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1726
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1728
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1730
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1732
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1733
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1745
[ "In", "a", "different", "period", "of", "the", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "campaign", ",", "droppers", "and", "core", "modules", "used", "various", "combinations", "of", "the", "β€œ", "a", "*", "*", "*", "d", "”", "and", "β€œ", "i", "*", "*", "*", "e", "”", "domains", "for", "malicious", "operations", "such", "as", "prey", "list", "query", ",", "patch", "request", "and", "ads", "request", "." ]
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1746
[ "With", "a", "bit", "of", "luck", ",", "we", "managed", "to", "find", "logs", "in", "which", "the", "evidence", "showed", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "’", "s", "C", "&", "C", "front", "end", "routinely", "distributes", "a", "workload", "between", "β€œ", "w.h", "*", "*", "*", "g.com", "”", "and", "β€œ", "tt.a", "*", "*", "*", "d.net", "”", "." ]
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1747
[ "An", "in-depth", "understanding", "of", "the", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "’", "s", "campaign", "C", "&", "C", "infrastructure", "enabled", "us", "to", "reach", "the", "conclusion", "that", "the", "owner", "of", "β€œ", "i", "*", "*", "*", "e.com", "”", ",", "β€œ", "h", "*", "*", "*", "g.com", "”", "is", "the", "group", "of", "hackers", "behind", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "." ]
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1748
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1749
[ "It", "’", "s", "not", "enough", "for", "this", "malware", "family", "to", "swap", "just", "one", "innocent", "application", "with", "an", "infected", "double", "." ]
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1750
[ "It", "does", "so", "for", "each", "and", "every", "app", "on", "the", "device", "as", "long", "as", "the", "package", "names", "are", "on", "its", "prey", "list", "." ]
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1751
[ "Over", "time", ",", "this", "campaign", "will", "also", "infect", "the", "same", "device", ",", "repeatedly", ",", "with", "the", "latest", "malicious", "patches", "." ]
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1752
[ "This", "lead", "us", "to", "estimate", "there", "to", "be", "over", "2.8", "billion", "infections", "in", "total", ",", "on", "around", "25", "Million", "unique", "devices", ",", "meaning", "that", "on", "average", ",", "each", "victim", "would", "have", "suffered", "roughly", "112", "swaps", "of", "innocent", "applications", "." ]
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1753
[ "As", "an", "initial", "attack", "vector", ",", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "abuses", "the", "9Apps", "market", "–", "with", "over", "360", "different", "dropper", "variants", "." ]
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1754
[ "To", "maximize", "profit", ",", "variants", "with", "β€œ", "MinSDK", "”", "or", "β€œ", "OTA", "”", "SDK", "are", "present", "to", "further", "infect", "victims", "with", "other", "adware", "families", "." ]
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1755
[ "The", "majority", "of", "droppers", "in", "9Apps", "are", "games", ",", "while", "the", "rest", "fall", "into", "categories", "of", "adult", "entertainment", ",", "media", "player", ",", "photo", "utilities", ",", "and", "system", "utilities", "." ]
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1756
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1757
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1758
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1759
[ "Figure", "22", ":", "world", "infection", "heat", "map", "Considering", "that", "India", "is", "by", "far", "the", "most", "infected", "county", "by", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", ",", "overall", "compromised", "device", "brand", "distribution", "is", "heavily", "influenced", "by", "brand", "popularity", "among", "Indian", "Android", "users", ":", "Figure", "23", ":", "infected", "brand", "distribution", "While", "most", "infections", "occurred", "on", "devices", "running", "Android", "5", "and", "6", ",", "we", "also", "see", "a", "considerable", "number", "of", "successful", "attacks", "against", "newer", "Android", "versions", "." ]
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1760
[ "It", "is", "a", "worrying", "observation", "." ]
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1761
[ "AOSP", "patched", "the", "Janus", "vulnerability", "since", "version", "7", "by", "introducing", "APK", "Signature", "Scheme", "V2", "." ]
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1762
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1763
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1764
[ "App", "Swap", "Per", "Device", "Avg", "." ]
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1765
[ "Droppers", "Per", "Device", "Avg", "." ]
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1766
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1767
[ "We", "classify", "this", "40-month", "period", "into", "three", "main", "stages", "." ]
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1768
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1769
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1770
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1771
[ "However", ",", "samples", "don", "’", "t", "have", "key", "capabilities", "to", "infect", "innocent", "apps", "on", "victim", "devices", "yet", "." ]
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1772
[ "May", "2018", "to", "April", "2019", ":", "This", "is", "the", "actual", "mature", "stage", "of", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "campaign", "." ]
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1773
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1774
[ "A", "series", "of", "pilot", "runs", "were", "executed", "." ]
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1775
[ "After", "some", "major", "upgrade", ",", "by", "mid-June", ",", "the", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "campaign", "reached", "its", "peak", "." ]
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1776
[ "Its", "dropper", "family", "finished", "integration", "with", "Bundle", "Feng", "Shui", "and", "campaign", "C", "&", "C", "infrastructure", "was", "shifted", "to", "AWS", "cloud", "." ]
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1777
[ "The", "Campaign", "achieved", "exponential", "growth", "from", "June", "to", "December", "2018", "with", "the", "infection", "number", "staying", "stable", "into", "early", "2019", "." ]
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1778
[ "Post-April", "2019", ":", "Starting", "from", "early", "2019", ",", "the", "new", "infection", "rate", "of", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "dropped", "significantly", "." ]
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1779
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1780
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1781
[ "The", "actor", "also", "built", "solid", "backend", "infrastructures", "which", "can", "handle", "high", "volume", "concurrent", "requests", "." ]
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1782
[ "During", "our", "extended", "threat", "hunting", ",", "we", "uncovered", "11", "apps", "on", "the", "Google", "Play", "store", "that", "contain", "a", "malicious", "yet", "dormant", "SDK", "related", "to", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "actor", "." ]
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1783
[ "This", "discovery", "indicates", "the", "actor", "’", "s", "ambition", "in", "expanding", "operations", "into", "Google", "Play", "store", "with", "previous", "success", "experience", "from", "the", "main", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "campaign", "." ]
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1784
[ "Instead", "of", "embedding", "core", "malware", "payload", "in", "droppers", ",", "the", "actor", "switches", "to", "a", "more", "low-key", "SDK", "approach", "." ]
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1785
[ "In", "the", "dangerous", "module", "lies", "a", "kill", "switch", "logic", "which", "looks", "for", "the", "keyword", "β€œ", "infect", "”", "." ]
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1786
[ "Once", "the", "keyword", "is", "present", ",", "the", "SDK", "will", "switch", "from", "innocent", "ads", "server", "to", "malicious", "payload", "delivery", "ones", "." ]
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1787
[ "Hence", ",", "we", "name", "this", "new", "spin-off", "campaign", "as", "Jaguar", "Kill", "Switch", "." ]
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1788
[ "The", "below", "code", "snippet", "is", "currently", "isolated", "and", "dormant", "." ]
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1789
[ "In", "the", "future", ",", "it", "will", "be", "invoked", "by", "malicious", "SDK", "during", "banner", "ads", "display", "." ]
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1790
[ "Figure", "26", ":", "the", "kill", "switch", "code", "snippet", "Evidence", "implies", "that", "the", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "actor", "is", "currently", "laying", "the", "groundwork", ",", "increasing", "its", "Google", "Play", "penetration", "rate", "and", "waiting", "for", "the", "right", "timing", "to", "kick", "off", "attacks", "." ]
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1791
[ "By", "the", "time", "of", "this", "publication", ",", "two", "Jaguar", "Kill", "Switch", "infected", "app", "has", "reached", "10", "million", "downloads", "while", "others", "are", "still", "in", "their", "early", "stages", "." ]
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1792
[ "Check", "Point", "Research", "reported", "these", "dangerous", "apps", "to", "Google", "upon", "discovery", "." ]
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1793
[ "Currently", ",", "all", "bespoke", "apps", "have", "been", "taken", "down", "from", "the", "Google", "Play", "store", "." ]
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1794
[ "Figure", "28", ":", "Jaguar", "Kill", "Switch", "infected", "GP", "apps", "Peek", "Into", "the", "Actor", "Based", "on", "all", "of", "the", "above", ",", "we", "connected", "β€œ", "Agent", "Smith", "”", "campaign", "to", "a", "Chinese", "internet", "company", "located", "in", "Guangzhou", "whose", "front", "end", "legitimate", "business", "is", "to", "help", "Chinese", "Android", "developers", "publish", "and", "promote", "their", "apps", "on", "overseas", "platforms", "." ]
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1795
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1796
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1797
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1798
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1799
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