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Medha0219Baniya

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[ "The", "“", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "campaign", "serves", "as", "a", "sharp", "reminder", "that", "effort", "from", "system", "developers", "alone", "is", "not", "enough", "to", "build", "a", "secure", "Android", "eco-system", "." ]

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[ "Dvmap", ":", "the", "first", "Android", "malware", "with", "code", "injection", "08", "JUN", "2017", "In", "April", "2017", "we", "started", "observing", "new", "rooting", "malware", "being", "distributed", "through", "the", "Google", "Play", "Store", "." ]

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[ "Unlike", "other", "rooting", "malware", ",", "this", "Trojan", "not", "only", "installs", "its", "modules", "into", "the", "system", ",", "it", "also", "injects", "malicious", "code", "into", "the", "system", "runtime", "libraries", "." ]

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[ "Kaspersky", "Lab", "products", "detect", "it", "as", "Trojan.AndroidOS.Dvmap.a", "." ]

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[ "The", "distribution", "of", "rooting", "malware", "through", "Google", "Play", "is", "not", "a", "new", "thing", "." ]

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[ "For", "example", ",", "the", "Ztorg", "Trojan", "has", "been", "uploaded", "to", "Google", "Play", "almost", "100", "times", "since", "September", "2016", "." ]

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[ "But", "Dvmap", "is", "very", "special", "rooting", "malware", "." ]

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[ "It", "uses", "a", "variety", "of", "new", "techniques", ",", "but", "the", "most", "interesting", "thing", "is", "that", "it", "injects", "malicious", "code", "into", "the", "system", "libraries", "–", "libdmv.so", "or", "libandroid_runtime.so", "." ]

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[ "This", "makes", "Dvmap", "the", "first", "Android", "malware", "that", "injects", "malicious", "code", "into", "the", "system", "libraries", "in", "runtime", ",", "and", "it", "has", "been", "downloaded", "from", "the", "Google", "Play", "Store", "more", "than", "50,000", "times", "." ]

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[ "Kaspersky", "Lab", "reported", "the", "Trojan", "to", "Google", ",", "and", "it", "has", "now", "been", "removed", "from", "the", "store", "." ]

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[ "To", "bypass", "Google", "Play", "Store", "security", "checks", ",", "the", "malware", "creators", "used", "a", "very", "interesting", "method", ":", "they", "uploaded", "a", "clean", "app", "to", "the", "store", "at", "the", "end", "of", "March", ",", "2017", ",", "and", "would", "then", "update", "it", "with", "a", "malicious", "version", "for", "short", "period", "of", "time", "." ]

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[ "Usually", "they", "would", "upload", "a", "clean", "version", "back", "on", "Google", "Play", "the", "very", "same", "day", "." ]

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[ "They", "did", "this", "at", "least", "5", "times", "between", "18", "April", "and", "15", "May", "." ]

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[ "All", "the", "malicious", "Dvmap", "apps", "had", "the", "same", "functionality", "." ]

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[ "They", "decrypt", "several", "archive", "files", "from", "the", "assets", "folder", "of", "the", "installation", "package", ",", "and", "launch", "an", "executable", "file", "from", "them", "with", "the", "name", "“", "start.", "”", "The", "interesting", "thing", "is", "that", "the", "Trojan", "supports", "even", "the", "64-bit", "version", "of", "Android", ",", "which", "is", "very", "rare", "." ]

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[ "All", "encrypted", "archives", "can", "be", "divided", "into", "two", "groups", ":", "the", "first", "comprises", "Game321.res", ",", "Game322.res", ",", "Game323.res", "and", "Game642.res", "–", "and", "these", "are", "used", "in", "the", "initial", "phase", "of", "infection", ",", "while", "the", "second", "group", ":", "Game324.res", "and", "Game644.res", ",", "are", "used", "in", "the", "main", "phase", "." ]

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[ "Initial", "phase", "During", "this", "phase", ",", "the", "Trojan", "tries", "to", "gain", "root", "rights", "on", "the", "device", "and", "to", "install", "some", "modules", "." ]

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[ "All", "archives", "from", "this", "phase", "contain", "the", "same", "files", "except", "for", "one", "called", "“", "common", "”", "." ]

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[ "This", "is", "a", "local", "root", "exploit", "pack", ",", "and", "the", "Trojan", "uses", "4", "different", "exploit", "pack", "files", ",", "3", "for", "32-bit", "systems", "and", "1", "for", "64-bit-systems", "." ]

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[ "If", "these", "files", "successfully", "gain", "root", "rights", ",", "the", "Trojan", "will", "install", "several", "tools", "into", "the", "system", "." ]

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[ "It", "will", "also", "install", "the", "malicious", "app", "“", "com.qualcmm.timeservices.", "”", "These", "archives", "contain", "the", "file", "“", ".root.sh", "”", "which", "has", "some", "comments", "in", "Chinese", ":", "Main", "phase", "In", "this", "phase", ",", "the", "Trojan", "launches", "the", "“", "start", "”", "file", "from", "Game324.res", "or", "Game644.res", "." ]

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[ "It", "will", "check", "the", "version", "of", "Android", "installed", "and", "decide", "which", "library", "should", "be", "patched", "." ]

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[ "For", "Android", "4.4.4", "and", "older", ",", "the", "Trojan", "will", "patch", "method", "_Z30dvmHeapSourceStartupBeforeForkv", "from", "libdvm.so", ",", "and", "for", "Android", "5", "and", "newer", "it", "will", "patch", "method", "nativeForkAndSpecialize", "from", "libandroid_runtime.so", "." ]

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[ "Both", "of", "these", "libraries", "are", "runtime", "libraries", "related", "to", "Dalvik", "and", "ART", "runtime", "environments", "." ]

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[ "This", "could", "be", "very", "dangerous", "and", "cause", "some", "devices", "to", "crash", "following", "the", "overwrite", "." ]

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[ "Then", "the", "Trojan", "will", "put", "the", "patched", "library", "back", "into", "the", "system", "directory", "." ]

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[ "After", "that", ",", "the", "Trojan", "will", "replace", "the", "original", "/system/bin/ip", "with", "a", "malicious", "one", "from", "the", "archive", "(", "Game324.res", "or", "Game644.res", ")", "." ]

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[ "In", "doing", "so", ",", "the", "Trojan", "can", "be", "sure", "that", "its", "malicious", "module", "will", "be", "executed", "with", "system", "rights", "." ]

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[ "But", "the", "malicious", "ip", "file", "does", "not", "contain", "any", "methods", "from", "the", "original", "ip", "file", "." ]

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[ "This", "means", "that", "all", "apps", "that", "were", "using", "this", "file", "will", "lose", "some", "functionality", "or", "even", "start", "crashing", "." ]

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[ "Malicious", "module", "“", "ip", "”", "This", "file", "will", "be", "executed", "by", "the", "patched", "system", "library", "." ]

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[ "It", "can", "turn", "off", "“", "VerifyApps", "”", "and", "enable", "the", "installation", "of", "apps", "from", "3rd", "party", "stores", "by", "changing", "system", "settings", "." ]

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[ "Furthermore", ",", "it", "can", "grant", "the", "“", "com.qualcmm.timeservices", "”", "app", "Device", "Administrator", "rights", "without", "any", "interaction", "with", "the", "user", ",", "just", "by", "running", "commands", "." ]

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[ "It", "is", "a", "very", "unusual", "way", "to", "get", "Device", "Administrator", "rights", "." ]

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[ "Malicious", "app", "com.qualcmm.timeservices", "As", "I", "mentioned", "before", ",", "in", "the", "“", "initial", "phase", "”", ",", "the", "Trojan", "will", "install", "the", "“", "com.qualcmm.timeservices", "”", "app", "." ]

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[ "Its", "main", "purpose", "is", "to", "download", "archives", "and", "execute", "the", "“", "start", "”", "binary", "from", "them", "." ]

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[ "During", "the", "investigation", ",", "this", "app", "was", "able", "to", "successfully", "connect", "to", "the", "command", "and", "control", "server", ",", "but", "it", "received", "no", "commands", "." ]

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[ "So", "I", "don", "’", "t", "know", "what", "kind", "of", "files", "will", "be", "executed", ",", "but", "they", "could", "be", "malicious", "or", "advertising", "files", "." ]

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[ "Conclusions", "This", "Trojan", "was", "distributed", "through", "the", "Google", "Play", "Store", "and", "uses", "a", "number", "of", "very", "dangerous", "techniques", ",", "including", "patching", "system", "libraries", "." ]

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[ "It", "installs", "malicious", "modules", "with", "different", "functionality", "into", "the", "system", "." ]

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[ "It", "looks", "like", "its", "main", "purpose", "is", "to", "get", "into", "the", "system", "and", "execute", "downloaded", "files", "with", "root", "rights", "." ]

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[ "But", "I", "never", "received", "such", "files", "from", "their", "command", "and", "control", "server", "." ]

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[ "These", "malicious", "modules", "report", "to", "the", "attackers", "about", "every", "step", "they", "are", "going", "to", "make", "." ]

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[ "So", "I", "think", "that", "the", "authors", "are", "still", "testing", "this", "malware", ",", "because", "they", "use", "some", "techniques", "which", "can", "break", "the", "infected", "devices", "." ]

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[ "But", "they", "already", "have", "a", "lot", "of", "infected", "users", "on", "whom", "to", "test", "their", "methods", "." ]

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[ "I", "hope", "that", "by", "uncovering", "this", "malware", "at", "such", "an", "early", "stage", ",", "we", "will", "be", "able", "to", "prevent", "a", "massive", "and", "dangerous", "attack", "when", "the", "attackers", "are", "ready", "to", "actively", "use", "their", "methods", "." ]

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[ "MD5", "43680D1914F28E14C90436E1D42984E2", "20D4B9EB9377C499917C4D69BF4CCEBE", "First", "widely", "distributed", "Android", "bootkit", "Malware", "infects", "more", "than", "350,000", "Devices", "January", "29", ",", "2014", "In", "the", "last", "quarter", "of", "2013", ",", "sale", "of", "a", "Smartphone", "with", "ANDROID", "operating", "system", "has", "increased", "and", "every", "second", "person", "you", "see", "is", "a", "DROID", "user", "." ]

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[ "A", "Russian", "security", "firm", "'Doctor", "Web", "'", "identified", "the", "first", "mass", "distributed", "Android", "bootkit", "malware", "called", "'Android.Oldboot", "'", ",", "a", "piece", "of", "malware", "that", "'s", "designed", "to", "re-infect", "devices", "after", "reboot", ",", "even", "if", "you", "delete", "all", "working", "components", "of", "it", "." ]

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[ "The", "bootkit", "Android.Oldboot", "has", "infected", "more", "than", "350,000", "android", "users", "in", "China", ",", "Spain", ",", "Italy", ",", "Germany", ",", "Russia", ",", "Brazil", ",", "the", "USA", "and", "some", "Southeast", "Asian", "countries", "." ]

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[ "China", "seems", "to", "a", "mass", "victim", "of", "this", "kind", "of", "malware", "having", "a", "92", "%", "share", "." ]

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[ "Since", "it", "becomes", "a", "part", "of", "the", "boot", "partition", ",", "formatting", "the", "device", "will", "not", "solve", "the", "problem", "." ]

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[ "The", "researchers", "believe", "that", "the", "devices", "somehow", "had", "the", "malware", "pre-loaded", "at", "the", "time", "of", "shipping", "from", "the", "manufacturer", ",", "or", "was", "likely", "distributed", "inside", "modified", "Android", "firmware", "." ]

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[ "So", ",", "users", "should", "beware", "of", "certain", "modified", "Android", "firmware", "." ]

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[ "Two", "weeks", "ago", ",", "Some", "Chinese", "Security", "Researchers", "have", "also", "detected", "a", "bootkit", "called", "'Oldboot", "'", ",", "possibly", "the", "same", "malware", "or", "another", "variant", "of", "it", "." ]

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[ "\"", "Due", "to", "the", "special", "RAM", "disk", "feature", "of", "Android", "devices", "'", "boot", "partition", ",", "all", "current", "mobile", "antivirus", "products", "in", "the", "world", "ca", "n't", "completely", "remove", "this", "Trojan", "or", "effectively", "repair", "the", "system", "." ]

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[ "''", "\"", "According", "to", "our", "statistics", ",", "as", "of", "today", ",", "there", "'re", "more", "than", "500", ",", "000", "Android", "devices", "infected", "by", "this", "bootkit", "in", "China", "in", "last", "six", "months", "." ]

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[ "The", "Android", "malware", "Android.Oldboot", "is", "almost", "impossible", "to", "remove", ",", "not", "even", "with", "formatting", "your", "device", "." ]

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[ "But", "if", "your", "device", "is", "not", "from", "a", "Chinese", "manufacturer", ",", "then", "chances", "that", "you", "are", "a", "victim", "of", "it", ",", "are", "very", "less", "." ]

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[ "This", "bootkit", "is", "not", "the", "first", "of", "this", "kind", "." ]

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[ "Two", "years", "back", ",", "in", "the", "month", "of", "March", "we", "reported", ",", "NQ", "Mobile", "Security", "Research", "Center", "uncovered", "the", "world", "'s", "first", "Android", "bootkit", "malware", "called", "'DKFBootKit", "'", ",", "that", "replaces", "certain", "boot", "processes", "and", "can", "begin", "running", "even", "before", "the", "system", "is", "completely", "booted", "up", "." ]

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[ "But", "Android.Oldboot", "malware", "is", "a", "bit", "more", "dangerous", "because", "even", "if", "you", "remove", "all", "working", "components", "of", "it", "from", "your", "android", "successfully", ",", "the", "component", "imei_chk", "will", "persist", "in", "a", "protected", "boot", "memory", "area", "and", "hence", "will", "reinstall", "itself", "on", "next", "boot", "and", "continuously", "infect", "the", "Smartphone", "." ]

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[ "Users", "are", "recommended", "to", "install", "apps", "from", "authorized", "stores", "such", "as", "Google", "Play", ",", "disable", "installation", "of", "apps", "from", "'Unknown", "Sources", "'", "and", "for", "a", "better", "security", "install", "a", "reputed", "security", "application", "." ]

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[ "You", "can", "also", "try", "to", "re-flash", "your", "device", "with", "its", "original", "ROM", "." ]

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[ "After", "flashing", ",", "the", "bootkit", "will", "be", "removed", "." ]

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[ "FrozenCell", ":", "Multi-Platform", "Surveillance", "Campaign", "Against", "Palestinians", "October", "5", ",", "2017", "FrozenCell", "has", "been", "seen", "masquerading", "as", "various", "well", "known", "social", "media", "and", "chat", "applications", "as", "well", "as", "an", "app", "likely", "only", "used", "by", "Palestinian", "or", "Jordanian", "students", "sitting", "their", "2016", "general", "exams", "." ]

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[ "Lookout", "researchers", "have", "discovered", "a", "new", "mobile", "surveillanceware", "family", ",", "FrozenCell", "." ]

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[ "The", "threat", "is", "likely", "targeting", "employees", "of", "various", "Palestinian", "government", "agencies", ",", "security", "services", ",", "Palestinian", "students", ",", "and", "those", "affiliated", "with", "the", "Fatah", "political", "party", "." ]

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[ "FrozenCell", "is", "the", "mobile", "component", "of", "a", "multi-platform", "attack", "we", "'ve", "seen", "a", "threat", "actor", "known", "as", "\"", "Two-tailed", "Scorpion/APT-C-23", ",", "''", "use", "to", "spy", "on", "victims", "through", "compromised", "mobile", "devices", "and", "desktops", "." ]

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[ "The", "desktop", "components", "of", "this", "attack", ",", "previously", "discovered", "by", "Palo", "Alto", "Network", ",", "are", "known", "as", "KasperAgent", "and", "Micropsia", "." ]

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[ "We", "discovered", "561MB", "of", "exfiltrated", "data", "from", "24", "compromised", "Android", "devices", "while", "investigating", "this", "threat", "." ]

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[ "More", "data", "is", "appearing", "daily", ",", "leading", "us", "to", "believe", "the", "actors", "are", "still", "highly", "active", "." ]

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[ "We", "are", "continuing", "to", "watch", "it", "closely", "." ]

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[ "This", "threat", "is", "another", "proof", "point", "that", "attackers", "are", "clearly", "incorporating", "the", "mobile", "device", "into", "their", "surveillance", "campaigns", "as", "a", "primary", "attack", "vector", "." ]

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[ "Government", "agencies", "and", "enterprises", "should", "look", "at", "this", "threat", "as", "an", "example", "of", "the", "kind", "of", "spying", "that", "is", "now", "possible", "given", "how", "ubiquitous", "mobile", "devices", "are", "in", "the", "workplace", "." ]

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[ "Attackers", "are", "keenly", "aware", "of", "the", "information", "they", "can", "derive", "from", "these", "devices", "and", "are", "using", "multi-stage", "(", "phishing", "+", "an", "executable", ")", ",", "multi-platform", "(", "Android", "+", "desktop", ")", "attacks", "to", "accomplish", "their", "spying", "." ]

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[ "All", "Lookout", "customers", "are", "protected", "from", "this", "threat", "." ]

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[ "What", "it", "does", "FrozenCell", "masquerades", "as", "fake", "updates", "to", "chat", "applications", "like", "Facebook", ",", "WhatsApp", ",", "Messenger", ",", "LINE", ",", "and", "LoveChat", "." ]

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[ "We", "also", "detected", "it", "in", "apps", "targeted", "toward", "specific", "Middle", "Eastern", "demographics", "." ]

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[ "For", "example", ",", "the", "actors", "behind", "FrozenCell", "used", "a", "spoofed", "app", "called", "Tawjihi", "2016", ",", "which", "Jordanian", "or", "Palestinian", "students", "would", "ordinarily", "use", "during", "their", "general", "secondary", "examination", "." ]

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[ "Once", "installed", "on", "a", "device", "FrozenCell", "is", "capable", "of", ":", "Recording", "calls", "Retrieving", "generic", "phone", "metadata", "(", "e.g.", ",", "cell", "location", ",", "mobile", "country", "code", ",", "mobile", "network", "code", ")", "Geolocating", "a", "device", "Extracting", "SMS", "messages", "Retrieving", "a", "victim", "'s", "accounts", "Exfiltrating", "images", "Downloading", "and", "installing", "additional", "applications", "Searching", "for", "and", "exfiltrating", "pdf", ",", "doc", ",", "docx", ",", "ppt", ",", "pptx", ",", "xls", ",", "and", "xlsx", "file", "types", "Retrieving", "contacts", "The", "graph", "below", "represents", "a", "split", "of", "the", "types", "of", "data", "from", "only", "one", "misconfigured", "command", "and", "control", "server", "(", "out", "of", "over", "37", "servers", ")", "." ]

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[ "This", "is", "only", "a", "small", "picture", "of", "the", "threat", "actor", "'s", "operations", "." ]

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[ "Split", "of", "exfiltrated", "data", "Some", "noteworthy", "files", "identified", "in", "content", "taken", "from", "compromised", "devices", "include", "passport", "photos", ",", "audio", "recordings", "of", "calls", ",", "other", "images", ",", "and", "a", "PDF", "document", "with", "data", "on", "484", "individuals", "." ]

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[ "The", "PDF", "lists", "dates", "of", "birth", ",", "gender", ",", "passport", "numbers", ",", "and", "names", "." ]

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[ "This", "data", "shows", "a", "distinct", "concentration", "of", "infected", "devices", "beaconing", "from", "Gaza", ",", "Palestine", "." ]

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[ "Map", "of", "potential", "targets", "Early", "samples", "of", "FrozenCell", "used", "an", "online", "service", "for", "storing", "geolocation", "information", "of", "infected", "devices", "." ]

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[ "Analysis", "of", "this", "telemetry", "shows", "infected", "devices", "are", "completely", "based", "in", "Gaza", ",", "Palestine", "." ]

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[ "It", "has", "not", "been", "confirmed", "whether", "these", "are", "from", "test", "devices", "or", "the", "devices", "of", "victims", "." ]

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[ "We", "were", "also", "able", "to", "link", "the", "FrozenCell", "'s", "Android", "infrastructure", "to", "numerous", "desktop", "samples", "that", "are", "part", "of", "the", "larger", "multi-platform", "attack", "." ]

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