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Madonna_(entertainer) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Working with photographer Steven Klein, Madonna completed a 17-minute film called secretprojectrevolution. The BitTorrent company was selected by Madonna to release the film as part of a Madonna bundle. It was released on September 24, 2013, and consisted of the 17-minute film, its stills, a Vice interview, and a message from Madonna. With the film she launched the Art for Freedom initiative, which helped to promote "art and free speech as a means to address persecution and injustice across the globe". The website for the project has had over 3,000 art related submissions since its inception, with Madonna regularly monitoring and enlisting the help of other artists like David Blaine and Katy Perry as guest curators. | Q1: What was the name of the 17 minute film called?
A1: secretprojectrevolution
Q2: Which company was selected to release the film?
A2: The BitTorrent company
Q3: When was secretprojectrevolution released?
A3: September 24, 2013
Q4: What initiative did Madonna launched with her film?
A4: Art for Freedom
Q5: How many submissions does the initiative have?
A5: over 3,000 | Music |
Classical_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Works of classical repertoire often exhibit complexity in their use of orchestration, counterpoint, harmony, musical development, rhythm, phrasing, texture, and form. Whereas most popular styles are usually written in song forms, classical music is noted for its development of highly sophisticated musical forms, like the concerto, symphony, sonata, and opera. | Q1: Works of classical repertoire exhibit what in their use of orchestration and harmony, and form?
A1: complexity
Q2: What is usually written in song forms?
A2: popular styles
Q3: The concerto, symphony, sonata and opera are examples of what type of musical forms?
A3: sophisticated | Music |
Frédéric_Chopin | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Works published since 1857 have received alternative catalogue designations instead of opus numbers. The present standard musicological reference for Chopin's works is the Kobylańska Catalogue (usually represented by the initials 'KK'), named for its compiler, the Polish musicologist Krystyna Kobylańska. | Q1: The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?
A1: Krystyna Kobylańska
Q2: Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?
A2: 1857
Q3: What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?
A3: alternative catalogue designations
Q4: What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?
A4: the Kobylańska Catalogue
Q5: What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue?
A5: KK
Q6: Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?
A6: Krystyna Kobylańska. | Music |
Montevideo | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World Trade Center Montevideo officially opened in 1998, although work is still ongoing as of 2010[update]. The complex is composed of three towers, two three-story buildings called World Trade Center Plaza and World Trade Center Avenue and a large central square called Towers Square. World Trade Center 1 was the first building to be inaugurated, in 1998.[citation needed] It has 22 floors and 17,100 square metres of space. That same year the avenue and the auditorium were raised. World Trade Center 2 was inaugurated in 2002, a twin tower of World Trade Center 1. Finally, in 2009, World Trade Center 3 and the World Trade Center Plaza and the Towers Square were inaugurated. It is located between the avenues Luis Alberto de Herrera and 26 de Marzo and has 19 floors and 27,000 square metres (290,000 sq ft) of space. The 6,300-square-metre (68,000 sq ft)[citation needed] World Trade Center Plaza is designed to be a centre of gastronomy opposite Towers Square and Bonavita St. Among the establishments on the plaza are Burger King, Walrus, Bamboo, Asia de Cuba, Gardenia Mvd, and La Claraboya Cafe. | Q1: When did World Trade Center Montevideo officially open?
A1: 1998
Q2: What was the first building to be inaugurated?
A2: World Trade Center 1
Q3: When was World Trade Center 2 inaugurated?
A3: 2002
Q4: When was World Trade Center 3 inaugurated?
A4: 2009 | Geography and places |
Anti-aircraft_warfare | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particularly influenced the British and was one of if not the main driver for forming an independent air force. As the capabilities of aircraft and their engines improved it was clear that their role in future war would be even more critical as their range and weapon load grew. However, in the years immediately after World War I the prospect of another major war seemed remote, particularly in Europe where the most militarily capable nations were, and little financing was available. | Q1: What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield?
A1: World War I
Q2: In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks?
A2: Gotha G.V bombers
Q3: The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what?
A3: an independent air force
Q4: The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas?
A4: their range and weapon load
Q5: Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?
A5: Europe | Warfare |
Political_philosophy | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburgism (gradually) - on the world stage. At the same time, social democratic parties won elections and formed governments for the first time, often as a result of the introduction of universal suffrage. However, a group of central European economists led by Austrian School economists Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek identified the collectivist underpinnings to the various new socialist and fascist doctrines of government power as being different brands of political totalitarianism. | Q1: What was a watershed event in human history?
A1: World War I
Q2: When was The Russian Revolution?
A2: 1917
Q3: What brought communism?
A3: The Russian Revolution of 1917
Q4: What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run?
A4: a group of central European economists | History |
Economy_of_Greece | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015. | Q1: What years of economic growth was called Greece's economic miracle?
A1: 1950 to 1980
Q2: From what year was Greece's levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average?
A2: 2000
Q3: What was the GDP growth rate of Greece in 2013?
A3: −3.2%
Q4: How much public debt did Greece have in 2011?
A4: €356 billion
Q5: What year did Greece fall back into recession?
A5: 2015 | Geography and places |
Military_history_of_the_United_States | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation." Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war. The U.S. emerged as one of the two undisputed superpowers along with the Soviet Union, and unlike the Soviet Union, the U.S. homeland was virtually untouched by the ravages of war. During and following World War II, the United States and Britain developed an increasingly strong defense and intelligence relationship. Manifestations of this include extensive basing of U.S. forces in the UK, shared intelligence, shared military technology (e.g. nuclear technology), and shared procurement. | Q1: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?
A1: Over 16 million
Q2: How many American service personnel died in World War II?
A2: 400,000
Q3: What other country besides the United States became a super power after World War II?
A3: the Soviet Union
Q4: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?
A4: the Greatest Generation
Q5: Both during and after the conclusion of World War II, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?
A5: Britain | History |
Protestantism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World literature was enriched by the works of Edmund Spenser, John Milton, John Bunyan, John Donne, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, William Wordsworth, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edgar Allan Poe, Matthew Arnold, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Theodor Fontane, Washington Irving, Robert Browning, Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë, Charles Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Galsworthy, Thomas Mann, William Faulkner, John Updike, and many others. | Q1: What did John Milton do for world literature?
A1: enrich
Q2: Samuel Taylor is listed as enriching what?
A2: World literature
Q3: What women writers were listed as contributors to world literature?
A3: Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë
Q4: Edgar Allen Poe added value to literature in what area?
A4: World | Philosophy and religion |
Poultry | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, followed by other EU nations (3%) and North America (1.7%). China was also by far the largest producer of goose and guinea fowl meat, with a 94% share of the 2.6 million tonne global market. | Q1: How many ducks did China produce for consumption in 2011?
A1: China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds
Q2: What other countries are important to the duck husbandry business?
A2: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total)
Q3: Who is the largest producer of duck meat among the western nations?
A3: France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West,
Q4: What is the market percentage held by the country that controls the biggest share of the global market for goose and guinea fowl meat
A4: 94% share | Natural sciences |
Valencia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway and restaurants. Calatrava is also responsible for the bridge named after him in the centre of the city. The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) is another noteworthy example of modern architecture in Valencia. | Q1: Who designed the City of Arts and Sciences?
A1: Santiago Calatrava
Q2: Where is the bridge named for Calatrava located?
A2: centre of the city
Q3: What type of architecture does the Music Palace have?
A3: modern
Q4: Which of Calatrava's creations contains an IMAX theater?
A4: City of Arts and Sciences | Geography and places |
Paper | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the most controversial issues. | Q1: In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen?
A1: 400%
Q2: What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper?
A2: 35%
Q3: What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests?
A3: plant trees
Q4: What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees?
A4: 10% | Natural sciences |
Modern_history | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries. It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall. | Q1: What changed worldwide property drasrically?
A1: the onset of the Great Depression
Q2: In what year did The wall Street crash occur?
A2: 1929
Q3: What is the Great Depression?
A3: a worldwide economic downturn
Q4: When did the great Depression end?
A4: 1930s or early 1940s
Q5: The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century?
A5: 20th century | Philosophy and religion |
Renewable_energy_commercialization | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Worldwide use of solar power and wind power continued to grow significantly in 2012. Solar electricity consumption increased by 58 percent, to 93 terawatt-hours (TWh). Use of wind power in 2012 increased by 18.1 percent, to 521.3 TWh. Global solar and wind energy installed capacities continued to expand even though new investments in these technologies declined during 2012. Worldwide investment in solar power in 2012 was $140.4 billion, an 11 percent decline from 2011, and wind power investment was down 10.1 percent, to $80.3 billion. But due to lower production costs for both technologies, total installed capacities grew sharply. This investment decline, but growth in installed capacity, may again occur in 2013. Analysts expect the market to triple by 2030. In 2015, investment in renewables exceeded fossils. | Q1: In 2012, solar electricity consumption increased by what percentage?
A1: 58 percent
Q2: Use of wind power in 2012 increased by what percentage?
A2: 18.1 percent
Q3: How much was the worldwide investment in solar power in 2012?
A3: $140.4 billion
Q4: Analysts expect the market to triple by what year?
A4: 2030
Q5: In what year did investment in renewables exceed fossils?
A5: 2015 | Engineering and technology |
Poultry | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry, with over 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs. Traditionally, such birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night. This is still the case in developing countries, where the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry. However, rising world populations and urbanization have led to the bulk of production being in larger, more intensive specialist units. These are often situated close to where the feed is grown or near to where the meat is needed, and result in cheap, safe food being made available for urban communities. Profitability of production depends very much on the price of feed, which has been rising. High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production. | Q1: What is the most popular type of poulty that is farmed?
A1: Worldwide, more chickens are kept than any other type of poultry
Q2: How many birds are routinely raised in the world for the consumption process?
A2: 50 billion birds being raised each year as a source of meat and eggs.
Q3: How is the cost of the price for animal feed related to the poulty cost for consumers?
A3: High feed costs could limit further development of poultry production
Q4: Before industrialization how were chickens normally cared for?
A4: birds would have been kept extensively in small flocks, foraging during the day and housed at night.
Q5: What is the major significance of chickens to women in underdeveloped countries?
A5: the women often make important contributions to family livelihoods through keeping poultry | Natural sciences |
Infection | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with the host. An example of the former is the anaerobic bacteria species, which colonizes the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter is various species of staphylococcus that exist on human skin. Neither of these colonizations are considered infections. The difference between an infection and a colonization is often only a matter of circumstance. Non-pathogenic organisms can become pathogenic given specific conditions, and even the most virulent organism requires certain circumstances to cause a compromising infection. Some colonizing bacteria, such as Corynebacteria sp. and viridans streptococci, prevent the adhesion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria and thus have a symbiotic relationship with the host, preventing infection and speeding wound healing. | Q1: What does wound colonization refer to?
A1: nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound
Q2: What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?
A2: replicating
Q3: What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?
A3: extrinsic organisms
Q4: What species colonizes the mammalian colon?
A4: anaerobic bacteria
Q5: What's the difference between an infection and a colonization?
A5: only a matter of circumstance | Natural sciences |
Paper | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", or rough and feathery borders. | Q1: What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit?
A1: Laidlines
Q2: What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould?
A2: Laidlines
Q3: What runs perpendicular to the laidlines?
A3: chainlines
Q4: Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines?
A4: Laidlines | Natural sciences |
Race_(human_categorization) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wright himself believed that values >0.25 represent very great genetic variation and that an FST of 0.15–0.25 represented great variation. However, about 5% of human variation occurs between populations within continents, therefore FST values between continental groups of humans (or races) of as low as 0.1 (or possibly lower) have been found in some studies, suggesting more moderate levels of genetic variation. Graves (1996) has countered that FST should not be used as a marker of subspecies status, as the statistic is used to measure the degree of differentiation between populations, although see also Wright (1978). | Q1: FST values greater than .25 represent very great what?
A1: genetic variation
Q2: About how much human variation occurs between continental populations?
A2: 5%
Q3: FST values as low as what amount have been found in some studies?
A3: 0.1
Q4: What is the name of the person who thinks FST shouldn't be used as a marker of subspecies status?
A4: Graves
Q5: FST is used to measure the degree of differentiation between what?
A5: populations | Natural sciences |
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Writing about Lee's style and use of humor in a tragic story, scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin states: "Laughter ... [exposes] the gangrene under the beautiful surface but also by demeaning it; one can hardly ... be controlled by what one is able to laugh at." Scout's precocious observations about her neighbors and behavior inspire National Endowment of the Arts director David Kipen to call her "hysterically funny". To address complex issues, however, Tavernier-Courbin notes that Lee uses parody, satire, and irony effectively by using a child's perspective. After Dill promises to marry her, then spends too much time with Jem, Scout reasons the best way to get him to pay attention to her is to beat him up, which she does several times. Scout's first day in school is a satirical treatment of education; her teacher says she must undo the damage Atticus has wrought in teaching her to read and write, and forbids Atticus from teaching her further. Lee treats the most unfunny situations with irony, however, as Jem and Scout try to understand how Maycomb embraces racism and still tries sincerely to remain a decent society. Satire and irony are used to such an extent that Tavernier-Courbin suggests one interpretation for the book's title: Lee is doing the mocking—of education, the justice system, and her own society by using them as subjects of her humorous disapproval. | Q1: What two forms of humor are most found in To Kill a Mockingbird?
A1: Satire and irony
Q2: Lee uses which writing styles to express humor in a tragic story?
A2: parody, satire, and irony | Language and literature |
Genocide | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. Jonassohn and Björnson go on to say that none of these alternative definitions have gained widespread support for various reasons. | Q1: In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise?
A1: a diplomatic compromise
Q2: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?
A2: a research tool
Q3: What does the treaty possess that others lack?
A3: international legal credibility
Q4: The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what?
A4: alternative definitions | History |
Edmund_Burke | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as they affect Asia; or of Jacobinism, as they affect all Europe, and the state of human society itself. The last is the greatest evil". By March 1796, however Burke had changed his mind: "Our Government and our Laws are beset by two different Enemies, which are sapping its foundations, Indianism, and Jacobinism. In some Cases they act separately, in some they act in conjunction: But of this I am sure; that the first is the worst by far, and the hardest to deal with; and for this amongst other reasons, that it weakens discredits, and ruins that force, which ought to be employed with the greatest Credit and Energy against the other; and that it furnishes Jacobinism with its strongest arms against all formal Government". | Q1: Whose ascendancy did Burke think was malignant?
A1: Protestant
Q2: What did Burke call corporate tyranny in India?
A2: Indianism
Q3: Which continent did Jacobinism affect?
A3: Europe
Q4: When did Burke decide Indianism was the worst threat?
A4: March 1796
Q5: What did Burke think was the worst threat in 1795?
A5: Jacobinism | History |
Estonian_language | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ancient culture of the Estonians and their era of freedom before the conquests by Danes and Germans in the 13th century. | Q1: What Age's ideas allowed Estonian writings to gain significance?
A1: Age of Enlightenment
Q2: Who thought their future would be fused with Estonians?
A2: Baltic Germans
Q3: Who had admiration for the ancient Estonian culture?
A3: Estophile educated class
Q4: Who conquered the ancient Estonians?
A4: Danes and Germans
Q5: When did the ancient Estonian era of freedom come to an end?
A5: 13th century | Language and literature |
Chinese_characters | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Written Japanese also includes a pair of syllabaries known as kana, derived by simplifying Chinese characters selected to represent syllables of Japanese. The syllabaries differ because they sometimes selected different characters for a syllable, and because they used different strategies to reduce these characters for easy writing: the angular katakana were obtained by selecting a part of each character, while hiragana were derived from the cursive forms of whole characters. Modern Japanese writing uses a composite system, using kanji for word stems, hiragana for inflexional endings and grammatical words, and katakana to transcribe non-Chinese loanwords as well as serve as a method to emphasize native words (similar to how italics are used in Romance languages). | Q1: What also includes a pair of syllabaries?
A1: Written Japanese
Q2: Why do the syllabaries differ?
A2: they sometimes selected different characters for a syllable
Q3: What uses a composite system?
A3: Modern Japanese writing | Language and literature |
Aspirated_consonant | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone. | Q1: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?
A1: Wu Chinese
Q2: What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?
A2: /p pʰ b/
Q3: What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?
A3: Muddy consonants
Q4: What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?
A4: slack or breathy | Language and literature |
Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wylie asserts that this type of censorship of the History of Ming distorts the true picture of the history of Sino-Tibetan relations, while the Ming court granted titles to various lamas regardless of their sectarian affiliations in an ongoing civil war in Tibet between competing Buddhist factions. Wylie argues that Ming titles of "King" granted indiscriminately to various Tibetan lamas or even their disciples should not be viewed as reappointments to earlier Yuan dynasty offices, since the viceregal Sakya regime established by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown by the Phagmodru myriarchy before the Ming existed. | Q1: Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, who did the Ming grant titles to?
A1: various lamas
Q2: Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?
A2: the Phagmodru myriarchy | History |
Somalis | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Xalwo (halva) is a popular confection eaten during festive occasions, such as Eid celebrations or wedding receptions. It is made from sugar, corn starch, cardamom powder, nutmeg powder and ghee. Peanuts are also sometimes added to enhance texture and flavor. After meals, homes are traditionally perfumed using frankincense (lubaan) or incense (cuunsi), which is prepared inside an incense burner referred to as a dabqaad. | Q1: What is another term for xalwo?
A1: halva
Q2: Along with wedding receptions, when is xalwo often consumed?
A2: Eid celebrations
Q3: What do the Somalis call frankincense?
A3: lubaan
Q4: What is the English word for cunnsi?
A4: incense
Q5: What do the Somalis call incense burners?
A5: dabqaad | Geography and places |
Xbox_360 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Xbox Live Arcade is an online service operated by Microsoft that is used to distribute downloadable video games to Xbox and Xbox 360 owners. In addition to classic arcade games such as Ms. Pac-Man, the service offers some new original games like Assault Heroes. The Xbox Live Arcade also features games from other consoles, such as the PlayStation game Castlevania: Symphony of the Night and PC games such as Zuma. The service was first launched on November 3, 2004, using a DVD to load, and offered games for about US$5 to $15. Items are purchased using Microsoft Points, a proprietary currency used to reduce credit card transaction charges. On November 22, 2005, Xbox Live Arcade was re-launched with the release of the Xbox 360, in which it was now integrated with the Xbox 360's dashboard. The games are generally aimed toward more casual gamers; examples of the more popular titles are Geometry Wars, Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting, and Uno. On March 24, 2010, Microsoft introduced the Game Room to Xbox Live. Game Room is a gaming service for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows that lets players compete in classic arcade and console games in a virtual arcade. | Q1: What was a classic title originally offered by the Xbox Live Arcade?
A1: Ms. Pac-Man
Q2: What was a new, original title originally available from Arcade?
A2: Assault Heroes
Q3: What date did the Xbox Live Arcade launch on?
A3: November 3, 2004
Q4: When was Arcade Live relaunched with 360 support?
A4: November 22, 2005
Q5: What is the name of the online virtual arcade that launched in 2010?
A5: Game Room | Video games |
Xbox_360 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Xbox Live Gold includes the same features as Free and includes integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions. Microsoft has allowed previous Xbox Live subscribers to maintain their profile information, friends list, and games history when they make the transition to Xbox Live Gold. To transfer an Xbox Live account to the new system, users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com. When users add an Xbox Live enabled profile to their console, they are required to provide the console with their passport account information and the last four digits of their credit card number, which is used for verification purposes and billing. An Xbox Live Gold account has an annual cost of US$59.99, C$59.99, NZ$90.00, GB£39.99, or €59.99. As of January 5, 2011, Xbox Live has over 30 million subscribers. | Q1: What extra features do Xbox Live Gold members get?
A1: integrated online game playing capabilities outside of third-party subscriptions
Q2: What information does Microsoft allow users to retain when transitioning Live subscriptions?
A2: profile information, friends list, and games history
Q3: What does a user need to do to transfer a Live account to the new system?
A3: users need to link a Windows Live ID to their gamertag on Xbox.com
Q4: What is the annual cost of a Live Gold membership in USD?
A4: $59.99
Q5: How many users are subscribed to Xbox Live?
A5: 30 million | Video games |
Hokkien | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Xiamen dialect, sometimes known as Amoy, is the main dialect spoken in the Chinese city of Xiamen and its surrounding regions of Tong'an and Xiang'an, both of which are now included in the Greater Xiamen area. This dialect developed in the late Ming dynasty when Xiamen was increasingly taking over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in southeastern China. Quanzhou traders began travelling southwards to Xiamen to carry on their businesses while Zhangzhou peasants began traveling northwards to Xiamen in search of job opportunities. It is at this time when a need for a common language arose. The Quanzhou and Zhangzhou varieties are similar in many ways (as can be seen from the common place of Henan Luoyang where they originated), but due to differences in accents, communication can be a problem. Quanzhou businessmen considered their speech to be the prestige accent and considered Zhangzhou's to be a village dialect. Over the centuries, dialect leveling occurred and the two speeches mixed to produce the Amoy dialect. | Q1: What is another name for Xiamen dialect?
A1: Amoy
Q2: What is the main dialect spoken in Xiamen?
A2: Xiamen dialect
Q3: During what dynasty did the Xiamen dialect develope?
A3: late Ming dynasty
Q4: What city took over Quanzhou's position as the main port of trade in SE China?
A4: Xiamen
Q5: Why did peasants from Zhangzhou travel north to Xiamen?
A5: in search of job opportunities | Language and literature |
2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Xinhua and CCTV quoted relay spectators who condemned the protests, to a greater extent than most Western media, but did not quote any alternate viewpoints, providing no coverage of support for the protests by some ordinary citizens in Western countries. It quoted athletes who expressed pride at taking part in the relays, to a greater extent than Western media, but not those who, like Marie-José Pérec, expressed understanding and support for the protestors. The Beijing Organising Committee for the Games mentioned the "smiling faces of the elderly, children and the artists on the streets", of cheering and supportive Londoners. Xinhua said that protesters were "radicals" who "trampled human rights" and whose activities were condemned by "the people of the world who cordially love the Olympic spirit". | Q1: Xinhua and CCTV focused on people who what?
A1: condemned the protests
Q2: Which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters?
A2: Marie-José Pérec
Q3: What did Xinhua call protesters?
A3: radicals
Q4: Which athlete showed support for the people protesting?
A4: Marie-José Pérec
Q5: Which publication said that protesters were trampling human rights?
A5: Xinhua | Sports and recreation |
Daylight_saving_time | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in Saskatchewan is Central Standard Time (90° W) year-round, so Saskatoon is always about 67 minutes ahead of mean solar time, thus effectively observing daylight saving time year-round. Conversely, northeast India and a few other areas skew time zones eastward, in effect observing negative DST. The United Kingdom and Ireland experimented with year-round DST from 1968 to 1971 but abandoned it because of its unpopularity, particularly in northern regions. | Q1: In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
A1: westward
Q2: About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?
A2: 67
Q3: What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?
A3: Central Standard Time
Q4: Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?
A4: negative DST
Q5: What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?
A5: 1971 | Engineering and technology |
Jews | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons." | Q1: Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with what group?
A1: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups
Q2: Jewish traditions place most Jewish paternal origins in which region?
A2: Middle East
Q3: Which lineages are generally more heterogeneous?
A3: maternal lineages | History |
The_Blitz | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This way the distance the bomber travelled along the beam could be precisely verified. Direction-finding checks also enabled the controller to keep the crew on an exact course. The crew would be ordered to drop their bombs either by issue of a code word by the ground controller, or at the conclusion of the signal transmissions which would stop. Although its maximum usable range was similar to the previous systems, it was not unknown for specific buildings to be hit. | Q1: Which system was the most complex of the three?
A1: Y-Gerät
Q2: Who operated the automatic beam system?
A2: the bomber's autopilot
Q3: What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course?
A3: Direction-finding
Q4: The crew could be order to drop the bomb by what?
A4: a code word
Q5: Who issued the code word to the bombers?
A5: ground controller | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony as the Collegiate School, the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. The school was renamed Yale College in 1718 in recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale, who was governor of the British East India Company. Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages, by 1777 the school's curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences. In the 19th century the school incorporated graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph.D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887. | Q1: When was the Collegiate School of Saybrook Colony founded?
A1: 1701
Q2: When was the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College?
A2: 1718
Q3: Why was the school named Yale College?
A3: recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale
Q4: When did Yale first incorporate humanities and sciences?
A4: by 1777
Q5: When did Yale issue the first Ph.D in the United States?
A5: 1861 | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale. | Q1: Who were the main characters in Stover at Yale?
A1: Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell
Q2: What F. Scott Fitzgerald novel is Yale a part of?
A2: The Great Gatsby
Q3: What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News?
A3: Nick Carraway
Q4: What football playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale?
A4: Tom Buchanan
Q5: Who wrote the novel Stover at Yale?
A5: Owen Johnson | History |
New_Haven,_Connecticut | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale and New Haven are working to build a medical and biotechnology research hub in the city and Greater New Haven region, and are succeeding to some extent.[citation needed] The city, state and Yale together run Science Park, a large site three blocks northwest of Yale's Science Hill campus. This multi-block site, approximately bordered by Mansfield Street, Division Street, and Shelton Avenue, is the former home of Winchester's and Olin Corporation's 45 large-scale factory buildings. Currently, sections of the site are large-scale parking lots or abandoned structures, but there is also a large remodeled and functioning area of buildings (leased primarily by a private developer) with numerous Yale employees, financial service and biotech companies. | Q1: Yale and New Haven are conjointly attempting to build the area into a research hub for what two industries?
A1: medical and biotechnology
Q2: What large site is run by Yale, in conjunction with New Haven and the state, situated three blocks away from Yale's Science hill campus?
A2: Science Park
Q3: To what corporation did the multi-block site comprising Science Park formerly belong?
A3: Winchester's and Olin
Q4: In addition to Yale employees and financial services, companies in what industry can currently be found in the functioning areas Science Park?
A4: biotech
Q5: What is the name of the collaborated project between Yale University, Connecticut and New Haven city?
A5: Science Park
Q6: The area of Science Park was originally filled with what?
A6: 45 large-scale factory buildings
Q7: Although some of the Science Park area is used by multiple institutions and groups, what remains left over Winchester's and Olin company?
A7: parking lots or abandoned structures | Geography and places |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School. | Q1: When was the Yale School of Medicine established?
A1: 1810
Q2: When was Yale Divinity School established?
A2: 1822
Q3: When was Yale Law School created?
A3: 1843
Q4: When was Yale Graduate Schools and Arts and Sciences established?
A4: (1847
Q5: When was the Sheffield Scientific School created?
A5: 1847 | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale has a complicated relationship with its home city; for example, thousands of students volunteer every year in a myriad of community organizations, but city officials, who decry Yale's exemption from local property taxes, have long pressed the university to do more to help. Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city. Evidence suggests that the town and gown relationships are mutually beneficial. Still, the economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success amid a decline in the local economy. | Q1: Why do New Haven city officials dislike Yale?
A1: exemption from local property taxes
Q2: Which Yale president assisted with New Haven's revitalization efforts?
A2: President Levin
Q3: What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relationship on Yale?
A3: economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success
Q4: What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relation on New Haven?
A4: decline in the local economy | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes. There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S. Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect. In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking. Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues. | Q1: How many strikes has Yale had since 1968?
A1: at least eight
Q2: What are The New York Times' views on Yale's labor tension?
A2: the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S.
Q3: What professor was retired in a 2003 labor strike?
A3: Professor David Graeber
Q4: Why was Professor David Graeber retired during the strike?
A4: he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.
Q5: What adds to the tensions during wage considerations?
A5: Yale's unusually large endowment | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale has had many financial supporters, but some stand out by the magnitude or timeliness of their contributions. Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are: Elihu Yale; Jeremiah Dummer; the Harkness family (Edward, Anna, and William); the Beinecke family (Edwin, Frederick, and Walter); John William Sterling; Payne Whitney; Joseph E. Sheffield, Paul Mellon, Charles B. G. Murphy and William K. Lanman. The Yale Class of 1954, led by Richard Gilder, donated $70 million in commemoration of their 50th reunion. Charles B. Johnson, a 1954 graduate of Yale College, pledged a $250 million gift in 2013 to support of the construction of two new residential colleges. | Q1: How much did Charles B. Johnson pledge to Yale in 2013?
A1: $250 million
Q2: How much did the 1954 class donate for their 50th reunion?
A2: $70 million
Q3: Who led the 1954 class in their large donation?
A3: Richard Gilder | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale has numerous athletic facilities, including the Yale Bowl (the nation's first natural "bowl" stadium, and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl), located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex, and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world. October 21, 2000, marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. The Richard Gilder Boathouse is named to honor former Olympic rower Virginia Gilder '79 and her father Richard Gilder '54, who gave $4 million towards the $7.5 million project. Yale also maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the Yale-Harvard Boat Race. | Q1: What is the name of the United States' first bowl stadium?
A1: Yale Bowl
Q2: What landmarks did the Yale Bowl influence?
A2: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl
Q3: What is the name of the world's second largest indoor athletic building?
A3: Payne Whitney Gymnasium
Q4: On what day was the Richard Gilder Boathouse established?
A4: October 21, 2000
Q5: How much did the Richard Gilder Boathouse cost to construct?
A5: $7.5 million | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale has produced alumni distinguished in their respective fields. Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; royals Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo; heads of state, including Italian prime minister Mario Monti, Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller, Mexican president Ernesto Zedillo, German president Karl Carstens, and Philippines president José Paciano Laurel; U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F. B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; actors, directors and producers Paul Newman, Henry Winkler, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Sigourney Weaver, Jodie Foster, Angela Bassett, Patricia Clarkson, Courtney Vance, Frances McDormand, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Edward Norton, Lupita Nyong'o, Allison Williams, Oliver Stone, Sam Waterston, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp, James Franco, "The perfect oarsman" Rusty Wailes; baseball players Ron Darling, Bill Hutchinson, and Craig Breslow; basketball player Chris Dudley; football players Gary Fencik, and Calvin Hill; hockey players Chris Higgins and Mike Richter; figure skater Sarah Hughes; swimmer Don Schollander; skier Ryan Max Riley; runner Frank Shorter; composers Charles Ives, Douglas Moore and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; New York Times journalist David Gonzalez; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; economists Irving Fischer, Mahbub ul Haq, and Paul Krugman; cyclotron inventor and Nobel laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; Human Genome Project director Francis S. Collins; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; and businesspeople, including Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce, Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley, Boeing CEO James McNerney, FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith, Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes, Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon, and investor/philanthropist Sir John Templeton; pioneer in electrical applications Austin Cornelius Dunham. | Q1: What royalty has attended Yale?
A1: Crown Princess Victoria Bernadotte, Prince Rostislav Romanov and Prince Akiiki Hosea Nyabongo
Q2: What Italian Prime Minister attended Yale?
A2: Mario Monti
Q3: What Mexican president attended Yale?
A3: Ernesto Zedillo
Q4: Who was the father of American football?
A4: Walter Camp
Q5: What Time magazine founder attended Yale?
A5: Henry Luce | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States. | Q1: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840's?
A1: Charles Dickens
Q2: Who listed Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States?
A2: Travel+Leisure
Q3: What is Yale largely known for?
A3: Collegiate Gothic campus
Q4: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses?
A4: 2011 | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States. | Q1: How many schools is Yale composed of?
A1: fourteen
Q2: How much is Yale's endowment worth?
A2: $25.6 billion
Q3: How many books are in the Yale University Library?
A3: 15 million
Q4: Who runs Yale College?
A4: Yale Corporation
Q5: Where is the main Yale campus?
A5: downtown New Haven | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rhein.) Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so. In the second half of the 20th century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns. In spite of administration opposition, students revived the game in 2009, 2011, and 2014, but its future remains uncertain. | Q1: What do seniors crush to celebrate graduation?
A1: clay pipes
Q2: What do they destroy now instead of clay pipes?
A2: bubble pipes
Q3: What statue is it rumored to be good luck to rub?
A3: Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus
Q4: What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be good luck to rub?
A4: the toe
Q5: What game was created, to later be banned by administration?
A5: Bladderball | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven. The Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, Rev. James Noyes II (son of James Noyes), James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's library. The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as "The Founders".[citation needed] | Q1: When was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" approved?
A1: October 9, 1701
Q2: Who voted on "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School"?
A2: General Court of the Colony of Connecticut
Q3: What was the name of the group that started Yale's library?
A3: The Founders
Q4: Why was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" proposed?
A4: to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut
Q5: Where did "The Founders" go to school?
A5: Harvard | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars. | Q1: Which of the New Critics were staffed at Yale?
A1: Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks
Q2: Who is known as the father of deconstruction?
A2: Jacques Derrida
Q3: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1980's?
A3: Department of Comparative Literature
Q4: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other younger labor historians?
A4: David Montgomery
Q5: When was The Journal of Music Theory founded?
A5: 1957 | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale. Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges. Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification. Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls. Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a "B+" grade overall. | Q1: Who creates sustainability practices at Yale?
A1: Yale's Office of Sustainability
Q2: By what percent is Yale committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions below 1990 levels by the year 2020?
A2: 10%
Q3: How many campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification?
A3: Eleven
Q4: What project is bringing organic food to all of Yale's residential college dining areas?
A4: Yale Sustainable Food Project
Q5: What grade did Yale get on their Sustainable Endowments Institute's College Sustainability Report Card 2008?
A5: B+ | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the 136-acre (0.55 km2) former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus in West Haven, Connecticut, the buildings of which are now used as laboratory and research space. Yale also owns seven forests in Connecticut, Vermont, and New Hampshire—the largest of which is the 7,840-acre (31.7 km2) Yale-Myers Forest in Connecticut's Quiet Corner—and nature preserves including Horse Island. | Q1: Where does Yale own 500 acres of athletic facilities?
A1: western New Haven
Q2: What campus did Yale buy in 2008?
A2: former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus
Q3: What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?
A3: laboratory and research space
Q4: How many forests does Yale own?
A4: seven
Q5: How big is the largest forest in Yale's possession?
A5: 7,840-acre | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery, the country's first university-affiliated art museum, contains more than 180,000 works, including Old Masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-scale American work (1953), was renovated and reopened in December 2006. The Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside of the UK, grew from a gift of Paul Mellon and is housed in another Kahn-designed building. | Q1: What is the name of the country's first university partnered art museum?
A1: The Yale University Art Gallery
Q2: How many items are in The Yale University Art Gallery?
A2: more than 180,000
Q3: Where is the largest center for British art, UK not included?
A3: The Yale Center for British Art
Q4: Whose contributions started The Yale Center for British Art?
A4: Paul Mellon
Q5: Who designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art?
A5: Louis Kahn | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale's residential college system was established in 1933 by Edward S. Harkness, who admired the social intimacy of Oxford and Cambridge and donated significant funds to found similar colleges at Yale and Harvard. Though Yale's colleges resemble their English precursors organizationally and architecturally, they are dependent entities of Yale College and have limited autonomy. The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean, who reside in the college, and university faculty and affiliates comprise each college's fellowship. Colleges offer their own seminars, social events, and speaking engagements known as "Master's Teas," but do not contain programs of study or academic departments. Instead, all undergraduate courses are taught by the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and are open to members of any college. | Q1: When was Yale's residential college system established?
A1: 1933
Q2: Who established Yale's residential college system?
A2: Edward S. Harkness
Q3: Who runs Yale's residential colleges?
A3: The colleges are led by a master and an academic dean
Q4: Are there academic programs in Yale's residential colleges?
A4: do not contain programs of study or academic departments
Q5: Who teaches Yale's residential college's undergraduate classes?
A5: Faculty of Arts and Sciences | History |
Yale_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th-century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; Shabtai, 1882, the Anderson Mansion built in the Second Empire architectural style; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4). | Q1: What is another term for some of Yale's secret society buildings?
A1: tombs
Q2: Who is the interior moulding of the Mace and Chain building rumored to have belonged to?
A2: Benedict Arnold
Q3: Who was responsible for landscaping the Manuscript Society building?
A3: Dan Kniley
Q4: Who was the architect for St. Elmo?
A4: Kenneth M. Murchison
Q5: Who was the architect behind the Manuscript Society building?
A5: King Lui-Wu | History |
Kievan_Rus%27 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yaroslav, known as "the Wise", struggled for power with his brothers. A son of Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Svyatopolk the Accursed, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Viking mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the grand prince of Kiev in 1019. Although he first established his rule over Kiev in 1019, he did not have uncontested rule of all of Kievan Rus' until 1036. Like Vladimir, Yaroslav was eager to improve relations with the rest of Europe, especially the Byzantine Empire. Yaroslav's granddaughter, Eupraxia the daughter of his son Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev, was married to Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. Yaroslav also arranged marriages for his sister and three daughters to the kings of Poland, France, Hungary and Norway. Yaroslav promulgated the first East Slavic law code, Russkaya Pravda; built Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev and Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod; patronized local clergy and monasticism; and is said to have founded a school system. Yaroslav's sons developed the great Kiev Pechersk Lavra (monastery), which functioned in Kievan Rus' as an ecclesiastical academy. | Q1: What was Yaroslav also known as?
A1: the Wise
Q2: Who was Yaroslav's father?
A2: Vladimir the Great
Q3: In what year did Yaroslav become the prince of Kiev?
A3: 1019 | History |
Umayyad_Caliphate | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qays, who supported Ibn al-Zubayr, and the Quda'a, who supported Marwan, a descendant of Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah. The partisans of Marwan triumphed at a battle at Marj Rahit, near Damascus, in 684, and Marwan became caliph shortly thereafter. | Q1: Who was the son of Yazid?
A1: Muawiya II
Q2: When did Muawiya II's reign begin?
A2: 683
Q3: Who had the support of the Confederation of Qays?
A3: Ibn al-Zubayr
Q4: From whom was Marwan descended?
A4: Umayya via Wa'il ibn Umayyah
Q5: In what year did the battle of Marj Rahit occur?
A5: 684 | History |
2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Ye Zhiping, the principal of Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao, one of the largest in An County, has been credited with proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened. During a three-year period that ended in 2007, he oversaw a major overhaul of his school. During that time he obtained more than 400,000 yuan (US$60,000) from the county education department, money used to widen and strengthen concrete pillars and the balcony railing of all four storeys of his school, as well as secure its concrete floors. | Q1: Who was the principal of Sangzao Middle School?
A1: Ye Zhiping
Q2: What was the principal credited with?
A2: proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened
Q3: How many students attended the school?
A3: 2,323
Q4: How much money was used to strengthen the construction of the school?
A4: 400,000 yuan
Q5: What school principal strengthened his school?
A5: Ye Zhiping
Q6: Where is the Sangzao Middle School?
A6: Sangzao
Q7: The Sangzao school is one of the biggest in what county?
A7: An County
Q8: How many years was Ye Zhiping involved in the school overhaul?
A8: three-year period | Natural sciences |
Seven_Years%27_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Years later, Kaunitz kept trying to establish France's alliance with Austria. He tried as hard as he could for Austria to not get entangled in Hanover's political affairs, and was even willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid in recapturing Silesia. Frustrated by this decision and by the Dutch Republic's insistence on neutrality, Britain soon turned to Russia. On September 30, 1755, Britain pledged financial aid to Russia in order to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover immediately. Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia, was more than happy to obey the request of the British. Unbeknownst to the other powers, King George II also made overtures to the Prussian king; Frederick, who began fearing the Austro-Russian intentions, and was excited to welcome a rapprochement with Britain. On January 16, 1756, the Convention of Westminster was signed wherein Britain and Prussia promised to aid one another in order to achieve lasting peace and stability in Europe. | Q1: What was Kaunitz of Austria willing to trade for French help in capturing Silesia?
A1: willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid
Q2: What did Russia use Britain's money for?
A2: to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover
Q3: What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster?
A3: Britain and Prussia
Q4: When was the Convention of Westminster signed?
A4: January 16, 1756
Q5: Why was Beshuzev happy to put the troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border?
A5: Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia, | History |
Armenia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims that are a Caucasus specialty. Obsidian, which is found locally, is crafted into assortment of jewellery and ornamental objects. Armenian gold smithery enjoys a long tradition, populating one corner of the market with a selection of gold items. Soviet relics and souvenirs of recent Russian manufacture – nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes and so on – are also available at the Vernisage. | Q1: What is Obsidian used for?
A1: jewellery and ornamental objects
Q2: What are some examples of soviet memorabilia that can be purchased at Vernissage?
A2: nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes
Q3: What types of crafts can be purchased at Vernissage?
A3: woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims
Q4: What is Vernissage?
A4: arts and crafts market | History |
Seattle | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yet another boom began as the city emerged from the Great Recession. Amazon.com moved its headquarters from North Beacon Hill to South Lake Union and began a rapid expansion. For the five years beginning in 2010, Seattle gained an average of 14,511 residents per year, with the growth strongly skewed toward the center of the city, as unemployment dropped from roughly 9 percent to 3.6 percent. The city has found itself "bursting at the seams," with over 45,000 households spending more than half their income on housing and at least 2,800 people homeless, and with the country's sixth-worst rush hour traffic. | Q1: What large company moved its headquarters to South Lake Union in Seattle?
A1: Amazon.com
Q2: When did Amazon begin its latest expansion?
A2: 2010
Q3: How many new people move to Seattle each year?
A3: 14,511
Q4: How much of their income do half of Seattle's population have to spend on housing?
A4: more than half
Q5: Where does Seattle rank in rush hour traffic?
A5: sixth-worst | History |
Muslim_world | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's problem. European scholars and writers influenced by this novel include John Locke, Gottfried Leibniz, Melchisédech Thévenot, John Wallis, Christiaan Huygens, George Keith, Robert Barclay, the Quakers, and Samuel Hartlib. | Q1: Which philosopher from the Muslim world influenced modern philosophy?
A1: Ibn Tufail
Q2: Who wrote Hayy ibn Yaqdha?
A2: Ibn Tufail
Q3: In what year was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to the Latin language?
A3: 1671
Q4: What kind of book is Hayy ibn Yaqdha?
A4: philosophical novel | Philosophy and religion |
The_Bronx | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was also much debate as to whether rent control laws had made it less profitable (or more costly) for landlords to maintain existing buildings with their existing tenants than to abandon or destroy those buildings. | Q1: What is redlining?
A1: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas
Q2: What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?
A2: rent control laws
Q3: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?
A3: fire-fighting | Geography and places |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yet controlling the "Mandate of Heaven" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively. | Q1: Who was the most important Ming general?
A1: Wu Sangui
Q2: What provinces did Sangui control?
A2: Yunnan and Guizhou
Q3: Name the other two important Ming generals?
A3: Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong
Q4: Which provinces did Kexi and Jingzhong receive?
A4: Guangdong and Fujian | History |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707). The nineteenth century saw such innovations as the Shanghai School and the Lingnan School which used the technical skills of tradition to set the stage for modern painting. | Q1: Name three painters?
A1: Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707)
Q2: What two schools of art were created in the 19th century?
A2: Shanghai School and the Lingnan School
Q3: Name two arts of the Four Arts?
A3: Calligraphy and painting | History |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance. | Q1: When was the Treaty of Kyakhta written?
A1: 1727
Q2: Who was the partner in the Treaty of Kyakhta?
A2: Russia
Q3: What did the treaty give to the Russians?
A3: territory and trading rights
Q4: What did the Qing get from the Treaty of Kyakhta?
A4: Mongolia | History |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube Red is YouTube's premium subscription service. It offers advertising-free streaming, access to exclusive content, background and offline video playback on mobile devices, and access to the Google Play Music "All Access" service. YouTube Red was originally announced on November 12, 2014, as "Music Key", a subscription music streaming service, and was intended to integrate with and replace the existing Google Play Music "All Access" service. On October 28, 2015, the service was re-launched as YouTube Red, offering ad-free streaming of all videos, as well as access to exclusive original content. | Q1: What is youtube red?
A1: YouTube's premium subscription service
Q2: When was youtube red originally announced?
A2: November 12, 2014
Q3: What was the original title of youtube red?
A3: Music Key
Q4: When was youtube red re-launched with its added features?
A4: October 28, 2015
Q5: What service was "music key" intended to replace?
A5: Google Play Music "All Access" | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube does not usually offer a download link for its videos, and intends for them to be viewed through its website interface. A small number of videos, such as the weekly addresses by President Barack Obama, can be downloaded as MP4 files. Numerous third-party web sites, applications and browser plug-ins allow users to download YouTube videos. In February 2009, YouTube announced a test service, allowing some partners to offer video downloads for free or for a fee paid through Google Checkout. In June 2012, Google sent cease and desist letters threatening legal action against several websites offering online download and conversion of YouTube videos. In response, Zamzar removed the ability to download YouTube videos from its site. The default settings when uploading a video to YouTube will retain a copyright on the video for the uploader, but since July 2012 it has been possible to select a Creative Commons license as the default, allowing other users to reuse and remix the material if it is free of copyright. | Q1: YOutube does not often post a what for its videos?
A1: download link
Q2: Youtube intends for users to watch videos where?
A2: through its website
Q3: What was added to the upload options in July of 2012?
A3: a Creative Commons license
Q4: Which site removed the option of downloading youtube videos after 2012?
A4: Zamzar
Q5: Which videos are often available for download straight from youtube?
A5: the weekly addresses by President Barack Obama | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with NBC in June 2006. In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for US viewers called "Shows". The move was intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu, which features material from NBC, Fox, and Disney. In November 2009, YouTube launched a version of "Shows" available to UK viewers, offering around 4,000 full-length shows from more than 60 partners. In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service, which is available only to users in the US, Canada and the UK as of 2010. The service offers over 6,000 films. | Q1: When did youtube enter a partnership with NBC?
A1: June 2006
Q2: What is the name of the section in youtube that allows major content publishers to post full length movies and episodes?
A2: Shows
Q3: What was the intended purpose of youtube's "shows" section?
A3: to create competition
Q4: When did youtube launch the version of "shows" for the UK?
A4: In November 2009
Q5: In 2010 how many movies did youtube's rental service offer?
A5: over 6,000 films | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube has enabled people to more directly engage with government, such as in the CNN/YouTube presidential debates (2007) in which ordinary people submitted questions to U.S. presidential candidates via YouTube video, with a techPresident co-founder saying that Internet video was changing the political landscape. Describing the Arab Spring (2010- ), sociologist Philip N. Howard quoted an activist's succinct description that organizing the political unrest involved using "Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world." In 2012, more than a third of the U.S. Senate introduced a resolution condemning Joseph Kony 16 days after the "Kony 2012" video was posted to YouTube, with resolution co-sponsor Senator Lindsey Graham remarking that the video "will do more to lead to (Kony's) demise than all other action combined." | Q1: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using Facebook to what?
A1: schedule the protests
Q2: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using Twitter to do what?
A2: coordinate
Q3: An activist in the Arab spring said they were using youtube to do what?
A3: tell the world
Q4: Who was the co-sponsor of the condemnation by the US Senate over the kony 2012 video?
A4: Senator Lindsey Graham
Q5: What year was the first youtube question asked to a presidential nominee?
A5: 2007 | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media video. Available content includes video clips, TV clips, music videos, movie trailers, and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos. | Q1: Where is Youtube headquartered?
A1: San Bruno, California, United States
Q2: When was Youtube created?
A2: February 2005
Q3: How much did Google pay for Youtube in 2006?
A3: US$1.65 billion
Q4: Other than video blogging and and educational videos, what content is available on youtube?
A4: short original videos
Q5: How does youtube now operate as a business?
A5: as one of Google's subsidiaries | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in September 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was receiving 8 million views a day. The site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. According to data published by market research company comScore, YouTube is the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos in May 2010. | Q1: when was the first beta test for the youtube site?
A1: May 2005
Q2: What was the first video to reach a million views?
A2: a Nike advertisement
Q3: How much did Sequoia Capital invest in youtube in November of 2005?
A3: $3.5 million
Q4: What was the official launch date for the youtube website?
A4: December 15, 2005
Q5: As of May 2010 how many total video views had youtube attained?
A5: 14 billion | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Users wishing to post a video discussing, inspired by or related to another user's video are able to make a "video response". On August 27, 2013, YouTube announced that it would remove video responses for being an underused feature. Embedding, rating, commenting and response posting can be disabled by the video owner. | Q1: Youtube offers users the option to watch content where?
A1: outside their website
Q2: What is used to embed a youtube video to a webpage?
A2: HTML
Q3: What is the most common use of embedded youtube videos?
A3: social networking pages and blogs
Q4: What is a video called when a person records themselves watching a different video?
A4: "video response"
Q5: When did youtube officially remove the response feature?
A5: On August 27, 2013 | Engineering and technology |
YouTube | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | YouTube relies on its users to flag the content of videos as inappropriate, and a YouTube employee will view a flagged video to determine whether it violates the site's terms of service. In July 2008, the Culture and Media Committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom stated that it was "unimpressed" with YouTube's system for policing its videos, and argued that "proactive review of content should be standard practice for sites hosting user-generated content". YouTube responded by stating: | Q1: Youtube depends on who to flag inappropriate videos?
A1: users
Q2: Who checks the flagged videos for unauthorized content?
A2: a YouTube employee
Q3: The United Kingdom stated it was what with youtube's policies with moderating its content?
A3: unimpressed
Q4: When did the UK speak out against youtube's copyright policies?
A4: In July 2008
Q5: Who of the house of commons spoke out on youtube's policies?
A5: the Culture and Media Committee | Engineering and technology |
Josip_Broz_Tito | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities. | Q1: Nasser was a leader of what country?
A1: Egypt
Q2: Nehru was a leader of what country?
A2: Indian
Q3: Gandhi was a leader of what country?
A3: Indian
Q4: Eisenhower was a president of what country?
A4: U.S.
Q5: Nixon was a president of what country?
A5: U.S. | History |
Josip_Broz_Tito | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Zaštite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime. Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946. | Q1: What was formed as the new secret police?
A1: The State Security Administration
Q2: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?
A2: Yugoslav intelligence
Q3: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?
A3: Catholic clergymen
Q4: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?
A4: Draža Mihailović
Q5: How was Draza executed?
A5: firing squad | History |
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zakaria Mohieddin, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, on 1967 he started a bluffing game "but a successful bluff means your opponent must not know which cards you are holding. In this case Nasser's opponent could see his hand in the mirror and knew he was only holding a pair of deuces" and Nasser knew that his army is not prepared yet. "All of this was out of character...His tendencies in this regard may have been accentuated by diabetes... That was the only rational explanation for his actions in 1967". | Q1: Who was Nasser's vice president?
A1: Zakaria Mohieddin
Q2: What gambit did Nasser fail at in his bluster with Israel?
A2: bluffing
Q3: What did Nasser do over the years of his rule?
A3: gradually changed
Q4: What did Mohieddin attribute Nassir's mistakes in 1967 to?
A4: diabetes | History |
Mexico_City | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza. After the assassination of Carranza and a short mandate by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón took power. After willing to be re-elected, he was killed by José de León Toral, a devout Catholic, in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel in 1928. Plutarco Elias Calles replaced Obregón and culminated the Mexican Revolution. | Q1: Who was the leader at the end of the Mexican Revolution?
A1: Plutarco Elias Calles
Q2: Where was Alvaro Obregon killed?
A2: in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel
Q3: When was Alvaro Obregon killed?
A3: 1928
Q4: Where were the Zapatist forces from?
A4: Morelos
Q5: Who was the third to last leader before the end of the Mexican Revolution?
A5: Adolfo de la Huerta | Geography and places |
Buddhism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zen Buddhism (禅), pronounced Chán in Chinese, seon in Korean or zen in Japanese (derived from the Sanskrit term dhyāna, meaning "meditation") is a form of Buddhism that became popular in China, Korea and Japan and that lays special emphasis on meditation.[note 12] Zen places less emphasis on scriptures than some other forms of Buddhism and prefers to focus on direct spiritual breakthroughs to truth. | Q1: Zen Buddhism is known as what in Korea?
A1: seon
Q2: What form of buddhism lays special emphasis on meditation?
A2: Zen
Q3: What form of Buddhism places less emphasis on scriptures?
A3: Zen
Q4: Zen focuses on what type of breakthroughs?
A4: spiritual | Philosophy and religion |
Buddhism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zen Buddhism is divided into two main schools: Rinzai (臨済宗) and Sōtō (曹洞宗), the former greatly favouring the use in meditation on the koan (公案, a meditative riddle or puzzle) as a device for spiritual break-through, and the latter (while certainly employing koans) focusing more on shikantaza or "just sitting".[note 13] | Q1: Zen Buddhism is divided into how many main schools?
A1: two
Q2: Which schools of Zen likes the use of meditation on the koan for spiritual breakthroughs?
A2: Rinzai | Philosophy and religion |
Buddhism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zen Buddhist teaching is often full of paradox, in order to loosen the grip of the ego and to facilitate the penetration into the realm of the True Self or Formless Self, which is equated with the Buddha himself.[note 14] According to Zen master Kosho Uchiyama, when thoughts and fixation on the little "I" are transcended, an Awakening to a universal, non-dual Self occurs: "When we let go of thoughts and wake up to the reality of life that is working beyond them, we discover the Self that is living universal non-dual life (before the separation into two) that pervades all living creatures and all existence." Thinking and thought must therefore not be allowed to confine and bind one. | Q1: What Buddhist teachings are often full of paradox?
A1: Zen
Q2: What type of self is equated with the Buddha?
A2: True Self
Q3: What is not allowed to confine and bind oneself?
A3: Thinking and thought | Philosophy and religion |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zeng Guofan had no prior military experience. Being a classically educated official, he took his blueprint for the Xiang Army from the Ming general Qi Jiguang, who, because of the weakness of regular Ming troops, had decided to form his own "private" army to repel raiding Japanese pirates in the mid-16th century. Qi Jiguang's doctrine was based on Neo-Confucian ideas of binding troops' loyalty to their immediate superiors and also to the regions in which they were raised. Zeng Guofan's original intention for the Xiang Army was simply to eradicate the Taiping rebels. However, the success of the Yongying system led to its becoming a permanent regional force within the Qing military, which in the long run created problems for the beleaguered central government. | Q1: Who inspired Zeng Guofan in creating his army?
A1: Qi Jiguang
Q2: What did Qi Jiguang's private army do?
A2: repel raiding Japanese pirates
Q3: What was the original plan for the Xiang Army?
A3: eradicate the Taiping rebels | History |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang benefited less from central government investment than some other provinces due to its lack of natural resources, a location vulnerable to potential flooding from the sea, and an economic base at the national average. Zhejiang, however, has been an epicenter of capitalist development in China, and has led the nation in the development of a market economy and private enterprises. Northeast Zhejiang, as part of the Yangtze Delta, is flat, more developed, and industrial. | Q1: What type of resources does Zhejiang have a lack of?
A1: natural
Q2: What is Zhejiang's location vulnerable to from the sea?
A2: flooding
Q3: What type of development has Zhejiang been an epicenter of?
A3: capitalist
Q4: Which part of Zhejiang is part of the Yangtze Delta?
A4: Northeast Zhejiang
Q5: What type of geography is Northeast Zhejiang?
A5: flat | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, which reach altitudes of 700 to 1,500 meters (2,300 to 4,900 ft). | Q1: What does Zhejiang consist mostly of?
A1: hills
Q2: What percent of Zhejiang is hills?
A2: 70%
Q3: What is the highest peak of the province?
A3: Huangmaojian Peak
Q4: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in meters?
A4: 1,929
Q5: How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?
A5: 6,329 | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect, and Quzhou dialect for more information). | Q1: How diverse is Zhejiang, linguistically speaking?
A1: extremely
Q2: What do most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak?
A2: Wu
Q3: Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border where?
A3: with Anhui
Q4: Min dialects are spoken on the border where?
A4: with Fujian
Q5: What type of geography is Zhejiang?
A5: mountainous | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang is the home of Yueju (越劇), one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shaoju (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (of Taizhou) and Zhuji Luantan (of Zhuji). | Q1: What is one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera?
A1: Yueju
Q2: Where did Yueju originate?
A2: Shengzhou
Q3: Who is Yueju traditionally performed by?
A3: actresses only
Q4: Who plays male roles in Yueju?
A4: actresses
Q5: Who plays female roles in Yueju?
A5: actresses | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229–280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story depicts how the states of Wei (魏) and Shu (蜀), lack of material resources, avoided direct confrontation with the Wu. In armed military conflicts with Wu, the two states relied intensively on tactics of camouflage and deception to steal Wu's military resources including arrows and bows. | Q1: When was Zhejiang part of the Wu?
A1: during the Three Kingdoms
Q2: What is another name for Wu or Eastern Wu?
A2: Sun Wu
Q3: What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms?
A3: Wu
Q4: Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force?
A4: Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Q5: Along with Wei, which state avoided direct conflict with Wu?
A5: Shu | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples. | Q1: What kind of cultures were the Hemudu and Liangzhu?
A1: Neolithic
Q2: Where was the site of the Hemudu and LIangzhu cultures?
A2: Zhejiang
Q3: What year was there an analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in Liangzhu culture?
A3: 2007
Q4: Which culture were the Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples linked to in the DNA analysis?
A4: Liangzhu
Q5: What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture reveal?
A5: O1 | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food, and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the "Zhejiang model", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces, and the "Zhejiang spirit" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries. The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou. The per capita disposable income of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 24,611 yuan (US$3,603) in 2009, an annual real growth of 8.3%. The per capita pure income of rural residents stood at 10,007 yuan (US$1,465), a real growth of 8.1% year-on-year. Zhejiang's nominal GDP for 2011 was 3.20 trillion yuan (US$506 billion) with a per capita GDP of 44,335 yuan (US$6,490). In 2009, Zhejiang's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 116.2 billion yuan (US$17 billion), 1.1843 trillion yuan (US$173.4 billion), and 982.7 billion yuan (US$143.9 billion) respectively. | Q1: What is Zhejiang's own development model dubbed?
A1: Zhejiang model
Q2: What is the Zhejiang model based on prioritizing and encouraging?
A2: entrepreneurship
Q3: What direction is the economic heart of Zhejiang moving toward?
A3: southeast
Q4: What was the annual real growth of urbanites in Zhejiang in 2009?
A4: 8.3%
Q5: What was Zhejiang's nominal GDP in yuan for 2011?
A5: 3.20 trillion | Geography and places |
Zhejiang | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222–589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vietnam. The plan led the Sui dynasty to restore and expand the network which became the Grand Canal of China. The Canal regularly transported grains and resources from Zhejiang, through its metropolitan center Hangzhou (and its hinterland along both the Zhe River and the shores of Hangzhou Bay), and from Suzhou, and thence to the North China Plain. The débâcle of the Korean war led to Sui's overthrow by the Tang, who then presided over a centuries-long golden age for the country. Zhejiang was an important economic center of the empire's Jiangnan East Circuit and was considered particularly prosperous. Throughout the Tang dynasty, The Grand Canal had remained effective, transporting grains and material resources to North China plain and metropolitan centers of the empire. As the Tang Dynasty disintegrated, Zhejiang constituted most of the territory of the regional kingdom of Wuyue. | Q1: When did the Six Dynasties end?
A1: 589
Q2: What was the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties?
A2: Zhejiang
Q3: Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China?
A3: the Sui dynasty
Q4: What river was one of the Grand Canal of China's hinterlands?
A4: the Zhe River | Geography and places |
Nanjing | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zhu Yousong, however, fared a lot worse than his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang three centuries earlier. Beset by factional conflicts, his regime could not offer effective resistance to Qing forces, when the Qing army, led by the Manchu prince Dodo approached Jiangnan the next spring. Days after Yangzhou fell to the Manchus in late May 1645, the Hongguang Emperor fled Nanjing, and the imperial Ming Palace was looted by local residents. On June 6, Dodo's troops approached Nanjing, and the commander of the city's garrison, Zhao the Earl of Xincheng, promptly surrendered the city to them. The Manchus soon ordered all male residents of the city to shave their heads in the Manchu queue way. They requisitioned a large section of the city for the bannermen's cantonment, and destroyed the former imperial Ming Palace, but otherwise the city was spared the mass murders and destruction that befell Yangzhou. | Q1: When did the Hongguang Emperor leave Nanjing, having been defeated?
A1: late May 1645
Q2: Who surrendered Nanjing to invaders on June 6?
A2: Zhao the Earl of Xincheng
Q3: What did the Manchu's make all the men in the city do?
A3: shave their heads | Geography and places |
Sumer | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and vegetable sacrifices. Granaries and storehouses were usually located near the temples. After a time the Sumerians began to place the temples on top of multi-layered square constructions built as a series of rising terraces, giving rise to the Ziggurat style. | Q1: What were Sumerian temples known as?
A1: Ziggurats
Q2: What was the central pond in the forecourt of a Ziggurat for?
A2: purification
Q3: Who were the rooms on either side of the aisles in the temple for?
A3: the priests
Q4: What was the mudbrick table in the temple for?
A4: animal and vegetable sacrifices
Q5: Where did the Sumerians usually locate their granaries and storehouses?
A5: near the temples | History |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal structure and in circumstances where ionic radius is a determining factor zinc and magnesium chemistries have much in common. Otherwise there is little similarity. Zinc tends to form bonds with a greater degree of covalency and it forms much more stable complexes with N- and S- donors. Complexes of zinc are mostly 4- or 6- coordinate although 5-coordinate complexes are known. | Q1: Because zinc has a filled d-shell, its compounds are usually what?
A1: diamagnetic and mostly colorless.
Q2: The ionic radii of what two elements are almost identical?
A2: zinc and magnesium
Q3: What is the determining factor where zinc and magnesium are very similar chemically?
A3: ionic radius
Q4: Whit what donors does zinc form stable complexes?
A4: N- and S- | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc chloride is often added to lumber as a fire retardant and can be used as a wood preservative. It is also used to make other chemicals. Zinc methyl (Zn(CH3)
2) is used in a number of organic syntheses. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is used in luminescent pigments such as on the hands of clocks, X-ray and television screens, and luminous paints. Crystals of ZnS are used in lasers that operate in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum. Zinc sulfate is a chemical in dyes and pigments. Zinc pyrithione is used in antifouling paints. | Q1: What is added to wood in order to preserve it?
A1: Zinc chloride
Q2: What is the feature of zinc sufide that makes it useful in television screens?
A2: luminescent pigments
Q3: What kind of lasers are crystals of zinc suflde used in?
A3: mid-infrared
Q4: Where is zinc pyrithion used?
A4: antifouling paints. | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc deficiency is crop plants' most common micronutrient deficiency; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been reported in these areas. Plants that grow in soils that are zinc-deficient are more susceptible to disease. Zinc is primarily added to the soil through the weathering of rocks, but humans have added zinc through fossil fuel combustion, mine waste, phosphate fertilizers, pesticide (zinc phosphide), limestone, manure, sewage sludge, and particles from galvanized surfaces. Excess zinc is toxic to plants, although zinc toxicity is far less widespread. | Q1: In what type of soil is zinc deficiency most common?
A1: high-pH soils
Q2: Growing plants in zinc deficient soil makes them more susceptible to what?
A2: disease.
Q3: Excess zinc has what effect on plants?
A3: toxic
Q4: How is zinc primarily added to soil?
A4: weathering of rocks | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own plane and six others at a greater distance of 290.6 pm. The metal is hard and brittle at most temperatures but becomes malleable between 100 and 150 °C. Above 210 °C, the metal becomes brittle again and can be pulverized by beating. Zinc is a fair conductor of electricity. For a metal, zinc has relatively low melting (419.5 °C) and boiling points (907 °C). Its melting point is the lowest of all the transition metals aside from mercury and cadmium. | Q1: What color is zinc?
A1: bluish-white
Q2: Is iron more dense than zinc?
A2: It is somewhat less dense than iron
Q3: At what temperature does the metal become malleable?
A3: 100 and 150 °C
Q4: At what temperature to zinc become brittle?
A4: 210 °C
Q5: What is the boiling point of zinc?
A5: 907 °C
Q6: In it's pre commercial state, what color is zinc?
A6: bluish-white
Q7: What is the crystalline structure of sync?
A7: hexagonal
Q8: What happens to zinc when it is manipulated to the temperatures between 100 and 150 Celsius?
A8: becomes malleable
Q9: At what temperature can zinc be pulverized?
A9: 210 °C | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in Earth's crust and has five stable isotopes. The most common zinc ore is sphalerite (zinc blende), a zinc sulfide mineral. The largest mineable amounts are found in Australia, Asia, and the United States. Zinc production includes froth flotation of the ore, roasting, and final extraction using electricity (electrowinning). | Q1: What is the symbol for Zinc?
A1: Zn
Q2: What is the atomic number for Zinc?
A2: 30
Q3: What is zinc chemically close to?
A3: magnesium
Q4: What is the oxidation state for zinc?
A4: +2
Q5: How many stable isotopes does zinc have?
A5: five
Q6: What is the symbol for zinc?
A6: Zn
Q7: What is zinc's atomic number?
A7: 30
Q8: What other element on the periodic table is zinc similar to?
A8: magnesium
Q9: What is the most common zinc ore?
A9: sphalerite
Q10: What is used to extract zinc during the production process?
A10: electricity | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea. Enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center are widespread in biochemistry, such as alcohol dehydrogenase in humans. Consumption of excess zinc can cause ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency. | Q1: How many people are affected by zinc deficiency?
A1: two billion
Q2: What can consumption of excess zinc cause?
A2: ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency
Q3: Where can you find enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center?
A3: biochemistry,
Q4: What can a lack of zinc cause in children?
A4: growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea
Q5: What is extremely important to prenatal and postnatal development?
A5: Zinc
Q6: What can cause symptoms in children ranging from diarrhea to retarded growth?
A6: Zinc deficiency
Q7: In what substance can you find a zinc atom within its reactive center?
A7: alcohol dehydrogenase
Q8: What causes symptoms such as lethargy and copper deficiency?
A8: excess zinc | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc is included in most single tablet over-the-counter daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Preparations include zinc oxide, zinc acetate, and zinc gluconate. It is believed to possess antioxidant properties, which may protect against accelerated aging of the skin and muscles of the body; studies differ as to its effectiveness. Zinc also helps speed up the healing process after an injury. It is also suspected of being beneficial to the body's immune system. Indeed, zinc deficiency may have effects on virtually all parts of the human immune system. | Q1: What consumable product is zinc included in?
A1: vitamin and mineral supplements
Q2: What property of zinc is believed to protect against skin aging?
A2: antioxidant
Q3: What is the benefit of zinc after injury?
A3: speed up the healing | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn
5(OH)
6(CO
3)
2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zinc corrodes away. The zinc is applied electrochemically or as molten zinc by hot-dip galvanizing or spraying. Galvanization is used on chain-link fencing, guard rails, suspension bridges, lightposts, metal roofs, heat exchangers, and car bodies. | Q1: What two compounds is zinc more reactive than?
A1: iron or steel
Q2: What forms as zinc corrodes?
A2: protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate
Q3: How is zinc applied?
A3: electrochemically or as molten zinc
Q4: What is used on many common items, such as chain link fences?
A4: Galvanization | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron (13%), and SiO
2 (5%). The composition of this is normally zinc sulfide (80% to 85%), iron sulfide (7.0% to 12%), lead sulfide (3.0% to 5.0%) silica (2.5% to 3.5%), and cadmium sulfide (0.35% to 0.41%). | Q1: What is used to produce the metal zinc?
A1: extractive metallurgy.
Q2: What is froth flotation used for?
A2: get an ore concentrate
Q3: What is the first step in zinc metal production?
A3: grinding the ore
Q4: What percentage of the ore concentrate is zinc?
A4: 50% | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finger's structure by coordinately binding to four amino acids in the transcription factor. The transcription factor wraps around the DNA helix and uses its fingers to accurately bind to the DNA sequence. | Q1: What role does zinc play in fingers, twists and clusters?
A1: structural
Q2: What are proteins that druing replication and transcription of DNA, recognize base DNA?
A2: transcription factors,
Q3: How many amino acids do the Zn2+ ions bind to?
A3: four
Q4: What does the transcription factor wrap around?
A4: DNA helix | Unknown |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene. The [Zn2]2+ ion rapidly disproportionates into zinc metal and zinc(II), and has only been obtained as a yellow glass formed by cooling a solution of metallic zinc in molten ZnCl2. | Q1: What is necessary to stabilize the low oxidation state of zinc(l) compounds?
A1: bulky ligands
Q2: What core do most zinc(l) compounds contain?
A2: [Zn2]2+
Q3: What confirms the dimeric structure of the compound?
A3: diamagnetic nature of the ion
Q4: When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed?
A4: yellow glass | Unknown |