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Catalan_language | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region. | Q1: When was the Treaty of the Pyrenees?
A1: 1659
Q2: What part of Catalonia did Spain give to France?
A2: northern part
Q3: Why did Spain give part of Catalonia to France?
A3: Treaty of the Pyrenees
Q4: What language began to influence Catalan?
A4: French
Q5: When did French become the official language of that part of Catalonia?
A5: 1700 | Language and literature |
Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors was the peace of God; as far as the Church was concerned, internal dissent and doctrinal schism were a far greater problem. The solution came from a hitherto unlikely source: as pontifex maximus Constantine I favoured the "Catholic Church of the Christians" against the Donatists because: | Q1: Who said the imperial honors were against Christian teachings?
A1: St. Jerome
Q2: With what veneration did most Christians have little trouble?
A2: "pagan" emperors
Q3: To what did the Christian church equate the peace of the emperors?
A3: peace of God
Q4: What pontifax maximus favored the Catholic church?
A4: Constantine I
Q5: What Christian group did Constantine I disapprove?
A5: Donatists | History |
Valencia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the abolition of the charters of Valencia and most of its institutions, and the conformation of the kingdom and its capital to the laws and customs of Castile, top civil officials were no longer elected, but instead were appointed directly from Madrid, the king's court city, the offices often filled by foreign aristocrats. Valencia had to become accustomed to being an occupied city, living with the presence of troops quartered in the Citadel near the convent of Santo Domingo and in other buildings such as the Lonja, which served as a barracks until 1762. | Q1: What type of people often held Valencia's offices?
A1: foreign aristocrats
Q2: From where were Valencia's officials chosen?
A2: Madrid
Q3: What convent was close to the area where troops lived?
A3: Santo Domingo
Q4: Until when was the Lonja used to quarter troops?
A4: 1762 | Geography and places |
Materialism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the advent of quantum physics, some scientists believed the concept of matter had merely changed, while others believed the conventional position could no longer be maintained. For instance Werner Heisenberg said "The ontology of materialism rested upon the illusion that the kind of existence, the direct 'actuality' of the world around us, can be extrapolated into the atomic range. This extrapolation, however, is impossible... atoms are not things." Likewise, some philosophers[which?] feel that these dichotomies necessitate a switch from materialism to physicalism. Others use the terms "materialism" and "physicalism" interchangeably. | Q1: Werner Heisenberg suggested that atoms are not what?
A1: things | Philosophy and religion |
East_India_Company | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that: | Q1: what was the type of Revolution that allowed Britian to move ahead of its European rivals?
A1: Industrial Revolution
Q2: What was the name of William Henry Pyne book from 1808?
A2: The Microcosm of London
Q3: What became the largest player in the British global market according to William Henry Pyne?
A3: The company
Q4: What country was the home to the Industrial Revolution?
A4: Britain
Q5: The industrial revoluntion gave raise to the access to what type of material?
A5: raw | History |
Great_Plains | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the arrival of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, a Spanish conquistador, the first recorded history of encounter between Europeans and Native Americans in the Great Plains occurred in Texas, Kansas and Nebraska from 1540-1542. In that same time period, Hernando de Soto crossed a west-northwest direction in what is now Oklahoma and Texas. Today this is known as the De Soto Trail. The Spanish thought the Great Plains were the location of the mythological Quivira and Cíbola, a place said to be rich in gold. | Q1: who was the spanish conquistador who had encounters with europeans and native americans?
A1: Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Q2: who crossed a section of oklahoma and texas?
A2: Hernando de Soto
Q3: what is the section of oklahoma and texas that Hernando de Soto traveled?
A3: the De Soto Trail
Q4: who thought the great plains were the locations of Quivira and Cíbola?
A4: The Spanish
Q5: what did the spanish think the cities of Quivira and Cíbola were rich in?
A5: gold | History |
San_Diego | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of its residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes Interstate 5, which runs south to Tijuana and north to Los Angeles; Interstate 8, which runs east to Imperial County and the Arizona Sun Corridor; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the Inland Empire to Las Vegas and Salt Lake City; and Interstate 805, which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at Sorrento Valley. | Q1: What major interstate runs from Tijuana to Los Angeles?
A1: Interstate 8
Q2: Where does Interstate 805 split from I-5?
A2: near the Mexican border
Q3: Which interstate directly connects the east with the Arizona Sun Corridor and Imperial County?
A3: Interstate 8
Q4: What two major cities are Inland Empire connected to via Interstate 15?
A4: Las Vegas and Salt Lake City
Q5: What percentage of San Diego's residents rely on theri automobile as a primary source of transportation?
A5: over 80 percent | Geography and places |
Mosaic | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the building of Christian basilicas in the late 4th century, wall and ceiling mosaics were adopted for Christian uses. The earliest examples of Christian basilicas have not survived, but the mosaics of Santa Constanza and Santa Pudenziana, both from the 4th century, still exist. The winemaking putti in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza still follow the classical tradition in that they represent the feast of Bacchus, which symbolizes transformation or change, and are thus appropriate for a mausoleum, the original function of this building. In another great Constantinian basilica, the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem the original mosaic floor with typical Roman geometric motifs is partially preserved. The so-called Tomb of the Julii, near the crypt beneath St Peter's Basilica, is a 4th-century vaulted tomb with wall and ceiling mosaics that are given Christian interpretations. The Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki, converted into a Christian church during the course of the 4th century, was embellished with very high artistic quality mosaics. Only fragments survive of the original decoration, especially a band depicting saints with hands raised in prayer, in front of complex architectural fantasies. | Q1: Around what century were mosaics adapted for Christian churches?
A1: the late 4th century
Q2: What Christian church besides the Santa Costanza was built in the 4th century?
A2: Santa Pudenziana
Q3: What was the original function of the Santa Costanza church?
A3: a mausoleum
Q4: In which basilica is the Tomb of Julii?
A4: St Peter's Basilica
Q5: Under what period were the 4th century churches built?
A5: Constantinian | Art and architecture |
London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London ceased to be a capital and the walled city of Londinium was effectively abandoned, although Roman civilisation continued in the St Martin-in-the-Fields area until around 450. From around 500, an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic developed in the same area, slightly to the west of the old Roman city. By about 680, it had revived sufficiently to become a major port, although there is little evidence of large-scale production of goods. From the 820s the town declined because of repeated Viking invasions. There are three recorded Viking assaults on London; two of which were successful in 851 and 886 AD, although they were defeated during the attack of 994 AD. | Q1: What area continued to exist after Londinium was abandoned following the end of Roman rule?
A1: St Martin-in-the-Fields
Q2: What was responsible for the decline of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Lundenwic?
A2: repeated Viking invasions
Q3: How many known attacks on London did the Vikings commit?
A3: three
Q4: By the late 7th century, what was a main function of Lundenwic?
A4: a major port
Q5: Of the three recorded Viking assaults on London, how many were successful?
A5: two | Geography and places |
Computer | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the continued miniaturization of computing resources, and advancements in portable battery life, portable computers grew in popularity in the 2000s. The same developments that spurred the growth of laptop computers and other portable computers allowed manufacturers to integrate computing resources into cellular phones. These so-called smartphones and tablets run on a variety of operating systems and have become the dominant computing device on the market, with manufacturers reporting having shipped an estimated 237 million devices in 2Q 2013. | Q1: Computing resources that are created in cell phones are called what?
A1: smartphones
Q2: How many tablets were sold in 2Q 2013?
A2: 237 million devices | Engineering and technology |
John_Kerry | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army, and possible service in the Vietnam War), John Kerry's contrasting status as a decorated Vietnam War veteran posed a problem for Bush's re-election campaign, which Republicans sought to counter by calling Kerry's war record into question. As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) opposed Kerry's campaign. The group held press conferences, ran ads and endorsed a book questioning Kerry's service record and his military awards. The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Most of Kerry's former crewmates have stated that SBVT's allegations are false. | Q1: Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam?
A1: his father
Q2: What military branch was George W. Bush in?
A2: the Texas Air National Guard
Q3: How did Republicans attack Kerry?
A3: by calling Kerry's war record into question
Q4: What did SBVT change its name to?
A4: Swift Vets and POWs for Truth
Q5: What term was inspired by the attacks on Kerry?
A5: swiftboating | Warfare |
Aircraft_carrier | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the deactivation of USS Enterprise in December 2012, the U.S. fleet comprises 10 supercarriers. The House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee on 24 July 2007, recommended seven or maybe eight new carriers (one every four years). However, the debate has deepened over budgeting for the $12–14.5 billion (plus $12 billion for development and research) for the 100,000 ton Gerald R. Ford-class carrier (estimated service 2016) compared to the smaller $2 billion 45,000 ton America-class amphibious assault ships, which are able to deploy squadrons of F-35Bs. The first of this class, USS America, is now in active service with another, USS Tripoli, under construction and 9 more are planned. | Q1: How many supercarriers did the U.S. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise?
A1: 10
Q2: How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?
A2: one every four years
Q3: What class does the USS America belong to?
A3: America-class amphibious assault ships
Q4: What is the USS America capable of destroying squadrons of?
A4: F-35Bs
Q5: Which other carrier joins the USS America in active service?
A5: USS Tripoli | Warfare |
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Department of History of the University of Pittsburgh, writes that the Ming's unique relationship with Tibetan prelates essentially ended with Jiajing's reign while Ming influence in the Amdo region was supplanted by the Mongols. | Q1: Who was Zhengde's successor?
A1: Jiajing
Q2: What establishment did the politics at court shift in favor of?
A2: Neo-Confucian establishment
Q3: Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?
A3: the Portuguese embassy
Q4: Who did the Neo-Confucian establishment have animosity towards?
A4: Tibetan Buddhism and lamas
Q5: Evelyn S. Rawski claims that Ming's relationship with Tibetan prelates ended during who's reign?
A5: Jiajing | History |
Israel | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the decline of Herodians, Judea, transformed into a Roman province, became the site of a violent struggle of Jews against Greco-Romans, culminating in the Jewish-Roman Wars, ending in wide-scale destruction, expulsions, and genocide. Jewish presence in the region significantly dwindled after the failure of the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE. Nevertheless, there was a continuous small Jewish presence and Galilee became its religious center. The Mishnah and part of the Talmud, central Jewish texts, were composed during the 2nd to 4th centuries CE in Tiberias and Jerusalem. The region came to be populated predominantly by Greco-Romans on the coast and Samaritans in the hill-country. Christianity was gradually evolving over Roman paganism, when the area stood under Byzantine rule. Through the 5th and 6th centuries, the dramatic events of the repeated Samaritan revolts reshaped the land, with massive destruction to Byzantine Christian and Samaritan societies and a resulting decrease of the population. After the Persian conquest and the installation of a short-lived Jewish Commonwealth in 614 CE, the Byzantine Empire reconquered the country in 628. | Q1: When did the Jewish presence dwindle in the region?
A1: 132 CE
Q2: Who conquered the country in 628?
A2: Byzantine Empire
Q3: What was evolving over Roman paganism?
A3: Christianity | History |
Alsace | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine (Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss). Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis' Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized. Alsace remained under Frankish control until the Frankish realm, following the Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843 at the Treaty of Verdun; the grandsons of Charlemagne divided the realm into three parts. Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the youngest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts. The part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothar's son. The rest was shared between Lothar's brothers Charles the Bald (ruler of the West Frankish realm) and Louis the German (ruler of the East Frankish realm). The Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the stem duchy of Swabia. | Q1: Which three territories make up the Upper Rhine?
A1: Alsatian, Alemannian, Swabian, Swiss
Q2: Who forced Christianity upon the Alsace people?
A2: Clovis' Merovingian
Q3: What occurred at the treaty of Verdun?
A3: Oaths of Strasbourg of 842, was formally dissolved in 843
Q4: In what year did Lothar past away?
A4: 855 | History |
Franco-Prussian_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army of the Rhine at Gravelotte, the French were forced to retire to Metz, where they were besieged by over 150,000 Prussian troops of the First and Second Armies. Napoleon III and MacMahon formed the new French Army of Châlons, to march on to Metz to rescue Bazaine. Napoleon III personally led the army with Marshal MacMahon in attendance. The Army of Châlons marched northeast towards the Belgian border to avoid the Prussians before striking south to link up with Bazaine. The Prussians, under the command of Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke, took advantage of this maneuver to catch the French in a pincer grip. He left the Prussian First and Second Armies besieging Metz, except three corps detached to form the Army of the Meuse under the Crown Prince of Saxony. With this army and the Prussian Third Army, Moltke marched northward and caught up with the French at Beaumont on 30 August. After a sharp fight in which they lost 5,000 men and 40 cannons, the French withdrew toward Sedan. Having reformed in the town, the Army of Châlons was immediately isolated by the converging Prussian armies. Napoleon III ordered the army to break out of the encirclement immediately. With MacMahon wounded on the previous day, General Auguste Ducrot took command of the French troops in the field. | Q1: What factor forced the French to retreat to Metz?
A1: the defeat of Marshal Bazaine's Army
Q2: At Metz, what was the approximate number of Prussian troops?
A2: over 150,000
Q3: Who formed the new French Army of Chalons?
A3: Napoleon III and MacMahon
Q4: Along with the Army of the Meuse, what other army did Moltke march north with?
A4: the Prussian Third Army
Q5: How many casualties did Moltke suffer at Beaumont?
A5: 5,000 men | History |
North_Carolina | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865, the Reconstruction Era began. The United States abolished slavery without compensation to slaveholders or reparations to freedmen. A Republican Party coalition of black freedmen, northern carpetbaggers and local scalawags controlled state government for three years. The white conservative Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1870, in part by Ku Klux Klan violence and terrorism at the polls, to suppress black voting. Republicans were elected to the governorship until 1876, when the Red Shirts, a paramilitary organization that arose in 1874 and was allied with the Democratic Party, helped suppress black voting. More than 150 black Americans were murdered in electoral violence in 1876. | Q1: What year was the confederacy defeated?
A1: 1865
Q2: What Era began following the defeat of the confederacy?
A2: Reconstruction Era
Q3: The US abolished slavery without giving what to slave owners?
A3: compensation
Q4: When did white Democrats regain control of the state legislature?
A4: 1870
Q5: What did the KKK target with violence and terrorism at the polls?
A5: black voting | Geography and places |
Franco-Prussian_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Corps cleared out the nearby town of Roncourt and with the survivors of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a fresh attack against the ruins of St. Privat. At 20:00, the arrival of the Prussian 4th Infantry Division of the II Corps and with the Prussian right flank on Mance Ravine, the line stabilised. By then, the Prussians of the 1st Guards Infantry Division and the XII and II Corps captured St. Privat forcing the decimated French forces to withdraw. With the Prussians exhausted from the fighting, the French were now able to mount a counter-attack. General Bourbaki, however, refused to commit the reserves of the French Old Guard to the battle because, by that time, he considered the overall situation a 'defeat'. By 22:00, firing largely died down across the battlefield for the night. The next morning, the French Army of the Rhine, rather than resume the battle with an attack of its own against the battle-weary German armies, retreated to Metz where they were besieged and forced to surrender two months later. | Q1: Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert?
A1: Prince Frederick Charles
Q2: Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack?
A2: defeat of the First Army,
Q3: As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town?
A3: Roncourt
Q4: The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what?
A4: ruins of St. Privat
Q5: Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later?
A5: French Army of the Rhine | History |
Lighting | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the discovery of fire, the earliest form of artificial lighting used to illuminate an area were campfires or torches. As early as 400,000 BCE, fire was kindled in the caves of Peking Man. Prehistoric people used primitive oil lamps to illuminate surroundings. These lamps were made from naturally occurring materials such as rocks, shells, horns and stones, were filled with grease, and had a fiber wick. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as fuel. Hundreds of these lamps (hollow worked stones) have been found in the Lascaux caves in modern-day France, dating to about 15,000 years ago. Oily animals (birds and fish) were also used as lamps after being threaded with a wick. Fireflies have been used as lighting sources. Candles and glass and pottery lamps were also invented. Chandeliers were an early form of "light fixture". | Q1: Peking man kindled fire as early as?
A1: 400,000 BCE
Q2: Which type of oily animals where also used as lamps after being threaded with wick?
A2: birds and fish
Q3: What is considered the earliest form of artificial lighting?
A3: campfires or torches
Q4: The hollow worked stones lamps found in Lascaux caves date back how far?
A4: 15,000 years | Engineering and technology |
History_of_science | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the division of the Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past. In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire. With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, known as the Islamic Golden Age, lasted until the 13th century. This scholarship was aided by several factors. The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator. Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire, along with Indian sources of learning, provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon. | Q1: What was a consequence of the Roman Empire being divided?
A1: the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past
Q2: Where was support found for Greek philosophy?
A2: Arab Empire
Q3: What time period was marked by the spreading of Islam?
A3: the 7th and 8th centuries
Q4: How long did the Islamic Golden Age last?
A4: until the 13th century
Q5: What language did Muslim philosophers speak?
A5: Arabic | History |
Portugal | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country. These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal), Sines Tecnopolo (in Sines), Tecmaia (in Maia) and Parkurbis (in Covilhã). Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support. | Q1: What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?
A1: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world
Q2: What are some examples of the science parks being built in Portugal?
A2: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)
Q3: For what reason to companies locate in the Portuguese science parks?
A3: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support | Geography and places |
Military_history_of_the_United_States | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the emergence of ISIL and its capture of large areas of Iraq and Syria, a number of crises resulted that sparked international attention. ISIL had perpetrated sectarian killings and war crimes in both Iraq and Syria. Gains made in the Iraq war were rolled back as Iraqi army units abandoned their posts. Cities were taken over by the terrorist group which enforced its brand of Sharia law. The kidnapping and decapitation of numerous Western journalists and aid-workers also garnered interest and outrage among Western powers. The US intervened with airstrikes in Iraq over ISIL held territories and assets in August, and in September a coalition of US and Middle Eastern powers initiated a bombing campaign in Syria aimed at degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory. | Q1: What organization captured significant segments of Iraq and Syria?
A1: ISIL
Q2: What legal ethos does ISIL operate under?
A2: Sharia law
Q3: What actions did ISIL take against Western journalists and aid workers?
A3: kidnapping and decapitation
Q4: How did the US intervene against ISIL?
A4: airstrikes in Iraq over ISIL held territories
Q5: What was the goal of US and coalition airstrikes in Syria?
A5: degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory | History |
Architecture | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gentleman architect" who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes, typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles. Formal architectural training in the 19th century, for example at École des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility. Effective architects generally received their training in the offices of other architects, graduating to the role from draughtsmen or clerks. | Q1: What two fields began to grow apart?
A1: architecture and engineering
Q2: What did architects often neglect in their pursuit of aesthetics?
A2: technical aspects of building design
Q3: What was a term for an architect who catered to the wealthy?
A3: "gentleman architect"
Q4: What did 19th century formal architectural training neglect?
A4: context and feasibility
Q5: Where did most architects learn their trade?
A5: in the offices of other architects | Art and architecture |
Korean_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans donated 2,000 railway cars worth of matériel while thousands of Koreans served in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) during the war. North Korea also provided the Chinese Communists in Manchuria with a safe refuge for non-combatants and communications with the rest of China. | Q1: Who supported the Chinese Communists during the civil war in Manchuria?
A1: North Korean government
Q2: What two groups were fighting in the Chinese Civil War?
A2: Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists
Q3: What did the Chinese Communists want?
A3: supremacy in Manchuria
Q4: What army did North Koreans serve in during the civil war?
A4: Chinese People's Liberation Army
Q5: How much material did the North Koreans give to the Chinese communists?
A5: 2,000 railway cars worth | Warfare |
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchanges of tribute between "the patron and the priest" and were not merely instances of a political subordinate paying tribute to a superior. He also notes that the items of tribute were Buddhist artifacts which symbolized "the religious nature of the relationship." Josef Kolmaš writes that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet, content with their tribute relations that were "almost entirely of a religious character." Patricia Ann Berger writes that the Yongle Emperor's courting and granting of titles to lamas was his attempt to "resurrect the relationship between China and Tibet established earlier by the Yuan dynastic founder Khubilai Khan and his guru Phagpa." She also writes that the later Qing emperors and their Mongol associates viewed the Yongle Emperor's relationship with Tibet as "part of a chain of reincarnation that saw this Han Chinese emperor as yet another emanation of Manjusri." | Q1: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?
A1: Chinese Communist historians
Q2: What were the items of tribute?
A2: Buddhist artifacts
Q3: Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?
A3: Josef Kolmaš | History |
American_Idol | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the exception of seasons one and two, the contestants in the semifinals onwards perform in front of a studio audience. They perform with a full band in the finals. From season four to season nine, the American Idol band was led by Rickey Minor; from season ten onwards, Ray Chew. Assistance may also be given by vocal coaches and song arrangers, such as Michael Orland and Debra Byrd to contestants behind the scene. Starting with season seven, contestants may perform with a musical instrument from the Hollywood rounds onwards. In the first nine seasons, performances were usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays in the United States and Canada, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays in season ten. | Q1: In which season were contestants first allowed to use musical instruments?
A1: seven
Q2: Who was in charge of the American Idol band in season eleven?
A2: Ray Chew
Q3: In what season did American Idol start airing on Thursday nights?
A3: ten
Q4: Who was the leader of the American Idol band in season five?
A4: Rickey Minor
Q5: Who led the American Idol band between seasons four and nine?
A5: Rickey Minor
Q6: Who led the American Idol band after Rickey Minor's departure?
A6: Ray Chew
Q7: What season were contestants allowed use a musical instrument when they sing?
A7: seven | Music |
Ottoman_Empire | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east. In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder. The ensuing civil war lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum, also known as the Fetret Devri. | Q1: What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans?
A1: conquest of Constantinople
Q2: What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by?
A2: Byzantine
Q3: What leader invaded Anatolia from the east?
A3: Timur
Q4: Timur was the founder of what?
A4: Timurid Empire
Q5: What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402?
A5: Battle of Ankara | History |
History_of_science | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there arose a more diffuse arena for political studies. The rise of monotheism and, particularly for the Western tradition, Christianity, brought to light a new space for politics and political action[citation needed]. During the Middle Ages, the study of politics was widespread in the churches and courts. Works such as Augustine of Hippo's The City of God synthesized current philosophies and political traditions with those of Christianity, redefining the borders between what was religious and what was political. Most of the political questions surrounding the relationship between Church and State were clarified and contested in this period. | Q1: What allowed political studies to spread?
A1: the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Q2: What new idea caused politics to cover a larger spectrum?
A2: monotheism
Q3: Where did politics touch in the Middle Ages?
A3: churches and courts
Q4: Who wrote The City of God?
A4: Augustine of Hippo
Q5: What did The City of God change?
A5: the borders between what was religious and what was political | History |
Late_Middle_Ages | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the financial expansion, trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite. Towns saw the growing power of guilds, while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades, like the English wool Staple. The beneficiaries of these developments would accumulate immense wealth. Families like the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England, and individuals like Jacques Coeur in France would help finance the wars of kings, and achieve great political influence in the process. | Q1: What privilege was granted to companies on a national level?
A1: monopolies
Q2: Which families financed the wars of kings?
A2: the Fuggers in Germany, the Medicis in Italy, the de la Poles in England
Q3: Which economic associations gained power in the towns?
A3: guilds
Q4: Where was Jacques Couer from?
A4: France | History |
East_Prussia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. East Prussia became an exclave, being separated from mainland Germany. After the Treaty of Versailles, East Prussia was separated from Germany as an exclave; the Memelland was also separated from the province. Because most of West Prussia became part of the Second Polish Republic as the Polish Corridor, the formerly West Prussian Marienwerder region became part of East Prussia (as Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen). Also Soldau district in Allenstein region was part of Second Polish Republic. The Seedienst Ostpreußen was established to provide an independent transport service to East Prussia. | Q1: In what year did Germany become a republic?
A1: 1918
Q2: What was implemented that separated East Prussia from Germany?
A2: Treaty of Versailles
Q3: What was implemented to provide transport to East Prussia?
A3: The Seedienst Ostpreußen | History |
Melbourne | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network centred on Melbourne and spreading out across the suburbs and into the countryside was established from the late 1850s. Further major public buildings were begun in the 1860s and 1870s such as the Supreme Court, Government House, and the Queen Victoria Market. The central city filled up with shops and offices, workshops, and warehouses. Large banks and hotels faced the main streets, with fine townhouses in the east end of Collins Street, contrasting with tiny cottages down laneways within the blocks. The Aboriginal population continued to decline with an estimated 80% total decrease by 1863, due primarily to introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands. | Q1: When was the gold rush over in Melbourne?
A1: 1860
Q2: How did Melbourne grow as major port for exporting the agricultural products?
A2: gold mining
Q3: What was protected by high tarriffs?
A3: wool
Q4: In 1863, why was Aboriginal population declining?
A4: diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands.
Q5: By what year was the gold rush largely over?
A5: 1860
Q6: What was one of the major agricultural products of Victoria around 1860?
A6: wool
Q7: What were some of the reasons the Aboriginal population continued to recline?
A7: introduced diseases, particularly smallpox, frontier violence and dispossession from their lands
Q8: Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline?
A8: smallpox
Q9: The Aboriginal population declined by what estimated percentage by 1863?
A9: 80% | Geography and places |
East_India_Company | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo-Maratha wars, the British also secured the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, the fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha, Garjat/the princely states of Odisha, Balasore Port, parts of Midnapore district of West Bengal), Bombay (Mumbai) and the surrounding areas, leading to a formal end of the Maratha empire and firm establishment of the British East India Company in India. | Q1: how many Anglo Maratha wars were there?
A1: three
Q2: What empire ended after the three Anglo- Maratha wars?
A2: Maratha empire
Q3: With the formal end of Maratha Empire the EIC created a firm hold on what country?
A3: India
Q4: Was the Maratha Empire ended quick or gradual?
A4: gradual
Q5: what country took over the fort of Ahmmadnagar that then became part of the cause for the Maratha Emprie to end?
A5: British | History |
Josip_Broz_Tito | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia. | Q1: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?
A1: Axis
Q2: Who was the opponent of the Allies?
A2: Axis
Q3: Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally?
A3: German
Q4: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?
A4: Drvar
Q5: What type of assault was there in Bosnia?
A5: airborne | History |
Incandescent_light_bulb | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. It was also shown to 700 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne on 3 February 1879. These lamps used a carbon rod from an arc lamp rather than a slender filament. Thus they had low resistance and required very large conductors to supply the necessary current, so they were not commercially practical, although they did furnish a demonstration of the possibilities of incandescent lighting with relatively high vacuum, a carbon conductor, and platinum lead-in wires. Besides requiring too much current for a central station electric system to be practical, they had a very short lifetime. Swan turned his attention to producing a better carbon filament and the means of attaching its ends. He devised a method of treating cotton to produce 'parchmentised thread' and obtained British Patent 4933 in 1880. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and also the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. In 1878 the home of Lord Armstrong at Cragside was also among the first houses to be lit by electricity. In the early 1880s he had started his company. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity. | Q1: Where did Joseph Swan demonstrate his lamp in January 1879?
A1: at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society
Q2: Which vacuum pump expert helped Swan invent his lamp?
A2: Charles Stearn
Q3: Why was Swan's first lamp not commercially viable?
A3: 'parchmentised thread'
Q4: When did Swan receive a patent for parchmentised thread?
A4: 1880
Q5: What was the first public building to install electric lighting?
A5: the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London | Engineering and technology |
Friedrich_Hayek | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics. | Q1: What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute?
A1: director
Q2: Who requested that Hayek be employed by LSE?
A2: Lionel Robbins
Q3: What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London?
A3: one of the leading economic theorists in the world
Q4: What subject did Hayek's works influence and inspire?
A4: modern microeconomics
Q5: In what year did Hayek come to London?
A5: 1931 | Social sciences and society |
Police | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives." Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney. | Q1: What was the initial size of the Thames River Police force?
A1: 50
Q2: How many dock workers were the Thames River Police policing?
A2: 33,000
Q3: How many dock workers did Colquhoun say were criminals?
A3: 11,000
Q4: How much cargo theft did the Thames River Police prevent in its first year?
A4: £122,000
Q5: When was the Thames River Police made a public service?
A5: 28 July 180 | Social sciences and society |
Alloy | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the introduction of the blast furnace to Europe in the Middle Ages, pig iron was able to be produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron. Because pig iron could be melted, people began to develop processes of reducing the carbon in the liquid pig iron to create steel. Puddling was introduced during the 1700s, where molten pig iron was stirred while exposed to the air, to remove the carbon by oxidation. In 1858, Sir Henry Bessemer developed a process of steel-making by blowing hot air through liquid pig iron to reduce the carbon content. The Bessemer process was able to produce the first large scale manufacture of steel. Once the Bessemer process began to gain widespread use, other alloys of steel began to follow. Mangalloy, an alloy of steel and manganese exhibiting extreme hardness and toughness, was one of the first alloy steels, and was created by Robert Hadfield in 1882. | Q1: What did the blast furnace help do to pig iron in the middle ages?
A1: produced in much higher volumes than wrought iron
Q2: By reducing carbon in liquid pig iron, what was created?
A2: steel
Q3: When did puddling start occurring?
A3: 1700s
Q4: When was the Bessemer process developed?
A4: 1858
Q5: Steel and manganese combines form to make what?
A5: Mangalloy | Mathematics |
Nigeria | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the majority of Nigeria's populace in the rural areas, the major languages of communication in the country remain indigenous languages. Some of the largest of these, notably Yoruba and Igbo, have derived standardised languages from a number of different dialects and are widely spoken by those ethnic groups. Nigerian Pidgin English, often known simply as 'Pidgin' or 'Broken' (Broken English), is also a popular lingua franca, though with varying regional influences on dialect and slang. The pidgin English or Nigerian English is widely spoken within the Niger Delta Regions, predominately in Warri, Sapele, Port Harcourt, Agenebode, Ewu, and Benin City. | Q1: What is Nigerian Pidgin English often called?
A1: 'Pidgin' or 'Broken'
Q2: What regions is Nigerian English commonly spoken in?
A2: Niger Delta Regions
Q3: What type of region does a majority of Nigerians live in?
A3: rural
Q4: What type of languages are the most popular in Nigeria?
A4: indigenous | History |
Adult_contemporary_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the mixture of radio friendly AC tunes with some rock and pop fare also landing on the pop charts, mainstream songs won over many critics in the need to define AC, and appeared to change the tolerance and acceptance of AC music into mainstream day to day radio play. Part of the reason why more and more hot AC stations are forced to change is that less and less new music fits their bill; most new rock is too alternative for mainstream radio and most new pop is now influenced heavily by dance-pop and electronic dance music. | Q1: Who have hot AC format radio stations had to change the music they play?
A1: less and less new music fits their bill
Q2: By what two genres are modern pop songs heavily influenced?
A2: dance-pop and electronic dance music
Q3: Why is new rock not suitable for mainstream radio?
A3: too alternative | Music |
Idealism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the neoplatonist Plotinus, wrote Nathaniel Alfred Boll; "there even appears, probably for the first time in Western philosophy, idealism that had long been current in the East even at that time, for it taught... that the soul has made the world by stepping from eternity into time...". Similarly, in regard to passages from the Enneads, "The only space or place of the world is the soul" and "Time must not be assumed to exist outside the soul", Ludwig Noiré wrote: "For the first time in Western philosophy we find idealism proper in Plotinus, However, Plotinus does not address whether we know external objects, unlike Schopenhauer and other modern philosophers. | Q1: What sort of philosopher was Plotinus?
A1: neoplatonist
Q2: According to Noiré, who was the first true Western idealist?
A2: Plotinus
Q3: What issue did Schopenhauer discuss that Plotinus did not?
A3: whether we know external objects
Q4: What did the Enneads believe might not have existence outside of the soul?
A4: Time | Philosophy and religion |
Macintosh | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the new Motorola 68030 processor came the Macintosh IIx in 1988, which had benefited from internal improvements, including an on-board MMU. It was followed in 1989 by the Macintosh IIcx, a more compact version with fewer slots and a version of the Mac SE powered by the 16 MHz 68030, the Macintosh SE/30. Later that year, the Macintosh IIci, running at 25 MHz, was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean." This allowed it to natively support more than 8 MB of RAM, unlike its predecessors, which had "32-bit dirty" ROMs (8 of the 32 bits available for addressing were used for OS-level flags). System 7 was the first Macintosh operating system to support 32-bit addressing. The following year, the Macintosh IIfx, starting at US$9,900, was unveiled. Apart from its fast 40 MHz 68030 processor, it had significant internal architectural improvements, including faster memory and two Apple II CPUs (6502s) dedicated to I/O processing. | Q1: What Macintosh first included an on-board MMU?
A1: the Macintosh IIx
Q2: What was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean"?
A2: the Macintosh IIci
Q3: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llfx when it was unveiled?
A3: US$9,900
Q4: How many Apple II CPUS's did the new Macintosh llfx include?
A4: two
Q5: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llfx?
A5: 40 MHz | Engineering and technology |
Marvel_Comics | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation. | Q1: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?
A1: bankruptcy
Q2: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?
A2: 2001
Q3: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
A3: Marvel Rating System
Q4: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?
A4: X-Force #119
Q5: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?
A5: MAX | Geography and places |
FC_Barcelona | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the Pyrenees Cup, which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of Languedoc, Midi and Aquitaine (Southern France), the Basque Country and Catalonia; all were former members of the Marca Hispanica region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and Jack Greenwell. The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals Espanyol won. | Q1: How many times did Barcelona win the Pyrenees Cup?
A1: four
Q2: From what area were the participants of the Pyrenees Cup competition?
A2: Marca Hispanica
Q3: When was the Pyrenees Cup play begun?
A3: 1910
Q4: Who was Barcelona's first full time coach?
A4: Jack Greenwell
Q5: When was the last Pyrenees Cup played?
A5: 1914 | Sports and recreation |
Portugal | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred his court to Brazil and established Rio de Janeiro as the capital of the Portuguese Empire. In 1815, Brazil was declared a Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal was united with it, forming a pluricontinental State, the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. | Q1: Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline?
A1: Napoleon
Q2: How long did Portugal's decline last?
A2: until the 20th century
Q3: In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal?
A3: 1822
Q4: To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court?
A4: Brazil
Q5: What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815?
A5: United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | Geography and places |
Ashkenazi_Jews | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the onset of the Crusades in 1095, and the expulsions from England (1290), France (1394), and parts of Germany (15th century), Jewish migration pushed eastward into Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century). Over this period of several hundred years, some have suggested, Jewish economic activity was focused on trade, business management, and financial services, due to several presumed factors: Christian European prohibitions restricting certain activities by Jews, preventing certain financial activities (such as "usurious" loans) between Christians, high rates of literacy, near universal male education, and ability of merchants to rely upon and trust family members living in different regions and countries. | Q1: What year marked the onset of the Crusades?
A1: 1095
Q2: What year were the expulsions from England?
A2: 1290
Q3: What year were the expulsions from France?
A3: 1394
Q4: After expulsions from England and France, Jewish migration headed in which direction?
A4: Jewish migration pushed eastward
Q5: As Jews were expelled from England, France, and parts of Germany they head into which three countries?
A5: Poland (10th century), Lithuania (10th century), and Russia (12th century) | History |
Kathmandu | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the opening of the tourist industry after the change in the political scenario of Nepal in 1950, the hotel industry drastically improved. Now Kathmandu boasts several luxury such as the Hyatt Regency, Dwarika's, theYak & Yeti, The Everest Hotel, Hotel Radisson, Hotel De L'Annapurna, The Malla Hotel, Shangri-La Hotel (which is not operated by the Shangri-La Hotel Group) and The Shanker Hotel. There are several four-star hotels such as Hotel Vaishali, Hotel Narayani, The Blue Star and Grand Hotel. The Garden Hotel, Hotel Ambassador, and Aloha Inn are among the three-star hotels in Kathmandu. Hotels like Hyatt Regency, De L'Annapurna and Hotel Yak & Yeti are among the five-star hotels providing casinos as well. | Q1: How many stars is Kathmandu's Grand Hotel?
A1: four
Q2: What type of hotel is Aloha Inn?
A2: three-star
Q3: De L'Annapurna is an example of what sort of hotel?
A3: five-star
Q4: What attractions are present at Hotel Yak & Yeti and the Hyatt Regency?
A4: casinos | Geography and places |
ASCII | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the other special characters and control codes filled in, ASCII was published as ASA X3.4-1963, leaving 28 code positions without any assigned meaning, reserved for future standardization, and one unassigned control code.:66, 245 There was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet.:435 The indecision did not last long: during May 1963 the CCITT Working Party on the New Telegraph Alphabet proposed to assign lowercase characters to columns 6 and 7, and International Organization for Standardization TC 97 SC 2 voted during October to incorporate the change into its draft standard. The X3.2.4 task group voted its approval for the change to ASCII at its May 1963 meeting. Locating the lowercase letters in columns 6 and 7 caused the characters to differ in bit pattern from the upper case by a single bit, which simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers. | Q1: What was ASCII published as and when?
A1: ASA X3.4-1963
Q2: How many code positions were left unassigned for furture standardization?
A2: 28 code positions
Q3: When was the change to ASCII made official?
A3: May 1963
Q4: The lower case letters caused a differ in the patter, what did this cause?
A4: simplified case-insensitive character matching and the construction of keyboards and printers | Engineering and technology |
Detroit | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-hour work week, increased wages, greater benefits and improved working conditions. The labor activism during those years increased influence of union leaders in the city such as Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters and Walter Reuther of the Autoworkers. | Q1: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?
A1: Jimmy Hoffa
Q2: Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?
A2: Walter Reuther
Q3: How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?
A3: 8
Q4: How many hours did the Unions want the work week to be limited to?
A4: 40 | Geography and places |
Sony_Music_Entertainment | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records. | Q1: CBS began thinking of a name change to their record label in what year?
A1: 1965 | Music |
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey. | Q1: Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?
A1: to diversify away from gaming
Q2: Who did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with in 1999?
A2: Steve Wynn
Q3: Why did the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partner with Steve Wynn?
A3: to develop a new roadway
Q4: What was the project involving Steve Wynn nicknamed?
A4: The Tunnel Project
Q5: "The Tunnel Project" was later officially named what?
A5: Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector | Geography and places |
LaserDisc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was stretched to fill the entire video frame with less or none of the video resolution wasted to create letterbox bars. The advantage was a 33% greater vertical resolution compared to letterboxed widescreen LaserDisc. This same procedure was used for anamorphic DVDs, but unlike all DVD players, very few LD players had the ability to unsqueeze the image for 4:3 sets, and very few if any 4:3 sets could be set to play them properly either. If the discs were played on a standard 4:3 television the image would be distorted. Since very few people owned 16:9 displays, the marketability of these special discs was very limited. | Q1: What were "Squeeze LDs"?
A1: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs
Q2: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?
A2: 16:9-ratio widescreen
Q3: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?
A3: very few people owned 16:9 displays
Q4: Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted?
A4: distorted
Q5: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?
A5: 33% | Engineering and technology |
Hard_rock | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the rise of disco in the US and punk rock in the UK, hard rock's mainstream dominance was rivalled toward the later part of the decade. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Early punk bands like The Ramones explicitly rebelled against the drum solos and extended guitar solos that characterised stadium rock, with almost all of their songs clocking in around two minutes with no guitar solos. However, new rock acts continued to emerge and record sales remained high into the 1980s. 1977 saw the début and rise to stardom of Foreigner, who went on to release several platinum albums through to the mid-1980s. Midwestern groups like Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx helped further cement heavy rock in the Midwest as a form of stadium rock. In 1978, Van Halen emerged from the Los Angeles music scene with a sound based around the skills of lead guitarist Eddie Van Halen. He popularised a guitar-playing technique of two-handed hammer-ons and pull-offs called tapping, showcased on the song "Eruption" from the album Van Halen, which was highly influential in re-establishing hard rock as a popular genre after the punk and disco explosion, while also redefining and elevating the role of electric guitar. | Q1: What two genres made inroads on hard rock in the 1970s?
A1: disco in the US and punk rock in the UK
Q2: What punk band's songs rarely exceeded two minutes in length?
A2: The Ramones
Q3: What were three midwestern hard rock bands?
A3: Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx
Q4: What city was Van Halen originally from?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: Which Van Halen instrumental showcased the guitar mastery of Eddie Van Halen?
A5: "Eruption" | Music |
Pope_Paul_VI | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe. | Q1: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976?
A1: five
Q2: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?
A2: Argentina
Q3: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?
A3: Brazil
Q4: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?
A4: Roman Curia
Q5: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on?
A5: regal vestments | Philosophy and religion |
Emotion | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the two-factor theory now incorporating cognition, several theories began to argue that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts were entirely necessary for an emotion to occur. One of the main proponents of this view was Richard Lazarus who argued that emotions must have some cognitive intentionality. The cognitive activity involved in the interpretation of an emotional context may be conscious or unconscious and may or may not take the form of conceptual processing. | Q1: Who argued that emotions arise from cognitive intentionality?
A1: Richard Lazarus
Q2: Along with evaluations and thoughts, what cognitive activity did theorists believe to be required for emotion?
A2: judgments
Q3: In Lazarus' view, what could the cognitive activity be if it was not conscious?
A3: unconscious | Natural sciences |
Old_English | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I's treatise Pastoral Care, appear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great (871 to 901) chiefly inspired the growth of prose. | Q1: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?
A1: Alfred the Great
Q2: What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?
A2: Pastoral Care
Q3: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?
A3: 871
Q4: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?
A4: 9th
Q5: What dialect did Alfred's government use?
A5: West Saxon | Language and literature |
Catalan_language | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious. Starting in the 16th century, Catalan literature experienced a decline, the language came under the influence of Spanish, and the urban and literary classes became bilingual. | Q1: When were Castille and Aragon united?
A1: 1479
Q2: After 1479, what language became more valued?
A2: Spanish
Q3: When did Catalan literature begin a downward trend?
A3: 16th century
Q4: What language began to supersede Catalan?
A4: Spanish
Q5: At this time what classes became bilingual?
A5: urban and literary | Language and literature |
Melbourne | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished. | Q1: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed?
A1: public buildings
Q2: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?
A2: 1850s and 1860s
Q3: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event?
A3: gold rush | Geography and places |
IPod | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late. | Q1: What are the names of companies producing video games for Apple's MP3 player?
A1: Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft
Q2: What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod?
A2: video game handheld console market
Q3: What two publications have covered iPod games?
A3: GamePro and EGM | Engineering and technology |
John_von_Neumann | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With this contribution of von Neumann, the axiomatic system of the theory of sets became fully satisfactory, and the next question was whether or not it was also definitive, and not subject to improvement. A strongly negative answer arrived in September 1930 at the historic mathematical Congress of Königsberg, in which Kurt Gödel announced his first theorem of incompleteness: the usual axiomatic systems are incomplete, in the sense that they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language. This result was sufficiently innovative as to confound the majority of mathematicians of the time. | Q1: In 1930 who gave a strongly negative answer to Von Neuman's approach to the axiomatic system of theory of sets?
A1: Kurt Gödel
Q2: What was the central theme of Godel's announcement that the axiomatic system was not complete?
A2: they cannot prove every truth which is expressible in their language
Q3: Where was Godel's statement about axiomatic system made in 1930?
A3: Congress of Königsberg | Mathematics |
MP3 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With too low a bit rate, compression artifacts (i.e., sounds that were not present in the original recording) may be audible in the reproduction. Some audio is hard to compress because of its randomness and sharp attacks. When this type of audio is compressed, artifacts such as ringing or pre-echo are usually heard. A sample of applause compressed with a relatively low bit rate provides a good example of compression artifacts. | Q1: If the bit rate is too low, what might be audible in the reproduction?
A1: compression artifacts
Q2: Sounds that were not in the original recording are referred to as what?
A2: compression artifacts
Q3: Randomness and sharp attacks are two reasons that may make it harder to to do what to an audio file?
A3: compress
Q4: Other than pre - echo, what is another example of what can happen when audio is compressed?
A4: ringing
Q5: What kind of sample can display a good example of compression artifacts?
A5: A sample of applause | Engineering and technology |
Race_(human_categorization) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" to be "never". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that "caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes." Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, "The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our finding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population." | Q1: Randomly chosen people from different groups may be more similar to each other than with members of their own what?
A1: cluster
Q2: How many genetic markers need to be used to show people from different groups are dissimilar to each other?
A2: thousands
Q3: Studying increasing number of groups require an increasing number of what?
A3: markers
Q4: What should be used when using ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes?
A4: caution
Q5: People are more frequently similar to members of what populations?
A5: other populations | Natural sciences |
Buddhism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each realm can be understood as physical realm or a psychological state characterized by a particular type of suffering. Samsara arises out of avidya (ignorance) and is characterized by dukkha (suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction). In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path. | Q1: What is samsara?
A1: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
Q2: What is avidya?
A2: ignorance
Q3: What is dukkha?
A3: suffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction
Q4: Is liberation from samsara possible?
A4: In the Buddhist view, liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.
Q5: The cycle of birth and death is called what in Buddhism?
A5: Samsara
Q6: How many realms of existence are there in Buddhism?
A6: six
Q7: avidya is what kind of samsara?
A7: ignorance
Q8: How can you be freed from samsara?
A8: by following the Buddhist path
Q9: What is samsara defined as?
A9: the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
Q10: How many realms of existance are within the cycle of rebirths?
A10: six
Q11: Realms can be understood as physical realms of what type of states?
A11: psychological
Q12: Samsara is caused by what?
A12: avidya
Q13: A person can get away from samsara by doing what?
A13: following the Buddhist path | Philosophy and religion |
Galicia_(Spain) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within Galicia are the Autopista AP-9 from Ferrol to Vigo and the Autopista AP-53 (also known as AG-53, because it was initially built by the Xunta de Galicia) from Santiago to Ourense. Additional roads under construction include Autovía A-54 from Santiago de Compostela to Lugo, and Autovía A-56 from Lugo to Ourense. The Xunta de Galicia has built roads connecting comarcal capitals, such as the aforementioned AG-53, Autovía AG-55 connecting A Coruña to Carballo or AG-41 connecting Pontevedra to Sanxenxo. | Q1: The Autopista AP-53 was originally built by whom?
A1: Xunta de Galicia
Q2: Name another road they responsible for.
A2: AG-41 | Geography and places |
London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within London, both the City of London and the City of Westminster have city status and both the City of London and the remainder of Greater London are counties for the purposes of lieutenancies. The area of Greater London has incorporated areas that were once part of the historic counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire. London's status as the capital of England, and later the United Kingdom, has never been granted or confirmed officially—by statute or in written form.[note 6] | Q1: What title regarding London has never been made official in law or by decree?
A1: London's status as the capital of England
Q2: What areas within Greater London have city status?
A2: the City of London and the City of Westminster
Q3: For what reason are the City of London and Greater London considered to be counties?
A3: for the purposes of lieutenancies | Geography and places |
Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (literal meaning 'path'; extended meaning 'sect') within Shia Islam. Each Shia tariqah followed its own particular Imam's dynasty, thus resulting in different numbers of Imams for each particular Shia tariqah. When the dynastic line of the separating successor Imam ended with no heir to succeed him, then either he (the last Imam) or his unborn successor was believed to have gone into concealment, that is, The Occultation. | Q1: Why did different sects come about within Shiism?
A1: they differed over their Imams' successions
Q2: What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad?
A2: Shia - Sunni
Q3: What is the literal meaning of tariqah?
A3: path
Q4: What does each Shia tariqah follow?
A4: its own particular Imam's dynasty
Q5: What is it called when the last Imam or his unborn successor goes into concealment?
A5: The Occultation | Philosophy and religion |
John,_King_of_England | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within a few months of John's return, rebel barons in the north and east of England were organising resistance to his rule. John held a council in London in January 1215 to discuss potential reforms and sponsored discussions in Oxford between his agents and the rebels during the spring. John appears to have been playing for time until Pope Innocent III could send letters giving him explicit papal support. This was particularly important for John, as a way of pressuring the barons but also as a way of controlling Stephen Langton, the Archbishop of Canterbury. In the meantime, John began to recruit fresh mercenary forces from Poitou, although some were later sent back to avoid giving the impression that the king was escalating the conflict. John announced his intent to become a crusader, a move which gave him additional political protection under church law. | Q1: Where did John hold a council in January 1215?
A1: London
Q2: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?
A2: Poitou
Q3: John announced his intent to become what?
A3: a crusader | History |
Bird_migration | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | Q1: Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier?
A1: Female
Q2: Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?
A2: Eastern Fennoscandia
Q3: When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate?
A3: autumn | Natural sciences |
Bird_migration | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migratory and will often winter at lower latitude. The migrating birds bypass the latitudes where other populations may be sedentary, where suitable wintering habitats may already be occupied. This is an example of leap-frog migration. Many fully migratory species show leap-frog migration (birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes), and many show the alternative, chain migration, where populations 'slide' more evenly north and south without reversing order. | Q1: What is partial migration?
A1: not all populations may be migratory
Q2: Where is partial migration most common?
A2: the southern continents
Q3: In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory?
A3: 44%
Q4: In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory?
A4: 32%
Q5: What is leap frog migration?
A5: birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes | Natural sciences |
Computer_security | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability-based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem. It has also been shown that the promise of ACLs of giving access to an object to only one person can never be guaranteed in practice. Both of these problems are resolved by capabilities. This does not mean practical flaws exist in all ACL-based systems, but only that the designers of certain utilities must take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws.[citation needed] | Q1: What does ACL stand for?
A1: access control lists
Q2: ACLs and capability based security are two security models capable of what?
A2: enforcing privilege separation
Q3: A host computer tricked into indirectly allowing access to restricted files is known as what?
A3: the confused deputy problem
Q4: The confused deputy problem and the problem of not guaranteeing only one person has access are resolved by what?
A4: capabilities
Q5: What must designers of systems that are ACL based do?
A5: take responsibility to ensure that they do not introduce flaws | Engineering and technology |
Armenia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts. | Q1: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?
A1: 915
Q2: How many districts does Yerevan have?
A2: twelve
Q3: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker?
A3: rural
Q4: What is the Armenian term for settlment?
A4: bnakavayr | History |
The_Blitz | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. From 15 May 1940 – the day after the Luftwaffe destroyed the centre of Rotterdam – the RAF also carried out operations east of the Rhine, attacking industrial and transportation targets. Operations were carried out every night thereafter. | Q1: Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939?
A1: UK and France
Q2: The RAF bombed what Germany coast?
A2: Wilhelmshaven
Q3: What kind of leaflets were dropped?
A3: propaganda
Q4: What were the RAF operations trying to lessen?
A4: civilian casualties
Q5: What year did the Luftwaffe destroy Rotterdam center?
A5: 1940 | History |
Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months later he fell ill, and he spent over a month in recovery at the Augusta National Golf Club. He returned to his post in New York in mid-May, and in July 1949 took a two-month vacation out-of-state. Because the American Assembly had begun to take shape, he traveled around the country during mid-to-late 1950, building financial support from Columbia Associates, an alumni association. | Q1: What position was held by James Forrestal?
A1: Secretary of Defense
Q2: What position did Eisenhower informally hold?
A2: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Q3: After becoming sick, where did Eisenhower recover?
A3: Augusta National Golf Club
Q4: What was the name of Columbia University's alumni association?
A4: Columbia Associates
Q5: When did Eisenhower vacation for two months outside New York?
A5: July 1949 | History |
Heresy | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within six years of the official criminalization of heresy by the Emperor, the first Christian heretic to be executed, Priscillian, was condemned in 386 by Roman secular officials for sorcery, and put to death with four or five followers. However, his accusers were excommunicated both by Ambrose of Milan and Pope Siricius, who opposed Priscillian's heresy, but "believed capital punishment to be inappropriate at best and usually unequivocally evil". For some years after the Reformation, Protestant churches were also known to execute those they considered heretics, including Catholics. The last known heretic executed by sentence of the Roman Catholic Church was Spanish schoolmaster Cayetano Ripoll in 1826. The number of people executed as heretics under the authority of the various "ecclesiastical authorities"[note 1] is not known.[note 2] One of the first examples of the word as translated from the Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter was" they will cleave to the name of a dead man thinking that they will become pure. But they will become greatly defiled and they will fall into the name of error and into the hands of an evil cunning man and a manifold dogma, and they will be ruled heretically". | Q1: Who was the first Christian individual to be sentenced to death by the church for heresy in Rome?
A1: Priscillian
Q2: What happened to the people that sentenced Priscillian to death?
A2: excommunicated
Q3: What religion is an example of Protestants killing for conviction of heresy after the Reformation?
A3: Catholics
Q4: Who was the last known person to be sentenced to death for the crime of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church?
A4: Cayetano Ripoll
Q5: From what passage is cited as being one of the first known examples of using the word heresy?
A5: Nag Hammadi's Apocalypse of Peter | Philosophy and religion |
East_India_Company | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the Army, British officers who initially trained at the company's own academy at the Addiscombe Military Seminary, always outranked Indians, no matter how long their service. The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Rissaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior subaltern equivalent. Promotion for both British and Indian soldiers was strictly by seniority, so Indian soldiers rarely reached the commissioned ranks of Jamadar or Subadar before they were middle aged at best. They received no training in administration or leadership to make them independent of their British officers. | Q1: What was the name of EIC military company?
A1: Addiscombe Military Seminary
Q2: what was the highest rank an Indian could be in the EIC army
A2: Subadar-Major
Q3: While in EIC army the British officer outrank the indian officer they both promoted based on?
A3: seniority | History |
London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the City of Westminster in London the entertainment district of the West End has its focus around Leicester Square, where London and world film premieres are held, and Piccadilly Circus, with its giant electronic advertisements. London's theatre district is here, as are many cinemas, bars, clubs and restaurants, including the city's Chinatown district (in Soho), and just to the east is Covent Garden, an area housing speciality shops. The city is the home of Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have dominated the West End theatre since the late 20th century. The United Kingdom's Royal Ballet, English National Ballet, Royal Opera and English National Opera are based in London and perform at the Royal Opera House, the London Coliseum, Sadler's Wells Theatre and the Royal Albert Hall as well as touring the country. | Q1: What is the entertainment center of London known as?
A1: the West End
Q2: What is a prominent feature of Picadilly Circus?
A2: giant electronic advertisements
Q3: London's Chinatown district is located in what area?
A3: Soho
Q4: Where is London's West End located geographically?
A4: the City of Westminster
Q5: What prolific composer and producer of musicals has been a major force in the West End theater district?
A5: Andrew Lloyd Webber | Geography and places |
Dutch_language | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the Indo-European language tree, Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages, which means it shares a common ancestor with languages such as English, German, and Scandinavian languages. All Germanic languages are united by subjection to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law which originated in the Proto-Germanic language and define the basic differentiating features from other Indo-European languages. This assumed to have originated in approximately the mid-first millennium BCE in Iron Age northern Europe. | Q1: Which language tree groups Dutch with English?
A1: Indo-European
Q2: What group of languages have to comply with Grimm's law?
A2: Germanic
Q3: In what age did the sound patterns that distinguish Germanic languages develop?
A3: Iron Age
Q4: Along with Grimm's law, what's the other rule for Germanic-sounding speech called?
A4: Verner's law
Q5: What does a language need to share with the group in order to be classified as Germanic?
A5: common ancestor | Language and literature |
The_Blitz | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the Luftwaffe, there was a more muted view of strategic bombing. The OKL did not oppose the strategic bombardment of enemy industries and or cities, and believed it could greatly affect the balance of power on the battlefield in Germany's favour by disrupting production and damaging civilian morale, but they did not believe that air power alone could be decisive. Contrary to popular belief, the Luftwaffe did not have a systematic policy of what became known as "terror bombing". Evidence suggests that the Luftwaffe did not adopt an official bombing policy in which civilians became the primary target until 1942. | Q1: Who believe air power alone would not be decisive?
A1: Luftwaffe
Q2: What was the name of the Luftwaffe's bombing raids?
A2: terror bombing
Q3: What year did the terror bombing policy become official?
A3: 1942 | History |
Detroit | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Harper University Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Kresge Eye Institute, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute. The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit. The center is staffed by physicians from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the United States' fourth largest medical school overall. | Q1: How many major hospitals are in Detroit?
A1: over a dozen
Q2: What is the Detroit VA hospital called?
A2: John D. Dingell
Q3: How many affiliated physicians does the DMC have?
A3: 3,000
Q4: How many beds does the DMC have?
A4: 2,000
Q5: Who is the largest private employer in Detroit?
A5: DMC | Geography and places |
Cork_(city) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line, mainly because of objections from cab operators to the type of tracks which – although they were laid to the Irish national railway gauge of 5 ft 3in – protruded from the road surface.[citation needed] | Q1: How many tram systems were in Cork?
A1: two
Q2: Who wanted to develop a horse drawn tram system?
A2: George Francis Train
Q3: When did the Cork Tramway Company start a horse driven tram system?
A3: 1872
Q4: Why did the Cork Tramway Company stop operations?
A4: Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line
Q5: Why did the cab operators not like the tracks?
A5: protruded from the road surface | History |
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still execute people. Among them, Alabama has the highest per capita rate of death sentences. This is due to judges overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty. No other states allow this. | Q1: In the United States, how many murders are there for each execution?
A1: 700
Q2: How many murder convictions occur in the US per execution?
A2: 325
Q3: How many states in the US have the death penalty?
A3: 32
Q4: What state has the highest rate of death sentences per person?
A4: Alabama
Q5: What does Alabama law allow judges to do that isn't allowed in other states?
A5: overriding life imprisonment sentences and imposing the death penalty | History |
Armenians | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the diasporan Armenian community, there is an unofficial classification of the different kinds of Armenians. For example, Armenians who originate from Iran are referred to as Parskahay (Պարսկահայ), while Armenians from Lebanon are usually referred to as Lipananahay (Լիբանանահայ). Armenians of the Diaspora are the primary speakers of the Western dialect of the Armenian language. This dialect has considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other. Eastern Armenian in the diaspora is primarily spoken in Iran and European countries such as Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia (where they form a majority in the Samtskhe-Javakheti province). In diverse communities (such as in Canada and the U.S.) where many different kinds of Armenians live together, there is a tendency for the different groups to cluster together. | Q1: What are Parskahay?
A1: Armenians who originate from Iran
Q2: What are Lipananahay?
A2: Armenians from Lebanon
Q3: What dialect do most Diaspora Armenians speak?
A3: Western
Q4: How similar is Western Armenian to Eastern Armenian dialect?
A4: considerable differences with Eastern Armenian, but speakers of either of the two variations can usually understand each other
Q5: What type of Armenian is spoken by Armenians in Iran and Russia?
A5: Eastern | Geography and places |
Adolescence | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the past ten years, the amount of social networking sites available to the public has greatly increased as well as the number of adolescents using them. Several sources report a high proportion of adolescents who use social media: 73% of 12–17 year olds reported having at least one social networking profile; two-thirds (68%) of teens text every day, half (51%) visit social networking sites daily, and 11% send or receive tweets at least once every day. In fact, more than a third (34%) of teens visit their main social networking site several times a day. One in four (23%) teens are "heavy" social media users, meaning they use at least two different types of social media each and every day. | Q1: In recent years, has the amount of social networking sites available to the public increased or decreased?
A1: greatly increased
Q2: What percentage of 12-17 year olds claim to have at least one social networking profile?
A2: 73%
Q3: What percentage of teens say they text every day?
A3: 68%
Q4: What percentage of teens report visiting social netorking sites daily?
A4: 51%
Q5: What ratio of teens are "heavy" social media users, using two types of media daily?
A5: One in four (23%) | Natural sciences |
Portugal | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ (Portuguese: Cinco Chagas) when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique". The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (25 July 1139), an old hermit appeared before Count Afonso Henriques (future Afonso I) as a divine messenger. He foretold Afonso's victory and assured him that God was watching over him and his peers. The messenger advised him to walk away from his camp, alone, if he heard a nearby chapel bell tolling, in the following night. In doing so, he witnessed an apparition of Jesus on the cross. Ecstatic, Afonso heard Jesus promising victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso, and his descendants, in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands, thus choosing the Portuguese to perform great tasks. | Q1: On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?
A1: 25 July 1139
Q2: Afonso heard Jesus promising what?
A2: victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso
Q3: Why did God want to act through Afonso?
A3: in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands | Geography and places |
Jews | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Within the world's Jewish population there are distinct ethnic divisions, most of which are primarily the result of geographic branching from an originating Israelite population, and subsequent independent evolutions. An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another, resulting in effective and often long-term isolation. During the millennia of the Jewish diaspora the communities would develop under the influence of their local environments: political, cultural, natural, and populational. Today, manifestations of these differences among the Jews can be observed in Jewish cultural expressions of each community, including Jewish linguistic diversity, culinary preferences, liturgical practices, religious interpretations, as well as degrees and sources of genetic admixture. | Q1: What resulted in effective and long-term isolation of Jewish communities?
A1: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another
Q2: Name one way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?
A2: religious interpretations
Q3: Name another way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?
A3: culinary preferences | History |
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge. During Christ's millennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium. | Q1: Jehovah Witnesses believe who will go to heaven?
A1: a "little flock"
Q2: Where will God resurrected the "other sheep" after Armageddon?
A2: a cleansed earth
Q3: Jehovah Witnesses interrupted Revelation 14:1-5 to limit heaven goers to exactly what number?
A3: 144,000
Q4: Who is the final Judge of whether Jehovah Witnesses get to survive Armageddon?
A4: God
Q5: What will people need to study for during Christ's millennial reign?
A5: their final test at the end of the millennium | Philosophy and religion |
Dog | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wolves, and their dog descendants, would have derived significant benefits from living in human camps—more safety, more reliable food, lesser caloric needs, and more chance to breed. They would have benefited from humans' upright gait that gives them larger range over which to see potential predators and prey, as well as color vision that, at least by day, gives humans better visual discrimination. Camp dogs would also have benefited from human tool use, as in bringing down larger prey and controlling fire for a range of purposes. | Q1: What would wolves have gotten from living with humans?
A1: significant benefits | Natural sciences |
Dominican_Order | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Women could not be professed to the Dominican religious life before the age of thirteen. The formula for profession contained in the Constitutions of Montargis Priory (1250) demands that nuns pledge obedience to God, the Blessed Virgin, their prioress and her successors according to the Rule of St. Augustine and the institute of the order, until death. The clothing of the sisters consisted of a white tunic and scapular, a leather belt, a black mantle, and a black veil. Candidates to profession were tested to reveal whether they were actually married women who had merely separated from their husbands. Their intellectual abilities were also tested. Nuns were to be silent in places of prayer, the cloister, the dormitory, and refectory. Silence was maintained unless the prioress granted an exception for a specific cause. Speaking was allowed in the common parlor, but it was subordinate to strict rules, and the prioress, subprioress or other senior nun had to be present. | Q1: After what age could women become members of the Dominican Order?
A1: thirteen
Q2: What type of veil must the sisters wear?
A2: black
Q3: The formula for profession into the Dominican Order is presented in what text?
A3: the Constitutions of Montargis Priory
Q4: What were the nuns allowed to minimally do?
A4: Speak
Q5: What were the nuns tested on?
A5: intellectual abilities | Philosophy and religion |
Middle_Ages | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant women were usually responsible for taking care of the household, child-care, as well as gardening and animal husbandry near the house. They could supplement the household income by spinning or brewing at home. At harvest-time, they were also expected to help with field-work. Townswomen, like peasant women, were responsible for the household, and could also engage in trade. What trades were open to women varied by country and period. Noblewomen were responsible for running a household, and could occasionally be expected to handle estates in the absence of male relatives, but they were usually restricted from participation in military or government affairs. The only role open to women in the Church was that of nuns, as they were unable to become priests. | Q1: Along with gardening, animal husbandry and child-care, what work did medieval peasant women do?
A1: taking care of the household
Q2: Along with spinning, what income-producing work did peasant women engage in?
A2: brewing
Q3: What did peasant women do when it was time for the harvest?
A3: help with field-work
Q4: What role did women fill in the Church?
A4: nuns | History |
Han_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Women were expected to obey the will of their father, then their husband, and then their adult son in old age. However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their fathers and brothers. Women were exempt from the annual corvée labor duties, but often engaged in a range of income-earning occupations aside from their domestic chores of cooking and cleaning. | Q1: Which gender was exempt from performing the yearly corvee labor duties?
A1: Women
Q2: What emotional state would empresses commonly place their immediate family members in?
A2: openly humiliated
Q3: What type of occupation did women commonly take part in?
A3: income-earning
Q4: Who were women obligated to obey in their old age?
A4: their adult son
Q5: Which parental figures often avoided the common familial rules?
A5: mothers | History |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood density is determined by multiple growth and physiological factors compounded into “one fairly easily measured wood characteristic” (Elliott 1970). | Q1: Along with growth, what kind of factors determine the density of wood?
A1: physiological
Q2: Into how many characteristics are the factors of wood combined?
A2: one
Q3: What author called wood's density "fairly easily measured"?
A3: Elliott | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in rural areas of the world. Hardwood is preferred over softwood because it creates less smoke and burns longer. Adding a woodstove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add ambiance and warmth. | Q1: What type of wood is preferred as fuel?
A1: Hardwood
Q2: What type of wood burns quickly and makes more smoke than hardwood?
A2: softwood
Q3: What type of areas use more wood for fuel?
A3: rural
Q4: What benefit besides the cozy atmosphere would a wood-burning fireplace add to a home?
A4: warmth | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon. | Q1: What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs?
A1: furniture
Q2: What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?
A2: wooden spoon
Q3: Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood?
A3: handles
Q4: What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood?
A4: beds
Q5: What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout?
A5: chopsticks | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing). | Q1: What wood is decay-resistant when wet?
A1: Elm
Q2: What plumbing component was once made out of elm?
A2: water pipe
Q3: Until the late 19th century, what vessels were almost always wooden?
A3: boats
Q4: What significant purpose has wood been used for as long as humans have built shelters?
A4: construction material
Q5: Other than boats, what do people often build with wood?
A5: houses | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. It is also used in woodcut printmaking, and for engraving. | Q1: Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries?
A1: carvings
Q2: What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers?
A2: totem poles
Q3: What type of tree was often used for totem poles?
A3: Western Red Cedar
Q4: What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?
A4: Edinburgh
Q5: What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?
A5: National Museum of Scotland | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic material. It consists of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-fibrils of cellulose (40% – 50%) and hemicellulose (15% – 25%) impregnated with lignin (15% – 30%). | Q1: Along with hygroscopic, cellular, and anisotropic, how is the material of wood described?
A1: heterogeneous
Q2: What does wood consist of?
A2: cells
Q3: What part of wood's cells are composed of cellulose and hemicellulose?
A3: walls
Q4: What makes up 40-50% of the cell walls in wood?
A4: cellulose
Q5: What substance is hemicellulose impregnated with?
A5: lignin | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted pine, and Douglas fir. | Q1: What term is used in North America for wood used in construction?
A1: lumber
Q2: Outside of North America, if someone said "lumber," to what would they be referring?
A2: felled trees
Q3: What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building?
A3: timber
Q4: What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe?
A4: oak
Q5: For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar?
A5: Douglas fir | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials. Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring, for example laminate flooring. | Q1: What material results from chemically breaking down wood?
A1: cellulose
Q2: What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard?
A2: MDF
Q3: How is wood broken down into chips and fibers?
A3: mechanically
Q4: What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?
A4: laminate
Q5: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?
A5: paper | Natural sciences |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wood, in the strict sense, is yielded by trees, which increase in diameter by the formation, between the existing wood and the inner bark, of new woody layers which envelop the entire stem, living branches, and roots. This process is known as secondary growth; it is the result of cell division in the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem, and subsequent expansion of the new cells. Where there are clear seasons, growth can occur in a discrete annual or seasonal pattern, leading to growth rings; these can usually be most clearly seen on the end of a log, but are also visible on the other surfaces. If these seasons are annual these growth rings are referred to as annual rings. Where there is no seasonal difference growth rings are likely to be indistinct or absent. | Q1: Where does wood come from?
A1: trees
Q2: What forms in a tree to increase its diameter?
A2: woody layers
Q3: What is the process of trees growing out to get bigger around called?
A3: secondary growth
Q4: What do many places have four of that would cause growth rings in a tree?
A4: seasons
Q5: If a place has annual seasons, what are the growth rings on the trees there called?
A5: annual rings | Natural sciences |
Child_labour | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Work is undertaken from an early age by vast numbers of children in the world and may have a natural place in growing up. Work can contribute to the well-being of children in a variety of ways; children often choose to work to improve their lives, both in the short- and long-term. At the material level, children’s work often contributes to producing food or earning income that benefits themselves and their families; and such income is especially important when the families are poor. Work can provide an escape from debilitating poverty, sometimes by allowing a young person to move away from an impoverished environment. Young people often enjoy their work, especially paid work, or when work involves the company of peers. Even when work is intensive and enforced, children often find ways to combine their work with play. | Q1: What is a natural process of child development?
A1: Work
Q2: What is an escape for the young that live in poverty?
A2: Work
Q3: What are children able to do during intense work situations?
A3: children often find ways to combine their work with play | Social sciences and society |
Near_East | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Working closely in conjunction with the definition of the Near East provided by the State Department is the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA), an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense. It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops for government officials and military officers who will work or are working within its region. As the name indicates, that region is a combination of State Department regions; however, NESA is careful to identify the State Department region. As its Near East is not different from the State Department's it does not appear in the table. Its name, however, is not entirely accurate. For example, its region includes Mauritania, a member of the State Department's Africa (Sub-Sahara). | Q1: Who works closely with the definition of the Near East?
A1: the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA)
Q2: What is NESA?
A2: an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense
Q3: What does NESA Teach?
A3: It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops | Geography and places |