Skandinaviya

Skandinaviya Shimoliy Yevropa mamlakatlari tomonidan shakllangan geografiyadir. Skandinaviya mamlakatlariga Daniya, Shvetsiya va Norvegiya kabi davlatlar kiradi. Bu davlatlar bilan bir qatorda, Skandinaviyani Finlandiya, Islandiya, Faroe orollari, Åland orollari va Grenlandiya tashkil etadi. Ushbu mamlakatlarning tillari oʻxshash, faqat fin tili bundan mustasno. Ushbu tillar shimoliy olmon tillari yoki skandinaviya tillari deb nomlanadi.

Skandinaviyaga kiruvchi Norvegiya Yevropaning eng boy mamlakatlaridan biridir. Ushbu mamlakat neft eksport qiluvchi mamlakat, biroq baliqchilik hamda Angliya bilan munosabati tufayli Yevropa Ittifoqiga qoʻshilmagan.

 Bu qatorda, Islandiya ham Yevropa Ittifoqi aʼzosi emas.
 Daniya esa 1973-yilda Yevropa Ittifoqiga qoʻshilgan.
 Daniyaga qarashli Grenlandiya oroli 1979-yilda referendum orqali Yevropa Ittifoqidan ajralib chiqqan.
 Faqat 1995-yilda Shvetsiya va Finlandiya betaraflikdan voz kechib, Yevropa Ittifoqiga qoʻshilishdi.

Qiziqarli faktlar 
Skandinaviyadagi eng katta davlat - Shvetsiyadir. Uning maydoni  447 435 km² tashkil qiladi.

Yana qarang 
 Skandinaviya mifologiyasi

Izohlar

Manbalar

Adabiyotlar 

 Barton, H. Arnold. Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era: 1760-1815 (U of Minnesota Press, 1986) online review
 Derry, T. K. A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland (George Allen & Unwin, 1979). online review
 Helle, Knut, ed. The Cambridge history of Scandinavia. Volume 1, Prehistory to 1520 (Cambridge UP, 2003).

 Mikkelsen, Flemming, Knut Kjeldstadli, and Stefan Nyzell, eds. Popular struggle and democracy in Scandinavia: 1700-present (Springer, 2017).
 Nissen, Henrik S. ed. Scandinavia during the Second World War (1983) online review
 Nordstrom, Byron J. Scandinavia since 1500 (U of Minnesota Press, 2000).
 Pulsiano, Phillip, and Paul Leonard Acker. Medieval Scandinavia: an encyclopedia (Taylor & Francis, 1993).

 Salmon, Patrick. Scandinavia and the great powers 1890-1940 (Cambridge UP, 2002).
 Sawyer, Birgit. Medieval Scandinavia: From conversion to reformation, circa 800-1500 (U of Minnesota Press, 1993).
 Sawyer, Peter Hayes. Kings and vikings: Scandinavia and Europe AD 700-1100 (1982)

 Wilson, David Mackenzie, and P. Foote. The Viking achievement: the society and culture of early medieval Scandinavia (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1970).
 Winroth, Anders. The Age of the Vikings (Princeton UP, 2016) excerpt
 Winroth, Anders. The Conversion of Scandinavia: Vikings, Merchants, and Missionaries in the Remaking of Northern Europe (Yale UP, 2012). excerpt
 Anderson, Jorgen, and Jens Hoff, eds. Democracy and citizenship in Scandinavia (Springer, 2001).
 Bendixsen, Synnøve, Mary Bente Bringslid, and Halvard Vike, eds. Egalitarianism in Scandinavia: Historical and contemporary perspectives (Springer, 2017).
 Gallie, Duncan. „The quality of working life: is Scandinavia different?.“ European Sociological Review 19.1 (2003): 61-79.
 Green, Ken, Thorsteinn Sigurjónsson, and Eivind Åsrum Skille, eds. Sport in Scandinavia and the Nordic countries (Routledge, 2018).

 Hilson, Mary. The Nordic Model: Scandinavia since 1945 (Reaktion books, 2008).
 Ingebritsen, Christine. Scandinavia in world politics (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006).
 Kröger, Teppo. „Local government in Scandinavia: autonomous or integrated into the welfare state?.“ in Social Care Services (Routledge, 2019) pp. 95-108.
 Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio. „Penal policy in Scandinavia.“ Crime and justice 36.1 (2007): 217-295.

 Nestingen, Andrew. Crime and fantasy in Scandinavia: Fiction, film and social change (University of Washington Press, 2011).
 Rogerson, Richard. „Taxation and market work: is Scandinavia an outlier?.“ Economic theory 32.1 (2007): 59-85. online
 Strand, Robert, R. Edward Freeman, and Kai Hockerts. „Corporate social responsibility and sustainability in Scandinavia: An overview.“ Journal of Business Ethics 127.1 (2015): 1-15 online.

Havolalar 

 
 Nordic Council — Nordic mintaqasida hamkorlik qilish uchun rasmiy veb-sayt 
 Nordregio — Nordic Vazirlar Kengashi tomonidan tashkil etilgan sayt 
 vifanord — raqamli kutubxona 
 Skandinaviyadagi ekspatlar — Skandinaviyadagi ekspatlar uchun foydali maʼlumotlarga ega veb-sayt.