7 13463"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.thedp.com/article/2005/03/exprof_gets_23_months_of_house_arrest

Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest

["Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\n| Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nEx-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nProsecuting attorney calls judgement 'a little light on the retribution'\nBy AUSTIN LAVIN 03/03/05 5:00am\nFormer Neurosurgery professor Tracy McIntosh was sentenced to house arrest yesterday for giving drugs to and sexually assaulting the niece of his close friend -- a crime to which he pleaded no contest in December.", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nThe former director of the Head Injury Research Center will spend 11 and a half to 23 months under house arrest. He was fined $20,000 and ordered to pay another $20,000 for the victim's psychological treatment.\nAssistant District Attorney Gina Smith, who was anticipating a three- to six-year judgment, said, \"I thought that the sentence addressed protective and deterrent needs but was a little light on the retribution.\"", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nIn an emotional hearing in which both the victim and her family testified, Smith presented a previously undisclosed internal memo regarding complaints surrounding McIntosh's behavior while he worked at Penn.\nIn addition to the house arrest and fines, Common Pleas Court Judge Rayford Means forbade McIntosh from taking on future supervisory roles. He will also be subject to a 10-year probation after the end of his house arrest.", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nThe victim -- who was 23 years old at the time -- was on deferred admission to the School of Veterinary Medicine and was visiting McIntosh on campus on the recommendation of her uncle.", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nOn the night of Sept. 6, 2002, McIntosh and the victim went to three local bars, after which they smoked marijuana which he provided and forced her to have sex with him in his campus office. The victim said she felt sick and was unable to resist. Prosecutors contended that McIntosh had drugged her with an animal sedative, but those charges were never proven.", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nA memo presented by the prosecution said there was a history of complaints regarding severe and inappropriate behavior on the part of McIntosh while he was at Penn.\nSeveral of his younger female co-workers had complained to the University regarding his behavior in the lab.\nThe University conducted an internal investigation regarding the woman's allegations but did not confirm her account of the night.", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nMcIntosh went on leave from the University on April 23, 2003, the day before he turned himself in to police.\nAfter McIntosh pleaded no contest to the charges in December, School of Medicine Dean Arthur Rubenstein asked for the professor's resignation, which he submitted. He had not been continuing any research while on leave.\nMcIntosh is considered one of the nation's leading experts on brain injuries and was the vice chairman of the Neurosurgery Department.", "Ex-prof gets 23 months of house arrest\nBefore McIntosh took leave, he was studying possible ways to use stem cells to repair brain injuries.\nAccording to The Associated Press, McIntosh's defense attorney, Thomas Bergstrom, asked that McIntosh be placed on probation and allowed to continue his research.\nMcIntosh, 52, had been a Penn faculty member since 1992 and is the father of two children."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.pcnbritain.org.uk/news/post/francis-criticizes-traditionalist-catholics-who-safeguard-the-ashes-of-the

Pope Francis says tradition is not a container for 'ashes' but 'roots' for growth

["Pope Francis says tradition is not a container for 'ashes' but 'roots' for growth\nFrancis criticizes traditionalist Catholics who 'safeguard the ashes' of the past\nTuesday 4th June 2019\nFrancis singled out Catholic \"fundamentalists,\" who he said have a nostalgia for \"returning to the ashes.\"", "Pope Francis says tradition is not a container for 'ashes' but 'roots' for growth\nJoshua J. McElwee writing in the National Catholic Reporter (USA) reports that Pope Francis answering questions from journalists aboard his flight from Sibiu, Romania, to Rome June 2. criticized traditionalist Catholics who seek to \"safeguard the ashes\" of the past, saying the global church's centuries of tradition are not akin to a container for preserved objects but instead like roots to be drawn on for future growth.", "Pope Francis says tradition is not a container for 'ashes' but 'roots' for growth\nIn a press conference aboard the papal flight back to Rome after his three-day visit to Romania, he singled out Catholic \"fundamentalists,\" who he said have a nostalgia for \"returning to the ashes.\" \"Tradition is the guarantee of the future and not the container of the ashes,\" said Francis.\n\"Tradition is like roots [of a tree], which give us nutrition to grow,\" he explained. \"You will not become like the roots. You will flower, grow, give fruit. And the seeds become roots for other people.\"", "Pope Francis says tradition is not a container for 'ashes' but 'roots' for growth\n\"The tradition of the church is always in movement,\" he said. \"The tradition does not safeguard the ashes.\"\nFrancis did not specify in his remarks whom he had in mind while speaking of Catholic traditionalists. But the pontiff has come under criticism during his six-year papacy from a vocal minority of Catholics, including some cardinals, who have expressed concern that he has not been clear in enunciating some of the church's teachings.", "Pope Francis says tradition is not a container for 'ashes' but 'roots' for growth\nFrancis spoke about the church's tradition after being asked about his relationship with retired Pope Benedict XVI.\nFrancis repeated his frequent characterization that having Benedict live in retirement at the Vatican is for him like having a grandfather at home. Francis said that going to speak with his predecessor always gives him strength. \"I feel the nutrition coming up through the roots, and it helps me go forward,\" said Francis."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/spanishamerican/summary/

Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences

["Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nThe Spanish American War (1898-1901)\nIncreasing Spanish-Cuban Tensions: Late 19th century\nYellow Journalism and the Rise of American Anger: 1895-1897\nThe Maine Explosion: 1898\nUS Goes to War: 1898\nDewey and the Philippines: 1898\nAmerican Imperialism: 1898\nGround War in Cuba: 1898\nTreaty of Paris: August - December 1898\nEffects of the Treaty of Paris: 1899\nPuerto Rico & Cuba After the Treaty of Paris\nKey Terms and Events\nReview Test\nSummary Brief Overview", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nThe immediate origins of the 1898 Spanish-American War began with the Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894. The American tariff, which put restrictions on sugar imports to the United States, severely hurt the economy of Cuba, which was based on producing and selling sugar. In Cuba, then a Spanish colony, angry nationalists known as the insurrectos began a revolt against the ruling Spanish colonial regime", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nWhen Spain sent in General \"Butcher\" Weyler to stabilize the situation in Cuba, he put much of the population in concentration camps. The US, which had many businessmen with investment interests in Cuba, became concerned. The American public was stirred into an anti-Spain frenzy by the yellow journalism of men like Hearst and Pulitzer. Nonetheless, President Grover Cleveland promised he would not go to war.", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nBy the time President McKinley came into office in 1897, the uproar over Cuba was continuing, even though Weyler had left. In 1898, the US dispatched the USS Maine on a \"friendly\" mission to Cuba. The ship was to wait, ready to rescue US citizens who might be endangered by the conflict in Cuba. On February 15, 1898 the Maine mysteriously blew up. The US blamed a Spanish mine. McKinley gave the OK for war, and by April, both the US and Spain had declared war", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nIn order to assure the world that it was fighting only for the good of Cuba and not for colonial gain, the US passed the Teller Amendment, which promised to make Cuba independent after the war was over.", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nOnce declared, the US fought the war on a number of fronts including Cuba itself. Upon the commencement of hostilities, on the orders of Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, Commodore Dewey immediately attacked Manila harbor in the Philippines. On May 1, Dewey destroyed the old, decrepit, and rotting Spanish fleet at Manila, and the US prepared for an invasion of the Philippines. The US also invaded Guam and Puerto Rico, other Spanish island colonies, during the war.", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nUnder the leadership of General William R. Shafter, the US ground effort in Cuba was far from organized. Nonetheless, with heroics from the famous Rough Riders and other units, the war was never in much doubt and the US defeated the Spanish with relatively little difficulty. On December 10, 1898, the Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the war. The US liberated Cuba, and got Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as colonies for itself.", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nAfter the war, the US made improvements in Cuban infrastructure and educational systems, and prepared to leave. But in 1901, before leaving, the US forced the Cubans to insert the Platt Amendment into their constitution, which gave the US a military base on the island (Guantanamo). Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines all became American protectorates, whose people, as the Insular Cases by the Supreme Court found, did not have full rights as American citizens", "Spanish-American War: Causes and Consequences\nSome of the people in these new colonies were understandably upset, since they expected that they would be liberated just as Cuba had. Instead, the US kept the island colonies as coaling stations for its ships. Immediately after being annexed by the US, in January 1899 the Filipinos declared themselves independent, beginning a guerilla war against the US, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. The rebellion lasted over a year, until March of 1901, when the US captured Aguinaldo."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/22/720/

United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)

["United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nJustia \u203a U.S. Law \u203a U.S. Case Law \u203a U.S. Supreme Court \u203a Opinions by Volume \u203a Volume 22 \u203a United States v. Kirkpatrick\nUnited States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nUnited States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 9 Wheat. 720 720 (1824)\nUnited States v. Kirkpatrick\n22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 720", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nA bond, given on 4 December, 1813, for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office, by a collector of direct taxes and internal duties, appointed under the Act of 22 July 1813, ch", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n16, by the President, on the 11th of November 1813, to bold his office until the next session of the Senate, and no longer, and subsequently appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, on 24 January 1814, is to be restricted (as to the liability of the sureties) to the duties and obligations created by the collection acts passed antecedent to the date of the bond.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe second commission issued under the appointment, with the advice and consent of the Senate, operates a revocation of the first commission, issued under the appointment by the President, which was to continue until the end of the next session of the Senate and no longer, and the liability of the sureties in the bond did not extend beyond the duration of the first commission.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIn general, laches is not imputable to the government, and where the laws require quarterly or other periodical accounts and settlements, a mere omission to bring a suit upon the neglect of the officer or agent to account will not discharge his sureties.\nThe case of People v. Jansen, 9 Johns. 232, distinguished, and so far as it conflicts with the present case overruled.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIn general, the debtor has a right to make the appropriation of payments; if he omits it, the creditor may make it, but neither party has a right to make an appropriation after the controversy has arisen.\nIn cases of long and running accounts, where balances are adjusted merely for the purpose of making rests, the law will apply payments to extinguish the debts according to the priority of time.\nPage 22 U. S. 721", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThis was an action of debt commenced by the United States, in the court below against the defendants in error, J. Kirkpatrick and others, as the obligees of a bond given by them to the United States on 4 December, 1813, conditioned for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of the office of collector of direct taxes and internal duties by Samuel M", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nReed, who had been appointed to that office by the President on 11 November, 1813, and, by the terms of his commission, was to hold his office during the pleasure of the President \"and until the end of the next session of the Senate of the United States, and no longer.\" On 24 January, 1814, he was reappointed to the same office by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and by the new commission issued to him, was to hold his office \"during the pleasure of the President of the United States, for the time being.\" The pleadings upon which the cause was tried in the court below were extremely informal and confused, but they resulted substantially in the following questions of law, upon which the judge instructed the jury, and a bill of exceptions was taken.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n1. Whether the liability of the sureties to the bond was limited to the duties and obligations imposed upon the collector by the Act of 22 July, 1813, ch. 16, and other acts relating to the assessment and collection of direct taxes and internal duties, passed antecedent to the execution of the bond, thus excluding the liability for moneys", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\ncollected under subsequent statutes. Upon this point, the court below instructed the jury that the responsibility of the sureties did not extend to the obligations created by the subsequent statutes.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n2. Whether the jury was at liberty to impute laches to the government from the delay of the proper officers to call the collector to account at the periods prescribed by law from the year 1814 to 1818. The court left it to the jury to decide whether, under the circumstances of the case, the government had not waived its resort to the sureties.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n3. Whether the responsibility of the sureties extended beyond the duration of the first commission. Upon this point the court below charged the jury that the responsibility of the sureties extended to the reappointment of the collector under the new commission until his duties and obligations were varied by the statutes enacted subsequent to the date of the bond.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n4. How the payments, which had been made by the collector, were to be appropriated. The balance found due in each account had been carried forward to the succeeding account, and the court was of opinion that the government could not make the appropriation at the time of the trial so as to apply the payments to the extinguishment of debts due subsequent to the time when the sureties ceased to be liable.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nUpon these instructions a verdict was found for the defendants, upon which a judgment was rendered in the court below and the cause was brought by writ of error to this Court.\nUnited States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 9 Wheat. 720 720 (1824) United States v. Kirkpatrick\nERROR TO THE DISTRICT COURT FOR\nTHE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA\nMR. JUSTICE STORY delivered the opinion of the Court.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIn this case, the Court cannot but lament the extreme irregularity and laxity of the pleadings if, indeed, the informal minutes upon the record be entitled in any measure to the appellation of pleadings", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nSome apology is indeed to be found in the asserted inaccurate local practice in the state courts, but it is impossible, without breaking down the best settled principles of law, not to perceive that the very errors in the pleadings are, of themselves, sufficient to justify a reversal of the judgment and an award of a repleader", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe agreement of the parties filed in the case may indeed help the formal defects, but cannot be admitted to dispense with the substance of appropriate pleas, for otherwise it would be difficult to ascertain what was tried or to be tried, and we might as well dispense with the declaration itself as with the subsequent pleadings. It is to be hoped that in future a more correct", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThree errors have been insisted upon by the government as contained in the charge of the court below. The first is that the judge limited the responsibility of the sureties upon the collector's bond to the duties and obligations imposed by the acts of Congress antecedently passed, thus excluding the liability created by the subsequent statutes", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe second is the direction of the judge that the jury was at liberty to impute laches to the government from the delay to call the collector to account at the periods prescribed by law, and the consequent injury to the sureties. The third is the direction that the payments made by the collector might, under the circumstances, be applied to the discharge of the balance due from collections made under the acts which were in force when the bond was given.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nAs to the first point. The collector was appointed, under the Act of 22 July, 1813, ch. 16., for the assessment and collection of direct taxes and internal duties. In the 2d section it provides", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n\"That one collector . . . shall be appointed for each of the said collection districts, . . . and it the appointment of the said collectors, or any of them, shall not be made during the present session, the President of the United States shall be and is hereby empowered to make such appointment during the recess of the Senate by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.\"\nThe 18th section of the same act further provides\n\"That each collector", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n. . shall give bond with one or more good and sufficient sureties . . . in at least double the amount of the taxes assessed in the collection district for which he may be appointed, which bond shall be payable to the United States with condition for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office according to law, and particularly for the due collection and payment of all moneys assessed upon such district.\"", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe condition of this bond principally refers, as will appear on an inspection of the act, to assessments of direct taxes. But the subsequent acts, Act of 24 July, 1813, ch. 21, s. 14., and ch. 24, s. 6, and ch. 25, s. 3 and s. 10, and the Act of 3 August, 1813, ch. 38, s. 2 and s. 5, and ch. 51, s. 13, laying internal duties, contain provisions enlarging the authority of the collector, and the Act of 2 August, 1813, ch", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n55, expressly extends the liability under the bond to the due collection and payment of all moneys accruing from the duties laid by these acts. So that there is no doubt that as to bonds subsequently given, the language of the condition is to receive an interpretation which shall secure the fidelity of the collector under all these acts", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe collector, whose bond is in question, was appointed by the President on 11 November, 1813, and by the terms of his commission he was to hold his office during the pleasure of the President \"and until the end of the next session of the Senate of the United States, and no longer.\" The bond in question was given by the collector and by the defendants, as his sureties, on 4", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nDecember of the same year, and it follows in its terms the requirements of the act of Congress. On 24 January, 1814, the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, reappointed the party collector, &c., and by his new commission he was to hold his office \"during the pleasure of the President of the United States for the time being.\" No new bond was taken under this commission", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nUnder these circumstances, the district judge held that the liability of the sureties was strictly confined to the duties and obligations created by the acts passed antecedent to the date of the bond. And we are of opinion that this is the true construction of the condition of the bond. There is nothing in the original act, under which the appointment was made, which contemplates a permanent and continuing liability for all duties under all laws which might be subsequently passed", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIn its terms, the condition, as expounded by the other parts of the act, had a principal reference to the assessments of direct taxes, and it is extended further in its operation only by the express and positive directions of the Act of 2 August, 1813, ch. 55, s. 1. To this extent, therefore, it may well be of force, but to go beyond it would be to exceed the legislative declaration and create a general where the act had fixed a limited responsibility", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIf the argument on behalf of the government were correct, the provision so solicitously placed in this last act was wholly unnecessary, for the liability would expand with the new duties imposed by every successive act of the legislature. But the act itself", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nfurnishes no ground for such an exposition, and we do not feel ourselves at liberty to give to contracts of this sort further efficacy than the laws and the parties must have had in their contemplation.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThis point, however, becomes of comparatively small importance in the cause if another which has been argued in this connection cannot be maintained. We allude to the question as to the duration and force of the original commission of the collector. Strictly speaking, this question does not arise upon the present record", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nFor although the court below decided that in point of law both commissions constituted but one continuing appointment, the second commission operating only as a confirmation of the first, yet as the verdict was found for the defendants on another ground, and no exception was taken by them, it is not matter of error which can be assigned upon the present occasion", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nBut as it is manifest that the same question must arise upon any subsequent trial if there should be a reversal of the judgment, and will form a most important and, perhaps decisive ground of argument, and as all the parties are desirous of our opinion on this point and it has been fully argued from its bearing on the other points in the cause, and might have been material if our decision on the first point had been different, we have no hesitation in declaring our opinion that the decision of the court below was founded in mistake.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe first commission is, as has been already stated, in conformity to this provision of the act and is by express terms limited to continue to the \"end of the next session of the Senate, and no longer.\" It follows, therefore, both by the enactment of law and the form of the grant, that the first commission must have expired of itself at that period, and as the next session of the Senate ended in April, 1814, that is the utmost extent to which it could reach", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe bond in question was given with express reference to this commission; and its obligatory force was consequently confined to acts done while that commission had a legal continuance, and could not go beyond it. And here would have been the natural termination of the liability. But in the meantime, a new appointment was made by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, and as soon as that was accepted by the collector, it was a virtual superseding and surrender of the former commission", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe two commissions cannot be considered as one continuing appointment without manifest repugnancy. The commissions are not only different in date and given under different authorities and sureties, but they are of different natures. The first is limited in its duration to a specified period; the second is unlimited in duration and during the pleasure of the President", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIf the latter operated merely as a confirmation of the former, then it confirmed its existence only during the original period fixed by the law. But", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nsuch an effect is not pretended, and would be irreconcilable with the terms and intent of the commission. It has been suggested that the practice of the government has been to consider such commissions as one continuing commission. But whatever weight the practice of the government may be entitled to, in cases of doubtful construction, it can have no influence to change the clear language of the law", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIn short, if the nomination to and approval by the Senate was a mere confirmation, and not equivalent to a new appointment, there was no necessity for the second commission, and yet the argument supposes that it could not be dispensed with, for if no commission had been issued, the first, by its own limitation, would have expired.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThen, as to the point of laches, we are of opinion that the charge of the court below, which supposes that laches will discharge the bond, cannot be maintained as law. The general principle is that laches is not imputable to the government, and this maxim is founded not in the notion of extraordinary prerogative, but upon a great public policy", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe government can transact its business only through its agents, and its fiscal operations are so various and its agencies so numerous and scattered that the utmost vigilance would not save the public from the most serious losses if the doctrine of laches can be applied to its transactions. It would in effect work a repeal of all its securities. On the other hand, the mischiefs to the agents and their sureties would be scarcely less tolerable. For if where the laws, as in the", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\npresent instance, require quarterly accounts and settlements, a mere omission to account is to be deemed a breach of the bond for which a suit must be immediately brought upon the peril of loss from imputed laches, the collectors and their sureties would be oppressed with the most expensive and vexatious litigation, and their whole real estate, which by law is subjected to a lien upon the commencement of a suit, would be perpetually embarrassed in its transfers", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThis consideration of public or private inconvenience is not to overrule the settled principles of law, but it is certainly entitled to great weight where a new doctrine is to be promulgated. It is admitted that mere laches, unaccompanied with fraud, forms no discharge of a contract of this nature between private individuals. Such is the clear result of the authorities", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nWhy then should a more rigid principle be applied to the government -- a principle which is at war with the general indulgence allowed to its rights, which are ordinarily protected from the bars arising from length of time and negligence", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\n? It is said that the laws require that settlements should be made at short and stated periods and that the sureties have a right to look to this as their security. But these provisions of the law are created by the government for its own security and protection and to regulate the conduct of its own officers. They are merely directory to such officers, and constitute no part of the contract with the surety", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe surety may place confidence in the agents of the government and rely on their fidelity in office, but he has of this the same means", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nof judgment as the government itself, and the latter does not undertake to guarantee such fidelity. No case has been cited at the bar in support of the doctrine except that of People v. Jansen, 7 Johns. 332. In respect to that case it may be observed that it is distinguishable from the present in some of its leading circumstances. But if it were not, we are not prepared to yield to its authority", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIt is encountered by other authorities which have been cited at the bar and the total silence in the English books in a case of so frequent occurrence affords strong reason to believe that it never has been supposed that laches would be fatal in the case of the government where it would not affect private persons. Without going more at large into this question, we are of opinion that the mere laches of the public officers constitutes no ground of discharge in the present case.", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nThe last ground respects the manner in which the court below laid down the law respecting the appropriation of payments. In our opinion there is no error in the charge on this point. The general doctrine is that the debtor has a right, if he pleases, to make the appropriation of payments; if he omits it, the creditor may make it; if both omit it, the law will apply the payments according to its own notions of justice", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nIt is certainly too late for either party to claim a right to make an appropriation after the controversy has arisen, and a fortiori at the time of the trial. In cases like the present of long and running accounts where debits and credits are perpetually occurring", "United States v. Kirkpatrick, 22 U.S. 720 (1824)\nand no balances are otherwise adjusted than for the mere purpose of making rests, we are of opinion that payments ought to be applied to extinguish the debts according to the priority of time, so that the credits are to be deemed payments pro tanto of the debts antecedently due.\nUpon the whole, it is the opinion of the Court that for the error of the district court on the question of laches, the judgment ought to be"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.goarch.org/chapel/lectionary?type=ot&code=101&event=930&field=ORTHROSOT&date=3/27/2018

Old Testament Reading for March 27, 2018

["Old Testament Reading for March 27, 2018\nThus says the LORD: \"I will give you as a light to the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.\" Thus says the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel and his Holy One, to one deeply despised, abhorred by the nations, the servant of rulers: \"Kings shall see and arise; princes, and they shall prostrate themselves; because of the LORD, who is faithful, the Holy One of Israel, who has chosen you.\" Thus says the LORD: \"In a time of favor I have answered you, in a day of salvation I have helped you; I have kept you and given you as a covenant to the people, to establish the land, to apportion the desolate heritages; saying to the prisoners, 'Come forth,' to those who are in darkness, 'Appear.' They shall feed along the ways, on all bare heights shall be their pasture; they shall not hunger or thirst, neither scorching wind nor sun shall smite them, for he who has pity on them will lead them, and by springs of water will guide them.", "Old Testament Reading for March 27, 2018\nIcon \u00a9 Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America\nThe English Gospel text used is from \"The Holy and Sacred Gospel\", and the English text of the Acts of the Apostles and Epistles is used from \"The Apostolos\", both by Holy Cross Press, Brookline, MA. The English Old Testament text is taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible.", "Old Testament Reading for March 27, 2018\nThe Revised Standard Version of the Bible is copyrighted 1946, 1952, 1971, and 1973 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and used by permission.\nAdditional Readings for March 27, 2018\nOld Testament Reading \u2013 Genesis 31:3-16\nThen the LORD said to Jacob, \"Return to the land of your fathers and to your kindred, and I will be with\nOld Testament Reading \u2013 Proverbs 21:3-21"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://www.writersofwrongs.com/search/label/Williamsburg

Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected

["Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nShowing posts with label Williamsburg. Show all posts\nTwo killed at Castellammarese colony in Brooklyn\nTwo men were shot to death at a Williamsburg, Brooklyn, street corner late Sunday afternoon, November 11, 1917. Authorities surmised that the double-killing stemmed from a Mafia feud.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe victims were residents of the neighborhood, largely a Sicilian colony populated by immigrants from Castellammare del Golfo: Antonino Mazzara, thirty, lived at 230 North Fifth Street, and Antonino DiBenedetto, forty-three, lived at 343 Metropolitan Avenue.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nWitnesses saw the two men at about five-thirty that afternoon, speaking with two others on North Fifth Street just northwest of the intersection with Roebling Street. As two teenage girls walked by, they overheard an argument. They recalled that one of the men threatened, \"If you don't tell us, we will kill you.\"", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nMoments later, there were gunshots. New York Police Detective James Kenny, walking home at the end of his workday, was on Roebling Street approaching North Fifth when he heard four rapid shots, a pause and then three more shots. As Kenny reached the corner, he saw two men on the ground and two others, with guns in their hands, running northwest in the direction of Driggs Avenue. He ran after the gunmen.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nOne fled through the hallway of a building and got away. Kenny caught up with the other at Driggs Avenue. He overpowered and disarmed the man, using a choke hold and an arm twisting move to bring him to his knees and cause him to drop his firearm. The gunman was later identified as Antonio Massino, twenty-seven, of 165 East 112th Street in Manhattan. Massino's firearm was a magazine-fed pistol. Reports indicated that its magazine was empty.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe sound of the shots brought hundreds of area residents onto the street and caused police officers Wagner, Clancey and Reilly of the Bedford Avenue Station to rush to the scene. Acting Police Captain James Green sent in reserves to disperse the crowd. An ambulance was summoned. Mazzara, shot through the heart, was already dead when it arrived. DiBenedetto, shot above the heart and in the neck, survived just a bit longer", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nHe succumbed to his wounds within minutes of his arrival at Eastern District Hospital, then located about a half mile away on South Third Street.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nPolice Captain Daniel Carey and a number of detectives came out to search the area. In a vacant lot near the intersection of North Fifth Street and Driggs Avenue, beside a school construction site, they found two loaded shotguns and an empty guitar case. They concluded that the guns had been brought to the location in the case. But only geography linked the guns to the killings of Mazzara and DiBenedetto.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nManhattan police officials were notified of the murders and of the arrest of Massino. Manhattan Detective Marci was put on watch at Massino's building on 112th Street, in case his accomplice showed up. At about 2:30 the next morning, the detective observed a man approaching the building cautiously, looking up and down the street, and then dashing for the entrance. Marci placed the man under arrest", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe suspect, identified as Giuseppe Martinnico, thirty-three, of 90 Main Street in Jersey City, New Jersey, was found to be in possession of a handgun very similar to the one found on Massino.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe two girls who witnessed the argument before the shooting were unable to identify the suspects. Police brought Antonino Mazzara's brother Joseph to the Bedford Station to look over the suspects. Joseph said he did not remember ever seeing the men before. Massino offered a weak explanation for running from a murder scene with a gun in his hand. He had armed himself after recently receiving two threatening letters, and drew the firearm to protect himself after hearing shots fired.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAntonino DiBenedetto, New York City Extracted Death Index, certificate no. 21982, Nov. 11, 1917.\nAntonio Mazzara, New York City Extracted Death Index, certificate no. 21983, Nov. 11, 1917.\n\"Double murder due to feud, police say,\" Brooklyn Standard Union, Nov. 12, 1917, p. 4.\n\"Two die in street after seven shots,\" New York Herald, Nov. 12, 1917, p. 14.\n\"Two killed in street battle,\" Brooklyn Citizen, Nov. 12, 1917, p. 2.\n\"Two men are held on homicide charge,\" Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Nov. 12, 1917, p. 4.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nLabels: Brooklyn, Castellammare, DiBenedetto, Eastern DIstrict Hospital, Mafia, Martinico, Massino, Mazzara, North Fifth Street. Driggs Avenue, November 11, Roebling Street, Thomas Hunt, Williamsburg\nSurvived enemies, killed by friend\nNY Evening World\nIn the early morning of December 26, 1920, gangland legend \"Monk\" Eastman was shot to death near Union Square in Manhattan. It was an abrupt end to a day of holiday merry-making as well as to a decades-long criminal career.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\n\"Monk\" Eastman had spent Christmas evening celebrating with some friends at the Court Cafe at Driggs Avenue and Broadway at the Brooklyn end of the Williamsburg Bridge. Though Prohibition was in effect, bootleg booze was readily available, and the forty-seven-year-old gangster and his associates drank large quantities of the stuff.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAround midnight, the Court Cafe quieted down, and the Eastman party decided to move on into Manhattan to continue the jolly time. The group piled into a car, and Monk directed the driver, twenty-six-year-old William J. Simermeyer, to the Blue Bird Cabaret, 62 East Fourteenth Street. Eastman was a frequent visitor at the Blue Bird and was friendly with its management and staff.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAfter several hours of singing and heavy drinking, Eastman and friends left the Blue Bird at about four o'clock in the morning and walked a short distance east on Fourteenth Street to the corner of Fourth Avenue. Several gunshots were fired. The group quickly disbanded, leaving a collapsed Eastman dying on the curb.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nSidney Levine, master of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit subway station at Fourteenth Street, heard the gunshots and rushed upstairs to the street. He saw a body by the roadside and found a still-hot .32-caliber revolver on the station stairs.\nNY Tribune", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nPatrons and employees from cafes in the neighborhood and taxidrivers who were parked nearby all rushed to the shooting victim. None apparently recognized him. When the sound of a heartbeat was noted, driver Peter Bailey loaded the victim into his taxi and sped off to St. Vincent's Hospital. Eastman did not survive the trip.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nStill unrecognized, his \"gorilla-like\" remains were moved to the morgue of the Mercer Street Police Station. Lieutenant William Funston, serving as acting captain in command of the district's detectives, took personal charge of the investigation. Detectives John Bottie and Joseph Gilinson were assigned to the case.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nIt was about six o'clock when the two veteran detectives had a look at the victim and instantly identified him as former Lower East Side crime czar Monk Eastman. Their identification was confirmed through police fingerprint records.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nEvidence indicated that Eastman had extended his arms and hands in a vain effort to shield himself from the gunshots that took his life. There were wounds to both his forearms and to his left hand. Shots were fired at close range, as powder burns were evident on his overcoat. One slug entered at the left center of Eastman's chest. Chief Medical Examiner Charles Norris confirmed on December 27 that it was the cause of death, having pierced Monk's heart", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nNo weapons were found on Eastman. Investigators did find $144, a heavy watch and chain and two pairs of gold eyeglasses, indicating that Monk's killer did not intend to rob him.\nPress speculation", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAssistant District Attorney John R. Hennis, chief of the D.A.'s homicide bureau, became the public spokesman for the investigation. It was a challenging role, as there seemed no limit to speculation by the New York press", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nIn just the first two days following Eastman's murder, newspapers had suggested that it was the result of a disagreement with a bootlegging or narcotics trafficking partner, that it was related to a love affair, that it was an act of vengeance by an old rival and that it was an underworld penalty for cooperating with authorities.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThere was some support for each of those possibilities. Investigators in Brooklyn were certain that Eastman was engaged in bootlegging and narcotics distribution, though he had sworn off such activities following his heroic return from service in the Great War. For a time, he made an effort to stay away from gangs and rackets. He worked in an automobile accessories store and tried managing his own pet shop (he had great affection for birds and other pets and had run a pet store many years earlier)", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nBut the old life drew him back in. In recent months, police had been following him into Manhattan in the hope of identifying a narcotics supplier.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe romantic angle related to the discovery of a Christmas card signed \"Lottie\" that was found in Eastman's pockets. Some Eastman friends reported that he had been married years earlier. His wife had not been seen for some time, and one report explained that she died. Authorities doubted that Monk would have jeopardized his life for love, as he seemed never to place a great deal of value in the company of a woman.\nNY Herald", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAs far as enemies and rivals were concerned, Eastman had made plenty since his days as street gang warrior, strike-breaker and Tammany Hall-hired political \"slugger,\" but he outlived many of them. \"Eat-'em-up Jack\" McManus had his skull crushed back in 1905. Bullets took out Max \"Kid Twist\" Zwerbach in 1908, \"Big Jack\" Zelig in 1912, Jack Pioggi in 1914 and \"Johnny Spanish\" Weyler in 1919. A number of the old brawlers were still around but were giving way to a new generation of Prohibition Era gangsters.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe notion that a lifelong underworld figure like Monk Eastman might be cooperating with police seemed outrageous. However, on the day after Eastman's murder, authorities revealed that Eastman had been holding meetings with narcotics investigators. Acting Captain Daniel Carey, commander of detectives in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, went to Eastman's room, 801 Driggs Avenue, in the middle of December and again just before Christmas to discuss an investigation of a drug ring. Dr", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nCarleton Simon, deputy police commissioner in charge of the narcotics squad, and squad Detective Barney Boylan had also met with Eastman during the month of December. When questioned about the meetings, the police did not deny that Eastman helped to expose an opium ring.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nKilled by a friend\nSpeaking with reporters on December 28, Hennis refused to address the press assumptions. He revealed a belief that Eastman was killed not by an old enemy but by a longtime friend. He refused to identify the suspect, who was not yet in custody.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nHennis explained that, after Eastman and a half dozen partiers left the Blue Bird, they met an old acquaintance. Eastman spoke to the man briefly before the man fired the shots that took Eastman's life. After that, the remaining partiers all scattered.\n\"We cannot tell whether Monk was double-crossed [by the friends he was with],\" Hennis explained, \"but we do know that the man who shot him was known to all the rest. He is a well known character, although not so famous as Monk.\"", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nA later announcement described the suspect as \"not a gangster\" but a man who was on intimate terms with criminals in the Union Square area.\nOn December 30, news reports indicated that the identity of Eastman's killer was learned through the questioning of driver William J. Simermeyer and Eastman friend Sylvester Hamilton, both of Brooklyn. The men were each held in $10,000 bail as material witnesses.\nBurial with military honors", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nMonk Eastman was buried with military honors on December 30, 1920. The funeral was arranged and financed by friends who had served with Eastman in the World War I American Expeditionary Force and could not bear to see him interred in a potter's field.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nInfamous for his brutality on the streets of New York City, Eastman earned the respect of his fellow servicemen during the war. He volunteered for military service in October 1917, after emerging from a term in Sing Sing Prison. He enlisted in the 47th Regiment, New York National Guard, under the name of William Delaney. A short time later, part of the 47th, including Eastman/Delaney, was joined with the 106th United States Infantry and sent overseas to fight in France.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nEastman and the 106th participated in the advance along Vierstraat Ridge in Belgium in the late summer of 1918. During that battle, Eastman rescued a fallen comrade, braving enemy fire and suffering two bullet wounds. Following that act of heroism, he was sent to the hospital to recover.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nJust three days later, he reportedly left the hospital, without orders and without his uniform, to rejoin his old unit at the front. Wearing hospital pajamas, it is said that Eastman single-handedly slithered through mud to a German machine gun nest and succeeded in taking the position from the enemy.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nEastman's courageous service so rehabilitated his image that Colonel Franklin W. Ward, commander of the 106th Infantry, and First Lieutenant Joseph A. Kerrigan went to New York State Governor Alfred E. Smith to plead that the former gangster's state citizenship, lost due to his felony convictions, be fully reinstated. Governor Smith agreed to the request on May 8, 1919.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nOn the day of Eastman's funeral, thousands came out to Mrs. Samuel Yannaco's small undertaking establishment, 348 Metropolitan Avenue, to pay their respects. Eastman's body was was dressed in his military uniform, adorned with the American Legion wounded men's button. On his left shoulder was an insignia for his military unit. His sleeves showed three service stripes and two wound stripes.\nA silver plate on the coffin was inscribed, \"Edward Eastman. Our lost pal. Gone but not forgotten.\"", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAt a funeral service, Rev. James H. Lockwood expressed regret at never having gotten to know Eastman: \"It is not my province to judge this man's life. His Creator will pass judgment; He possesses all the particulars and is competent to judge any soul. It may startle you to hear me say I wish I had known this man in life. We may have been reciprocally helpful", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nIt has been said there is so much bad in the best of us, so much good in the worst of us, that it does not become any of us to think harshly of the rest of us. That is one way of saying 'let him that is without sin cast the first stone.'\"", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nThe American Legion provided a military escort for the coffin to its gravesite in Cypress Hills Cemetery. Taps was played, and a final military salute was fired.\nDrunken quarrel with a Prohibition agent\nThe press learned the identity of the murder suspect and published it on the final day of 1920.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nJeremiah Bohan, a Brooklyn businessman and longtime pal of Eastman, was believed to have been part of the group of holiday revelers who accompanied Eastman from the Court Cafe to the Blue Bird Cabaret on Christmas night. Police had not found Bohan at his home or his work or any of his usual haunts since Monk was shot to death.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAn interesting wrinkle in the story was provided by Bohan's appointment several months earlier as a local inspector working under State Prohibition Director Charles R. O'Connor. With Bohan's job responsibilities - ensuring compliance with the national law against the production, transportation and sale of alcohol - came a license to carry a firearm.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAuthorities revealed that Bohan had a police record. He had been arrested several years earlier in connection with the killing of \"Joe the Bear\" Faulkner in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. He was exonerated by a coroner's jury.\nBohan had worked as a stevedore and as a retail liquor merchant before being assigned to Prohibition enforcement duties. (The assignment was the result of a recommendation by a Brooklyn political leader unnamed in the newspaper reports.)", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nOn January 3, 1921, Bohan surrendered to Acting Captain Daniel Carey in Williamsburg and confessed to shooting Monk Eastman. According to Bohan's statement, he shot Eastman in self-defense during a drunken quarrel.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nInvestigators found Bohan's description of the quarrel less than believable. He said that the two men argued about whether to leave an especially large Christmas tip for Blue Bird waiter John Bradley. Eastman wanted all in his party to contribute to the tip for Bradley, who was his personal friend. Bohan claimed that Eastman became upset when Bohan objected to contributing. According to Bohan, the idea was objectionable because Bradley wasn't even waiting on the Eastman party's table.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nBohan said he left the establishment with Eastman and the rest of the group following closely behind. At the corner of Fourth Avenue and Fourteenth Street, Eastman grabbed him by the shoulder, spun him around and snarled, \"Jerry, you've become a rat since you got that Prohibition job.\" Bohan said he saw Eastman reach for his overcoat pocket and feared he was getting a handgun. Bohan drew his own revolver, fired several times and fled, tossing the revolver into the subway entrance as he left.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nDespite their years of friendship, Bohan said he felt certain that Monk was about to kill him. \"I knew what his methods were,\" he said, \"and he had his friends with him, and I thought he was going to start something which would end in my being killed. So I drew my revolver and shot him and made my getaway.\"", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nAs incredible as it was, Bohan stuck to his story. When the matter came up for trial about a year later, on December 22, 1921, he pleaded guilty to first-degree manslaughter. Judge Thomas Crain of General Sessions Court sentenced him to between three and ten years in Sing Sing Prison. He served just seventeen months in prison before he was paroled.\nAsbury, Herbert, The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld, Garden City NY: Garden City Publishers, 1928.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nHanson, Neil, Monk Eastman: The Gangster Who Became A War Hero, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.\n\"'Monk' Eastman rewarded,\" New York Times, May 9, 1919, p. 24.\n\"Monk Eastman, noted gangster, slain in street,\" New York Herald, Dec. 26, 1920, p. 1.\n\"Eastman slain in feud over bootleg,\" New York Evening World, Dec. 27, 1920, p. 1.\n\"'Monk' Eastman, gang leader and war hero, slain by rival gunmen,\" New York Tribune, Dec. 27, 1920, p. 1.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\n\"Monk Eastman's murder is laid to squealing on ring,\" New York Herald, Dec. 28, 1920, p. 2.\n\"Eastman's slayer sought in his gang,\" New York Times, Dec. 28, 1920, p. 2.\n\"Expect to arrest 'Monk' Eastman's murderer to-day,\" New York Evening World, Dec. 28, 1920, p. 2.\n\"Eastman met death as drug ring squealer,\" New York Tribune, Dec. 28, 1920, p. 1.\n\"Monk Eastman's slayer identified as one of his gang,\" New York Herald, Dec. 29, 1920, p. 2.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\n\"Military funeral for Eastman as police seek nine,\" New York Evening World, Dec. 29, 1920, p. 12.\n\"'Monk' Eastman buried as hero beside his mother,\" New York Tribune, Dec. 31, 1920, p. 6.\n\"Chauffeurs name Eastman's slayer,\" New York Herald, Dec. 31, 1920, p. 2.\n\"Search in vain for 'Monk' Eastman's slayer,\" New York Evening World, Dec. 31, 1920, p. 2.\n\"Seek dry agent as missing link in Eastman case,\" New York Tribune, Jan. 1, 1920, p. 3.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\n\"Dry agent sought to clear murder of Monk Eastman,\" New York Herald, Jan. 1, 1921, p. 16.\n\"Prohibition agent admits killing Monk Eastman after row, police say,\" New York Evening World, Jan. 3, 1921, p. 1.\n\"Dry agent admits he slew Eastman in drunken fight,\" New York Herald, Jan. 4, 1921, p. 20.\n\"Monk Eastman slayer gets 3 to 10 years,\" New York Herald, Dec. 23, 1921, p. 3.", "Double Killing in Williamsburg; Mafia Feud Suspected\nLabels: 1920, Bohan, Brooklyn, December 26, Monk Eastman, Murder, New York City, Prohibition, Thomas Hunt, Union Square, Williamsburg, World War I"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://libcom.org/article/1991-kurdish-uprising

1991: The Kurdish Uprising

["1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n1991: The Kurdish uprising\nKurdish rebels, 1991\nThe following is an account of the uprising in Kurdistan in 1991, which buries the lies of the western media which presented this proletarian uprising as the work of nationalist parties in the north or Shi'ite religious fanatics in the south.\nSubmitted by Mike Harman on July 22, 2007\nTHE KURDISH UPRISING\nKURDISTAN'S NATIONALIST SHOP FRONT\nAND ITS NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE BAATHIST/FASCIST REGIME\n(Plus an account of the Workers Councils)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(Note: text is as in original pamphlet; a few pictures and accompanying captions have been removed)\nThe following is an account of the uprising in Kurdistan in 1991 together with an historical critique of the Kurdish nationalist parties. It buries the lies of the western media which presented this proletarian uprising as the work of nationalist parties in the north or Shi'ite religious fanatics in the south.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe great popular uprising of the exploited of Iraq in March this year threatened the aims and interests of both contending sides in the Gulf war. From Kurdistan to southern Iraq the poor rose up against the Baathist/Fascist regime and against the consequences of the war created by both this regime and the coalition allies", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe allied coalition of western capital - particularly Bush, who was worried about extending the war into another Vietnam scenario - stopped the war in order to allow Saddam to crush this uprising. Essentially, they didn't want a successful uprising because it would be an inspiration throughout the Arab world - and probably elsewhere", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Saudi government was especially worried about this as the Iraqi uprising - in the form of placard carrying demonstrations - had already begun before the ground war got underway", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThese demonstrations on the whole condemned both sides, although in some pro-western sympathies were expressed - for example, a demo with photos of Bush held aloft: this didn't mean that the demonstrators were for Bush like that, merely that their hatred was so intense that they were prepared to use anything and anybody to express that hatred. Sadly, though the vast majority were not pro-Bush, many had illusions in being 'saved' by the West.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSaddam was prepared to give in to all the coalition's conditions in order to crush the uprising and stay in power. His fascist regime was taking revenge on the uprising for losing the war. That's why, in a very barbaric way, he attacked the very soul of the uprising from Basra, Dewania, Kabala and Najaf to the' Kurdish cities of Kirkuk, Sulliemania and Hawlir. Like a butcher's shop they had on display the carcasses of Turks, Arabs, Assyrians and Kurds", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe very barbarism of the regime's army and police, and the nightmare of another Halabja [2] was enough to drive 3 million rebellious (mainly poor) people into the mountains, all the while being targeted by helicopter gunship towards the disease, starvation, cold, misery and death of the Kurdish mountains in the north and to the parched deserts of the south", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn the mountains they went right up to and over the Turkish/Iranian border, thus threatening the stability of national frontiers enough to bring in the Turkish and Iranian army and police. We all witnessed the inhuman treatment meted out by, in particular, the Turkish armed militias. They treated Kurds like enemies. On the other hand, we saw hundreds of thousands of Iranians - not all of them Kurds - generously giving as much help as they could", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSo much so that it nearly became a threat to the internal stability of Iran [3] and Turkey. There was Kurdish unrest in the Kurdish part of Turkey and there were demonstrations in the city of Diyarbakir and other large towns m Turkey. Indeed, some Kurdish towns in Turkey were bombed by the RAF and USAF during the war", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOne must also remember that a lot of Kurdish workers were involved in the Turkish rolling General Strike which took place during the war build-up and which certainly had a big impact on the strong anti-war movement within Turkey.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe refusal of several millions to submit to the regime preferring to choose the terrible mountainous terrain brought the Kurdish question to world attention via the TV, the newspapers and the U.N. But the allied coalition was to deal with the in the same way as they deal with the mass starvation in Africa", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nTheir solution is to send in the \"too little too late\" charities (with food parcels which are surplus to the western economies) at the same time as they send in their armies to further their interests and maintain some of their control over the situation.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Kurdistan nationalist shop front is a continuation of the reactionary social and political relations left behind from a feudal, tribal system (landowners etc.) and a more recent, weak, small-time bourgeoisie. Their wheeler-dealing with the central government in Baghdad in the name of the rights of the Kurdish people has always turned against the interests of the majority of Kurds", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere is no doubt that there is a direct relation between this form of negotiation and a recognition of their mutual class interests. As much as they call themselves representatives of Iraqis and Kurds, both are criminally responsible throughout their history for the past and present situation of the people of Iraq and Kurdistan.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nDuring the Iran/Iraq war, when the Americans were taking the side of the Iraqi army -which had the upper hand, the Iranian government tried to open up a new front. At that time the Kurdistan Nationalist Front had an agreement with Khomeini and his Iranian government, who'd promised them some kind of Kurdish autonomy. Together they planned to \"liberate\" Halabja, a town of 100,000 people which was about 36 kilometers from the Iranian border. With that in mind, they occupied it", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Iraqi army was weak in the Halabja region and basically only in situ to keep the Kurds down, its offensive might concentrated in the middle and south of Iraq. In order to insure the success of the occupation of Halabja, the Iranians attacked army bases with rockets, but many missed and killed civilians in the town. People there were, in any case, very cautious about the occupation and now, after the poorly-aimed rockets, tried to leave", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut the peshmergas kept people in, only allowing out those who could pay them loads of money. The town itself was pretty rebellious, full of army deserters and recently there had been demos condemning both sides in the war. So on March 17th, 1988, in order to crush the occupation and Halabja's rebellious inhabitants, the Iraqi regime bombarded the town with chemical weapons (cyanide and mustard nerve gas, manufactured in the West, especially by the German company A.G.Farben, and sold to Saddam)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThousands died instantly and among the casualties were workers, students, children and conscripts. The final death toll was well over 5000. It was the most serious incident of the war and was a factor in bringing it to an end a few months later. That, together with a general stalemate in which both sides saw that there was no economic advantage they could gain from it", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIncreasingly, Iraq's position had weakened, with Iran on the offensive, although, to counteract this the Americans had given more weaponry to Iraq. The war which cost a million lives devastated the economies of both countries.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter the genocide in Halabja many locals became refugees in the Iranian mountains, where they were treated quite badly in camps. Consequently many returned to Iraq, although not to the Halabja region. But further punishment was in the offing: because of the stigma of Halabja, many workers couldn't get jobs and students couldn't return to college etc. There were suicides and some former residents were left to starve in prison camps", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Nationalists' popularity in Kurdistan, already scarce, vanished completely - because they'd been a part of this equation which had resulted in genocide. Moreover, aflsr the attack, the peshmergas went through the empty town, looting houses, nicking fridges, cookers, etc. - even bracelets from dead women - to sell them elsewhere, in Iran. The money didn't even go to funding the parties but lined their own pockets", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nNeedless to say, peshmerga officers thieved the most - so publicly that some of their names are well known to the people of the area.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter the Kurdistan shop front used the genocide in Halabja, at the same time washing their hands of it, their credibility was extremely weakened in Kurdistan (this was compounded by the fact that different nationalist factions brutally fought each other, dragging innocents into their sectarian battles). Their ensuing weakness and increasing lack of support among the local population caused the different factions (KUP/KDP) to re-think and join forces to form the Kurdistan Front", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey started to lavishly spend money on expensive trips to adjacent countries (Iran, Syria, Turkey, Libya), searching for commercial and political contacts in the name of the Kurdish people. After that, they really tried to sell themselves to rich western countries, receiving a little success in Europe, but none in America. It's worth adding here that there seems to be a growing difference, as yet tentative in its outlines, between the proposed new federal superstate of Europe and America", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nEurope sees its interests in having influence through a Kurdish State, just as they favour having a Palestinian State. America wants a Baathist regime without Saddam and for Israel to continue in its present form with a few modifications. The proposals for a \"safe haven\", as a possible prelude to a mini-Kurdish State, originated in Denmark, then France, before the UK's P.M. Major opportunistically made a big thing about it.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhen the Spontaneous popular uprising began in March 91 [4](it was so completely Spontaneous because the parties had lost all credibility) the Kurdistan Front had in mind to control it by taking charge of the money in the Kurdish banks and by controlling government Kurdish buildings, Kurdish State institutions and the arms trade in the area, which was being conducted at the time through open street markets. In those crucial days this is what they were doing - not assisting the uprising", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nA lot of people complained about this and worried about the lack of real, on-the-ground organisation -which was one reason for the speedy defeat of the uprising (it was so easy for the Baathist regime to retake the Kurdish cities) Some of the arms at the time came via arms traders in northern Iran, others were seized from the army secret militias and police or handed over to the insurgents by the Jash, the armed Kurdish units of the Iraqi army In practice, they turned out to be far more radical than the peshmergas, in so far as they were mutinying against their masters, whereas the peshmergas were submissive to theirs.[5] The public in Kurdistan were well in front of the Jash and the Peshmergas, who played virtually no useful part in what happened", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn no sense was the Kurdistan Front like a western trade union with a rebellious membership at certain moments getting completely out of hand and the bureaucrats just looking on bewildered trying for ways to pick up the reigns once again. They exerted a tight control over their units.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe uprising took different forms in different areas of Kurdistan. In Sulliemania, for example, the revolt was started by students taking to the streets against the secret police. The secret police responded by shooting some of them and, as a consequence, the revolt became more general and more people joined in", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nFrom reliable hearsay, it seems that about 50 spontaneous, self-organised workers' shoras (Councils or soviets) were formed in Sulliemania by the people in popular quarters, squares, small factories etc, in order to discuss practical problems. The nationalists didn't recognise them and walked all over their form of democracy (revocable delegates etc.). During the Iranian revolution in 1979 Shoras (workers councils) were formed everywhere, including amongst the Kurdish peasants of northern Iran", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAt the time speeches in assemblies would end with shouts of \"Long live the shoras!\" (repeated 3 or 4 times accompanied by loud cheers). Many of the most vocal elements ended up being executed by the Iranian mullahs .[6]", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn Hawlir the uprising was started by a woman who, desperately furious at the killing of her son by a security cop, disarmed the cop, killed him and then stormed off to the building of the security cops to shoot some more,followed by a snowballing crowd of angry, curious, people. In fact, angry people throughout the whole of Kurdistan attacked, wrecked and torched police stations, local government buildings, Baathist centres, army bases, security headquarters etc. - often making off with various trophies", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBaathist officials and secret police were executed. Such a general pattern of spontaneity remains: The bombing of a police station in the coalition-controlled area of far northern Iraq in late spring '91 was the work of the public again (although, perhaps, this time with some peshmerga support, probably aimed at helping to gain some credibility).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe northern insurrection, although nationalist in form (it was confined to the geographical parameters of Kurdistan), was nevertheless against the nationalist parties. We've heard reports that peshmergas were excluded from Sulliemania for some time and that Talaban the exiled leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, was prevented from entering the city too. Apparently when Barzani, the leader of the KDP, went to Chameharnal, near Sulliemania, he was attacked and two of his bodyguards were killed.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOf course, many other groups and leftist factions (even ultra-leftist) were involved in the uprising, but one mustn't overemphasize their impact, if indeed they had any. As individuals they made contributions -along with everybody else caught up in the euphoria - but not as groups with some message or other. The insurrection was almost purely spontaneous without much ideology - and that-was a good thing", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAlthough it wasn't simplistically nationalist (generally people were too involved in attacking government institutions to care about raising nationalist slogans) it would be wrong to dismiss the popular Kurdish sense of identity that many of the insurgents had", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nNevertheless, at its height, the uprising did threaten to overflow into the rest of Iraq, but wishful thinking can make too much out of all this - for example, the slogan, shouted by a few people, \"We will celebrate our new year with the Arabs in Baghdad\" (we all tend to indulge in this wishful-thinking, but it obscures an understanding of the problems and contradictions in any particular situation)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOn the other hand, there was trouble among the Arabic population of Baghdad at the time - among the poor, students, office workers and other workers. But the capital is so well-policed that it was easy to suppress. Insurgents in Kurdistan were even handed guns from Arab conscripts but the peshmerga, trying to keep everything neatly nationalist, sent some Arab deserters back to Baghdad, although their main concern was to stop Arab conscripts from joining the uprising.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBecause the insurrection lasted such a short time positive link-tips weren't made. The uprising in the marshlands of the south didn't last long enough. Presented by the western media as Shia-inspired, it's far more complex than that. Basra (before it was virtually destroyed by tile Iran/Iraq war and the coalition's bombs) was a city of great contrasts", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt has a strong secular tradition of various old time socialisms, together with a Pan-Arabic nationalism that has social dimensions (workers' rights, welfare rights, etc.). There's also a considerable amount of people like the religious Shias who go to the mosques, though there are a helluva lot of atheists who openly reject the mosques too", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis is all made more complex by the tribal system in the marshlands, with one tribe allied to the C.P., another Baathist, etc., although by far the strongest influence among the tribes is the C.P. But one must remember that CP allegiance goes hand in hand with nationalism. Recently there's nearly been a split between the Kurdistan branch of the CP and the others (although most Iraqi CP leaders are Kurds). There's even a branch in the middle trying to reconcile both factions", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt's all over national definitions. Iraqi CP members feel attached to the Iraqi borders, even though they were drawn up arbitrarily, in the space of a few weeks, at the inception of the British and French Mandate under the auspices of the League of Nations at the conclusion of the First World War. They only want self-determination, and not independence, for Kurdistan and get quite heated about it.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe carpet bombing of the deserting Iraqi army by the USAF and the RAF on the road to Basra destroyed a mutinying armed force capable of defeating Saddam's murderous Republican Guards which could have brought some kind of success to the uprising in the south. The coalition wanted at all costs to preserve the Iraqi State - even if that meant keeping Saddam temporarily in power. So much for refusing to interfere in a country's internal affairs.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nKurdistan's reactionary nationalist movement has always shown its basic class loyalties to the central State in Baghdad by displaying its policing services when required - i.e. when the central regime was incapable of carrying out direct repression because of its periodic weaknesses. However, before the Baathists came to power Kurdish nationalism, as an organised political force didn't really exist, at least, in any modern capitalist sense.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBefore Baathism - between 1958 and 1963 - there took place some quite radical developments in Iraq partly under the influence of Nasserism in Egypt. A kind of state welfarism came into existence as a result of the massive uprising of the Iraqi poor in 1958, when generals, landlords and bourgeoisies were attacked and killed by the working class in revolt. Out of this came health and education reforms and major building programmes for poor people and the government confiscated land from rich landlords", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nA law of work was passed defending workers and peasants from arbitrary sacking. Under the influence of the Communist Party becoming part of the government coalition, atheism, to some degree, became part of the whole culture, although one shouldn't overemphasize this. Although the Koran was publicly burnt, this didn't happen on anything but a small scale. Most workers under the sway of 'radical' ideas went to the mosque too", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHowever, at the time one heard more damning things against Islam from communist-influenced workers in Baghdad's popular quarters than ever came from Salman Rushdie.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn 1963 the national chauvinistic Arab Baathists came to power on a tide of blood, mainly attacking the Communist Party. About 10 000 people were killed and many workers were strung up with telegraph wire the Baathists were a party moulded by British Intelligence in the late '50s in Lebanon. They mimicked Nasserism but with a more aggressively capiatlistic edge which became stronger and stronger over the years locally the Baathists didn't abolish the reforms, and in some cases extended them", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe reactionary movement of Kurdish nationalists made deals with these 'civilised' barbarians with the aim of setting up a quasi-autonomous regional government assembly, subservient to the central state. This was the basis of the network of contacts between them. Essentially though, modern Kurdish nationalism started the moment the Baathists took over", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter the deal, Kurdish nationalists launched armed attacks on rebels in the Kurdish mountains on places like Sharazoor, Garmyan, Zardy, Khandakh, Klakasmak and other bases in the Hawlir and Badinan areas, which were hideouts for people with some kind of basic radical communist outlook (in the sense of being against property and money, etc). Some were Communist Party members. From these hideouts, the rebels had attacked army and police units", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe nationalists killed hundreds of them, sending the rest to Kurdish nationalist prisons in Mawat and Khalan (a lot of these creeps who are into this dirty policing are still around). In these 'liberated' areas in the mountains, Baghdad's authority was weak and had no control over these prisons", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn fact, tile Baathist government never became really strong until 1972 after nationalising the oil (the previous Dutch, British and American owners were mightily compensated, just as happens with nationalisanon virtually everywhere else). Before that, it merely controlled the major cities.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter the barbarian Baathists established themselves they also started attacking the Kurdish people -even as early as the summer of '63. They buried hundreds of Kurds alive and destroyed and burnt a large number (it villages (a hundred or more), which had stood opposed to the new central regime in Baghdad. The Baathists did this after the negotiations with the Kurdish nationalists had made no progress.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn 1964, after the Abdul Salam Arif coup d'etat (a national bourgeois socialist unionist effort), the Kurdish nationalists movement, like a pet puppy being offered a munchie, started wagging its tail in front of this mad chauvinist killer who had insulted the Kurds by openly referring to their origins as \"ghostly apparitions\", and reconvened negotiations. Again the Kurdish nationalist movement turned on the Kurdish population", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey unleashed their cut-throat gangsters on the Kurdish areas because of their constant resistance to the central regime in Baghdad. For example, in Kanymacy, in broad daylight, the psychotic Osmani Amu gang, following orders from their nationalist superiors, committed an horrendous crime, killing 9 heroic and faithful sons [7] of poor Kurdish people (Hama Kolabal and his comrades) from nearby Sulliemania", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey were particularly fine people who, through the way they lived, were a kind of general inspiration (people really rated Hama Kolabal ; these murders went down like a lead balloon among the local population).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter a short while, the Jalalists, followers of Jalal Talabani (the one on TV screens seen recently adoring and kissing Saddam - his opinions ranging from left to fight, depending on the circumstances) signed an agreement in July 1966 giving his organisation official status as mercenaries of die State. They started to take over the role, with Baghdads' assent, of fully policing the Kurdish areas", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey killed and tortured thousands of young Kurds in faction fighting between them and the more feudal, tribalist, Barzani KDP faction. Both factions were fighting for prominence over who should control the Kurdish areas. Often taking sides themselves, but just as often not, young kids were killed all over the place.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn 1968 the Baath fascists came to power again by means of a military coup. The Jalalists became closer to the Baathists, continuing their pact with the central State, this time presenting the Baghdad government as an anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist progressive regime on the side of the so-called socialist bloc. The faction fighting got even worse", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter a time the Baathists realized that they could have control over Kurdistan through making deals with Barzani's KDP because the Jalalists were too much into power-broking with Baghdad and had therefore too little credibility in the eyes of the Kurds. The Baathists in some ways also disliked the Jalalists left-wing rhetoric. In 1970, for the first time, the KDP got an agreement granting some autonomy for Kurdistan. It involved power sharing with Baghdad", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nDuring this period after 1970, because they were having some power, the Kurdish bourgeoisie came to life somewhat. The KDP still had a policing role against the opponents of the regime who'd fled to Kurdistan to seek safety. For example, they handed over to the authorities several members of the Liberation Army (a mainly Arabic outfit living in Kurdish areas because it was safer) to the Baathists to face immediate execution", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn turn too, the KDP handed over the fate of the Kurdish people to Parastin - a party within a party - which directed the movement of the KDP, and also involved an informal alliance of Mossad, Savak (the Shah's secret police) and the CIA who spread their influence mainly through money and guns. Parastin decided policy and controlled the movement's finances. The top bods in the KDP knew all about this as did Kurds outside the party network", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIndeed, Mossad helped train guerillas and at least one Israeli officer was in the mountains teaching armed techniques. It was during this time that the Parastin-run KDP handed over Iranian Kurdish opponents to Savak. The KDP also killed some of these opponents. People like Mala Awara and Sulliemania Moeny - Kurdish nationalists in the Iranian KDP (which had strong connections with the Iraqi KDP) - principled good people - were handed over to the Shah", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHere we mustn't forget the role of the central committee of the Iraqi Communist Party. Between 1973 and 1978 there was a Baath/CP pact. The CP had no governmental power but were used as a fighting militia to put down the Kurds. In the name of a progressive national patriotic front they served the Baathists both nationally and abroad", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBecause of the ferment in Kurdistan (autonomy hadn't been granted - it had all been a card-sharper's trick) and because it had got too much out of hand, the Baathists launched a brutal attack on Halabja and Kalalze in 1974. The inhabitants were napalmed with chemicals made in the USSR - part of the deals made via the auspices of the Iraqi CP. The CP supported this genocide because for them the Kurds were agents of the CIA through the Shah of Iran's influence. The CP compared Saddam with Castro at the time", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn Kurdistan, it all went to show yet again how inter-imperialist rivalry and conflict cynically and bloodily uses a national terrain and often well-meaning but naive insurgents for its own ends.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis is how the people of Kurdistan were treated as a pawn in the chess game of improving relations with the west and of rival political factions (nationalist and so-called communist). March 1975 and the Barzani leadership calls everything off as a result of the agreement between the Shah of Iran and Sad-dam in Algeria. Saddam gave the right to look for oil in the Gulf to Iran in exchange for Iran backing off from Kurdistan. He also handed over to the Shah 3 islands in the Gulf", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nUnofficially the deal involved more imports from the West as opposed to getting more east European commodities. The Kurdish leadership, literally with their suitcases full of money, cleared off to Iran, Europe and America. The burden on the Kurdish people after the relinquishing of struggle, meant that the Baathists forcibly transported thousands of Kurds to the desert camps of southern Iraq whilst their villages were destroyed", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey then had to fend for themselves, although many southern Iraqi Arabs helped them - or else they went to southern towns and got jobs in the construction industry etc. This is how for several years faithful peshmerga and Kurdish people were sacrificed to the class interests of nationalist and Baathists who now took over more completely than ever the Iraqi areas of Kurdistan which had previously escaped their control.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe people's revolution in Iran and the overthrow of the Shah in 1979, followed by the inter-capitalist war (Iran v. Iraq), initiated by Iraq with the support of the USA, which was ranged against the Iranian and Iraqi poor - all this created new conditions for a further uprising in Kurdistan", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhilst the Baathist regime was weakened, the fore-runner of Kurdistan's Shop Front - the PUK - in 1985 started once more to negotiate with the Baathist Fascist regime - and their role became clear yet again: undermining the uprising which again was in the offing. Through their radio station they called on the people to call off the uprising after many demonstrations in major towns, student ferment, etc", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(There was agitation but not strikes in the Kurdish oilfields - most of the oil workers in the oilfields around Kirkuk in particular were now Arabic, as a result of the Arabisation policy throughout Kurdistan, which included the sacking of Kurdish workers. Link-ups between Arabs and Kurds - that essential jump - was not made at the time). The PUK started killing many opponents of the Baathists regarded as rivals. This included killing CP members", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was the same Talabani, this creep now bevying with Saddam and kissing all of his four cheeks, who said at the time in 1986, \"Saddam is not the enemy but the referee between the different factions of the Iraqi people\" and also, \"Anybody who is fighting the Iraqi army is committing a crime and a backstabber of the patriotic Iraqi army.\" - this army which has never been anything but the bloodcurdling torturers of poor Iraqis and Kurds in the bands of various - mainly Baathist - regimes.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe negotiations between the PUK and the regime, as before, ended with fighting again in Kurdistan because the negotiations did not succeed. But this time the new PUK strategy was to \"liberate\" Kurdistan via a coordination with the Iranian army and the Islamic revolutionary guards, the latter being a professional army elite and not conscripted soldiers.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSaddams fascist regime attacked Kurdistan once more and for the first time used chemical weapons against Kurdish people and Shi'ite Arabic people in the south who opposed the war. So in March '88 Saddams military killed over 5000 people in Halabja and more in nearby villages. When the Iran/Iraq war ended referee Saddam in systematic military attacks under the codename 'Anfals' (meaning rentokil type insect exterminators), destroyed some more villages in Kurdistan. Many more were killed and 8000 disappeared", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSaddams regime, with eight years of killing and a million Iranians and Iraqis dead, still wasn't enough. So, with his military advisors, he invaded Kuwait, killing further thousands and laying the grounds for the most concentrated forces of world capital to destroy the whole social and economic infra-structure of Iraq (of Kurds, Iraqis and minorities) and the first step of the new world order (perhaps more appropriately , the new old world order\u2026?).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Kurdistan Shop Front, as a representative of the exploiting Kurd class, shows through its nature and class history that it could never defend the exploited of Kurdistan. Both the Kurdish PUK and the Baathists represent the same barbaric and ugly system against Kurds and Arabs alike. The life of one depends on the other even if they've got some differences at times - largely over the spoils and their share of power", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBoth are pitted against the interests of the people, which is why they see their solution for Kurdish people in these negotiations.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nStill the blood of Kurdisatn hasn't dried up. The Kurdish children in their shrouds took ages to be buried. Mothers still haven't got any news about their dead sons. People separated from each other in the rush to get away from the exterminators still haven't found each other. Everyday in the winter of this year people were dying from starvation and disease in the mountains", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut the ruthless and shameless leadership of the Kurdistan Shop Front, before the eyes of the world, were kissing Saddam and presenting their smiles in a cynical embrace.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis at a time when Saddams regime has been weakened and is opposed by the majority of the Iraqi people. Under the pressure of world public opinion, even those who yesterday supported him financially (arms purchases etc ) don't dare make deals with him. The majority of people in Kurdistan and southern Iraq are very angry. But in reverse we see the smiler's cynicism of the nationalists shaking hands with Saddam", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis must be the plan of world reaction against the Kurdish people's movement to save the Baathist regime and the Kurdistan Shop Front from their demise.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Kurdistan- rising was for liberation from slavery and the half dead/half live existence that goes with it and not for a renewal of the March 11th 197b agreement under the same regime. Three million Kurdish people have lost their homes, land and villages, choosing death on the mountains rather than death under Saddam.. So under whose auspices have the Kurdistan Shop Front been doing the negotiations", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n? There's no force to save Saddam's regime from imminent extinction (although Saddam does keep selected groups of workers around Baghdad reasonably content through big wage hikes; they're the ones on recent demos supporting the regime). But the hatred and misery of the Kurds and southern Arabs against the dirty plans of the negotiations and any attempt to re-invigorate the dead duck institutions of Saddams rule is stronger", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe various recent deals between the Kurdish nationalists and the Baathist state is just so Saddam can bide his time and get stronger again. It's all manoeuvring with false programmes of democratisation. And he can get stronger through making surreptitious deals with the West by, for instance, sending oil to Kuwait and other western countries", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAlso, despite the bombing, there's unlikely to be mass starvation in Iraq as the rich agricultural land in the north and south can feed the cities - although disease and malnutrition, particularly amongst children, will be massive.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn Kurdistan everybody wants to get back to their buildings and homes they left during the winter migration. It was a migration based not just on fear of a bloodbath threatened by Baathist army units, but also caused by peshmerga encouragement: they knew ,it would look good on western TV and helpful for them. And so it has been. All the aid and charities are controlled by the nationalists. The money has mostly gone to the peshmergas for political purposes and virtually none to the poor distressed people", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWith factories, hospitals and schools destroyed, kids are queuing up to join the peshmergas for at least it means reasonable wages and some job security (one shouldn't underestimate another factor -the romantic image of being a guerilla, with its Guevarist-type dreams, Which lures many a young Kurd into the peshmergas; the reality of following orders in a highly hierarchical structure proves, however, to be somewhat mundane, banal even)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe charity organisers have been able to present themselves as liberators - angels from helicopters - as if the war hadn't existed. The \u00a330 million, for example, collected by former Tory Party chairman, Jeffrey Archer and his 'Simple Truth' rock concert [8] went to the K.C.C", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(Kurdish Cultural Centre, a registered charity organisation and an outfit which publishes Kurdish books, literature and music as a front for the Kurdistan Front) and then was almost certainly siphoned off into the political parties' bank accounts. They're just doing business in the name of the poor Kurds. In Halabja and lots of other areas absolutely nothing has got through to the people.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nElsewhere there's one or two sops to help people survive but more or less you've go to have some commercial project or scam to ask the nationalists for dosh. Or, if the money hasn't been given to peshmerga cadres in the form of salaries and wages, it's remained in the banks earning high interest rates. All charity foods given to the Iranian government has been passed on by them to black marketeers who then sell it for high prices to needy Kurdish people", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nCharities became a tax rip-off source of revenue for the Turkish government, whilst the Iranian government complained about the fact that many foodstuffs were beyond their sell-by date, and then promptly sold them off oh the black market. To add insult to injury, on the Iran/Iraq border the nationalists are taking extra taxes from people and on the streets of Kurdish cities are openly stealing anybody's car to sell them off in Iran! A dog eat dog situation has quickly come into existence", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHowever, the southern rebellion refuses to give in and shows remarkable spirit despite the murderous forces unleashed against it. At the same time attacks on the Iraqi army in the coalition/UN zone of Kurdistan have increased so consequently the peshmergas are now openly collaborating with the Iraqi army in order to put a stop to it. Recently a big demonstration in Hawlir was put down by 150 peshmergas", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBasically they discourage people by speaking to them at demos, brandishing their weapons, and if that doesn't work, using force. There have been big demos all over Iraqi Kurdistan (particularly Sulliemania) and Saddam has specifically asked the nationalists to put down the demos (which are both about basics - food arid money - and also against the collaboration).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis collaboration has now become so blatant that leftist guerilla groups have suddenly swelled in number and taken to the mountains again, openly despising the nationalists. The Maoists have made the most capital out of this The PKK (Kurdish Socialist Workers Party) guerillas situated in Turkey have moved across the border and have become active there, linking up with the recently formed PAK in Iraq (Kurdish Socialist Party) which describes the nationalists as a club of feudal landlords", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut the PKK is used by Syria because they're against the dam built across the Euphrates by the Turkish government and which starves Syria of water. Patronising the PKK, the Syrian government has given the leadership sale Headquarters in Lebanon's Bekhar valley. The Maoist-oriented parties go back to the early 70s and they want a system of peasant collectives, nationalisation of the land, etc", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut throughout their 20 history they've killed people they've got minor ideological disputes with - individuals who leave the party, etc. Also, in attacking collaborators they tend to kill simple and harmless peasants from the same villages as the collaborators - creating a climate of fear.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut the majority of the exploited cannot possibly give up the fight as they have no stake in the racketeering or party organisations.\nSHAME ON THOSE WHO MAKE BUSINESS FROM THE BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS!\nVICTORY TO THE UPRISING OF THE ARABS, KURDS AND OTHER MINORITIES AGAINST SADDAM AND THE COALITION!", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSTATEMENT BY A FORMER PESHMERGA WITH SOME ASSISTANCE AND ADDITIONS FROM ENGLISH FRIENDS (from someone who left the nationalists before the real heavy inter-fratricidal killings because it was becoming like a partisan army - killing soldiers, etc. - and completely outside the real movement).\nProduced by:B.M.BLOB, London WC1N 3XX and\nB.M.COMBUSTION, London WClN 3XX", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nP.S As this text went to press almost at the same time as renewed fighting developed between people in the Kurdish areas and the Iraqi armed forces. The news so far is of the destruction of the town hail in Hawlir (Arbil in Arabic), of rioting in Tuz Khurmatu, and of the surrender of over 1000 Iraqi troops (it appeared that they had no desire to fight whatsoever) and of the capture of 14 tanks in Sulliemania", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBarzani, head of the KDP, clearly revealed his collaborator role by denouncing \"people opposed to any deal\" for instigating the clashes. The Baathists have denounced \"Iranian infiltrators\". At first glance this appears to be pure propaganda. But it probably has a partial truth to it. Certainly in March the Iranian government tried to intervene through the intermediary of an Islamic fundamentalist organisation - the Al Dowa party - in the hope of using the uprising to further their aims", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAt that time they supplied lorry loads of food, together with placards saying \"No to the Communists! No to the Baathists!\". They know they can use the desperation of the people to manipulate their allegiances through the power of money and food.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nDesperation has produced two tendencies. On the one hand, many Kurds are flocking to the political parties (especially the Kurdistan Front, but also many of the Marxist-Leninist groups) as a means of survival and protection, finding in these organisations some form of external \"hope\". In fact, many, whether they join the KF or not, are looking to their negotiations with Saddam as their only hope", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt is ironic since Saddam is clearly playing a waiting game, dragging out these negotiations for as long as possible, whilst. in the meantime, the KF is splitting up into fratricidal antagonisms - with fights and killings between the small social democratic Socialist Party of Kurdistan (part of the KF) and the larger stronger sections of the KF (the PUK and the KDP). On the other hand, there is an increasing hostility on the part of much of the population towards all these political groups", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhether these two tendencies come into open conflict remains to be seen. Clearly this text will be partly overtaken by events, and we obviously have no pretensions to providing a definitive analysis of the situation there.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nTHE KURDISTAN WORKERS' COUNCILS OR 'SHORAS'.\nThe following documents were received from Kurdistan in the summer of 1991. Originally in Kurdish, they've been translated as accurately as possible. Obviously we don't agree with all that's said in them but the information is invaluable.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn 1979, at the time of the fall of the Shah of Iran, the western media acknowledged the existence of Shora Workers' Councils in the Iranian social upheavals, although, even then, it falsely limited their scope to the country's oilfields. Now, this same media, reaching even greater depths of stupefaction, doesn't even mention shoras in the continuing Kurdish revolution - and perhaps also in southern Iraq! In their disinfected account of events, workers don't even exist now.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHowever, as to be expected, there are complications. The document on \"A government of Workers' Shoras\" produced early April '91 stating their aims, hasn't been produced but we get a good idea of what it was about by reading the remarkable second letter from Kurdistan published here", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe shoras were workers' councils expressing many of the contradictions workers' councils have almost always faced: in particular, the confusion over whether to openly attack the political parties as external authorities with their own separate interests or to compromise with them and thus weaken the power of the councils", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSome tendencies pushed towards the shoras becoming autonomous revolutionary bodies (an armed people answerable to and protecting the shoras' authority; all power to the shoras; permanently revocable delegates, etc.). But this tendency also coexisted with those pushing for social democratic demands and deals with, in particular, the Kurdistan Front. The point, however, is to first of all consider the practicalities of Kurdistan at this time", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe shoras were borne of pressing survival necessities in a pretty desperate, though also euphoric, situation concerned with food distribution, clothing, housing and first aid. Initially set up in Sulliemania, they spread all over Iraqi Kurdistan, including the oil-rich area around Kirkuk. In many instances, they continued after the return of the refugees from the mountains, into the beginning of the summer.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhilst the demands of the shoras (when dealing with survival, expressed within the framework of political economy and the seemingly eternal world of money; when dealing with 'politics', demanding liberal 'rights', bourgeois 'democracy', etc.) are an aspect of their confusion, equally important is the fact that this workers' democratic forum can move against capitalist social relations and the capitalist mode of production (the market economy), depending on the changing tempo of what is still a very volatile situation in that area of world capital", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nConflicts immediately arose within the shoras and, like the past history of Workers' Councils elsewhere, were prey to all kinds of political racketeering. They have yet to become the authentic voice of the exploited and alienated creating a new world. Kurdistan, so far, has been no exception. The first letter from Kurdistan verifies some of this, with its very confused angle on the conflicts within the shoras", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhilst it condemns the Marxist-Leninists for their politicking, it also attacks them from a silly liberal stance: it wants the shoras to involve everyone - bourgeoisies, cadres and professionals included (If this means including doctors, o.k. - but he's also implying that all the other sections of the professional and bourgeois class be included). At one and the same time, it criticises the Kurdistan Front, whilst feeling some sympathy for these pigs", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIts tone seems to insist on some independent stance, reflecting partly a tendency moving towards autonomy, but then ends up wanting to compromise with the KF and places all its hope in the negotiations with the regime. In fact, its attitude could well be a prelude to some kind of reformed social democratic take on things", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe last 20 years or more has seen, in the vast majority of instances, the beginning of an insightful critique of Marxist-Leninism fall into this trap or worse - an unfettered market individualism. Real steps towards a theoretically clearer autonomous grasp have been pitifully weak. Nevertheless, in its confusion, it raises practical nitty-gritty points about concrete problems (such as white-collar vs. blue collar workers) and the facts are very interesting", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOn the other hand, the second letter is crystal and a joy to read. This account of the Kurdish shoras, dealing with real problems raised within their expanding parameter is relevant to workers everywhere in the world, including those in the English-speaking nations: Third World status doesn't come into it.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nTo end on an affirmative note. After the party politicking which discredited somewhat the shoras among the population of Sulliemania in early April '91, two texts are reproduced here illustrating that perhaps the shoras are getting into their stride once again, at least in the early summer months: although one has clearly Marxist-Leninist sympathies, the other, from street hawkers, is basic and straight forward", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBoth condemn the discredited Kurdistan Front and their attack on the forum of a genuine workers' democracy, and it's now known that many of the people who made the uprising in Iraqi Kurdistan haven't quite been marginalised within the shoras, despite suffering from heavy calumnies. What this might portend remains to be realised....", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe, Sulaimania's street hawkers and itinerant barrow traders, with immense difficulty and fatigue, can only get a few dinars working every day for 12 or 13 hours standing under the glaring sun. We can't make a living for ourselves and our families. Our tables are empty. Today, unemployment and high prices confront us. We aren't satisfied with this grinding existence. Poverty and starvation leave us no room. We don't walk the streets for the joys and liberties of so doing; it's our work", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe do not accept the harassment of our work and trade by the government or the Kurdistan Front because any force which doesn't look after our lives, children and families doesn't mean anything to us. We therefore declare that until the government sorts out our living we will in desperation carry on with our work and trade.\nHonored Street Hawkers!", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe need each other's unity and solidarity. We need to assemble together and to resist the attacks on us, to impose or have our demands validated by the authorities. We shouldn't be satisfied with our work today but be united for the social security rights denied us. Our life must be guaranteed by all the wealth and the oil which exists in our country. Otherwise, what do we want this or that government for? To carry on with this near impossible life in front of their eyes", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n? And yet all the money and wealth are in the hands of the rulers and authorities and they want to bury us alive in poverty, starvation, and unemployment.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nLet's build street hawkers' unity in Sulaimania City.\nCommittee of Street Hawkers of Sulaimania\n- July 2nd, 1991\nSTATEMENT FROM A SULLIEMANIA SHORA WORKERS' COUNCIL.\nWorkers, Exploited, Honoured Revolutionary People\nThe brutal Baathist capitalist regime for more than 22 years has continued to crush, destroy and kill individuals, groups and our sons in order to stabilize its dark authority In. very barbaric way it attacked the revolutionary people of this country.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nNo day went by without the regime arresting hundreds and thousands of workers, exploited and revolutionary people who then disappeared. Also it attacked and destroyed most of the proud and revolutionary areas that opposed the regime. Under the regime in this critical and desperate era, constant starvation, unemployment and high prices had pushed most people into this forlornly unhappy situation.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe capitalist orientated parasitical minority has got all the methods, most of the institutions and everything else in their hands whilst we, the majority have been denied every human right.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis decadent capitalistic regime with its naked brutal dictatorship, has made us, the workers and exploited, into cannon fodder for two big destructive wars (Iran vs Iraq and the US/Alliance in Kuwait). Up to now we and our sons have been eaten by the desert vultures in both wart Many of us disappeared or we live very precariously. The hatred of this always disadvantaged people - everywhere exploited in the cities and small towns - has destroyed the regimes institutions though their own force alone", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSo much so that they nearly sounded the death knell for the regime which even until now has not been able to put itself back together again", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was the realisation of the oppressed's own power, independent, relying only on themselves, and in no way dependent on the might of imperialism and the bourgeois nationalists of the Kurdistan Front In Kurdistan, the KF were trying to control the power of the people and nowhere not just in Iraq, are the intents of World Imperialism, particularly America, served by revolutionary people", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nToday it's always t trying to crush the uprising of the workers and exploited people in any part of the world and replace it with rulers and/or capitalist states which serve their interests. Just look at how we saw the shame of the beaten Iraqi army and how, with its power broken, it was then encouraged by the Imperialists to crush the uprising. They gave up on the destruction of the regime because - needed this defeated army for another time.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was due to both the philosophical attitude of the bourgeois nationalists which didn't enjoy the backing of Imperialism as well as the lack of a workers' Communist Party representing the vanguard of different sectors of the worker's movement that the uprising couldn't continue and which stopped us in our tracks", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(This was the weakest point of the revolutionary workers' movement at the time of the uprising [9]) The Kurdish people became the victim; migrating and starving in their thousands in the cold where they contacted diseases and many died", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut even despite these adversities; in this period of bourgeois nationalist negotiations with the regime, the workers and exploited have continued with their uprising and are ever ready to confront the forces of fear and workers and exploited have continued with their uprising and are ever ready confront the forces of fear and trickery.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe bourgeois nationalists after justifying the migration of revolutionary Kurdish people because of the Imperialists' betrayal are now themselves in negotiations with the regime seeking a solution to the Kurdish problem in this way. But the workers and exploited revolutionary people continuing with their uprising in Sulliemania are proving that they will never accept the negotiating conditions", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnd in Hawler, on the Tuesday before AED (a Muslim religious festival) the workers and exploited through their sympathy actions proved their solidarity with the people of the south and the rest of Iraq. It won't let the colours of their own struggle fade!", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe workers and exploited assent to negotiations for one reason only - that the reuniting power of the people obliged the regime to come to the negotiating table clearing the way towards the destruction Of the regime and the Kurdish people should have all the power in their hands.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe people of Kurdistan only assent to the negotiations in order to stipulate that there must be democracy and political freedom now in Kurdistan and all Iraq. That no One should be tortured and one should be free to choose any politics or beliefs.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nMoreover, the workers and exploited only condone the negotiations so that on the one hand, a framework can be recognised so that there shouldn't be anybody above them speaking on their behalf", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOn the other hand, we, the millions of workers standing in line do not sanction the negotiations as a means of consolidating authority (everyday the regime strengthens the institutions and the army, -barricades, soldiers patrolling the street; armoured vehicles etc have increased and there is no corner in Kurdistan without their presence).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe also cannot sanction these negotiations while democracy and free expression is forbidden and the workers' and exploited cannot be free in their homes to discuss their demands and needs. What's the ground for negotiations and what do they mean if the regime continues with the same policy?", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnd what do negotiations mean if or when the Kurdistan Front starts openly attacking the voice of freedom and democracy setting about the shora workers' councils and their committees or anyone outside the Kurdistan Front", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n? We, the workers and exploited, have as an immediate task to organise our general meetings and assemblies, to discuss our differences and to put forward our demands asking for an explanation for the on-going negotiations and to put pressure on both sides not to keep us waiting. In short, to rise up for our demands. Firstly, all the invaders's army and powers should be ousted completely from Kurdistan", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSecondly, complete freedom for all political prisoners and freedom for the Anfal and Bartani area prisoners. Thirdly, unconditional political freedom. Fourthly, a vote on whether to agree/disagree with the negotiations. All this is to be established by the workers and people themselves.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nVICTORY TO THE POPULAR WORKER'S UPRISING.\nDOWN WITH CAPITALISM. LONG LIVE SOCIALISM.\nCOMMITTEE FOR WORKERS IN SMALL FACTORIES IN SULLIEMANIA\nA LETTER FROM KURDISTAN\n(FROM A PAMPHLET WRITTEN IN KURDISH AND DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT GERMANY, BRITAIN AND ELSEWHERE IN EUROPE.)\nTHIS LETTER IS FOR YOU AND THOSE FRIENDS WHO ARE MEANT TO KNOW ABOUT THE EVENTS AND HOW THE SITUATON CAME ABOUT. WHAT I'M RECALLING HERE IS WHAT I'VE SEEN AND BEEN AWARE OF.\n1. THE GENERAL SITUATION BEFORE THE UPRISING.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter the Anfals happened in Kurdistan (CF main text), thousands of people were arrested and then disappeared. Thousands were killed in the acts of resistance and many more thousands migrated to Iran and Turkey. Isolated, people gave into the State and government\u2026.a difficult and depressing situation emerged in Kurdistan", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAll this proved to the people that armed struggle was not the way to confront the government because of the poor quality of the technology and the armaments under their control The technology and sophisticated weaponry were powerful and lethal All the Kurdish opposition were forced into Iran. This made people more demoralized because they knew they couldn't do anything and daily the Peshmerga were handing themselves aver to the government", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere were a lot of deserters who at the same time didn't want to partake in the Iran-Iraq war. The government was exploiting that psychologically depressing situation in which people were completely demoralized after the Anfals and where the Kurdish opposition had been defeated, living out their existences unemployed and deserters at one and the same time. Thus people were awaiting the outcome of the war that could perhaps result in the tall of the Iraqi regime", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe war ceased in August without this happening. People were afraid because, they were saying, that with Saddam staying on no-one could rest Before he had been too occupied with the war, but now with the ceasefire he could turn on people again This time however no political movement or activities existed. There was only talk about it on an individual level", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSo after the war stopped, the government having given itself time to lick its wounds, around September decreed a general amnesty for the Kurds called decision 736-737, according to which all Kurds could leave the army. The people believed it because, it was said, what did the government want an army for after the war?", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nPeople submitted to decision 736-737, legally registered with the government, and left the army. But it was only for a short time and then there was an army call up all over again However the army became disorganized because there were large numbers who wouldn't accept its discipline and were only waiting to be de-mobbed. A month after de-mobbing took place the government transferred them south. At this time the general standard of living was low because all Kurds born between 1945 and 72 were in the army", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnyone without money couldn't afford army service because there were no wages and bribery was widespread in the army. This situation continued until Iraq invaded Kuwait Then there began a transformation of the Iraqi army in Kuwait whereby most soldiers there was of Kurdish origin after the coalitions threats, the scenario grew in scope and Kurds daily started deserting from the army. In fact most deserted and only a handful remained because no one agreed with the scenario", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was like as though every home in Kurdistan housed one deserter. The government couldn't control the situation as the deserters were too many and the standard of living so low that people were unable to do military service. Deserters arrested in the cities were released by forking out five dinars to Army Security and three dinars to the police.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis situation continued until the struggles between the coalition and the government really heated up. People then started building up hopes that the Coalition would overthrow Saddam. It was said mostly in Sulliemania, that there was going to be a war but the people in the middle and south of Iraq never imagined such a possibility until the night allied forces bombed Baghdad. For the people of Kurdistan that was the most beautiful night The next morning people were joyfully hugging and kissing each other", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis seemed to have happened only in Kurdistan. People felt revived and fear left their heart The government with its brutal security control mechanisms which had bound and gagged us for twenty years seemed to be falling apart Peoples faces looked open and relaxed and they began to have conversations with each other. What's happening", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter the Iraqi army was broken in Kuwait, thousands of deserting soldiers on toot returned to their home-towns where hour after hour they spoke of the tragedies they had witnessed in Kuwait How thousands starved to death or were killed and how the Iraqi authorities lied to them saying that there wasn't going to be a war", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHowever most Iraqi cities are full of deserters and people have seen many tragedies and critical moments- But governmental control over the people wasn't the same as before and because of that people were preparing themselves bit by bit. Daily, people predicted that something was going to happen but no--one knew how or in what way", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis was when the news was received from people returning from the south about how the retreating army leaving Kuwait had joined with the people in attacking the government and that opposition in Basra had built up to the level where the people of the city had completely taken control", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nJust a few days before the uprising people had had enough. That meant that something had to be done. But the problem was that they weren't prepared or at any rate weren't organized although they were just on the point of organising themselves against the government At that time we were aware of a group called Committee for the Uprising", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut we didn't contact them because we didn't trust some of their undesirable personalities But they wanted to set up some armed teams and wanted to get together with a communist group, RAWT [10], to carry out their activities But RAWT was so isolated because some of its members had recently been arrested and we didn't want to be to the fore of the army as an organistion.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThen we (Y.K, A.H., SH.IW. and his brothers, S.A.I.I..K and his team) had a few meetings to discuss the situation and how to initiate attacks and confrontations which would detonate the situation. But the main problem was lack of arms. We contacted the PUK and KDP for this purpose but they cheated us by not giving us weapons.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThen the Kurdish Opposition (Kurdistan Front) started contacting former participants from their ranks asking them to set up armed units giving them codename structures to be ready when necessary'. The radio station continually called on people to be prepared and organised and they broadcast an amnesty for the Mstashars. [11]. They also called for the Iraqi army based in the north not to shoot on the public but to give into the people as they were backing the uprising in the south", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe radio also called on people in Sulliemainia to celebrate on the 7th, until they arrived to take part. That's how people prepared themselves everywhere for the spark to light the uprising and the government was worried, prepared and wary but things were so serious that they didn't know how to cope with the situation. They even tried locally to initiate the explosion on the 6th in order to kill and threaten the people. But there was little they could do.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was on the eve of the 7th of March 1991 that a group of about 15 met at my place to decide what to do in the morning and what positions we should take. But the problem was still a lack of arms. We all stayed at K's house overnight We managed to get hold of one rifle and one USSI. At 7 am on the 7th we positioned ourselves throughout some popular quarters (Tooy Malik, Hawaranarza, Hagy-Khan, Malkandy, Azady, Darcoga, Khanwa-Koraken and Baranan)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nI am going to talk a little about my own participation. We started with the popular quarters of Tooy Malik and Hawara just after 7 am There were about seven of us and we went through the streets asking people to come out and join the uprising and coming confrontation. This is the historical chance Kurds had been waiting. Hundreds of youths, wornen and children followed us but we had only two guns", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe people requested to go to the homes of the Jash Kurdish army units who'd guns asking them to either participate in the uprising as Kurds or to hand over their weapons to the people. We were actually quite successful in this. We went to their homes clapping and shouting solidarity slogans They came over to us with their guns and joined the people. Now we had a lot a of guns gathered together", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter we went to the homes of two Mstushers in Tooy Malik and we got hold of a few more guns by putting pressure on them. But they weren't attacked because they said they belonged to the Kurdistan Front and they were waiting for the call via the radio station.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe demonstration grew larger and larger and we decided to attack a building housing tbe Osman Organisation [12] on Tooy Malik concourse. It was an attack from all directions and within ten minutes it was burnt down n and destroyed. Some Osmans were killed and some were arrested inside their building. The people men, women, girls and even Arab children were enthusiastically active in helping out and giving first aid to anyone who'd received injuries.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAt the same time people were swarming in from Mazid Bag and they controlled the universities police centre and the rest of the university. At that time there was shooting all aver the place in Sulliernania. Smoke was rising Then we went down Tooy Malik's main street to take over the prison. After an attack lasting a few minutes -together with a rocket attack- the prison guards surrendered said the prison was smashed up and all an prisoners set free", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe actual walls were demolished with shovels belonging to the city council. We continued onward and the demonstration kept growing as the people of Hagy Khan and Malkandy came into the street Elsewhere the people of Azady and Khanwa-Koracan were coming down through Ordzeback after the Azady police station handed over their guns to them without firing a shot. In return people forgave them and didn't kill them. There was an attack from all sides on Sara - the main police station", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe bravest person in that district was a young girl wearing black; she was continually to the fore of the people and wasn't afraid of anything, constantly raising morale. I spoke to her and she told me she was a niece of M.R Anyway, attack after attack continued on Sara. Some people were injured The Sara police station finally fell to both the shouting and shooting of the people. Some police were killed and those that were injured gave themselves up", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSergeant ShannIl, the most infamous and hated person in the land who had been responsible for killing many people was captured His head was smashed open with a club, his hands and legs cut off and his mutilated body hung on a traffic light outside Sara.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere was a big demonstration in front of Sara. The numbers were huge. Armoured cars had been commandeered by the people and groups were getting into cars and heading towards those places not yet liberated. We wanted to go down the Mawlawy road [13] towards Hasib Salh but we couldn't do it because there were Kanas [14] in the area and you would have soon been finished if you were out on the street", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere was also shooting aver in the Hamia, the main army base of Sulliemania The assistance of the people was needed there. With their help most of the base could he taken over and thousands of arms distributed among the people.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnyway events like these were taking place all over Sulliemania. The news came through that all the security headquarters in the south had been taken. This time we were by the S'a Takochy garage when Hamia was taken. Fighting continued aver at the Hasib Salh building until its resistance was broken. Then people stormed the place and two of its floors were burnt out. Fighting then broke out around the old security headquarters. Its four walls were demolished", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nPeople invaded the buildings which housed Party Headquaters The gates of the cigarette factory are broken down and people looted thousands of cigarette cartons. Then we went back to Tooy Malik with some friends, going back through the city by car. Many places had by now been captured or burnt. The only important security headquarters left was Akary, located in a rich suburb of Sulliemania. It was surrounded by the crowds of people who continued to arrive but there was still resistance", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was now about 11 am. We visited the hospital, the wards were packed with the injured Most had received their injuries at security headquarters and the Hamia base. But the hospital was disorganized and in a mess because most hospital workers were afraid to come to work. Pillagers had been looting it and hospital beds had been pulled out onto the street We asked some people to look after the hospital but it didn't work", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThen I went back through the city in our Krona car calling on all hospital workers to return to work because hundreds of people had been injured as well as asking the armed people to protect the hospital so that health care could be carried out properly. Then our Krona crashed into another car. But it was OK, we were safe.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nRocket attacks coming from security headquarters were landing all over Sulliemania killing and injuring lots of people. A group of us went back to Tooy Malik but the hullabaloo was so great that we couldn't he heard for more than five meters.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe met A.M.and he told us what he had been doing. After talking to him we decided to set up a barricaded base-centre to call on people and direct them. Then we went to Awat school where there was a loud hailer", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe immediately started to call on the revolutionary and exploited people to came together in order to organize ourselves and protect our city from any attacks, acknowledging how great and revolutionary the people are and how the regime's structures had been smashed, \"Let's carry the revolutionary spirit onto the end and not let government offices and factories be misused because they are your own, our own revolutionary property.\" Then a lot of people gathered around the school and our friends also gradually got back together", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere were a lot of government cars around and the school was in a strategic place leading to many parts of Sulliemaniaa. Things were getting bigger and bigger and lots of armed people joined us and were asking what they should do now. The slogan 'Bread, jobs, freedom and the Democratic Republic!' was the only slogan in people's mouths. The school had become a focal point The soldiers that surrounded the city had surrendered to groups of people .One after another, offering no resistance.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nPeople were bringing them into the school. It was quite a sight, they were protected and no one was going to harm them We, ourselves looked after them and asked people to feed them because they are the sons of the people and they had protected the people by disobeying government orders. But not only soldiers but also police and security guards were brought in and these acts compelled us to set up a prison at the school. Then people were complaining about the looting", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSo we went through the city using our cars megaphone saying that these acts weren't revolutionary and that confiscated property now belonged to the people. We asked responsible people to get together and request that confiscated government property not be smashed up or burnt since it now belonged to the people", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSome people brought everything they'd requisitioned into the school, from cars to hospital equipment to heavy artillery that they'd lifted from army bases and guard posts (where guards had handed out rifles in a disciplined fashion and these rifles had been brought into the city). These acts enlarged the scope of what was taking place", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nPeople liked to have responsible persona carrying out their affairs so it was urgent to arrange a meting to explain who we were and what we wanted from the people and what our actions meant After long discussions it was decided that our actions were to be carried out within the framework of the shora and so we agreed to work under the name of the Tooy Malik shora. We worked out duties and demands raising the slogans; 'Bread and Work and the Democratic Republic'", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOur demands could he condensed into eight points - demands which were also been raised by the UN Council of Human Rights. I don't quite remember them concisely but there were demands for unconditional political freedom, freedom for all organisations, strikes and womens' rights, Demands dealing with equal wages, with unemployment and social security support, with the separation of religion and state, freedom of religious pursuits and some other things like that.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThese were the demands and our duty was to get people together to discuss them and to elect their own representatives. The 7th of March was now drawing ton close. During the night we stayed up constantly discussing things. We had about 7O prisoners. There were also a lot of armed people walking about On the morning of the 8th' around 8 am someone said the then peshmerga were coming down from Goiza. We had about seven cars and went to meet them, rendezvousing with them in Baroo [15] woods", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter welcoming them we passed on the news that the whole city was occupied plus part of the security buildings. They hadn't been aware that the city had been taken and they were the first group of peshmergas who officially came down to the city. They were the 7th PUK battalion and their commander was G.H. We went back to the school and the megaphone was announcing the good news that our patriotic sons were now backing the publics uprising", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt seemed that most of the cities population was gathered around that school. When we had a meeting with the peshmergas we explained that only the security building had not been taken and we sent S. and X. together with some peshmegas over there. Fighting was recommenced until S. was injured and some peshmergas killed", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe peshmergas had thought we were the city organization of the Kurdistan Front, but we explained to them that we were part of the 'shoras of the revolutionary and exploited people' and didn't belong to any party, group or organization explaining to them what our actions had been and that our demands were the publics demands They were glad and thanked us a lot for what we had done and immediately asked for some coordination to help each other and act together", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe agreed and asked them to go the other school after lunch, always insisting however that we wished to remain independent. Then we took them there. All in all there were about 200 peshmergas.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nContinuous fighting around security headquarters lasted until late afternoon but it ended on the same day it began (the 8th March). All occupants were killed, about 800 were inside. They were cut to pieces and the prisoners set free. A lot of people were martyred in this act; people such as Awat abdlrazak, a close comrade of D. Inside security HQs there were a lot of cells, gallows and places of execution. And a big cabin with bedrooms inside, with naked photos of women and women's clothes lying around", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis was a place of entertainment with women prisoners. A photo of a woman servicing their needs hung in a niche. She was undergoing multiple rape. Forgive me, I couldn't remove photos from these places. The inside walls of the prison are memorable; full of poetry and patriotic slogans.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nDuring the fighting over at security HQs those infamous ones injured or arrested were brought to the school. The people demanded a legalized peoples court to be set up. With the aid of the loudhailer we chose eight criminals from the 160 prisoners and handed them over to the people. They helped themselves, cutting off their hands head and feet and then they were hung up. Even at that time J.H came over and said that M Nowshaerawan [16] had requested that nobody be killed", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut neither the people nor us were obeying their order because the peoples hatred was so great that they would have smashed up the school too.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter that news came through that Mulazm-Omer and his forces were coming to the city. He went to the other school joining J. After a short while he asked to see us and we had a meeting with him (myself, H.A. and J.) and he thanked us a lot and asked for solidarity and help. We helped them a lot that night giving them a few cars and assisting them with the deployment of their forces around the city. On the 9th, the Kurdistan Front came down to the city and a lot of other friends joined us", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter that discussions were about decisions to set up Shora's workers councils in different areas and we helped them as much as we could. Shoras were increasing in Sulliemania and in the end there were about 50 of them. All of this required a central HQ, together with a rubber stamp to carry out the work in and organized and authorized way. K. and his friends were very active in Majeed-bag. The whole thing was getting bigger", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere was a base centre in Sarkares [17] which we weren't aware of and didn't know personally and they started functioning on the 9th as a workers Shora. Then one of their representatives came over to see us. After a discussion we decided to help them. They wanted to have a meeting in nearby Sarkares and they asked us to go round and call on people with the aid of the loudhailer to get a lot of people together to participate.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhen it did happen we saw their two metre wide red hammer and sickle flags. They distributed 'The march of Communism' manifesto in the name of the Shoras. They only talked about the 35 hour week and nothing else. SO we gradually withdrew from their company, telling them we weren't committed to any organization, that they should act only in their own name and therefore, shouldn't impose their flag or demands over the shoras heads.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe work and size of the Shora was increasing daily and control was getting ever more difficult, especially the administration and division of tasks. Our relations with the KF were very good and our stamped authorization was accountable and even recognized as theirs. We exchanged letters to carry out our tasks. Then we started administrating some tasks by ourselves such as, firstly, setting up mobile medical teams and collecting blood donations for those injured in hospital", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe managed to collect 1400 bottles of blood. The same thing happened with other services such as getting water and electricity workers to together with the result that water and electricity supplies, which had been cut off for some time due to the war, were reconnected throughout Sulliemania. And finally, we managed to get the hospital functioning properly again. L.SH.A played big part in all that and the hospital administration was in the hands of a Shora workers' council.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHospital staff were working round the clock and we reclaimed ambulances and medicines looted at the time of the uprising. The city councils central services set up their own Shora electing their own representatives. The engineers W. and the sister of a martyr AA. Carrie out this work effectively, collecting all the corpses lying in the street and cleaning things up. The reason why we took responsibility for these services was to aid humanity and to introduce and publicize the Shoras", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn that we were practically successful . At the same time lefties were infiltrating the Shoras. A., O. and S. and others played a part in all that.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAlso the Kurdistan Front often came to the school. They discussed things but without any sensitivity, except towards those friends mentioned above who in their turn didn't respond to them, not even recognizing their existence, as they only recognized the Shoras as the sole owners of all thing. The KF complained that there was a political tendency in the shoras and that the workers' programme was that belonging to the 'March of Communism group", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnyway these were the disputes going on within the Shoras where different opinions and tendencies engaged with each other. This took place around the 12th and 13th of March.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was then decided that I should be delegated to Hawlir so that what was happening in Sulliemania wouldn't be isolated We went with S and some other friends. I went to the N.F.O. in Hawlir. We talked about what was happening, the shores and the like and they agreed with what we said. We then went to M.T., the person in charge of the Kurdistan Front. I'd known him before, so we talked and he was in agreement and willing to help", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nS started campaigning among people in Hawlir, (the loyal ones, revolutionaries, patriots, democrats and the left), organising seminars and reading Leaflets written by the Sulliemania shoras and talking about them and how they were set up, their big achievements and what their demands were. We called on the revolutionaries for backing and solidarity and to begin setting up shores in every district and factory", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter some conversations people showed themselves ready and a shores centre was created near the Governor's office. From there, some other shora centres were set up by the Locals. A shora authority stamp and headed note paper was produced We stayed in Hawlir for tbree days doing all this. Whilst I was there about 35 shoras were created and we had 5 meetings with the locals", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAll the democratic demands of the people were discussed and it was made clear that people should insist on elections and work out demands.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhen i got back to the Awat school in Sulliemania, a lot of changes had taken place. The schools' radio was mostly talking about the workers and workers' shoras, demanding all power to the workers", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey'd been publishing leaflets and a facsimile of the 'March of Communism' programme in the name of the shora They complicated everything so much that there should have been a vote as to whether the shora should be workers' shores with workers' resolutions and positions or whether the shores should be opened up to include the bourgeoisie. RAWT kept this up until they were intervening in most things", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nFor example, in the hospital they were saying that workers and ancillary staff should only work 7 hour shifts. The hospital was working 24 hours in 3 shifts and their proposals would have meant a 3 hour gap in the day with no cover. But the ancillary staff wouldn't listen to the doctors and the whole functioning structure of the hospital was shaken", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey also organised Sulliemania's electricity office in such a way as to make manual workers clash with office workers, as if pen pushers were the bourgeoisie whereas manual workers were earning more money than office staff or skilled engineers. At the bottom of all this was their opposition to the Kurdistan Front, portraying it as bourgeois and reactionary", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe KF counteracted via their radio station and started characterizing the shoras as illegal organisations, unauthorized and composed of trouble makers and anarchists obstructing their tasks. We called on people not listen, to the KF, but nothing was resolved. We visited all the different tendencies within the KF, explaining our achievements until they couldn't refuse a meeting between the KF, and the Shoras representatives. The shora had a meeting and elected 5 representatives", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut RAWT, by means of trickery, go more people to vote for their own men and they became the majority. Only One of the 5, MAM.L was middle-of-the-road, the rest were hardliners who'd previously had a lot of rucks with the KF. O.O. was one of them.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnyway the meeting took place. As well as the five representatives 6 or 7 others came to the public cultural center. Right away there was a dispute about these representatives. At the same time, leftist groups had also been having another meeting in the shora centres to drum up aid claiming the apparent arrest of shora representatives", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey organised a demonstration in front of the public centre where they shouted and screamed out insulting slogans such as \"Disarm yourselves bourgeois capitalists you're incapable, only workers can build a new world\" This continued until O.O. went outside to publicly disagree with what was going on inside the building. He said the people having a meeting inside were not workers' representatives as they kept capitulating to the KF. Then O.O", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nand his supporter' started chanting anti-KF slogans with the result that the outcome of the meeting was unclear because two different tendencies existed. One tendency was rooted in a Marxist-Leninist perspective and wanted workers' shoras, recognizing only the workers as the heroes of the street. We represented the other tendency and we wanted the shores to be public shoras. Where everybody could work together until elections could be held when the real representative of the shora would be elected", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe talked about democracy insisting on human rights and we believed in cooperation with the KF. And that's how it remained until the anniversary of the chemical gas attack on Halabja on March the 17th.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe shoras held a big meeting to organize the biggest event so far. With this memory and the recent great victory the megaphones were placed in front of the old Sara cop station. More than a thousand people participated It opened with readings from shora leaflets and then all the parties and organisations were allowed to read out their own tracts. There and then Burdarky Sara was changed to Freedom Square. Things were going well but then bit-by-bit, the Marxists started carrying on", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt was as though they thought everybody present in the crowd were workers exhausted through hard work. Speeches were made and texts read out haranguing the bourgeoisie. Individuals such as A.WO indirectly attacked the KF saying they were reactionaries pitted against the workers' shoras and that's just how the bourgeoisie behave and that we, the worker; weren't afraid of anything and would fight to the finish. Things continued in this vein", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAt the end of the meeting the KF organised a big demonstration against the shoras which heeded towards Awat school in Tooy Malik chanting: \"the KF is the head wearing the crown, only shoras are troublemakers\" Anyway we managed, with the aid of a megaphone, to calm people down explaining that the shoras were there to serve the people and peshmergas and we started touting out slogans praising the KF, until they calmed down too and left us alone", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nFrom that day on I was really fed up because the KF had been given an excuse to oppose us. Also we no longer got on with the lefties to the point where we completely disagreed with them and there was bed feeling all round. We accused them of messing up tasks and creating problems. They finally admitted they were wrong but by then things had been stirred up. A meeting followed and as a result there was a split", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAbout 8 of them had been thrown out but we couldn't carry on with our work after that because the shora had lost all credibility with the people who saw them as made up of troublemakers.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut RAWT carried on with their work and even now they're saying they'll continue though only as a voice which has no impact other than antagonizing the KF. That's all they talk about The situation developed like that with the two tendencies only complaining about the other. We've been accused of theft and cowardice and being KF's men.At the same time there was the issue of Kirkuk", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe government had been re-taking it and Kurdish forces were attempting to recapture it Our position was to independently take a part in the fighting over Kirkuk. The other tendency still using the shoras name got together a fighting force with Alay Shorsh - Banner of Revolution - to take part in the action. Mala Bakhtyar was there and there were about 200 of them. Nothing was resolved. Government forces advanced to the point where on the night of the 3rd of April they were approaching Sulliemania", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nGovernment rockets fell on the city. That night there was the biggest demonstration of all in Sullieimana to raise the peoples' morale calling on them not to evacuate the city but to resist The slogan: 'rockets, tanks and aircraft cannot make us leave this city' was shouted. That night we went to see the KF leadership in Tooy Malik They said they were going to resist and weren't leaving the city because the peshmergas were about to defeat the government forces", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis continued until, just after midnight, the KF radio station did an about turn declaring that nobody had to get in anybody's way and to let people collect their belongings and families and flee the city. People were demoralised and everybody was on their way. All morning people left the city and some 80% were gone: Some friends stayed over at my place thinking about how to resist It was about 11 am on the 3rd of April, planes and aertillery continually bombarded Sulliemania", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nMy family couldn't agree as to whether to leave Sulliemania so I sent W.K. WA with a few other friends to Krgais Way, while myself, HAJ and my brother K with three other friends were in Tooy Maiik near 60 street .With no resistance being offered we crossed the street Just before we got to the Baroo Wood, tanks took up positions on 60 street. Planes continued with their bombardrnent but there was anti-aircraft fire from some districts", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere were thousands of people passing through Azmre Avenue when the planes were carrying out their bombardment Many were killed. The soldiers then left 60 street and headed for the mountains. They haphazardly shot at us and then we went to the other side of Gorza and from there to Hharta", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nOn the 3rd of April, when the government occupied Sulliemania, the city was was deserted. By then 90% had left. The army looted most of it and anything that had been left behind in the beautifully designed houses were flung onto the street. Those people who stayed in the city were untouched whilst the others spread throughout surrounding apartment buildings were running for the border. It was so crowded without bread or food that half the people left their cars and escaped on foot", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt rained continually for a few nights. The scene gradually calmed down and people were resettled in various shelters in old villages in the surrounding countryside after it was learnt that the government had tailed to capture Azmer and two of their tanks had been burnt out. The government was actually defeated at Arbat's Way and the Brigadier arrested. Then came the government's amnesty but few people returned especially those who'd left behind big interests", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe government eventually got round to deal with the city. After a short period they sent a delegation asking for negotiations and in between there was talking. The people felt more secure, less afraid and they started coming and going to the cities as they liked", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nFinally they returned to Sulliemania and the situation has remained like that People were waiting the results of the negotiations which in general they've agreed with because they've reached the conclusion that Kurds by themselves cannot destroy the Iraqi authorities and, moreover cannot ask for independence as it's rejected internationally", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBecause of all this they consider negotiations as the best solution for saving Kurdish lives and also could make real gains out of this historical opportunity since central authority is weak and under international pressure: People hang around the cities waiting for the results of the negotiations", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nFood has been distributed by the Red cross and all the talk is about the apparent intent of the KF to form one party under the name of RZGARY PARTY uniting under one force named Duzgay Surbazy (meaning army institution). People are happy about this because they're saying Kurds are directly affected by what's happening and as a nation were threatened with starvation, death, and exile. Therefore one united party is necessary to answer all that", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nLeftist groups like the 'March of Communism' do not agree with this take on things saying only the workers can solve all problems and the struggle in Iraq is between labour and capital, consequently the worker' struggle is the focal point. I'll say no more about this; they are the mouthpiece of the Iranian Communist Party and there's no difference between them.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnother group has been set up recently after the Shoras split called Workers' Association (Hastay Krekaren). They believe in the shoras' struggle and all their programmes are those of the workers. In their thinking they are strictly hard-line Marxist-Leninist and put up graffiti. They are the same characters as before and don't get involved in anything which makes their position clear apart from taking the piss out of everything. But it's useful enough for them just to sit around a table", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nDear (\u2026)\nI am now in the old Penjwen with K and some other friends and now frankly any satisfaction I had with Marxist-Leninisrn is now completely shaky. I don't believe in parties or party business and I don't drink there'll ever come a day when I'd work with any political group, organization or party. I only look at things as a human being. I am prepared to participate in any event that serves humanity and the general interest. As such I'll participate. Onward but no organizational commitment.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnd now I support the points raised by the negotiations because people themselves have reached the conclusion that they cannot rise up in the face of imperialism and a lot of things that are happening have come out of the will and wishes of the Kurdish people: The peoples' ability is limited and therefore finding an agreement is much better. They need to have a bit of a rest having lived through three wars in 10 years with all the difficulties and human tragedies that have occurred", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey only want to live like human beings, secure and a bit settled. All that made us prefer intervention by the US army as we felt safer. If the negotiations succeed it will be a settlement of sorts as western interests also need it to save themselves\u2026 and we'll be grateful too. Then I can relax and carry on with my own personal life: My friend I ask your pardon if you're upset about these talks.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nfrom the old Penjwen (an old town destroyed by the Baathists)\n(14th June1991).\nANOTHER LETTER FROM KURDISTAN\nA) THE SITUATION IN IRAQ BEFORE THE INVASION OF KUWAIT\n1) Unemployment is everywhere in Iraq. Excepting food, all imported goods are very expensive. All Kurdish people born between 1945 and 72 are in the army.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n2) Political discontent and the construction of the left. Grouped along the Iranian border the nationalist opposition is caught up in internal disputes ignoring the everyday life of the people.\n3) Police brutality is at its height. No one could mention the opposition. To do so meant death and annihilation. k other words peoples' perspectives were restricted. They had no hope that the regime would be overthrown.\nB) THE SITUATION IN IRAQ AFTER THE INVASION OF KUWAIT", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n1) At the outset people liked it. They thought Saddam's regime would be overthrown this way. Now prices started to rise gradually to astonishing levels - for example, a 80 kg sack of flour rose to 1000 dinars in Basra, 800 dinars in Baghdad, 600 dinars in Mosel. [18] A sack of rice in the south rose 375-400 dinars while a bag of sugar cost somewhere between 350-400 dinars. Unemployment rose dramatically. Most cafes and factories were closed due to a shortage of the basic necessities.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n2) The government kept stepping up the pressure on people. Militarisation became increasingly predominant, tightening its grip on urban centres. At the same time the number of army deserters rose. But the government was still powerful and crushed any opposition.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n3) During this period the KF stood to one side. They even put a stop to peshmerga activity. One example -the best: the head of a unit and two peshmergas were arrested on a visit to Sullemania. PUK stated that they had averted a shoot-out but that the government had arrested a member of one of their units.\nC) THE GENERAL SITUAHON IN IRAQ DURING THE ALLIED ATTACK ON IRAQ.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe armed forces were moving towards the Iraqi border. There was a massive desertion of entire army divisions. The security forces were less active and confused. In Mosel, army bases and security services were moved into the houses of beat people. But as soon as they joined radio contact they were bombarded. That is why civilians disappeared. Most factories and places of importance were destroyed", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe retreating army took their rifles back home with them and many people were predicting that the government would be overthrown. But when a ceasefire was declared on 26th of February, 1991, people were unhappy about it -preparations for the uprisings hadn't progressed far enough", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe regime was weary and frightened and began to intimidate the people, wanting to prove to them that they had won the war because they had defiantly confronted some 30 countries - despite the incredible economic collapse, the destruction of Iraq and the killing of its people.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nwhen the army retreated from Kuwait on the 29/2/91, a tank entering Basra shoots at any surviving photos of Saddam destroying them. This was the first spark of the uprising in the south and it begins to get underway and gradually extends to other towns like Koot, Omura, Nasria, Samawa, Najaf, Kurbala and Hilla -until finally it reaches Mosaib", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut it was chaotic, religion being the dominating factor with everyone tying a green heart around their forehead pretending to be a Sayid [19] The government infiltrates it in order to find out who the activists are. Their slogan was \"Neither the East nor the West, but the Islamic Republic\". Allgovernment buildings and institutions were looted with the majority of the army joining in. But they couldn't organise it", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhen the south was retaken by government troops the most horrendous massacre took place and all public meeting places were destroyed. Even now as people return they are being detained in groups. When the government resumed its attacks on Southern Iraq it was easy to recapture it -showing how religion is incapable of seizing the rhythm of uprising and revolution.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhen the south exploded on the 29.2.91 it had a big effect on Kurdistan. In Kurdistan, armed units had been set up to initiate the uprising~ Every tendency wanted to set up their own armed unit. However, the armed units were independent. So it turned out Rania was liberated by the people on 5.3.91 and the Chwar-Korna division, the \" secondary internal security force\", surrendered to the people on 6/3/91 and therefore the Kawar Korna and Hasiawa receiving camps [20] were liberated", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe belonged to the insurrectionary units in Sullemania having fours armed units in Karaehawa, Azady (Khanwak Korakan), Majid Bug, and Sarachnar, each unit composed of about 30 people. But we were independent and we had several meetings with the \"March of Communism\", RAWT, with a view towards joint participation. They hesitated for three days. Finally they said they were not prepared to sacrifice the organisation for the sake of the people. The KF were set to hold a demo at 1pm on 7.3.91", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHowever, at 8 am that morning, we started moving. The entire city was liberated, except for the Akary security force that held out for a day. All Sulliemania was liberated by the 20.3.91. Hawlir was liberated in 3 hours on 10.3.91 and Kirkuk on the 20.3.91. The army, encamped nearby, came down and surrendered to the people. Then townspeople began to loot shops and government bnildings. It didn't just stop there: they also looted the contents of offices and factories", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnyone mobile enough to have a car could see that all the cities and towns of Kurdistan had been taken over with little or no resistance) with the exception of Sulliemania where there had been much resistance though unsuccessful.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn Sulliemania, days before the uprising, internal security forces had warned the government institutions and departments that anyone caught agitating would be executed and their homes destroyed. Also on 6.3.91 prior to the uprising the governor of Sulliemania had convened a meeting with the Mshtashars (formerly the Jash) warning them to have their troops on standby", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSo on the same evening at 5 pm the armed forces started carrying out the following manouevres: Doshkas (anti-aircraft guns) were placed at vantage positions. Mobile units and Modara (similar to tanks) were there in strategic places and some trucks, loaded with Doshkas and covered with sheets, prepared to move in on crowds and shoot. But to no avail because of the following reasons.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(1) No-one had any faith left in the regime and that meant that the regime had no-where to run to. And people were not prepared to sacrifice themselves for the regime.\n(2) The KF had previously notified the Mstashars through letters.\n(3) The internal security force was in an unbelievable mess.\n(4) The uprising in the south had raised the morale of the Kurdish people.\n(5) A general willingness to overthrow the regime was at its height. But a readiness to begin was lacking.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(6) The liberation of Rania had a pronounced effect on people's morale and also events in Sulliemania affected other places. That meant the liberation of one place after another, affecting everywhere else.\nOUR ROLE IN THE UPRISING.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAfter having set up armed units we commenced the uprising at 8 am. on 73.91. The Majid Bug unit was out on duty, so for a few hours there were 10 people with two hand grenades and a borrowed rifle. In the first three hours we occupied the Iscan police station, the crime prevention and traffic wardens building, the Inland Revenue, the martyr Osman intelligence wing, the law courts, the prison and the old Sara cop station. The university stores were destroyed and looted by the people", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSarchnar Party headquarters and those in Aboosana were taken as well as the police station and public militia in Khansa Khorakan from Karachawa towards Hasib Salli and Sara.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n8.3.91. Security headquarters have still not been occupied. We organise a march covering the entire city with eleven banners proclaiming the following.\n(1) Select for your representatives conscious and upright people.\n(2) Make the shora your base for the long term struggle.\n(3) Revolutionary people! the achievements of the revolution has been at the cost of your own blood. Don't waste it.\n(4) Class consciousness is the arm of liberation.\n(5) Revolutionary people set tip your own shoras.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(6) Long live the Shoras' Authority\n(7) Women are the arm of the revolution. They have a clear role to play (No obstructions must be put in the way of their participation)\n(8) Unconditional and unfettered political freedom.\n(9) Forward to the right of self-determination for the Kurdish people.\nWe also hung two banners from the hospital calling for blood donors and asking people not to loot.\n(10) Brothers and sisters: Your sons in the hospital are in need of blood. Who will volunteer to go to the hospital.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n(11) The hospital's medical store is a safe guard to revolutionaries and the injured. Anyone touching it would be considered a thief.\nWe also managed to get many people to give blood which we took to the hospital. On the 8th there were nearly 1000 wounded and in Sultiemania 300 had been massacred.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nUntil the 8th there was no PUK base. The Shoras's movement swiftly proclaimed itself, seizing the initiative The number of shoras increased rapidly until there were 54 district shoras altogether. There were workers' shoras also. (The City Council workers's shora, the textile workers' shora, the cigarette workers' shora, the chicken factory shora, the Hamoraby Company's shora, the power industry shora, Semini Company shora and the shora at the hospital).\nTHE ACTIVITY OF THE SHORAS", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n1) Every Shora had its own radio station which broadcast its own programme, its publications, poetry and activity and the wants of the local people.\n2) Every shora set up medical posts where blood could be donated to the hospital and be used to treat local people.\n3) Each shora had a number of committees dealing with the media, the militia, medical matters, administration, finance and general assistance and the law, as well as a committee for relations between the shoras and a foreign relations committee.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n4) The method of struggle is to be had in the shora's authority.\n5) The shoras organised meetings in localities and factories. But not all of them were able to hold a general meeting. More on this later.\n6) The building up of a militia for resistance purposes.\n7) The shoras elected to work on some public matters.\n8) On the 16th of March, 1991, the anniversary of the massacre of Halabja, the shoras incited the entire city even threatening the KF.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n9) On the 17th, a general meeting of all the shoras took place at the Majid Bug shora to elect a supreme shora covering the city.\n10) On the 18th, the KF called for the disbanding of the shoras.\n11) On the 18th, at 2pm, there was a general meeting of shora delegates. At 9 in the evening it was decided to condemn the 'KF declaration.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n12) On the morning of 19th, a meeting of shora delegates and the KF was held. At the same time a rumour spread around that shora delegates had been arrested and their activities curtailed. The shoras organised a demonstration in front of the KF's base. (the former Baathist \"Peoples' Culture House)\n13) On the 20th a march was organised against the KF's position which had called for the disbanding of the shoras.\nHOW THE CRISIS EMERGED BETWEEN THE KF AND THE SHORAS.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThere are lots of opinions about the crisis; each coming from a particular perspective or angle. Some blame RAWT, the March of Communism group, and some, a hard-line extremist group. Others say that they all thrived on the rivalries between themselves. The KF blames a political faction amongst them composed of anarchists and a group of teenagers", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt says that their language is utopian, that Kurdistan still hasn't been liberated and that if what they're saying is true then let them go and liberate Kirkuk and not occupy ourselves with all this big talk. Such views attempted to justify things to the KF's rank and file and some of the shoras.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHowever the crisis started as follows. In the beginning the shoras were a massive social movement gathering a huge force around themselves. All political tendencies, left and right, were directly trying to either control or manipulate this social movement for themselves or to liquidate it or take over", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut once it was acknowledged that this was an independent social force not belonging to any political organisation, the latter, feeling their interests threatened started directly opposing the shoras here and there. From the start the KF wanted to take over all the City's institutions and rebuild them", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIn that period the crisis was over political power which is why the shoras became the centre for class struggle which meant: womens' struggle, unemployment, free elections for representatives and the overall authority for the city's affairs etc...", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAt the time, the shoras struggle was against the bosses (the big directors, administrators) and the old administration which the workers had terribly bitter memories of. The KF, however, wanted to give the bosses back their jobs", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nFor example, in these places, (factories, offices), the bosses were insulted by the workers; sacked people such as Karim Osman, the boss of the City Council and bosses such as Aziz Kiloshnow of the cigarette factory, Khialid of the clothes factory, Khasm (electricity) and Mustapha Hagy of the Mamoraby company. Later on these people brought along with them KF peshmerga squads, proceeding to obstruct and prevent the general assemblies of the factory workers", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHere and there, Jamal Hawramy and (Kakimr) Haloy Aha Smell [21] even attacked some shoras and wanted to close them down. What they were doing in part was to spread poisonous propaganda against the shoras creating a threatening atmosphere of terror, This meant that the crisis was not an invention of any particular group or tendency but in itself had a realistic basis that would have come out sooner or later and which is a problem for us.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSome political tendencies (hard-line and extremist) wanted to confront the 'KF. For instance, the March of Communism group, RAWT, wanted to oppose the KF in order to sharpen the crisis within the shoras stating they would cut off any heavy hand daring to oppose the shoras. Extremist influence was equally on the move within the shoras. But there was another group active at the base at Awat calling themselves \"The Forward Movement of the Shoras Group\"", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nMore collaborationist, they wanted to minimise and nuance the shoras colours to a degree that the KF would find satisfactory, so that later they could dissolve the movement within the KF. Two days after the FT's declaration calling the shoras unauthorized, this tendency disbanded and closed the doors of the shora. They are still confused and don't know what to do. But the shoras' movement ignored the threats of the 'KF until the day the cities were retaken by the forces of the regime.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSOME INAPPROPRIATE METHODS WITHIN THE KF AND FROM THOSE OPPOSING THEM.\n1) A large part of the shora's movement didn't acknowledge the KF's social authority and thought everything should be carried out through the general assembly.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n2) Some of the slogans were provocative causing the peshmergas to re-entrench themselves instead of getting them to support things. They were saying \"disarm yourselves, bourgeois capitalists, from head to toe you are incapable of carrying things through. Whenever have bourgeois capitalists carried arms?\"", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n3) When the 'KF broadcast their declaration to attack the city of Kirkuk, on the same day the left were ironically organising a march against the KF. The outcome of this was not in the interest of the shoras.\nTHE NUMBER OF SHORAS\n52 shoras in Sulliemania City\n6 shoras in Kirkuk [22]\n42 shoras in Hawlir\nSome shoras in Rania and Nasro Bareeka.\nTHE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE UPRISING.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n1) The institutions of terror that the Baathist Party had strengthened and continually regenerated for 23 years broke down in a short space of time and there's no way they can be rebuilt again.\n2) It has made Kurdistan and Iraq into a political society. Everyone has become political, men, women and even young children of all classes. Class struggle is put on the agenda.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n3) The shoras's movement was the bright star of the uprising because it acknowledged itself as the bearer of the interests of the workers and exploited in the cities and villages. It didn't bargain away the achievements of the revolution; it was against any form of inequality, against nationalism, religion and social backwardness. It didn't want to cool down the uprising's heat-wave in the public heart despite all the inefficacy and lack of clarity.\nTHE WEAK POINTS OF THE UPRISING", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n1) The weakness of nationalism in holding back the tempo of the uprising.\na) The energy and enthusiasm in the people's heart was gradually cooled down bit by bit and the KF made poisonous propaganda proclaiming peshmerga forces are everything and the public could do nothing. And that's how they got the market going again with traders and street vendors. At the same time the KF went through houses taking back what the people had looted and selling it for themselves.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nb) People started complaining about these unwanted individuals who were the force which tried to crush the uprising before it happened and now today were in charge under the KF's leadership.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n2) The practical and serious activists of the uprising were not organised but were working from within the movement's heart. The leftists who've carried on looked at the movement from outside they weren't at the heart. But the activists weren't organised in another sense; lack of a communist political organisation\u2026 [23]\n3) Absence of a connection between the workers' socialism and the key-points of economical, social and political changes.\nBUILDING UP THE MILIIIIA'S RESISTANCE.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhen the forces of the regime resumed attacks on Kurdistan, the committee of shoras' delegates published a leaflet declaring resistance within Kurdistan; setting up training centres in every shora base, sending shora peshmerga [24] forces into battle even if the KF didn't officially recognise them. We sent two units into battle in Kalar for 10 days. We also sent a force to Kirkuk, a mainly symbolic act since the number of peshmerga was only about 80", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWe also gave a lift to 25 peshmerga of Kirkuk's October Shora unit. On that trip we spoke and agreed with the KF's leadership of military operations although practical relations remained the same. Via telex they contacted Masine Jalal and Masood Burzany for us and after two days we got a reply. As shoras we were about to have a meeting with the KF's political leadership but on the day we were to have the meeting the city was evacuated during the night and we missed out.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe Shoras' Movement and the form it took emerged from historical necessity in the uprising. It was forever expanding its influence in all different ways and increasingly publicised itself. The Shoras Movement was the ground on which to stiffen and sharpen social struggles and the political and ideological crisis. This ground let all social possibilities develop. Some people on the left wanted to take a softer line but that didn't work out", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnother tendency which was so passive that they were reformist and never active on the ground. When the KF declared the shoras to be illegitimate they retreated saying \"because the KF has reached the conclusion that the shoras have to be disbanded it's best not to leave them a faded shadow, passive to the point where the KF would be satisfied with them\". There was another tendency which was nationalistic. It said they didn't oppose the KF and they withdrew. There were also extreme leftists", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThey were prepared to confront the KF -even with arms whilst the majority were thinking about the future fate of the shoras and wanted in every conceivable way to protect the revolution's achievements and to gather as many people around their class interests as possible. But the Shoras Movement was unfortunately short-lived.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSLOGANS THAT WERE RAISED BY THE SHORAS MOVEMENT\n\u00b7 Unconditional political freedom\n\u00b7 Long live self-determination for the Kurdish nation.\n\u00b7 Revolutionary Public! Set up your own Shoras.\n\u00b7 Long live the 35 hour working week.\n\u00b7 Freedom, equality, workers' government - (RAWT)\n\u00b7 People should freely control their social economic and political destiny.\n\u00b7 Long live the Shoras' Authority.\n\u00b7 All power to the shoras.\n\u00b7 Long live the equal rights between men and women.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n\u00b7 Revolutionary women; organise your own independent unity.\n\u00b7 All administrative organs should be by way of (shora) elections.\n\u00b7 We, the workers and exploited, request a shoras' government and not parliamentary democracy.\n\u00b7 The invaders force must get out of Kurdistan.\n\u00b7 No rebuilding the oppressive security forces, neither police, intelligence services, Jash nor public militias.\n\u00b7 The criminals must be punished.\n\u00b7 Aid Kirkuk's and Toose's refugees. Help them [25]\n\u00b7 Bread, work freedom, shoras' government.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n\u00b7 The only alternative to the Baathist penal dictatorship is t\nhoras.\n\u00b7 Halabja, Budenan, = the Hiroshima's of Kurdistan [26]\n\u00b7 The shoras will heal the wounds of Kurdistan's exploited.\n\u00b7 Rise up, stand up and fight. Break the institutions of fear.\n\u00b7 The right of villagers to return.\n\u00b7 The people should be armed to ensure the shoras' authority.\n\u00b7 Freedom to strike and demonstrate.\n\u00b7 Freedom of speech, thought, opinion and organisation.\n\u00b7 For all democratic demands (political, economic and social).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nTHE LEVEL OF PUBLIC CONSCIOUSNESS\nThe public aren't conscious of its own interests to a sufficient degree for the following reasons:\nA) Starvation, poverty, high prices is an objective situation and the people cannot gather themselves together around their own interests. An everyday dog's life prevents them.\nB) The black dictatorship now without cover hasn't permitted the public to find their own self-practice.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nC) It's true the oppressive institutions were broken but the oppressive institutions built up in people's heads didn't dissolve within those few days and more time was needed.\nD) Nationalistic, religious and social backwardness were obstructing people's vision and prevented them from actively coining onto the (shoras) terrain.\nE) The social authority of the KF had its role to play on the public.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nF) The organised left was very weak and nearly dead. It didn't participate. Even though the shoras movement was immature and deficient, day by day it was taking great steps forward, distancing itself from all the forces which didn't express its interests.\nI will write to you giving details of these issues in following letters.\nGreetings.... To all friends and mates -greetings from all supporters and fans of the shoras movement.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHelp us, support us. Introduce us to Europe. Whatever way you can, one by one, in groups, help us, it doesn't matter about some differences of opinions amongst us.\nYou can alter some things on condition that it won't effect the core content. [27]\nShoras' Movement activist (14.6.91)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n1 There are 200 000 Turks living in Iraqi Kurdistan - descendants from the soldiers who decided to stay on from the days of the Ottoman Empire. Hostility between them and local Kurds is virtually non-existent, on the contrary, they tend to join in with the periodic Kurdish revolts", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe same goes for the Christian Assyrians (in a generally Moslem country), numbering about 100,000 - the original people of the area, whose ancestry goes back to the days of Nebuchadnezzar and have no connection with modern day Syria.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n3 One wonders if this had a knock-on effect on the trouble that had been breaking out inside Iran for some time. For example, the long and successful big teacher's strike in autumn 1990. And the oil, workers strike which spread from Abadan Oil Refinery to Esfahan and from there to other oil refineries throughout Iran, in the first 2 or 3 weeks of 1991. In Tehran workers at the oil refinery initially went on hunger strike, and then continued with a strike", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nTowards the middle of the strike a representative from the Ministry of Labour came to the refinery and called on the workers to return to work and to nominate a representative for talks. The workers responded by saying they had no representative and demanded that the Oil Minister or the Minister of Labour must come to talk with them.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n4 March had a special significance in Kurdish history. It's a national celebration. Fires are started not just to celebrate the beginning of spring , but also the legend of the killing of a particularly vicious tyrant - Zohak - by Kawa, a steel worker, centuries ago.March is the month when various recent events happened: 1970 - the granting of \"autonomy\" for Kurdistan; 1974 the napalming of Halabja and Kalaze; 1988 the chemical bombing of Halabja; and other events.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n5 In fact, thec Jash and the Peshmerga wear the same standard Kurdish yellow military uniform, in a way symbolic of the fact that they are so similar in defending the status quo.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n6 In the Iranian revolution shoras appeared all over the country. They were classic workers' councils In Iranian Kurdistan, Kurds set up shoras in most small factories, especially the many brick factories. And in the countryside Turkoman peasants set up their own shoras", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBut they were uneven - there seems to have been as many different instances of 'workers' Control as there are factories in Iran One of the main problems was that there was no generalised national, or even local, co-ordinating bodies Consequently, it was relatively easy for the fledgling Islamic State, united - for the moment at least - with private capitalists, to crush this developing autonomy and this real threat to both fundamentalism arid to capitalism.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n7 \"Heroic and faithful\" is the kind of language generally used when describing Rebels in the Arabic and adjacent areas of tile world. To western ears it sounds a bit wooden and Maoist but basically it means courageous people who stick by each other, ever ready to express practical solidarity -great guys and gals.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n8 'Simple Truth' was a face-saver for the greedy predatory Archers - with Mary Archer immediately after the Kurdish appeal trying to set up her own charity to bail out the filthy rich Lloyd's Names' gambling debts, with her being among the most prominent The rock concert was the latest in a long line of auto ma tic bourgeois reflexes in response to criticism of the horrors that arise out of their own actions", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nIt's no coincidence that it's forerunner, Live Aid, was launched at the same time as loads of people were giving money and gifts to the anti-State miners' strike in 1984. Some journalists made direct comparisons between giving to the deserving poor (starving Ethiopians) and giving to the undeserving poor (striking miners)", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThese collections for the miners, whilst having some of the defects of charity (insofar as they were often seen as substitutes for solidarity action, and were extremely unevenly distributed, sometimes lining the pockets of Trade Union bureaucrats) were also self-organised expressions of identification with a real movement of opposition", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nLoads of people up and down the country used the collections as a point of contact, a place where people talked about the news, what was happening in the strike and themselves. That's why the police often expropriated collection boxes and arrested people doing the collecting. No such luck with the Archers' \"Simple Bollocks\" concert - the collectors collected a packet with the help of cops of all varieties", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nSimple Truth' recognised the obvious 'moral defeat' for the coalition which the coalition's decision to let Saddam crush the uprising exposed for all the world to see, and tried to obscure and compensate for this to the West's advantage", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n'Operation Desert The Kurds' (as the superficial critics of Private Eye and Spitting Image called it) was meant to be exorcised by Archer & Co.'s Nice Image of the West: forget the horror of the war and the political hypocrisy - just sit back, watch and listen to the Fun and Musical Frolics on behalf of the starving Kurds", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBefore the concert Chris de Burgh, one of the organisers and performers, said \"We supported this Gulf War, 50 it's only right we should give something to the Kurds'; hoping by this charitable means - along with all supporters of the war - to be absolved not only of all responsibility for the massacres there but also to be patted on the back for giving with the left hand what had been machine-gunned with the right", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nMany people know that this is true, but say that none of this critique matters - all that's important is that lives are saved. Apart from the fact that this is hardly true, it ignores the fact that charity supports and is part of the whole system that starves and kills in the first place (e.g. Bob Geldof saying how vital it was to uphold the monarchy).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nBefore Live Aid, the tendency was for people to give money, but not make a song and dance out of it, with a lot of people even feeling a bit embarrassed about giving. But since Live Aid - which involved a big leap in the spectacularisation of Giving - the tendency has been to make a big moral thing about how much or often you give, people more and more feeling the need to wear their pure hearts on their designer sleeves", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nAnd of course, now the rich and famous become even more rich and famous through their apparent altruistic charitable efforts: for them, above all, charity begins at home. And the higher people are in the hierarchy, the cruder the hypocrisy", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nWhat could be more gross than BP's chair-man being kissed by Lenny Henry in front of millions of people watching him give a cheque for \u00a31,200,000 to Comic Relief, money not given away by BP but accrued from the sale of red noses at BP garages, just a few weeks after one of the biggest massacres in the 'Third World' fought to defend, amongst other things, oil companies like Br", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThis is not to contemptuously dismiss all those who give to charity - merely to point out that if they were genuinely concerned about saving lives they wouldn't just opt for the easy short-cut of money generosity, but would also subvert the brutal world that charity, and the system of which it is a part, depends on", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nUnfortunately, for most of those who cough up to these rackets, charity is simply an instant redemption for the 'sin' of being better off than someone lower down the international hierarchy, who are seen merely as victims to be pitied, not fellow proletarians in struggle with whom one can express practical solidarity", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n\"There's always someone worse off than yourself\" just keeps the international division of labour going: on the one hand, it provides 'solace' to those who remain passive before their own misery, on the other hand, it substitutes mutual recognition and a sense of responsibility for changing the world with mere guilt. Is it just coincidence that 'Simple Truth' arose in this country, the one country directly involved in the war which had such a pitiful opposition to it", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n? Isn't all the \u00a330m. given an attempt to be forgiven for having been so passive before this horror? Charity has become the all-forgiving Great Redeemer", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n9 That's what they think (Translator's note).\n10 RAWT; The March of Communism Group, which calls for such things as a 35 hour week which is pretty meaningless in Kurdistan where jobs are disappearing by the minute.\n11stushars; Official government term for Kurdish armed units in the Iraqi Army. The previous name Jash had to be replaced ~ it was too discredited.\n12 Osman; A Baathist Party building. Osman was a martyr to the Baathist cause.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n13 Named after respected Kurdish poet whose love poems and philosophy were an inspiration.\n14 Kanas: elite troops with high velocity rifles.\n15 The Baroo woods; woods that are used for fuel and the sap from the trees are used for flavouring.\n16 Newssherawan is the big boss of Komoli Marxist-leninist entryists into PUK and ironically responsible for killing many people opposed to the PUK.\n17 Area to the west of Sulliemania city. I've often had a good drink there (TN).", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n18The average wage was 150-220 dinars per month, so a sack of rice would have cost roughly twice the average monthly wage (TN).\n19 Sayid; A kind of religious title like MuIlah. They could be Sunni's but more likely Shia. Persecuted during the time of Haron-al-Rashid. In fact he killed all of them (TN).\n20eceiving camps; made up of easily constructed concrete buildings and used for those people transferred horn villages and snail towns destroyed by the Baathists.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n21 Nickname: the moustache. Haloy, meaning eagle, is a common flame like Victor. Aha, the fathers name. Smell moustache. (TN).\n22 Nothing was ever settled here There was continuous fighting between insurgents and Baathists forces.- (TN)\n23 Is this an ultra-leftist reflex? (TN).\n24 Peshmerga is also a general term meaning those who are prepared to fight to the last drop of blood.\n25 Toose: a small town near Kirkuk where a terrible atrocity took place during the uprising.", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n26 Budenan a town on the Turkish border where 8000 people were kidnapped in 1985\n27 No alterations have been made in the translation of this text.\nTHIS IS THE FIST OF HATRED. THE BOOT IS ON THE OTHER FOOT IN THE TORTURERS FACE. THE UPRISING OF THE EXPLOITED HOMELESS AND ITS OUTCOME IS TO BREAK DOWN THE RHYTHM OF WORLD CAPITAL\nASSISTANCE WITH TYPESETTING AND TRANSLATING BY WORKERS' INFO-RAG, DUBLIN CONNECTION\nProduced by B.M BLOB, London WC1N 3XX\nAnd B.M COMBUSTION, London WC1N 3XX\nOf related interest see:", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\n'Workers Scud'\n'10 days that shook Iraq'\n'The Daily Horror', Feb 1st 1991, available from B.M Combustion\n'Workers Councils in Iranian Factories', article in MERIP reports no.88, 1980.\nworkers councils\nBM Combustion\nBM Blob\nTen days that shook Iraq - inside information from an uprising, by Wildcat (UK)\nAn account of the uprisings in Southern Iraq and Kurdistan in 1990-91 which involved large numbers\u2026\n1991: The South Iraq and Kurdistan uprisings", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nThe history of the uprisings in Southern Iraq and Kurdistan in 1990-91 which involved large numbers of mutinous troops who had deserted during \u2026\nThe Kurdistan shoras resistance - Anarchist Federation\nShort article with patchy information about the movements of Shoras - workers' councils - in Kurdistan, 1990-91, after the first Gulf War.\n1990-1991: A Comrade's Testimony: A Journey to Iraq (includes leaflets from Kurdish areas)\nIraqi mass mutiny in the Gulf War, 1990-1991", "1991: The Kurdish Uprising\nHistory of the widespread desertion and mutiny in the Iraqi military which saw the rapid end of the occupation of Kuwait and the Gulf War of\u2026\n1990-1991: Resistance to the Gulf War\nAn account of the worldwide movement of resistance to the 1990-91 Gulf War. The resistance mainly took the form of strikes, marches, base\u2026"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.farmbrookfreepress.com/post/navalny-more

Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests

["Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nFarmbrook Free Press\nNavalny & More\nThe memories of a Moaning Alexei Navalny on an August the twentieth flight from Serbia to Russia are still fresh in many Russian\u2019s minds, as Navalny was arrested this week, after perceivably boldly flying back to his homeland and his immediate arrest.", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nNavalny is of course one of the most prominent opposition leaders to and very Anti-Putin and has historically not been on good terms with Putin and his government. Now as thousands flood the streets out of anger over Navalny\u2019s arrest and sentencing, and now Anti-Government, Anti-Corruption, and very Anti-Putin protesters are uniting and exercising their freedoms to protest like never seen in Russia\u2019s history", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nNavalny has become more and more prominent in the past years and has launched multiple investigations against Putin and his allies and he has made multiple documentaries and pieces which dive into the corruption of the Russian Government. As many of us know, he was poisoned and was treated in Germany, and following the poisoning, there was massive speculation over what hand Putin played in the poisoning. Following his coma, he had to go through months of recovery, re-learning basic skills", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nThis however, wan\u2019t the first time the Russian government had tried to prevent him from working in the opposition as there have been multiple times as he gained prominence where the Russian Government would levy criminal cases against him, widely proven to be untrue, however, when he was poisoned he was on probation, and was treated in Germany, and following the poisoning there was massive speculation over what hand Putin played in the poisoning", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nThis however, wan\u2019t the first time the Russian government had tried to prevent him from working in the opposition as there have been multiple times as he gained prominence where the Russian Government would levy criminal cases against him, widely proven to be untrue, however, when he was poisoned he was on probation, and in Russia you must appear once a month in a Moscow Court if you are on parole, and since he didn\u2019t, because he was in a coma, the Russian Government has justified their detainment of the politician.", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nDespite the fact that he was obviously targeted by the government, he made the decision and announced he would return to Russia. \u201cThis was an incredibly bold move when you consider the fact that the Russian Government were obviously going to take some form of action and whatever they did, it wouldn\u2019t be light\u201d, said the FFP\u2019s Russia Correspondent. \u201cThe scenes of his immediate arrest would of course raise anger, especially among the younger generations, which explains the protests we have seen\u201d.", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nNavalny upon arrival in Russia on January 17, was immediately apprehended by Russian Police and taken to a pre-trial detention center, under accusations of violation of Parole.Following his detainment, he was taken to what can most easily be described as a Kangaroo Court in a Police Office, which was of course not nearly in compliance with Russian Judicial laws, but is still valid", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nThe Russian Government is pushing for a Ten Year Sentence and he has already received a 2 and a \u00bd year sentence, which his defense team plans to appeal.", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nNavalny\u2019s team like Navalny himself weren\u2019t quite done yet, and published a documentary which explored Putin\u2019s corruption as well as supposed Money-laundering and massive criminal and fraudulent actions taken by Putin and members of his party. His team released a now trending documentary on the Russian Government\u2019s supposed corruption, called, \u201cPutin\u2019s Palace: History of World\u2019s Largest Bribe\u201d which is now causing even more unrest, much to Putin and his allies' disdain", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nThe arrest and the poisoning are seemingly enough, so a corruption documentary that gets millions and millions of views in Russia and across the world has poured gallons of petrol on the flames. \u201cThis is the perfect political move, it is like going from playing chess to playing checkers\u201d, said Nicholai Dimitirhof, an author on Russian Politics.International condemnation and protest has been seconded by the over 40,000 people who came out in protest in Russia", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nShockingly, a much more conservative, government supporting, rural areas, also came out in strong protest against Putin. Despite the protest the Russian government has refused to give an inch, rather, they have held firm in their Anti-Navalny position. It's a political move of genius on both sides, one because this will cause sympathy toward them and will strengthen their cause, the other because it silences the opponent", "Alexei Navalny: From Poisoning to Arrest - The Rise of Anti-Putin Protests\nAs scenes of Navalny making a heart with his hands while behind glass to a fearful wife become a much seen symbol of democracy in Russia, his work and opposition will only continue and will only grow in power."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://historycollection.com/hollywood-has-nothing-on-the-insanity-of-the-real-greek-myths/17/

"The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides"

["The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nFolklore/Mythology\nHollywood Has Nothing on the Insanity of the Real Greek Myths\nPrometheus brings fire, by Heinrich Friedrich Fuger. Wikimedia\n14. Zeus Was Super Angry at this Champion of Humanity", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nZeus eventually realized that he had been tricked by Prometheus to accept the bones and fat of animal sacrifices, instead of the more desirable meat. Peeved, his response was to take fire away from mankind, and wipe its secret from human minds. That way, humans would have to eat meat row, and shiver from the cold in the dark of night. To make his pettiness stick, the chief god prohibited anybody from letting humanity in on the secret of fire. Prometheus however defied Zeus", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHe stole fire from Mount Olympus, and smuggled it down to earth to share with mankind and help them survive life\u2019s struggles. When Zeus looked down from the heavens and saw the dark of night dispelled by the flicker of fires, he grew livid.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nTo vent his anger at mankind, Zeus sent Pandora down to earth with a box full of woes. When its lid was eventually removed, it unleashed upon the world all the evils that plague humanity. They included diseases, plagues, war, death, and the constant need for backbreaking labor to eke sustenance out of the earth. Only hope was left inside the box, to keep life bearable despite its sufferings. As for Prometheus, Zeus punished him by having him taken to the Caucasus Mountains, where he was chained to a rock", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThere, a giant eagle flew in every day to rip open his guts and feast upon his liver. The liver re-grew each night, and the eagle returned each day to repeat the process, as Prometheus was subjected to a perpetuity of torment by day, and nights full of dread of what the morrow would bring.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nIn Greek mythology, the Danaides were the fifty daughters of Danaus, king of Libya, and a main figure in the founding myth of the city state of Argos, in the Peloponnese. Danaus was the twin brother of the mythical King Aegyptus of Egypt, and the twins had some serious sibling rivalry going on. Aegyptus had fifty sons, and when he commanded that his twin\u2019s fifty daughters be married to his sons, Danaus declined. Instead, he loaded them in a boat, and oared by his daughters, fled across the sea to Argos", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe Argives were impressed by the arrival of fifty beauties rowing a boat, and even more so by their father, whom they made their king.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nDanaus\u2019 brother Aegyptus did not give up, however, and sent his fifty sons to Argos to claim their brides. To spare the local Argives from the ravages of war, Danaus reluctantly consented to marry his daughters to his twin\u2019s sons. Wedding plans were made, and Danaus arranged a feast for the event. However, before the wedding, Danaus gathered his daughters around him, and passed a dagger to each, with instructions to end their husbands\u2019 lives as soon as they were alone with them.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe Danaides\u2019 ceaseless chore, by John Singer Sargent. Boston Museum of Fine Arts\n12. The Red Wedding Has Nothing on This Wedding From Ancient Greek Mythology", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nTo disobey one\u2019s parents was a great sin in ancient Greece. So all of Danaus\u2019 daughters, except one who took pity on her new husband after he respected her desire to remain a virgin, took their spouses\u2019 lives on their wedding night. They then cut off their heads and buried them near a lake south of Argos. Danaus hauled the daughter who had had disobeyed him before a court, but her husband intervened and ended Danaus in the name of vengeance for his 49 brothers", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nAs to the 49 daughters who had obeyed and ended their husbands, they remarried, and chose new mates from the winners of a footrace. The gods however punished them by sending them to Tartarus, the ancient Greek mythology version of hell \u2013 an abyss where the wicked are subjected to suffering and torment. There, the 49 daughters were condemned to spend an eternity of ceaseless and hopeless labor, reminiscent of Sisyphus \u2013 see, below", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThey were to carry jugs of water to fill a bathtub to wash away their sins, but the bathtub could never be filled because it had a hole in the bottom.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nIn Greek mythology, Sisyphus was a king of Corinth, and the founder of the Isthmian Games \u2013 one of the ancient Greeks\u2019 four major games, which included the Olympics. Sisyphus was the wisest of all men, and a clever trickster who fathered the hero Odysseus, of Homer\u2019s Iliad and the Odyssey. Unfortunately, Sisyphus\u2019 cunning was combined with questionable ethics. That got him in trouble with the gods, especially with Zeus", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nSisyphus violated Xenia, the ancient Greeks\u2019 sacred laws of hospitality which protected travelers and guests. He executed some of his guests to demonstrate his ruthlessness. That angered Zeus, whose divine responsibilities included the promotion of Xenia.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nOn another occasion, Zeus kidnapped Aegina, daughter of the river god Asopus. When her father went looking of her, Sisyphus told him where to find his daughter. In exchange, he got Asopus to create a spring to flow into Sisyphus\u2019 city of Corinth. That snitching made Zeus angrier still. So he sent the god of death, Thanatos, to take Sisyphus and chain him in the underworld. Sisyphus however tricked Thanatos; he asked him how the chains worked, then chained that deity", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nWith Death chained, the mortally ill could no longer find release from their earthly sufferings, and no sacrifices could be made. The gods threatened Sisyphus with dire punishment if he did not free Thanatos, so he reluctantly did.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe mythology of Sisyphus had him pull off one more trick to cheat Death. He instructed his wife not to bury him or perform any of the sacred death rituals when he passed away, and to just throw his corpse out. She obeyed, and when Sisyphus arrived at the underworld, he begged Thanatos to allow him to return to earth to punish his wife for her \u201cimpiety\u201d. Death agreed, but once Sisyphus was back on earth, he jumped bail and went on the lam", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHe continued to live to a ripe old age, before he died a second time. That was when Sisyphus discovered he had been too clever by half, and too smart for his own good.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe gods were not happy that Sisyphus had showed them up and made them look like fools. They also took offense at his self-aggrandizing deceitfulness, and the hubris that made him think he was more cunning than Zeus. So they set out to make an example of him. The gods thought, with some reason, that few punishments are more terrible than an eternity of futile and hopeless labor. So they condemned Sisyphus to an eternity of rolling a huge boulder up a steep hill", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nSoon as Sisyphus got his boulder to the top of the hill, it rolled down the other side, and he had to go back down and collect his boulder to roll it up the hill once again.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nIxion, in Greek mythology, was a son of the war god Ares and a mortal woman, who became a king of the Lapiths tribe in Thessaly, in northern Greece. From early on, Ixion built up an infamous reputation as somebody who was mad, bad, and dangerous to know. Because of his misdeeds on earth \u2013 and up in the heavens as well \u2013 the gods condemned him to eternal torment. Ixion\u2019s first major trespass that offended the gods was against his father in law", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHe had promised his wife\u2019s sire a valuable present as a bride price \u2013 wealth paid by the groom to the parents of his bride. However, he reneged and failed to pay up after the marriage.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nSo the father-in-law seized some of Ixion\u2019s valuable horses as security for the promised bride price. Ixion pretended to shrug it off. Sometime later, he invited his father-in-law to a feast, and there, orchestrated his demise by shoving him into a bed of burning coals. That crime was particularly odious in Greek eyes because it violated Xenia \u2013 the laws of hospitality that governed the relationship between guests and hosts", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe breach of Xenia left Ixion defiled, shunned by fellow Greeks and unfit to live amidst men. Nobody was willing to perform the necessary religious rituals that would cleanse him of his guilt and restore him to good standing. So Ixion was forced to live in the wilderness as an outlaw. As you\u2019ll find out, things were about to get way worse for him.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nIxion attempt to seduce Hera, by Rubens. Louvre Museum\n8. Greek Mythology Shows That Hitting on a God\u2019s Wife Was Seriously Uncool", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nZeus took pity on Ixion. Although promotion of Xenia was part of the chief Olympian god\u2019s portfolio, he cleansed him of the defilement, and invited him to Mount Olympus, to dine at the table of the gods. However, when Ixion was introduced to Zeus\u2019 wife, Hera, he fell passionately in love and lusted after her. Behind Zeus\u2019 back, he started to hit on and pursue Hera. That was another big breach of Xenia: to lust after and pursue your host\u2019s wife was a major violation of a guest\u2019s obligations to his host", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nWhen Zeus heard, he couldn\u2019t believe that Ixion, whom he had rescued and cleansed of his guilt, then honored by hosting him in heaven, could be so ungrateful and brazen. So he made a cloud in the shape of Hera, and sent her Ixion\u2019s way to see what his guest would do. Sure enough, Ixion ravished the fake Hera \u2013 a union that ultimately produced the centaurs. According to Greek mythology, the astonished and livid Zeus expelled the ingrate from Olympus, and blasted his former guest with a thunderbolt", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHe then ordered the messenger god, Hermes, to seize Ixion and bind him to a wheel of fire, condemned to spin forever across the heavens.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nTo be Zeus\u2019 mistress was a tough row to hoe. The chief Olympian god\u2019s relentless pursuit, persistence, rough wooing, and refusal to take \u201cno\u201d for an answer, was bad enough. Worse for those who gave in to Zeus, or were forcibly taken by him, was that they then had to deal with his insanely jealous wife, Hera, and her crazy punishments. Punishments not of her philandering husband, but of his victims", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nLeto was Zeus\u2019 first mistress, and became the first to fall victim both to the chief god, who slaked his lust and abandoned her when she got pregnant, and then to the bonkers wrath of his wife.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nLeto and her two babes. Wikipedia.\nTo exacerbate the unfairness of it all, Leto had been Zeus\u2019 mistress before he married Hera. As such, the chief god had not even been cheating on his wife at the time. In Greek mythology, Leto was a Titan goddess whose beauty captivated Zeus, and she became his first and favorite lover. However, after Zeus impregnated Leto with twins, he abandoned her in order to marry his sister, Hera. That was not even close to the worse that happened to poor Leto.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHera and Zeus, by Antoine Coypel. Flickr\n6. In Greek Mythology, A Heavily Pregnant Leto Was Forced to Ceaselessly Wander the World", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nAlthough the chief Olympian god\u2019s affair with Leto and her resultant pregnancy had occurred before Hera\u2019s marriage to Zeus, the Queen of Heaven was still jealous of Leto. So Zeus\u2019 wife set out to turn the life of her hubby\u2019s ex into a living hell. First, Hera kicked the pregnant Leto out of Mount Olympus, so she was forced to wander the world amongst mortals. Then, when it was time to give birth, the Queen of Heaven saw to it that the childbirth was as miserable as could be, by prolonging Leto\u2019s labor.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHera decreed that Leto could not give birth on \u201cterra firma\u201d \u2013 the mainland or any island under the sun. She then sent emissaries to all cities and settlements, to forbid them to offer Leto shelter, food, or water. Leto was thus forced to continuously wander the earth, without a chance to settle down anywhere to give birth. Zeus\u2019 heavily pregnant ex crisscrossed the world for years while in labor, unable to find a resting place", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nShe eventually came across a barren island not connected to the ocean floor, which did not count as an \u201cisland\u201d by Hera\u2019s definition.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nLeto and the Lycian peasants, by Le Jeune, 1806, depicts peasants denying water to Leto and her newborn twins. Maicar\n5. Even for a Deity, Hera Might Have Gone Over the Top in Her Vindictiveness Towards Leto", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe barrenness of the island discovered by Leto also meant it had nothing to lose, and thus had nothing to fear from Hera if it defied her will. There, Leto finally gave birth to the gods Artemis and Apollo. Hera, now even more jealous of Leto after she gave birth to Zeus\u2019 children, sent a dragon to chase her and her newborns around. In their flight, they sought refuge in Lycia, whose peasants, on Hera\u2019s instructions, sought to prevent Leto and her infants from drinking water.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHulsman, Johann; Latona Transforming the Peasants into Frogs; The Fitzwilliam Museum; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/latona-transforming-the-peasants-into-frogs-4457", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nSo Leto turned them into frogs, before the infant Apollo eventually slew the dragon. Hera also sent the gigantic Titan Tityos to assault Leto. She was once again saved by her children, Apollo and Artemis, who ended their mother\u2019s would-be assailant. Hera eventually came to terms with the situation, accepted things as they were, and let Leto and her children be. Leto then went on to become a goddess of motherhood, with a divine portfolio that also included protection of the young.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nLycurgus of Thrace was a mythical king of the Edoni people in southern Thrace, and he had a beef with Dionysus, the Greek god of grapes and wine. According to Greek mythology, Lycurgus got drunk on wine and tried to forcibly slake his lust upon his own mother. When he sobered up and realized what he had almost done, he swore off the drink, became a teetotaler. He also enacted a version of Prohibition in his kingdom: he banned wine, and ordered the destruction of all grape vines throughout the realm", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nLycurgus also banned the religious cult of Dionysus, whom he refused to acknowledge as divine, and prohibited the worship of the grape god in his kingdom.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nDionysus was a god, and was thus not inclined to heed the dictates of a mortal, not even a mortal king. So when his disciples, the Maenads, threw a festival in honor of the wine god atop the sacred mountain of Nyseion in Lycurgus\u2019 kingdom, Dionysus took on human form and attended as the guest of honor. When Lycurgus heard that his command had been defied and that Dionysus was in his kingdom, he flew into a rage and rushed to Mount Nyseion to break up the party", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe madness of Lycurgus of Thrace, as depicted in a fourth century BC vase. Theoi\n3. In Greek Mythology, the God of Wine Was Not All Fun and Games", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nTo save himself from the livid Lycurgus, Dionysus in human form was forced to flee, and to escape the wrath of the angry king, leapt into the sea. There, Dionysus was rescued by the sea nymph Thetis, who kindly received the wine god and sheltered him in an undersea cave. In the meantime, Lycurgus conducted an anti-Dionysian purge throughout his kingdom. He carried out a persecution in which the Maenads and other followers of Dionysus were rounded up, arrested, and imprisoned", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nUnderstandably, Dionysus was greatly angered by Lycurgus disrespect and impiety. His divine punishment was take away the Thracian king\u2019s sanity, and reduce him to a raving loon.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nIn Greek mythology, a crazed Lycurgus slew his wife and family. He had ordered all grape vines cut down, and in a fit of insanity, the deranged monarch mistook his own son for a vine. He chopped him up with a sword, and pruned away his ears, nose, fingers and toes. Dionysus was still not done with him, however. The wine god laid a curse upon Lycurgus\u2019 kingdom, which rendered its soil barren and unable to produce fruit", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe desperate Edonians sought advice from an oracle, who informed them that fertility would not return to their land while Lycurgus was alive. So the Edonians seized their king, tied him up, and flung him to a man-eating horse, which tore Lycurgus to pieces.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe Ancient Greeks\u2019 worldview and mythology differed greatly from the orderly worldview of the major monotheistic religions, which worship an omniscient, omnipotent, and infallible God. The Ancient Greeks often saw their gods as arbitrary and capricious, and few myths depict that conception of the Olympians\u2019 arbitrariness and capriciousness as does the myth of Actaeon", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHis fate differs from that of those described in most entries in this article, mortal or immortal beings who did something to invite the wrath of the gods.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nIf those unfortunates did not actively invite the wrath of the gods, then they at least found themselves in a situation in which the wrath of a good was understandable, even if unjustified. Actaeon on the other hand, endured a divine punishment despite the fact that he had not done anything of his own volition that could have justified his fate. In Greek mythology, Actaeon was a famous Theban hero, who loved to hunt in the outback of his native region of Boeotia", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nThe demise of Actaeon, as depicted in an ancient Greek vase. Theoi\n1. Accidentally Seeing a Naked Goddess Was Bad News for This Mortal", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nChiron was a mythical creature with the lower body of a horse, and the torso and upper body of a human. He was notable in Greek mythology and legend for his youth-nurturing nature. He instilled in Actaeon a passion for the hunt that proved the Theban hero\u2019s undoing. One day, Actaeon was out hunting with his dogs in Boeotia. He unwittingly stumbled upon the chaste goddess Artemis \u2013 Diana to the Romans \u2013 while she was naked, bathing in a spring with some wood nymphs.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nActaeon stumbling upon Artemis. Deviant Art.\nAlthough the extent of Actaeon\u2019s sin, if it could even be called that, was to simply have had the misfortune of bumping into a naked goddess, Artemis was livid that a mortal saw her naked. So in her wrath, she turned him into a stag. The terrified Actaeon bounded into the woods, but his own dogs detected the scent of a stag. They failed to recognize their master in his new body, chased him down, and tore him to pieces.", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nBulfinch, Thomas \u2013 Bulfinch\u2019s Mythology (1998)\nCracked \u2013 Movies vs Ancient Mythology\nDalby, Andrew \u2013 The Story of Bacchus (2005)\nDictionary of Shakespeare\u2019s Classical Mythology \u2013 Ixion\nEncyclopedia Britannica \u2013 Cronus\nEncyclopedia Britannica \u2013 Ixion\nEncyclopedia Britannica \u2013 Tantalus\nEncyclopedia Mythica \u2013 Actaeon\nEncyclopedia Mythica \u2013 Lycurgus of Thrace\nEvslin, Bernard \u2013 Gods, Demigods and Demons: A Handbook of Greek Mythology (2006)\nFry, Stephen \u2013 Heroes: The Greek Myths Reimagined (2018)", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nFry, Stephen \u2013 Mythos: A Retelling of the Myths of Ancient Greece (2019)\nGantz, Timothy \u2013 Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources (1993)\nGenealogical Guide to Greek Mythology \u2013 Actaeon\nGraves, Robert \u2013 The Greek Myths (1992)\nGray, Louis Herbert, ed. \u2013 The Mythology of All Races, Volume 1: Greek and Roman (1916)\nGreek Mythology \u2013 Hercules: The Life of the Greek Hero\nGreek Mythology \u2013 Io\nGreeka \u2013 Io and Zeus\nGreeka \u2013 The Danaides", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nHarvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 13 (1902) \u2013 A Study of the Danaid Myth\nHistory Collection \u2013 Hollywood\u2019s Witch Hunt Created a Communist Blacklist for These Celebrities\nKeefer, Professor Julia, New York University \u2013 The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus\nMayor, Adrienne \u2013 The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women Across the Ancient World (2014)\nMythopedia \u2013 Leto\nPeabody, Josephine Preston, Tales Beyond Belief \u2013 The Myth of Niobe", "The Insanity of Real Greek Myths: From Prometheus to the Danaides\nScreen Rant \u2013 Disney\u2019s Hercules: 10 Things That Would be Different if the Movie Was Mythologically Accurate\nTheoi \u2013 Artemis Wrath\nTheoi \u2013 Kronos\nTheoi \u2013 The Titaness Leto\nWorld History Encyclopedia \u2013 Amazon Women\nWorld History Encyclopedia \u2013 Prometheus"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://hanga.com/bio.cfm?ID=25

Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii

["Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nCharles William Bartlett was one of the first artists to work with the publisher Watanabe Shozaburo. Bartlett designed a total of 38 woodblock prints for Watanabe, beginning in 1916 and lasting through 1925. Twenty-two of these prints were produced within the first year, many with the date 1916 carved into the key block. The first series of prints consisted of six Indian scenes plus a cover print of the Taj Mahal, and was followed by a series of six Japanese scenes", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nBartlett was born and raised in England. As a young man, he worked for several years in a large metallurgical company, before deciding to pursue an artistical career. At the age of twenty-three, he began studying art at the Royal Academy in London, and after three years proceeded to the Academie Julien in Paris. In 1889, he returned to England and married, but shortly afterwards his wife and infant son died in childbirth.", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nAs a result, Bartlett returned to Europe and spent a year travelling with his friend and fellow artist, Frank Brangwyn. His subject matter mainly consisted of peasant women and children, almost certainly in reaction to the death of his wife and child. Later he depicted landscapes and peasant life. Although skilled in both watercolor and oil painting, Bartlett was especially recognized for his watercolors, and it was his favorite medium", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nIn the following years, Bartlett returned to England and remarried (1898) and exhibited several oil paintings at prestigious galleries, including the Royal Academy and the Salon des Beaux Arts. He became interested in printmaking and created many etchings.", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nIn 1913, he and his wife departed for India for the purpose of sketching and painting the landscapes and the people. They planned to stay in Asia for several years and eventually travel around the world. Bartlett loved the vivid colors of India, and they spent a year and a half travelling through the country. Afterwards they visited Ceylon, Indonesia, and China briefly on their way to Japan, arriving in Tokyo in late 1915.", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nWhile they were living in Tokyo, Bartlett met the Austrian artist Fritz Capelari who arranged an introduction with the publisher Watanabe Shozaburo. Watanabe was very interested in translating Bartlett's watercolors into woodblock prints, and the two men arranged a collaboration. All of Bartlett's woodblock designs were carved and printed in the Watanabe print shop, under Watanabe's watchful supervision", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nThe resulting prints with their simple designs and flat areas of rich color were both modern and traditional. Miono Matsubara, for example, brings to mind the work of Hiroshige, especially the flat silhouette of Fuji and the stylised clouds.", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nBartlett and his wife Catherine left Japan for Hawaii in 1917, intending to stay a short while and then return to their native England. But the Bartletts soon fell in love with the lush scenery and the people, and they decided to settle in Honolulu. Charles stayed in close contact with Watanabe and designed sixteen other woodblock prints, including three Hawaiian subjects. He and his wife continued to travel frequently", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nDuring the 1920's and 1930's, Bartlett and his wife became active and prosperous members of the Hawaiian art community. His woodblock prints were very popular and sold from $15 to $30 per print, in a time where $15 was equivalent to a week's salary. Bartlett was also commissioned to paint portraits for wealthy Hawaiian families. Unfortunately, most of the blocks used to make Bartlett's woodblock prints were destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nHowever, Bartlett's correspondence with Watanabe indicates that several blocks were either repaired or recarved. Watanabe reprinted a few of Bartlett's designs in 1925, and perhaps continued throughout the 1920's.", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nIn 1928, Bartlett helped to found the Honolulu Printmakers group along with local artists A.S. Macleod, John Kelly, and Huc Luquiens. Still active today, this group aims to promote and spread the appreciation of prints. Since 1929 the Honolulu Printmakers have held an annual show at the Honolulu Academy of Arts. They also offer a gift print in conjunction with this show - a limited edition print by an outstanding member", "Charles William Bartlett: An Artist's Journey Through Southeast Asia, China, and Hawaii\nIn 1933, Bartlett was chosen to create the very first gift print, a color etching called 'Java'. This print depicts a Indonesian peasant family returning home after a day's work, against a background of rice paddies and palm trees. In 1939, the Honolulu Academy held a major exhibition of Bartlett's work with 63 paintings and prints. Bartlett died the following year at the age of eighty. After Bartlett's death in 1940, the remaining blocks for his prints were scored to prevent reprinting."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.teamhadventures.com/post/the-call-of-cthulhu

The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic

["The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nTHE CALL OF CTHULHU\nWritten in the summer of 1926, The Call of Cthulhu was first published in the pulp magazine Weird Tales in February 1928. It is the only story written by Lovecraft in which the extraterrestrial entity Cthulhu himself makes a major appearance. The story is written in a documentary style, with three independent narratives linked together by the device of a narrator discovering notes left by a deceased relative.", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nThe first seed of the story's first chapter The Horror in Clay came from one of Lovecraft's own dreams he had in 1919, which he described briefly in two different letters sent to his friend Rheinhart Kleiner on May 21 and December 14, 1920", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nIn the dream, Lovecraft is visiting an antiquity museum in Providence, attempting to convince the aged curator there to buy an odd bas-relief Lovecraft himself had sculpted, who initially scoffs at him for trying to sell something recently made to a museum of antique objects. Lovecraft then remembers himself answering the curator with the response", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\n\"Why do you say that this thing is new? The dreams of men are older than brooding Egypt or the contemplative Sphinx, or garden-girdled Babylon, and this was fashioned in my dreams.\"\nThis can be compared to what the character of Henry Anthony Wilcox tells the main character's uncle while showing him his sculpted bas-relief for help in reading hieroglyphs on it which came through Wilcox's own fantastical dreams:", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\n\"It is new, indeed, for I made it last night in a dream of strange cities; and dreams are older than brooding Tyre or the contemplative Sphinx, or garden-girdled Babylon.\"", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nLovecraft then used this for a brief synopsis of a new story outlined in his own Commonplace Book at first in August 1925, which developed organically out of the idea of what the bas-relief in the dream actually might have depicted. In a footnote for his writing down of his own dream, Lovecraft then finished with the suggestion \"Add good development & describe nature of bas-relief\" to himself for future reference.\nFLEUR-DE-LYS STUDIO\nDATE(S) VISITED: OCT 29, 2016\nLOCATION: PROVIDENCE, RI", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nHis card bore the name of Henry Anthony Wilcox, and my uncle had recognized him as the youngest son of an excellent family slightly known to him, who had latterly been studying sculpture at the Rhode Island School of Design and living alone at the Fleur-de-Lys Building near that institution. - HPL ~ The Call of Cthulhu\nWILLIAMS STREET", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nThe professor had been stricken whilst returning from the Newport boat; falling suddenly, as witnesses said, after having been jostled by a nautical-looking negro who had come from one of the queer dark courts on the precipitous hillside which formed a short cut from the waterfront to the deceased\u2018s home in Williams Street", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nPhysicians were unable to find any visible disorder, but concluded after perplexed debate that some obscure lesion of the heart, induced by the brisk ascent of so steep a hill by so elderly a man, was responsible for the end. At the time I saw no reason to dissent from this dictum, but latterly I am inclined to wonder\u2014and more than wonder. - HPL ~ The Call of Cthulhu", "The Call of Cthulhu - A Lovecraft Classic\nWATERMAN STREET\nOn March 23d, the manuscript continued, Wilcox failed to appear; and inquiries at his quarters revealed that he had been stricken with an obscure sort of fever and taken to the home of his family in Waterman Street. He had cried out in the night, arousing several other artists in the building, and had manifested since then only alternations of unconsciousness and delirium. - HPL ~ The Call of Cthulhu"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://ihl.enssib.fr/the-gentle-invasion

The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties

["The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe gentle invasion\nConf\u00e9rence prononc\u00e9e par Bernard M. Rosenthal \u00e0 la Columbia University School of Library Science en 1986 Bernard M. Rosenthal\nLire aussi l'introduction par Terry Belanger\nContinental emigr\u00e9 booksellers of the thirties and forties and their impact on the antiquarian booktrade in the United States\nI am honored to have been summoned all the way from California to give this lecture, which I dedicate with respect and affection to the memory of my friend Sol Malkin.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI was allowed to choose my own topic, and when I began researching some of my ideas, I was alarmed to see confirmed what I had suspected all along, namely that everything I could think of has already been said - at least three times, and by people far more qualified than I am - in the century-and-a-half between Dibdin and Rostenberg", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYet for this lecture I simply had to find something new and different, and that something would not only have to meet the rigorous standards of our no-nonsense academic host Terry Belanger (no cute booksellers' anecdotes for him!), but it would also have to be a fitting memorial to Sol Malkin, the foremost chronicler of the antiquarian booktrade in America during its formative years, a man without whose devotion and involvement our world would have been far, far duller", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThose of us whose careers, especially whose early careers, coincided with Sol's active years as editor of the AB, owe him an immense debt of gratitude.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSo at first, there was panic. But then came enlightenment. I found the proper topic: it's not austerely bibliographical, but we can call it \"para-bibliography or better still, what a librarian friend of mine likes to call \"light\" bibliography. After all, the recently miraculously born-again Bibliography Newsletter isn't strictly bibliography, either..", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSomething very important happened in the world of rare books in this country in the nineteen-thirties and -forties, something which, I think, changed this little world of ours dramatically, and permanently. This something was the exodus of the German and Austrian booksellers which followed the rise of Nazism in Europe. Since by far the largest number of these booksellers, and booksellers-to-be, settled in the United States, it is here that their impact has been most profound", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYet their story as a whole has not been told. I say \"as a whole\", because there have been a number of individual biographical sketches published here and there - some obituaries too, alas. And most members of this audience are familiar with a rather bulky autobiographical volume entitled A Rare Book Saga.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nLet me tell you how I went about gathering my information, other than that which was available from published sources: I am, myself, the son of one of these emigr\u00e9 booksellers, Erwin Rosenthal, so I lived quite a bit of the story firsthand; and through my father, and later on my own, I have personally met practically all of the dealers involved in this story", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI drew up a questionnaire with a dozen-or-so pertinent (and some impertinent) questions, and I sent it to all the persons, or their descendants and/or friends, who were on my list. I accompanied this with a request that any names I might have forgotten should be called to my attention", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe response was most gratifying - a mail advertiser's impossible dream: about 90%! Even more gratifying was the fact that not a single one of my respondents accused me of running a covert operation designed to elicit all their business secrets under the camouflage of preparing a lecture.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAs is inevitable when one starts on a project of this sort, original definitions proved inadequate: booksellers, like the antiquarian books they deal with, cannot be neatly categorized, and no matter how hard you try, it's impossible to fit them into a rigid statistical group - you'll always have at least one or two who don't fit. For example, I wanted to entitle my lecture \"The Jewish refugee booksellers from Germany and Austria, etc.\" But Mr. Salloch, Mr. Efron and Mr", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nGoldschmidt spoiled that one for me - Mr. Salloch because he's not Jewish (but, at least, he married a nice Jewish girl, so his credentials are impeccable), Mr. Efron because he was born in St. Petersburg, and Goldschmidt because he was born in Brussels. So that took care of the original title - the final title says \"continental,\" and I made it non-denominational..", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThen I thought I would include only those persons who were already active as booksellers in Europe before coming here, and I wanted them all to be here before Pearl Harbor (I remind the younger members in the audience that that was December 7th, 1941)", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nBut when the replies started coming in, I found that some of my most respected and successful colleagues had not been booksellers in their native countries, and I found others - booksellers - who wanted to come to the US but didn't make it until after the War, and others still who, even though they had managed to come before the War, had another occupation before they were able to realize their intention of going into the book business", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSol changed the dates, and instead of 194I I picked 1948 as the cut-off year. There were several reasons for this, one of them being that in 1949 I decided to become a bookseller, and I have sworn to myself to stay away from autobiography (in the course of this talk, however, there will be a few lapses...)", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYes, I'm sorry: the title on the announcement which you received and on the poster is wrong; in its final form, which it received long after the deadline for printing had passed, it reads The gentle invasion: continental emigr\u00e9 booksellers of the thirties and forties and their impact on the antiquarian book trade in the United States", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\n? I included only those who, in addition to prints and drawings, also had illustrated books. Alas, that forced me to exclude the one specialist who dealt exclusively in graphics, Richard Zinser of Stuttgart, who died about two years ago, aged almost 100. On first meeting him, one would hardly suspect that this somewhat uncouth and outspoken man with an almost comically heavy Schwabisch accent, was perhaps the greatest, most sensitive expert in his field. He never issued a catalog, he never had a shop", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nHe will probably soon be forgotten. Knowing the opinion he held of most collectors, colleagues and museum curators, I'm sure he wouldn't mind.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt's also clear to me that some persons must have escaped my dragnet, but I am hopeful that as a result of this talk, more information will be forthcoming.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI will not stand here this evening and reel off a series of capsule biographies with the names and dates of these dealers (many of them would deserve a lecture all for themselves). Rather, I will attempt to tell you, in general terms, the history of their arrival and their settling here, and of the effect they had on the world of rare books in this country.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nBut first, a bit of historical background. Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist Party came to power in Germany in early 1933. The party's doctrine included virulent anti-semitism, not just as a sideline, but as one of the central tenets of its platform. The first official manifestation came barely a month after Hitler took power, when a \"Boycott the Jews Day\" was proclaimed...", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI still remember that day when, by order of the new Nazi rulers, two huge swastika banners were draped over the fa\u00e7ade of my grandfather Jacques Rosenthal's patrician house in Munich, and the crudely-lettered word \"Jude\" was painted near the entrance of the book store, where a brownshirt was stationed", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt was precisely during this period, incidentally, that Sotheby's had arranged to exhibit a selection of Chester Beatty manuscripts on the premises of Jacques Rosenthal - not exactly a propitious time for this sort of thing. It should be recorded that a number of people who couldn't care less about manuscripts entered the shop, simply to shake hands and to express shock, amazement and shame", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI wish I knew their names they were part of that \"other Germany\" which never really died entirely; on the subject of that \"other Germany\" it should also be recorded that, while some booksellers undoubtedly took advantage of, and profited from, the distress of their Jewish colleagues (or partners, or employers) and actively hastened their ruin, a number of others gave whatever help they could: most could only stand helplessly by", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nBy 1935, the war against the Jews was codified at N\u00fcrnberg with the passage of legislation prohibiting Jews from holding office, teaching in schools and universities, practicing law, marrying (or even employing) gentiles and, in general, depriving them of all their civil rights. German troops marched into Austria in 1938, that country became part of Germany, and a few days later the N\u00fcrnberg laws were applied there too.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe exodus, only a trickle until then, began in earnest; and yet, in retrospect, it is easy to ask what took the German Jews so long to realize the true extent of the danger. The explanation is simple: emigration, even under the best of circumstances, is an unnatural, wrenching experience, a solution of last resort", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe choice of emigration becomes even more difficult when it involves breaking not only economic and social ties, but also the severing of a deep cultural attachment and identification of the kind the German Jews felt for their country", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt was the country, after all, in which since Moses Mendelssohn there had developed a political and social climate which allowed them unprecedented opportunities for participating in, and contributing to, the country's intellectual, artistic, scientific, professional and commercial life. The Jews fought in Germany's wars and proudly wore the iron crosses they had won for bravery and which, they thought, would render them immune from persecution", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAll were loyal Germans - some were outright and vocal nationalists. The German booksellers belonged to this sophisticated, emancipated and loyal class.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAnother factor: without exception, the people who came here were past the age of easy adaptability - the oldest was Emil Hirsch, 72: the youngest was Lucien Goldschmidt, 25. Most others were in their thirties or older. Only two had been in this country before", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nTo this must be added the fact that the Nazi laws were particularly fiendish in that, on the one hand, they made a normal existence impossible while at the same time they made emigration almost equally difficult - generally, permission to leave the country after about 1936 was obtainable only upon the surrender of one's entire possessions and the payment of a ruinous emigration tax. To sum it all up: I don't know how many of you have read the preface of the new STC: on p", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\n7 of the Introduction, Kitzi Pantzer explains the order in which the location of copies is arranged in the entries: first the English libraries then, after a semi-colon, the American ones. The way she puts it (tongue in cheek, perhaps?) is in the following, immortal sentence: \"In the entries, the Atlantic Ocean is represented by a semi-colon.\" I hope to have shown you that it was a lot more than a semi-colon then.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYet it is interesting to note that there seem to have been only two waves of what one may call intellectual immigration: the first one in the late 1840s when many political refugees from Europe sought asylum here (Carl Schurz is, of course, the most famous example: closer to our world was Hermann Ernst Ludewig, the bibliographer who was the subject of Michael Winship's Malkin Lecture here last year)", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe second occurred almost a century later, when the persecution of the Jews in Europe brought to these shores a large number of highly-educated people from the European continent, chiefly Germany, Austria and Italy. The antiquarian booksellers who made it to these shores were part of this much larger invasion of academics, artists, philosophers, scientists, doctors and other professionals, whose arrival profoundly affected the history and culture of this country", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nTiny as this band of refugee booksellers may be in the larger scheme of things (we are talking about less than thirty people!), it perfectly mirrors the larger picture.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nBy 1939, Germany and Austria had lost a large part of their established, internationally active and prominent antiquarian booksellers. We must bear in mind here that not all the Jewish booksellers managed to leave the country, and also that some firms continued to exist, after their owners had been forced to turn them over to non-Jewish ownership - a forced liquidation called \"Aryanization\"", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nLet me mention a few examples: Frankfurt lost Julius Baer, Bamberger & Wahrmann and Heinrich Eisemann; Berlin lost Martin Breslauer, Paul Gottschalk, Paul Graupe and Otto Haas; Julius Hess, Emil Hirsch and the various Rosenthals left Munich; Vienna lost Otto Ranschburg and William Schab, who were the soul of the firm Gilhofer & Ranschburg; the Antiquariat Ignaz Schwarz also ceased to exist", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYou may have missed a couple of well-known names in this list - that's because these gentlemen didn't really become famous until after they got here. Not everyone, by the way, came to the United States: they went to Scandinavia, France, Holland, Switzerland, England, Latin America, Palestine (now Israel), China and Canada. The largest number, I would say 60%, came to the United States, most of them settling in the New York area: the next-largest contingent, about 22%, ended up in England.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIn England, there already existed a substantial, world-renowned antiquarian book-trade, with its own long history and traditions, and with its own established trade organization, the ABA. The newcomers seem to have merged rather easily and effortlessly into the existing professional landscape, and they settled comfortably, without really making waves, among colleagues whom they had known for many years.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThings were quite different in America: for one thing, the people who went to England were already established booksellers, or sons of booksellers who fully intended to carry on the business of their fathers. But of the refugees who came to the United States, more than a third decided to become booksellers after they arrived here. And so we must really speak about two distinct groups: the pros and the pros-to-be", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nWhatever the distinctions, whatever the differences, they all had several things in common: with a single exception all were jewish (and that exception, Mr. Salloch, came because his wife was jewish). Without exception, they came because they had to, not because they wanted to. Their educational level was exceptionally high: most had at least the \"Abitur\", a high-school degree roughly equivalent, in the humanities, to two years of college or more", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nMore than a third had Ph.D.s! It is amusing to see a rather spectacular confirmation of the old adage that an early, thorough apprenticeship in the trade is easily the equivalent of a formal higher education: of the three who never got as far as the Abitur, one, Emil Offenbacher, was a high-school dropout (long before it became fashionable...); today he is surely one of the most scholarly and learned members of the trade", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAnother one, Emil Hirsch, founded the world-renowned firm in Munich and, after a long apprenticeship with Jacques Rosenthal, competed mightily with him. And Mary Rosenberg, who was practically born in her father's bookstore in F\u00fcrth and never had time to finish school, continued and increased the success of her father's firm after moving to New York", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThese immigrants had another common trait: none, I think, can claim to have been part of any \"poor, huddled masses\", and I have good reason to believe (although, I assure you, this was not part of my questionnaire) that none of them arrived here via steerage class. Their backgrounds, both cultural and economic, were definitely middle- and upper-middle class.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe antiquarian book world such as it existed in the United States at the time was, as far as I can piece it together, far different from the scene which these refugee booksellers had just left behind - even though, as I noted with some astonishment, a number of this country's \"Establishment\" booksellers had, themselves, been immigrants, albeit voluntary ones: Gabriel Wells from Hungary, Charles Grand from Russia, Fred Rosenstock from Austria, Charles Heartman, Weyhe, Charles Sessler and Harry Lubrecht from Germany, Arthur Swann (the long-time head of the book department of the Parke Bernet Galleries) from England", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe only thing the American trade had in common with Europe was that practically all the major, internationally active dealers were concentrated in a large metropolitan area: New York. So it is not surprising that most of the newcomers came to this city. New York offered other advantages, hardly believable in our day: prices were cheap by Berlin or Vienna standards, rents were low, and abundant space was available", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nNot only was it a far different world - even the very term \"antiquarian bookseller\" was not in general use here. \"Dealers in rare books\", or \"in old and rare books\" were the terms commonly used. Richard Wormser single-handedly coined and, in his inimitable tongue-in-cheek manner, stuck to the designation \"Uncommon Rare Books\"", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThere was no national or even local association - it wasn't founded until 1949 (that's another reason for my 1948 cut-off date), and it was only then, when it adopted the rather cumbersome name of \"Antiquarian Booksellers\" Association of America, Inc.\" that the term \"antiquarian bookseller\" was, so to speak, codified", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSo there's no question that the rare book world here was more unstructured and more free-wheeling than in the Europe these newcomers had left behind, and there was, of course, infinitely more elbow room here", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAlso, let's not forget that those who went to England soon had to put up with inconveniences, such as bombs falling on them, internment as enemy aliens (a chapter every bit as shameful, if not more so, than the internment of the Americans of Japanese ancestry in California after Pearl Harbor), or being drafted into the British Army. In the United States, after 194I, there were similar inconveniences; but at least we didn't have the bombs", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe draft, or work related to the war effort, interrupted the newly begun careers of a high percentage of my respondents. On the West Coast, German and Italian immigrants who had not yet received their American citizenship lived under curfew and travel restrictions.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe already-established continental booksellers found in the New York area colleagues and clients with whom they had been doing business for years - even decades; while the soon-to-be booksellers found themselves in a climate that was favorable to the establishment of a small, family-style enterprise: the country was just barely recovering from the Depression, jobs were extremely hard to find, and the job prospects for freshly-minted Ph.D.s with strong accents were poor...", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe first of the new arrivals were precisely in the class of the not-yet-but-soon-to-be booksellers: Marianne and William Salloch, December 1936; but they didn't become booksellers until 1939. The first \"real\" bookseller to open a shop here was Lucien Goldschmidt - but Lucien wasn't on his own at that time: he had been working at the firm of Pierre Beres in Paris for several years, and when he came to New York in 1937 it was to open a branch of that firm", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\n? It was Walter Schatzki, in December 1937. We couldn't wish for a more wonderful \"father\"! The last pre-Pearl Harbor arrival was my father, Erwin Rosenthal in 1941, and the last one to make it before my 1948 deadline was Ernest Gottlieb, who in that year decided to become an antiquarian bookseller. In this twelve-year period from 1936 to 1948, about twenty-three firms were established in this country", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSo it is quite obvious that the emigr\u00e9 booksellers changed the trade by sheer numbers - in the New York City area, I would say that they increased the number of firms by at least 20%, perhaps 30%. In 1953, the earliest year for which a membership directory of the ABAA was available to me, our group still accounted for about 8% of the membership nationwide, and about 18% in the New York area", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nBut the most lasting influence of these booksellers is not in their sheer number: it's in their expertise, their craftsmanship and what one might call the bibliographical consciousness which all of them brought to their trade. It's not that this approach had been unknown here, not at all", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nBut by and large I have the impression that, with some obvious exceptions (Lathrop Harper and Richard Wormser immediately come to mind) the antiquarian book business was a more provincial, relaxed, not to say happy-go-lucky affair here, and that the reference libraries left behind by the continental immigrants outweighed those of their American counterparts by ten to one", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYet one need not go so far as to agree with the jaundiced assessment of the irascible Herbert Reichner: when this recent arrival from Vienna interviewed a shy, eager young woman who had applied for the job of secretary - her name was Leona Rostenberg - he noticed with a great deal of surprise that she knew something about books. \"How amazing that you know anything about books\", he hissed, \"nobody in America really does\"", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe newcomers brought with them, as we have seen, an enviable baggage of humanistic education and learning. And those who didn't have a lot of learning had, at least, a great deal of respect for it. Their cataloging methods profoundly influenced the trade here, and they clearly parallel - once more the microcosm! - a kind of teutonization of scholarship which the refugee academics brought to this country's universities", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThose who had been booksellers in Europe had already applied this erudition - just look at their catalogs - and now they transferred these skills to the trade here in the US. Not only skills, but also continental books which had received relatively scant attention in this country until then - H. P. Kraus gives some amusing descriptions of going to auction sales in New York where the only buyers of continental books were he and his refugee colleagues, a kind of Austro-German mafia", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThose who became booksellers after their arrival were ideally suited to fit this scholarly framework. I give you an amazing statistic: of these nine, all had a Ph.D. or its equivalent - the proportion remains roughly the same if we include wives actively engaged in the business with their husbands. You'd think that people with Ph.D.s would have more sense than to go into the antiquarian book business...We shall come back to these Ph.D.s a little later.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nLet me talk first about the \"real\" booksellers. I said that some of them didn't bring only their expertise, but also books. How, you may ask, did anyone manage to bring books with them, given the harsh emigration laws", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\n? WeIl, some of them had seen the handwriting on the wall early enough and had emigrated before the laws were fully applied. Others managed to save part of their stock by enlisting the help of colleagues and collectors abroad: fictitious sales or on approval shipments were arranged, and these were nullified as soon as the bookseller followed in person. Other firms had branches abroad", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe booksellers who shipped their most valuable books out of Munich had additional help from an unlikely source: the person appointed by the government to process and oversee export applications and to prevent any hanky panky was Dr. Georg Karl (co-founder of the world renowned auction firm Karl & Faber, now Hartung & Karl). Dr", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nKarl had been a member of the Nazi party from its earliest beginnings, but he remained loyal to his friends and colleagues and, at no little risk to himself, tried to help as much as he could - so he closed both eyes and turned the other way. Those booksellers who were unable to bring their books with them received help from their colleagues, who would give them books on generous consignment terms", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nA striking but by no means unique example of this was Thomas Heller: he left Vienna for Paris and then crossed over to England, where he was promptly interned as an enemy alien, the victim of one of those \"inconveniences\" I was talking about earlier. Upon his release from camp, he contacted his colleague Clifford Maggs and, at the latter's suggestion, steeped himself in the study of the history of science, a field in which he was later to become a leading specialist", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nHe finally arrived in New York in early 1943, all but destitute, \"his only assets being\", in the words of my informant, \"his fianc\u00e9e who awaited him, an unusually comprehensive knowledge of historical science and medicine, and a trunkful of books on consignment from Maggs Bros\" (those of you who have had the privilege of knowing Clifford Maggs will recognize this as being vintage Clifford). Among the people supported by Lathrop Harper was Otto Ranschburg", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nYears later, this same Otto was to become director of the firm and managed, under very trying circumstances, to revitalize it - so here you have a case of an Austrian immigrant eventually heading one of this country's oldest and most \"Establishment\" firms. Others joined forces and pooled their meager resources: Hellmuth Wallach and Walter Schatzki, for instance, shared the same premises in the early days. Schab and Kraus pooled their (not-so-meager...) resources and quickly became a formidable team", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nEmil Offenbacher, who had left Germany in 1934 (he may have been a dropout, but he could read the handwriting on the wall a lot better than most:) and had established himself in Paris as \"Emil Offenbacher, Livres Anciens\", managed to get out just ahead of the German army and in 1941 transformed himself into \"Emil Offenbacher, Old and Rare Books\" on Madison Avenue, in association with another recent arrival, Erwin Rosenthal", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nEuropean connections were maintained even during the war - books could still be shipped from and to England and Switzerland, and even from and to China. Yet no one, I think, ever equalled the feat of Mr. William Schab who, from New York, managed to sell a Claude Lorrain drawing to the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre in Paris while France was under German occupation. Now there's a bookseller.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt is precisely this continental connection which quickly placed these \"real\" booksellers into the more sophisticated strata of the trade here, and soon many of them were part of the \"Big Leagues\", even though none of them could even remotely match the great books, the flamboyant style and the awesome power of the legendary Dr. Rosenbach (since then, however, one of the boys made it...). I think, by the way, that while the newcomers quickly established close ties with the local trade, they were awed by Dr", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nRosenbach - yet those who mustered the courage and had enough chutzpah to visit him were cordially received, and they marvelled at the low prices of some of the Doctor's continental books. Allow me to quote from Messrs. Wolf and Fleming's biography of Rosenbach (p. 5I4): \"Dealers such as the Austrian refugee H. P. Kraus found the Rosenbach shelves a mine and, as the need presented itself, carried off a nugget now and then\"", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI might add that, nowadays it's we who occasionally - well, very occasionally - find and carry off a nugget from that Austrian refugee's shelves...", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe continental connection, obviously greatly reduced during the war, was quickly reestablished once the war was over, and a number of these newly-minted American booksellers lost no time in going back to Europe on buying expeditions. I might add here that, after the war, there was relatively little rancor between the emigrants and the few of their German colleagues who had survived", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt took many years for the German trade to recover from the combined blood-letting of emigration, Nazism, war and destruction. The vacuum has been filled by a vigorous new generation (and now already a second generation) of booksellers and auctioneers, and after a very brief initial period of hesitation, there now exists a strong professional camaraderie between the Germans and their German-speaking American emigr\u00e9 colleagues", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe latter, as a matter of fact, are received with respect and, on the part of the younger German dealers, also with something akin to awe and curiosity, as representatives of, and a link to, another age, an age which is to most of them, thank God, incomprehensible.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAfter 1945 it also became possible for those who had tried unsuccessfully to come here earlier, finally to make it: in 1946 came Ludwig Gottschalk, who had managed to survive in Holland and to save the considerable stock of his uncle, Paul Gottschalk, who since 1939 had resided in New York", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIn 1947 arrived Kurt Schwartz, who has the honor of having taken the most circuitous route: he left Vienna in 1938, going first to Paris, then to London, and, no wishing to face the uncertain prospect of internment as an enemy alien, he accepted an appointment as Librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society in Shangai", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nWhen the Japanese occupiers closed down the society, Kurt and his fellow refugee, Heinz Heinemann, started the Western Arts Gallery Bookshop, which catered mainly to the many foreigners stranded in Shangai. In 1947 Kurt Schwartz finally made it to the US and settled in Los Angeles.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\n? Well, one of them had been an avid collector of books on chess. His Doctor of Jurisprudence was of no use to him here, so he began buying and selling chess books: he knew Russian (like any self-respecting chess freak, I suppose), so he started dabbling, and later dealing on a large scale, in Russian periodicals - that was Albert Buschke. Herbert Reichner had been a publisher in Vienna. Among his many distinguished publications was the Philobiblon, a sort of continental forerunner of the Book Collector", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSo when he had to choose a new career in New York, antiquarian bookselling offered him the opportunity of continuing to live in a world thoroughly familiar to him. George Efron, who had worked in his father's Berlin publishing firm, was encouraged by New York art-dealer and bookseller friends to go into the book business", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe Herr and Frau Doktor couples, the Bernetts (art historians) and the Sallochs (medievalists), had also worked for publishers, but soon decided to put their educational backgrounds and their (perhaps unsuspected) entrepreneurial skills into the book trade, to which they were attracted, like most of us, because it offers the opportunity of being independent - at least that's what we all think when we start... Between them, they've published almost 700 catalogs up to now: Others, like Mr. Heinmann and Mr", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nPhiebig, an engineer and a statistician respectively, found that their knowledge of languages applied to the book trade came in handier than their degrees, and they used their cosmopolitan backgrounds to supply things like out of print Arabic translations of Freud or street guides to Budapest", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nErnest Gottlieb in Los Angeles had been, among other things, publisher of the now much sought-after editions of German exile literature: his \"Pazifische Presse\" - Pacific Press - in Los Angeles published twelve titles and was, of course, a commercial failure. Mr. Gottlieb put to good use his love and knowledge of music and, with the help of the recently arrived Kurt Schwarz, established himself as a dealer in rare music - the first such specialist in this country", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIf I remember correctly, much of his stock was purchased from Otto Haas in London, himself a refugee from Germany who had come to England in 1936.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nSo by 1948, it had become impossible to tell the \"real\" booksellers from the \"soon-to-be\" booksellers - they had all become pros. They all eagerly, and effectively, collaborated in the establishment of the Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America, they joined bibliographical societies and bibliophile groups, and soon became part of the landscape.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe influence of the new booksellers was also felt in the specialties they brought with them. It's understandable that they stayed away, at first at least, from specialties thoroughly covered by the established trade, such as U.S.iana, American and English literature, STC books, autographs", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nInstead, they specialized in medieval manuscripts, early continental printed books, children's books, fine illustrated books of all periods, art books, fine bindings, history of medicine and science, bibliography, out-of-print scholarly books in the humanities - or more narrowly specialized fields such as Neo-Latin authors, medieval and Renaissance miniatures, early music. Of course, many of these specialties were already practiced here, but the new arrivals added quality, innovation and quantity..", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt should also be noted that this was a period when American academic libraries began to develop strong appetites in most of these fields, and a new crop of sophisticated librarians and collectors now found a readily accessible group of booksellers able to supply their needs and, when called upon, to give advice", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe books they wanted were no longer out of reach somewhere in Europe, or confined to the shelves of a few rather intimidating, or seemingly intimidating, establishments: and the expert dealers one previously visited in Munich, Frankfurt, Vienna or Berlin were now in mid-Manhattan or Los Angeles. European haute cuisine lunches and Sacher Torte were, alas, replaced by the ham and cheese sandwich.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nI can best illustrate the point by injecting a slightly off-color story: it was a matter of common knowledge that in World War II, American GIs in Europe were much drawn to the English and continental ladies (an attraction which was, happily, reciprocal). One GI, returning home after his discharge, was asked by his somewhat suspicious fianc\u00e9e: \"Tell me,\" she said, \"what did these European girls have that we don't have?\" \"Nothing,\" he answered, \"but they had it over there\"", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nApplied to the book trade, I would say that American collectors and buyers, formerly drawn irresistibly to Europe, now found it over here.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nAnother and very striking effect of the displacement of large quantities of antiquarian books to the United States, of this redistribution of sources, made itself felt after Europe (and Japan) recovered from the destruction of World War II: the century-old one-way flow of books from Europe to America began to be reversed. European libraries and bibliophiles could no longer depend solely on their local suppliers - they had to turn to the United States", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe trend, though not entirely reversed, was significantly altered. The first straw in the wind was, I believe, the Wilmerding sale in New York in 1950 and 1951, when European buyers attended the auction in large numbers and demonstrated considerable financial clout by outbidding their American colleagues. The newly prosperous libraries of Europe, now able to repatriate their national treasures, had to buy them here", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nJapanese collectors and libraries in search of incunabula, early continental books and scholarly reference books had to include America in their itineraries. The whole antiquarian book trade became realigned, and as a result it is now much healthier, and less lopsided. In all this, the continental immigrants played a key r\u00f4le.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThose same continental dealers who, while active in their native Germany or Austria, had been largely responsible for sustaining the flow of antiquarian books from Europe to the United States, now also furthered the reverse flow from the United States to Europe after World War II. Their backgrounds, their knowledge of European libraries and bibliophiles, combined with their newly acquired expertise in the American market made them ideally suited to deal with this new trend.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nWhen we speak of influence, our thoughts must naturally turn to catalogs: but we must bear in mind that, taken all by itself, the number of catalogs issued by a dealer is not a true indicator of that dealer's standing, size of stock, knowledge, or business activity. The output varies greatly - some dealers like Schatzki, for instance, published hardly any catalogs at all: others published them in a constant stream", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThe study of these catalogs is far too big a subject to be covered here, so I will confine myself to saying that, by and large, they did set a new standard of excellence. Perhaps, as I hinted before, they may on occasion strike us as a little ponderous, a bit too much on the \"we-must-educate-the-public\" side - that's what I meant by teutonization. But, let's face it, the public, then as now, needed to be educated: and those who don't - well, no one forces them to read these long, learned annotations..", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIt was an approach that all the emigr\u00e9s brought with them - the \"real\" booksellers had already practiced it with great success for years, even decades: and their soon-to-be colleagues were, as we have seen, ideally suited by temperament and education to follow this pattern.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nOne of the questions I asked my correspondents was whether their business would live after them. I found that only a handful will be continued, and only three or four by members of the family. But do not weep. I am often told - I hear it ad nauseam - that in our trade \"they don't make them like they used to\", or \"the good ones are all gone\". That's utter nonsense", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIf anything, they make them much better now than they used to, and we should be very pleased to see such a surprising number of young (and no longer quite so young) colleagues who are every bit as erudite and sophisticated as this older generation, if not more so", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nPerhaps this has to do with the fact that as the obvious great books, the ones that are so easy to de scribe (all you need is an appropriate citation from the Encyclopedia Britannica, Printing and the Mind of Man or other standard source) - as these disappear from the market, the less obvious ones get more attention, and they require a fresher approach and more original research. As Mr. Breslauer once remarked to me: \"Our books seem to get worse all the time, but our descriptions get better and better\"", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nThese newly-minted postwar booksellers are the real heirs of the continental immigrants, and I dare say that if we now have in this country a far larger proportion of learned, literate and cosmopolitan booksellers than ever before, it is because a generation ago, the Gentle invaders had set the example and prepared the ground.", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nIn closing, let me read to you the names of these people, these Gentle Invaders:\nIlse and Frederick Bernett\nAlbert Buschke\nGeorge Efron\nMarguerite and Lucien Goldschmidt\nErnest Gottlieb\nLudwig Gottschalk\nPaul Gottschalk\nGerda and William Heinmann\nThomas Heller\nEmil Hirsch\nHanni and Hans P. Kraus\nKurt Merlander\nEmil Offenbacher\nMarianne and Albert Phiebig\nOtto Ranschburg\nEdith and Herbert Reichner\nMary Rosenberg\nErwin Rosenthal\nMariane and William Salloch\nWilliam Schab\nWalter Schatzki\nKurt Schwarz", "The Gentle Invasion: Continental Emigre Booksellers of the Thirties and Forties\nHellmuth Wallach\nIf applause is due, it is due to them, not to me. Thank you.\nIntroduction by Terry Belanger\nIntroduction by Terry Belanger \u203a"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://makeitwork.hk/finding-motivation-through-family/

"Ah Shun's Journey: Finding Motivation and Support Through MakeItWork Centers"

["Ah Shun's Journey: Finding Motivation and Support Through MakeItWork Centers\nAh Shun, in his 30\u2019s, has to work to support his mother, who he lives with, as well as his wife, who lives in Mainland China. He was able to do so working as a chef in a Japanese restaurant in Central. However, the restaurant he worked at closed several months ago, cutting off his only source of stable income. Although he was able to find a new job shortly after, that job only lasted for a month. Feeling discouraged by the consecutive setbacks, he lost motivation to try and look for another job again.", "Ah Shun's Journey: Finding Motivation and Support Through MakeItWork Centers\nHis mother, a member at the Tsuen Wan MakeItWork (MIW) Center, encouraged him to join the centre as well, as she knew that apart from affordable lunches, he would also have access to free career assistance, training and job matchup opportunities which he needed. In the centre, MIW staff were able to help him set up a short-term plan so that he no longer felt lost and helpless; he has since rekindled his motivation to try and look for a new job, applying for positions other than a chef", "Ah Shun's Journey: Finding Motivation and Support Through MakeItWork Centers\nHe is now back on his feet, with the love and support that he received from everyone he met at the MIW Center. He wanted to share this story to encourage other people who might be in the same situation he was once in to come to the MIW Centers."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.hotrecentnews.com/news/five-arrests-in-raids-belgium/2435

Five arrests in raids Belgium

["Five arrests in raids Belgium\nHome / World / Five arrests in raids Belgium\nFive arrests in raids Belgium\n- In seven raids in Brussels and Li\u00e8ge, the Belgian police Monday morning, five people were arrested.\nIt reports the Belgian prosecutor. A spokesman says that they are heard at this time.\nAgents are five houses in Brussels and two in Li\u00e8ge.\nDuring a search of Sunday a sum of 26 000 euros were seized. Other items carried are still being investigated, said the prosecutor.", "Five arrests in raids Belgium\nIn total, since Sunday 21 people arrested during raids because of the terrorist threat in Belgium.\nIt is not yet managed to find the fugitive Salah Abdeslam. He is wanted for his involvement in the massacre in Paris. Sunday night there were rumors that he was in a BMW, who fled to Germany at high speed when he was arrested by the police. It was later revealed that the terror suspect was not in the car."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jan/20/global-warming-policy-foundation-donors?INTCMP=SRCH%5C%22

Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed

["Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nGlobal Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nAccounts show extent to which secretive thinktank is funded by anonymous donors rather than income from membership fees\nLord Lawson appears before the science and technology committee at a parliamentary inquiry into the leaked climate science emails from the University of East Anglia in March 2010. Photograph: PA\nLeo Hickman\nThu 20 Jan 2011 12.29 EST", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nA high-profile thinktank founded by the former chancellor Lord Lawson, which has been highly critical of climate scientists and action on global warming, appears to have attracted fewer than 100 members in its first year.", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nAccounts filed with the Charities Commission and Companies House in the last week show for the first time the extent to which the secretive Global Warming Policy Foundation, founded in November 2009, is funded by anonymous donors, compared with income from membership fees. Its total income for the period up to 31 July 2010 was \u00a3503,302, of which only \u00a38,168 came from membership contributions. The foundation charges a minimum annual membership fee of \u00a3100 .", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nThe accounts include a statement from Lawson in which he justifies why the foundation, which has called for increased transparency and scrutiny of climate scientists, refuses to reveal the identity of its donors: \"The soil we till is highly controversial, and anyone who puts their head above the parapet has to be prepared to endure a degree of public vilification. For that reason we offer all our donors the protection of anonymity.\"", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nLawson added that the foundation does not accept donations from the government, nor \"from the energy industry or from anyone with a significant interest in the energy industry\". When asked by the Guardian for clarification on what he specifically meant by the term \"significant\", Lawson declined to elaborate other than to say it is \"obviously a matter of judgment and common sense, and goes beyond mere numbers\"", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nHe added: \"The exercise of that judgment is a matter for me in the first instance, but it has to be approved by our eminent board of trustees.\"", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nThe foundation has been a vocal critic of climate scientists and climate policies since it launched on the eve of the Copenhagen climate summit in December 2009. Lawson's statement in the accounts says such timing was \"deliberate\", but that it was \"entirely fortuitous\" that it coincided with the unauthorised release of thousands of emails from climate scientists working at the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit.", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nThe foundation called for a public inquiry into the contents of the emails and Lawson later criticised climate scientists for \"fudging\" data when he gave testified before the science and technology select committee at a parliamentary inquiry last March. The scientists denied the accusation and a parliamentary inquiry later concluded that there was no evidence to challenge the \"scientific consensus\" that global warming is induced by human activities", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nThe accounts also reveal that the foundation's honorary treasurer is Sir James Spooner, a former director of Barclays and J Sainsbury. Asked by the Guardian if he was a donor, Spooner said: \"I'm a very small contributor \u2013 a four-figure number at the most.\" He added that the foundation received \"no money from companies whatsoever, nor from anybody anywhere near the energy industry in its broadest sense. The foundation is funded by individuals, foundations and trusts, but their identity is confidential\".", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nThis month, in a letter seen by the Guardian, Bob Ward, policy and communications director of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at London School of Economics and Political Science, wrote to the foundation criticising its website for being \"riddled\" with \"multiple serious errors\" about global temperature trends, citing a number of examples and inviting the foundation to urgently correct or explain them. Ward says he has yet to have received acknowledgement of his letter.", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nResponding to the publication of the foundation's accounts, Ward said: \"We can now see that the campaign conducted by the Global Warming Policy Foundation, which includes lobbying newspaper editors and MPs, is well-funded by money from secret donors. Its income suggests that it only has about 80 members, which means that it is a fringe group promoting the interests of a very small number of politically motivated campaigners.\"", "Global Warming Policy Foundation donor funding levels revealed\nHe continued: \"We do not know whether the foundation's secret donors have vested interests in its campaign, which involves disseminating inaccurate and misleading information to the public and media about climate change, such as trends in global temperatures. This is outright hypocrisy from a group that constantly accuses climate researchers of not being open enough.\"\nClimate science scepticism and denial\nThinktanks\nGreen politics"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://wcr.ab.ca/DesktopModules/SunBlog/Handlers/Print.aspx?id=4977

Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country

["Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nUkrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nPosted @ 12/11/2013 by Jay | Files in News\nCNS PHOTO | GLEB GARANICH, REUTERS\nA man shouts slogans during a Dec. 8 rally organized by supporters of the European Union integration at Independence Square in Central Kyiv, Ukraine.\nROME \u2013 When Ukrainian Catholic Bishop Borys Gudziak addressed the crowds in Kyiv's Independence Square Dec. 8, he focused on youth and told them they could change the country.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nThe U.S.-born bishop and former rector of the Ukrainian Catholic University in Lviv currently serves as the bishop for Ukrainian Catholics in France but was in Kyiv for a meeting of the synod of bishops of the Ukrainian Catholic Church.\nGudziak was not the only prelate at the large Dec. 8 demonstration. Retired Cardinal Lubomyr Husar, the 80-year-old former head of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, spoke from the main stage early in the morning.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nThe protest area includes a tent chapel where liturgy is celebrated, Gudziak said, and Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant clergy have been providing assistance to demonstrators.\n\"It's very much a spiritual movement, a movement of hearts and values,\" Gudziak told Catholic News Service Dec. 9.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nSpeaking by telephone from Kyiv, he said the protesters want \"a country where corruption doesn't reign, where a mother doesn't have to pay a bribe to get a doctor for her child, where students don't have to pay bribes to get into university.\"\nCorrupt politicians, he said, are getting rich, while the population gets poorer and more people emigrate in search of work.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nThe protests began in late November when Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich announced the end of a process to bring Ukraine closer economically and legally to the European Union.\nThe students had seen the move toward Europe as a sign of \"hope that things would change, that the rule of law would be instituted,\" Gudziak said.\n\"The reneging on the promises he had been making for two years was an incredible betrayal,\" the bishop said.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nThe demonstrations grew in strength after a police crackdown Nov. 30 left dozens of people injured.\nCNS PHOTO | MAKS LEVIN, REUTERS\nPeople surround a statue of Soviet state founder Vladimir Lenin, which was toppled by protesters during a Dec. 8 rally organized by the European Union integration in Kyiv, Ukraine.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\n\"The wanton violence \u2013 with no apologies, no one fired or even suspended, no sanctions\" \u2013 made Ukrainians believe they had to act, Gudziak said. The police action \"gave new life to a protest movement that was fizzling.\"\nAs the bishop spoke, he said police were beginning to circle the area around the demonstrations, leading to fears of a new violent crackdown.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nThe BBC reported Dec. 10 that police were dismantling barricades raised by the protesters near government buildings. The opposition Fatherland Party claimed security forces had entered its offices and seized computer equipment, shutting down the party's website.\nMany of the protesters believed Yanukovich withdrew from the European Union association agreement in preparation for a new trade agreement with Russia. In reaction, some protesters toppled a statue of Vladimir Lenin in central Kyiv.", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\n'SHE WILL RISE AGAIN'\nAt the Dec. 8 rally, Gudziak read the story of the healing of Jairus' daughter from Luke 8. The passage, he said, \"tells of people who were suspicious, cynical or afraid\" and Jesus tells them, \"Don't be afraid, she will rise again.\"\nThe bishop encouraged the protesters to continue their peaceful demonstration: \"I told them the whole world is watching you with admiration: your smiles, your dedication, your fortitude in the cold, your determination, your songs.\"", "Ukrainian bishop offers hope for changing his country\nHe said he told them that with peaceful protests, Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi and the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. were able to change entire continents, and \"you can change the country.\""]

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0.0], [1894, 2003, 0.0], [2003, 2103, 0.0], [2103, 2135, 0.0], [2135, 2316, 0.0], [2316, 2536, 0.0], [2536, 2678, 0.0], [2678, 2941, 0.0], [2941, 3174, 0.0], [3174, 3196, 0.0], [3196, 3429, 0.0], [3429, 3661, 0.0], [3661, 3850, 0.0]], \"rps_lines_uppercase_letter_fraction\": [[0, 54, 0.01851852], [54, 97, 0.09302326], [97, 132, 0.77142857], [132, 282, 0.06], [282, 458, 0.07954545], [458, 695, 0.05907173], [695, 905, 0.04285714], [905, 1082, 0.02824859], [1082, 1197, 0.05217391], [1197, 1440, 0.00823045], [1440, 1565, 0.008], [1565, 1747, 0.04945055], [1747, 1894, 0.02040816], [1894, 2003, 0.00917431], [2003, 2103, 0.02], [2103, 2135, 0.75], [2135, 2316, 0.04972376], [2316, 2536, 0.01818182], [2536, 2678, 0.00704225], [2678, 2941, 0.03041825], [2941, 3174, 0.03862661], [3174, 3196, 0.72727273], [3196, 3429, 0.03433476], [3429, 3661, 0.00862069], [3661, 3850, 0.05291005]], \"rps_doc_ml_palm_score\": [[0, 3850, 0.97207558]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikipedia_score\": [[0, 3850, null]], \"rps_doc_ml_wikiref_score\": [[0, 3850, 0.98825246]], \"rps_doc_books_importance\": [[0, 3850, 43.77263708]], \"rps_doc_openwebtext_importance\": [[0, 3850, 106.14699678]], \"rps_doc_wikipedia_importance\": [[0, 3850, 68.25522022]], \"rps_doc_num_sentences\": [[0, 3850, 37.0]]}"}

RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.gregorioscollege.org/logo-core-values/

The Gregorios College Logo: Symbolism and Core Values

["The Gregorios College Logo: Symbolism and Core Values\nThe College Logo is composed of a diptych partitioned in the middle by a cross in the Orthodox Christian tradition. The ancient crucifix is one of the popular religious and cultural symbols of the St. Thomas (Nasrani) community of Kerala, and comprises three cloves at each end, representing the Holy Trinity. The central portion of the crucifix features a circular icon bearing the likeness of Saint Gregorios of Parumala, the visionary patron saint of the institution", "The Gregorios College Logo: Symbolism and Core Values\nThe inspiring life lessons imparted by Saint Gregorios, such as piety, social upliftment through a secular education, and service to fellow man regardless of religion, caste and creed, continue to guide all endeavours of the institution. The icon is encircled by the name of the institution. The left panel of the diptych depicts an open book: a universal symbol for learning and wisdom. The right of the diptych shows the rising sun", "The Gregorios College Logo: Symbolism and Core Values\nThis image encapsulates the hope of a better, more promising future that can be made possible only by an enlightened and educated citizenry. The institution\u2019s motto \u2013 Study, Serve and Sanctify in God \u2013 is inscribed at the bottom of the logo. The motto clearly conveys our most dearly cherished values: namely, to cultivate a life-long love for learning, to use the knowledge thus gleaned for the service of humanity, and to dedicate all efforts for the glory of God."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Florida/_Texts/FHSQ/3/2/Floridas_Great_Seal*.html

Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis

["Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nThis webpage reproduces an article in the\nPublications of the Florida Historical Society\nVol. 3 No. 2 (Oct. 1924), pp16\u201119\nThe text is in the public domain.\nThis page has been carefully proofread\nand I believe it to be free of errors.\nIf you find a mistake though,\nplease let me know!\np16 Florida's Great Seal\nIts Historical Inaccuracies\nBy T. Frederick Davis\n(Author of History of Jacksonville, etc.)", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nSince Florida became a possession of the United States there have been in use at different times at least four official seals \u2014 two in the Territorial days and two after it became a State.\nThe first State coat-of\u2011arms was authorized by the Legislature in 1847. The circumstances surrounding the selection of the design are not known, but the idea evidently was to display the extensive coast line of the State and the waterways within its bounds.\nSeal of 1847", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nThe design had much to commend it. It was not overburdened with detail; the impress was plain; and in the absence of lettering even a school child recognized it at once as the geographical outline of Florida.\u200ba This was the official seal of the State until 1868, with it was discarded by a Legislature composed principally of people who had not even a bona fide residence here", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nTherefore it is not surprising that the seal they provided p17 in its place, our present seal, should have historical inaccuracies, one of which is positively ridiculous.", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nOn August 6, 1868, the Florida Legislature passed a resolution that abolished the old State seal and provided for a new one as follows:\n\"The size of an American silver dollar, having in the center thereof a view of the sun's rays, over a highland, in the distance a cocoa tree, a steamboat on water, and an Indian female scattering flowers in the foreground.\"\nPresent Seal of Florida", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\np18 The actual designer of the seal is unknown, but an analysis of his product makes it plain that he had no more ability in interpreting the provisions of the resolution than the Legislature had in furnishing him historical material to work on.\nThe Mountain Peaks", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nThe view is that of a steamboat coming in from the east,\u200bb with a series of peaks in the distance. The water is plainly a river, with the highland on the north side, a circumstance favorable to the St. Johns River and Fort George Island, where the highest natural elevation on the Atlantic coast south of the New Jersey highlands exists \u2014 Mount Cornelia. But there are no mountain peaks on Fort George Island like those in the seal, nor are there any in Florida.\nYo\u2011ho\u2011e\u2011he instead of Flowers", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nSteamboats did not enter Florida's waters until after it became an American possession. The Seminoles never were friendly to the white Americans and they were especially hostile at that time (about 1830) when the first steamboat came this way. They had not forgotten the raid of Andrew Jackson upon them in West Florida just a few years before, at which time they were severely punished and their villages destroyed; and they were even now being driven southward farther and farther from their haunts and homes", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nYet the Florida seal shows an Indian of that period welcoming the arrival of the steamboat, signifying the progress of the white man, in the most sentimental fashion. An Indian's nature did not change over night and we may rest assured that the Florida Indians did not celebrate the event by scattering flowers, but, instead, found it difficult to suppress the \"Yo\u2011ho\u2011e\u2011he,\" the war whoop of the Seminoles.", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\np19 An Unclassified Savage\nThe Seminole Indians did not wear the head-dress illustrated in our seal. It was characteristic of tribes farther north and those of the West, and it was an insignia of distinction for the head-men and warriors exclusives. Their women did not wear it.\nWhen the 1868 artist put the crown of eagles' feathers on his Indian female he presented Florida with an unclassified savage having the head of a warrior and the body of a squaw.\nFlorida is entitled to a new coat-of\u2011arms.\u200bc", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nThayer's Notes:\na The gentle reader will notice that in the SW or Caribbean quadrant, taking advantage of the empty space afforded by the crook in the outline of Florida, there is much detail, which upon examination reveals pretty much the same scene as in the later seal: tall trees and what appears to be an Indian waving in greeting at a boat.", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nb So our author; but the boat is coming in from the south, or at best, if the scene is in high summer, from the southeast; the highland is on the east (or northeast) side.", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nc Florida did not get one, and is still limping along on this overburdened piece of scenery, although a couple of fixes have been made along the lines suggested by our author, but also some tweaks for other reasons", "Florida's Great Seal: Its Historical Inaccuracies - T. Frederick Davis\nThe newest seal (1985, still current in 2010) is shown and explained at NetState; yet curious and sentimental though it may be, the design reflects a historical reality of the pioneer period, with its aspirations expressed by the intertwined ideas of the Noble Savage and Manifest Destiny: to those of us attached to preserving our history, its replacement would be a loss."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.gouffredepadirac.com/en/deepen/130-years-history

The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends

["The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nWe know how much popular legends have enriched the history of France. The Gouffre de Padirac is no exception in the lands of the old province of Quercy...\nThere is nothing more troubling than this hole in the surface of the earth, and there is nothing like it to let the imagination respond to this troubling enigma, to which people ascribed mystic powers and terrifying names: Devil? Treasure? The trace of a divine gesture? All those suppositions and more have been called forth.", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nThe most well-rooted of them includes one that was told by a great many people in the Lot Department, the tale of flames emerging from the Gouffre to defend a treasure hidden by the English at the end of the Hundred Years' War.", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nAnother legend speaks of Lucifer who, in defiance of Saint Martin, is said to have created the Gouffre with a swipe of a talon. He asked the saint to cross the abyss in exchange for the souls of condemned peasants that he was getting ready to lead into Hell... a fateful exchange that pushed Saint Martin, guided by his faith, to spur on his mule to jump across the Gouffre! That tremendous leap , it is said, left the imprint of the animal's hoof in the rock, still visible today.", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nDefeated and humbled, the Devil then disappeared forever into the depths of the Gouffre...\nE.A. MARTEL\nSpeleologist - Geologist - Arch\u00e6ologist\nDiscoverer of the Rivi\u00e8re Souterraine of Padirac\nBut more was needed to impress \u00c9douard-Alfred Martel. Taking no notice of legends, he decided to go further with the adventure and set in motion that daring exploration.\nAN AMBITIOUS PROJECT", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nAn expedition of the type planned by \u00c9douard-Alfred Martel is not a day out in the country. It calls for thorough consideration as well as generous funding for optimum levels of safety and information-seeking, for that exploration obviously had a scientific focus.\nTHE RESOURCES NEEDED TO ADVANCE", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\n\u00c9douard-Alfred Martel certainly lacked money to implement his project, the objective of which was to make this fantastic place accessible to the public. That is how it is with great passions, which come alive only when they are shared.\nAND THE OPPORTUNITY TO TURN A DREAM INTO REALITY!\nAnd just as if a star had shone upon \u00c9douard-Alfred Martel, Providence came to his aid just when he most needed it\u2026", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nHere is the tale: our enthusiast was in Paris, in a carriage that was carrying him along the cobbled streets. At the end of the ride, he left the carriage and saw, just as it was disappearing into the distance, that he had left in it his bag containing the maps of the Gouffre and his plan to open it to the public.", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nThe next passenger was George Beamish, heir to the Irish brewing family of the same name. He found the bag, opened it, and marvelled at discovering \u00c9douard-Alfred Martel's mad project. He immediately fell under its spell, found \u00c9douard-Alfred Martel, contacted him, and decided to accompany him.\nThe great adventure of the Gouffre de Padirac could at last get under way!\n\u201cThe reality has gone beyond the dreams of my imagination\u2026\u201d\n\u00c9douard-Alfred Martel, discoverer of the Gouffre de Padirac", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nA LONG PERIOD OF IMPLEMENTATION WORK\nThere followed long months given over to thinking, designing, carrying out works, and laying out the venue. On 1 November 1898, the first visitors began their descent into the Gouffre!\nThe official inauguration was held on 10 April 1899 in the presence of several personalities.\nOne year later, the Paris Universal Exhibition enhanced the fame of the Gouffre de Padirac.\nAN INTER-GENERATIONAL PASSION", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nThe greatest passions are those that are shared\u2026 and when they are the outcome of being handed down within a family, they are doubtless even more precious.\nWe need to look further back, look at the Parisian carriage carrying George Beamish, the great-great-grandfather of L\u00e6titia de M\u00e9nibus, who is today at the head of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Exploitation du Gouffre de Padirac", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nAs part of this objective to highlight the cultural value of this unique natural underground monument, L\u00e6titia de M\u00e9nibus channels all her energy into organising and managing the Gouffre de Padirac site, with the objective of making it a European benchmark in the world of grottoes and chasms. A project to redesign the architecture and landscaping of the reception facilities was recently launched", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nMoreover, L\u00e6titia de M\u00e9nibus is actively committed to showcasing and developing tourism in the region. Since 2015, she has been the Chairperson of the Association Touristic Vall\u00e9e(s) Lot et Dordogne (TVLD), which represents 275 tourism service providers. It was set up at the initiative of tourism companies in Lot Department, with encouragement from Lot Department Chamber of Commerce and Industry.\nAMBITION REWARDED WITH SUCCESS", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nVisitor numbers rose from 6,000 in 1899 to almost 104,000 in 1947 and 485,000 in 2018.\nSince then, the Gouffre de Padirac has never lost its appeal. Over 24 million visitors have descended into the abyss to view the splendours patiently sculpted by drops of water over millennia. They have been delighted, and even now, they wonder at the incredible daring that guided \u00c9douard-Alfred Martel to the majestic heart of the earth.\n2019 : L\u2019ANN\u00c9E ANNIVERSAIRE", "The Gouffre de Padirac: A 130-Year History of Exploration and Legends\nEnsemble, c\u00e9l\u00e9brons le 130\u00e8me anniversaire de la d\u00e9couverte de ce site hors du commun !\nAvec ce souci constant de mettre en lumi\u00e8re le patrimoine culturel li\u00e9 \u00e0 ce monument naturel souterrain, cette ann\u00e9e anniversaire sera rythm\u00e9e par des \u00e9v\u00e9nements in\u00e9dits qui s'inscriront dans le cadre d'une programmation culturelle et festive, initi\u00e9e en 2012 par l'exposition de l'artiste-sculpteur Isabelle Thiltg\u00e8s et diff\u00e9rents repr\u00e9sentations musicales, dont celles du choeur Mikrokosmos en 2015 & 2018."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.kennedysandking.com/john-f-kennedy-articles/warrior-for-peace

Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles

["Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nJFK Articles\nWarrior for Peace\nWritten by David Talbot\nAt the height of the cold war, Kennedy found a way to inch back from the nuclear precipice. Under relentless pressures to go to war, he kept the peace. He talked to his enemies; he recognized the limits of American power; he understood that our true power came from our democratic ideals, not our military prowess. He is still a man ahead of his time, writes David Talbot.\nFrom Time Magazine", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nJohn F. Kennedy's loyal White House aides, Kenneth O'Donnell and Dave Powers, titled their 1972 J.F.K. memoir Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye -- despite the fact that they had served him since his days as a scrawny young congressional candidate in Boston. So it's no surprise that Americans are still trying to figure out nearly half a century after his abbreviated presidency who Jack Kennedy really was", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nWas he a cold war hawk, as much of the history establishment, Washington pundit class and presidential hopefuls of both parties -- eager to lay claim to his mantle of muscular leadership -- have insisted over the years", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n? Or was he a man ahead of his time, a peace-minded visionary trying to untie the nuclear knot that held hostage the U.S. and the Soviet Union -- and the rest of the world?", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nAs the U.S. once again finds itself in an endless war -- this time against terror, or perhaps against fear itself -- the question of Kennedy's true legacy seems particularly loaded. What is the best way for America to navigate through a world where its enemies seem everywhere and nowhere at the same time? What can we learn from the way Kennedy was trying to redefine the U.S. role in the world and to invite Americans to be part of that change? Who was the real John Fitzgerald Kennedy?", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThe conundrum begins with Kennedy himself, a politically complex man whose speeches often brandished arrows as well as olive branches. This seemingly contradictory message was vividly communicated in J.F.K.'s famous Inaugural Address. While Kennedy vowed the nation \"would pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty\" -- aggressive rhetoric that would fit right in with George W", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nBush's presidency -- the young leader also dispensed with the usual Soviet bashing of his time and invited our enemy to join us in a new \"quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all of humanity.\" It would be hard to imagine the current occupant of the White House extending the same offer to Islamic jihadists or Iran's leaders.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nYoung Jack Kennedy developed a deep, visceral disgust for war because of his -- and his family's -- experiences in it. \"All war is stupid,\" he wrote home from his PT boat in the Pacific battleground of World War II. That war destroyed the family's sense of godlike invincibility. His older brother Joe -- a Navy pilot -- died in a fiery explosion over the English Channel after volunteering for a high-risk mission, and the young husband of \"Kick\" Kennedy, J.F.K.'s beloved sister, was also killed", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nAs Jack wrote to Claiborne Pell in 1947, the war had simply \"savaged\" his family. \"It turned my father and brothers and sisters and I upside down and sucked all the oxygen out of our smug and comfortable assumptions... Now, after all that we experienced and lost in the war, we finally understand that there is nothing inevitable about us.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nBut Kennedy and his brothers were also bred to be winners by their father -- to never accept defeat. And when he entered the 1960 presidential campaign against Richard Nixon, one of the dirtiest fighters in the American political arena, he was prepared to do whatever it took to prevail. At the height of the cold war, that meant positioning himself as even more of a hawk than his Republican opponent", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy had no interest in becoming another Adlai Stevenson -- the high-minded liberal who was easily defeated in back-to-back elections by war hero Dwight Eisenhower. J.F.K. was determined not to be turned into a weakling on defense, a punching bag for two-fisted GOP rhetoric. So he outflanked Nixon, warning that the country was falling behind Russia in the nuclear arms race and turning \"the missile gap\" into a major campaign theme", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy also championed the cause of Cuban \"freedom fighters\" in their crusade to take back the island from Fidel Castro's newly victorious regime. Liberal Kennedy supporters, such as Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith, were worried that J.F.K. would later pay a price for this bellicose campaign rhetoric. But Kennedy's tough posture helped secure him a wafer-thin victory on Election Day.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nWorking with the newly elected President at the Kennedy family's Palm Beach villa in early January 1961, speechwriter Theodore Sorensen struggled to interweave the two sides of J.F.K. as the two men crafted the President-elect's Inaugural speech", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nLooking back, says Sorensen today, the most important line of that ringing address wasn't, \"Ask not what your country can do for you -- ask what you can do for your country.\" It was, \"For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.\" This peace-through-strength message \"was the Kennedy policy in a nutshell,\" Sorensen observes.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nBut the Pentagon and CIA hard-liners who thrilled to the more robust strains of Kennedy's soaring Inaugural message wanted not only the massive arms buildup that the new President promised. They wanted also to employ this fearsome arsenal to push back communist advances around the world. And no enemy bastion was more nettlesome to these national-security officials than Castro's Cuba, less than 100 miles off U.S. shores.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nWashington's national-security apparatus had decided there was no living with Castro. During the final months of the Eisenhower Administration, the CIA started planning an invasion of the island, recruiting Cuban exiles who had fled the new regime. Agency officials assured the young President who inherited the invasion plan that it was a \"slam dunk,\" in the words of a future CIA director contemplating another ill-fated U.S. invasion. J.F.K", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nhad deep misgivings, but unwilling to overrule his senior intelligence officials so early in his Administration, he went fatefully ahead with the plan. The doomed Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961 became the Kennedy Administration's first great trauma.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nWe now know -- from the CIA's internal history of the Bay of Pigs, which was declassified in 2005 -- that agency officials realized their motley crew of invaders had no chance of victory unless they were reinforced by the U.S. military. But Allen Dulles and Richard Bissell, the top CIA officials, never disclosed this to J.F.K", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThey clearly thought the young President would cave in the heat of battle, that he would be forced to send in the Marines and Air Force to rescue the beleaguered exiles brigade after it was pinned down on the beaches by Castro's forces. But Kennedy -- who was concerned about aggravating the U.S. image in Latin America as a Yanqui bully and also feared a Soviet countermove against West Berlin -- had warned agency officials that he would not fully intervene", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nAs the invasion quickly bogged down at the swampy landing site, J.F.K. stunned Dulles and Bissell by standing his ground and refusing to escalate the assault.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nA bitter Dulles thought Kennedy had suffered a failure of nerve and observed that he was \"surrounded by doubting Thomases and admirers of Castro.\" The Joint Chiefs also muttered darkly about the new President. General Lyman Lemnitzer, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, said \"pulling out the rug [on the invaders ]was... absolutely reprehensible, almost criminal.\" Admiral Arleigh Burke, the Navy chief, later fumed, \"Mr. Kennedy was a very bad President... He permitted himself to jeopardize the nation.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy was equally outraged at his national-security advisers. While he famously took responsibility for the Bay of Pigs debacle in public, privately he lashed out at the Joint Chiefs and especially at the CIA, threatening to \"shatter [the agency] into a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds.\" J.F.K. never followed through on this threat, but he did eventually fire Dulles, despite his stature as a legendary spymaster, as well as Bissell.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nWeeks after the Cuba fiasco, J.F.K. was still steaming, recalled his friend Assistant Navy Secretary Paul (Red) Fay years later in his memoir, The Pleasure of His Company. \"Nobody is going to force me to do anything I don't think is in the best interest of the country,\" the President told his friend, over a game of checkers at the Kennedy-family compound in Hyannis Port, Mass", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n\"We're not going to plunge into an irresponsible action just because a fanatical fringe in this country puts so-called national pride above national reason. Do you think I'm going to carry on my conscience the responsibility for the wanton maiming and killing of children like our children we saw [playing] here this evening", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n? Do you think I'm going to cause a nuclear exchange -- for what? Because I was forced into doing something that I didn't think was proper and right? Well, if you or anybody else thinks I am, he's crazy.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThis would become the major theme of the Kennedy presidency -- J.F.K.'s strenuous efforts to keep the country at peace in the face of equally ardent pressures from Washington's warrior caste to go to war. Caught between the communist challenges in Laos, Berlin, Vietnam and Latin America and the bellicosity of his national-security \u00e9lite, Kennedy again and again found a way to sidestep war", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nIn each crisis, he improvised a strategy -- combining rhetoric that was alternately tough and conciliatory with aggressive backdoor diplomacy -- that found the way to a peaceful resolution.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy never again trusted his generals and espionage chiefs after the 1961 fiasco in Cuba, and he became a master at artfully deflecting their militant counsel. \"After the Bay of Pigs, Kennedy had contempt for the Joint Chiefs,\" historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. recalled over drinks in the hushed, stately rooms of New York City's Century Club not long before his death", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n\"I remember going into his office in the spring of 1961, where he waved some cables at me from General Lemnitzer, who was then in Laos on an inspection tour. And Kennedy said, 'If it hadn't been for the Bay of Pigs, I might have been impressed by this.' I think J.F.K.'s war-hero status allowed him to defy the Joint Chiefs. He dismissed them as a bunch of old men. He thought Lemnitzer was a dope.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nPresident Kennedy never thought much of the CIA either, in part because he and his indispensable brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, became convinced that the agency was not just incompetent but also a rogue operation. After the Bay of Pigs -- and particularly the Cuban missile crisis -- the Kennedys seemed more concerned with defusing Cuba as a political issue at home, where it was a rallying cry on the right, than with actually enforcing a regime change", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThe darker efforts against Castro -- the sinister CIA plots to assassinate him in partnership with the Mafia -- began before the Kennedy Administration and continued after it ended. Robert Kennedy -- a legendary crusader against organized crime -- thought he had shut down the murder plots after two CIA officials sheepishly informed him of the agency's pact with the Mob in May 1962. But there was much that the Kennedys did not know about the agency's more shadowy operations.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n\"I thought and I still feel that the CIA did wet work on its own,\" says John Seigenthaler, Robert Kennedy's administrative aide at the Justice Department and later publisher of the Tennessean. \"They were way too in thrall to 007... We were caught in the reality of the cold war, and the agency obviously had a role to play. But I don't think the Kennedys believed you could trust much of what they said. We were trying to find our way out of the cold war, but the CIA certainly didn't want to.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nNor did President Kennedy have a firm hand on the Pentagon. \"Certainly we did not control the Joint Chiefs of Staff,\" said Schlesinger, looking back at the Kennedy White House. It was a chilling observation, considering the throbbing nuclear tensions of the period. The former White House aide revealed that J.F.K. was less afraid of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's ordering a surprise attack than he was \"that something would go wrong in a Dr. Strangelove kind of way\" -- with a politically unstable U.S", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy was particularly alarmed by his trigger-happy Air Force chief, cigar-chomping General Curtis LeMay, who firmly believed the U.S. should unleash a pre-emptive nuclear broadside against Russia while America still enjoyed massive arms superiority. Throughout the 13-day Cuban missile crisis, Kennedy was under relentless pressure from LeMay and nearly his entire national-security circle to \"fry\" Cuba, in the Air Force chief's memorable language", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nBut J.F.K., whose only key support in the increasingly tense Cabinet Room meetings came from his brother Bobby and Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, kept searching for a nonmilitary solution. When Kennedy, assiduously working the back channels to the Kremlin, finally succeeded in cutting a deal with Khrushchev, the world survived \"the most dangerous moment in human history,\" in Schlesinger's words. But no one at the time knew just how dangerous", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nYears later, attending the 40th anniversary of the crisis at a conference in Havana, Schlesinger, Sorensen and McNamara were stunned to learn that if U.S. forces had attacked Cuba, Russian commanders on the island were authorized to respond with tactical and strategic nuclear missiles. The Joint Chiefs had assured Kennedy during the crisis that \"no nuclear warheads were in Cuba at the time,\" Sorensen grimly noted", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n\"They were wrong.\" If Kennedy had bowed to his military advisers' pressure, a vast swath of the urban U.S. within missile range of the Soviet installations in Cuba could have been reduced to radioactive rubble.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nVietnam was another growing source of tension within the Kennedy Administration. Once again, Washington hard-liners pushed for an escalation of the war, seeking the full-scale military confrontation with the communist enemy that J.F.K. had denied them in Cuba and other cold war battlegrounds. But Kennedy's troop commitment topped out at only 16,000 servicemen", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nAnd, as he confided to trusted advisers like McNamara and White House aide O'Donnell, he intended to withdraw completely from Vietnam after he was safely re-elected in 1964. \"So we had better make damned sure that I am re-elected,\" he told O'Donnell.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nFearing a backlash from his generals and the right -- under the feisty leadership of Barry Goldwater, his likely opponent in the upcoming presidential race -- Kennedy never made his Vietnam plans public. And, in true Kennedy fashion, his statements on the Southeast Asian conflict were a blur of ambiguity", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nSurrounded by national-security advisers bent on escalation and trying to prevent a public split within his Administration, Kennedy operated on \"multiple levels of deception\" in his Vietnam decision making, in the words of historian Gareth Porter.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy never made it to the 1964 election, and since he left behind such a vaporous paper trail, the man who succeeded him, Lyndon Johnson, was able to portray his own deeper Vietnam intervention as a logical progression of J.F.K.'s policies. But McNamara knows the truth. The man who helped L.B.J. widen the war into a colossal tragedy knows Kennedy would have done no such thing. And McNamara acknowledges this, though it highlights his own blame", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nIn the end, McNamara says today, Kennedy would have withdrawn, realizing \"that it was South Vietnam's war and the people there had to win it... We couldn't win the war for them.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nToday's hawks like to claim J.F.K. as one of their heroes by pointing to his steep increase in defense spending and to defiant speeches like his June 1963 denunciation of communist tyranny in the shadow of the Berlin Wall. It is certainly true that Kennedy brought a new vigor to the global duel with the Soviet Union and its client governments. But it is also clear that Kennedy preferred to compete ideologically and economically with the communist system than engage with the enemy militarily", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nHe was supremely confident that the advantages of the capitalist system would ultimately prevail, as long as a nuclear catastrophe could be avoided. In the final months of his Administration, J.F.K. even opened a secret peace channel to Castro, led by U.N. diplomat William Attwood. \"He would have recognized Cuba,\" Milt Ebbins, a Hollywood crony of J.F.K.'s, says today. \"He told me that if we recognize Cuba, they'll buy our refrigerators and toasters, and they'll end up kicking Castro out.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy often said he wanted his epitaph to be \"He kept the peace.\" Even Khrushchev and Castro, Kennedy's toughest foreign adversaries, came to appreciate J.F.K.'s commitment to that goal. The roly-poly Soviet leader, clowning and growling, had thrown the young President off his game when they met at the Vienna summit in 1961. But after weathering storms like the Cuban missile crisis, the two leaders had settled into a mutually respectful quest for d\u00e9tente", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nWhen Khrushchev got the news from Dallas in November 1963, he broke down and sobbed in the Kremlin, unable to perform his duties for days. Despite his youth, Kennedy was a \"real statesman,\" Khrushchev later wrote in his memoir, after he was pushed from power less than a year following J.F.K.'s death. If Kennedy had lived, he wrote, the two men could have brought peace to the world.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nCastro too had come to see J.F.K. as an agent of change, despite their long and bitter jousting, declaring that Kennedy had the potential to become \"the greatest President\" in U.S. history. Tellingly, the Cuban leader never blamed the Kennedys for the numerous assassination attempts on him", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nYears later, when Bobby Kennedy's widow Ethel made a trip to Havana, she assured Castro that \"Jack and Bobby had nothing to do with the plots to kill you.\" The tall, graying leader -- who had survived so long in part because of his network of informers in the U.S. -- looked down at her and said, \"I know.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nJ.F.K. was slow to define his global vision, but under withering attacks from an increasingly energized right, he finally began to do so toward the end of his first year in office. Taking to the road in the fall of 1961, he told the American people why his efforts to extricate the world from the cold war's death grip made more sense than the right's militaristic solutions. On Nov. 16, Kennedy delivered a landmark speech at the University of Washington campus in Seattle", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThere was nothing \"soft,\" he declared that day, about averting nuclear war -- America showed its true strength by refraining from military force until all other avenues were exhausted. And then Kennedy made a remarkable acknowledgment about the limits of U.S. power -- one that seemed to reject his Inaugural commitment to \"oppose any foe\" in the world", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\n\"We must face the fact that the United States is neither omnipotent nor omniscient, that we are only 6% of the world's population, that we cannot impose our will upon the other 94% of mankind, that we cannot right every wrong or reverse each adversity, and that therefore there cannot be an American solution to every world problem.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nSorensen -- the young progressive raised in a pacifist, Unitarian household who helped write the speech -- calls it today \"one of Kennedy's great speeches on foreign policy.\" If J.F.K. had lived, he adds, \"there is no doubt in my mind [that] we would have laid the groundwork for d\u00e9tente. The cold war would have ended much sooner than it did.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nKennedy reached another visionary pinnacle on June 10, 1963, when -- eager to break the diplomatic deadlock with the Soviet Union -- he gave wing to the most poetic foreign policy speech of his life, a speech that would go down in history as the \"Peace Speech.\" In this stirring address, J.F.K. would do something that no other President during the cold war -- and no American leader today -- would dare. He attempted to humanize our enemy", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nNo matter how \"profoundly repugnant\" we might find our foes' ideology or system of government, he told the American public, they are still -- like us -- human beings. And then Kennedy launched into a passage of such sweeping eloquence and empathy for the Russian people -- the enemy that a generation of Americans had been taught to fear and despise -- that it still has the power to inspire. \"We all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children's future", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nAnd we are all mortal.\" The following month, the U.S. and the Soviet Union reached agreement on the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the first significant restraint put on the superpowers' doomsday arms race.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThe speech that Kennedy was scheduled to deliver in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963, was to strike a similar peace chord. It was a courageous address to give in the Texas city, a seething hotbed of anti-Kennedy passions. Dallas had voted for Nixon in 1960 by the widest margin of any major city", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nIt was the base of far-right agitators like General Edwin Walker, who after being forced into retirement by the Kennedy Administration, had launched a national crusade against J.F.K.'s \"defeatist\" foreign policy and \"socialistic\" domestic agenda. The day of the President's Dallas motorcade, angry street posters and an ad in the Dallas Morning News accused J.F.K. of treason. But Kennedy was undeterred", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nThis is what he planned to tell his audience at the Dallas Trade Mart that afternoon: The most effective way to demonstrate America's strength was not to threaten its enemies. It was to live up to the country's democratic ideals and \"practice what it preaches about equal rights and social justice.\"", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nImmediately after John F. Kennedy's death, he was wrapped in gauzy myths of Arthurian gallantry. In more recent years, he has suffered from a revisionist backlash, portrayed in books and the media as a decadent prince who put the nation at risk with his reckless personal behavior", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nJournalist Christopher Hitchens has gone so far as to dismiss him as a \"vulgar hoodlum.\" While Kennedy's private life would certainly not pass today's public scrutiny, this pathological interpretation misses the essential story of his presidency. There was a heroic grandeur to John F. Kennedy's Administration that had nothing to do with the mists of Camelot. It was a presidency that clashed with its times and found some measure of greatness", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nAt the height of the cold war, Kennedy found a way to inch back from the nuclear precipice. Under relentless pressures to go to war, he kept the peace. He talked to his enemies; he recognized the limits of American power; he understood that our true power came from our democratic ideals, not our military prowess.", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nHe is still a man ahead of his time.\nLast modified on Saturday, 22 October 2016 16:13\nPublished in John Fitzgerald Kennedy\nDavid Talbot\nThe Prologue to a Farce ...or a Tragedy\nin News Items\nBy Kennedys&King\nThe Assassination and Mrs. Paine (Part 2)\nin John Fitzgerald Kennedy\nBy James DiEugenio\nAmerican Exception Episode 34: JFK Assassination Debate\nin Videos & Interviews\nJFK VS LBJ: The MSM in Overdrive\nCleaning up after My Debate with Buzzanco", "Warrior for Peace: JFK Articles\nMore in this category: \u00ab Jefferies' Film and the Bunching of JFK's Suit Coat Open Letter to Rachel Maddow re Show on Gun Control \u00bb"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.theblaze.com/news/2013/09/18/s-c-school-districts-detailed-response-to-theblazes-exclusive-report-on-widely-adopted-textbook-with-flawed-2nd-amendment-definition

S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition

["S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nUS /\nS.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\n\u2022 \"This is not accurate.\"\u2022 Also: How you made a potentially state-wide impact.\nScreengrab via Facebook\nThe South Carolina school district currently utilizing a U.S. history textbook with a disputed interpretation of the Second and Third Amendments responded to TheBlaze's exclusive report in great detail on Wednesday.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nIn an emailed statement, a spokesman for Greenville County Schools confirmed that Hillcrest High School in Simpsonville, S.C., has received \"several emails and phone calls\" expressing concern over how the textbook, \"The Americans,\" defines the Second Amendment.\nOby G. Lyles, Sr., the director of communications at Greenville County Schools, told TheBlaze that the district has \"looked into the matter and found that page 149 of the state-adopted textbook does not accurately present the Second Amendment.\"", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\n\"It states that citizens have the right to bear arms as members of a militia of citizen-soldiers,\" he added. \"This is not accurate. We will inform our high school social studies teachers that they should refer to page 166 of the textbook which accurately presents the Amendment (as originally ratified).\"", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nThe textbook, considered by the American Textbook Council (ATC) to be a \"widely adopted\" history book across the country, is also \"state-adopted\" in South Carolina, TheBlaze has learned. In other words, Hillcrest High School is far from the only school impacted.\nBut that could potentially change soon -- at least in South Carolina.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nLyles informed TheBlaze that the \"State Department of Education (DOE) was notified of this issue so they can take appropriate action.\" Any future action will be determined by the state DOE.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nAs TheBlaze exclusively reported on Tuesday, the high school-level history textbook defines the Second Amendment as \"the right to bear arms as members of a state militia.\" The book also strangely groups the Second and Third Amendments together in a confusing way that could easily be misconstrued as to mean the right to bear arms is directly linked to preventing the government from housing troops during peacetime, which is not the case.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nThe Second amendment as ratified by the U.S. reads [emphasis added]: \u201cA well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.\u201d\nThe Third Amendment reads: \"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.\" The latter part of the amendment concerning wartime was omitted in a portion of the textbook.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nTeachers in the Greenville County school district will be instructed that page 149 of the textbook, which includes the faulty information, is entirely \"incorrect,\" and that they should direct students to a different page that he says contains the accurate definitions.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nLyles also noted that several emails sent to the principal of Hillcrest High School referenced the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). \"Please note this textbook was adopted in 2005, long before any discussion of the CCSS,\" he explained. \"Most of our high schools use this textbook.\"", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nTheBlaze revealed the connection between Common Core and Perfection Learning, the publisher of a different advanced placement history book that also linked gun rights directly to membership in a state militia. The book is titled, \"United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination.\"\nHowever, we have found no information indicating that the publisher of \"The Americans,\" Rand McNally, develops its educational material around Common Core standards.", "S.C. School District's Detailed Response to TheBlaze's Exclusive Report on 'Widely Adopted' Textbook With Flawed 2nd Amendment Definition\nLyles said officials at Greenville County Schools are also working to determine if any of its schools use the aforementioned AP history book.\n\"If so, we will also notify high schools,\" he told TheBlaze."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2054512.html

Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President

["Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nRFE/RL \u2013 Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty\nEbrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nBy Golnaz Esfandiari\nEbrahim Raisi, the front-runner in Iran's presidential election who is linked to serious human rights abuses, was virtually unknown to the majority of Iranians until just a few years ago.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nBut the hard-line cleric has since become a prominent figure in Iran with many believing his election to the presidency is a done deal amid speculation he might one day even succeed the country's highest authority: 82-year-old Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.\nTrusted By Khamenei, Connected To Power Centers", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nOne reason for Raisi's notoriety is Khamenei's trust in the 60-year old, appointing him in 2016 as chairman of one of the country's wealthiest religious foundations and three years later as head of the powerful judiciary.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nRaisi can also boast of connections with influential figures and centers of power. That includes the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), whose commander, Major General Hossein Salami, praised him last year for battling corruption, saying his efforts have \"blown the spirit of hope and trust\" in society.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\n\"If Raisi is elected president, Khamenei will have a better idea of to what extent he can trust him,\" Saeid Golkar, a senior fellow on Iran policy at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, told RFE/RL. He added that the next four years could be Raisi's \"internship.\"\n\"Khamenei is looking for an executive assistant to run the day-to-day politics, but not an independent political actor who can challenge him or his policy,\" said Golkar.\nRising Through The Ranks Of Iran's Hard-Line Judiciary", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nRaisi was born into a clerical family in the northeastern city of Mashhad, Iran's second largest. His exact schooling record is a bit unclear though it is known that he first studied at the Qom seminary at the age of 15. He is known as a hojatoleslam, or \"authority on Islam,\" though some media outlets refer to him as an ayatollah.\nRaisi began his career shortly after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, when he became the prosecutor-general of the city of Karaj, outside Tehran, when he was only 20.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nHe moved to the capital in 1985, where he was appointed as deputy prosecutor and later as Tehran's chief prosecutor. He also served as deputy judiciary chief and prosecutor-general.\nRaisi is still the head of the powerful judiciary -- a tool used by the Iranian establishment to silence dissent -- while also running for president. He is also deputy chairman of the Assembly of Experts, which is tasked with monitoring the work of the supreme leader and choosing the next one.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\n'Khomeini Must Have Thought Raisi Was Good For That'\nAs deputy Tehran prosecutor, Raisi played a role in one of the darkest chapters of the Islamic republic: the 1988 mass execution of political prisoners following a fatwa by the founder of the republic, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nRaisi was a member of the so-called \"death committee,\" which interrogated prisoners about their religious beliefs and political affiliations and sent thousands of Iranians to their deaths, often after trials lasting a few minutes.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\n\"Khomeini issued two fatwas for the creation of the committees, and clearly he wanted the executions, so he appointed hard-liners. He must have thought Raisi was a good person for that,\" historian Ervand Abrahamian, who wrote extensively about the killings, said in a 2017 interview with the Center for Human Rights in Iran.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nMany view Raisi as a dangerous figure who could help consolidate the power of hard-liners and the country's feared security apparatus, including the intelligence branch of the IRGC, which has been behind the arrests of scores of activists, ecologists, and dual nationals.\n\"Although Raisi is the only cleric among [the approved candidates], the weight of the IRGC can be expected to further grow under his presidency,\" Ali Fathollah-Nejad, a scholar affiliated with the Free University of Berlin, told RFE/RL.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nIn 2017, many Iranians said they voted for President Hassan Rohani to prevent Raisi from becoming president. This time around, Iranians have become so disillusioned that many say they will stay away from the polls, with analysts predicting a low turnout that would favor Raisi, who received 38 percent of the votes in the 2017 presidential election.\nRising Profile After 2017 Presidential Defeat", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nRaisi's defeat did not end his political ambitions with the cleric using his tenure in the judiciary to raise his profile further, including through an anti-corruption campaign that some critics say he has used to sideline his potential rivals, namely former judiciary chief Sadegh Amoli Larijani, whose deputy, Ahmad Tabari, was put on trial for corruption.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nAmoli Larijani, named among possible successors to Khamenei, is the brother of former parliament speaker Ali Larijani -- a potentially serious presidential contender to Raisi -- who was barred from running by the Guardians Council. The omnipotent council is accused of paving the way for an easy win for Raisi by barring real contenders from the race.\nA Repressive Tenure", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nDuring his time in the judiciary, ecologists, activists, and many others have faced heavy prison sentences while pressure on the media has persisted, including in recent days when several journalists were reportedly threatened because of critical social media posts about Raisi.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nIn his campaign, Raisi continues to portray himself as a crusader against corruption and poverty while promising to counter \"hopelessness\" at a time of discontent over the ailing economy, which has been crushed by U.S. sanctions and widespread disillusionment in the country about the state of its politics and the poor prospects for change.\n'On The Verge Of A People's Government'", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nRaisi has promised to create a \"people's government\" and a \"strong Iran,\" while highlighting his humble origins and the death of his father when he was only 5 years old.\n\"I have tasted poverty, not merely heard about it,\" says one of his campaign's posters.\n\"Dear youth, if for any reason you are frustrated, you should know that with an active presence in the [election] arena, a powerful people's government can be formed,\" he said in a campaign video posted online.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nDuring a recent visit to a cemetery to pay his respects to martyrs, Raisi was interviewed by a reporter with the state television controlled by hard-liners who addressed him as if he had been already elected.\n\"God willing, we're on the verge of a people's government,\" said the reporter, prompting online criticism and accusations that Raisi had been already \"appointed\" as president and that the regime was dropping any pretense about the upcoming vote being democratic.", "Ebrahim Raisi: The Judge Linked To The Mass Execution Of Political Prisoners Is The Favorite To Be Iran's Next President\nCopyright (c) 2010-2020. RFE/RL, Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.\nArticle on front-runner in presidential election, Ebrahim Raisi, who is linked to serious human rights abuses\nhttps://www.rferl.org/a/iran-presidential-election-raisi-profile-mass-killings-khamenei/31312717.html"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.401dutchdivas.nl/en/tenors/296-john-van-kesteren.html

John van Kesteren - Tenor

["John van Kesteren - Tenor\nThe tenor John van Kesteren was born on 4 May 1921 in The Hague. His very first appearance was in 1942 with a operetta company in Apeldoorn in the role of Barinkay in Johann Strauss's Der Zigeunerbaron. Before the war was over he had appeared in five operettas. From 1946 on he studied at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague with the bass Willem Ravelli", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nOf fundamental importance to his career, however, was his meeting with the director Lothar Wallerstein, head of the opera school in the Netherlands, who not only taught the finer points of the theatrical presentation of an operatic role, but also made him aware as a vocalist of his expressive potential. John van Kesteren made his debut in 1947 in Scheveningen, the Netherlands, as the Italian singer in Der Rosenkavalier, a production with Anni Konetzni, Fritz Krenn and the very young Hilde G\u00fcden", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nIn 1949, while he was still an amateur, he got another one-in-a-million chance. The world-famous conductor Erich Kleiber asked him to audition for the roles of the young sailor and Melot in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, in a production by the Wagner Society and, once again, directed by Lothar Wallerstein.", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nAfter studying with Nadia Boulanger in Paris and Vera Schwarz in Salzburg John van Kesteren went to Berlin where he joined the Komische Oper in 1954 and the Stadtische Oper in 1956. In 1959 he moved to Munich at the invitation of both the National Theatre and the Theater am Gartnerplaz, where he remained for seventeen years", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nAs a lyric tenor with a remarkable range in the upper register he specialized in roles that are generally difficult to cast, in both the 18th and 19th-century repertoire (greatest roles: Rameau's Plat\u00e9e, Rossini's Le Comte Ory and Chapelou in Adam's Le Postillon de Longjumeau, and suchlike) and 20th-century works, ranging from roles in Richard Strauss's operas and Carl Orffs Carmina burana to Sinopoli's Lou Salome", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nCarl Orff, who later became a close friend, would even write to people anywhere in the world planning to perform Carmina burana saying that John van Kesteren was his favourite 'Roasted Swan'. In later years Van Kesteren specialized in character parts, as well as singing a wide concert repertoire that included hundreds of appearances as the Evangelist in Bach's St. Matthew Passion. He concertized in all significant concert halls around the world.", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nJohn van Kesteren lives now in Florida, Palm Beach with his wife Louise and he is still invited to sing his part in Orff's Carmina Burana - in Barcelona in 2000, for instance, and Ottawa in 2001, although he will be eighty by then. The amazing thing about his technique is that the voice is no different now from what it was when he started out. As John van Kesteren told: \"You could still wake me up in the middle of the night to sing a high C and I could do it with no problem at all.", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nJohn van Kesteren died on 11 June 2008 in his home town Jupiter (Palm Beach, Florida) at the age of 87. He belonged to one of the most important tenors of the 20th century. In a list of the music magazine Opera and Concert of the top 100 tenors of the 20th century John van Kesteren was placed on the 41th position. The list was composed by music critics of 42 countries. The first place was for Enrico Caruso", "John van Kesteren - Tenor\nTHE ART OF JOHN VAN KESTEREN IN OPERA\nFragments from opera's of Gluck, Sacchini, Haydn, Cimarosa, Mayr, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, Hal\u00e9vy, Adam, Verdi, Gounod, Bizet, Rimski-Korsakov, d'Albert and Koetsier.\nJohn van Kesteren (tenor), Erika K\u00f6th, Ingeborg Halstein (soprano), Hetty Plumacher(alto). Marcel Cordes, Heinz Hermann (bass), various orchestras and conductors.\nlabel: Gala GL 100.572 (2)\nJohn van Kesteren in the Cavatine uit Le Comte d'Ory"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://penandthepad.com/description-twains-style-writer-narrative-prose-3562.html

"Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature"

["Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nExamples of Satire in Twain's Writing\nThe 3 Stages of Chaucer's Work\nAmerican Writers in the Roaring '20s\nCharacteristics of 20th Century Literature\nWhat Is the Point of View in \"Robinson Crusoe\"?\nDescription of Twain's Style as a Writer of Narrative Prose\nBuffy Naillon", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nSamuel Langhorne Clemens, otherwise known as Mark Twain, counts as one of the most important American writers, and his style has influenced countless writers. Twain started his career at the newspaper \"The Hannibal Journal,\" and it was his life in Hannibal, Mo., and his work as a riverboat pilot that helped him develop the writer's voice that so many know today.", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nTwain's narrative writing style belongs to what people call Southwestern humor. This regional style of writing features earthy language, at times crude humor and doses of cruelty as well as stock characters and situations in which the trickster triumphs. Twain's life in Hannibal introduced him to many of these character types; it was there that he familiarized himself with character types such as slave dealers, riverboat travelers and gamblers", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nFor example, one of Twain's most famous characters, Jim in \"Huckleberry Finn,\" starts out as a stock character but is transformed when Huck starts to see him as a person. This style of writing marks the ending of Romanticism and the beginning of Realism in American literature.", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nGreat American Novelist\nUnlike the English writers who came before him, Twain created a much looser narrative style. The way characters spoke sounded like real speech, and no two characters sounded the same. Each had a distinctive voice that told the reader who was speaking. This American novelist did for literature what Walt Whitman did for poetry -- introduce the vernacular into writing.", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nDespite writing almost 150 years ago, the humor in Twain's work still resonates today. Humor is something the writer began producing during his newspaper days at \"The Hannibal Journal,\" where he contributed short, humorous pieces as well as articles to the paper. Interestingly enough, although Clemens mostly went by his pen name Mark Twain when he wrote, he did have another pseudonym that he used when writing humor: Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass.\nLeaving His Mark", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nAmerican writer Ernest Hemingway attributed the proliferation of an American style of writing to the river man. He said Twain didn't sound like any other American writer although certainly other writers of the era such as Sarah Orne Jewett and William Dean Howells also worked in a realistic style. However, many writers that followed Twain have acknowledged his influence on their writing styles. According to the NEA's \"The Big Read,\" William Faulkner's work shows Twain's influence", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nThe NEA cites Faulkner's stories \"Barn Burning\" and \"The Bear\" in particular. Faulkner himself acknowledged the influence, calling Twain the \"father of American literature\" ... and the writers who followed him Twain's heirs.", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nPBS.org: Mark Twain\nNPR: Why Mark Twain Still Matters\nAmerica's Library: Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn\nWashington State University: Southwestern Humor, 1830-1860\nNEA/The Big Read: Mark Twain's Literary Influence", "Mark Twain's Narrative Prose: Southwestern Humor and Realism in American Literature\nBuffy Naillon has worked in the media industry since 1999, contributing to Germany's \"Der Spiegel\" magazine and various websites. She received a bachelor's degree in German from Boise State University. Naillon also attended New York University and participated in the foreign exchange program at Germany's Saarland University. She is completing her master's degree in educational technology at Boise State."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/ardenne-abbey_massacre-m.html

When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy – The Ardenne Abbey Massacre

["When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nWhen 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nMay 16, 2017 Nikola Budanovic, Guest Author\nPhoto Credit: By Burtonne - CC BY-SA 3.0; Bundesarchiv - CC BY-SA 3.0 de", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nIn the early days of the Normandy campaign 20 Canadian soldiers, members of the North Nova Scotia Highlanders and 27th Armoured Regiment (part of the Sherbrooke Fusilier Regiment), were captured and executed by Waffen SS forces in a monastery near Caen, France. The incident was a direct violation of the Geneva Convention, which was signed by Germany before the war.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nThe executioner was the infamous SS Standartenfuhrer, Kurt Meyer. Meyer was in charge of the 25th Panzer Grenadier Regiment and under its wing, the fanatical 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend. The Hitlerjugend Division was comprised of ex-members of the Hitler Youth, who were sent to Caen to participate in combat against the invading Allies.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nTheir senior officers were battle-hardened Waffen SS members. Among them was Kurt Meyer, nicknamed Panzermeyer. Before the war, he was trying to establish a career as an apprentice shopkeeper, road builder, and a postman, but was unable to keep a job. He joined the Nazi Party in 1930, three years before Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nSoon after the beginning of the war, in 1939, Meyer was awarded the Iron Cross and quickly rose through the ranks. He fought on battlefields all over Europe \u2015 he fought in Poland, Netherlands, the Balkans, the Eastern Front and finally France during the Allied invasion. Meyer excelled in battle but also gained a reputation as a war criminal, executing civilians and prisoners alike.\nCanadians on Juno Beach, June 1944.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nThe captured Canadians were all young men, barely out of school, with no combat experience. They were outmanoeuvred and captured in June 1944. The headquarters of the 25th Panzer Grenadier Regiment was located in the Ardenne Abbey, so the soldiers were taken there. The rest of the story is based on evidence gathered during an investigation of the massacre.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nTheir bodies were discovered on July 8th, 1944, after the Abbey had finally been liberated by the Canadian Army. First, they found the body of Lieutenant Thomas Windsor. Some of the bodies were found by the villagers around the premises. Examinations of the remains revealed that the soldiers had either been shot or bludgeoned directly in the head. After the discovery, their bodies were properly buried.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nFurther investigations concluded that the soldiers were shot during the evening on June 7th, and on the following day. In addition to the 20 confirmed cases, two more Canadian soldiers are believed to have suffered the same fate on June 17th, also on the premises of the Abbey, but their bodies were never found.\nKurt Meyer. By Bundesarchiv \u2013 CC BY-SA 3.0 de", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nAfter a year of investigation, in the period between 1944 and 1945, the Canadian War Crimes Commission, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Bruce Macdonald, managed to put together the pieces of who was responsible for the murders.\nKurt Meyer remained the prime suspect. The Ardenne Abbey massacre was only one of several war crimes of which Meyer was accused. In total, five charges were laid against him in relation to the Ardenne Abbey massacre:", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nInciting and advising soldiers under his command to refuse quarter to Allied troops.\nCommanding his troops to kill 23 POWs at or near the villages of Buron and Authie on 7th of June 1944.\nCommanding his troops, on 8th of June 1944, to kill seven prisoners of war at the Abbaye Ardenne, and as a result of such orders, the prisoners were shot and killed.\n(Alternative to the third charge) Responsibility for the killing of seven Canadian POWs at the Abbaye Ardenne on 8th of June 1944.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nOrdering the killing of 11 Canadian POWs at the Abbaye Ardenne on 7th June 1944.\nMeyer (right) with SS high ranking officers Fritz Witt and Max Wunsche in Caen, 1944. By Bundesarchiv \u2013 CC BY-SA 3.0 de", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nOne of the main witnesses to the case was the SS Private Alfred Helzel, who confirmed to the Canadian authorities that he and other soldiers under Meyer\u2019s command were given orders not to take prisoners. However, Helzel withdrew his claim in court but was later convinced to confirm it again. Citizens of the towns of Authie and Buron testified against the 12th SS and to the various atrocities committed against Canadian soldiers.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nVarious Canadian soldiers also testified, and most important among them was Private Stanley Dudka. He was taken a prisoner and witnessed the German military police pick ten random prisoners who were later taken to an unknown location. Among the ten men was Private Moss, whose body was identified in Ardenne Abbey.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nThe central witness in the case was Jan Jesionek, a Polish soldier who had been pressed into service by the Wehrmacht. Jesionek confirmed that he overheard Meyer say to his fellow officer: \u201cWhat should we do with these prisoners; they only eat up our rations?\u201d They settled on the \u201cno prisoners\u201d policy afterwards. Jesionek then saw each prisoner being questioned and led to the garden of the Abbey.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nThe soldiers were shot in the back of their heads, one by one, as they finished questioning. This was done to six prisoners. Jesionek and three fellow drivers examined the bodies after execution, all lying in the garden and surrounded by blood.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nAccording to Jesionek, the Canadians realized what was happening, each prisoner shaking hands with his comrades before walking to the garden and being shot. Uncertainty over Meyer\u2019s commands remained since Jesionek never heard Meyer give the order to kill the Canadians.\nMeyer defended himself, claiming he had no knowledge of the executions. He said that he had seen the bodies in the garden two days after they were shot. By his own testimony, he was disgusted and ordered the bodies to be buried.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nHe also claimed that he even tried to punish the ones who killed the Canadians, but was unsuccessful in conducting the punishment. These claims were refuted by French teenagers, however, who lived in the Abbey and testified that no bodies were visible in the garden when they went there the day after the murders.", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nMeyer was found guilty of inciting his troops to commit murder and of being responsible as a commander for the killings that happened in Ardenne Abbey. He was sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Kurt Meyer was set free on 7th September 1954, after serving nine years in prison in Canada.\nArdenne Abbey Memorial. By Burtonne \u2013 CC BY-SA 3.0", "When 20 Canadian Prisoners Were Murdered By The Waffen SS In Normandy \u2013 The Ardenne Abbey Massacre\nIn 1984, a monument was erected for the victims of the Ardenne Abbey massacre. The inscription, followed by the names of those killed, reads:\n\u201cIN MEMORIAM. ON THE NIGHT OF 7-8 JUNE 1944, EIGHTEEN CANADIAN SOLDIERS WERE MURDERED IN THIS GARDEN WHILE BEING HELD HERE AS PRISONERS OF WAR. TWO MORE PRISONERS DIED HERE, OR NEARBY, ON 17 JUNE 1944. LEST WE FORGET.\u201d"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.thewinesociety.com/product/vacqueyras-les-cypres-paul-jaboulet-aine-2015

Vacqueyras Les Cyprès, Paul Jaboulet Aîné 2015

["Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nThe man credited with starting the family firm was Antoine Jaboulet in the early nineteenth century. Antoine had twin sons, Henri and Paul. Both expanded the business but it was the elder (a\u00een\u00e9) brother who had the business named after him giving the full title of the firm: Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9. The generations passed until Louis and his brother Jean arrived on the scene", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nLouis was the brains and marketing genius and it was he who, by some accident, made the very first contact with The Society some 40 years ago. Among the first wines ever bought would have been La Chapelle 1961, probably one of the greatest wines ever made.", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nLouis Jaboulet remained in charge for some time until his son G\u00e9rard was rightly put in charge. G\u00e9rard, brilliant and outgoing like his father, was a worthy successor and became the driving force behind the firm. Sadly, a succession of calamities in the 1990\u2019s were about to endanger the firm\u2019s survival", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nIn the early 1990s G\u00e9rard\u2019s equally talented brother Jacques, who had overseen winemaking, was involved in a scuba-diving accident which left him in a coma for months and from then on unable to recover his influence. Then, tragically in 1997, G\u00e9rard died suddenly, aged just 55. G\u00e9rard was not just the driving force of Jaboulet; he also had the authority that held the family together. Following his passing, the next generation, young and inexperienced, struggled to cope", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nLouis Jaboulet remained in charge for some time until his son G\u00e9rard was rightly put in charge. G\u00e9rard, brilliant and outgoing like his father, was a worthy successor and became the driving force behind the firm. Sadly, a succession of calamities in the 1990\u2019s were about to endanger the firm\u2019s survival", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nIn the early 1990s G\u00e9rard\u2019s equally talented brother Jacques, who had overseen winemaking, was involved in a scuba-diving accident which left him in a coma for months and from then on unable to recover his influence. Then, tragically in 1997, G\u00e9rard died suddenly, aged just 55. G\u00e9rard was not just the driving force of Jaboulet; he also had the authority that held the family together. Following his passing, the next generation, young and inexperienced, struggled to cope", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nThe baton was passed between several members of the family, who never quite managed to restore the harmony and success of old in the wines as much as in family relations.", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nIn 2005 news came that the entire family business had been sold to Franco-Swiss financier, Jean-Jacques Frey, who also owns Ch\u00e2teau La Lagune in Bordeaux as well as having a large holding in Champagne house Billecart-Salmon. His daughter, Caroline Frey, is in charge of winemaking. Much has changed, with Frey\u2019s considerable wealth allowing Jaboulet to invest heavily in new cellars as well as more vineyards in C\u00f4te-R\u00f4tie and Ch\u00e2teauneuf-du-Pape, for example", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nThe wines themselves are certainly more convincing than those made during the tumultuous period following G\u00e9rard\u2019s death, but it is still early days for the new regime.", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nAt the heart of the estate is Hermitage where Jaboulet own 22 hectares, a little less than Chapoutier. The vineyards, in descending order of size, are M\u00e9al, Maisons Blanches, Bessards, Diognieres, La Croix and Rocoules. It is the blend of syrah grapes from these vineyards that make La Chapelle, which is a brand name and not a vineyard. Indeed, though the chapel itself, from where the wine takes its name is owned by Jaboulet, the vines around belong mostly to Chapoutier and Chave.", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nAs impactful as La Chapelle, and certainly more affordable, is Crozes-Hermitage from the Thalabert vineyard, an original Jaboulet planting. Another important area for Jaboulet is Cornas, where they make some of the appellation\u2019s best wines, from fruit grown on their own estate at Saint Pierre, and from grapes purchased from other growers.\nSouthern Rh\u00f4ne Vintage 2015", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nCertainly 2015 was a vintage that made growers smile. Michel Chapoutier even used the word \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcgrandiose\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 to describe it! These are generous and seductive wines that will please everyone and bring smiles to the faces of aficionados and first-time en primeur buyers alike.\nRecent vintages have often been challenging for one reason or another. Not so 2015, which was as straightforward as is possible.", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nThe weather was hot but, crucially, there was water when it was needed and night-time temperatures often remained cool so that acidities did not burn up, providing crucial freshness in the wines. The crop stayed healthy throughout so that growers were at liberty to choose when to pick at optimum ripeness levels. Philippe Guigal spoke of a perfect vintage in C\u00f4te-R\u00f4tie where nothing was picked at below 13.5%, a sure sign of a very ripe year indeed.", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nCairanne is one of the best-known villages in the southern Rh\u00f4ne and it has been battling with the powers that be for cru recognition. Having won...\nCairanne is one of the best-known villages in the southern Rh\u00f4ne and it has been battling with the powers that be for cru recognition. Having won its case, the first vintage of the new cru Cairanne is, by some serendipity, 2015. What a vintage!", "Vacqueyras Les Cypr\u00e8s, Paul Jaboulet A\u00een\u00e9 2015\nWines throughout the south are rich, generously fruity and full-bodied with the best being on a par with the 2007s. This was a relatively early vintage so it makes sense maybe that those areas that produce more \u00e2\u20ac\u02dcbackward\u00e2\u20ac\u2122 wines did well, taking fuller advantage of the Indian summer. Cue Gigondas and all those eastern fringes that border on the Dentelles de Montmirail and the Ventoux. These are magnificent wines in 2015. The Ch\u00e2teauneufs, too, have their power back.\nLamb Stew\nLancashire Hotpot"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://csd.cs.cmu.edu/people/faculty/robert-harper

Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department

["Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department\nThe goal of my research is to develop a comprehensive theory of programming that integrates with the practice of software development. The premise of my research is that programming is an explanatory activity, a form of expression intended to convey an idea that is both comprehensible by other people and executable by a computer. Language therefore plays a central role in programming. The overall goal of my work is to develop a language for computation that serves both purposes.", "Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department\nThe focus of my work is on the development and application of type theory as the language of computation. As the name implies, the central organizing principle of type theory is the concept of a type", "Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department\nFor example, familiar tree and graph structures may be viewed as instances of the general concept of an inductive type, infinitary data structures such as streams of values may be viewed as coinductive types, and language features such procedures or objects may be viewed as instances of the general concept of a function", "Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department\nA beauty of type theory is that it provides a rich framework that accounts not only for the computational aspects of programming, but also the reasoning involved in ensuring that a program behaves correctly. The main tool is the propositions-as-types principle in which specifications, or propositions, are identified with types, and proofs are identified with programs", "Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department\nA proof, after all, is a step-by-step procedure for transforming assumptions into conclusions; it is, therefore, a program that takes assumptions as inputs and produces proofs as outputs. The theorem statement is a specification, or type, of this input-output behavior. Another beauty is that type theory connects directly to the language of mathematics through the concept of a category, a very general kind of algebraic structure", "Home | Carnegie Mellon University Computer Science Department\nTypes correspond to structures, such as topological spaces, and programs correspond to structure-preserving mappings between them. This provides a pathway for integrating the language of mathematics with the language of programming."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/rn/218600-53-4

ChemIDplus and the Drug Information Portal Content Available From PubChem Only Starting December 2022. NLM Technical Bulletin. 2022 Jul–Aug

["ChemIDplus and the Drug Information Portal Content Available From PubChem Only Starting December 2022. NLM Technical Bulletin. 2022 Jul\u2013Aug\nDescription: NCI: A synthetic triterpenoid compound with potential antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. Bardoxolone blocks the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2), two enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis", "ChemIDplus and the Drug Information Portal Content Available From PubChem Only Starting December 2022. NLM Technical Bulletin. 2022 Jul\u2013Aug\nThis agent also inhibits the interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory proteins matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and the expression of Bcl-3; Bcl-3 is an IL-1-responsive gene that preferentially contributes to MMP-1 gene expression. /Bardoxolone/ (NCI Thesaurus)"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Raphael-Italian-painter-and-architect

Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica

["Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]\u2014died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. Raphael is best known for his Madonnas and for his large figure compositions in the Vatican. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.\nEarly years at Urbino", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter \u201cof no great merit.\u201d He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nUrbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. Although Raphael would be influenced by major artists in Florence and Rome, Urbino constituted the basis for all his subsequent learning", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nFurthermore, the cultural vitality of the city probably stimulated the exceptional precociousness of the young artist, who, even at the beginning of the 16th century, when he was scarcely 17 years old, already displayed an extraordinary talent.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe date of Raphael\u2019s arrival in Perugia is not known, but several scholars place it in 1495. The first record of Raphael\u2019s activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a \u201cmaster,\u201d was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIt is clear from this that Raphael had already given proof of his mastery, so much so that between 1501 and 1503 he received a rather important commission\u2014to paint the Coronation of the Virgin for the Oddi Chapel in the church of San Francesco, Perugia (and now in the Vatican). The great Umbrian master Pietro Perugino was executing the frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio at Perugia between 1498 and 1500, enabling Raphael, as a member of his workshop, to acquire extensive professional knowledge.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nResurrection of Christ, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1499\u20131502; in the Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. 52 \u00d7 44 cm. \u00a9 SuperStock", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIn addition to this practical instruction, Perugino\u2019s calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. The Giving of the Keys to St. Peter, painted in 1481\u201382 by Perugino for the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican palace, inspired Raphael\u2019s first major work, The Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Perugino\u2019s influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nNevertheless, even in this early painting, it is clear that Raphael\u2019s sensibility was different from his teacher\u2019s. The disposition of the figures is less rigidly related to the architecture, and the disposition of each figure in relation to the others is more informal and animated. The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Perugino\u2019s work.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThree small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the Virgin\u2014Vision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michael\u2014are masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nSaint Michael Overwhelming the Demon (also known as The Small Saint Michael), oil on wood by Raphael, c. 1505; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 30 \u00d7 26 cm. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages\nMove to Florence", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nVasari vaguely recounts that Raphael followed the Perugian painter Bernardino Pinturicchio to Siena and then went on to Florence, drawn there by accounts of the work that Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were undertaking in that city. By the autumn of 1504 Raphael had certainly arrived in Florence", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIt is not known if this was his first visit to Florence, but, as his works attest, it was about 1504 that he first came into substantial contact with this artistic civilization, which reinforced all the ideas he had already acquired and also opened to him new and broader horizons", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nVasari records that he studied not only the works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Fra Bartolommeo, who were the masters of the High Renaissance, but also \u201cthe old things of Masaccio,\u201d a pioneer of the naturalism that marked the departure of the early Renaissance from the Gothic.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nStill, his principal teachers in Florence were Leonardo and Michelangelo. Many of the works that Raphael executed in the years between 1505 and 1507, most notably a great series of Madonnas including The Madonna of the Goldfinch (c. 1505), the Madonna del Prato (c. 1505), the Esterh\u00e1zy Madonna (c. 1505\u201307), and La Belle Jardini\u00e8re (c. 1507), are marked by the influence of Leonardo, who since 1480 had been making great innovations in painting", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael was particularly influenced by Leonardo\u2019s Madonna and Child with St. Anne pictures, which are marked by an intimacy and simplicity of setting uncommon in 15th-century art. Raphael learned the Florentine method of building up his composition in depth with pyramidal figure masses; the figures are grouped as a single unit, but each retains its own individuality and shape. A new unity of composition and suppression of inessentials distinguishes the works he painted in Florence", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael also owed much to Leonardo\u2019s lighting techniques; he made moderate use of Leonardo\u2019s chiaroscuro (i.e., strong contrast between light and dark), and he was especially influenced by his sfumato (i.e., use of extremely fine, soft shading instead of line to delineate forms and features). Raphael went beyond Leonardo, however, in creating new figure types whose round, gentle faces reveal uncomplicated and typically human sentiments but raised to a sublime perfection and serenity.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nMadonna del Prato, oil on wood panel by Raphael, 1505; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. 1.1 m \u00d7 87 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna\n\u201cMadonna and Child,\u201d black chalk and pen sketch by Raphael; in the Albertina, Vienna Courtesy of the Albertina, Vienna", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIn 1507 Raphael was commissioned to paint the Deposition of Christ. In this work it is obvious that Raphael set himself deliberately to learn from Michelangelo the expressive possibilities of human anatomy. But Raphael differed from Leonardo and Michelangelo, who were both painters of dark intensity and excitement, in that he wished to develop a calmer and more-extroverted style that would serve as a popular, universally accessible form of visual communication.\nLast years in Rome", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael was called to Rome toward the end of 1508 by Pope Julius II at the suggestion of the architect Donato Bramante. At this time Raphael was little known in Rome, but the young man soon made a deep impression on the volatile Julius and the papal court, and his authority as a master grew day by day. Raphael was endowed with a handsome appearance and great personal charm in addition to his prodigious artistic talents, and he eventually became so popular that he was called \u201cthe prince of painters.\u201d", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael spent the last 12 years of his short life in Rome. They were years of feverish activity and successive masterpieces. His first task in the city was to paint a cycle of frescoes in a suite of medium-sized rooms in the Vatican papal apartments in which Julius himself lived and worked; these rooms are known simply as the Stanze", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe Stanza della Segnatura (1508\u201311) and Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro (1512\u201314) were decorated practically entirely by Raphael himself; the frescoes in the Stanza dell\u2019Incendio (1514\u201317), though designed by Raphael, were largely executed by his numerous assistants and pupils.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe decoration of the Stanza della Segnatura was perhaps Raphael\u2019s greatest work. Julius II was a highly cultured man who surrounded himself with the most illustrious personalities of the Renaissance. He entrusted Bramante with the construction of a new basilica of St", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nPeter to replace the original 4th-century church; he called upon Michelangelo to execute his tomb and compelled him against his will to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; and, sensing the genius of Raphael, he committed into his hands the interpretation of the philosophical scheme of the frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura. This theme was the historical justification of the power of the Roman Catholic Church through Neoplatonic philosophy.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe four main walls in the Stanza della Segnatura are occupied by the frescoes Disputa and the School of Athens on the larger walls and the Parnassus and Cardinal Virtues on the smaller walls. The two most important of these frescoes are the Disputa and the School of Athens", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe Disputa, showing a celestial vision of God and his prophets and apostles above a gathering of representatives, past and present, of the Roman Catholic Church, equates through its iconography the triumph of the church and the triumph of truth. The School of Athens is a complex allegory of secular knowledge, or philosophy, showing Plato and Aristotle surrounded by philosophers, past and present, in a splendid architectural setting; it illustrates the historical continuity of Platonic thought", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe School of Athens is perhaps the most famous of all Raphael\u2019s frescoes, and one of the culminating artworks of the High Renaissance. Here Raphael fills an ordered and stable space with figures in a rich variety of poses and gestures, which he controls in order to make one group of figures lead to the next in an interweaving and interlocking pattern, bringing the eye to the central figures of Plato and Aristotle at the converging point of the perspectival space", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe space in which the philosophers congregate is defined by the pilasters and barrel vaults of a great basilica that is based on Bramante\u2019s design for the new St. Peter\u2019s in Rome. The general effect of the fresco is one of majestic calm, clarity, and equilibrium.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael: School of AthensDetail from School of Athens, fresco by Raphael, 1508\u201311; in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nAbout the same time, probably in 1511, Raphael painted a more secular subject, the Triumph of Galatea, in the Villa Farnesina in Rome; this work was perhaps the High Renaissance\u2019s most successful evocation of the living spirit of Classical antiquity. Meanwhile, Raphael\u2019s decoration of the papal apartments continued after the death of Julius in 1513 and into the succeeding pontificate of Leo X until 1517", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIn contrast to the generalized allegories in the Stanza della Segnatura, the decorations in the second room, the Stanza d\u2019Eliodoro, portray specific miraculous events in the history of the Christian church. The four principal subjects are The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, The Mass at Bolsena, The Liberation of St. Peter, and Leo I Halting Attila", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThese frescoes are deeper and richer in colour than are those in the earlier room, and they display a new boldness on Raphael\u2019s part in both their dramatic subjects and their unusual effects of light. The Liberation of St. Peter, for example, is a night scene and contains three separate lighting effects\u2014moonlight, the torch carried by a soldier, and the supernatural light emanating from an angel", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael delegated his assistants to decorate the third room, the Stanze dell\u2019Incendio, with the exception of one fresco, the Fire in the Borgo, in which his pursuit of more dramatic pictorial incidents and his continuing study of the male nude are plainly apparent.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nThe Madonnas that Raphael painted in Rome show him turning away from the serenity and gentleness of his earlier works in order to emphasize qualities of energetic movement and grandeur. His Alba Madonna (1508) epitomizes the serene sweetness of the Florentine Madonnas but shows a new maturity of emotional expression and supreme technical sophistication in the poses of the figures", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIt was followed by the Madonna di Foligno (1510) and the Sistine Madonna (1513), which show both the richness of colour and the new boldness in compositional invention typical of Raphael\u2019s Roman period. Some of his other late Madonnas, such as the Madonna of Francis I, are remarkable for their polished elegance.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nPortrait of Baldassare Castiglione, oil on canvas by Raphael, 1516; in the Louvre, Paris. 82 \u00d7 66 cm. Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York\nPortrait of Dona Isabel de Requesens, Vice-Reine of Naples, formerly Portrait of Jeanne d'Aragon Raffaello, oil on canvas (18th century) transferred from oil on wood by Raphael and Giulio Romano, 1518; in the Louvre Museum, Paris. 1.20 x 0.95 m. \u00a9 Photos.com/Jupiterimages", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nBesides his other accomplishments, Raphael became the most important portraitist in Rome during the first two decades of the 16th century. He introduced new types of presentation and new psychological situations for his sitters, as seen in the portrait of Leo X with Two Cardinals (1517\u201319). Raphael\u2019s finest work in the genre is perhaps the Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (1516), a brilliant and arresting character study.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nLeo X commissioned Raphael to design 10 large tapestries to hang on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. Seven of the 10 cartoons (full-size preparatory drawings) were completed by 1516, and the tapestries woven after them were hung in place in the chapel by 1519. Those cartoons represent Christ\u2019s Charge to Peter, The Miraculous Draught of Fishes, The Death of Ananias, The Healing of the Lame Man, The Blinding of Elymas, The Sacrifice at Lystra, and St. Paul Preaching at Athens", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIn these pictures Raphael created prototypes that would influence the European tradition of narrative history painting for centuries to come. The cartoons display Raphael\u2019s keen sense of drama, his use of gestures and facial expressions to portray emotion, and his incorporation of credible physical settings from both the natural world and that of ancient Roman architecture.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nWhile he was at work in the Stanza della Segnatura, Raphael also did his first architectural work, designing the church of Sant\u2019Eligio degli Orefici. In 1513 the banker Agostino Chigi, whose Villa Farnesina Raphael had already decorated, commissioned him to design and decorate his funerary chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo. In 1514 Leo X chose him to work on the basilica of St", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nPeter\u2019s alongside Bramante; when Bramante died later that year, Raphael assumed the direction of the work, transforming the plans of the church from a Greek, or radial, to a Latin, or longitudinal, design.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael was also a keen student of archaeology and of ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, echoes of which are apparent in his paintings of the human figure during the Roman period. In 1515 Leo X put him in charge of the supervision of the preservation of marbles bearing valuable Latin inscriptions; two years later he was appointed commissioner of antiquities for the city, and he drew up an archaeological map of Rome", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael had by this time been put in charge of virtually all of the papacy\u2019s various artistic projects in Rome, involving architecture, paintings and decoration, and the preservation of antiquities.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael\u2019s last masterpiece is the Transfiguration (commissioned by Giulio Cardinal de\u2019 Medici in 1517), an enormous altarpiece that was unfinished at his death and completed by his assistant Giulio Romano. The Transfiguration is a complex work that combines extreme formal polish and elegance of execution with an atmosphere of tension and violence communicated by the agitated gestures of closely crowded groups of figures", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIt shows a new sensibility that is like the prevision of a new world, turbulent and dynamic; in its feeling and composition it inaugurated the Mannerist movement and tends toward an expression that may even be called Baroque.", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRaphael died on his 37th birthday. His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome.\nThis article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn, Managing Editor.\nWestern architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)\nAs completed by Raphael, there are two superimposed arcades with Tuscan and Ionic orders and a colonnade with Composite columns.\u2026\nRome: The Esquiline", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\n\u2026years later, when the painter Raphael and his friends were let down on ropes to look, the style they imitated in decorating the Vatican loggias was called grottesche (see also grotesque).\u2026\ndrawing: 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries\nRaphael and Michelangelo were also outstanding draftsmen. Each of them used drawing in order to allow his thoughts about individual works to mature; each had a highly personal drawing style, the one with a soft and rounded stroke, the other with a sculptor\u2019s intermittent and\u2026", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\ntapestry: 16th century\n\u2026between 1514 and 1516 by Raphael (1483\u20131520). Little or no concession had been made to the tapestry medium for which the cartoons were intended, but the tapestries were a great success, and numerous copies of them were subsequently made.\u2026", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nRenaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. Scholars no longer believe that the Renaissance marked an abrupt\u2026\nMore About Raphael\nassociation with Sebastiano del Piombo\nIn Sebastiano del Piombo\nIn drawing: 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries\nFarnesina villa\nIn ceiling\ngrottesche style", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nIn Rome: The Esquiline\nPalazzo Caprini residence\nIn Donato Bramante: Roman period\ntapestry development\nIn tapestry: 16th century\nUrbino majolica\nIn Urbino majolica\ncontribution to\nIn Mannerism\nIn mural: The High Renaissance\nRenaissance architecture\nIn Western architecture: High Renaissance in Italy (1495\u20131520)\nView Media Page\nUrbino, Italy\nApril 6, 1520 (aged 37)\n\u201cThe Liberation of St. Peter\u201d\n\u201cSchool of Athens\u201d\nStanza della Segnatura\nStanza d\u2019Elidoro\n\u201cThe Marriage of the Virgin\u201d\nPaolo Uccello", "Raphael | Biography, Artworks, Paintings, Accomplishments, Death, & Facts | Britannica\nAndrea del Castagno\nThe Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Raphael\nWeb Gallery of Art - Biography of Raffaello Sanzio\nRaphael - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)\nVincent van Gogh, Dutch painter, generally considered the greatest after Rembrandt van Rijn, and one\u2026\nSteven Spielberg, American motion-picture director and producer whose diverse films\u2014which ranged from\u2026"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.collegeparkmd.gov/182/City-Council-Meetings

Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland

["Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nCity Elections\nMayor &\nThe College Park City Council meets on Tuesday nights at City Hall. All meetings take place in the 2nd floor Council Chambers at 4500 Knox Road, College Park, Maryland unless otherwise noted. All meetings are open to the public except Closed Sessions.\nIn accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance, please contact the City Clerk\u2019s Office at 240-487-3501 at least 48 hours in advance and describe the assistance that is necessary.", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nCouncil Worksessions are held on the first and third Tuesdays of the month. Regular Business Meetings are on the second and fourth Tuesdays. Worksessions are non-voting, informational meetings, with no public comment. Regular Business Meetings are the Council\u2019s voting meetings, with several opportunities for public comment. Unless otherwise indicated on the meeting agenda, Worksessions and Regular Business meetings begin at 7:30 p.m.\nTuesday nights\n2019 Approved Meeting Schedule\n2nd floor Council Chambers", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nFree Parking available for Council Meetings -\nDisplay a parking pass available at the lobby during Council Meetings\nThe approved Council Meeting schedule is posted here.\nThis schedule is subject to change. For current information, please contact the City Clerk.\nMeeting agendas for both Worksessions and Regular Business Meetings are posted here prior to the meeting.\nAgendas are subject to change. For up-to-date information, please contact the City Clerk.", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nApproved minutes of Regular Business Meetings are posted here.\nTo Watch a Council Meeting\nCity Council Meetings, Worksessions and Public Hearings are broadcast live on Tuesday nights on Comcast Cable Channel 71 and on Verizon Channel 25. The most recent meeting is rebroadcast on those stations at the following times: Monday through Friday at 9:00 a.m., Wednesdays at 8:00 p.m., Thursdays and Fridays at 6:00 p.m. and Saturdays at 10:00 a.m.", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nCity Council Meetings, Worksessions and Public Hearings are also live-streamed for viewing. Prior meetings of the Mayor and City Council are archived and available for on-demand viewing.\nWatch what's currently on the City's Cable Channels (Comcast channel 71 and FiOS channel 25) here.\nThe Mayor and City Council are interested in hearing from you!\n4500 Knox Road, College Park, MD 20740\ncpmc@collegeparkmd.gov\nYou may leave a telephone message with the City Clerk.", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nIndividual elected officials also may be reached by email here\nPublic Comment is heard during Regular Business meetings on the second and fourth Tuesdays of the month:\nTo comment on any matter that is not on the meeting agenda\nSpeakers are given three minutes to address the Council during \u201cComments From The Audience On Non-Agenda Items\u201d at the beginning and end of each Regular Business meeting.\nTo comment on an agenda item during a Regular Business meeting", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nWhen an agenda item comes up for consideration by the Council, the Mayor will invite public comment prior to Council deliberation. Speakers are given three minutes to address the Council on that agenda item.\nTo comment on proposed legislation\nThe City Council schedules Public Hearings prior to the adoption of proposed legislation. Public Hearings are advertised in advance and all interested parties have the opportunity to be heard.", "Council Meetings | City of College Park, Maryland\nWritten comment for an agenda item or for a public hearing may be submitted in writing prior to the Council meeting. In order to be received by the Council as part of the record, the comment must include the specific agenda item to which it relates and the full name and address of the person submitting the comment. Written comment should be addressed to the Mayor and City Council, and submitted no later than 5:00 p.m. on the day of the meeting to cpmc@collegeparkmd.gov"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.artisanartgallery.com/jaye-merryl/

African American Artists - Jaye, Merryl - Artisan Art & Gifts

["African American Artists - Jaye, Merryl - Artisan Art & Gifts\nMerryl Jaye is an artist whose original paintings and reproductions are sought after and owned by an ever increasing number of prestigious collectors, including many greats in varied fields of entertainment, politics and business. She\u2019s a celebrated painter who was raised in California. She loved art from a tender age and began painting and the age of 12. Her art attracted the attention of many people who encouraged and supported her", "African American Artists - Jaye, Merryl - Artisan Art & Gifts\nShe developed a style that is not only unmistakably recognizable, but is also visionary and irrevocably her own. Merryl was enthusiastic about performing arts and she also sang and studied light opera, winning many scholarships. Her love of painting and music came together to help her produce stunning pieces of artwork by combining with her extremely lyrical sense of lighting and color that many of her fans have found to be truly captivating.", "African American Artists - Jaye, Merryl - Artisan Art & Gifts\nMerryl\u2019s subjects have been rendered vividly, using an expressionistic, contemporary style. She captures their true essence of her subjects, and even more importantly recreates their uncanny likenesses. The artist used to entertain the troops in Vietnam with the USO, something that made her feel that she was serving her country in a special way. She even became a recording artist, a career that became very successful", "African American Artists - Jaye, Merryl - Artisan Art & Gifts\nHowever, after some years, she left the music industry and decided to follow painting which was her true passion. Her deep background in allows her the understanding and sensitivity to capture on canvas the spontaneity and emotion of jazz in live performance. Her style has successfully harmonized the twin mediums of music and art."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/wellbeing_mw.html

SLHD - Mental Health Services - Mental Wellness

["SLHD - Mental Health Services - Mental Wellness\nA-Z Mental Health Topics\nIt is difficult to truly define health or wellbeing. It is more than the absence of disease or illness. Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realises his or her own potential, develops a sense of purpose or meaning, can cope with the normal stresses of life, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.", "SLHD - Mental Health Services - Mental Wellness\nMental health and a sense of well-being are a fundamental condition that influences how we think, feel, relate and interact with others. Our ability to enjoy life, to work gainfully, to love and to be loved are often predisposed by our physical and mental health. Because of this, the promotion and protection of mental health is vital to all people and societies.", "SLHD - Mental Health Services - Mental Wellness\nMental health is influenced by a variety of social, psychological, and biological factors. Factors such as poverty and low levels of education are recognised risks to mental health for individuals and communities. Poor mental health is also associated with rapid social change, stressful work conditions, gender discrimination, social exclusion, incarceration, violence and physical illness. Some people may have specific psychological or personality factors that make them more vulnerable to mental disorders.", "SLHD - Mental Health Services - Mental Wellness\nThere may also be individuals with biological or genetic vulnerabilities that lead to imbalances in chemicals in the brain. The exact cause of many psychiatric disorders is not known so a good strategy is to minimise the factors that are known risks and maximise the factors that increase our well-being and resilience.\nLast Updated: 27 May, 2015"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

http://sherlockholmes.stanford.edu/print_issue12.html

Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University

["Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nIssue 12 : The Final Problem\nConan Doyle playing in the snow at around the time he \"killed\" Sherlock Holmes. From The Strand Magazine (1894).\n\"It was with some surprise, therefore, that I saw him walk into my consulting-room upon the evening of the 24th of April.\" From McClure's Magazine, vol. II, no. 1, January 1894. Illustrated by Harry Edwards.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nIt is with a heavy heart that I take up my pen to write these the last words in which I shall ever record the singular gifts by which my friend Mr. Sherlock Holmes was distinguished.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nThe Final Problem appeared in The Strand Magazine in December 1893, although the events narrated therein are supposed to take place in 1891. The Strand's reading public was outraged by what they considered the premature death of a beloved character. Over 20,000 people cancelled their subscriptions, and the magazine nearly went under. Forever after, The Strand's staff referred to Holmes's death as \"the dreadful event.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nAt his \"death\" in \"The Final Problem,\" Holmes is younger than most people think, perhaps because Sidney Padgett's drawings give him an air of maturity. In \"His Last Bow,\" which takes place in 1914 (and is told in the third person, not by Watson), Conan Doyle puts Holmes's age at about 60. Holmes could have been born in or around 1854. In \"The Final Problem,\" therefore, he is not yet 40.\n\u2026\"Study in Scarlet,\" up to the time of his interference in the matter of the \"Naval Treaty\"\u2026.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nA Study in Scarlet was the first Holmes and Watson story, a novelette published in Beeton's Christmas Annual in late 1887. \"The Naval Treaty,\" published in The Strand in October and November, 1893, predated \"The Final Problem\" by a month.\nAs far as I know, there have been only three accounts in the public press: that in the Journal de Gen\u00e8ve on May 6th, 1891, the Reuter's dispatch in the English papers on May 7th, and finally the recent letters to which I have alluded.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nReuters, opened in London in 1851 by a German immigrant named Paul Julius Reuter, began by reporting stock market quotations between European countries by telegraph. Where no telegraph lines had yet been strung, Reuter used carrier pigeons. Later, Reuters developed into a news dispatch service that used telegraph and radio to transmit the news from overseas to British newspapers.\n\u2026and I received two notes from Holmes, dated from Narbonne and from N\u00eemes\u2026.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nNarbonne and N\u00eemes are French cities, both located in the south.\n\"Of air-guns.\"\n\"He saw the question in my eyes, and, putting his finger-tips together and his elbows upon his knees, he explained the situation.\"\nBecause they use compressed air to shoot projectiles, air guns are much quieter than guns using powder. Some Victorian gentlemen carried air guns disguised as canes. Holmes's reasons for fearing air guns becomes clearer in \"The Empty House.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"At the age of twenty-one he wrote a treatise upon the Binomial Theorem, which has had a European vogue\u2026.\"\nDiscovered by Euclid, and developed by Pascal and Newton, the binomial theorem expresses the expansion of a binomial (two variables added together) raised to a power.\n\"But the man had hereditary tendencies of the most diabolical kind. A criminal strain ran in his blood, which, instead of being modified, was increased and rendered infinitely more dangerous by his extraordinary mental powers.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nHere, Conan Doyle refers to 19th-century scientist Cesare Lombroso's theory of the \"born\" or \"atavistic\" criminal. Moriarty is an exception among atavistic criminals who appear in literature, however; instead of having limited mental powers commensurate with his increased animal appetites, he possesses both criminal intent and extraordinary intelligence. Many readers have noticed that Moriarty is an evil twin of Holmes who turns his powers to crime instead of justice.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"Never have I risen to such a height, and never have I been so hard pressed by an opponent.\" Compare this Moriarty to Sidney's Paget's--Edwards's is heavier, less reptilian, and more like a stereotypical villain from a melodrama.\n\"\u2026and the rope for all of them\u2026.\"\nIn other words, they will all be hanged.\n\"I was sitting in my room thinking the matter over, when the door opened and Professor Moriarty stood before me.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nMoriarty only appears in two Holmes stories: \"The Final Problem\" and the last of the four Holmes novels, The Valley of Fear. (Mycroft Holmes, Sherlock's brother, only appears in three, although he is mentioned in several others.) Nevertheless, readers have remained fascinated with Sherlock Holmes's dark opposite. Writers of pastiches of Conan Doyle's work have taken great liberties with Moriarty's character", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n? Modern reworkings of the Conan Doyle canon, such as Nicholas Meyer's The Seven Percent Solution, often concentrate on Holmes's unique psychology, in which Moriarty figures prominently.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"His shoulders are rounded from much study, and his face protrudes forward, and is for ever slowly oscillating from side to side in a curiously reptilian fashion.\"\nHolmes describes Moriarty in reptilian terms, as if his lack of humanity can be discerned in his physical makeup.\n\"'You have less frontal development than I should have expected,' said he at last.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nIn the 18th-century pseudo-science, phrenology, frontal development was believed to indicate great intelligence. This idea, like other phrenological beliefs, eventually found its way into the anthropology of the time, which used racial characteristics as an indicator of evolutionary advancement. Moriarty's remark is meant as an insult to Holmes's brain capacity; Moriarty's own skull \"domes out in a white curve,\" as Holmes himself notes.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"'You hope to place me in the dock. I tell you that I will never stand in the dock.'\"\nAt British trials, the accused stands on a small platform surrounded by a railing--the dock.\n\"...I went out about midday to transact some business in Oxford Street. As I passed the corner which leads from Bentinck Street on to the Welbeck Street crossing a two-horse van furiously driven whizzed round and was on me like a flash.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nThese are the names of actual London streets. Holmes is just a few blocks from the foot of Baker Street when he is attacked.\nThe area where Holmes was attacked can be found in the upper left-hand corner of this map, and Mortimer Street, on which Watson's back garden faces, appears at the upper right\n\"\u2026but as I walked down Vere Street\u2026.\"\nVere Street turns into New Bond Street on the south side of Oxford Street.\n\"I took a cab after that and reached my brother's rooms in Pall Mall, where I spent the day.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nSherlock hides out at his brother Mycroft Holmes's lodgings, across the street from his club, the Diogenes, where speaking to another member can be cause for expulsion. Both Mycroft's apartment and the Diogenes Club are located near many other prestigious clubs, somewhere along Pall Mall, which runs horizontally across the bottom of the map, above right.\n\"\u2026and you will drive to the Strand end of the Lowther Arcade\u2026.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nThe Lowther Arcade is a small, covered shopping bazaar, specializing in toys, located between two buildings across The Strand from Charing Cross Station. The roof is studded with glass domes that provide natural light in the daytime.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nDear Lowther Arcade! Offtimes have we wandered agape among thy enchanted palaces\u2026. I have heard that thou art vulgar, but I cannot see how, unless it be that tattered children haunt thy portals, those awful yet smiling entrances to so much joy. To the Arcade there are two entrances, and with much to be sung in laudation of that which opens from the Strand yet I on the whole prefer the other as truly romantic, because it is there the tattered ones congregate\u2026.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nThe passage on the previous page is from J.M. Barrie (1860-1937), The Little White Bird (1902), an early version of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, which Barrie later wrote into his famous play, Peter Pan. Barrie and Conan Doyle were close friends.\n\"'I have reason to think that they are hot upon our trail. Ah, there is Moriarty himself.'\"\n\u2026clambering over the wall which leads into Mortimer Street\u2026.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nIf Watson's rooms backed on Mortimer Street, then he lived in an area near several hospitals, located quite close to the place where Holmes was attacked.\n\"It was my brother Mycroft.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nMycroft Holmes, known both for his brilliant mind and his sedentary habits, apparently made an exception to his usual aversion to action in order to accommodate Watson. Besides this story, he appears in two others, \"The Greek Interpreter\" and \"The Bruce-Partington Plans,\" and is mentioned in two more. Mycroft is deeply involved behind the scenes in the British government.\n\"This train stops at Canterbury; and there is always at least a quarter of an hour's delay at the boat.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nCanterbury is located on the way to Dover, a port at the end of a rail line on the south coast of England. From Dover, one could take the steamboat (today the ferry or hovercraft) across the English Channel to Calais, France.\n\"Well, then we must make a cross-country journey to Newhaven, and so over to Dieppe.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nInstead of boarding the steamboat across the English Channel to France at Dover, they will travel overland to Newhaven and from there take the ferry to Dieppe, France. Today, although a train tunnel has been bored underneath the English Channel, several different ferry routes are available to France, some longer than others. Newhaven-Dieppe is one of the longest.\n\"\u2026a coup-de-ma\u00eetre\u2026.\"\nA master stroke.\nWe sat in the Strasburg salle-\u00e0-manger arguing the question for half an hour\u2026.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nStrasburg (or Strasbourg) is a city on the border between France and Germany. After enjoying a century of independence, it passed back and forth between France and Germany until the end of World War II. In Holmes's time it belonged to Germany, but was returned to France after World War I. During World War II, it reverted to German control, but today is part of France.\nThe salle-\u00e0-manger is the dining room at the train station.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nFor a charming week we wandered up the valley of the Rhone, and then, branching off at Leuk, we made our way over the Gemmi Pass, still deep in snow, and so, by way of Interlaken, to Meiringen.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nLeuk is a city located in the valley of the Rhone River, which flows down out of the Alps into France, and on to the Mediterranean Sea. Leuk is surrounded by picturesque mountains that rise abruptly from the valley floor. Nearby Leukerbad, at a much higher altitude, is a famous ski resort and spa. The steep Gemmi pass leads up across the Alps, to the town of Interlaken and the tiny hamlet of Meiringen.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nConan Doyle was one of the first to practice the sport of downhill skiing in Switzerland. He had seen skiers in Norway, and wondered if the sport might be good for his wife's tuberculosis. Later, he wrote about his adventures on skis for an illustrated article in The Strand Magazine, \"An Alpine Pass on Ski\" (1894), in which he freely, and humorously, admitted his ineptness at the sport.\nConan Doyle and his first wife Louise in the Alps, in 1893", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nThe Swiss boys staring at Conan Doyle and his friends might never have seen skis before\nThe famous Grosvenor Hotel can be seen near the top of the map, next to Victoria Station, from which Holmes and Watson left London for the Continent\nReichenbach Falls, from the guidebook at left. Compare this picture to Paget's conception of Reichenbach.\nOnce, I remember, as we passed over the Gemmi, and walked along the border of the melancholy Daubensee....", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nThe Gemmi Pass leads past the Daubensee, a small, high altitude lake (over 7,000 feet above sea level).\nIt was on the third of May that we reached the little village of Meiringen, where we put up at the Englischer Hof, then kept by Peter Steiler the elder.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nMeiringen\u2014in legend, the birthplace of meringue\u2014was known for being especially accommodating to English visitors in Conan Doyle's time. He stayed there several times. Today, there is a Sherlock Holmes museum in Meiringen\u2014advertised as the most authentic in the world\u2014where it is possible to buy a combined ticket to visit the museum and tour the Reichenbach Falls.\nOur landlord was an intelligent man and spoke excellent English, having served for three years as waiter at the Grosvenor Hotel in London.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nA venerable London hotel located near Buckingham Palace.\n...with the intention of crossing the hills and spending the night at the hamlet of Rosenlaui....\nRosenlaui is a tiny village in a rugged gorge of the same name, and serves as a welcome resting place for travelers between strenuous hikes.\nThe cover of a turn-of-the-century Swiss guidebook\nWe had strict injunctions, however, on no account to pass the falls of Reichenbach, which are about halfway up the hills, without making a small detour to see them.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nReichenbach Falls, one of the highest waterfalls in the Alps, consists of five separate cascades down the side of a mountain. Today--an even bigger tourist attraction because of its association with Holmes--it can be visited by cable railway. In the terminal is a plaque commemorating Holmes's \"death\" at the falls.\nShe had wintered at Davos Platz and was journeying now to join her friends at Lucerne, when a sudden hemorrhage had overtaken her.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nTuberculosis and its deadly effects were much on Conan Doyle's mind because of his wife's precarious condition. The scenario described here must have been his worst nightmare.\nThere was Holmes's Alpine-stock still leaning against the rock by which I had left him.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nHolmes's sturdy walking\u2014stick still leans against the rock\u2014a poignant reminder of his absence. The Alpine-stock, the silver cigarette case, the little scrap of paper\u2014these have become icons of Holmes's disappearance (the deerstalker cap has slipped into films of \"The Final Problem,\" although it does not appear in the original text).", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"As I turned away I saw Holmes, with his back against a rock and his arms folded, gazing down at the rush of the waters. It was the last that I was ever destined to see of him in this world.\"\n\"'My dear Watson,' he said, 'I write these few lines through the courtesy of Mr. Moriarty, who awaits my convenience for the final discussion of those questions which lie between us.'\"\nThe Case of the Resurrected Detective: \"The Empty House\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"An examination by experts leaves little doubt that a personal contest between the two men ended, as it could hardly fail to end in such a situation, in their reeling over, locked in each other's arms.\"", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nBy 1893, Arthur Conan Doyle had written 24 stories and two novels about the great consulting detective, Sherlock Holmes, and his chronicler, John Watson. Conan Doyle's other works, while successful, did not approach the success of the Holmes stories. Conan Doyle had long been tempted to kill off his most famous character so that he, and the public, could focus on what he considered to be his most important work.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nOnce \"The Final Problem\" had been printed and sold to an unsuspecting public, Conan Doyle was shocked by the vehemence of the public reaction, which included threats and abusive letters. \"You Brute!\" one letter began. According to one possibly apocryphal story, a lady attacked him with her umbrella when she met him in the street; another picketed his house in protest. People wore black armbands as if a real celebrity had died", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nDuring the year that preceded the December death of Holmes, Conan Doyle's father had died, and his wife had been diagnosed with a particularly virulent form of tuberculosis, and was only expected to survive for a few months", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\n\"I have been much blamed for doing [Holmes] to death,\" Conan Doyle said in a speech, \"but I hold that it was not murder, but justifiable homicide in self-defense, since, if I had not killed him, he would certainly have killed me.\" During a sojourn in the Swiss Alps with his wife at a sanatorium for tubercular patients, Conan Doyle determined upon the method of Holmes's death", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nAs 1893 came to a close, Conan Doyle's wife Louise began the cure that would allow her to live for 13 more years, while Sherlock Holmes (apparently) died. \"Killed Holmes,\" Conan Doyle wrote in his diary, and went on with his life.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nConan Doyle was finally inspired to write The Hound of the Baskervilles in 1901 and a series of Holmes stories for The Strand (beginning in 1903 with \"The Empty House\") by an offer he could not refuse: The Strand and the American magazine Colliers offered him more money than he had ever been offered for his writing before. Discovering Sherlock Holmes will begin with \"The Empty House\" when our next series starts in early 2007.", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nWhen Holmes came back to life in \"The Empty House,\" nearly ten years had passed in the real world, and the Victorian Age was a thing of the past. In Holmes's universe, \"The Final Problem\" took place in 1891, and \"The Empty House\" in 1894. Conan Doyle's wise decision to keep Holmes in Victorian times inspired well-known Sherlockian Vincent Emerson Starrett to pen these lines, beloved of all Sherlockians:\nHere dwell together still two men of note\nWho never lived and so can never die:", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nHow very near they seem, yet how remote\nThat age before the world went all awry.\nBut still the game's afoot for those with ears\nAttuned to catch the distant view-halloo:\nEngland is England yet, for all our fears--\nOnly those things the heart believes are true.\nA yellow fog swirls past the window-pane\nAs night descends upon this fabled street:\nA lonely hansom splashes through the rain,\nThe ghostly gas lamps fail at twenty feet.\nHere, though the world explode, these two survive,", "Discovering Sherlock Holmes - A Community Reading Project From Stanford University\nAnd it is always eighteen-ninety-five.\n\u2014Vincent Emerson Starrett (1886-1974)\nJournalist, book-collector, mystery writer, and expert Sherlockian, Vincent Emerson Starrett co-founded the Baker Street Irregulars and wrote mysteries and books on Sherlock Holmes, including The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://csumb.edu/it/privacy-notice?utm_source=privacy&utm_medium=footer&utm_campaign=legal

Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay

["Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nCSUMB Home \u203a IT\nArticle 1: Online Privacy Notice\nCalifornia State University, Monterey Bay respects your privacy and is committed to protecting it to the extent possible, subject to applicable state and federal law, through our compliance with our privacy policies and this Privacy Notice.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThis Notice applies to the information that we collect when you visit the CSUMB\u2019s main website csumb.edu and other websites that we own or control, and on which we have linked or referred to this Notice (together, the \u201cSites\u201d). This Notice describes how this information is collected, processed, maintained, protected, and disclosed. Unless otherwise indicated on a specific Site, the California State University is the data controller for all information collected under this Notice", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThis Notice does not apply to information collected from or about current or former employees, contractors, volunteers, and other workers at CSUMB as part of their employment or working relationship with CSUMB.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nExcept as specifically described, our Sites are operated in accordance with the laws of the United States. Please read this Notice carefully to understand our policies and practices regarding your information and how we will treat it. This Notice reflects the University\u2019s current practices and may change from time to time, so please check the Notice periodically for updates.\nArticle 2: Personal Information we collect and process", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIn this Notice, \u201cpersonal information\u201d means any information that identifies or describes an individual user of the Sites, including, but not limited to, the user\u2019s name, social security number, physical description, address, telephone number, education, financial matters, medical or employment history, password, email address, and information that reveals any network location or identity", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIf you are located in the European Economic Area (EEA), \u201cpersonal information\u201d includes all personal data as defined under EEA laws (including \u201csensitive personal information\u201d which is provided enhanced protections under those laws).", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe collect personal information about users only as allowed by law and limit the collection of personal information to what is relevant and necessary to accomplish a lawful purpose of the University. We collect personal information (and sensitive personal information) that you send to the CSU, or permit us to obtain from third parties, for purposes relevant to CSU operations in pursuit of our academic mission", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nExamples include information needed for student admission (including financial aid information), employment, housing and dining services, online educational programs, research, health services, donor relations, visa application processing, event registration, parking services, IT usage and support services, library usage, bookstore operations, and website account registrations", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nOur legal basis for processing most of this information is to perform a task in the public interest or in fulfillment of CSU official functions, including those set out in the California Education Code and/or Title V of the California Code of Regulations, or under applicable federal law", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nOther legal bases for processing information include processing necessary for contract (e.g., to process parking permit payments), for legitimate interests (e.g., to send requested information) or consent (e.g., to process certain sensitive personal information).", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nUser-Provided Information: You may be required to provide personal information to access or use certain parts of our Sites, or features of our Sites or services, including without limitation, when you apply for or enroll at one of our campuses or programs, subscribe to a newsletter or email list, make a purchase or donation, fill out a form, participate in any of our programs, special events or promotions, contact us with a comment, question or complaint, etc", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIf you do not provide the requested personal information, you may not be able to access or use the features of our Sites or service where such information is requested.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nDepending upon the nature of the transaction, the personal information that you may provide may include: contact information (name, home or mailing address, telephone number, social media username/handle, mobile phone and/or email address, etc.); academic area or interest; financial information (financial aid application history, payment history, social security number, passport number, credit card number, donation attribution and amount, etc.); health record information (medical record number), allergies, past medical history, family history, current medications, current medical conditions) demographic information (age, birthdate, marital status, income, etc.); and profile information (admissions date, graduation date, alumni status, student identification number, username, password, relationship to the University, etc.).", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nEmails and Social Media Sites: If you correspond with us by email, mail or via social media, we may retain the content of your communication or social media posting, the email or social media account address from which it is sent, and our response. We collect information automatically using technology when you visit our Sites or social media pages or when you open one of our emails as described in this Notice.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThe specific personal information (and sensitive personal information) we collect, why we collect it, and our legal basis for processing it, is periodically reassessed in applicable data process flow assessments or Data Protection Impact Assessments, as relevant.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIt is the policy of the California State University to limit the collection and safeguard the privacy of personal information collected or maintained by the University. The University\u2019s information management practices conform to the requirements of the Information Practices Act of 1977 (Civil Code Section 1798, et seq.), the Public Records Act (California Government Code Section 6250, et seq.), California Government Code Section 11015.5, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (20 U.S.C", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\n\u00a7 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99), and other applicable laws pertaining to information privacy. In the event of a conflict between this Notice and the Public Records Act, the Information Practices Act, FERPA, or other law governing the disclosure of University records, the applicable law will control.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nAny information acquired by the University through the Sites is subject to the limitations set forth in the Information Practices Act. The University will not distribute or share electronically collected personal information (as defined in subdivision (d) of California Government Code Section 11015.5) about users to any third party without the permission of the user, except in narrow circumstances set forth in this Notice", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThe University will not sell any electronically collected personal information to any third party. Such electronically-collected personal information is exempt from requests made pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 6250) of Division 7 of Title 1).", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nArticle 3: How we use the information we collect\nWe use information that we collect about you or that you provide to us, including any personal information:\nTo provide you with information that you request from us.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nTo process application, registration and enrollment requests when you apply, register or enroll for our campuses, events, programs or services, or otherwise administer your participation in our events, programs or services, including (without limitation) study abroad and distance learning, financial aid, housing and dining.\nTo collect and process donations, gifts and donor information.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nTo process service requests from students, staff, faculty, and other members of the campus community, including the facilitation of parking permit and identification card requests.\nTo process registration for sports, cultural, educational, and other university events.\nTo respond to your questions, requests, comments or complaints and determine your satisfaction with our events, programs and services.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nTo operate, maintain, and provide to you the features, services, and functionality of the Sites and its contents, and to monitor and improve our site and the user experience.\nTo provide information about our University and send you related information including brochures and other University materials, campus and CSU news, academic notices, updates, security alerts, special offers, confirmations, and support and administrative messages.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nTo notify you about changes to our Sites or any services we offer or provide through it.\nTo compare and review your personal information for errors, omissions and accuracy.\nTo prevent, detect or investigate any fraudulent, abusive or illegal act.\nTo allow you to participate in interactive features on our Sites.\nIn any other way we may describe when you provide the information.\nFor any other purpose with your consent.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe may also use your personal information for operational and other lawful purposes such as security, analytics, operations, fraud detection and prevention, reporting, making back-ups and legal compliance.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe use cookies, clear gifs, and log file information to: (a) remember information so that you will not have to re-enter it during your visit or the next time you visit the Sites; (b) monitor the effectiveness of our Sites and services; (c) monitor aggregate metrics such as the total number of visitors and traffic; (d) diagnose or fix technology problems reported by our users or engineers that are associated with the IP addresses controlled by a specific web company or ISP; and (e) help you efficiently access information.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nAt the time we collect personal information, we strive to tell users about the purpose for which the information is collected as well as the general or specific uses that we will make of that information.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nInternational transfer of personal information: Personal information provided to us by users outside of the United States may be transferred to other countries such as the United States, where data protection laws may differ from those of your home country. By providing us with your information, you acknowledge that your personal information may be transferred to the United States and processed on servers within the United States", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nUser Content: Any personal information or content you voluntarily disclose for posting to the Sites (for instance, any content you post) (\u201cUser Content\u201d) becomes available to the public via the Sites. User Content includes, but is not limited to, comments, photos, videos, etc. If you remove User Content, copies may remain viewable in cached and archived pages or if other users have copied or stored your User Content.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe reserve the right to monitor the User Content you post on the Sites and to remove any User Content for any reason or no reason including, without limitation, if in our sole opinion, such material violates, or may violate, any applicable law, or to protect or defend our rights or those of any third party. We also reserve the right to remove User Content upon the request of any third party.\nArticle 4: Cookie Policy", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nCookies Information: When you visit the Sites, we may send one or more cookies \u2013 a small text file containing a string of alphanumeric characters \u2013 to your computer that uniquely identifies your browser and lets us help you log in faster and enhance your navigation through the Sites. A cookie does not collect personal information about you. We use both session cookies and persistent cookies. A persistent cookie remains on your hard drive after you close your browser", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nPersistent cookies may be used by your browser on subsequent visits to the Sites. Persistent cookies can be removed by following your web browser\u2019s directions. A session cookie is temporary and disappears after you close your browser. You can reset your web browser to refuse all cookies or to indicate when a cookie is being sent. However, some features of the Sites or services may not function properly if the ability to accept cookies is disabled.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nGoogle Analytics: We use a tool called \u201cGoogle Analytics,\u201d a web analytics service provided by Google, Inc. to collect information about use of the Sites. Google Analytics collects information such as how often users visit our Sites, what pages are visited, and what other sites were visited prior to coming to our Sites. We use the information we get from Google Analytics only to improve the Sites", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nGoogle Analytics collects only the IP address assigned to you on the date you visit the Sites, rather than your name or other identifying information. Google Analytics will also collect contextual information, such as type of web browser, type of operating system, browser resolution, and network location, however", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nwe do not combine the information collected through the use of Google Analytics with personally identifiable information. Although Google Analytics plants a permanent cookie on your web browser to identify you as a unique user the next time you visit the Sites, the cookie cannot be used by anyone but Google. Google\u2019 s ability to use and share information collected by Google Analytics about your visits to the Sites is restricted by the Google Analytics Terms of Use and the Google Privacy Policy", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nYou can prevent Google Analytics from recognizing you on return visits to the Sites by disabling cookies on your browser, however, please note that if you do this you may not be able to use the full functionality of the Sites.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nLog File Information: Log file information is automatically reported by your browser each time you access a web page. When you register with or view our Sites, our servers automatically record certain information that your web browser sends whenever you visit any website", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThese server logs may include information such as your web request, Internet Protocol addresses or other device identifiers, browser information, Internet Service Provider, operating system, location, date/time stamp, clickstream data, referring/exit pages and URLs, domain names, landing pages, pages viewed, and other such information.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nCalifornia Business & Professions Code Section 22575(b) (as amended effective January 1, 2014) provides that California residents are entitled to know how a website operator responds to \u201cDo Not Track\u201d (DNT) browser settings. DNT is a feature offered by some browsers which, when enabled, sends a signal to websites to request that your browsing is not tracked, such as by third party ad networks, social networks and analytic companies", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe do not engage in the collection of personally identifiable information about users\u2019 online activities over time and across third party websites when an individual uses our Sites and therefore do not respond to DNT signals.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe share your information internally at the CSU to facilitate and manage the purposes listed above, including with third parties whom the University engages to process your personal information on our behalf for the purposes stated above (such as vendors who help the University with our marketing, application processing, financial aid or payment processing, education management, and web hosting)", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThe University may also share your personal data with government and law enforcement agencies or regulators (1) to comply with a legal process, subpoena, order or other legal or regulatory requirement applicable to us; (2) to enforce our terms of use or other policies; or (3) to pursue available legal remedies or defend against legal claims", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe may also share your personal information with a third party as requested by you if permitted by this and other University policies and applicable laws and regulations", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe will not distribute or share any electronically collected personal information (as defined in subdivision (d) of California Government Code section 11015.5) about users to any third party without prior written permission from the user except in narrow circumstances involving possible violations of Section 502 of the Penal Code or as authorized under law (including but not limited to the Information Practices Act), or to assist another state agency or public law enforcement organization in any case where the security of a network operated by a state agency has been, or is suspected of having been, breached.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe fully cooperate with law enforcement agencies in identifying those who use our Sites or services for illegal activities. We may report to law enforcement agencies any activities that we in good faith believe to be unlawful", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nRelease of your personal information for security purposes, as described in this Notice to any person or entity, including, without limitation, in connection with any government investigation or litigation, shall be based on a determination made solely by us, as permitted by law or, for those not in the EEA, exercising our discretion for which you expressly grant permission to us in accordance with this Notice.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe take reasonable physical, managerial, and technical safeguards to preserve the integrity and security of your personal information against loss, unauthorized access, and illegal use or disclosure. Such personal information is stored by the University in secure locations and University staff is trained on procedures for the management of personal information, including limitations on the release of information", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nAccess to personal information is limited to those members of the University\u2019s staff whose work requires such access. Confidential information is destroyed according to the University\u2019s records retention schedule. The University conducts periodic reviews to ensure that proper information management policies and procedures are understood and followed.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThe security of your personal information is important to us, but please remember that no method of transmission over the Internet or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While we strive to use commercially reasonable means to protect your personal information, we cannot ensure or warrant the absolute security of any information you transmit to the Sites, and you do so at your own risk", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nOnce we receive your transmission of information, we make commercially reasonable efforts to ensure the security of our systems. However, please note that this is not a guarantee that such information may not be accessed, disclosed, altered, or destroyed by breach of any of our physical, technical, or managerial safeguards. While we strive to protect your personal information and privacy, we cannot guarantee the security of any information you disclose online.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe encourage all individuals to use appropriate safeguards to secure their computers and the information on those computers. For additional information on online privacy and security, please see the University\u2019s policies and procedures related to Information Security; you may also consult with the California Attorney General\u2019s Privacy Enforcement and Protection website.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIn the event that personal information is compromised as a result of a breach of security, we will promptly investigate and notify those persons whose personal information has been compromised in accordance with the notification procedures set forth in the CSU Information Security Policy, or as otherwise required by applicable law.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe are not responsible for the practices employed by websites linked to or from our Sites nor the information or content contained in them, and we make no warranty, either express or implied, concerning the content of any such site, including the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of them for any particular purpose, nor do we warrant that any such site or content is free from any claims of copyright, trademark, or other infringement of the rights of third parties, or that any such site or content is devoid of viruses or other contamination", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe may provide links to other websites to you solely as a convenience, and the inclusion of linked sites does not imply endorsement by the University or CSU of any of the linked sites. Please remember that when you use a link to go from our Sites to another website, our Notice is no longer in effect. Your browsing and interaction on any other website, including those that have a link on our Sites, is subject to that website\u2019s own rules and policies", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nPlease read over those rules and policies before proceeding. We do not ensure the security of your personal information if you visit websites not belonging to CSU, nor are we the data controller for any information collected on those sites unless we specifically state so. We further reserve the right to terminate a link to a third party site at any time.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe comply with all applicable regulations regarding data retention and deletion of personal data and retain personal information only for as long as necessary to fulfill the purpose for which it was collected (including for college operations), for strategic planning, and to comply with applicable laws and retention requirements", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nYou can ask to review, update or make changes to the personal information we maintain about you, or exercise your option of having your personal information discarded without reuse or distribution, by sending a written request to the postal or email address set out below. We may take a reasonable period of time to respond", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIf you request the deactivation or change of information on our system, such information may be retained in our backup systems for a period of time subject to technology restrictions, or as a precaution against systems failures. Some information may be retained for longer periods as required by law, contract or auditing requirements or as otherwise described in this Notice.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nYou have the option to decline providing information about yourself online and may use other methods, such as U.S. mail, to respond to requests for information or to communicate with us. You may use the contact information listed below to ask about additional alternatives to providing or obtaining information through use of our Sites.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nBy providing us your email address, you consent to our use of your email address to send you Site and service-related notices, including any notices required by law, in lieu of communication by postal mail. We may also use your email address to send you other messages, including, but not limited to, newsletters, information on campus activities, programs and events, legal updates, changes to features of our Sites or services, or other account information", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nYou can choose not to receive such emails from us by \u201cunsubscribing\u201d using the instructions in any email you receive from us, or by sending a written request to the postal or email address set out below. It may take up to thirty (30) business days for us to process your request. This will not stop us from sending emails about your account or your transactions with us, or any other service-related email", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nOpting out does not affect our communications with you via telephone or mail nor does it affect our use of your non-personally identifiable information as described in this Notice.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nIf you are an individual located in the EEA only, you have certain rights with regard to your personal data collected while you are in the EEA", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nThese rights may include right of access, right of correction, right to be forgotten, right to restrict processing of your identifiable personal information, right to notice related to changes/deletion/processing limits, right to data portability, right to objection, right not to be subject to decisions based solely on automated processing, and right to withdraw consent", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nSome of these rights are restricted by law to information that was collected on the basis of explicit consent, or are restricted by other conditions (such as necessity for contract or to comply with the law). You have the right to contact us in connection with the exercise of your rights under applicable EEA law, which you can do through the contact information below, or by sending an email to privacy@calstate.edu", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe will respond to your written request without unreasonable delay and in accordance with any deadlines imposed by law. Unless we notify you at the time of your request, we will not charge you any fee in connection with the exercise of your rights. If you are not satisfied with our response, you have the right to complain to or seek advice from a supervisory authority and/or bring a claim against us in any court of competent jurisdiction.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe reserve the right to modify this Notice at any time. It is our policy to provide notifications, whether such notifications are required by law or are for other operational purposes, to you via email notice, written or hard copy notice, or through conspicuous posting of such notice on our Sites page, as determined by the University in its sole discretion", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nWe reserve the right to determine the form and means of providing notifications to you, provided that you may opt out of certain means of notification as described in this Notice. You are responsible for ensuring we have an up-to-date active and deliverable email address for you, and for periodically visiting our Sites and this Notice to check for any changes.", "Privacy notice | California State University Monterey Bay\nFor changes to our Privacy Notice, it is our policy to post any changes we make on this page. The date the Notice was last revised is identified at the top of the page. We will provide notice on the Sites, or at csumb.edu, prior to the effective date of any change. Your continued use of the Sites after any change in this Notice will constitute your acceptance of such change.\nIf you have any questions about this Notice or the practices of our Sites, you may contact us using one of the following methods:"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.epagine.fr/ebook/9780857387073-the-expo-files-larsson-stieg/

The Expo Files

["The Expo Files\nWith an introduction by Tariq Ali. Now almost exclusively known as the author of the bestselling Trilogy, as a professional journalist Stieg Larsson was an untiring crusader for democracy and equality. As a reporter and editor-in-chief on the journal Expo he researched the extreme right both in Sweden and at an international level. Collected here for the first time are essays and articles on right-wing extremism and racism, on violence against women and women's rights, on homophobia and honour killings", "The Expo Files\nIncluded also is an account written for Vagabond magazine of his travels aboard the Trans-Siberian Express from Moscow to Beijing. His most important writings - perceptive, learned and committed texts - illustrate the breadth of his journalistic and political activities in connection with matters that were closest to his heart, and to which he devoted his life", "The Expo Files\nDespite death threats and financial difficulties, Larsson never ceased to fight for and write about his most firmly held principles; it was his commitment to these which gave his best-selling novels their explosive force. b"]

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RedPajama-Data-V2

https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/crime/2010/02/27/prosecutor-police-assembled-complex-case/51689752007/

Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder

["Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nProsecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nBRIAN FRAGA\nNEW BEDFORD \u2014 Detectives who investigated the 1986 murder of Marni Larkin Roy interviewed more than 200 people, visited Florida three times to search for witnesses, monitored at least 400 hours of jailhouse telephone calls and even drained a submerged quarry.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\n\"I can't even tell you how many miles we put on our cars,\" Acushnet Police Detective Thomas Carreau said Thursday, minutes after a jury convicted Robert J. Roy, 46, of killing his estranged wife in March 1986 and dumping her body in a Dartmouth quarry known as The Ledge.\nThe complex nature of the Roy case was evident as prosecutors William McCauley and Marni Peck presented decades-old evidence and called on dozens of witnesses during almost three weeks of testimony at New Bedford Superior Court.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nThe witnesses included friends, relatives and associates of the victim and the defendant. Police officers, active and retired, testified to what they knew 24 years ago, when Larkin Roy vanished in Acushnet, and what they learned in 2007, when the cold case was revived.\nPolice arrested Roy in October 2007 after two witnesses came forward and told detectives he had admitted to them that he killed his wife and dumped her in a \"bottomless pit\" because he was jealous that she was dating other men.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nIn April 1990, recreational divers discovered Larkin Roy's skeletal remains in the quarry. Her legs were tied together with a rope and weighted with a cinder block.\nAs head of the Bristol County District Attorney's Cold Case Unit, and the chief prosecutor in the Roy case, McCauley was able to assemble disparate pieces of evidence to present a convincing picture to jurors that Roy had the motive and the capacity to kill his wife.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\n\"It was a complex case, like a mosaic, that Bill had to piece together step by step,\" said Bristol County District Attorney C. Samuel Sutter, who hired McCauley shortly after the 2006 state elections.\nA letter the victim's friend took with her to the grand jury in 2007 led prosecutors to link Larkin Roy's DNA \u2014 it was on the stamp on the letter \u2014 to DNA taken from a bloodstain on a denim jacket that Roy wore in the 1980s.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nTo corroborate friends' testimony that Roy abused the victim, McCauley called on a retired New Bedford patrol officer who testified that he served a restraining order on Roy in October 1985.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nThe prosecution team also called on a Standard-Times clerk to refute a defense lawyer's suggestion that a jailhouse witness who testified that Roy admitted to him that he committed the murder got the idea from reading the newspaper last year. The clerk testified that The Standard-Times did not publish any stories on the Roy case at that time.\n\"I think all the credit goes to Bill McCauley. He's the guy. He did a great job,\" Acushnet Police Sgt. Gary Coppa said.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\n\"He's a very thorough prosecutor,\" said state police Detective Lt. Stephen M. O'Reilly, who is assigned to the Bristol County District Attorney's Office. \"He looks at all the evidence, the probable cause and moves forward. He's just a very aggressive prosecutor.\"", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nMcCauley was in private practice when Sutter offered him a job in 2006. McCauley previously was a prosecutor in Plymouth County, where he developed an interest in cold cases. In 1997, he helped solve a 15-year-old murder that involved three suspects.\nSince 2007, the Bristol County Cold Case Unit has brought charges in seven previously unsolved homicides. Last year, McCauley handled the trial of Derek Woollam, who was convicted of first-degree murder for shooting a man in Swansea in 2006.", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\n\"Everything I've seen from Bill since day one just confirms my instincts in hiring him,\" Sutter said.\nDetectives who have worked with McCauley in other cases also have high praise for him.\n\"I would be hard pressed to find someone in any line of work with a work ethic that would exceed his,\" said New Bedford Police Detective Andrew Simmons. \"He is probably the largest proponent in investigating and prosecuting the unsolved homicides, which had previously plagued New Bedford.\"", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nMcCauley, a West Point graduate, deflected the praise, saying the Acushnet, Dartmouth and state police detectives who investigated the Roy case with him deserved the recognition.\n\"They cared so much about Marni Larkin, and most of them never even met her,\" he said. \"It was a great team effort.\"", "Prosecutor, police assembled complex case to convict Robert Roy of murder\nMcCauley also thanked Sutter for committing resources to the investigation. The district attorney's office spent $12,000 in September 2007 to drain the quarry for three days so police divers could search for evidence.\n\"We expended a lot of resources, but when you can administer justice to a family that waited 24 years, I think people would say it was worth it,\" Sutter said."]

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RedPajama-Data-V2