Avliyo Andrew ordeni

Birinchi darajali Avliyo Andrew ordeni () Rossiya Federatsiyasining eng yuqori ordeni hisoblanadi. 1698-yilda Rossiya podsholigi va Rossiya imperiyasining birinchi va eng yuqori ritsarlik ordeni sifatida tashkil etilgan boʻlib, u 1998-yilda Rossiyaning eng yuqori ordeni sifatida qayta tiklangan. SSSR davrida bekor qilingan.

Rossiya imperiyasi

Kelib chiqishi 
Orden 1698-yilda Buyuk podshoh Pyotr tomonidan Isoning birinchi havoriysi va Rossiyaning homiysi avliyo Endryu sharafiga ta'sis etilgan. U bitta darajada, faqat eng buyuk fuqaroviy yoki harbiy xizmat uchun berilgan.

Pyotr I butun rus mukofotlarni topshirish amaliyotini Buyuk elchilik davrida Gʻarbga qilgan sayohatlaridan bilib oldi. Ilgari Rossiya davlatiga xizmat pul yoki katta mulk bilan taqdirlangan. U Angliyaning “Garter” ordeni va Avstriyaning “Oltin Rune” ordeni bilan taqdirlash marosimlarini oʻz koʻzi bilan koʻrdi. Mukofotlanganlarning sadoqat va gʻururini payqadi. Bundan tashqari, davlatning yer va pul mablagʻlari tejaldi.

Ordenning birinchi sohibi graf Fyodor Golovin edi. 1917-yilgi rus inqilobidan keyin u bekor qilinmaguncha, mingdan ortiq mukofotlar topshirilgan. Monarxiya davrida Avliyo Andrew ordeni bilan taqdirlanganlar ham avtomatik ravishda merosiy zodagonlikka ega boʻlib, Avliyo Aleksandr Nevskiy ordeni, Oq burgut ordeni, Avliyo Anna birinchi darajali ordeni va Muqaddas Stanislaus ordeni bilan taqdirlandilar. Bundan tashqari, quyi darajali oluvchilar avtomatik ravishda general-leytenant yoki vitse-admiral unvoniga koʻtarildi. Avliyo Andrew ordeni bilan surgundagi Rossiya imperatorlik xonadoni tomonidan taqdirlanishda davom etdi. Inqilobdan keyingi birinchi taqdimot 1923-yil aprel oyida Rossiya shahzodasi Georgiy Konstantinovichga oʻzining sulolaviy totuvlikka erishganligi haqidagi taqdimot edi

Belgilar 

Ordenning nishoni quyidagilardan iborat edi:

 Nishon: sirlangan va toj kiygan qora ikki boshli burgut, koʻk rangda Avliyo Andrew xochi (saltire) boʻlib, uning ustiga Avliyo Endryu xochga mixlangan; saltirning qoʻllarida lotin harflaridagi "SAPR" ("Sent-Endryu, Rossiya homiysi") yozuvi tushirilgan. U oʻng yelkadagi och koʻk kamarga taqiladi yoki maxsus holatlarda chiroyli "yoqa" (zanjir) bilan taqiladi.
 Yulduz: sakkiz qirrali kumush yulduz, markazda oltin fonda nishonning miniatyurasi, atrofidagi koʻk halqada "Imon va sadoqat uchun" shiori (rus.  Za Veru i Vernost'). U chap koʻkrakka taqiladi.

Ordenning nishonlari alohida farq sifatida "olmos bilan" taqdirlanishi mumkin. Sankt -Peterburgdagi Avliyo Endryu sobori ushbu ritsarlik ordenining boʻlim cherkovi edi.

Oluvchilar (qisman roʻyxat)

Rossiya Federatsiyasi 

Xuddi shu nomdagi, ammo turli xil daraja va nizomlarga ega boʻlgan orden birinchi marta 1988-yil 27-dekabrda Rossiya pravoslav cherkovi tomonidan norasmiy ravishda qayta tiklangan. Prezidentning 1998-yil 1-iyundagi 757-sonli farmoni bilan orden Rossiyaning eng oliy fuqarolik va harbiy mukofoti sifatida rasman qayta tiklangan. Prezidentning 2010-yil 7-sentabrdagi 1099-son qarori bilan orden bilan taqdirlash mezonlariga oʻzgartirishlar kiritilgan.

Orden nizomi 
Birinchi darajali Avliyo Andrew ordeni taniqli davlat va jamoat arboblarini, ilm-fan, madaniyat, san'at va turli sohalarning taniqli vakillarini Rossiyaning gullab-yashnashi, ulugʻvorligi va shon-shuhratini oshirishdagi beqiyos xizmatlari uchun mukofotlashda foydalaniladi.

Orden Rossiya Federatsiyasi oldidagi ulkan xizmatlari uchun xorijiy davlatlar rahbarlariga ham berilishi mumkin.

Belgilari 
Zamonaviy Avliyo Andrew ordeni nishonlarining dizayni imperator dizaynidan biroz oʻzgargan. U quyidagilardan iborat:

 zanjirga ("yoqa" deb ataladi) biriktirilgan nishon (ikki boshli burgut) juda kam holatlarda boʻyniga taqiladi, odatda 100 mm kenglikdagi koʻk kamar oʻng yelkasiga taqiladi
 chap koʻkrakka taqiladigan yulduz

Orden lentasining rangi imperatorlik davridagi rangdan farq qiladi. Bu jihatdan Britaniya Garter ordeniga oʻxshaydi. Ordenning harbiylar uchun beriladiganida ikkita burgutning boshi ustidagi toj ostidan qilichlar kesib oʻtgan. Burgutning orqa tomonida oq lentada orden shiori oltin harflar bilan yozilgan: «Za veru i vernost» («Imon va sadoqat uchun»).

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Ordenlar
Medallar, mukofotlar va ordenlar sohiblari
Pages with unreviewed translations