Tiffany shishasi

Tiffany shishasi — 1878-yildan 1933-yilgacha New-Yorkdagi Tiffany studiyasida Louis Comfort Tiffany va boshqa dizaynerlar jamoasi, jumladan Klara Driskoll Agnes F tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va xilma-xil shisha turlarini anglatadi. Northrop va Frederik Wilson tomonidan yaratilgan.

Turlari

Opalescent shisha 

„Opalescent shisha“ atamasi odatda ishlab chiqarish jarayonida bir nechta rang mavjud boʻlgan oynani tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladi, bu ikki rang laminatlangan boʻlishi mumkin boʻlgan miltillovchi oynaga yoki kumush nitrat eritmasi yuzaki boʻlgan kumush rangli oynaga nisbatan qoʻllaniladi, qizil oynani toʻq sariq rangga va koʻk oynani yashil rangga aylantiradi. Baʼzi opalescent shishalar 1860 va 1870-yillardan boshlab Angliyadagi bir nechta vitraj studiyalarida, xususan, Xiton, Butler va Bayn tomonidan ishlatilgan. Uning qoʻllanilishi tobora keng tarqalgan va ommalashgan. Opalescent shisha Tiffany tomonidan yaratilgan koʻzoynaklar assortimenti uchun asosdir.

Favrli stakan 

Tiffani 1892-yilda Favrile oynasini patentladi. Favril oynasi koʻpincha klassik antik davrdagi baʼzi stakanlarda uchraydigan oʻziga xos xususiyatga ega: u yuzaki nurlanishga ega. Bu iridescence sirtning porlashiga olib keladi, lekin ayni paytda maʼlum darajada shaffoflikni keltirib chiqaradi. Shishaning bu nurli effekti esa turli xil rangdagi shishalarni issiq holatda aralashtirish orqali olingan.

Streamer oynasi 

Streamer oynasi — bu uning yuzasiga yopishtirilgan shisha iplar naqshli shisha varagʻiga ishora qiladi. Tiffani bunday teksturali oynadan, masalan, novdalar, novdalar va oʻtlarni tasvirlash uchun foydalangan.

Shisha sinishi 

Singan shisha deganda — uning yuzasiga notekis shakldagi, yupqa shisha plastinalardan iborat naqshli shisha varaq tushuniladi. Tiffani, masalan, uzoqdan koʻrinadigan barglarni tasvirlash uchun bunday teksturali oynadan foydalangan.

Singan shisha 

Singan-streamer oynasi shisha iplar naqshli shisha varagʻiga va uning yuzasiga yopishtirilgan notekis shaklli, yupqa shisha plastinalarga ishora qiladi. Tiffani novdalar, novdalar va oʻtlar va uzoq barglarni tasvirlash uchun bunday teksturali oynadan foydalangan.

Halqali rangli shisha 

Halqali rangli shisha deganda mahalliylashtirilgan, issiqlik bilan ishlov berilgan xiralashish va kristall oʻsish dinamikasi natijasida hosil boʻlgan aniq rangga ega boʻlgan choyshab oynasi tushuniladi. Ring mottle shisha XX asr boshlarida Tiffany tomonidan ixtiro qilingan. Tiffanyning oʻziga xos uslubi turli xil naqshlarni oʻz ichiga olgan shishadan foydalangan, masalan, halqali rangli shishadan topilgan va u boʻyalgan detallarga minimal tayangan.

1928-yilda Tiffany Studio yopilganida, halqali rangli shisha yasashning maxfiy formulasi unutilib, yoʻqolgan. Ring mottle shisha 60-yillarning oxirida Uroboros Glass kompaniyasidan Erik Lovell tomonidan qayta kashf etilgan. Barglar va boshqa tabiiy elementlarning organik tafsilotlari uchun anʼanaviy ravishda ishlatiladigan halqali dogʻlar, shuningdek, mavhum naqshlar kerak boʻlganda, zamonaviy ishlarda oʻz oʻrnini topadi.

Dalgalanuvchi shisha 

Dalgalanma oynasi belgilangan sirt toʻlqinlari boʻlgan teksturali oynaga ishora qiladi. Tiffany, masalan, suv yoki barg tomirlarini tasvirlash uchun bunday teksturali oynadan foydalangan.

Draper shisha 

Drapery shisha mato burmalarini taklif qiladigan qattiq buklangan shisha varagʻiga ishora qiladi. Tiffani oqib turgan liboslar va farishta qanotlariga 3 oʻlchovli effekt qoʻshish va magnoliya barglarining tabiiy qoʻpolligiga taqlid qilish uchun cherkov vitray oynalarida drapery oynadan koʻp foydalangan.

Joylar va toʻplamlar 

 Canada
 Ontario
 London – St Paul’s Cathedral, four windows, two signed by Tiffany
 Quebec
 Montreal – Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Bourgie Pavilion (formerly Erskine and American United Church), twenty windows signed by Tiffany
 Mexico
 Mexico City – Palacio de Bellas Artes
 United States
 Alabama
 Mobile, Alabama — Christ Church Cathedral

 Arizona
 Douglas, Arizona – Gadsden Hotel
 California
 Mare Island, Vallejo – St. Peter’s Chapel
 Colorado
 Colorado Springs, Colorado – First United Methodist Church
 Connecticut
 New Haven
 Center Church on the Green
 Trinity Lutheran Church
 Florida
 St. Augustine – Flagler College
 Georgia
 Atlanta – All Saints' Episcopal Church
 Jekyll Island – Faith Chapel
 Macon – St. Paul’s Episcopal Church
 Savannah – Gryphon Tea Room
 Thomasville, Georgia St. Thomas Episcopal Church
 Illinois
 Chicago
 Macy’s on State Street, formerly Marshall Field’s
 Second Presbyterian Church on South Michigan Avenue
 Indiana
 Indianapolis – Second Presbyterian Church
 Iowa
 Dubuque – St. Lukeʼs United Methodist Church
 Kansas
 Topeka – First Presbyterian Church
 Kentucky
 Covington – Trinity Episcopal Church
 Louisiana
 New Orleans – Tulane University
 Maine
 Portland – Masonic Temple
 Maryland
 Baltimore – Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church
 Massachusetts
 Boston –
 Arlington Street Church
 Church of the Covenant
 Wellesley – Houghton Memorial Chapel at Wellesley College
 Nantucket — St. Pauls Episcopal Church
 Michigan
 Ann Arbor –
 Unitarian Universalist Church (Hobbs &amp; Black)
 Newberry Hall (Kelsey Museum of Archeology)
 Grand Rapids –
 Ladies Literary Club
 Temple Emanuel
 Missouri
 Kansas City – St. Mary’s Episcopal Church
 Kirkwood – Grace Episcopal Church
 New Hampshire
 Bretton Woods – Mount Washington Hotel
 New Jersey
 Hackensack – Second Reformed Church
 Maplewood – Morrow Memorial United Methodist Church
 New Brunswick – Kirkpatrick Chapel at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
 New York
 Albany – First Presbyterian Church of Albany
 Albion – Pullman Memorial Universalist Church
 Auburn – Willard Chapel
 Beacon – St. Andrew’s Church
 Briarcliff Manor – Congregational Church
 Buffalo – St. Paul’s Episcopal Cathedral
 Irvington –
 Irvington Presbyterian Church
 Reading Room, Irvington Town Hall
 Lockport – First Presbyterian Church
 New York City –
 Brooklyn –
 Brown Memorial Baptist Church and church house
 Flatbush Reformed Church and church house
 First Unitarian Congregational Society and Rev. Donald McKinney chapel
 Manhattan –
 Grand Central Terminal –  clock face on south facade
 West End Collegiate Church, West End Avenue
 St. Michael’s Church, New York City, Amsterdam Avenue at 99th Street
 Holy Trinity Lutheran Church
 Roslyn – Trinity Episcopal Church
 Roxbury – Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church
 Saugerties – St. Mary of the Snow, 36 Cedar Street
 Troy — Troy Public Library
 Tuxedo Park – St. Mary’s-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church
 Garden City – St Paul’s School, endangered glass
 Washingtonville – Moffat Library
 Ohio
 Cleveland – Wade Memorial Chapel in Lake View Cemetery
 Dayton –
 Westminster Presbyterian Church, 125 N. Wilkinson Street
 Historic Woodland Cemetery &amp; Arboretum, 118 Woodland Avenue
 Pennsylvania
 Altoona – St. Lukes Episcopal Church
 Brownsville – Christ Episcopal Church
 Erie –
 Cathedral of St. Paul
 First Presbyterian Church
 Franklin – St. Johnʼs Episcopal Church
 Kittanning – Grace Presbyterian Church
 Lancaster — First Presbyterian Church
 Lewistown –
 St. Mark’s Episcopal Church
 First United Methodist Church
 Montgomery Township – Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church
 New Castle – St. Judeʼs Episcopal Church, formerly known as Trinity Episcopal Church
 Philadelphia –
 Calvary Center for Culture and Community
 Church of the Holy Trinity
 First Presbyterian Church
 St. Stephenʼs Episcopal Church
 Pittsburgh –
 Calvary United Methodist Church
 Emmanuel Episcopal Church
 Shadyside Presbyterian Church
 First Presbyterian Church
 Third Presbyterian Church
 St. Andrews Episcopal Church
 Sewickley –
 First Presbyterian Church
 St. Stephenʼs Episcopal Church
 Sharon – Buhl Mausoleum
 Titusville — St. James Memorial Episcopal Church
 Uniontown –
 Trinity United Presbyterian Church
 St. Peter’s Episcopal Church
 Whitemarsh Township – St. Thomas' Church
 Williamsport – Christ Community Worship Center, formerly the Presbyterian Church of the Covenant
 Tennessee
 Chattanooga – Saints Peter and Paul Basilica
 Memphis – Grace-St. Lukeʼs Episcopal Church
 Texas
 Galveston – Trinity Episcopal Church
 Utah
 Salt Lake City – Salt Lake Temple
 Salt Lake City – St. Mark’s Episcopal Cathedral
 Vermont
 St. Johnsbury – Grace United Methodist Church
 Virginia
 Newport News, VA—St. Paul’s Episcopal Church
 Norfolk, VA — St. Paul’s Episcopal Church
 Richmond – Congregation Beth Ahabah
 Petersburg – Blandford Church
 Staunton – Trinity Episcopal Church
 Washington
 Seattle – Pierre P. Ferry House
 Wisconsin
 Menomonie – Mabel Tainter Memorial Building
 Milwaukee – St. Paul’s Episcopal Church
 Oshkosh – Oshkosh Public Museum

Manbalar