Hugging Face's logo

Datasets:
QubitPi
/
wilhelm-vocabulary

Modalities:
Text
Formats:
json
Languages:
English
German
Latin
Size:
1K - 10K
Tags:
Natural Language Processing
NLP
Vocabulary
German
Latin
Ancient Greek
Libraries:
Datasets
pandas
License:
Dataset card Viewer Files Community
1
wilhelm-vocabulary / README.md
QubitPi's picture
QubitPi
Add more German vocabularies (#57)
7af9c6a unverified
preview code
|
raw
history blame
24.1 kB

Wilhelm Vocabulary

Vocabulary count - German Vocabulary count - Latin Vocabulary count - Ancient Greek Docker Hub

GitHub workflow status badge Hugging Face sync status badge Hugging Face dataset badge Apache License Badge

Wilhelm Vocabulary is the data that drives the wilhelmlang.com.

Docker

A Docker image has been made to allow us to explore the vocabulary in Neo4J browser backed by a Neo4J database in container. To get the image and run the container, simply do:

docker run \
    --publish=7474:7474 \
    --publish=7687:7687 \
    --env=NEO4J_AUTH=none \
    --env=NEO4J_ACCEPT_LICENSE_AGREEMENT=yes \
    -e NEO4JLABS_PLUGINS=\[\"apoc\"\] \
    --env NEO4J_browser_remote__content__hostname__whitelist=https://raw.githubusercontent.com \
    --env NEO4J_browser_post__connect__cmd="style https://raw.githubusercontent.com/QubitPi/wilhelm-vocabulary/refs/heads/master/graphstyle.grass" \
    jack20191124/wilhelm-vocabulary

The image is based on Neo4J Enterprise 5.23.0.

  • When container starts, access neo4j through browser at http://localhost:7474
  • Both bolt:// and neo4j:// protocols are fine.
  • Choose No authentication for Authentication type
  • Then hit Connect as shown below

Connecting to Neo4J Docker

We have offered some queries that can be used to quickly explore our language data in the next section

Interesting Queries

  • Search for all Synonyms: MATCH (term:Term)-[r]-(synonym:Term) WHERE r.name = "synonym" RETURN term, r, synonym

  • Finding all gerunds: MATCH (source)-[link:RELATED]->(target) WHERE link.name = "gerund of" RETURN source, link, target;

  • Expanding a word "nรคmlich" (reveals its relationship to other languages):

    MATCH (term:Term{label:'nรคmlich'})
CALL apoc.path.expand(term, "LINK", null, 1, 3)
YIELD path
RETURN path, length(path) AS hops
ORDER BY hops;

    Expanding "nรคmlich"

  • In German, "rice" and "travel" are related:

    MATCH (term:Term{label:'die Reise'})
CALL apoc.path.expand(term, "LINK", null, 1, 3)
YIELD path
RETURN path, length(path) AS hops
ORDER BY hops;

    Declension sharing

  • MATCH (term:Term{label:'die Schwester'}) CALL apoc.path.expand(term, "LINK", null, 1, -1) YIELD path RETURN path, length(path) AS hops ORDER BY hops;

Data Format

The data that serves wilhelmlang.com. They are written in YAML format, because

  1. it is machine-readable so that it can be consumed quickly in data pipelines
  2. it is human-readable and, thus, easy to read and modify
  3. it supports multi-lines value which is very handy for language data

Encoding Table in YAML

To encode the inflections which are common in most Indo-European languages, an application-specific YAML that looks like the following are employed throughout this repository:

  - term: der Gegenstand
    definition:
      - object
      - thing
    declension:
      - ["",         singular,                    plural      ]
      - [nominative, Gegenstand,                  Gegenstรคnde ]
      - [genitive,   "Gegenstandes, Gegenstands", Gegenstรคnde ]
      - [dative,     Gegenstand,                  Gegenstรคnden]
      - [accusative, Gegenstand,                  Gegenstรคnde ]

  • A list under declension is a table row
  • All rows have the same number of columns
  • Each element of the list corresponds to a table cell

The declension (inflection) table above is equivalent to

singular plural
nominative Gegenstand Gegenstรคnde
genitive Gegenstandes, Gegenstands Gegenstรคnde
dative Gegenstand Gegenstรคnden
accusative Gegenstand Gegenstรคnde

Data Pipeline

Data pipeline

When the graph database is Neo4J, all constrains relating to the Term node must be using:

SHOW CONSTRAINTS
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;

This is because certain vocabulary has multiple grammatical forms. This vocabulary is spread out as multiple entries. These multiple entries, because they have lots of common properties, often triggers constraint violations in Neo4J on load

How Data (Vocabulary) is Stored in a Graph Database

Why Graph Database

Graph data representation assumes universal connectivity among world entities. This applies pretty well to the realm of languages. Multilanguage learners have already seen that Indo-European languages are similar in many aspects. The similarities not only signify the historical facts about Philology but also surface a great opportunity for multilanguage learners to take advantages of them and study much more efficiently. What's missing is connecting the dots using Graph Databases that visually presents these vastly enlightening links between the related languages in a natural way.

Base Schema 

vocabulary:
  - term: string
    definition: list

The meaning of a word is called the definition. A term has a natural relationship to its definition(s). For example, the German noun "Ecke" has at least 4 definitions:

Relationship between term and defintion(s)

Graph data generated by wilhelm-python-sdk

The parenthesized value at the beginning of each definition item played an un-ignorable role: it is the label of the relationship between term and definition in graph database loaded by Wilhelm SDK. For example, both German words

- term: denn
  definition:
    - (adv.) then, thus
    - (conj.) because

and

 - term: nรคmlich
   definition:
     - (adj.) same
     - (adv.) namely
     - (adv.) because

can mean "because" acting as different types. This is visualized as follows:

error loading example.png

Visualzing synonyms this way presents a big advantage to human brain who is exceedingly good at memorizing patterns

Languages

German

Pronoun

The declension table of a pronoun follows:

declension:
  - ["",         masclune, feminine, neuter, plural]
  - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]

Noun

term with a definite article of der/die/das signifies a noun which has a declension table template of the following form:

declension:
  - ["",         singular, plural]
  - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]

For example:

  - term: das Getrรคnk
    definition: the drink
    declension:
      - ["",         singular,            plural   ]
      - [nominative, Getrรคnk,             Getrรคnke ]
      - [genitive,   Getrรคnkes, Getrรคnks, Getrรคnke ]
      - [dative,     Getrรคnk,             Getrรคnken]
      - [accusative, Getrรคnk,             Getrรคnke ]

The declension tables for nouns are almost all sourced from Wiktionary and tiny from (if not present in Wiktionary) Verbformen

Adjectival nouns, however, do NOT follow the template above but employs the following template:

declension:
  strong:
    - ["",         singular, plural]
    - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  weak:
    - ["",         singular, plural]
    - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  mixed:
    - ["",         singular, plural]
    - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
    - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]

Ancient Greek

Unless otherwise mentioned, we are always talking about Attic Greek.

Ancient Greek vocabulary come from the following sources

Diacritic Mark Convention

We employ the following 3 diacritic signs only in vocabulary:

  1. the acute (ฮฌ)
  2. the circumflex (แพถ), and
  3. the grave (แฝฐ)

In fact, it is called the medium diacritics and the same convention used in Loeb Classical Library prints from Harvard. Notice that, however, the commonly sourced Wiktionary uses full diacritics, including the breve diacritic mark; we don't do that.

Pronoun

The source of pronouns and their declensions are the following

More grammar about pronouns can be found in these great articles from Ancient Greek for Everyone above

The declension table of a pronoun follows:

declension:
  - ["",         singular, plural]
  - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [vocative,   N/A,      N/A   ]

Noun

The vocabulary entry for each noun consists of its nominative and genitive forms, an article which indicates the noun's gender all in its term attribute. The English meaning(s) come as a list under definition attribute. For example.

  - term: ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮท ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮทฯ‚, แผก
    definition:
      - art,
      - skill,
      - craft
    declension class: 1st

the vocabulary entry above consists of the following 5 items:

  1. ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮท: nominative singular

  2. ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮทฯ‚: genitive singular

  3. แผก: nominative feminine singular of the article, which shows that the gender of the noun is feminine. Gender will be indicated by the appropriate form of the definite article "the":

    • แฝ for the masculine nouns
    • แผก for the feminine nouns
    • ฯ„ฯŒ for the neutor nouns

  4. a list of English meanings of the word

  5. the noun employs the first declension. The 3 classes of declensions are

    1. first declension (1st)
    2. second declension (2nd)
    3. third declension (3rd)

The declension of the entry is not shown because to decline any noun, we can take the genitive singular, remove the genitive singular ending to get the stem, and then add the proper set of endings to the stem based on its declension class[^2].

[^2]: Greek: An Intensive Course, 2nd Revised Edition, Hansen & Quinn, p.20

For example, to decline ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮท ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮทฯ‚, แผก, art, take the genitive singular ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮทฯ‚, remove the genitive singular ending -ฮทฯ‚, and add the appropriate endings to the stem which gives following paradigm:

Case Singular Plural
nominative ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮท ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮฑฮน
genitive ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮตฯ‡ฮฝแฟถฮฝ
dative ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝแฟƒ ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮฑฮนฯ‚
accusative ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝแพฑฯ‚
vocative ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮท ฯ„ฮญฯ‡ฮฝฮฑฮน

Adjective Declension

Declension template:

declension:
  - ["",         singular,  singular, singular, dual,      dual,     dual    plural,    plural,   plural]
  - ["",         masculine, feminine, neuter,   masculine, feminine, neuter, masculine, feminine, neuter]
  - [nominative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [genitive,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [dative,     โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [accusative, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]
  - [vocative,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ]

Verb Conjugation

The Greek verb has 6 principal parts. All 6 must be learned whenever a new verb is encountered:

  1. (first person singular) present indicative active
  2. (first person singular) future indicative active
  3. (first person singular) aorist indicative active
  4. (first person singular) perfect indicative active
  5. (first person singular) perfect indicative passive
  6. (first person singular) aorist indicative passive

The minimum number of forms which one must know in order to generate all possible forms of a verb are called the principal parts of that verb.

From the 6 forms above, various verb forms (i.e. stems & endings) can be derived by rules[^4]

[^4]: Greek: An Intensive Course, 2nd Revised Edition, Hansen & Quinn, p.44

In practice, however, obtaining precise and complete principal parts for some verbs has been proven to be impossible. While the best efforts have been made for reconstructing the complete principal parts, we also put a link to the Wiktionary of each verb for wilhelm-python-sdk, which will dynamically load the complete conjugation tables into graph database.

What's also being loaded are the reconstructed principal parts with a list of references that validate the reconstruction.

In conclusion, the entry of a verb, thus, has the form of:

- term: string
  definition: list
  conjugation:
    wiktionary: string
    principal parts:
      - ["",                                                 Attic, (Possibly other dialects)]
      - [(first person singular) present indicative active,  โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, ...                      ]
      - [(first person singular) future indicative active,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, ...                      ]
      - [(first person singular) aorist indicative active,   โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, ...                      ]
      - [(first person singular) perfect indicative active,  โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, ...                      ]
      - [(first person singular) perfect indicative passive, โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, ...                      ]
      - [(first person singular) aorist indicative passive,  โ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆโ–ˆ, ...                      ]
    references: list

For example:

  - term: ฮปฮญฮณฯ‰
    definition:
      - to say, speak
      - to pick up
    conjugation:
      wiktionary: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ฮปฮญฮณฯ‰#Verb_2
      principal parts:
        - ["",                                                 Attic    , Koine          ]
        - [(first person singular) present indicative active,  ฮปฮญฮณฯ‰     , ฮปฮญฮณฯ‰           ]
        - [(first person singular) future indicative active,   ฮปฮญฮพฯ‰     , แผฯแฟถ            ]
        - [(first person singular) aorist indicative active,   แผ”ฮปฮตฮพฮฑ    , ฮตแผถฯ€ฮฟฮฝ/ฮตแผถฯ€ฮฑ     ]
        - [(first person singular) perfect indicative active,  (missing), ฮตแผดฯฮทฮบฮฑ         ]
        - [(first person singular) perfect indicative passive, ฮปฮญฮปฮตฮณฮผฮฑฮน , ฮปฮญฮปฮตฮณฮผฮฑฮน       ]
        - [(first person singular) aorist indicative passive,  แผฮปฮญฯ‡ฮธฮทฮฝ  , แผฯฯฮญฮธฮทฮฝ/แผฯฯฮฎฮธฮทฮฝ]
      references:
        - https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ฮปฮญฮณฯ‰#Inflection
        - http://atticgreek.org/downloads/allPPbytypes.pdf
        - https://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0264/ch25.xhtml
        - https://www.billmounce.com/greek-dictionary/lego
        - https://koine-greek.fandom.com/wiki/ฮ›ฮญฮณฯ‰

Latin

The vocabulary and declensions come from the following sources

vocabulary:
  - term: string
    definition: list

Classical Hebrew (Coming Soon)

The vocabulary is presented to help read and understand Biblical Hebrew. A complementary audio helps well with the pronunciation.

Korean

ไธญๅ›ฝไบบๅญฆไน ้Ÿฉ่ฏญๆœ‰ๅ…ˆๅคฉไผ˜ๅŠฟ๏ผŒๅŠ ไน‹้Ÿฉ่ฏญๆœฌ่บซไนŸๆ˜ฏไธ€้—จ็›ธๅฝ“็ฎ€ๅ•็š„่ฏญ่จ€๏ผŒๆ‰€ไปฅ่ฟ™้‡Œๅฐ†่ฏญๆณ•ๅ’Œ่ฏๆฑ‡ๅˆๅนถๅœจไธ€่ตท๏ผ› ๆฏไธ€้กนไนŸๅช็”ฑ term๏ผˆ้Ÿฉ๏ผ‰ๅ’Œ definition๏ผˆไธญ๏ผ‰็ป„ๆˆ๏ผŒ

vocabulary:
  - term: string
    definition: list of strings
    example:
      - Korean: ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ ด ๊ทธ์ชฝ ํŽธ์— ์„œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”
        Chinese: ๆˆ‘ๆ— ่ฎบๅฆ‚ไฝ•้ƒฝไผš็ซ™ๅœจไฝ ่ฟ™่พน
      - Korean: ...
        Chinese: ...

ไธ็”จ่ดนๅคชๅคšๅŠŸๅคซ่ฎฐ็‰ข็ฎ€ๅ•็š„่ฏญๆณ•ๅ’Œ่ฏๆฑ‡๏ผŒๅ‰ฉไธ‹็š„ๅฐฑๆ˜ฏๆ‹ฟ้Ÿฉ่ฏญๅญ—ๅน•ๅ‰งไธๅœ็ปƒไน ๅฌ่ฏด่ฏปๅ†™ๆ—ขๆˆใ€‚example ไธญ็š„ไพ‹ๅฅๅ‡ๆฅ่‡ช้Ÿฉๅ›ฝๆœฌๅœŸ่ฏญๆ–™

้Ÿฉ่ฏญไธๅฑžไบŽๆฑ‰่—่ฏญ็ณป๏ผŒๅ› ๅ…ถๆ‰€ๅฑž่ฏญ็ณป้žๅธธ็‹ญๅฐ๏ผŒๆ— ๆณ•ๅ’Œๅ…ถๅฎƒ่ฏญ่จ€ไบง็”Ÿ่ถณๅคŸๅ…ณ่”๏ผŒๅ› ๆญคๅ…ถๆ•ฐๆฎๆš‚ๆ—ถไธ่ขซๅญ˜ๅ…ฅๅ›พๆ•ฐๆฎๅบ“่ฟ›่กŒๆ•ฐๆฎๅˆ†ๆž

License

The use and distribution terms for wilhelm-vocabulary are covered by the Apache License, Version 2.0.