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The_Blitz | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remained only seven squadrons with 87 pilots, under half the required strength. The GL carpet was supported by six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters. By the height of the Blitz, they were becoming more successful. The number of contacts and combats rose in 1941, from 44 and two in 48 sorties in January 1941, to 204 and 74 in May (643 sorties). But even in May, 67% of the sorties were visual cat's-eye missions. Curiously, while 43% of the contacts in May 1941 were by visual sightings, they accounted for 61% of the combats. Yet when compared with Luftwaffe daylight operations, there was a sharp decline in German losses to 1%. If a vigilant bomber crew could spot the fighter first, they had a decent chance at evading it. | Q1: Who replaced Dowding on November 25?
A1: Sholto Douglas
Q2: How many pilots remained in February 1941?
A2: 87 pilots
Q3: What supported the GL carpet?
A3: six GCI sets controlling radar-equipped night-fighters
Q4: How many number of contacts and combats were there in May?
A4: 204 and 74
Q5: What did a bomber crew need to do for a good chance at evasion?
A5: spot the fighter first | History |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead also described religion more technically as "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone." In other words, religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world, helping people to identify their wider meaning and significance. For Whitehead, religion served as a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society. It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people. | Q1: What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion?
A1: "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone."
Q2: What did Whitehead believe religion did with strong emotions?
A2: religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world
Q3: What purpose did Whitehead believe religion served?
A3: a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
Q4: What did Whitehead believe was the job of religion regarding philosophy?
A4: It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people. | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. | Q1: How long did Whitehead and Russell think it would take them to complete Principia Mathematica?
A1: a year
Q2: How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica?
A2: ten years
Q3: How many volumes was Principia Mathematica?
A3: three
Q4: How many pages was Principia Mathematica?
A4: 2,000
Q5: Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica?
A5: Cambridge University Press
Q6: How long did Whitehead and Russell expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica?
A6: a year
Q7: How long did it actually take to complete Principia Mathematica?
A7: ten years
Q8: Why was there a funding shortfall for the publishing of Princpia Mathematica?
A8: the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians)
Q9: Who supplied the funding to cover the shortfall?
A9: 00 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell
Q10: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today?
A10: today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead describes causal efficacy as "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go." It is, in other words, the sense of causal relations between entities, a feeling of being influenced and affected by the surrounding environment, unmediated by the senses. Presentational immediacy, on the other hand, is what is usually referred to as "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation. In other words, it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive (e.g. mistaking an image in a mirror for "the real thing"). | Q1: What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?
A1: causal efficacy
Q2: What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?
A2: Presentational immediacy
Q3: What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing?
A3: Presentational immediacy
Q4: How does Whitehead define causal efficacy?
A4: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."
Q5: How do the senses affect causal efficacy?
A5: unmediated by the senses
Q6: How does Whitehead define presentational immediacy?
A6: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation
Q7: What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?
A7: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter." Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians. | Q1: What is the highest Whitehead was trained in philosophy?
A1: undergraduate
Q2: What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher?
A2: rank amateur
Q3: What is the relationship between Whitehead and Russell?
A3: friend and former student
Q4: What was Whitehead considered as a metaphysician?
A4: one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.
Q5: What was the extent of Whitehead's education in philosophy?
A5: he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education
Q6: With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science?
A6: Bertrand Russell
Q7: What was Whitehead's opinion of his own knowledge of metaphysics in that correspondence?
A7: "This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter."
Q8: How did Whitehead eventually become regarded in the field of metaphysics?
A8: in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead has had some influence on philosophy of business administration and organizational theory. This has led in part to a focus on identifying and investigating the effect of temporal events (as opposed to static things) within organizations through an “organization studies” discourse that accommodates a variety of 'weak' and 'strong' process perspectives from a number of philosophers. One of the leading figures having an explicitly Whiteheadian and panexperientialist stance towards management is Mark Dibben, who works in what he calls "applied process thought" to articulate a philosophy of management and business administration as part of a wider examination of the social sciences through the lens of process metaphysics. For Dibben, this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening." Dibben has published two books on applied process thought, Applied Process Thought I: Initial Explorations in Theory and Research (2008), and Applied Process Thought II: Following a Trail Ablaze (2009), as well as other papers in this vein in the fields of philosophy of management and business ethics. | Q1: What business fields has Whitehead influenced?
A1: philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
Q2: What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?
A2: Mark Dibben
Q3: What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration?
A3: "applied process thought"
Q4: According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science?
A4: this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."
Q5: In what fields has Dibben published two books and other papers?
A5: philosophy of management and business ethics | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them." He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better. In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction. Without such a goal, he sees the rise of life as totally unintelligible. | Q1: Whitehead observes that life is deficient in what?
A1: survival value
Q2: What are higher life forms actively engaged in?
A2: modifying their environment
Q3: How many goals of living is there?
A3: three
Q4: Whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose?
A4: increasing its own satisfaction
Q5: Without Whitehead's proposed purpose, life would be what?
A5: unintelligible
Q6: What observation did Whitehead make about life?
A6: "life is comparatively deficient in survival value."
Q7: What was Whitehead's response to questions about why complex life evolved?
A7: "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
Q8: What did Whitehead state was the biggest indicator of a higher form of life?
A8: they are actively engaged in modifying their environment
Q9: What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?
A9: living, living well, and living better
Q10: What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?
A10: increasing its own satisfaction | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead pointed to the limitations of language as one of the main culprits in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking, and acknowledged that it may be difficult to ever wholly move past such ideas in everyday speech. After all, each moment of each person's life can hardly be given a different proper name, and it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things, rather than constantly keeping in mind that each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago. Yet the limitations of everyday living and everyday speech should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum of particular, concrete processes. No one questions that a ten-year-old person is quite different by the time he or she turns thirty years old, and in many ways is not the same person at all; Whitehead points out that it is not philosophically or ontologically sound to think that a person is the same from one second to the next. | Q1: What did Whitehead believe was a culprit in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking?
A1: limitations of language
Q2: Why couldn't each moment of each person's life be given a different proper name?
A2: limitations of language
Q3: Whitehead's main philosophy on humans changing is what?
A3: each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago
Q4: What did Whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking endured?
A4: limitations of language
Q5: Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking?
A5: it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things
Q6: What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people's understanding of his concepts?
A6: should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum
Q7: What did Whitehead state about the belief that a person is exactly the same from moment to moment?
A7: it is not philosophically or ontologically sound | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another. He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time. On the other hand, he sees God as permanent but as deficient in actuality and change: alone, God is merely eternally unrealized possibilities, and requires the world to actualize them. God gives creatures permanence, while the creatures give God actuality and change. Here it is worthwhile to quote Whitehead at length: | Q1: How does Whitehead view the relationship between God an the world?
A1: Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another
Q2: How does he define entities' need for God?
A2: He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide
Q3: How dis Whitehead believe God provided permanence to entities?
A3: by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time
Q4: In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient?
A4: deficient in actuality and change
Q5: What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?
A5: merely eternally unrealized possibilities | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists and philosophers make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works all the time, but such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned. While Whitehead acknowledged that "philosophers can never hope finally to formulate these metaphysical first principles," he argued that people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress, even if that progress remains permanently asymptotic. For this reason Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy. | Q1: What do philosophers do, in Whitehead's view?
A1: make metaphysical assumptions about how the universe works
Q2: Assumptions of how the universe works are difficult to see precisely because of what?
A2: they remain unexamined and unquestioned
Q3: What did Whitehead ask people to reimagine in order for philosophy to make progress?
A3: basic assumptions about how the universe works
Q4: What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy?
A4: metaphysical investigations
Q5: What quotation of Whitehead's was noted by a student in 1927?
A5: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized."
Q6: What was Whitehead's opinion of basic assumptions in metaphysics?
A6: such assumptions are not easily seen precisely because they remain unexamined and unquestioned
Q7: What did Whitehead feel was necessary regarding basic assumptions in metaphysics?
A7: people need to continually re-imagine their basic assumptions about how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress
Q8: What was Whitehead's opinion of metaphysical investigations?
A8: Whitehead regarded metaphysical investigations as essential to both good science and good philosophy | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead's idea of God differs from traditional monotheistic notions. Perhaps his most famous and pointed criticism of the Christian conception of God is that "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar." Here Whitehead is criticizing Christianity for defining God as primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power. As opposed to the most widely accepted forms of Christianity, Whitehead emphasized an idea of God that he called "the brief Galilean vision of humility": | Q1: What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?
A1: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."
Q2: What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?
A2: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power
Q3: What was Whitehead's description of God?
A3: "the brief Galilean vision of humility" | Philosophy and religion |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whitehead's most complete work on education is the 1929 book The Aims of Education and Other Essays, which collected numerous essays and addresses by Whitehead on the subject published between 1912 and 1927. The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916 when Whitehead was president of the London Branch of the Mathematical Association. In it, he cautioned against the teaching of what he called "inert ideas" – ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture. He opined that "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | Q1: What year was The Aims of Education and Other Essays published?
A1: 1929
Q2: What was the Aims of Education and Other Essays comprised of?
A2: numerous essays and addresses
Q3: What teaching did Whitehead caution against teaching?
A3: inert ideas
Q4: When was "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" published?
A4: 1929
Q5: During what periods of time were the essays and address contained in "The Aims of Education and Other Essays" composed?
A5: between 1912 and 1927
Q6: What is the origin of the title of the book?
A6: The essay from which Aims of Education derived its name was delivered as an address in 1916
Q7: How did Whitehead define "inert ideas"?
A7: ideas that are disconnected scraps of information, with no application to real life or culture
Q8: What was Whitehead's criticism of the use of inert ideas in education?
A8: "education with inert ideas is not only useless: it is, above all things, harmful." | Philosophy and religion |
Namibia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%). | Q1: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?
A1: 4.0 and 7.0%
Q2: What is the language of Namibia?
A2: Afrikaans
Q3: Where do a large minority of whites trace their Namibian roots to?
A3: German settlers
Q4: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?
A4: 526,004
Q5: How much of the population was white in South-West Africa in 1960?
A5: 73,464 | Social sciences and society |
Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court. | Q1: What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?
A1: Republicans
Q2: What party did Brennan belong to?
A2: Democrat
Q3: Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?
A3: Warren
Q4: What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court?
A4: liberal
Q5: Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick?
A5: law-and-order conservatives | History |
Wood | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferred. This is particularly the case in the choice of hickory for handles and spokes. Here not only strength, but toughness and resilience are important. The results of a series of tests on hickory by the U.S. Forest Service show that: | Q1: What term is sometimes used for wood with wide rings?
A1: second-growth
Q2: Do young trees grow more quickly in open stands or in a closed forest?
A2: open stands
Q3: What property is important to manufacturers who use "second-growth" hardwood?
A3: strength
Q4: What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes?
A4: hickory
Q5: What organization tested hickory to find out about its properties?
A5: U.S. Forest Service | Natural sciences |
Arsenal_F.C. | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing. The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954. | Q1: When did Arsenal FC leave Highbury stadium?
A1: May 2006
Q2: When did Arsenal Stadium at Highbury first become the club's home?
A2: September 1913
Q3: What architect designed the original stadium at Highbury?
A3: Archibald Leitch
Q4: In what decade was Arsenal Stadium overhauled?
A4: 1930s
Q5: When was the Arsenal stadium bombed?
A5: Second World War | Sports and recreation |
Hellenistic_period | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Widespread Roman interference in the Greek world was probably inevitable given the general manner of the ascendency of the Roman Republic. This Roman-Greek interaction began as a consequence of the Greek city-states located along the coast of southern Italy. Rome had come to dominate the Italian peninsula, and desired the submission of the Greek cities to its rule. Although they initially resisted, allying themselves with Pyrrhus of Epirus, and defeating the Romans at several battles, the Greek cities were unable to maintain this position and were absorbed by the Roman republic. Shortly afterwards, Rome became involved in Sicily, fighting against the Carthaginians in the First Punic War. The end result was the complete conquest of Sicily, including its previously powerful Greek cities, by the Romans. | Q1: Rome dominated what peninsula?
A1: Italian
Q2: Greek cities were absorbed by what republic?
A2: Roman
Q3: Rome fought against the Carthaginians in what war?
A3: First Punic War
Q4: Sicily was won by whom in the First Punic war?
A4: Romans | History |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Widespread drought in North China, combined with the imperialist designs of European powers and the instability of the Qing government, created conditions that led to the emergence of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, or "Boxers." In 1900, local groups of Boxers proclaiming support for the Qing dynasty murdered foreign missionaries and large numbers of Chinese Christians, then converged on Beijing to besiege the Foreign Legation Quarter. A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies (the Eight-Nation Alliance) then entered China without diplomatic notice, much less permission. Cixi declared war on all of these nations, only to lose control of Beijing after a short, but hard-fought campaign. She fled to Xi'an. The victorious allies drew up scores of demands on the Qing government, including compensation for their expenses in invading China and execution of complicit officials. | Q1: Where was there a drought?
A1: North China
Q2: What was another name for the Boxers?
A2: Righteous and Harmonious Fists
Q3: When did the Boxers begin to kill missionaries and Chinese Christians?
A3: 1900
Q4: Who invaded China?
A4: A coalition of European, Japanese, and Russian armies
Q5: Where did Cixi go after Beijing fell to the 8 armies?
A5: Xi'an | History |
Napoleon | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Widespread rumors of Napoleon's return from St. Helena and Napoleon as an inspiration for patriotism, individual and collective liberties, and political mobilization manifested themselves in seditious materials, displaying the tricolor and rosettes. There were also subversive activities celebrating anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign and disrupting royal celebrations—they demonstrated the prevailing and successful goal of the varied supporters of Napoleon to constantly destabilize the Bourbon regime. | Q1: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?
A1: St. Helena
Q2: Anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign were sometimes celebrated in an effort to disrupt what?
A2: royal celebrations
Q3: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?
A3: the Bourbon regime
Q4: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?
A4: rosettes | History |
Freemasonry | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Widespread segregation in 19th- and early 20th-century North America made it difficult for African-Americans to join Lodges outside of Prince Hall jurisdictions – and impossible for inter-jurisdiction recognition between the parallel U.S. Masonic authorities. By the 1980s, such discrimination was a thing of the past, and today most U.S. Grand Lodges recognise their Prince Hall counterparts, and the authorities of both traditions are working towards full recognition. The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges. While celebrating their heritage as lodges of black Americans, Prince Hall is open to all men regardless of race or religion. | Q1: When did North American Masonic lodges recognize members of the Prince Hall Lodge?
A1: By the 1980s
Q2: Who is the Prince Hall Lodge open to?
A2: Prince Hall is open to all men
Q3: Does the United Grand Lodge of England recognize Prince Hall Lodges?
A3: The United Grand Lodge of England has no problem with recognising Prince Hall Grand Lodges | Unknown |
Buckingham_Palace | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year. | Q1: When year did Prince Albert die?
A1: 1861
Q2: What forced the Queen to return to London?
A2: public opinion
Q3: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?
A3: the palace was seldom used, even neglected.
Q4: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?
A4: Windsor Castle
Q5: When did Prince Albert die?
A5: 1861
Q6: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?
A6: left Buckingham Palace
Q7: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?
A7: Osborne House
Q8: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?
A8: palace was seldom used, even neglected
Q9: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?
A9: Windsor Castle | Art and architecture |
Alfred_North_Whitehead | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus." Whitehead questioned western philosophy's most dearly held assumptions about how the universe works, but in doing so he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | Q1: Which publication is considered the most impressive metaphysical text?
A1: Process and Reality
Q2: Who thought Process and Reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought?
A2: Isabelle Stengers
Q3: What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead?
A3: how the universe works
Q4: What was Whitehead's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century?
A4: scientific and philosophical problems
Q5: What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed?
A5: novel solutions
Q6: How has "Process and Reality" been described?
A6: "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century,"
Q7: What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is not commonly read and understood?
A7: it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus."
Q8: What effect did Whitehead have on the future of metaphysics?
A8: he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions. | Philosophy and religion |
Guam | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats. | Q1: What plagues the Guam dry season?
A1: Wildfires
Q2: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?
A2: man
Q3: What causes water quality problems in Guam?
A3: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River | Geography and places |
Pain | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wilhelm Erb's (1874) "intensive" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intensity stimuli. At the peripheral end of the nociceptor, noxious stimuli generate currents that, above a given threshold, begin to send signals along the nerve fiber to the spinal cord. The "specificity" (whether it responds to thermal, chemical or mechanical features of its environment) of a nociceptor is determined by which ion channels it expresses at its peripheral end. Dozens of different types of nociceptor ion channels have so far been identified, and their exact functions are still being determined. | Q1: What type of signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor?
A1: pain
Q2: What types of stimuli can't some sensory fibers differentiate between?
A2: noxious and non-noxious
Q3: What type of stimuli do nociceptors response to?
A3: noxious, high intensity
Q4: What does stimuli generate to send signals along a nerve fiber?
A4: currents
Q5: How many different types of ion channels have so far been identified?
A5: Dozens | Language and literature |
Zinc | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony built a different kind of horizontal zinc smelter in Belgium, which processed even more zinc. Italian doctor Luigi Galvani discovered in 1780 that connecting the spinal cord of a freshly dissected frog to an iron rail attached by a brass hook caused the frog's leg to twitch. He incorrectly thought he had discovered an ability of nerves and muscles to create electricity and called the effect "animal electricity". The galvanic cell and the process of galvanization were both named for Luigi Galvani and these discoveries paved the way for electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection. | Q1: Who first patented the process that creates an oxide usable in the retort process?
A1: William Champion's brother, John,
Q2: Before John Champion, what was the only element used to produce zinc?
A2: calamine
Q3: Who built the first horizontal retort smelter?
A3: Johann Christian Ruberg
Q4: What did Galvani name the effect he created of causing the frogs legs to twitch?
A4: animal electricity
Q5: The discoveries made by Galvani lead to what three important things?
A5: electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection. | Unknown |
Imperial_College_London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution. His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development". It is considered the highest honour given in the industrial chemical industry. | Q1: Who discovered the first synthetic dye?
A1: William Henry Perkin
Q2: What did the scientist who discovered the dye do after discovering it?
A2: resigned his position
Q3: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered?
A3: mauveine
Q4: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?
A4: second chemical revolution
Q5: Which award is named after the discoverer of the dye?
A5: Perkin Medal | History |
Seven_Years%27_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | William Pitt, who entered the cabinet in 1756, had a grand vision for the war that made it entirely different from previous wars with France. As prime minister Pitt committed Britain to a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire, especially its possessions in North America and India. Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy, which could control the seas and bring as many invasion troops as were needed. He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies, working under the command of British regulars, to invade new France. In order to tie the French army down he subsidized his European allies. Pitt Head of the government from 1756 to 1761, and even after that the British continued his strategy. It proved completely successful. Pitt had a clear appreciation of the enormous value of imperial possessions, and realized how vulnerable was the French Empire. | Q1: What was the grand strategy of prime minister William Pitt?
A1: a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire
Q2: What locations did Pitt want from France?
A2: North America and India
Q3: What was Pitt's primary military advantage?
A3: Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy
Q4: How did Pitt plan to augment the British regular troops?
A4: He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies
Q5: How did Pitt's strategy affect Britain's future plans?
A5: even after that the British continued his strategy | History |
null | null | null | null | Unknown |
Classical_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wind instruments became more refined in the Classical era. While double reeded instruments like the oboe and bassoon became somewhat standardized in the Baroque, the clarinet family of single reeds was not widely used until Mozart expanded its role in orchestral, chamber, and concerto settings. | Q1: What type of instrument became more refined during the classical era?
A1: Wind
Q2: What is the single reed family called?
A2: the clarinet family
Q3: What type of instrument was somewhat standardized int eh Baroque era?
A3: double reeded
Q4: Who expanded the single reeds role?
A4: Mozart | Music |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for mobile broadband; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a SIM card and automatically configure connection settings (including APNs and carrier branding), and reduce its internet usage in order to conserve bandwidth on metered networks. Windows 8 also adds an integrated airplane mode setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile. | Q1: What does airplone mode do?
A1: disable all wireless connectivity
Q2: Where can Carrier account management systems be found?
A2: Windows Store apps
Q3: What registers the insertion of a SIM card?
A3: the operating system
Q4: What are some connection settings in Windows 8?
A4: APNs and carrier branding | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "everywhere on every kind of device without compromise." Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store. | Q1: When did Microsoft start creating Windows 8?
A1: before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009
Q2: Who is Windows division president?
A2: Steven Sinofsky
Q3: Who is Microsofts CEO?
A3: Steve Ballmer
Q4: Where were the Windows 8 plans initially announced?
A4: Consumer Electronics Show
Q5: What is jupiter?
A5: new application framework for Windows 8 | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS. In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell based on Microsoft's "Metro" design language, the Start screen (which displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles), a new platform for developing apps with an emphasis on touchscreen input, integration with online services (including the ability to sync apps and settings between devices), and Windows Store, an online store for downloading and purchasing new software. Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format hard drives, near field communications, and cloud computing. Additional security features were introduced, such as built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot on supported devices with UEFI firmware, to prevent malware from infecting the boot process. | Q1: Who are Windows main operating system competitors?
A1: Android and iOS
Q2: What new security features does Windows 8 have?
A2: built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot
Q3: What USB version is Windows 8 compatible with?
A3: 3.0
Q4: What can be found on the Start screen?
A4: displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles
Q5: What services does the Windows Store provide?
A5: an online store for downloading and purchasing new software | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. Apps can provide toast notifications on screen or animate their tiles on the Start screen with dynamic content. Apps can use "contracts"; a collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, including search and sharing. Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, Skype, and People service), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr. | Q1: Who is Jensen Harris?
A1: Microsoft developer
Q2: What apps can one expect the People app to match with?
A2: Facebook, Skype, and People service
Q3: What apps can one expect the Photos app to match with?
A3: Facebook and Flickr
Q4: What makes Windows Store apps unique?
A4: apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications.
Q5: What are contracts?
A5: collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's user interface, many of which are aimed at improving its experience on tablet computers and other touchscreen devices. The new user interface is based on Microsoft's Metro design language, and uses a Start screen similar to that of Windows Phone 7 as the primary means of launching applications. The Start screen displays a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs, some of which can display constantly updated information and content through "live tiles". As a form of multi-tasking, apps can be snapped to the side of a screen. Alongside the traditional Control Panel, a new simplified and touch-optimized settings app known as "PC Settings" is used for basic configuration and user settings. It does not include many of the advanced options still accessible from the normal Control Panel. | Q1: What is found on the Start Screen?
A1: a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs
Q2: What do live tiles do?
A2: display constantly updated information and content
Q3: What is the primary function of the PC Settings app?
A3: used for basic configuration and user settings
Q4: Where can advanced settings options be found?
A4: Control Panel
Q5: What is the new System User interface built on?
A5: Microsoft's Metro design language | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments. For example, Pro added BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on. Users of Windows 8 can purchase a "Pro Pack" license that upgrades their system to Windows 8 Pro through Add features to Windows. This license also includes Windows Media Center. Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. A port of Windows 8 for ARM architecture, Windows RT, is marketed as an edition of Windows 8, but was only included as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it. | Q1: How many Windows 8 editions are there?
A1: three
Q2: What extras does Windows 8 Pro have?
A2: BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on
Q3: What extras do Windows 8 Enterprise have?
A3: features aimed towards business environments
Q4: How would one get Windows RT?
A4: as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, which can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage service, which also allows apps to save files directly to SkyDrive. A SkyDrive client for the desktop and File Explorer is not included in Windows 8, and must be downloaded separately. Bundled multimedia apps are provided under the Xbox brand, including Xbox Music, Xbox Video, and the Xbox SmartGlass companion for use with an Xbox 360 console. Games can integrate into an Xbox Live hub app, which also allows users to view their profile and gamerscore. Other bundled apps provide the ability to link Flickr and Facebook. Due to Facebook Connect service changes, Facebook support is disabled in all bundled apps effective June 8, 2015. | Q1: What is SkyDrive?
A1: cloud storage service
Q2: What features does Xbox Live hub offer?
A2: allows users to view their profile and gamerscore
Q3: When was Facebook support turned off?
A3: June 8, 2015
Q4: What Xbox apps were bundled together?
A4: Xbox Music, Xbox Video, and the Xbox SmartGlass
Q5: What service options does Windows online now offer?
A5: can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices. | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 supports a feature of the UEFI specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as bootkits from infecting the device's boot process. Some pre-built devices may be described as "certified" by Microsoft; these must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature. ARM-based Windows RT devices must have secure boot permanently enabled. | Q1: How does secure boot help avert boot process infections?
A1: uses a public-key infrastructure to verify the integrity of the operating system
Q2: What requirements do Microsoft certified devices have?
A2: must have secure boot enabled by default, and provide ways for users to disable or re-configure the feature
Q3: What must always be enable in ARM-based Windows RT devices?
A3: secure boot | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted "a shortage of top tier apps" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone). | Q1: What percent of tablets were running Windows in Q1 2013/
A1: 7.4
Q2: What was Androids market share in 2013?
A2: 43.4%
Q3: What was teh iOS market share in 2013?
A3: 48.2%
Q4: What does Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?
A4: top tier apps
Q5: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?
A5: July 2013 | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free. | Q1: During it's launch how much was a Windows 8 upgrade?
A1: $39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box
Q2: What is the Windows 8 price?
A2: $119.99
Q3: What is the Windows 8 Pro price?
A3: $199.99
Q4: Which PC owners could purchase a Windows 8 Pro uprgrade for $14.99?
A4: PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate
Q5: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 8 promotion?
A5: free | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (especially when used with a keyboard and mouse instead of a touchscreen). Despite these shortcomings, 60 million Windows 8 licenses have been sold through January 2013, a number which included both upgrades and sales to OEMs for new PCs. | Q1: What about Windows 8 was well received?
A1: its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices
Q2: What were the perceived problems with the new Windows 8 user interface?
A2: being potentially confusing and difficult to learn
Q3: How many Windows 8 licenses were purchased by January 2013?
A3: 60 million | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows Explorer, which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ribbon in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files. A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device, while Storage Spaces allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis. | Q1: What replaced the Windows Explorer comman bar?
A1: a ribbon
Q2: What is the new name of Windows Explorer?
A2: File Explorer
Q3: What did the update of operation dalog boxes help with?
A3: provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files
Q4: What does file history make possible?
A4: allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of Office 2013), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture. Windows RT does not support running IA-32 or x64 applications. Windows Store apps can either support both the x86 and ARM architectures, or compiled to support a specific architecture. | Q1: What Windows version is compatible with ARM processors?
A1: Windows RT
Q2: What apps work on Windows RT?
A2: only supports applications included with the system
Q3: Why does Windows RT only work with apps included with the system?
A3: to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture | Engineering and technology |
Windows_8 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows, otherwise they are not binary code compatible. Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages. To ensure stability and security, apps run within a sandboxed environment, and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera. | Q1: What programming languages does Windows Runtime work with?
A1: C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript
Q2: What makes Windows apps binary code compatible?
A2: If written in some "high-level" languages
Q3: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make possible?
A3: permitting consumption by all compatible languages
Q4: What kind of environment provides Windows apps extra security?
A4: sandboxed environment | Engineering and technology |
Georgian_architecture | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. | Q1: What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?
A1: window tax
Q2: When was the sash window developed?
A2: the 1670s
Q3: What plans became universal inside larger houses?
A3: Corridor plans
Q4: What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?
A4: the internal plan and function of the rooms
Q5: What aspect of windows generally varied between floors?
A5: Their height | Art and architecture |
Roman_Republic | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wine was considered the basic drink, consumed at all meals and occasions by all classes and was quite inexpensive. Cato the Elder once advised cutting his rations in half to conserve wine for the workforce. Many types of drinks involving grapes and honey were consumed as well. Drinking on an empty stomach was regarded as boorish and a sure sign for alcoholism, the debilitating physical and psychological effects of which were known to the Romans. An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic was an effective way to discredit political rivals. Prominent Roman alcoholics included Mark Antony, and Cicero's own son Marcus (Cicero Minor). Even Cato the Younger was known to be a heavy drinker.[citation needed] | Q1: What beverage was consumed by all the classes in the Roman Republic?
A1: Wine
Q2: What was considered a compelling way to defame poltical rivals?
A2: An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic
Q3: During what meals was wine commonly drank?
A3: all meals
Q4: What was considered an indication of alcoholism in the Roman Republic?
A4: Drinking on an empty stomach | History |
FA_Cup | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for European football and a place in the FA Community Shield match. Arsenal are the current holders, having beaten Aston Villa 4–0 in the 2015 final to win the cup for the second year in a row. It was their 12th FA Cup title overall, making Arsenal the FA Cup's most successful club ahead of Manchester United on 11. | Q1: What do winners receive?
A1: the FA Cup trophy
Q2: How many FA cup designs have there been?
A2: two
Q3: How many FA cups have there been?
A3: five actual cups
Q4: When was the latest design intoduced?
A4: 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911 | Sports and recreation |
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946. The new ministry was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed a seat in the Cabinet. The three existing service Ministers—the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air—remained in direct operational control of their respective services, but ceased to attend Cabinet. | Q1: Who created the office of Minister of Defence?
A1: Winston Churchill
Q2: When was the Ministry of Defence Act introduced?
A2: 1946
Q3: When did Winstron Churchill form his government?
A3: 1940
Q4: The new ministry, according to the Act of 1946, was headed by a Minister of Defence who possessed what?
A4: a seat in the Cabinet
Q5: Who stopped attending Cabinet with the passage of the Ministry of Defence Act of 1946?
A5: the Secretary of State for War, the First Lord of the Admiralty, and the Secretary of State for Air | Warfare |
Crimean_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Winter, and a deteriorating supply situation on both sides of troops and materiel, led to a halt in ground operations. Sevastopol remained invested by the allies, while the allied armies were hemmed in by the Russian army in the interior. On 14 November a storm sank thirty allied transport ships including HMS Prince which was carrying a cargo of winter clothing.:435 The storm and heavy traffic caused the road from the coast to the troops to disintegrate into a quagmire, requiring engineers to devote most of their time to its repair including quarrying stone. A tramroad was ordered. It arrived in January with a civilian engineering crew, however it was March before it was sufficiently advanced to be of any appreciable value.:439 An Electrical telegraph was also ordered, but the frozen ground delayed its installation until March, when communications from the base port of Balaklava to the British HQ was established. The Pipe-and-cable-laying plough failed because of the hard frozen soil, but even so 21 miles of cable were laid.:449 | Q1: What stopped ground operations during the winter?
A1: a deteriorating supply situation
Q2: What caused the HMS Prince to sink?
A2: a storm
Q3: What was the HMS Prince carrying when it sunk?
A3: a cargo of winter clothing
Q4: What arrived in January with an engineering crew?
A4: A tramroad
Q5: What caused the electrical telegraph to be delayed for some time?
A5: the frozen ground | History |
New_York_City | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Winters are cold and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachians keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 32.6 °F (0.3 °C); however, temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter, and reach 50 °F (10 °C) several days each winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from chilly to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically warm to hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 76.5 °F (24.7 °C) in July and an average humidity level of 72%. Nighttime conditions are often exacerbated by the urban heat island phenomenon, while daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C). In the warmer months, the dew point, a measure of atmospheric moisture, ranges from 57.3 °F (14.1 °C) in June to 62.0 °F (16.7 °C) in August. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −15 °F (−26 °C), recorded on February 9, 1934, up to 106 °F (41 °C) on July 9, 1936. | Q1: What mountains serve as a barrier to keep New York City comparatively warmer in the winter?
A1: Appalachians
Q2: What is New York City's daily January mean temperature in degrees celsius?
A2: 0.3
Q3: What is the average humidity in July as a percentage?
A3: 72%
Q4: On average, how often do New York temperatures exceed 90 degrees Fahrenheit each year?
A4: 17
Q5: On what date did New York record its highest temperature ever?
A5: July 9, 1936
Q6: What is the highest temperature recorded in NYC?
A6: 106
Q7: When was the lowest temperature recorded in NYC?
A7: 1934
Q8: The highest temperature ever recorded in NYC was in what year?
A8: 1936 | Geography and places |
Tucson,_Arizona | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Winters in Tucson are mild relative to other parts of the United States. Daytime highs in the winter range between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C), with overnight lows between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C). Tucson typically averages one hard freeze per winter season, with temperatures dipping to the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C), but this is typically limited to only a very few nights. Although rare, snow has been known to fall in Tucson, usually a light dusting that melts within a day. The most recent snowfall was on February 20, 2013 when 2.0 inches of snow blanketed the city, the largest snowfall since 1987. | Q1: What are Tucson's typical winter high temperatures?
A1: between 64 and 75 °F (18 and 24 °C)
Q2: What are Tucson's typical winter low temperatures?
A2: between 30 and 44 °F (−1 and 7 °C)
Q3: What do Tucson's hard freeze temperatures dip to?
A3: the mid or low-20s (−7 to −4 °C)
Q4: How much snow did Tucson get on Feb 20, 2013?
A4: 2.0 inches
Q5: When had Tucson last had as much snow as 2013?
A5: 1987 | Geography and places |
Adolescence | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | Wisdom, or the capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience, increases between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five, then levels off. Thus, it is during the adolescence-adulthood transition that individuals acquire the type of wisdom that is associated with age. Wisdom is not the same as intelligence: adolescents do not improve substantially on IQ tests since their scores are relative to others in their same age group, and relative standing usually does not change—everyone matures at approximately the same rate in this way. | Q1: How is wisdom defined?
A1: capacity for insight and judgment that is developed through experience
Q2: Wisdom increases between age fourteen and what?
A2: twenty-five
Q3: Is wisdom the same thing as intelligence?
A3: not
Q4: Do adolescents perform significantly better on IQ tests than other age groups?
A4: not
Q5: What word is defined as the capacity for insight and judgement that is developed through experience?
A5: Wisdom | Natural sciences |
Comcast | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With $18.8 million spent in 2013, Comcast has the seventh largest lobbying budget of any individual company or organization in the United States. Comcast employs multiple former US Congressmen as lobbyists. The National Cable & Telecommunications Association, which has multiple Comcast executives on its board, also represents Comcast and other cable companies as the fifth largest lobbying organization in the United States, spending $19.8 million in 2013. Comcast was among the top backers of Barack Obama's presidential runs, with Comcast vice president David Cohen raising over $2.2 million from 2007 to 2012. Cohen has been described by many sources as influential in the US government, though he is no longer a registered lobbyist, as the time he spends lobbying falls short of the 20% which requires official registration. Comcast's PAC, the Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee, is the among the largest PACs in the US, raising about $3.7 million from 2011-2012 for the campaigns of various candidates for office in the United States Federal Government. Comcast is also a major backer of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association Political Action Committee, which raised $2.6 million from 2011-2012. Comcast spent the most money of any organization in support of the Stop Online Piracy and PROTECT IP bills, spending roughly $5 million to lobby for their passage. | Q1: What was Comcast's lobbying budget in 2013?
A1: $18.8 million
Q2: Where did this lobbying budget place the company among all entities in the country?
A2: seventh largest
Q3: What is the name of the industry association that represents all cable companies in Washington?
A3: The National Cable & Telecommunications Association
Q4: What is the name of Comcast's affiliated political action committee?
A4: Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee
Q5: How much did this PAC raise for candidates in US elections from 2011 through 2012?
A5: $3.7 million | Geography and places |
London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With 120,000 students in London, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK. It includes four large multi-faculty universities – King's College London, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway and UCL – and a number of smaller and more specialised institutions including Birkbeck, the Courtauld Institute of Art, Goldsmiths, Guildhall School of Music and Drama, the Institute of Education, the London Business School, the London School of Economics, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Academy of Music, the Central School of Speech and Drama, the Royal Veterinary College and the School of Oriental and African Studies. Members of the University of London have their own admissions procedures, and some award their own degrees. | Q1: What school within the University of London would a student seeking a degree in the veterinary medicine likely attend?
A1: the Royal Veterinary College
Q2: What major university is comprised of four multi-faculty universities and several schools specialized schools?
A2: University of London
Q3: From what school in London would a student receive an MBA?
A3: the London Business School
Q4: What is the average student population at the University of London?
A4: 120,000 | Geography and places |
Oklahoma_City | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With 19.48 inches of rainfall, May 2015 was by far Oklahoma City's record-wettest month since record keeping began in 1890. Across Oklahoma and Texas generally, there was record flooding in the latter part of the month | Q1: When was the most rainfall for Oklahoma city?
A1: May 2015 | Geography and places |
Oklahoma | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2). | Q1: How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?
A1: 39,000 acres
Q2: What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?
A2: north-central
Q3: The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest protected tallgrass prairie in what area?
A3: the world
Q4: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?
A4: 14
Q5: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?
A5: nine | Geography and places |
Myanmar | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817). It was the second-largest empire in Burmese history but also one with a long ill-defined border with British India. | Q1: What was the event called that caused Ayutthaya to reclaim lost territories ?
A1: the Chinese threat
Q2: In what year did Ayutthaya capture Lan Na ?
A2: 1776.
Q3: What country was Burma at war with with until 1855 ?
A3: Arakan
Q4: Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan
A4: King Bodawpaya | Geography and places |
Ottoman_Empire | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the imperial ambition of recovering its lost territories, joining in World War I to achieve this ambition on the side of Germany and the Central Powers. While the Empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it was struggling with internal dissent, especially with the Arab Revolt in its Arabian holdings. Starting before the war, but growing increasingly common and violent during it, major atrocities were committed by the Ottoman government against the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks. The Empire's defeat and the occupation of part of its territory by the Allied Powers in the aftermath of World War I resulted in the emergence of a new state, Turkey, in the Ottoman Anatolian heartland following the Turkish War of Independence, as well as the founding of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. | Q1: What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?
A1: Constantinople
Q2: What Ottoman empire controlled lands contributed to the centre of transactions between East and West ?
A2: lands around the Mediterranean basin
Q3: When did the Ottoman empire decline?
A3: into the late nineteenth century
Q4: What nation did the Ottoman empire align with in the 20th century?
A4: Germany
Q5: What led to the decline of the Ottoman empire?
A5: military setbacks against European powers | History |
Roman_Republic | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Egypt and Macedonia weakened, the Seleucid Empire made increasingly aggressive and successful attempts to conquer the entire Greek world. Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids. The situation was made worse by the fact that Hannibal was now a chief military advisor to the Seleucid emperor, and the two were believed to be planning an outright conquest not just of Greece, but of Rome itself. The Seleucids were much stronger than the Macedonians had ever been, because they controlled much of the former Persian Empire, and by now had almost entirely reassembled Alexander the Great's former empire. | Q1: Who had now been appointed as a military advisor to the emperor of Seleucid?
A1: Hannibal
Q2: What was thought to be the plan of Hannibal and the emperor of Seleucid?
A2: an outright conquest not just of Greece, but of Rome itself
Q3: Which empire currently controlled the majority of the former Persian Empire?
A3: Seleucids
Q4: Who had managed to recreate nearly the entirety of the empire of Alexander the Great?
A4: Seleucids
Q5: Which former enemy wanted an alliance with the Romans?
A5: Philip | History |
Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Eisenhower's leadership and Dulles' direction, CIA activities increased under the pretense of resisting the spread of communism in poorer countries; the CIA in part deposed the leaders of Iran in Operation Ajax, of Guatemala through Operation Pbsuccess, and possibly the newly independent Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville). In 1954 Eisenhower wanted to increase surveillance inside the Soviet Union. With Dulles' recommendation, he authorized the deployment of thirty Lockheed U-2's at a cost of $35 million. The Eisenhower administration also planned the Bay of Pigs Invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba, which John F. Kennedy was left to carry out." | Q1: Who was the director of the CIA?
A1: Dulles
Q2: What was the code name of the overthrow of the Iranian government?
A2: Operation Ajax
Q3: What CIA operation toppled the Guatemalan government?
A3: Pbsuccess
Q4: What company made the U-2?
A4: Lockheed
Q5: Under what president did the Bay of Pigs Invasion take place?
A5: John F. Kennedy | History |
Elizabeth_II | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Elizabeth's accession, it seemed probable that the royal house would bear her husband's name, becoming the House of Mountbatten, in line with the custom of a wife taking her husband's surname on marriage. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, and Elizabeth's grandmother, Queen Mary, favoured the retention of the House of Windsor, and so on 9 April 1952 Elizabeth issued a declaration that Windsor would continue to be the name of the royal house. The Duke complained, "I am the only man in the country not allowed to give his name to his own children." In 1960, after the death of Queen Mary in 1953 and the resignation of Churchill in 1955, the surname Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for Philip and Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not carry royal titles. | Q1: What name was it assumed Elizabeth would take upon her marriage to Philip?
A1: Mountbatten,
Q2: What Prime Minister objected to the name change?
A2: Winston Churchill
Q3: What name did Elizabeth keep as her married name?
A3: House of Windsor
Q4: What name was adopted for Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not have royal titles?
A4: Mountbatten-Windsor
Q5: When did Elizabeth decree the use of Mountbatten-Windsor as the surname?
A5: 1960 | History |
British_Empire | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With French, Belgian and Portuguese activity in the lower Congo River region undermining orderly incursion of tropical Africa, the Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was held to regulate the competition between the European powers in what was called the "Scramble for Africa" by defining "effective occupation" as the criterion for international recognition of territorial claims. The scramble continued into the 1890s, and caused Britain to reconsider its decision in 1885 to withdraw from Sudan. A joint force of British and Egyptian troops defeated the Mahdist Army in 1896, and rebuffed a French attempted invasion at Fashoda in 1898. Sudan was nominally made an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, but a British colony in reality. | Q1: Where did France try to invade in 1898?
A1: Fashoda
Q2: What army did Britain and Egypt defeat together?
A2: Mahdist
Q3: When did Britain withdraw from Sudan?
A3: 1885
Q4: What was the period of European empires competing to control Africa called?
A4: the "Scramble for Africa"
Q5: Where was a conference held in 1884 to regulate European competition for Africa?
A5: Berlin | History |
Pacific_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Japanese and Allied forces occupying various parts of the island, over the following six months both sides poured resources into an escalating battle of attrition on land, at sea, and in the sky. Most of the Japanese aircraft based in the South Pacific were redeployed to the defense of Guadalcanal. Many were lost in numerous engagements with the Allied air forces based at Henderson Field as well as carrier based aircraft. Meanwhile, Japanese ground forces launched repeated attacks on heavily defended US positions around Henderson Field, in which they suffered appalling casualties. To sustain these offensives, resupply was carried out by Japanese convoys, termed the "Tokyo Express" by the Allies. The convoys often faced night battles with enemy naval forces in which they expended destroyers that the IJN could ill-afford to lose. Later fleet battles involving heavier ships and even daytime carrier battles resulted in a stretch of water near Guadalcanal becoming known as "Ironbottom Sound" from the multitude of ships sunk on both sides. However, the Allies were much better able to replace these losses. Finally recognizing that the campaign to recapture Henderson Field and secure Guadalcanal had simply become too costly to continue, the Japanese evacuated the island and withdrew in February 1943. In the sixth month war of attrition, the Japanese had lost as a result of failing to commit enough forces in sufficient time. | Q1: Where were most of the Japanese aircraft in the South Pacific redeployed to defend?
A1: Guadalcanal
Q2: Where did Japanese ground attack repeatedly?forces
A2: Henderson Field
Q3: What did the Allies call the Japanese convoys supplying the ground forces attacking Henderson Field?
A3: "Tokyo Express"
Q4: What was the reason for the name "Ironbottom Sound" of the water stretches new Guadalcanal?
A4: the multitude of ships sunk
Q5: When did the Japanese give up trying to recapture Henderson Field?
A5: February 1943 | History |
Korean_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the "Chinese New Year's Offensive") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951. | Q1: What is the Third Phase Offensive also known as?
A1: Chinese New Year's Offensive
Q2: Why goals were accomplished the the KPA and PVA's use gongs during these attacks?
A2: facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy
Q3: How did some UN troops react to the use of noise?
A3: some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south
Q4: What did the PVA and KPA gain by using the tactics during the Third Phase Offensive
A4: Seoul
Q5: Who was commanding the U.S. Eight Army at the time of the Third Phase Offensive?
A5: Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway | Warfare |
Heian_period | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Yoritomo firmly established, the bakufu system that would govern Japan for the next seven centuries was in place. He appointed military governors, or daimyos, to rule over the provinces, and stewards, or jito to supervise public and private estates. Yoritomo then turned his attention to the elimination of the powerful Fujiwara family, which sheltered his rebellious brother Yoshitsune. Three years later, he was appointed shogun in Kyoto. One year before his death in 1199, Yoritomo expelled the teenage emperor Go-Toba from the throne. Two of Go-Toba's sons succeeded him, but they would also be removed by Yoritomo's successors to the shogunate. | Q1: What was the term used to describe military governors?
A1: daimyos
Q2: What was the term used to describe supervisors of estates?
A2: jito
Q3: What was the name of the emperor that Yoritomo removed from the throne?
A3: Go-Toba | History |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With Zaifeng gone, Yuan Shikai and his Beiyang commanders effectively dominated Qing politics. He reasoned that going to war would be unreasonable and costly, especially when noting that the Qing government had a goal for constitutional monarchy. Similarly, Sun Yat-sen's government wanted a republican constitutional reform, both aiming for the benefit of China's economy and populace. With permission from Empress Dowager Longyu, Yuan Shikai began negotiating with Sun Yat-sen, who decided that his goal had been achieved in forming a republic, and that therefore he could allow Yuan to step into the position of President of the Republic of China. | Q1: Who led the Qing?
A1: Yuan Shikai
Q2: Who negotiated with Yuan Shikai to prevent war?
A2: Sun Yat-sen
Q3: Who led the Republic of China?
A3: Sun Yat-sen,
Q4: Who became the President?
A4: Yuan | History |
Hanover | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With a population of 518,000, Hanover is a major centre of Northern Germany and the country's thirteenth largest city. Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest Hannover, the second largest Oktoberfest in the world (beside Oktoberfest of Blumenau). In 2000, Hanover hosted the world fair Expo 2000. The Hanover fairground, due to numerous extensions, especially for the Expo 2000, is the largest in the world. Hanover is of national importance because of its universities and medical school, its international airport and its large zoo. The city is also a major crossing point of railway lines and highways (Autobahnen), connecting European main lines in both the east-west (Berlin–Ruhr area) and north-south (Hamburg–Munich, etc.) directions. | Q1: What is Hanover's population?
A1: 518,000
Q2: What is Hanover's ranking in terms of size in Germany?
A2: thirteenth largest
Q3: What is the largest Oktoberfest in the world?
A3: Oktoberfest of Blumenau
Q4: In which year did Hanover host the Expo?
A4: 2000
Q5: What is "highways" in German?
A5: Autobahnen | History |
Montana | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With a total area of 147,040 square miles (380,800 km2), Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California; the largest landlocked U.S. state; and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile (877 km) border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south and Idaho to the west and southwest. | Q1: What is the total area of Montana?
A1: 147,040 square miles
Q2: What state does Montana border to the south?
A2: Wyoming
Q3: What state does it border to the west?
A3: Idaho | Geography and places |
New_Delhi | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With a total area of 42.7 km2 (16.5 sq mi), New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area. Because the city is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, there is little difference in elevation across the city. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravalli Range; all that is left of those mountains is the Delhi Ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. While New Delhi lies on the floodplains of the Yamuna River, it is essentially a landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes. | Q1: What is the total area of New Delhi in square miles?
A1: 16.5 sq mi
Q2: On what plain is New Delhi located?
A2: the Indo-Gangetic Plain
Q3: The Delhi Ridge is also referred to by what name?
A3: the Lungs of Delhi
Q4: New Delhi is located on the floodplains of what river?
A4: Yamuna River
Q5: What seismic zone does New Delhi fall under?
A5: seismic zone-IV | Geography and places |
Antibiotics | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are still isolated from living organisms are the aminoglycosides, whereas other antibacterials—for example, the sulfonamides, the quinolones, and the oxazolidinones—are produced solely by chemical synthesis. Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.[citation needed] | Q1: Besides semisytetic modifications, what advances in medicinal chemistry regarding antibacterials?
A1: various natural compounds
Q2: What is the molecular weight loss of antibacterial compounds?
A2: 2000 atomic mass units
Q3: What is included in the beta-lactam antibiotics?
A3: penicillins
Q4: What is penicillins produced by?
A4: fungi
Q5: What are antibiotics in chemical terms?
A5: semisynthetic modifications
Q6: What type of antibiotics include penicilin?
A6: beta-lactam antibiotics
Q7: What are the type of antibiotics which are taken from still living things?
A7: aminoglycosides
Q8: How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created?
A8: synthesis | History |
Greece | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With an economy larger than all the Balkan economies combined, Greece is the largest economy in the Balkans, and an important regional investor. Greece is the number-two foreign investor of capital in Albania, the number-three foreign investor in Bulgaria, at the top-three of foreign investors in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor of the Republic of Macedonia. Greek banks open a new branch somewhere in the Balkans on an almost weekly basis. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in Yugoslavia and other Balkan countries. | Q1: Greece's economy is what size?
A1: larger than all the Balkan economies combined
Q2: What rank does Greece hold as an Albania investor?
A2: number-two
Q3: What rank does Greece hold as an Bulgaria investor?
A3: number-three
Q4: Greece is the largest foreign investor of what area?
A4: Republic of Macedonia
Q5: OTE is known as what?
A5: Greek telecommunications company | Geography and places |
Oklahoma | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year. Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation, though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd. | Q1: How many students were in Oklahoma's public schools in 2008?
A1: 638,817
Q2: How many school districts are in Oklahoma?
A2: 533
Q3: How many Native American students are in Oklahoma's public schools?
A3: 126,078
Q4: What does Oklahoma spend per student in public schools as of 2008?
A4: $7,755
Q5: How many public schools does Oklahoma have?
A5: 1,845 | Geography and places |
San_Diego | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego is the birthplace of California and is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the United States Navy and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. | Q1: Which city in Mexico does San Diego border?
A1: Tijuana
Q2: Of all military branches, which one has the strongest presence in San Diego?
A2: United States Navy
Q3: Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego?
A3: biotechnology development
Q4: Of the top 10 largest cities in the country, which place does San Diego rank?
A4: eighth
Q5: What is unique about San Diego's harbors?
A5: deep-water | Geography and places |
Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With characteristic energy he set to work to re-establish the somewhat shattered fortunes of the orthodox party and to purge the theological atmosphere of uncertainty. To clear up the misunderstandings that had arisen in the course of the previous years, an attempt was made to determine still further the significance of the Nicene formularies. In the meanwhile, Julian, who seems to have become suddenly jealous of the influence that Athanasius was exercising at Alexandria, addressed an order to Ecdicius, the Prefect of Egypt, peremptorily commanding the expulsion of the restored primate, on the ground that he had never been included in the imperial act of clemency. The edict was communicated to the bishop by Pythicodorus Trico, who, though described in the "Chronicon Athanasianum" (XXXV) as a "philosopher", seems to have behaved with brutal insolence. On 23 October the people gathered about the proscribed bishop to protest against the emperor's decree; but Athanasius urged them to submit, consoling them with the promise that his absence would be of short duration. | Q1: Who was jealous of Athanasius's influence?
A1: Julian
Q2: What position did Ecdicius hold?
A2: Prefect of Egypt
Q3: What did Julian try to do to Athanasius?
A3: expulsion
Q4: Did Athanasius tell the people to protest?
A4: urged them to submit
Q5: Did he think he would be gone a long time?
A5: short duration | Philosophy and religion |
Great_power | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional conception of Europe's world role as a global "civilian power", exercising collective influence in the functional spheres of trade and diplomacy, as an alternative to military dominance. The European Union is a supranational union and not a sovereign state, and has limited scope in the areas of foreign affairs and defence policy. These remain largely with the member states of the European Union, which include the three great powers of France, Germany and the United Kingdom (referred to as the "EU three"). | Q1: What organization is often seen as a great power in addition to member counties?
A1: European Union
Q2: What other tools are used as alternative to military force?
A2: trade and diplomacy
Q3: How many great powers are members of Europian Union?
A3: three
Q4: What summits does EU have membership?
A4: WTO and at G8 and G-20 | History |
Muammar_Gaddafi | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan oil. In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil. The RCC followed with the Tripoli Agreement, in which they secured income tax, back-payments and better pricing from the oil corporations; these measures brought Libya an estimated $1 billion in additional revenues in its first year. | Q1: What was Libya's main export?
A1: crude oil
Q2: How did Gaddafi's decisions in the oil industry impact other OPEC states?
A2: In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil.
Q3: What was the main export of Libya?
A3: crude oil
Q4: How much money did Libya accrue in a year as a result of the Tripoli Agreement?
A4: $1 billion
Q5: What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of?
A5: OPEC
Q6: Who was responsible for raising the price of Libyan oil in 1969?
A6: Jalloud | History |
Spectre_(2015_film) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district. The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence involving a fight aboard a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter flown by stunt pilot Chuck Aaron, which called for modifications to be made to several buildings to prevent damage. This particular scene in Mexico required 1,500 extras, 10 giant skeletons and 250,000 paper flowers. Reports in the Mexican media added that the film's second unit would move to Palenque in the state of Chiapas, to film aerial manoeuvres considered too dangerous to shoot in an urban area. | Q1: Where did Spectre filming take place after Rome?
A1: Mexico City
Q2: Which celebration was featured in the Mexico City part of the production?
A2: Day of the Dead
Q3: Which areas were shown in the Day of the Dead scene in Spectre?
A3: the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district
Q4: How many additional actors were needed for the shoot in Mexico City?
A4: 1,500
Q5: Where were the scenes featuring planes shot?
A5: Palenque
Q6: What festival was included in the scenes shot in Mexico?
A6: the Day of the Dead festival
Q7: What type of helicopter was used for the flight scenes?
A7: a Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105 helicopter
Q8: Where in Mexico were the Day of the Dead scenes shot?
A8: Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district | Media and drama |
Alexander_Graham_Bell | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With financial support from Sanders and Hubbard, Bell hired Thomas Watson as his assistant,[N 15] and the two of them experimented with acoustic telegraphy. On June 2, 1875, Watson accidentally plucked one of the reeds and Bell, at the receiving end of the wire, heard the overtones of the reed; overtones that would be necessary for transmitting speech. That demonstrated to Bell that only one reed or armature was necessary, not multiple reeds. This led to the "gallows" sound-powered telephone, which could transmit indistinct, voice-like sounds, but not clear speech. | Q1: Who did Bell take on to work with him?
A1: Thomas Watson
Q2: What month and day did Watson and Bell have a breakthrough?
A2: June 2
Q3: How many reeds did Bell conclude he needed?
A3: 1
Q4: What name was given to the telephone that sort of worked?
A4: gallows
Q5: Who gave money to Bell and Watson?
A5: Sanders and Hubbard | Engineering and technology |
Mosaic | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With high cost of labor in developed countries, production automation has become increasingly popular. Rather than being assembled by hand, mosaics designed using computer aided design (CAD) software can be assembled by a robot. Production can be greater than 10 times faster with higher accuracy. But these "computer" mosaics have a different look than hand-made "artisanal" mosaics. With robotic production, colored tiles are loaded into buffers, and then the robot picks and places tiles individually according to a command file from the design software. | Q1: Why has production automation become popular?
A1: high cost of labor in developed countries
Q2: Which software can aid in the design of robotically created mosaics?
A2: CAD
Q3: How much faster is automated creation over handmade?
A3: 10 times faster
Q4: How does the robot pick the tiles it places?
A4: a command file
Q5: What is not the same between hand made and robotic amde mosaics?
A5: different look | Art and architecture |
Frédéric_Chopin | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room." | Q1: When did his sister come to stay with Chopin?
A1: June 1849
Q2: In September 1849 where did Chopin take up residence?
A2: Place Vendôme 12
Q3: Which family member came to Paris in June 1849?
A3: his sister
Q4: Who accompanied Chopin's sister to Paris?
A4: her husband and daughter
Q5: Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?
A5: Jane Stirling
Q6: What did Parisian ladies consider proper etiquette when in Chopin's room?
A6: to faint | Music |
Frédéric_Chopin | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November 1830 rising], their appeal to us artists is even stronger ... If the mighty autocrat in the north [i.e. Nicholas I of Russia] could know that in Chopin's works, in the simple strains of his mazurkas, there lurks a dangerous enemy, he would place a ban on his music. Chopin's works are cannon buried in flowers!" The biography of Chopin published in 1863 under the name of Franz Liszt (but probably written by Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein) claims that Chopin "must be ranked first among the first musicians ... individualizing in themselves the poetic sense of an entire nation." | Q1: Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?
A1: sense of nationalism
Q2: What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?
A2: 1836
Q3: In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?
A3: Poland
Q4: Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?
A4: the failure of the November 1830
Q5: A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?
A5: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Q6: Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?
A6: polonaises
Q7: Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?
A7: Schumann
Q8: Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?
A8: flowers
Q9: Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?
A9: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein | Music |
Kanye_West | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With his third album, Graduation (2007), West moved away from the sound of his previous releases and towards a more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape. The musical evolution arose from him listening to music genres encompassing European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock, and his native Chicago house. Towards this end, West retracted much of the live instrumentation that characterized his previous album and replaced it with heavy, gothic synthesizers, distorted synth-chords, rave stabs, house beats, electro-disco rhythms, and a wide array of modulated electronic noises and digital audio-effects. In addition, West drew musical inspiration from arena rock bands such as The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in terms of melody and chord progression. | Q1: What was the name of Kanye's third record?
A1: Graduation
Q2: What musical direction did Kanye take with his third album?
A2: more atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced soundscape
Q3: Kanye drew inspiration from The Rolling Stones, U2, and Led Zeppelin in what ways?
A3: melody and chord progression
Q4: What year was Kanye West's third album released?
A4: 2007 | Music |
House_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With house music already massive on the '80s dance-scene it was only a matter of time before it would penetrate the UK pop charts.[citation needed] The record generally credited as the first house hit in the UK was Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around" which reached #10 in the UK singles chart in September 1986. | Q1: what is credited as the first house hit in the UK?
A1: Farley "Jackmaster" Funk's "Love Can't Turn Around"
Q2: what did "Love Can't Turn Around" peak at in the UK charts?
A2: #10
Q3: what year did Farley Funk have his first UK hit?
A3: 1986 | Music |
Paper | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | Q1: What is newly used as a coating in high grease applications?
A1: corn protein
Q2: Popcorn bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating?
A2: corn protein
Q3: PFOA is what type of coating?
A3: synthetic | Natural sciences |
Professional_wrestling | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious academic study and journalistic criticism. Many courses, theses, essays, and dissertations have analyzed wrestling's conventions, content, and its role in modern society. It is often included as part of studies on theatre, sociology, performance, and media. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology developed a course of study on the cultural significance of professional wrestling, and anthropologist Heather Levi has written an ethnography about the culture of lucha libre in Mexico. | Q1: What other areas has wrestling garnered interest from?
A1: academic study and journalistic criticism
Q2: What areas of study is wrestling talked about in?
A2: theatre, sociology, performance, and media
Q3: What did Heather Levi write?
A3: an ethnography about the culture of lucha libre
Q4: What college has a course about the cultural impact of wrestling?
A4: Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Sports and recreation |
Alaska | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With its myriad islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (54,720 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Many active volcanoes are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. Unimak Island, for example, is home to Mount Shishaldin, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,048 m) above the North Pacific. It is the most perfect volcanic cone on Earth, even more symmetrical than Japan's Mount Fuji. The chain of volcanoes extends to Mount Spurr, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of Wrangellia, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the Pacific Northwest, which is actively undergoing continent building. | Q1: How much tidal shoreline does Alaska have in miles?
A1: nearly 34,000 miles
Q2: On which island is Mount Shishaldin located?
A2: Unimak Island
Q3: What do geoligists believe is unique about Wrangellia?
A3: actively undergoing continent building
Q4: What is most impressive about Mount Shishaldin in comparison to Mount Fuji?
A4: most perfect volcanic cone on Earth
Q5: How high does Mount Shishaldin rise above sea level?
A5: 10,000 feet (3,048 m) | Geography and places |
Umayyad_Caliphate | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. After the plague that killed much of the Muslim Army in Syria, by marrying Maysum, Muawiyah started to use the Jacobite Christians, against the Romans. Muawiya's wife Maysum (Yazid's mother) was also a Jacobite Christian. With limited resources and the Byzantine just over the border, Muawiyah worked in cooperation with the local Christian population. To stop Byzantine harassment from the sea during the Arab-Byzantine Wars, in 649 Muawiyah set up a navy; manned by Monophysitise Christians, Copts and Jacobite Syrian Christians sailors and Muslim troops. | Q1: What was the name of Muawiyah's wife?
A1: Maysum
Q2: What tribe did Muawiyah's wife belong to?
A2: Kalb
Q3: What was the religion of Muawiyah's wife's tribe?
A3: Christian
Q4: What was the ethnicity of the Kalb tribe?
A4: Arab
Q5: Where was the Kalb tribe based?
A5: Syria | History |
Boston | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fifth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country. Boston's subway system, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA—known as the "T") operates the oldest underground rapid transit system in the Americas, and is the fourth-busiest rapid transit system in the country, with 65.5 miles (105 km) of track on four lines. The MBTA also operates busy bus and commuter rail networks, and water shuttles. | Q1: How many people in Boston use public transportation?
A1: nearly a third
Q2: Where does Boston rank nationally in terms of public transportation use?
A2: fifth-highest
Q3: What is the name of Bostons subway system?
A3: MBTA
Q4: The MBTA is also known as the what?
A4: T
Q5: How long is bostons subway system?
A5: 65.5 miles | Geography and places |
Light-emitting_diode | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With nitrides containing aluminium, most often AlGaN and AlGaInN, even shorter wavelengths are achievable. Ultraviolet LEDs in a range of wavelengths are becoming available on the market. Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacements for inspection of anti-counterfeiting UV watermarks in some documents and paper currencies. Shorter-wavelength diodes, while substantially more expensive, are commercially available for wavelengths down to 240 nm. As the photosensitivity of microorganisms approximately matches the absorption spectrum of DNA, with a peak at about 260 nm, UV LED emitting at 250–270 nm are to be expected in prospective disinfection and sterilization devices. Recent research has shown that commercially available UVA LEDs (365 nm) are already effective disinfection and sterilization devices. UV-C wavelengths were obtained in laboratories using aluminium nitride (210 nm), boron nitride (215 nm) and diamond (235 nm). | Q1: What substance does nitrides contain?
A1: aluminium
Q2: What sort of LEDs are becoming more available on the market?
A2: Ultraviolet
Q3: What is the range of wavelengths for cheap UV LEDs?
A3: 375–395 nm
Q4: Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what?
A4: 240 nm
Q5: What UV wavelengths are found in sterilization devices?
A5: 250–270 nm | Engineering and technology |
Egypt | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With over 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta. | Q1: How many inhabitants does Egypt have?
A1: over 90 million
Q2: What is the rank of Egypt popultaion among African nations?
A2: third-most populous in Africa
Q3: Majority of Egypt people live near what river?
A3: Nile River
Q4: What desert constitutes most of Egypt territory?
A4: Sahara desert | Geography and places |
Muammar_Gaddafi | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With preceding legal institutions abolished, Gaddafi envisioned the Jamahiriya as following the Qur'an for legal guidance, adopting sharia law; he proclaimed "man-made" laws unnatural and dictatorial, only permitting Allah's law. Within a year he was backtracking, announcing that sharia was inappropriate for the Jamahiriya because it guaranteed the protection of private property, contravening The Green Book's socialism. His emphasis on placing his own work on a par with the Qur'an led conservative clerics to accuse him of shirk, furthering their opposition to his regime. In July, a border war broke out with Egypt, in which the Egyptians defeated Libya despite their technological inferiority. The conflict lasted one week before both sides agreed to sign a peace treaty that was brokered by several Arab states. That year, Gaddafi was invited to Moscow by the Soviet government in recognition of their increasing commercial relationship. | Q1: What book did the Jamahiriya look to for legal advice?
A1: Qur'an
Q2: What tenet of sharia did Gaddafi believe was incompatible with socialism?
A2: protection of private property
Q3: What relationship led the Soviets to invite Gaddafi to Moscow?
A3: commercial
Q4: What did conservative Muslim clerics accuse Gaddafi of?
A4: shirk
Q5: Who won a border war with Libya?
A5: Egypt | History |
Friedrich_Hayek | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated "some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy." As referenced in the section on "The economic calculation problem," Hayek wrote that "there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance." Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes "[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state." Bernard Harcourt says that "Hayek was adamant about this." In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote: | Q1: According to Wapshott, who was promoting the implementation of universal health care?
A1: Hayek
Q2: Who did Hayek say should provide a safety net for society?
A2: the state
Q3: In which of Hayek's works did he make his statements regarding social insurance?
A3: The economic calculation problem
Q4: Who made the claim that Hayek was particularly determined regarding his beliefs on social insurance and a safety net?
A4: Bernard Harcourt | Social sciences and society |
Oklahoma_City | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With regards to Mexican drug cartels, Oklahoma City has traditionally been the territory of the notorious Juárez Cartel, but the Sinaloa Cartel has been reported as trying to establish a foothold in Oklahoma City. There are many rival gangs in Oklahoma City, one whose headquarters has been established in the city, the Southside Locos, traditionally known as Sureños. | Q1: What cartel has been known to be in Oklahoma city?
A1: Juárez Cartel | Geography and places |
Supreme_court | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ICT generally functions the same as provinces. Azad Kashmir has its own courts system and the constitution of Pakistan does not apply to it as such; appeals from Azad Kashmir relate to its relationship with Pakistan. | Q1: What are some of the territories within Pakistan?
A1: FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)
Q2: What type of cases may Pakistan's Supreme Court hear from FATA?
A2: appeals only of a constitutional nature
Q3: What Pakistani territory's own courts retain supremacy?
A3: Azad Kashmir
Q4: What is the relationship between Pakistan's Constitution and Azad Kashmir?
A4: does not apply to it | Language and literature |
Qing_dynasty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With respect to these outer regions, the Qing maintained imperial control, with the emperor acting as Mongol khan, patron of Tibetan Buddhism and protector of Muslims. However, Qing policy changed with the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884. During The Great Game era, taking advantage of the Dungan revolt in northwest China, Yaqub Beg invaded Xinjiang from Central Asia with support from the British Empire, and made himself the ruler of the kingdom of Kashgaria. The Qing court sent forces to defeat Yaqub Beg and Xinjiang was reconquered, and then the political system of China proper was formally applied onto Xinjiang. The Kumul Khanate, which was incorporated into the Qing empire as a vassal after helping Qing defeat the Zunghars in 1757, maintained its status after Xinjiang turned into a province through the end of the dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution up until 1930. In early 20th century, Britain sent an expedition force to Tibet and forced Tibetans to sign a treaty. The Qing court responded by asserting Chinese sovereignty over Tibet, resulting in the 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention signed between Britain and China. The British agreed not to annex Tibetan territory or to interfere in the administration of Tibet, while China engaged not to permit any other foreign state to interfere with the territory or internal administration of Tibet. Furthermore, similar to Xinjiang which was converted into a province earlier, the Qing government also turned Manchuria into three provinces in the early 20th century, officially known as the "Three Northeast Provinces", and established the post of Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces to oversee these provinces, making the total number of regional viceroys to nine. | Q1: What title did the emperor hold in Mongolia?
A1: khan
Q2: Who ruled Kashgaria?
A2: Yaqub Beg
Q3: Who supported Beg?
A3: British
Q4: When did the British invade Tibet?
A4: early 20th century
Q5: What was the name of the agreement between Britain and the Chinese that kept the British out of Tibet?
A5: 1906 Anglo-Chinese Convention | History |
Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the George Warren Brown School of Social Work (commonly called the Brown School or Brown) was founded in 1925. Brown's academic degree offerings include a Master of Social Work (MSW), a Master of Public Health (MPH), a PhD in Social Work, and a PhD in Public Health Sciences. It is currently ranked first among Master of Social Work programs in the United States. The school was endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company. The school was the first in the country to have a building for the purpose of social work education, and it is also a founding member of the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The school is housed within Brown and Goldfarb Halls, but a third building expansion is currently in progress and slated to be completed in summer 2015. The new building, adjacent to Brown and Goldfarb Halls, targets LEED Gold certification and will add approximately 105,000 square feet, more than doubling the school's teaching, research, and program space. | Q1: When was the George Warren Brown School of Social Work founded?
A1: 1925
Q2: By what other names is the George Warren Brown School of Social Work known?
A2: Brown School or Brown
Q3: What degree programs are offered by the George Warren Brown School of Social Work?
A3: Master of Social Work (MSW), a Master of Public Health (MPH), a PhD in Social Work, and a PhD in Public Health Sciences
Q4: What roles was George Warren Brown known?
A4: St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company
Q5: What facilities house the George Warren Brown School of Social Work?
A5: Brown and Goldfarb Halls | Geography and places |
Israel | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With successive Persian rule, the region, divided between Syria-Coele province and later the autonomous Yehud Medinata, was gradually developing back into urban society, largely dominated by Judeans. The Greek conquests largely skipped the region without any resistance or interest. Incorporated into Ptolemaic and finally Seleucid Empires, the southern Levant was heavily hellenized, building the tensions between Judeans and Greeks. The conflict erupted in 167 BCE with the Maccabean Revolt, which succeeded in establishing an independent Hasmonean Kingdom in Judah, which later expanded over much of modern Israel, as the Seleucids gradually lost control in the region. | Q1: When did the conflict between Judeans and Greeks erupt?
A1: 167 BCE
Q2: What was established in the Maccabean Revolt?
A2: Hasmonean Kingdom
Q3: Who dominated the society?
A3: Judeans | History |
Child_labour | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With such a high percentage of children working, the rising of illiteracy, and the lack of a formal education became a widespread issue for many children who worked to provide for their families. Due to this problematic trend, many parents developed a change of opinion when deciding whether or not to send their children to work. Other factors that lead to the decline of child labour included financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation. | Q1: What became an issue for the working child?
A1: illiteracy
Q2: Was illiteracy a factor in changing the minds of parents of child labourers?
A2: many parents developed a change of opinion
Q3: What are the reasons that lead to a decline of child labour?
A3: financial changes in the economy, changes in the development of technology, raised wages, and continuous regulations on factory legislation | Social sciences and society |
British_Empire | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834 (with the exception of St. Helena, Ceylon and the territories administered by the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of 4 to 6 years of "apprenticeship". | Q1: When was the Slave Trade Act enacted?
A1: 1807
Q2: What abolished the British slave trade?
A2: the Slave Trade Act
Q3: Which colony was the official British colony for freed slaves?
A3: Sierra Leone
Q4: What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire?
A4: The Slavery Abolition Act
Q5: How long of an 'apprenticeship' did slaves need to have before being fully freed?
A5: 4 to 6 years | History |
Portugal | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da Bandeira, Silva Porto, Malanje, Tete, Vila Junqueiro, Vila Pery and Vila Cabral were founded or redeveloped inland during this period and beyond. New coastal towns like Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia were also founded. Even before the turn of the 20th century, railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola, and the Beira railway in Mozambique, started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions. | Q1: When was the Conference of Berlin held?
A1: 1884
Q2: Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established?
A2: to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa
Q3: During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped?
A3: Scramble for Africa
Q4: What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa?
A4: Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia
Q5: When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa?
A5: before the turn of the 20th century | Geography and places |
Pacific_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | With the Japanese CAP out of position and the carriers at their most vulnerable, SBD Dauntlesses from Enterprise and Yorktown appeared at an altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and commenced their attack, quickly dealing fatal blows to three fleet carriers: Sōryū, Kaga, and Akagi. Within minutes, all three were ablaze and had to be abandoned with great loss of life. Hiryū managed to survive the wave of dive bombers and launched a counter-attack against the American carriers which caused severe damage to Yorktown (which was later finished off by a Japanese submarine). However, a second attack from the U.S. carriers a few hours later found and destroyed Hiryū, the last remaining fleet carrier available to Nagumo. With his carriers lost and the Americans withdrawn out of range of his powerful battleships, Yamamoto was forced to call off the operation, leaving Midway in American hands. The battle proved to be a decisive victory for the Allies. For the second time, Japanese expansion had been checked and its formidable Combined Fleet was significantly weakened by the loss of four fleet carriers and many highly trained, virtually irreplaceable, personnel. Japan would be largely on the defensive for the rest of the war. | Q1: At what altitude did the American dive bombers commence their attck on the Japanese carriers?
A1: 10,000 feet
Q2: Which Japanese carrier survived the first wave of American dive bombers in the Battle of Midway.
A2: Hiryū
Q3: Who won the Battle of Midway?
A3: Allies
Q4: How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway?
A4: four | History |