Tırmanma terimleri

Bu sayfada tırmanma konusunda sık karşılaşılan sözcükler, kavramlar, ve kavramlaşmış ticari ürün isimleri olabildiğince bir de resmiyle, kısaca tanıtılır. Kendi sayfası varsa link verilir. Resmi Türkçesi Türkçe açıklama İngilizcesi İngilizce açıklama 130px Abalakov thread A type of abseiling point used especially in winter and ice climbing. Also known as V-thread. 130px Ablation zone The area of a glacier where yearly melting meets or exceeds the annual snow fall. 130px İp boyu iniş Tırmanıcının sabit ip ile gerçekleştirdiği iniş süreci Abseil The process by which a climber can descend a fixed rope. Also known as Rappel. 130px ACR (Alpine Cock Ring) An anchor method similar to a cordelette but that is dynamically equalizing. It employs a cord and a rappel ring. 130px Keser ağzı Buz baltasının sapına dik kesici ağzı olan ve ayağın basıp tutunabileceği yer kazmaya yarayan balta dili. Adze A thin blade mounted perpendicular to the handle on an ice axe that can be used for chopping footholds. 130px Önceden yerleştirilmiş koruyucu veya yardımcı alet edavata bağlanarak sağlama alma veya tutunarak kendini yukarı çekme temelli tırmanma usulü. Aid climbing A style of climbing in which standing on or pulling oneself up via devices attached to fixed or placed protection is used to make upward progress. 130px Geleneksel dağa tırmanma; yüksek ihtimalle biraz buz, biraz kuru kaya içeren güzrgahlarda, gereken her şeyi üzerinde taşıyarak, bazen gecelemeli tırmanma usulü. Alpine climbing Generally climbing in the mountains. Probably includes a mixture of ice climbing and dry-tooling. Alpine style generally means carrying all gear in a backpack even for multi day climbs. 130px diz üstü Alpine knee To use your knee as a way to gain ground on a climb. 130px Akşamdan her şeyi hazır edip sabah erken güneş doğmadan tırmanmak için yola çıkmak. Alpine start To make an efficient start on a long climb by packing all your gear the previous evening and starting early in the morning, usually well before sunrise. 130px Yükseklik/İrtifa hastalığı Altitude sickness A medical condition that is often observed at high altitudes. Also known as Acute mountain sickness, or AMS. 130px Amerikan ölüm üçgeni İp halkasını iki nokta arasına asıp daha sonra tırmanma (ya da iniş) ipini halkanın sadece bir kenarına tutturmak. Bu durumda tırmanma ipine yük bindiğinde halka bir üçgen oluşturur ve tutunma noktalarına gereksizce büyük kuvvetler yükler ve tepeye tutunma düzeneğinin güvenilirliğini azaltır, tehlikelidir. American death triangle An anchor which is created by connecting a closed loop of cord or webbing between two points of protection, and then suspending the rope from a carabiner clipped to only one strand of said anchor. This creates a triangular shape in the webbing or cord, which places massively multiplied inward forces on the protection, making it a dangerous, ineffective anchor. 130px Anchor An arrangement of one or (usually) more pieces of gear set up to support the weight of a belay or top rope. 130px Asıl tırmanmanın başlayacağı noktaya yaklaşma güzegahı; sadece yürüyüş gerektirse bile genellikle tırmanmanın kendisi kadar tehlikeli olabilir. Approach The path or route to the start of a technical climb. Although this is generally a walk or, at most, a scramble it is occasionally as hazardous as the climb itself. 130px Basamak, tutanak, #Dik kaya yüzeyinin dışa doğru dar açılı çıkıntısı #Buz aşındırmasıyla oluşan sivri/keskin bir kaya kenarı #Suni tırmanma duvarında bÿle bir çıkıntıya tutunarak tırmanma usulü. (Tersi yani dar bir yarığa ya da girintiye tutunarak tırmanma usulü de vardır). Arête # A small ridge-like feature or a sharp outward facing corner on a steep rock face # Arête, a narrow ridge of rock formed by glacial erosion # A method of indoor climbing, in which one is able to use such a corner as a hold. See also dihedral. 130px Kolu çatlağa kilitlemek Dar kaya çatlağına tutunma yöntemi. Arm bar Jamming an arm into a crack and locking it into place. 130px parmak ucuyla tutunmak Parmakların ilk eklemleri açık ve çok gergin, son eklemleri 90 derece bükük şekilde tutunmak. Bu yöntem kasları parmağa bağlayan tendonlara fazla kuvvet ve yumuşak parmak uçlarına çok basınç yükler, ve çok kullanıldığında zedelenmelere, sakatlıklara sebep olmasıyla bilinir. Arqué (from the French word meaning arched) Used to describe crimping. In this position typically the first set of knuckles are hyperextended and the second have a sharp angle of about 90 degrees. This combines muscular effort with soft tissue tensions in order to apply the load. When used often, this position has been known to over-stress the tendons in fingers and lead to injuries. 130px ipte (alet yardımıyla) yükselme Ascend To climb a rope using aid device. 130px yükseltici İpi tutmaya yarayan, kendini çektikten sonra kolayca ip boyu yeri değiştirilebilen alet Ascender A device for ascending on a rope. 130px yamaç yönü Aspect The direction in which a slope faces.Aspect (geography) 130px ATC Black Diamond firmasının kontrollü indirme cihazı adının alet çeşidi adı olmuş hali (ATC aslında Hava trafik kontrolü yani havaalanı kulesindekilerin yaptığı işin adı idi) ATC A proprietary belay device manufactured by Black Diamond. Has become common term for any tubular belay devices. ATC originally stood for 'Air Traffic Controller'. 130px Automatic belay A fast method for setting up a two-point anchor in sport climbing, using the climbing rope to attach to the anchor points. 130px Tırmanıcının düşmesi durumunda ipin bacaklar arasında dolalı gerilip kemer yerine ipe yük bindirerek düşüşü durdurması. Austrian floss When a climber falls in a manner where the rope that they are attached to runs through their legs; upon falling, the rope tightens and suspends the climber via the rope rather than the harness. 130px John Gill adlı tırmanıcının buluşu tırmanma zorluğu ölçümü derecelemesinde bir değer. Şimdilerde daha çok "V" grading system kullanılır. "B"-grade A grading system for bouldering problems, invented by John Gill. Now largely superseded by the "V" grading system. 130px İç kasları luvvetlendiren idman aleti Bachar ladder A piece of training equipment used to improve campusing and core strength. 130px Liderli tırmanmada tehlikeli bir hata. Liderin emniyet ipi kaya yüzeyinde asılı bir karabinaya dıştan içeriye doğru yükselen yönde, dil altından geçirilmişse, Liderin düşme durumunda emniyet ipi karabinanın dili etrafında içerden dışarıya doğru dolanıp yüklenebilir, dil içeriye doğru açılabilir, ve ip karabinadan kurtulabilir. Back-clipping A potentially hazardous mistake that can be made while lead climbing. The rope is clipped into a quickdraw such that the leader's end runs underneath the quickdraw as opposed to over top of it. If the leader falls, the rope may fold directly over the gate causing it to open and release the rope from the carabiner. 130px Cayıp tırmanmadan geri dönme Bail To retreat from a climb. 130px Bütün vücudun bir eksen etrafında ahır kapısı gibi kontrolsüz dönmesi Barn-door If all points of contact climber has with the wall are on a straight axis, or close to it, his body might swing uncontrollably downward around this axis, like a door on a hinge. 130px Bakır başlıklı çatlak kazığı Bashie A copperhead intended for pounding into a crack 130px Tırmananın düşmesi durumunda sürtünmeyle ÿavaşlatmak ve durdurmak temelli emniyet ipinin öbür ucundan kontrolü; bu amaçlı aletler den önce ip yardımcının kalçasına sarılır, sürtünme ile frenleme sağlanırdı. Belay To protect a roped climber from falling by passing the rope through, or around, any type of friction enhancing belay device. Before belay devices were invented, the rope was simply passed around the belayer's hips to create friction. 130px İp fireni(?) Düşme durumunda sürtünmeyle frenlemek, ÿavaşlatmak ve durdurmaya yarayan mekanik alet.Birçok çeşitleri vardır; ATC, grigri, Reverso, Sticht plate, sekizli ve tuber. Birçoğu indirici olarak da kullanılabilir. Bazen munter bağı da ip fireni olarak kullanılabilir. Belay device A mechanical device used to create friction when belaying by putting bends in the rope. Many types of belay devices exist, including ATC, grigri, Reverso, Sticht plate, eight and tuber. Some belay devices may also be used as descenders. A Munter hitch can sometimes be used instead of a belay device. 130px İp fireni halkası kemer ve koşum ¨zerindeki en kuvvetli halka. Oraya başka şeylerde bağlamak, eskitmek, iyi olmaz. Belay Loop The strongest point on the harness. This is the loop you use your belay device on. You should not tie anything around the belay loop such as a daisy chain or sling. The belay loop will wear more quickly. 130px Frenin kaldırılması isteğinde cevaben Yardımcının ipte artık firen olmadığını tasdik eden doğrulayan sözleri. Belay off Called by belayer to confirm belay has been removed from climbing rope. Response to Off belay request. 130px Tırmanıcının yardımcıdan firenin ipten kaldırılması isteği Belay on Called by belayer to confirm belay has been (re)applied to climbing rope. Response to On belay request. 130px Firen kölesi Devamlı yardımcılık yaptırılan, hiç tırmanma faaliyetlerine katılamayan Belay slave Someone that volunteers for, or is tricked into, repeated belaying duties without partaking in any of the actual climbing. 130px Plansız geceleme çadır veya sığınağı Benightment: An unscheduled overnight bivouac often due to an epic. 130px Buzulda bir yarık tipi Bergschrund (or schrund) A crevasse that forms on the upper portion of a glacier where the moving section pulls away from the headwall. Also called a 'shrund. 130px Zor bir tırmanma güzergâhını başarıyla tamamlamanın püf noktaları; bilindiğinde güzergâhın değer kaybettiğini düşünenler vardır. Beta Advice on how to successfully complete (or protect) a particular climbing route, boulder problem, or crux sequence. Some climbers believe that beta 'taints' an ascent. 130px Püf noktalarını duyup tırmanma güzergâhını ilk denemede başarıyla tamamlama. Beta flash The clean ascent of a climb on the first attempt, having previously obtained beta or while having beta shouted up from the ground en route. Also see on-sight. ;Bicycle : A technique used to keep the feet on when climbing on overhangs. One foot is placed on a foothold and the other foot is placed behind the foothold in a toe hook position. The climber can now squeeze the hold between the feet. 130px Ancak iki parmağın sığabileceği tutanak deliği Bidoigt (French "two fingers") A climbing hold, typically a pocket or hueco, that has enough room for two fingers. See also mono. 130px Bir günde tırmanılamayacak dolayısıyla¨gecelemek için gerekli malzemelerinde tırmanılan ara noktalara torbalarla çıkarıldığı tırmanma güzergâhı Big wall A climb on which most parties will spend more than one day. Big wall style generally refers to hauling the needed gear (food, water, sleeping bags) in a haulbag. Instead of carrying the gear on their person, the climbers put it in the haul bag and raise it in between pitches. 130px Biner : See Carabiner. 130px Bivy (or bivvy) From the French "bivouac". A camp, or the act of camping, overnight while still on a climbing route off the ground. May involve nothing more than lying down or sitting on a rock ledge without any sleeping gear. When there is no rock ledge available, such as on a sheer vertical wall, a portaledge that hangs from anchors on the wall can be used. 130px Bivy-bag A lightweight garment or sack offering full-body protection from wind and rain. 130px Bollard A large knob of rock or ice used as a belay anchor. 130px Bolt A point of protection permanently installed in a hole drilled into the rock, to which a metal hanger is attached, having a hole for a carabiner or ring. 130px Bolt chopping The deliberate and destructive removal of one or more bolts. 130px Bomb-proof anchor A totally secure anchor. Also known as bomber. Bomber can also refer to a particularly solid handhold or foothold (a "Bomber Jug") 130px Book or open book An inside angle in the rock. See also dihedral. 130px Booty Gear left behind at a climbing area. 130px Bosun's chair To reduce pains from heavy-duty climbing using a harness; such as long-time belaying or bolting a new route, climbers attach their harness with a special type of chair, which is usually light and has multiple high endurance straps and buckles. Similar types are also used in industrial climbing. 130px Bouldering The practice of climbing on large boulders. Typically this is close to the ground, so protection takes the form of crash pads and spotting instead of belay ropes. 130px Bridging see Stemming 130px Bucket A large handhold. 130px Bummer A slang word, referring to a difficult or uncomfortable hold, often one that tears the skin on the hand. 130px Bump A climbing technique wherein a hand or foot is moved to one hold then quickly moved up immediately to a further hold. This is often done over short distances advancing from an inferior hold to a superior one. 130px Buildering The art of climbing on buildings, which is often illegal. 130px Buttress A prominent feature that juts out from a rock or mountain. 130px Cairn A distinctive pile of stones placed to designate a summit or mark a trail, often above the treeline. 130px Cam A spring-loaded device used as protection. 130px Camming Motion or position where rotation of a piece of equipment or body part presses it tight against a rock, creating friction and holding it in place. As in Spring-loaded camming device, Heel-Toe Cammming, or knee bar camming. 130px Campus The act of climbing without using any feet. 130px Campus board Training equipment used to build finger strength and strong arm lock-offs. 130px Karabina Açıldığında kanca, kapandığında halka işlevi gören, bir çeşit köstek. Normalde halka olarak kullanılıp, sadece anlık ve geçici olarak kanca olması, yaylı, kendiliğinden kapanan kapısıyla hızlı kullanım kolaylığı sağlaması, bir de kazaen açılmaya karşı tedbirleri varoluş sebebidir. Carabiner Metal rings with spring-loaded gates, used as connectors. Usually oval or roughly D shaped. Also known as crab or biner (pronounced kar-uh-bee-ner). 130px Chalk A compound used to improve grip by absorbing sweat. It is actually gymnastics chalk, usually magnesium carbonate. Its use is controversial in some areas. 130px Chalk bag A hand-sized holder for a climber's chalk that is usually carried on a chalkbelt for easy access during a climb. ; Chest jam : Jamming the torso into a wide crack, for resting. 130px Chicken head see bollard, horn. ; Chicken Wing : This is a crack climbing technique. A hand is placed on one side of the crack and the shoulder on the other. 130px Chimney # A rock cleft with vertical sides mostly parallel, large enough to fit the climber's body into. To climb such a structure, the climber often uses his head, back and feet to apply opposite pressure on the vertical walls. # The process of using such a technique (chimneying). 130px Chipping Improving a hold by permanently altering the rock, which is considered unethical and unacceptable. 130px Chock # A mechanical device, or a wedge, used as anchors in cracks. # A naturally occurring stone wedged in a crack. 130px Choss Loose or "rotten" rock. 130px Classification See Grade. 130px Clawing Use of front points of crampons, ice axe pick and ice hammer pick to climb a slope. 130px Clean # To remove equipment from a route. # A route that is free of loose vegetation and rocks. # To complete a climb without falling or resting on the rope. Also see redpoint. # In aid climbing, abbreviated "C", a route that does not require the use of a hammer or any invasive addition of protection (such as pitons or copperheads) into the rock (see protection). 130px Cleaning tool A device for removing jammed equipment, especially nuts, from a route. Also known as a nut key or nut tool. 130px Climbing area A region that is plentiful with climbing routes. 130px Climbing command A short phrase used for communication between a climber and a belayer. 130px Climbing gym Specialized indoor climbing centres. See gym climbing. (Usually just called a 'climbing wall' in Britain). 130px Climbing shoe Footwear designed specifically for climbing. Usually well fitting, with a rubber sole. 130px Climbing technique Particular techniques, or moves, commonly applied in climbing. 130px Climbing wall Artificial rock, typically in a climbing gym. 130px Clipping in The process of attaching to belay lines or anchors for protection. 130px Clipstick See Stick clip. 130px Col A small pass or "saddle" between two peaks. Excellent for navigation as when standing on one it's always down in two, opposite, directions and up in the two directions in between those. 130px Copperhead A small nut with a head made of soft metal on a loop of wire. 130px Cord lock a lock or toggle used to fasten cords with gloved hands. Used on most mountaineering gear. 130px Cordelette A long loop of accessory cord used to tie into multiple anchor points. 130px Corner An inside corner of rock, the opposite to an arête (UK). See Dihedral. 130px Cornice An overhanging edge of snow on a ridge. 130px Couloir A steep gully or gorge frequently filled with snow or ice. 130px Crack climbing To ascend on a rock face by wedging body parts into cracks, i.e. not face climbing. See jamming and chimney. 130px Crag A small area with climbing routes, often just a small cliff face or a few boulders. 130px Crampons Metal framework with spikes attached to boots to increase safety on snow and ice. 130px Cramponing # Using crampons to ascend or descend on ice, preferably with maximum number of points of the crampon into the ice for weight distribution. # Accidentally piercing something with a crampon spike. 130px Crank To pull on a hold as hard as possible. 130px Crash pad A thick mat used to soften landings or to cover hazardous objects in the event of a fall. See: Bouldering mat 130px Crater Hitting the ground at the end of a fall instead of being caught by the rope. 130px Crimp # A hold which is only just big enough to be grasped with the tips of the fingers. # The process of holding onto a crimp. 130px Crux The most difficult portion of a climb. 130px Cup A hand grip which is squeezed, over the top or around the side, between the fingers and palm, forming a cup shape with the hand, or applying this type of hold on any protrusion or feature. More commonly known as guppy. 130px Cut-loose Where a climber's feet swing away from the rock on overhanging terrain, leaving the climber hanging only by their hands. Also known as "Cutting feet." 130px Cwm (Welsh) A hanging valley, or cirque—a steep-walled semicircular basin in a mountain —sometimes containing a lake; also known as a corrie. 130px Daisy chain A special purpose type of sling with multiple sewn or tied loops, used in aid and big wall climbing. It is designed to hold a climber's bodyweight, rather than arrest a fall, and while the sling as a whole will have a strength rating comparable to that of a standard sling, the individual loops will typically have much lower ratings. 130px Dead Ball Type of High Ball boulder, where one can possibly die when falling from above. 130px Dead hang To hang limp, such that weight is held by ligament tension rather than muscles. 130px Deadman anchor An object buried into snow to serve as an anchor for an attached rope. One common type of such an anchor is the snow fluke. Any object that is buried in order to make an anchor, or what you become if that anchor fails. 130px Deadpoint A dynamic climbing technique in which the hold is grabbed at the apex of upward motion. This technique places minimal strain on both the hold and the arms. 130px Deck # The ground. # To hit the ground, usually the outcome of a fall. 130px Deep Water Soloing Free climbing an area that overhangs a deep enough body of water to allow for a safe fall. Often abbreviated DWS. 130px Sekizli metalden sekiz rakamına benzer şekilli, sürtünme ile yardımcının yol katedildiğinde ip sugalamasını, düşme durumunda ise durdurmasını kolaylaştıran alet. Descender A device for controlled descent on a rope. Also called a rappel device. Many belay devices may be used as descenders, including ATCs, figure eights, or even carabiners. See rappel. 130px Desmond A ground fall (from Desmond Dekker, a reggae artist and 'to deck'). 130px Dexamethasone A pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of high altitude cerebral edema as well as high altitude pulmonary edema. It is commonly carried on mountain climbing expeditions to help climbers deal with altitude sickness. Also known as "dex". 130px Dialled To have complete understanding of a particular climbing move or route. 130px Diamox A drug used to inhibit the onset of altitude sickness. Otherwise known as acetazolamide. 130px Dièdre A dihedral. 130px Dihedral An inside corner of rock, with more than a 90-degree angle between the faces. See also corner and arête. 130px Direct aid A type of tension climbing consisting of using one or more belay ropes to haul the leader up to the next point of protection. 130px Dirtbag climbers living cheaply and supporting themselves through odd jobs in order to maximize the amount of time climbing. Well known practitioners of this lifestyle include Jan and Herb Conn or Fred Beckey. 130px Double Ropes or Half Ropes System where the climber is using two thin ropes instead of one thicker one. Double ropes are often used by trad and alpine climbers. They help managing the rope drag, reduce the chances for accidental cutting of the rope by sharp rock edges, and allows full pitch repelling. Unlike twin ropes, double ropes can be clipped separately into different pieces. 130px Double Rope Technique (DRT) The term denotes the use of double ropes. 130px Doubled Rope Technique (DdRT) A method used primarily by tree climbers where the rope passes over a support/limb and continuously slides over the limb as the climber ascends or descends. 130px Downclimb To descend by climbing downward, typically after completing a climb. 130px Drop Knee See Egyptian. 130px Drag or rope drag Rope drag occurs when the friction generated from the rope running over the rock and through the quickdraws builds up to the point where it is difficult move or to pull up the rope to clip into protection. There are several ways to prevent rope drag: protection placement that minimizes zig-zaging of the rope and potential for rope being pinched or hooked on a rock, use of long quickdraws like 24 inch alpine draws and use of double ropes. 130px Dry-tooling Using tools for ice climbing like crampons and ice axes on rock. 130px Dülfersitz A method of rappelling, without mechanical tools, where the uphill rope is straddled by the climber then looped around a hip, across the chest, over the opposite (weak) shoulder, and held with the downhill (strong) hand to adjust the shoulder friction and thus the descending speed. 130px Dynamic belay Technique of stopping a long fall using smooth braking to reduce stress on the protection points and avoid unnecessary trauma from an abrupt stop. 130px Dynamic rope A slightly elastic rope that softens falls to some extent. Also tend to be damaged less severely by heavy loads. Compare with static rope. 130px Dynamic motion Any move in which body momentum is used to progress. As opposed to static technique where three-point suspension and slow, controlled movement is the rule. 130px Dynamite starfish Tightly gripping handholds, simultaneously flagging out both legs then proceeding to violently kick downwards and inwards in a desperate attempt to produce upwards motion; making the climber resemble an explosive bottom feeder . 130px Dyno A dynamic move to grab a hold that would otherwise be out of reach. Generally both feet will leave the rock face and return again once the target hold is caught. Non- climbers would call it a jump or a leap. 130px Edge A thin ledge on the rock. 130px Edging Using the edge of the climbing shoe on a foothold. In the absence of footholds, smearing is used. 130px Egyptian Method for reducing muscle strain in arms when holding a side grip. One knee ends up in a lower position with the body twisted towards the other leg. It can give a longer reach as the body and shoulders twist towards a hold. Also known as a "drop knee." 130px Egyptian bridging The same position as bridging or chimneying, but with one leg in front and one behind the body. 130px Eight-thousander A mountain whose elevation exceeds 8,000 metres above sea level. 130px Eliminate A bouldering move or series of moves in which either certain holds are placed 'off bounds' or other artificial restrictions are imposed. 130px Elvis legs Wobbly knees resulting from tired legs. See Sewing machine leg. 130px Epic An ordinary climb rendered difficult by a dangerous combination of weather, injuries, darkness, lack of preparedness or other adverse factors. See Punter. 130px European Death Knot (EDK) A flat overhand used to join a pair of ropes for retrievable abseils. So named as the technique originated in Europe and the Americans initially distrusted it. 130px Exposure Empty space below a climber, usually referring to a great distance a climber is above the ground or large ledge, or the psychological sense of this distance due to being unprotected, or because the rock angles away due to climbing an arête or overhang. Exposure can also refer to exposure to the elements, like wind, snow, or sun. 130px Face climbing To ascend a vertical rock face using finger holds, edges and smears, i.e. not crack climbing. 130px Fall To unintentionally descend under the influence of gravity. Hopefully stopped by a rope. 130px Feet follow An instruction on indoor bouldering routes requiring foot movements match preceding hand movements, with no intermediate moves. 130px Feature A protrusion or indentation on an indoor climbing wall which is permanently moulded into the wall itself. 130px Via Ferrata A route on a mountain where the safety is provided by steel ropes or chains, permanently fixated to the rock. The progression is often aided by artificial steps or ladders. Typically found in the Alps, also called Klettersteig. 130px Figure four Advanced climbing technique where the climber hooks a leg over the opposite arm, and then pushes down with this leg to achieve a greater vertical reach. Requires strength and a solid handhold. 130px Figure eight A belay device or descender shaped like an "8". 130px Figure-eight knot A knot commonly used to secure the climber's harness to the climbing rope. 130px Finger board Training equipment used to build finger strength. 130px First ascensionist The person who performed the first ascent. 130px First ascent (FA) The first successful completion of a route. 130px First free ascent (FFA) First ascent without aid. 130px Fist jam A type of jam using the hand. See climbing technique. 130px Fixed rope A rope which has a fixed attachment point. Commonly used for abseiling or aid climbing. 130px Flagging Climbing technique where a leg is held in a position to maintain balance, rather than to support weight. Often useful to prevent barn-dooring. There are three types of flagging: # Normal flag: Where the flagging foot stays on the same side (e.g. flagging with the right foot out to the right side of the body) # Reverse inside flag: Where the flagging foot is crossed in front of the foot that is on a foothold # Reverse outside flag: Where the flagging foot is crossed behind the foot that is on a foothold 130px Flake # A thin slab of rock detached from the main face. # A method of untangling a rope in which the rope is run through the climber's hands and allowed to fall into a pile on the ground. Useful when preparing a rope for coiling, or before starting a lead climb, to ensure the rope is fed cleanly and without twists. Often called "flaking out" a rope. 130px Flapper An injury consisting of a piece of loose (flapping) skin. A climber will usually just repair these with sticky tape or super glue. 130px Flash To successfully and cleanly complete a climbing route on the first attempt after having received beta of some form. Also refers to an ascent of this type. For ascents on the first attempt without receiving beta see on-sight. 130px Flat-lander Non-climber. 130px Flute A usually insecure fin or flake of rock or ice. 130px Follow What the second does. 130px Font The French bouldering grading system. ; Foot jam : Also known as the heel-to-toe jam. It involves jamming the foot into a larger crack by twisting the foot into place, the contact with the crack being on the heel and toes. 130px Fourteener Mountain that tops in the contiguous United States. 130px Free base Climbing with your only protection being a parachute that is deployed in the event of a fall. A combination of free soloing, and BASE jumping. 130px Free climbing # Climbing without unnatural aids, other than used for protection. # Often incorrectly used by non-climbers as a synonym for soloing. 130px Free solo Climbing without aid or protection. This typically means climbing without a rope. 130px French free Also known as French climbing, or French freeing, it is the use of aid climbing techniques to bypass a section due to climbing difficulty, rock conditions, etc.; typically for only a short section of the total climb. 130px Frenchies An exercise used to develop lock-off strength consisting of pull-ups that stop with the elbows locked at angles between 20 and 160 degrees. 130px Friable Delicate and easily broken rock, often dangerous. 130px Friction Climbing technique relying on the friction between the sloped rock and the sole of the shoe to support the climber's weight, as opposed using holds or edges, cracks, etc. 130px Wild Country firması ürünü bir çeşit yaylı takoz; Bazen her çeşit yaylı takoz için kullanılır. Friend A name brand of a type of spring-loaded camming device (SLCD) made by Wild Country, sometimes used to refer to any type of spring-loaded camming device. 130px Başparmak aşağıya dönük, dirsek dışarıda, dirsek yönünde kuvvet kullanarak ters tırmanma tutunması. Gaston A climbing grip using one hand with the thumb down and elbow out, often thought of as a reverse side pull. The grip maintains friction against a hold by pressing outward toward the elbow. 130px Karabinanın dilinin düşüş sırasında kendiliğinden açılması Gate Flutter The action of the gate on a carabiner opening during a fall. 130px Sırtta yalnız duran ve zirve oluşturan kulemsi kaya. Gendarme A pinnacle or isolated rock tower frequently encountered along a ridge. 130px İpin omuz ve göğüs yerine kalçaya ve aşağıya uzanan kola sürtünmesi temelli, daha basit ama daha az kontrol sağlayan bir ipte iniş usulü. Geneva rappel A modified dulfersitz rappel using the hip and downhill arm for friction, rather than the chest and shoulder, offering less complexity, but less friction and less control. 'Geneva Style' is also a description used in Australia for what is commonly referred to elsewhere as 'Australian Rappelling'. 130px Buzul üzerinde hareket; yarıklara düşme tehlikesine karşı düşme durudurucu ip kullanılır. Glacier travel walking or climbing on a glacier; a rope is usually used to arrest falls into crevasses, but protection is not used. 130px Dikçe bir karlı yamaçtan aşağı genellikle kendi kararıyla kayarak inmek. Glissade A usually voluntary act of sliding down a steep slope of snow. 130px Güzergâhı temizleyen bir tırmanıcının bir parçayı çıkartmayı, ya da ipi bir karabinadan kurtarmayı unutup yukarı tırmanması, böylece tepe ipini faydasız hale düşürmesi. Golden Retriever When a climber is cleaning a route and forgets to pull out a piece or unclip the rope and begins to climb above the piece rendering the top rope ineffective. 130px Yol çerezi, uzun güzergâhlarda yemek arası yol boyu az az atıştırılan, yüksek enerji seviyesi sağlamak için yenen karışım. Gorp Trail mix for periodic nibbling to keep high energy level between meals on long climbs or hikes. 130px # tırmanma güzergâhı zorluk seviyesi # yamaç eğimi Grade # Intended as an objective measure of the technical difficulty of a particular climb or bouldering problem. More often is highly subjective, however. # The slope of an incline. (Grade (geography)) 130px Alışılmadık ve zahmetli teknikler gerektiren tırmanma güzergâhı Graunchy A route (often off-width) requiring the use of unconventional and uncomfortable techniques. 130px Geleneksel alet edavatla bir spor güzergâhını tırmanma Green Point Climbing a sport route with the use of traditional gear. 130px Petzl firması ürünü, acemilere uygun kullanılışlı ve güvenilir bir ip freni. Grigri A belay device designed to be easy to use and safer for beginners because it is assisted- braking under load. Invented and manufactured by Petzl. Many experienced climbers advocate the use of an atc type device for beginners. 130px Gripped Scared. Also over gripping the rock. 130px Kararlaştırılan güzergâhtan yanlışlıkla kaya yüzeyinde çok daha zor bir yöne sapmak. Sık sık bu hatanın yapıldığı bir güzergâhın adından türetilmiş terim. Gronked Accidentally going off-route while leading and becoming lost on a rock face in an area much more difficult than the climb being attempted. The word arises from the climb "Gronk" in Avon Gorge which is notorious for this. 130px Usulü ve tekniği yetersiz bir şekilde tırmanmak : Düşük değerli bir tırmanma güzergâhı Grovel To climb with obviously poor style or technique. : A climbing route judged to be without redeeming virtue. 130px Tecrübesiz, bilgisiz ve ilgisiz bir tırmanıcı; öğrenme kabiliyeti yetersiz. Aşağılayıcı bir terim. Gumby An inexperienced, unknowledgeable and oblivious climber; is a derogatory term. Gumbies are incapable of learning. 130px Guppy Synonym for cup, commonly used in bouldering. 130px Spor salonunda suni tırmanma duvarına idman için tırmanmak. Bazıları bunun kendi başına bir spor dalı olduğunu düşünür. Gym climbing Climbing indoors, on artificial climbing walls. This is typically for training but many people consider this a worthwhile activity in its own right. 130px Tırmanıla tırmanıla aşınmış, kayganlaşmış bir güzergâh. Grease ball A route that has become climbed excessively, causing the rock to become slippery or "greasy". 130px Zorlu, çoğu kez can alıcı bir irtifa hastalığı; Beyin ödemi HACE High Altitude Cerebral Edema - a severe, and often fatal, form of altitude sickness. 130px Kollar önde paralel, kendini yukarı çekme Hamster The act of pulling oneself up with both arms parallel in front of your chest. Resembles a Hamster during feeding. That sloper required some hamstering to get to the next move. 130px Eli yarığa başparmak üstte sokup başparmağı avuca doğru çekerek eli kalınlaştırıp tutunmak, buna yüklenerek yol almak. 1940 ve 50 li yıllarda İngiltere de Joe Brown ve Don Whillans tarafından icad edilmediyse de kullanılmıştır. Handjam Making progress by inserting the hand (usually vertically with the thumb uppermost) into a crack and then pushing the thumb downwards towards the palm. This expands the hand and can make a highly secure placement. In the UK this move was credited with facilitating the advances in free climbing in the late 1940s and 50s made by climbers such as Joe Brown and Don Whillans although they did not invent it.' 130px Hand traverse Traversing without any definitive footholds, i.e. smearing or heelhooking. 130px Hangdog While lead climbing or on top rope, to hang on the rope or a piece of protection for a rest. 130px Hanging belay Belaying at a point such that the belayer is suspended. 130px HAPE High Altitude Pulmonary Edema — a serious form of altitude sickness. 130px Harness A sewn nylon webbing device worn around the waist and thighs that is designed to allow a person to safely hang suspended in the air. 130px Haul bag A large and often unwieldy bag into which supplies and climbing equipment may be thrown. 130px Headpoint The practice of top-roping a hard trad route before leading it cleanly. 130px Headwall A region at the top of a cliff or rock face that steepens dramatically. 130px Heel hook Using the back of the heel to apply pressure to a hold, for balance or leverage; this technique requires pulling with the heel of a foot by flexing the hamstring. This technique is notable since in most forms of climbing one uses the toes to push. 130px Heel-toe A combination of a toe hook and heel hook. Also known as a heel-toe cam, involves using opposing pressure from the toes and heel between two holds to hold the body on the wall. 130px Helmet Also known as a brain bucket or skid lid. It can save your life, but only while worn. 130px Hexcentric A protective device. It is an eccentric hexagonal nut attached to a wire loop. The nut is inserted into a crack and it holds through counter-pressure. Often just called Hex. 130px High Ball A tall boulder problem. Falling becomes more dangerous due to the increase in height. 130px Himalaism Climbing grown in the Himalayas. In a broader sense this Himalayan mountaineering climbing, similar as to the nature of climbing in the Himalayas, but also grown in other high mountains, where the height of the peaks above 7000 meters above sea level are the Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Tien Shan, Daxue Shan. 130px Hold A place to temporarily cling, grip, jam, press, or stand in the process of climbing. 130px HMS Carabiner A round-ended carabiner for use with a Munter hitch (from the German name for the hitch; Halbmastwurfsicherung). 130px Honed To be in peak mental and physical fitness for climbing. 130px Hook # Equipment used in aid climbing. # A climbing technique involving hooking a heel or toe against a hold in order to balance or to provide additional support. 130px Horn Large, pointed protrusion of rock that can be slung. Typically also makes a good handhold. Known in the UK as a "Spike". See bollard, chicken head. 130px Hueco (Spanish hueco "hole") A climbing hold consisting of a pocket in the rock, typically round and deep and featuring a positive lip. Huecos vary in size from accommodating a single finger (this is also called a "mono") to large enough to fit one's entire body. The term hueco entered the jargon of rock climbers from the Texas climbing area Hueco Tanks that is famous for this sort of hold. 130px Ice axe A handy tool for safety and balance, having a pick/adze head and a spike at the opposite end of a shaft. 130px Ice hammer A lightweight ice axe with a hammer/pick head on a short handle and no spike. 130px Ice piton Long, wide, serrated piton once used for weak protection on ice. 130px Ice screw A screw used to protect a climb over steep ice or for setting up a crevasse rescue system. The strongest and most reliable is the modern tubular ice screw which ranges in length from 18 to 23 cm. 130px Ice tool A specialized elaboration of the modern ice axe (and often described broadly as an ice axe or technical axe), used in ice climbing, mostly for the more difficult configurations. 130px Indoor climbing See gym climbing. 130px Jack Flash Climbing something second go. 130px Jamming Wedging a body part into a crack. 130px Jib A particularly small foothold, usually only large enough for the big toe, sometimes relying heavily on friction to support weight. 130px Jug A shortened term for Jug Hold, both noun and verb. 130px Jug hold A large, easily held hold. Also known simply as a jug. 130px Jumar # A type of mechanical ascender. # To ascend a rope using a mechanical ascender. 130px Karen See Cairn. 130px Klemheist knot An alternative to the Prusik knot, useful when the climber is short of cord but has plenty of webbing. 130px Knee Bar or Kneebar Involves camming your lower thigh or knee against a protruding section of rock, usually with the foot pushing against an opposing hold. Kneebars can be very secure and are one of few ways to get a no-hand rest on overhanging rock. They also can provide additional hold on a climb. 130px Knee Drop See Egyptian. 130px Knots Climbers rely on many different knots for anchoring oneself to a mountain, joining two ropes together, slings for climbing up the rope, etc. 130px Laybacking or liebacking Climbing a vertical edge by side-pulling the edge with both hands and relying on friction or very small holds for the feet. 130px Lead climbing A form of climbing in which the climber clips the belay rope into quickdraws or similar equipment attached to the wall by means of anchors. In traditional climbing, the climber also needs to place anchors and quickdraws. In sport climbing, the anchors are typically preplaced, and the quickdraws may either be preplaced or placed by the climber. 130px Leader Fall A fall while lead climbing. A fall from above the climber's last piece of protection. The falling leader will fall at least twice the distance back to his or her last piece, plus slack and rope stretch. 130px Leashless Ice climbing with your axes not being attached to your wrist, if you drop them they're gone, but the trade off is greater mobility 130px Liquid Chalk A liquid form of chalk with a longer hold time than normal chalk. It is used on very hard routes and competitions, where the act of rechalking requires too much energy or time. 130px Locking carabiner A carabiner with a locking gate, to prevent accidental release of the rope. 130px Lock-off Using tendon strength to support weight on a handhold without tiring muscles too much. 130px Low- Angle A face climb that is less than vertical; the opposite of an overhang or roof. The same as "slab". 130px Mantel (abbreviation of mantelshelf) A move used to surmount a ledge or feature in the rock in the absence of any useful holds directly above. It involves pushing down on a ledge or feature instead of pulling oneself up. In ice climbing, manteling is done by moving the hands from the shaft to the top of the ice tool and pushing down on the head of the tool. 130px Mantle The external covering of a climbing rope. Climbing ropes use kernmantle construction consisting of a kern (or core) for strength and an external sheath called the mantle. 130px Match To use one hold for two limbs. 130px Merkel To retrieve another climbers gear because he or she is unable to or because it would be more convenient. 130px Moat A crevasse that forms where the glacier pulls away from a rock formation. 130px Mono (French monodoigt 'single finger') A climbing hold, typically a pocket or hueco, that only has enough room for one finger. 130px Mountain rescue The search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term sometimes also applies to search and rescue in other wilderness environments. Also see rescue doctrine. 130px Move Application of a specific climbing technique to progress on a climb. 130px Moving together Method of climbing – used on easy Alpine ground – in which two or more climbers climb at the same time with running belays between them and fixed belays not being used. Similar to simulclimbing, a technique for steeper terrain. 130px Multi-pitch climbing Climbing on routes that are too long for a single belay rope. 130px Munter hitch A simple hitch that is often used for belaying without a mechanical belay device. Otherwise known as an Italian hitch or a friction hitch. 130px Névé Permanent granular ice formed by repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 130px No-hand rest An entirely leg-supported resting position during climbing that does not require hands on the rock. 130px Nub A little hold that only a few fingers can grip, or the tips of the toes. 130px Nunatak A mountain or rock that protrudes through an ice field. 130px Nut A metal wedge attached to a wire loop that is inserted into cracks for protection. See hexcentric. 130px Nut Key or nut tool See Cleaning Tool. 130px Ninja feet The quiet, deliberate, and precise placement of toes upon a foothold. 130px Objective danger Danger in a climbing situation which comes from hazards inherent in the location of the climb, not depending on the climber's skill level. Most often these involve falling rock or ice, or avalanches. 130px Off belay Called by a climber when requesting that the belayer remove belay equipment from the climbing rope (for example, when cleaning top protection from a lead route). Replied to with Belay off. 130px Off-width A crack that is too wide for effective hand or foot jams, but is not as large as a chimney. 130px On belay What an American climber calls when he is ready to be belayed. Replied to with Belay on. 130px On-sight A clean ascent, with no prior practice or beta. For ascents on the first attempt with receiving beta see flash. 130px Open book An inside angle in the rock. See also dihedral. 130px Overhang A section of rock or ice that is angled beyond vertical. See roof. 130px Panic Bear A panicking novice climber clinging to handholds while searching desperately for a foothold. 130px Peak-bagging To systematically attain designated summits under prescribed conditions. 130px Peel To fall. 130px Peg A piton. 130px Pendulum # Swinging on taut rope to reach the next hold in a pendulum traverse. # A swing during a fall when the last piece of protection is far to one side. 130px Personal Anchor System (PAS) Adjustable attachment point from climber to anchor. Allows for building anchors, cleaning routes and rappeling to be done efficiently and faster. 130px Pickets Long, tubular rods driven into snow to provide a quick anchor. 130px Pied à main A movement where the foot is placed on the same hold as the hand. 130px Pied à plat A crampon technique in the French style: to climb on high-angle ice with feet flat on the ice (as opposed to front-pointing). 130px Pied assis A crampon technique in the French style: to rest on high- angle ice with one foot tucked under the buttocks, toes pointed straight down- slope. 130px Pied d'Elephant A short, light sleeping bag covering the lower half of the body only. It is designed to be used in connection with a down jacket for lightweight bivvies. 130px Pied en canard A crampon technique in the French style: to walk on moderate-angle ice with toes pointed outward; literally, 'duck-footed'. 130px Pied marche A crampon technique in the French style: to walk on low-angle ice with toes pointed straight ahead. 130px Picknick stop A No-hand rest. 130px Pinch Hold This is a hold where you must pinch it to hold on. They come in various sizes. 130px Pinkpoint To complete a lead climb without falling or resting on the rope (hangdogging), but with pre-placed protection and carabiners. Also see clean and redpoint. 130px Pitch In the strictest climbing definition, a pitch is considered one rope length . However, in guide books and route descriptions, a pitch is the portion of a climb between two belay points. 130px Piton A flat or angled metal blade of steel which incorporates a clipping hole for a carabiner or a ring in its body. A piton is typically used in aid-climbing and an appropriate size and shape is hammered into a thin crack in the rock and preferably removed by the last team member. 130px Piton catcher Clip-on string fastened to piton when inserting or removing, so as to avoid loss. 130px Plunge step An aggressive step pattern for descending on hard or steep angle snow. 130px Pof An alternative to chalk made from pine resin. Popular in Fontainebleau but discouraged (or actively forbidden) everywhere else since it deposits a thick, shiny resin layer on the rock and friction can only be achieved by using more pof. 130px Polish On popular routes, the sheer passage of traffic can polish the rock to such an extent as to make the climbing much more difficult. This is most noticeable at the crux, and more common on certain rock types. 130px Poop tube Container for carrying out your feces during multi-day climb. The Poop Tube is made of PVC tubing, with a sealed end at the bottom and a screw top. It has a loop attaching screw top to the body of the tube and a webbing so it can be clipped below the haul bag. 130px Positive A hold or part of a hold, having a surface facing upwards, or away from the direction it is pulled, facilitating use. Positive hold is an opposite to a sloper. 130px Pressure Breathing Forcefully exhaling to facilitate O2/CO2 exchange at altitude. Also called the "Whittaker wheeze". 130px Problem Boulder problem or problem is used in bouldering to indicate the path that a climber takes in order to complete the climb. Same as route in roped climbing. 130px Project A potential new route or bouldering problem that is being attempted, but has not seen a first ascent yet. 130px Protection # Process of setting equipment or anchors for safety. # Equipment or anchors used for arresting falls. Commonly known as Pro. 130px Prusik # A knot used for ascending a rope. It is named after Dr. Karl Prusik, the Austrian mountaineer who developed this knot in 1931. # To use a Prusik knot for ascending a rope. 130px Pseudo Leading To climb a wall Toprope with having another rope connected to the climber, for practice of Lead climbing clipping. The other rope is normally not connected to any belayer below and is only there to practice the clipping. Usually practiced while learning how to Lead Climb. Also commonly referred to as "mock leading". 130px Psychological protection A piece of protection that everyone knows will not hold a fall, but makes the climber feel better about having gear beneath them anyhow. 130px Pumped # To have such an accumulation of metabolic waste products in the forearm, that forming even a basic grip becomes impossible. A climber who is pumped will find it difficult to hold on, and may struggle to lift or clip a rope. # (Psychology) A feeling of anticipation and energy before a challenging climb. 130px Punter An over- ambitious and under-prepared climber. 130px Purchase To have a solid grip on a hold or feature. "I had good purchase on that jug." 130px Quickdraw Used to attach a freely running rope to anchors or chocks. Sometimes called quickies, draws, or extenders. 130px Köstek U veya C harfi şeklinde bir metalin açık kenarının vidalanmasıyla halka haline getirilen, zincirlerin uzatılması, bir şeylerin sağlamca tutturulması, asılması, eklenmesi işlerini kolaylaştırıp hızlandıran hırdavat ya da nalburiye malzemesidir Quicklink, maillon, maillon rapide, shackle A screw-type oval-shape stainless steel carabiner which is smaller than normal oval-shape biner, particularly used for attaching to the chains of the master anchor. Also known as a maillon, maillon rapide or shackle. 130px Rack The set of equipment carried up a climb; also, the part of a harness (consisting of several plastic loops) where equipment is hung, ready to be used. 130px Rappel The process by which a climber may descend on a fixed rope using a friction device. Also known as abseil or roping down. 130px RB A removable bolt, similar in concept to a sliding nut, but shaped to fit into a drilled hole. 130px Rebolting The replacement of bolts on an existing climb. 130px Redpoint To complete while placing protection on a lead climb after making previous unsuccessful attempts, done without falling or resting on the rope (hangdogging). Also see clean and pinkpoint. 130px Rest step Energy-saving technique where unweighted (uphill) leg is rested between each forward step, sometimes by "locking" knee of rear leg. 130px Retro-bolting The addition of bolts to an existing climb which has already been ascended using natural protection. 130px Rodeo clipping To clip into the first piece of protection from the ground by swinging a loop of rope so that it is caught by a carabiner. This can only be done when the first piece of gear is already placed. 130px Roof A steep overhang which transitions sharply into shallower climbing often blocking direct sight of the feet causing the climber to find footholds blindly. 130px Halat ya da ip Doğal ya da yapay elyafın ya da tellerin bükülmesi ya da şerit biçiminde örülmesi yoluyla elde edilen uzun, esnek ve sağlam ip. Halatlarda aranan başlıca özellikler büküldüğünde, burkulduğunda ya da çekildiğinde yapısının bozulmaması ve sağlamlığını korumasıdır. En önemli özelliği ise çekme dayanımıdır. Tırmanılabilir ortam veya düşmeye karşı can güvenliği için kullanılır. Rope A basic item of climbing equipment that physically connects the climber to the belayer. 130px Rope gun The most capable climber in the group. The person who can get the rope up there for the rest of the party. 130px Rope jumping Jumping from objects using rock climbing equipment. 130px Rope team Also roped team or roped party. Team of mountaineers or climbers joined together by a safety rope. 130px Route The path of a particular climb, or a predefined set of moves. 130px RP A small nut, named after Roland Pauligk. Not certified for sale in Europe. 130px Runner Made of nylon and nylon/blend materials, runners, also referred to as slings, are used by climbers for a multitude of purposes. 130px Runout # A lengthy distance between two points of protection which in some, but not all, cases might be perceived as frightening or dangerous. May also be used as an adjective to describe a route, or a section of a route. # A long portion of a route with minimal protection. 130px RURP Acronym, stands for Realized Ultimate Reality Piton. Miniature, postage-stamp sized piton originally designed by [[Yvon Chouinard]] 130px Saddle A high pass between two peaks, larger than a col. 130px Sandbag A climb which receives a much lower grade than deserved. Also used as a verb when referring to the act of describing a climbing route as easier than it actually is. 130px Sardar or Sirdar Head Sherpa mountain guide. 130px 'scend contraction of the word ascend, past tense: 'scended. 130px Scheissegrippen The intense feeling of disappointment when finding a difficult crux after a jug or good handhold. 130px Scrambling A type of climbing somewhere between hiking and graded rock climbing. 130px Screamer # A long and loud fall. # A nylon webbing structure consisting of one large loop sewn in multiple places to make a shorter length. The stitch-points are intentionally sewn with less than maximum possible strength. The screamer is attached with carabiners between an anchor point, particularly one of dubious strength, and the climber. In the event of a fall the stitching of the sewn sections is designed to rip apart, absorbing some of the fall energy and decelerating the climber, thereby reducing the overall shock load on the dubious anchor. Screamer is a brand name of Yates Mountaineering. 130px Scree Small, loose, broken rocks, often at the base of a cliff. Also an area or slope covered in scree. Scree is distinguished from Talus by its smaller size and looser configuration. 130px Screw on A small climbing hold, screwed onto the wall in climbing gyms. Can be used for feet in a route regardless of its colour. Also referred to as a foot chip, chip or micro. 130px Second A climber who follows the lead, or first, climber. 130px Self-Arrest The act of planting the pick of your ice axe into the snow to arrest a fall in the event of a slip. Also a method of stopping in a controlled glissade. 130px Self-Belay To perform belaying for oneself. 130px Send To cleanly complete a route. i.e. on-sight, flash, redpoint. . 130px Serac A large ice tower. 130px Sewing-machine leg The involuntary vibration of one or both legs resulting from fatigue or panic. Also known as scissor leg, Elvis Presley syndrome, or disco knee. Can often be remedied by bringing the heel of the offending leg down, changing the muscles used to support the weight of the climber 130px Sharp end The end of the belay rope that is attached to the lead climber. Being on the sharp end refers to the act of lead climbing, which is considered more psychologically demanding than top-roping or following, since it may involve more route-finding, as well as the possibility of longer, more consequential falls. 130px Sherpa A Sherpa is a person of the ethnic group of the same name that is located in the Himalayan Mountains. Also a generic term for mountaineering porters in Nepal (usually those working at or above base camp) regardless of their ethnic group 130px Short fixing A traditionally-belayed lead climber reaches a new belay station, creates an anchor, tying the lead rope off to the anchor. The climber then switches over to self-belaying and continues to climb. Meanwhile, the second climber ascends the fixed rope using ascenders (aka Jugging) and cleans the pitch. When the second reaches the belay, he or she anchors in and starts to belay the leader in the traditional way again. When the leader reaches the next belay the process is repeated. 130px Side pull A hold that needs to be gripped with a sideways pull towards the body. 130px Simulclimbing A technique where both climbers move simultaneously upward with the leader placing protection which the second removes as they advance. A device known as a Tibloc which allows the rope to only move in a single direction is sometimes used to prevent the second climber from accidentally pulling the lead climber off should the second slip. 130px Single Rope Technique (SRT) The use of a single rope where one or both ends of the rope are attached to fixed anchor points. 130px Sit and spin A method of starting a rappel from a cliff edge, accomplished by sitting with legs over the edge and then spinning around to face the cliff while planting feet on the face. 130px Sit start Starting a climb from a position in which the climber is sitting on the floor. This is common in climbing gyms in order to fit an extra move into the climb. Noted as SS or SDS in some topo guides. 130px Skittling Climbing without following any specific color in a gym with color-designated routes/problems. Also referred to as "climbing the rainbow," since any and all colors of holds are used. 130px Skyhook A small hook which gives hold on small protrusions on watery and slippery grips. They are most often used for placements, often extremely marginal, in aid climbing, although they also feature in some extreme free routes. Additionally, the skyhook can be attached to the harness, thus allowing the climber to rest, or held in one or both hands to hold a grip. 130px Slab A relatively low-angle (significantly less than vertical) section of rock, usually with few large features. Requires slab climbing techniques. 130px Slab climbing A particular type of rock climbing, and its associated techniques, involved in climbing rock that is less than vertical. The emphasis is on balance, footwork, and making use of very small features or rough spots on the rock for friction. 130px Slack Portion of rope that is not taut, preferably minimized during belay. 130px SLCD Abbreviation for spring-loaded camming device, a type of protection device. These are better known by the term cam. 130px Sling Webbing sewn, or tied, into a loop. 130px Sloppy Plopping Poor footwork [Northumberland climbing slang] as in "nae sloppy ploppin'", i.e. 'you'll need accurate footwork to have any chance of flashing this'. 130px Sloper A sloping hold with very little positive surface. A sloper is comparable to palming a basketball. 130px Smearing To use friction on the sole of the climbing shoe, in the absence of any useful footholds. 130px Smedging Smearing on an edge, especially on a dime edge or any linear hold that is too small to stand on or use as an ordinary positive hold. 130px Snarg A type of tubular ice screw that is inserted by hammering. 130px Snow fluke An angled aluminium plate attached to a metal cable. The fluke is buried into snow, typically used as a deadman anchor. 130px Solo climbing Setting and cleaning one's own protection on an ascent; climbing by oneself. 130px Soupy A hold that is wet and slimy from water or some other source. 130px Spinner In indoor climbing, a hold that is not secure and spins in place when weight is applied. 130px Spike 130px Splitter Describes a clean crack with perfectly parallel sides, usually in an otherwise blank face. Generalized to refer to any great climb, happy situation, or even favorable weather. 130px Sport climbing A style of climbing where form, technical (or gymnastic) ability and strength are more emphasized over exploration, self-reliance and the exhilaration of the inherent dangers involved in the sport. Sport climbing routes tend to be well protected with pre-placed bolt-anchors and lends itself well to competitive climbing. 130px Spotting A method of protection commonly used during bouldering or before the leader has placed a piece of protection. The spotter stands beneath the climber, ready to absorb the energy of a fall and direct him away from any hazards. 130px Sprag A type of hand position where the fingers and thumb are opposed. 130px Spraying Giving unwanted — and unasked-for - beta to a fellow climber. Also, excessive, overly prominent, or boorish proclamation of one's own (often exaggerated) skills or exploits. 130px Static Of a style of climbing or specific move, not dynamic. In general this entails movement of a limb to a new hold without the simultaneous transfer of weight. Instead weight transfer occurs after the limb has moved. 130px Static rope A non-elastic rope. Compare with dynamic rope. 130px Steep Descriptive of any climbing face that is angled beyond vertical. . 130px Step cutting Scooping steps out of snow or ice with the adze of an ice axe. 130px Step kicking Scooping and stamping steps out of soft snow with the feet. 130px Sticht plate A belay device consisting of a flat plate with a pair of slots. Named after the inventor Fritz Sticht. 130px Stick clip A long stick or extendable pole on the end of which a climber can affix a quickdraw. It allows the climber to clip a quickdraw to the first bolt on a sport climb while still standing on the ground. This is especially useful if the first bolt is high up, and out of the comfort zone of the climber. A stick clip can be bought, easily made or even improvised when needed. Ethically controversial in some communities. 130px Stopper # A wedge-shaped nut made by Black Diamond. # A knot used to prevent the rope running through a piece of equipment. 130px Summit # The high point of a mountain or peak. # To reach such a high point. 130px Swami Belt A kind of proto-climbing harness consisting of a long length of tubular webbing wrapped several times around the climbers body and secured with a water knot. Largely eschewed today in favor of commercial harnesses. 130px Sweeper Refers to the last member or the tail of a climbing group. The sweeper's task is to spot and retrieve things that may have accidentally fallen from the preceding climbers; to make sure that no mess or gear is left behind; and to make sure that the rear is keeping up with the whole team. The term sweeper, a Filipino contribution to mountaineering vocabulary, was introduced in 1998 and was inspired by the Cleaner, a character in the 1990 film Nikita (also known as La Femme Nikita) by Luc Besson. 130px Swinging-lieback A dynamic form of the lieback, described above, rotating off one foot while maintaining a grip with one hand, then grabbing a high handhold at the deadpoint of the swing with the other hand. This move is frequently reversible, unlike more aerial dynos. 130px Switcharoo To swap limbs on a particular hold. Not to be confused with matching. 130px Take Called by a climber when requesting that the belayer remove all slack. See hang dogging. 130px Talus An area of large rock fragments on a mountainside that may vary from house-size to as small as a small backpack. The area, if older and consolidated, may be stable, or the rocks may be precariously balanced. Talus is distinguished from scree in that it is larger and may feature solid interlocking of the rocks, while scree is by definition loose. 130px Teabagging When, after a whipper, or long fall, a climber falls past their belayer, who is generally lifted up off the ground. 130px Technical climbing Climbing involving a rope and some means of protection, as opposed to scrambling or glacier travel. ; Technical : A term often used to describe very technical sequences of moves and / or the degree of ingenuity and creativity required to protect a route. Difficulty ratings of climbs often is a combination of technicality of a climb and the endurance or strength necessary to complete it. ; Technique : Specialized moves given names to help communicate what to do to another person. ;Tendu : From the French word meaning outstretched. In this grip the fingers are close to the position when the hand is open. The relative angle between the finger bones is gradual. The load applied is coming from tension in the forearm muscles. 130px Tension A technique for maintaining balance using a taut rope through a point of protection. 130px Testpiece A climb that is representative of the hardest, best climbs in an area. 130px Thrutching Make progress by squeezing into a space and wriggling against opposing rock surfaces. 130px Tie-In Points The leg straps and waist belt create two loops connecting the belay loop. The points which you tie in at. Also known as soft loops. 130px Top rope To belay from a fixed anchor point above the climb. Top-roping requires easy access to the top of the climb, by means of a footpath or scrambling. 130px Top-out To complete a route by ascending over the top of the structure being climbed. 130px Track To use holds specified out for you in any route, usually used in gym climbing. 130px Traditional climbing A style of climbing that emphasizes the adventure and exploratory nature of climbing. While sport climbers generally will use pre-placed protection ("bolts"), traditional (or "trad") climbers will place their own protection as they climb, generally carried with them on a rack. 130px Training Getting prepared to climb on difficult mountains. 130px Tramming A technique that is typically used while lowering and cleaning gear from an overhanging and/or traversing route. A quickdraw is clipped between the climber's harness and the rope that is threaded through the gear. As the climber is lowered by the belayer, the quickdraw holds the cleaner close to the wall and following the line of the route. Without the quickdraw, the climber would lower straight down, further and further from the remaining gear to be cleaned. Also known as trolleying. 130px Traverse # To climb in a horizontal direction. # A section of a route that requires progress in a horizontal direction. # A Tyrolean traverse is crossing a chasm using a rope anchored at both ends. # A pendulum traverse involves swinging across a wall or chasm while suspended from a rope affixed above the climber. 130px Tricam A simple camming protection device that has no moving parts. 130px Tuber A belay device. 130px Tufa A limestone rib formation that protrudes from the wall which can sometimes fit within the pinching grasp of a climber's hand; alternatively: a plastic, bolted on bouldering hold designed to replicate such a formation on an indoor climbing wall. 130px Twin Ropes System where the climber is using two thin ropes instead of one thicker one, but unlike double ropes twin ropes have to be clipped through the same biner for each piece of protection. Twin ropes are often used by trad and alpine climbers. They allow full pitch repelling and help reducing the chances for accidental cutting of the rope by sharp rock edges. 130px Two man stand An outdated climbing technique where one climber stands on the shoulders of another climber as an assist in climbing. 130px Undercling A hold which is gripped with the palm of the hand facing upwards 130px "V"-grade A technical grading system for bouldering problems, invented by John Sherman. 130px V-thread A type of abseiling point used especially in winter and ice climbing. Also called abalakov thread. 130px Verglas A thin coating of ice that forms over rocks when rainfall or melting snow freezes on rock. Hard to climb on as there is insufficient depth for crampons to have reliable penetration. See also clear ice and glaze ice. 130px Volume A large, hollow bolted-on bouldering hold. 130px WAD Originating in Sheffield, a WAD is a "super climber" or climber who is on-sighting 7c+. 130px Wand A bamboo stick with a small flag on top used to mark paths over glaciers and snow fields. 130px Wallerina A graceful female climber who appears to dance up the climbing wall. 130px Webbing Hollow and flat nylon strip, mainly used to make slings. 130px Webolette A piece of webbing with eyes sewn into the ends which can be used in place of a cordelette. 130px Weighting As in, "weighting the rope." Any time the rope takes the weight of the climber. This can happen during a minor fall, a whipper (long fall), or simply by resting while hanging on the belay rope (see also hangdogging). 130px Whipper A lead fall from above and to the side of the last clip, whipping oneself downwards and in an arc. Has come to denote any fall beyond the last placed or clipped piece of protection. 130px Wired A route or sequence that a climber has rehearsed extensively and thus ascends with ease. See dialled. 130px Wires See nuts. 130px Wolf moon To complete a lead climb during night time. 130px Woodie A home made climbing wall. Often specifically a hybrid between a climbing wall and a fingerboard. Specifically called such because of the wooden panels (usually left unpainted) used to attach the climbing holds to. 130px X (Protection Rating) A rating from the Yosemite Decimal System given to climbs that have very poor or no protection. These climbs often present risk of serious injury or death if a fall were to occur, even if the climb is properly protected. 130px Xeno A hold appearing to be composed of a different type of rock than the surrounding face. 130px Yabo Another name for a Sit start, a 'Yabo start' was named after John 'Yabo' Yablonski. 130px Hızlı çıkma Tırmanma yerine ipi tutanın yardımıyla çabucak yükselmek. Bu gereksiz zorluktaki bir bölümü aşmada ya da düşme sonrası hata noktasına tekrar dönmede kullanılır. Yard up To pull on the rope to make upward progress, often with assistance from the belayer. This may be done to bypass a crux, or to quickly regain ground lost after a fall without re-climbing the section. AKA to "jug up" the rope. 130px Yosemite onlu sistemi Tırmanma zorluk ölçüsü, en kolay 5, kasım 2013 itibarıyla en zor 5.15C dir. Amerikada kullanılır. Yosemite Decimal System A numerical system for rating the difficulty of walks, hikes, and climbs in the United States. The rock climbing (5.x) portion of the scale is the most common climb grading system used in the US. The scale starts with the easiest grades at 5.0 and is open-ended on the harder end. , the most difficult grade was 5.15c. 130px Z-clipping Clipping into a piece of protection with the segment of rope from beneath the previous piece of protection, resulting in a potentially dangerous tangled configuration of the belay rope. If not fixed can result in high drag. 130px Peş peşe düşüş Tırmanma güvenlik halatının bağlı olduğu noktaların ip gerildiğinde peş peşe kurtulmalarının görüldüğü düşme. Bu bazen en alt noktadan yukarı doğru sırayla olur çünkü ipin aşağı çekeceği varsayılmış, noktalar yukarı çekmeye hazırlıksız sabitleştirilmiştir. Zipper fall A fall in which each piece of protection fails in turn. In some cases when the rope comes taut during a fall, the protection can fail from the bottom up, especially if the first piece was not placed to account for outward and/or upward force. 130px Z-sistemi Bir yarığa düşmüş tırmanıcıyı kolayca yukarı çekmek için gereken, kuvvet katlayıcı ve Kamyoncu düğümü benzeri prensiple çalışan halat ve makara düzeneği. Z-pulley Also Z-system. A particular configuration of rope, anchors, and pulleys typically used to extricate a climber after falling into a crevasse. ==Ayrıca bakınız== *Tırmanma malzemeleri * * == Kaynakça == Kategori:Tırmanma ekipmanları Kategori:Dağcılık ekipmanları