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John Napier of Merchiston was born in the year 1550. Napier rose to fame as a mathematician, physicist, astrologer and astronomer. He was also the eighth laird of Merchiston, son of Sir Archibald Napier of Merchiston and Janet Bothwell. He started his formal education at the age of 13, as was the common tradition of that time. However, he soon dropped out of school and travelled to Europe, only to return to Scotland in 1571 at the age of 21. He got married to Elizabeth Stirling in 1572 and had two children with her. After the death of his first wife in 1579, Napier married Agnes Chisholm who bore him ten children. Contribution to Mathematics In 1614 Napier published his work ‘Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio’ which contained theory and tables of natural logarithms. Napier was the founder of logarithms and he became so after spending long hours doing lengthy calculations of astronomy. He thought there should be a better and shorter way to carry out such calculations. He worked on this idea for almost two decades before the concept of logarithms came into effect. He comprehended that all large numbers can be articulated using powers that are now known as the exponential form. This innovation paved way for advances in the fields of dynamics, astronomy, physics and even in astrology. Napier also made improvements to the idea of the decimal fraction by starting the use of decimal points; a practice that very soon became common throughout Britain. Interest in Theology Napier read the Book of Revelation which he later used to make a prediction of the Apocalypse and was also deeply influenced by the orations of Christopher Goodman. Napier prophesied the end of the world to be in 1688 or 1700. In his book ‘A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John’ Napier wrote: Justice be done against the enemies of God’s church,’ and advised the King ‘to reform the universal enormities of his country, and first to begin at his own house, family, and court. Due to some of his religious beliefs and superstitions, many called him a magician and blamed him to be ‘in league with the powers of darkness’. He had some strange practices such as carrying a black spider in a box during travel. He also owned a rooster which he used to suspect which of his servants had been stealing. However, all these ideas were not true and had some reasonable explanations to them. Later Life and Death Napier also invented the ‘Napier Bones’ which were devices that could be used as calculators. They were called ‘bones’ because they were made out of ivory. He is also said to have devised some weapons such as the ‘burning mirror’ used for abolishing the enemy ships. Before his death Napier moved back to his castle in Edinburgh where he became known as ‘Marvelous Merchiston’. Today Napier is widely recognized for his work in mathematics and astronomy. ‘Neper’ the symbol used in electrical engineering is named after him and so is the crater ‘Neper’ on the moon. John Napier died in Edinburgh on 4th April 1617 at the age of 67.

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After every lecture I get repeated requests for copies of this picture-activity. It is finally available in digital format! As always, two versions, the red one is easier. Larry Ferlazzo’s lists are a gold mine for eye-catching images. There are so many possibilities here! Just look at this as an example: Here’s one I chose for starters (some of my pupils are studying architectural – draftmanship). They liked it! Once again, there are two versions, the “red” one is easier and uses Hebrew. My deaf students are extremely efficient texters (what an amazing invention the cell phone is for them!). Yet I know some of my students text while driving! “I can text without looking” they say! True, but what about the reply? Here are two versions I prepared, the “red” one is a bit easier and uses some Hebrew. As I mentioned in my previous post, I find pictures to be a useful tool for improving reading comprehension skills at all ages – you just need to use appropriate pictures. One of the most important skills that pupils must acquire is answering questions with answers that are relevant to the type of question asked. In order to have the pupils actually focus on understanding the questions we must separate the questions from the texts which are difficult for them. There are a number of ways to do this. Using pictures is one of my favorites. One of things I do with high-school students is ask “Bagrut Type” (matriculation exam format) questions about an interesting picture. For example, take the question “Where could you find such a picture?” Many pupils tend to respond in a concrete manner; “I can’t find such a picture”. Yet they must relate to the fact that if its an ad, it would probably be found in a magazine or newspaper, etc. Pictures are also useful for practicing questions using common tricky phrases such as “the woman looks pleased”. Pupils tend to think that the word “look” only has one meaning and confuse “pleased” with “please”. Here is one example I use. In future posts I will add more. I’m afraid I do not know who drew this picture (I found it ,slightly torn,amng postcards left to me by another teacher) and will gladly give full credit if anyone does know! As a teacher of deaf and hard of hearing students I’m constantly “visualising ideas”. By “visualising” I mean a multitude of things. For starters, there’s Sign Language, an absolutely visual mode. When something is large, when you sign you show just how big it is. And its not just your hands involved, its your facial expressions too. But that’s just one aspect of it. About half my students don’t use sign language (many have cochlear implants). Yet just talking about something (whether using speech, sign language or both) is not enough for these pupils to really and truly understand ideas and concepts I’m trying to teach. Everything is always supported by the written word. In addition I use pictures, graphs or just plain line drawings. And to make those truly “visual” in the students’ minds I need a lot of examples (as closely related to the pupils’ lives as I can). In fact, I even have reading comprehension exercises based on pictures (more about that in another post)! This need to visualize everything has become such a part of me (I’ve been teaching for more than 25 years!) that even when lecturing to hearing people I use pictures. I must admit the feedback has been very positive! As you see, I’ve even added a picture here!

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PAPAYA- YELLOW YD1B HYBRID Botanical Name: Carica papaya The most widely grown of all the hybrids in Australia, fruit is oblong, is very clean, flesh is firm, and is a medium yielding tree. Hybrids are the result of crossing 2 (stable) parent lines. Hybrids are more vigorous than their parents, produce more fruit and are less susceptible to disease. All papaya are affected by climatic changes but when grown under stable conditions hybrids are very consistent in fruit shape and size. or 4 interest-free payments with Plant Information or Specifications Sub Categories (HashTags) Climate Subtropical (#ClimateSubtropical), Climate Tropical (#ClimateTropical), Colour Flesh Yellow (#ColourFleshYellow), Colour Fruit Skin Yellow (#ColourFruitSkinYellow), Dried Fruit (#DriedFruit), Eat Dried (#EatDried), Eat Fresh (#EatFresh), Grow Full Sun (#GrowFullSun), Grow Part Sun (#GrowPartSun), Pollination - Dioecious (#Pollination-Dioecious), Pollination Cross Pollinate (#PollinationCrossPollinate), Size Height 2-5m (#SizeHeight2-5m), Size Plant Width 1-2m (#SizePlantWidth1-2m), Sweet (#Sweet), Taste Flesh Sweet (#TasteFleshSweet), Taste Flesh Tropical (#TasteFleshTropical), Tropical Garden Plant (#TropicalGardenPlant) Create Plant Filter using All Hashtags Learn About Climate Zones Learn About Propagation Methods Max Height (when in the ground with good conditions) Plants required to Pollinate 3 Plants (Male and Female) Learn about Pollination Can it Handle Frosts? Amount of leaves in Winter? All Leaves (Evergreen) Quarantine Restrictions to these Areas Is it a Dwarf Fruit Tree? No (Full Size) Time to Fruit/Flower/Harvest Sun or Shade Full (Sun:80%-100%), Part (Sun:50-80%) Preferred Soil Type Perfect Drainage (Sand/Volcanic) February, March, April, May, June, October, November, December , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Customer Comments on Papaya- Yellow YD1B Hybrid Papaya- Yellow YD1B Hybrid I asked for advice from panel of experts at Qld Home & Garden show about a severe case of black spot on my fully loaded tree last year -told to water in Borax around roots before next flowering season. Did it this year - no black spot. Yay! | Kathy123 - Hervey Bay, QLD 04-May-2016 Create Your Own My Edible Backyard Page and your feedback will appear here.

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stands for Digital Object Identifier and is the unique identifier for objects on the internet. It can be used to create persistent link and to cite articles. Using DOI as a persistent link To create a persistent link, add「http://dx.doi.org/」 before a DOI. For instance, if the DOI of an article is 10.5297/ser.1201.002 , you can link persistently to the article by entering the following link in your browser: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5297/ser.1201.002 。 The DOI link will always direct you to the most updated article page no matter how the publisher changes the document's position, avoiding errors when engaging in important research. Cite a document with DOI When citing references, you should also cite the DOI if the article has one. If your citation guideline does not include DOIs, you may cite the DOI link. DOIs allow accurate citations, improve academic contents connections, and allow users to gain better experience across different platforms. Currently, there are more than 70 million DOIs registered for academic contents. If you want to understand more about DOI, please visit airiti DOI Registration （ doi.airiti.com ） 。 陳軒晟 , Masters Advisor：黎明淵 英文 DOI： 10.6844/NCKU.2014.00196 應計盈餘管理 ； 實質盈餘管理 ； Jones model ； modified Jones model ； 股票報酬 ； Panel regression ； accrual-based earnings management ； real earnings management ； Jones model ； modified Jones model ； stock return ； Panel regression - Abbas, Z., A. Khan, and M. Rizwan. 2006. Abnormal accruals and firm value, panel data analysis of banking industry of Pakistan. European Journal of Scientific Research 14: 445-454. - Agrawal, A., and C.R. Knoeber. 1996. Firm Performance and mechanisms to control agency problems between managers and shareholders. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 31: 377-397. - Armstrong C.S., A.D. Jagolinzer, and D.F. Larcker. 2010. Chief executive officer equity incentives and accounting irregularities. Journal of Accounting Research 48: 225-271. - Barth, M.E., J.A. Elliott, and M.W. Finn. 1999. Market rewards associated with patterns of increasing earnings. Journal of Accounting Research 37: 387-413. - Baker, T., D. Collins, and A. Reitenga. 2003. Stock option compensation and earnings management incentives. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 18: 557-582. The cart has had several articles, so do you want to clear it, or add together to the cart?

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Together with the advancement of science and technology, technological innovations grew along with it, resulting to the emergence of new equipment and gadgets. No matter how big or small your company is, technology brings both intangible and tangible benefits to become cost efficient and to meet the growing demands and needs of customers. Technological innovations affect corporate efficiency, culture and relationship among employees, clients, suppliers and customers. The type and quality of technology used affect the security of confidential business information. Due to the burden brought by administrative tasks, like inventory, bookkeeping and records keeping, both big and small companies rely on computers to do their administrative works. The birth of Internet and online social networking sites tremendously decreased the costs of business operations. It also makes it easier for companies to use the Six Sigma management methodologies. Some firms shifted to outsourcing instead of hiring their own personnel due to the low costs associated with it. Because of the huge impact of technological innovations to companies, it is impossible for them to live with it. Commonly used high technology equipment: - Computer printer - Paper shredder - Multimedia projector - Touch screen monitors - Computer mouse - Laptop computers Advantages of Technology to Business: - Customer Relations. Technology affects the way companies communicate and establish relations with their clients. In a fast moving and business environment, it is vital for them to interact with clients regularly and quickly to gain their trust and to obtain customer loyalty. With the use of Internet and online social networks, firms interact with consumers and answer all their queries about the product. Establishing effective communication with customers not only creates rapport with them, but it also creates strong public image. It allows business enterprises to reduce and to cut carbon dioxide emissions. - Business Operations. With the use of technological innovations, business owners and entrepreneur understand their cash flow better, how to manage their storage costs well and enables you to save time and money. - Corporate Culture. Technology lets employees communicate and interact with other employees in other countries. It establishes clique and prevents social tensions from arising. - Security. Modern security equipment enables companies to protect their financial data, confidential business information and decisions. - Research Opportunities. It provides a venue to conduct studies to keep themselves ahead of competitors. It allows companies to virtually travel into unknown markets. - Corporate Reports. With technology, business enterprises communicate effectively with their branch offices to deliver quality financial and operational reports. - Industrial Productivity. Through the use of business software programs or software packages, it automated traditional manufacturing process, reduces labor costs and enhances manufacturing productivity. It enables companies to increase efficiency and production output. - Business mobility. Technological innovations improved companies’ sales, services, shorted lead time on receiving and delivering goods and services. Enables them to penetrate multiple markets at least costs. - Research capacity. It enables them to conduct studies on various companies to gain knowledge on the new trends in the market and way on avoiding them.

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Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! Herbert H. Dow Herbert H. Dow, in full Herbert Henry Dow, (born Feb. 26, 1866, Belleville, Ont., Can.—died Oct. 15, 1930, Rochester, Minn., U.S.), pioneer in the American chemical industry and founder of the Dow Chemical Company. Dow first became interested in brines (concentrated solutions of salts and water) while attending Case School of Applied Science (now Case Western Reserve University) in Cleveland (B.S.; 1888). His analysis of brines from several sites revealed that those of Canton, Ohio, and Midland, Mich., were rich in bromine. He developed and patented electrolytic methods for extracting bromine from brine and in 1890 organized the Midland Chemical Company. The Dow process was remarkable in that it did not result in a salt by-product and that it operated on comparatively little fuel, which was provided by waste from the then-thriving Michigan lumber industry. The process also involved the first commercially successful use of the direct-current generator in the American chemical industry. In 1895 Dow founded the Dow Process Company to electrolyze brine for chlorine (producing caustic soda and sodium hypochlorite) at Navarre, Ohio, soon moving the company to Midland and creating the Dow Chemical Company (1897) to absorb the Midland Chemical and Dow Process. Dow’s chlorine products found application in insecticides and (through the electrolysis of magnesium chloride) stucco and magnesium metal. He further introduced automatic processing to produce magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) from ocean brines, produced the first synthetic indigo process in the Western Hemisphere (1916), and was the first American producer of iodine (which he also extracted from brine). He eventually was granted some 65 patents as his company became one of the world’s leading chemical manufacturers. Learn More in these related Britannica articles: Dow Chemical Company…founded in 1897 by chemist Herbert H. Dow of Midland to supplement the Midland Chemical Company (1890) and the Dow Process Company (1895). Created in part because Dow required a bleach plant to use the wastes from the bromine extraction processes performed by Midland Chemical, the new company also began… Brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride). Natural brines occur underground, in salt lakes, or as seawater and are commercially important sources of common salt and other salts, such as chlorides and sulfates of magnesium and potassium. Brine is used as a preservative in… Bromine (Br), chemical element, a deep red, noxious liquid, and a member of the halogen elements, or Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. atomic number 35 atomic weight 79.909 melting point −7.2 °C (19 °F) boiling point 59 °C (138 °F) specific gravity 3.12 at 20…

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We know that effective listening goes beyond merely hearing what another person is saying; it requires one to understand and absorb what’s been said or presented. Thus, effective listening is a skill that, once learned and mastered, can pay dividends not only within one’s educational career, but in personal and professional settings as well. As an instructor, you can play a key role in helping learners master the art of listening effectively. These simple activities, adapted from suggestions in Marilla D. Svinicki and Wilbert J. McKeachie’s McKeachie’s Teaching Tips, can be worked into just about any class session, and will strengthen students’ ability to listen well. - Begin your class session with a quick writing exercise that prepares students to tune in to the topic at hand. Ask students to write down what they hope or expect to learn in that day’s class, or invite them to reflect on what they considered to be the key points of their course readings. Inform them that if they learn to ask themselves these types of questions prior to a course session or after a reading assignment, they’ll be better prepared to stay focused and mentally engage with what’s being presented. - During your lecture, instruct your students to stop taking notes for a few minutes as you address a particular concept. Then, tell them to write a brief summary of what they’ve just heard. If you have the time and opportunity, invite them to discuss their summaries with a nearby classmate. In order to summarize well, they’ll need to be especially focused; and the act of summarizing and discussing also works to reinforce what they’ve learned from the material you just covered. - For the last five or so minutes of class, have your students summarize the key points of that day’s lecture… for a classmate. The act of listening and summarizing on someone else’s behalf may cause them to pay closer attention. After trying any of these “listening prompts,” ask your students if the activity caused them to listen in a different way, or if the act of taking these extra steps shaped what they got out of the class. Then, let them know that these strategies can be applied to any lecture course they attend (p. 69). By demonstrating the importance of effective listening skills in your course, you’ll be preparing your students for more effective learning down the road. Reference: McKeachie, Wilbert J. and Svinicki, Marilla. 2014. McKeachie’s Teaching Tips, Fourteenth Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Have any suggestions for helping students hone their listening skills? Share them with us in the comments section below.

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PhoneGap – Code once deploy everywhereRajeev Sharma The PhoneGap: PhoneGap the new framework for the development of the Smartphone-based application like for iPhone, Android, and windows phone. The PhoneGap is a mobile application development frameworks developed by the Nitobi which is purchased by the Adobe Systems in 2011. The developer uses mainly PhoneGap because it allows them to have a common codebase for all their application. It doesn’t force the developers to again write the code for each and every time as they move from platform to platform. Getting Started with PhoneGap: The advantage in development with the PhoneGap is that you have to make the application only once then after installing the particular operating systems SDK you have to just convert your developed code using that SDK and then it will be ready for that platform also that’s the reason that many and many people preferring PhoneGap to develop the applications. The first and the main important thing before starting development with PhoneGap is you need to install the SDK for each mobile platform to which you want to make the applications. Basic configurations to start development: 1. Install Node.js : To install PhoneGap make sure that Node.js is installed on your system then you can open your command line and run this: C: >npm install –g phonegap Then have to install PhoneGap framework that you can download from the official website phonegap.com/install and after that, with the help of SDK, you can proceed further. 2. Install Cordova: Cordova is a framework in which only we have to make the mobile applications and through that, we can select the targeted SDK to convert our app to another operating system. You can download this from their official website or you just ignore this if you want to use the particular platforms SDK.s like for android you can download it from developer.android.com/sdk or for the iOS you can use their SDK. 3. Creating project: You have to open the new project menu in the SDK and then create new for the project and “Finish” it. 4. Build the Project: After the coding done in particular language then SDK automatically build the executable file in the subdirectory like Apk file in bin subdirectory that you can run on your Android enabled smartphone. 5. Configure an emulator: From the toolbar option, you can select the emulator you can run it if not existing old emulator then it will say you to create the new one once it runs on the emulator then you can convert the same app for another operating system also. Then it comes to the last step where you have to target your devices for the operating systems in which you want them that will be only possible after installing the PhoneGap in the system. With the help of PhoneGap framework you have to the coding and in the toolbar, you will get the options like “Target” Device there you have to select the targeted devices for which you want to make the applications and that will be generated in the form of apk. ipa, ota, etc as you wish using your SDK of the system. So, this framework playing a fabulous and great role in the technology of mobile application development which saves lots of time and most important money. Support feature by mobile operating platform: |Notification (alert, sound, vibration)||Yes||Yes||Yes||Yes| PhoneGap is the very powerful framework for the cross-platform development in mobile application development. If you have ever done the coding in the mobile development then PhoneGap is the most recommended tool for you to try to make the applications for the multiple operating systems. After looking at its features and advantages of PhoneGap we can say that it’s the must use framework for all of us who are in the development industry.

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The question as to whether to go for Digestate Disposal, or Recovery is important, and not simple to make. As we plan our MSW Anaerobic Digestion Plants the question arises for each site as to whether we should dispose of our digestate as we always did before, to a landfill as a waste material, or go one step further and produce quality controlled end products from the digestate which in principle would be a liquid fertiliser and a fibrous material? Digestate disposal of the solid component may, it has been suggested, be used as a soil conditioner, or possibly a fibrous material which could be further processed (pressed) into blocks etc, and used in buildings. The primary advantage seen by many Waste Management Officers for Anaerobic Digestion in Europe, where strict targets exist for the diversion of waste away from landfills, will simply be whether the end product of the AD process will be classified as an organic waste (specifically Biological Municipal Waste or BMW) or not. To the European Regulators implementing waste diversion rules the important requirement is to reduce organic waste or more precisely from their point of view the landfilling of BMW. To the Waste Officer seeking to achieve compliance with waste diversion targets as long as the end result of Anaerobic Digestion has been to obtain an agreement from the regulator that the output is no longer BMW he can send it to landfill. In a sense this is the regulations working as intended, and the impact of the landfill will be reduced as this BMW will be much lower in the organic content which could be rapidly released to cause environmental nuisance in the landfill. So Anaerobic Digestion offers an expensive but effective method of protecting existing landfill operations, by eliminating the worst of their environmental consequences, but for most of the public the most tangible benefit is the ability to produce an attractive and desirable product such as a soil conditioner or soil substitute for agriculture, forestry or land reclamation. To produce a soil substitute has been tried before, with composting, and the lessons are clear enough. Anaerobic digestion with pasteurisation, provides good protection against pathogens and subsequent composting of the digestate provides a further barrier to infection. There is sufficient waste heat available from the gas for drying and pasteurising of the product, if required. The problem areas for digestate disposal are the presence of metals, plastics and glass. Source separation schemes are beginning to help to diminish metal contents in our domestic refuse. Plastics are unsightly and can discourage the use of refuse-derived materials on land where animals graze. Broken glass is a major hazard and greatly diminishes the possible outlets for the material. But, with the co-operation of the public, who will probably need to be incentivised in some way as well, source separation can avoid the presence of troublesome quantities of these materials. The experience with compost and the Compost Association promoted quality standards has again shown that with good source separation and fine screening before use, a thoroughly acceptable compost can be provided, and the same will no doubt apply to the best AD compost products. Considerable downstream processing of the digestate, and strenuous efforts in marketing, will be required to provide the best possible product and to obtain assured outlets for the processed digestate and this will tend to be expensive and thus offset any profits. So this returns us to original question and the subject of this article. Should we send anaerobic digestate to disposal to landfill, or to recovery? Digestate Disposal – Conclusion So to summarise we would say that it is going to depend on local circumstances to a very large extent. The classification of the output from AD as either a BMW or not will be the first point in question. If the material has been processed to reduce its organic content sufficiently to no longer be BMW, and landfill capacity is available locally, there will be an economic and risk aversion pressure to simply continue to landfill this material. Hopefully, nevertheless as time progresses source segregation becomes established practice, and better uses are found for the digestate, coupled with a greater acceptance of the crop benefit value of good anaerobic digestion derived soil conditioners, will be likely to result in a much greater uptake of the AD output as a product rather than a waste. Nevertheless, let’s not forget that using Anaerobic Digestion even if only to render the output sufficiently low in organic content to classify it as no longer BMW will be both protecting the environment around our landfills, and also very substantially reducing the tonnages placed in our dwindling stock of landfill void space.

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Improving the teaching of reading comprehension “The fact that I chose to do research into children’s reading comprehension had an element of serendipity. After graduating with a degree in biological sciences and education, I’d wanted to do research into circadian rhythms in locusts, but (probably mercifully) I didn’t get the funding.” Jane Oakhill, Professor of Experimental Psychology. Instead, Jane Oakhill, Professor of Experimental Psychology at Sussex, followed a path into psychology and psycholinguistics research, gradually building on a longstanding fascination with children’s understanding of text when they read. It was while she was a primary school teacher that Professor Oakhill first became interested in reading comprehension. “I noticed that some children were very fluent word readers but struggled to understand what they were reading.” There was a perception that if you just taught children to read words, their language skills would kick in and they would understand text. But reading comprehension is much more than just recognising words – it involves (among other skills) the ability to make inferences to connect up the text, and to understand text and story structures. “I’ve always been keen to talk to teachers about what’s involved”, says Jane, “but when the National Curriculum started mandating the teaching of reading comprehension, we all realised something was needed to help teachers teach comprehension.” Jane worked with Professor Kate Cain (now at Lancaster University) for several years. Together, they set about unpicking the skills and abilities that are fundamental to successful comprehension, and found evidence for four main elements: - vocabulary – depth, richness, and links between word meanings and concepts - inference making – connecting ideas in a text and bringing in relevant background knowledge - comprehension monitoring – recognising if you’re understanding, and knowing what to do about it if you’re not - understanding how text is structured, and using that structure as a framework for understanding. Jane’s research has provided teachers and teacher educators with insights into these components of reading comprehension and how they work together. “We needed to make the processes involved clear so that teachers could get a solid foundation for teaching comprehension. We’ve developed activities not for teaching but for teachers, so that they can understand what’s involved in their own comprehension. The successful teaching of reading comprehension is not about using a particular text and asking set questions about it – it’s about knowing how to engage children in any text to support their understanding.” “I continue to talk to teachers and teacher educators whenever we’re doing work that’s relevant to them. For example, we’ve recently been developing a tablet-based programme to support comprehension and we organised a workshop with teachers and educational psychologists to share what we’ve been doing.” So why does Jane do what she does? “Intellectual curiosity – but, increasingly, realising my findings are being taken up. People are using them, applying them, seeing the relevance. It’s great to feel you can make a difference. Taught well, children are so motivated, so keen to engage with text. Teaching should be evidence based, and the UK Department for Education is now acknowledging that education policy should be evidence based. It’s great to see people finally paying attention to that.” Jane’s and Kate’s findings have influenced England’s National Curriculum, English Programmes of Study, Key stages 1 and 2, and the training of teachers nationally and internationally. But, just as importantly, her research has had a positive effect on children. In Argentina, where many schools are using a programme based on her findings, “the children were saying 'this is so useful, why don’t we use it in all our lessons?’ As one little boy told me, 'it’s not just for our reading, it can help in our whole life.’” The Reading Comprehension Research Team Find out more about The Reading Comprehension Reading Research Team. Last updated: 8 November 2016 Research Quality and Impact team

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By Lindsey Hernandez, GSA Science Communication Intern, Masters Student Ohio State University Climate change’s impacts on communities around the world are becoming increasingly clear. Researcher Luke Bowman from Michigan Technological University is part of an interdisciplinary team of researchers studying drought-prone areas of El Salvador in order to assess how climate change is affecting water availability and crop yields. This research will help scientists understand what water-stressed communities around the world could expect in the future and help improve global resilience against climate change. “We tend to think of climate change as long-term with slow changes,” Bowman said. However, farmers in El Salvador have noticed significant changes in their communities in the last decade. Most farmers interviewed cited 2012 or 2014 as the years they noticed shifts in rainfall frequency and intensity, which has caused springs to dry and crops to be ruined. This causes significant financial hardship in these communities. “[Recent] changes in climate … point towards longer dry seasons and more intense rainfall events in the shorter rainy seasons,” Bowman said. With this project in the early stages, Bowman attended the 2019 Geological Society of America Annual Meeting to recruit graduate students interested in climate change, water scarcity, and societal vulnerability to this project. Bowman and his team hope to assemble cohorts of ten U.S. gradate students each summer, who will work with local communities in interdisciplinary teams and collaborate with local and international experts. “This is the setting for an intensive international research experience for U.S. graduate students,” Bowman said. These cohorts of students and experts will work with local communities to understand the impacts of climatic change on these communities and assess the efficacy of various adaptations strategies. Approaching this project with an interdisciplinary focus will allow for a holistic understanding of the factors that drive crop failures and increase vulnerability within agricultural communities. Bowman’s research is complex and multifaceted, as this region is expected to experience measurable impacts on agriculture, rainfall, and landslide frequency. Additionally, social issues represent secondary effects of climate change. This includes the migration of people out of Central America. “Climate refugees and food security are tied to this project,” Bowman said. “The Dry Corridor faces many challenges, and part of the problem is loss of livelihoods, loss of crops, and loss of opportunity [driven by climate change].” This work is not only important for understanding the impacts of climate change on people in Central America, but also on the rest of the world. “What Central America sees now is what the U.S. Southwest and Great Plains might see in the future if the current climate trajectory continues,” Bowman said. The GSA Science Communication Internship was a program offered at the GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, AZ, designed for student attendees interested in science communication as a possible alternative career path. Interns were paired with GSA’s Science Communication Fellow in order to gain experience in making science clear and exciting, under the tutelage of a professional writer. Students were assigned to conduct interviews with presenters at the meeting and to compile summaries capturing the significance of the presenters’ work for a non-technical audience. Media assignments and mentoring were useful learning experiences and exposure opportunities for students seeking to expand their knowledge into geoscientific reporting.

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Myth #1 – Jesus was born in a stable next to an inn: Most Catholics, practicing or not, know the story: Mary and Joseph arrive in Bethlehem in search of a place for Mary to give birth. They go around, from inn to inn, and are turned away each time. Finally, an innkeeper allows them to stay in his stables. The Bible says, “She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.” (Luke 2:7). The Greek word, “καταλύματι”, translated in the Bible as “inn”, actually means “lodging place”. This word is also used in Luke 22:11, where it is translated as “guest room”. Some have interpreted this as there being no space in the “guest room” of wherever they had planned to stay. As for the “stable”, it seems unlikely that Mary and Joseph stayed in a building separate from the main home. Also, family animals were commonly brought into the home to protect them from the weather. According to this interpretation, Mary and Joseph stayed where they had expected to stay, but in a part of the house not intended as a guest room. Myth #2 – Three kings visited Jesus soon after his birth: Three wise men or kings named Balthasar, Melchior and Gasper travel by camel from faraway nations in the direction of a bright star, motivated by the prophecy of the birth of a king. First, they meet with Herod and promise to report the location of the newborn king, but do not follow through after they are collectively warned not to in their dreams. Parts of the story are transparent. The Bible says, “When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, in the days of King Herod, behold, magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem” (Matthew 2:1). It also says that Herod called the magi to him and told him to search for the child and report back (2:7-8). The Scripture also says the magi were indeed warned in a dream not to report back to Herod (2:12). However, not much is known about who the “magi” were. The word “magi” seems to refer to a tribe of followers of Zoroastrianism, a Persian monotheistic religion. The word “magi” has been used in Greek to refer to practitioners of astrology, alchemy, and other forms of magic. So, they could have been Zoroastrians or they could have practiced magic. Additionally, it is unknown whether they were kings and how many of them there were. Their names and the countries they came from are also unknown. Myth #3 – animals present at Jesus’ birth: Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehem on a donkey, the magi arrived on camels, and donkeys, cows, doves and sheep looked on as Mary gave birth to Jesus. These elements of the Christmas story are a common feature of every nativity scene, but the Scripture does not mention them specifically. The Gospel of Luke does mention the manger, which implies the presence of animals, but the attendance of specific animals, like those mentioned above, is uncertain.

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Definition of Organic Definitions of Organic in the context of Cultivation of Organic Marijuana The big discussion worldwide in the growth of marijuana awareness is how to define the properties that define ‘organic marijuana’. We at OrganicMarijuana.com have had numerous discussions with scientists and horticulturalists and have decided to through this topic into the ring for review. With all the editorial team being big advocates, and consumers of organic food and products as a way of life, organic marijuana is a brainer – why would you ever consume a product that is produced with chemical compounds to make it grow faster or to keep insects away when you can achieve the same result without nasty additives. Additives that individually or collectively have a range of side effects from headaches to allergic reactions to creation of serious illness. Many proponents of organic marijuana start with the basic assumption that in order to be called organic then it must be grown in soil and in the sun. We of course believe that this is an excellent manner, however let’s look and see how organic is defined by various independent sources and see if we can find a common thread that is perhaps a little more inclusive in its approach. According to Dictionary.com, organic farming or organic fruits is described as ‘Pertaining to, involving, or grown with fertilizers or pesticides of animal or vegetable origin, as distinguished from manufactured chemicals”. Oxford Dictionary describes organic as “… of food or farming methods) produced of involving the production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or other artificial chemicals ‘organic farming, organic meat.” We find this from Merriam-Webster Dictionary “(1): … of, relating to; or derived from living organisms organic evolution (2): of, relating to, yielding, or involving the use of food produced with the use of feed or fertilizer of plant or animal origin without the employment of chemically formulated fertilizers , growth stimulants, antibiotics, or pesticides…” Whilst Collins Dictionary defines organic in terms of an adjective thus “Organic methods of farming and gardening use only natural animal and plant products to help the plants or animals grow and be healthy, rather than using chemicals.” The synonyms from Collins Dictionary: pesticide-free, natural, chemical-free, additive-free. We then look at what Wikipedia has to say on the subject of organic farming. “…. It relies on fertilizers of organic origin such as compost, manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. Biological pest control, mixed cropping and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. In general, organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance, naturally occurring pesticides such as pyrethrin and rotenone are permitted, while synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited. Now you can see some similarities that we also found interesting, in all of the definitions from the sources mentioned above, nowhere did it say that organic characteristics dictate that matter must be cultivated under the sun or in the earth. This makes a good deal of common sense because how else could you have an organic fish farm if you are required by definition to grow in soil? Or how could you grow mushrooms if you are to cultivate them in the sunshine? You can see where we are going with this right? The discussion on what constitutes organic marijuana is becoming a political and economic hotbed with many parties putting up their hands saying that only they can determine and certify organic cannabis. We have seen cannabis cultivated in water and have seen symbiotic systems which use fish to fertilize the plants. Systems that do not use any fertilizers or pest control apart from that found in nature and that produce beautiful organic clean marijuana. This topic will no doubt inspire much debate and we are sure that many valid points of view will come forth.

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Rice is probably the most generally consumed food crops of the world. This cereal foodstuff provides nourishment close to 50 % of the earth's population. Actually, this staple food provides multiple fifth with the calories consumed worldwide by humans. India is the second largest producer of rice after China, comprising about 90 million tons of production on earth. Rice is cultivated during both summer and winter, and you will find over 4000 kinds of rice being grown every year. Rice is understood to be a cereal grain of the grass class of 'Poaceae'. Rice is owned by two species of Poaceae crop, namely, 'Oryza Sativa' and 'Oryza.' The rice plant grows at 2-6 feet, with an upright stem and long, pointed and flat leaves. It's got stalk bearing flowers where the the rice grains are made. The rice plant needs both warmth and moisture for the proper growth. Rice is normally grown being an annual plant, although in certain tropical regions, additionally it is grown as being a perennial plant. It can be thought to be one of the few crops that's non-glutenous and non-allergic. In third world nations and developing countries, rice is one of the normally grown cash crops. Actually, rice is probably the oldest cereal crops cultivated by humans. The initial kinds of rice were grown in China around 5000 in the past. As it is a major food supplement, it is commercially cultivated as being a cash crop in lots of regions of the world. Rice is quite nutritious and has tons of nutrients to offer energy and vitality to our body. Rice is really a rich way to obtain carbohydrates as well as an important method to obtain storing the energy inside the body for the proper growth. Rice can be have less fat, salt and cholesterol, and so can be useful for keeping the heart healthy. As pointed above, India may be the second largest producer of rice on the planet. The rich soil asia is recognized for producing some of the finest varieties of rice. Basmati rice is globally renowned for its unique smell and delicate flavour and Indian basmati rice is extremely demanded from the worldwide market. Following would be the main sorts of rice produced in India: Basmati Rice: Often known as the king of rice, basmati rice is a perfect choice for a daily meal. Its delicate flavour and distinctive aroma makes this long grain rice as the most wonderful rice of all varieties. The long grain rice is further classified as 'Long Grain Brown Rice' and 'Long Grain White Rice'. India will be the largest cultivator and exporter of the rice. Medium Grain Rice: Such a rice includes a creamy color as well as a slightly chewy texture. The kernels with this sort of rice are shorter and wider when compared with that of long grain rice and in addition do not invariably remain fluffy. It is also further classified as 'Medium Grain Brown Rice' and 'Medium Grain White Rice'. Short Grain Rice: From the 'Japonica' (round grained) sounding rice, the grains with this kind of rice have short and plump kernels. This rice is informed they have an even, creamy texture, perfect for making rice pudding as well as other sweet dishes relating to the use of rice. More information about Gao mam nghe website: this site.

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- Under treatment - Treating addiction How do know you if you have an addiction? It might have already occurred to you that you can’t manage without a particular substance, and that you tried to stop but couldn’t. It is also possible that your parents or friends have said that you have a problem. You will probably visit your general practitioner first to explain this problem. If necessary, he or she will refer you to a psychologist and/or psychiatrist who will examine whether there is a connection between a possible psychological problem and your addiction. If you are already seeing a psychiatrist, tell him or her about your addiction if you have one. By conducting interviews and tests, these experts will examine where your problems come from and how you can be helped. You don’t have to solve them on your own! Will it go away? An addiction can go away when properly treated. An addiction can be physical and emotional in nature. A physical addiction is when, for example, you get a headache when you don’t drink any more coffee. An emotional addiction is when you become grouchy when you stop smoking. The physical addiction often goes away first, while the emotion addiction is the most problematic. It may be the case that you always have to do your best in order not to use a substance. This also means not having a drink with your friends right after you’ve kicked your addiction: you have to have the will power to stop using the substance entirely. Turn to your psychologist, psychiatrist or a special treatment centre/clinic for assistance. Individuals who are addicted often think that they can stop at any time. This is sometimes possible, but treatment is often actually necessary. There are different types of treatment: - Psychoeducation and motivation: you learn about what exactly your problems are and how they came about. This helps you deal with them better and gain more self-confidence. You also talk about the advantages and disadvantages of your substance use. - Behavioural therapy: By means of therapy, you can learn how to deal with an addiction. This means that you learn how best to act in various situations. Behavioural therapy can take the form of individual or group sessions. Sometimes, it is better to get away from your environment for a while and focus completely on your addiction. In the Netherlands, there are various clinics which are designed to help adolescents with an addiction combined with a psychological problem by means of a personalised programme. You will often work on your addiction in a group context and learn from one another's experiences. You may stay three months in a clinic and then receive follow-up care after you return home. - Family therapy: It is also very important that your parents know what the problem is and how they can deal with it. Your parents learn, for example, how they can help you with some things. Together with your whole family, you learn to devise solutions for your problems. Sometimes, therapy is given to several families at once. This is called multi-family therapy. For your parents - Parent training: Usually, your parents learn mostly what they can do to make sure you feel better. Either alone or in a group with other parents, they learn how they can help you. For example, they can make sure that everything happens in the same way at the same time every day so that you can focus on what you are doing and are not distracted by other things. Would you like to know more about addiction? Do you feel we can improve this page? Is something missing? Can't find what you're looking for? Please let us know!

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Risk is a fact of life, and all investments involve some type of risk. Financial risk is the measurable uncertainty that the anticipated return will be achieved. In many instances, investment returns are directly proportional to investment risks; as risk increases, so does potential reward—and potential loss. Although investors must be willing to bear risk in order to achieve an expected return, our main goal is to help our clients manage financial risk through sound planning and financial control. We believe that familiarizing yourself with the different types of risk is the first step in learning how to manage it within your portfolio. Below is a partial listing of the more commonly encountered types of financial risk: - Inflation Risk (sometimes referred to as purchasing power risk) – refers to the risk that inflation will diminish the buying power of an investor’s assets and income. Rising prices of goods and services can reduce the real purchasing power of the investor’s assets. - Interest Rate Risk – the possibility of the reduction of the value of a security, especially a bond, because of a rise in interest rates. - Economic Risk – the possibility that the revenue generated from a particular project will be insufficient to cover operating expenses and to repay debt obligations. - Timing Risk – the likelihood that an investor will buy or sell a security at an inopportune time. Typically this means buying a stock at its high or selling it at its low, or buying a bond just before interest rates rise or selling a bond just before interest rates fall. - Market Risk – the tendency of an entire class of assets to move together. The value of investments may decline over a given time period simply because of economic changes or other events that impact large portions of the market. - Liquidity Risk – the possibility that an investor will be unable to quickly convert a commodity or a security to cash without loss of principal. - Country Risk – the potential volatility of foreign stock, or the potential default of foreign government bonds, due to political or financial events of a given country. - Reinvestment Rate Risk – the possibility that interest or dividends earned from an investment may not be able to be reinvested in such a way that they earn the same rate of return as the invested funds that generated them. - Principal Risk – the likelihood that the value of the amount invested will decline due to bankruptcy or default. - Currency (Exchange Rate) Risk – the risk that an investment’s value will be affected by changes in exchange rates. If money must be converted into a foreign currency in order to make a particular investment, changes in the value of the currency in relation to the American dollar will affect the total loss or gain on the investment when currency is converted back. This source of risk applies only if the investor acquires foreign assets denominated in foreign currency. However, because investors may acquire shares in domestic firms with foreign operations or shares in mutual funds that make foreign investments, the investor may still indirectly bear currency risk.

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Strummin’ Hummin’ Singin’ n’ Pluckin’ Learn to strum, hum, sing and pluck the ukulele right from scratch. This introductory level class welcomes completely new players as well as those who want to spend time on the fundamentals. We always start each new session right at the beginning and build up skill by skill. In this group, we’re principally focused on aquiring the ‘accompaniment’ skills, i.e. strumming chords and singing (or humming) the tune. This is what most of us imagine ‘playing the ukulele’ means, so we’ll start there. We’ll get comfortable with a small set of the most used chords. We’ll introduce you to the essential ‘All Purpose’ strums as well. All the while, learning popular songs and starting to build you a repertoire. On the side, you’ll also be introduced to plucking simple melodies on the uke. You’ll get an overview of notation systems but we’ll focus on getting comfortable with tablature notation. This part is easy and enjoyable, and many see it as a bit of a break from the ongoing challenge of strumming, singing and chording at the same time. The group setting is actually a great way to learn these skills. The group acts as a sort of ‘training wheels’ on this new bicycle that you’re learning to ride. It’s much easier to put all the elements of a song together with others playing beside you as well, of course, as a strong example at the front of the room. Also, I’ve found over the years that people who do uke classes are just great people to meet. Skills you’ll aquire in Beginner Uke Part 1: - You’ll learn the best strategies for holding, fingering chords and notes, and strumming the ukulele. - You’ll learn the 8 to 12 most used chords and be able to move between them comfortably. - You’ll learn the essential ‘all purpose’ strums that will allow you to play any song you want. - You’ll be able to have your questions answered along the way. - You’ll learn 6-8 popular songs from across 100 years of popular music, including current hits. - Quality printed resources such as lyric sheets, chord diagrams, melodies in tablature notation and online resources to help you remember everything we do together and help you absorb the material more deeply in between lessons. - You’ll learn from an enthusiastic music teacher with years of experience teaching the ukulele and a never ending enthusiasm for exploring every kind of popular music with you. You will need to bring your own ukulele to the class. | An entry level ukulele can be made available for short term loan (1-2 weeks) while you acquire your own instrument. | Quality course materials will be supplied. Venue: Alcorn Music Studios Venue Website: http://www.alcornmusicstudios.com/home-2/Address: Ukebox Lessons is so happy to be able to offer much of its programming at Alcorn Music Studios. We’ll be using their great spaces for some group and private lesson teaching. All lesson inquiries, scheduling and payment inquiries for Ukebox programming should continue to go to Joel Jacques (Ukebox Lessons). Don’t hesitate to be in touch! email@example.com or call 613-323-1689 - Mondays 1-2 | March 16-April 20 (6 weeks) March 16, 2020 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm

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© TTSA 2015 Sign up to our newsletter to keep up to date with all the latest news and developments - CLICK HERE. Follow us on Twitter Our forward thinking research projects focus on improving pupil outcomes by developing skills and experiences of teachers to sustain great teaching. Research gives us the opportunity and tools to analyse new approaches and consider implications of any changes made. Collaborative working across the alliance enables us to refine our research practices and share outcomes maximising the impact on standards across the alliance. Our Vision for Research & Development Research and development is in at the heart of our alliance’s work. TTSA coordinates research & development between schools, the University of Manchester Coalition of Research Schools, Trafford Council and Trafford Innovation and Intelligence Lab. This work plays a significant and valuable role in: Our Research & Development Strategic Partners Trafford Innovation & Intelligence Lab take on a role that looks at identifying opportunities for research - using data and evidence to see what specific areas of focus would be most beneficial, and which schools are best placed to carry it out. Research can take any form - looking at behaviour, teaching methods, progress, etc. A large part of this is communicating the outcomes of the research in a variety of ways, ranging from data visualisations, infographics and reports. The lab will also be using data to track the outcomes of the research, and wherever possible, making any data that gets generated available as open data. Being able to use open data to direct workstreams, and then using it to show improvements in teaching and learning is a very good application of open data - with tangible benefits for children. The Coalition of Research Schools (CoRS) is from the Centre for Equity in Education within the University of Manchester. It was set up in 2011, CoRS invites schools to commit to and participate in research activities to inform their development. The inquiries are concerned with finding effective ways of improving the achievement of all pupils, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Researchers from the Centre for Equity work with the schools in identifying and responding to factors that need to be addressed in order to improve outcomes for vulnerable groups of learners. Research teams meet regularly throughout the year to plan, share, interrogate and learn from each other’s inquiry based developments. Every year, teachers in groups of 10-15 schools, develop and trial better ways of working with some of their most vulnerable students. Sometimes just a few students are the focus of their work, other times larger numbers benefit from these developments. Because teachers monitor what they do, they know that those students are better supported, more successful and more content than they otherwise would have been. Science and Engineering Research and Innovation Cluster In March 2016 a cluster of TTSA schools will launch Fascinate projects with the Science and Engineering Research Innovation department from The University of Manchester. These innovative projects will be underpinned with educational research focusing on the development of Science teaching and learning whilst inspiring and fascinating children.

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The Letter, A brief history In the beginning, there were no letters. Early peoples of the earth only needed a club and their wits (which arrived later) to get through life, soon hippies arrived and ruined everything. With their infernal need for "community", and "communication", they forced an early alphabet upon the unwary cavepeople and their neighbors, the Johnsons. For a few decades, everything was good, until the cavepeople and the Johnsons discovered washing, and the hippies didn't. This development forced the two nomadic tribes to move on, and spread civilization, and with it, more letters. It wasn't long after the Fall of Rome that the impact of these roving societies was felt. Dozens, of languages had sprouted up, and with each of them came new letters and alphabets. Many, such as Sandscrit and Aramaic, died out after a few thousand years. Others, such as Ebonics, just done sprung up in da hood yessaday. While the onset of letters (plural) quickly turned the primitive, beastlike peoples of earth into modern, beastlike people, it didn't do much for certain kinds of communication. Poets and rappers responded, by inventing letters (single), a word brought into being because it was a piece of paper with a multitute of letters (plural), in sentences and stuff. These inventions were good for romancing a girlfriend, or thanking a grandparent for that sweater at Christmas you didn't really want. In recent times, letters have sprung up in everything from cereal to cinema. To this day, letters has a movie career rivaled only by Hollywood's top actors and actresses. During letters' movie career, it picked up a nasty coke habit, hung out with Charlie Sheen, and generally had way too much fun with the hookers, if you know what I mean. It was only after a nasty brush with the law, a near fatal accident, and letter combination ph's suicide did the rest of the bunch check themselves into a Malibu rehab facility. Six months later, they graduated from the clinic and started touring the nation with Widespread Panic and O.A.R., seemingly cured of all that ailed them. They still make appearances at colleges and high schools around the country, but only when touring season is over, and only for a hefty price of 1 dollar. Most Famous Letters - A (NOTE: When colored red, or a deep scarlet, this letter can be used to brand whores, so it's easier to find them when you're drunk and horny.) - A letter from St. Paul to the Corinthians - Pecan, this letter is not rendered well on moust browsers because of Badgerites. It makes the "djakar" sound. - Dear America: Letters Home from Vietnam - Nine Letters to Bertha - Letters to an Unknown Lover - Last Letters Home: Voices of American Troops from the Battlefields of Iraq - Hitchhiking Vietnam: Letters from the Trail - Einstein - Some Pictures and Letters - The Broadcast Shop World: Some Love Letters by the Imaginative Pigs - Chain Letters - Don't Write Letters - Letters at Midnight - Letters from Nebraska - Letters From the Dead - Letters to Mom - Letters of the Great War - Love Letters of a Lifetime - A Man of Letters - Red Letters - The Sidmouth Letters - Trivial Things That People Say in Normal Letters - The Scarlet Letter (The Bad Version) |Letters of the Alphabet:| |Sleep||Web browser||Prev||Play||Stop||Next||Mute||Volume up||Volume down||CTRL-ALT-DEL||Launch Nuke||LOL!||Produced by | N o b o d y c a r e s ® |Ctrl||FN||Linux||Alt||s p a c e b a r||Alt Gr||Win||Cmd||Ctrl||←||↓||→||0||.|

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Today is a special day! On the 22nd of May in 1859, Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Yes, it’s the birthday of Sherlock Holmes’ dad! In this blog post, I’ll highlight 10 things about Doyle’s life that you may not have known – until now. So if you want to know more about the man who gave us some of the world’s most famous detective stories and took us on an adventure to ‘The Lost World’, do read on! 1. His full name is Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle. Even though he is often referred to as simply Conan Doyle, Conan was a middle name and not part of his surname. 2. His father suffered from alcoholism and psychiatric illness, and when Doyle was five, the family broke apart – only to reunite again three years later. 3. Doyle had a medical degree from the University of Edinburgh Medical School and was an actual doctor before he dedicated his life to writing. 4. Doyle’s first academic article “Gelsemium as a Poison” was published in the British Medical Journal – I’m not surprised by the topic at all… 5. In 1886, Doyle received £25 (about £2500 today) for all the rights to ‘A Study in Scarlet’, his first work featuring Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson. 6. Doyle had an ambivalent relationship with Sherlock Homes. In 1891 he apparently wrote to his mother, “I think of slaying Holmes, … and winding him up for good and all. He takes my mind from better things.” His mother wasn’t a fan of the idea and wrote back with, “You won’t! You can’t! You mustn’t!” 7. Doyle got so tired of writing about Holmes that he demanded an incredibly high price for future Holmes stories in the hopes that his publishers’ would be discouraged from demanding more. They weren’t, and Doyle ended up becoming one of the best-paid authors of his time. 8. Doyle played amateur cricket on the Allahakbarries team which had been founded by author J.M. Barrie (Peter Pan’s dad). Other interesting members included: A. A. Milne (Winnie-the-Pooh’s dad), Rudyard Kipling (author of e.g., The Jungle Book), and H. G. Wells (author of e.g., War of the Worlds). 9. Arthur Conan Doyle was also friends with Harry Houdini at one point, but their different views on spiritualism ended the friendship. Doyle was a strong believer of spiritualism and took offence when Houdini began to expose mediums as frauds. 10. When Doyle died of a heart attack in 1930 at the age of 71, his last words were “You are wonderful”, which were spoken to his wife. Aww, isn’t that just romantic?! So there you have it! 10 facts about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle that you probably didn’t know. What surprised you the most? Did you know any of the facts already? And if you have any other interesting facts about this famous author, do share them in the comments below!

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Establishment of a money system (Close this window to return to the main contents) Before the arrival of the Dutch in Guyana, the Amerindians survived on subsistence farming, hunting and fishing. From time to time they used a barter system by which they exchanged goods with each other. For example, one person might give half a deer to his neighbor in exchange for a basket of sweet potatoes. But actually, the Amerindians did not barter much among themselves since they farmed, hunted and fished in communal groups, and they shared the produce among themselves. Later, the Dutch colonists and traders bartered European goods such as knives, cutlasses, and cloth for indigo and dye-woods which were collected by the Amerindians. Money was introduced by the Dutch colonists, but there was never much in circulation. Actually, for large business transactions, they rarely used money. It was normal for them to write promissory notes which eventually would be redeemed from their agents in Amsterdam where they sent their sugar and other produce to be sold. The Dutch colonists introduced the guilder and other coins such as pennings, stivers and bitts whose values fluctuated over time. Side by side with these coins from other European nations circulated. These included the English guinea, the Mexican dollar, and the Portuguese gold ducat, moidore, and joe. By the end of the eighteenth century a type of paper money issued by the Government or the banks in Europe began appearing in Guyana. Usually, when a person had accumulated a quantity of paper money, he would exchange the notes for gold at the Receiver's Office for Colonial Taxes. This Office would then re-issue the paper money to the general public again. When the British seized over Guyana in 1803, English coins began to make a gradual appearance. But the Dutch coins continued to be the main means of commercial exchange throughout the rest of the century, by which time the Portuguese and Mexican coins could hardly be found in circulation. Many slaves saved coins that they acquired by doing odd jobs during their free time, or through the sale of the produce from their provision grounds. Interestingly, the first bank to be established was a savings bank for the slaves in 1828. This occurred at a time when the British Government was implementing policies aimed at improving the social condition of the slave population in its colonies. In 1836, two other banks, the Colonial Bank and the British Guiana Bank, were set up. The former, many years later, was taken over by Barclays Bank, while the latter, during the second decade of the twentieth century, was absorbed by the Royal Bank of Canada. In 1900, the Dutch coins were withdrawn and were replaced by British coins such as the half penny, penny, sixpence, twelve pence, shilling, florin, half crown, crown, sovereign and guinea. Official British paper money was also introduced into Guyana at this time. This system of currency remained until 1951 when Guyana joined with the British Eastern Caribbean territories to use common Eastern Caribbean coins and currency notes, even though many of the British coins continued to circulate for a while. Guyana, on attaining independence in 1966, withdrew from the Eastern Caribbean currency board and began to issue its own coins (one cent, five cents, ten cents, twenty-five cents, fifty cents) and currency notes with values of one dollar, five dollars, ten dollars and twenty dollars

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Solid Waste Management refers to effectively dealing with the solid waste. It is essential to manage waste properly so that it can be used constructively either through reducing, reusing and recycling. These 3R’s remain central to managing solid waste in the most efficient manner. We cannot negate the effect of solid waste on the environment. Hence, solid waste management is need of the hour. It involves several processes ranging from segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste so that it can be dumped organically. Solid Waste Management aims at finding solutions to converting solid wastes into consumable items. Hence, it should be encouraged as it can help us to deal with waste minimization in the most productive way. There are various types in which solid waste can be categorized. This includes biodegradable and non biodegradable, recyclable and non recyclable waste. Managing solid waste thus becomes easier with such demarcations. Some of the Solid Waste Management techniques are as follows : - Refused Dried Fuel - Waste To Energy Apart from these, there are several other methods which can help to reduce the accumulation of solid waste. Some of them include paper, plastic, glass, metal recycling process. Recycling aims at converting the waste material into useful substances. There are many other multitude methods which can be adopted even on an individual level which can play an instrumental role in managing solid waste wisely. Solid Waste Management should be encouraged as waste can be put to use for future purposes. Someone has rightly said that not all solid waste is mere trash and disposing or discarding it is definitely not the right way. Waste can also turn out to be a valuable resource and we can reap benefits of it only if we learn several waste management practices. There are a multiple reasons as to why solid waste management is imperative for the sustainable growth and survival of human beings. Firstly, if waste is not disposed of properly, then it can cause various safety and health problems. Secondly, proper management of solid waste is a step closer to living in an improved place which ensures better water and air quality. Last but not the least, managing solid waste can also help in reducing environmental problems. Hence, it aims at bridging up the chasm between cleaner environment and healthier human lifestyle. Various initiatives and governmental schemes have proved to be fruitful in managing solid waste and yielded great results. Hence, in a nutshell, it wouldn’t be wrong to say that Solid Waste Management opens doors to a healthier lifestyle and greener environment. All you need to remember is that each and every individual can contribute to managing solid waste more effectively and efficiently.

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I hear BTA is a part of the New Tech Network. What is the New Tech Network? New Tech Network (NTN) works with districts and communities throughout the country to transform schools into innovative learning environments. NTN schools are designed to inspire and engage all students. Relevant and authentic learning experiences are offered in all subjects. Students can develop skills essential for both college and career, in addition to mastering academics. NTN is an advocate for comprehensive school change. Explore these links to learn more about the New Tech Network: Some core classes are two subjects combined (English and History, for example). Please tell me about this. Combining related subjects allows students to see how the learned content can be applied to the real world. A work environment requires integrating multiple skills and this will help students prepare for that. The combined classes in BTA last year-long. Students take any related SOL for a combined class in the spring. What does Project-Based Learning (PBL) really mean? PBL uses inquiry and technology to engage students with issues and problems that relate to their lives. Students become active learners and doers who take responsibility in completing projects. Their learning goes from guided inquiry to open inquiry, meaning they take on the responsibility of learning the material more in-depth. Are grades based on individual research (how much research a student provides to his or her team), or do students receive a grade (as a team) based on the final outcome of the project? There are individual grades given along the way. Individuals who do not complete the required group assignments can be fired from the group and required to complete the entire project on their own. At the end of each project the entire group will present, and group and individual grades will be given for presentations. A student's final grade is primarily based on individual growth. How are students graded? Students are graded based on the New Tech Network learning outcomes of content knowledge and thinking, collaboration skills, agency, oral communication skills, and written communication skills. There are rubrics that outline each of these learning outcomes. In addition, each project has its own rubric for how students will be graded. Are there basic tests given such as a math test or a vocabulary test, or is everything project-based? Yes, students will still be assessed as individuals. What is the daily schedule like for a 9th grader? All students at BHS take four classes a day. In Bengla Tech, a 9th grader typically has two blocks of integrated courses (English and World History I, Biology and Health/PE 9), and then two blocks of single courses. One of those courses is math, which is also taught as a Bengal Tech problem based learning class. On average, students are in BTA for half the day and in other parts of BHS for the other half. Is there insurance available through Henry County Schools for the laptops that students take home? BTA is a 1:1 school, meaning each student receives his or her own MacBook Air to use. Yes, there is an insurance option available. Will the BTA students be able to participate in extra-curricular activities and sports? Yes, all BHS activities are available for all BHS students, which includes BTA students. BTA students are able to enroll in other courses such as band or JROTC. BTA students are also eligible to enroll in PHCC degree programs, Career Academy, ACE, or Governor's School if they meet the requirements established by those programs. Are graduation requirements different for BTA students? No. All Henry County Public Schools students have the same graduation requirements and take the same Virginia Standards of Learning assessments. What if my child changes his/her mind? Students are required to stay with the program for the academic year. They can choose to leave the program after the year has ended. For example, a student who commits to BTA, will remain with BTA for 9th grade, but can choose not to participate in 10th grade. Can parents still monitor their child’s progress online for BTA? Student progress can be monitored for BTA courses through Powerschool Learning, our online learning management system. PSL is used for everything related to a course. Students and parents can access daily agendas, project briefcases, resources, and grades.

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Rolls-Royce has made it their mission to build the world’s fastest electric plane with a target speed obtaining the ability to go above 300 mph. As the unveiling of the plane at Gloucestershire Airport marks an imperative step towards a new age of luxury travel, work now begins on integrating the ground-breaking electrical propulsion system to enable the zero-emissions plane to make history. Rolling out a new initiative, Rolls-Royce is introducing ACCEL short for “Accelerating the Electrification of Flight” and is a key part of the brand’s strategy to master electrification. Rob Watson, Director of Rolls-Royce Electrical said building the world’s fastest all-electric aircraft is a change in aviation. “Building the world’s fastest all-electric aircraft is nothing less than a revolutionary step change in aviation and we are delighted to unveil the ACCEL project plane,” Watson said “This is not only an important step towards the world-record attempt but will also help to develop Rolls-Royce’s capabilities and ensure that we are at the forefront of developing technology that can play a fundamental role in enabling the transition to a low carbon global economy.” According to a December 2019 press release, ACCEL will have the most power-dense battery pack ever assembled for an aircraft, providing enough energy to fuel 250 homes or fly 200 miles, which is the same distance from London to Paris. The electric plane is able to go above and beyond all on a single charge. The electric plane propeller is driven by three high power density axial electric motors. When comparing this plane to a conventional aircraft, the propeller blades spin at a far lower RPM to deliver a more stable and quieter ride (not dissimilar to Rolls-Royce’s luxury autos). CEO of YASA, Chris Harris, says the advantages we see on the road are amplified in the air where reducing size and weight for a given power and torque is even more important. “YASA’s electric motor technology is ideal for powering electric flight,” Harris explained. “The advantages we see on the road are amplified in the air where reducing size and weight for a given power and torque is even more important. We share the same passion for engineering as the team at Rolls-Royce and are partnered with them on ACCEL, a project that’s ushering a new age of sustainable, electric flight.” Also unveiled was the ionBird test airframe which was named after the electrical technology propelling the aircraft. The ionBird will be used to test the propulsion system before it is built into the plane. Planned tests over the next couple of months include running the propulsion system up to full power, as well as key airworthiness checks. Gary Elliott, CEO of the Aerospace Technology Institute says ATI believes the project will lead to exciting, new developments in electric propulsion. “The ATI is proud to partner with Rolls-Royce on the ACCEL program because we believe it will lead to exciting, new developments in electric propulsion. One of the priorities of the ATI is looking at how aviation can be more sustainable,” Elliott said. “ACCEL will be a critical step in our understanding of how electric propulsion fits into that broader aspiration for the UK, aerospace sector.” With the ACCEL project being one of the ways Rolls-Royce is developing lower carbon power, the project is part of the airline’s goal to replace and electrify its regional fleet of more than 30 planes by 2030. The project draws in a host of partners including electric motor and controller manufacturer YASA and the aviation start-up Electroflight, Airbus on the E-Fan X technology demonstrator project and Widerǿe, the largest airline in Scandinavia. Half of the project’s funding is provided by Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI), in partnership with the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy and Innovate UK.

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The question about salt comes up very frequently from parents I talk to, in particular if babies are above 1 year of age. Before 1 year, everybody has accepted that a “no salt policy” is a good one for baby food, but somehow there is this thinking that something magical happens at the age of one and suddenly salt intake can be totally liberalised. Of course kidneys mature with age and the amount of salt tolerated increases, but the idea behind the guidelines for reducing salt intake is also to raise a new generation of adults that are not as salt dependent as many of us are and therefore become healthier adults. It is well known in adults that excessive salt intake affects blood pressure, but new research has shown that high salt intake in children may predispose children to high blood pressure, osteoporosis, respiratory illness (i.e. asthma), stomach cancer and obesity. So how much can your child have? The following are recommended intakes for the UK, but other EU countries have similar guidelines. 0-6 month: < 1 g per day 6-12 months: 1 g/day 1-3 years: 2 g/day 4-6 years: 3 g/day 7-10 year: 5 g/day 11 years and above: 6 g/day (adult requirements) Simple tips for reducing salt in your toddler’s diet: - Do not add salt to food – you can use herbs, spices and garlic/onion to make the food really yummy - Be careful of adult type crisp/salty crackers - Be careful of sauces/stock – you can find baby stock that does not have salt added and even better make your own - Smoked salmon, ham, cheese, bacon and many sausages contain a lot of salt, so best to keep the intake limited of these foods - You can also find a lot of salt in bread, snack and even breakfast cereals – food companies in the UK have really improved, but its important to be aware of hidden sources How to read labels? Firstly you need to know how to convert salt to sodium and visa versa, as many of the labels use sodium rather than salt. Salt = sodium x 2.5 – so if something contains 2.4g of sodium, it means it contains 6 g of salt. Be careful as often sodium is put in mg, so 2400 mg of sodium = 6 g of salt. Let me give you some further examples: if a product per 100 g contains 300 mg of sodium, this is 0.3g sodium x 2.5 = 0.75g of salt or if the product contains 0.2 g of sodium = 0.5g of salt. Hope this makes sense. Many products now use a traffic light system to indicate salt content and are provided per 100g portion of the specific food. - High is more than 1.5g salt (0.6g sodium) per 100g. These foods may be colour-coded red. - Medium is between 0.3 (0.1 sodium) and 1.5 g (0.6 g sodium) salt per 100g. These foods may be colour-coded in amber - Low is 0.3g salt (0.1g sodium) or less per 100g. These foods may be colour-coded green. You will see that the UK has published 2017 salt reduction targets for foods like ham, bread and other general products, which should help all of us in the future. You can read them here.

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“The study of history can sometimes fool us into the belief that societies progressively improve on what has come before, as our body of knowledge increases. It seems we do not march slowly forward to an ultimate solution in this regard, but rather we tend to reinvent and then forget.” Kim Gurr “A History of Seating in the Western World” discusses seating beginning with ancient Egypt through the modern ergonomics professional. It is a research paper based on the Postgraduate Diploma in Ergonomics Research project performed by Kim Gurr under the supervision of Leon Straker, Physiotherapy, and Phillip Moore, Social Sciences, at the Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia. Unfortunately, Ms. Gurr died before finalizing her research. Seating is Important for Ergonomics Seating is an important issue for contemporary ergonomics. Its frequent use by humans and its association with musculoskeletal disorders are just some of the reasons for its importance. Ancient History of Seating through the Modern History of Western Seating To understand the place of seating in modern Western societies, it is useful to understand its history. This paper presents an overview of the ancient history of seating and the modern history of Western seating with particular emphasis on the design influences over the past 5,000 year period. Continue reading “A History of Seating in the Western World by Kim Gurr” “Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for lost work time and Workers’ Compensation claims,” (Chase, J.A., et al., 1991). Low back pain is common among sitting individuals In a study of the relationship between lordosis (the curve of the spine) and sitting, researchers (Keegan JJ) found the most important factor in low back pain with prolonged sitting to be decreased trunk-thigh angle with consequent flattening of the lumbar spine. The flattening of the lumbar curve happens when an individuals slouches or leans forward often while sitting on a flat seat surface. Continue reading “Tips to Minimize Back Pain” Changes during pregnancy, such as constipation, hemorrhoids, heartburn, pelvic pain, and back pain are discussed as well as what to expect when you go to the hospital for a vaginal delivery. This document about Pregnancy and Labor and Delivery of a baby was written by Darren Salinger, M.D., OB/GYN with answers to questions frequently asked by patents during his more than 20 years of practice. What to expect during Pregnancy The changes that take place during the short span of human pregnancy are profound. Many of these changes occur soon after fertilization and continue throughout the entire pregnancy. Most of these incredible adaptations are in response to the growing fetus and the hormonal changes the fetus produces in its mother. Continue reading “PREGNANCY — Fertilization to Labor and Delivery” “The spine affects and is affected by every movement your body makes. The way you stand, the way you sit, the way you move, the way you pick up and carry objects — all these things have the potential to help or hurt your back.”Mary Pullig-Schatz, M.D., Centennial Medical Center in Nashville, TN Who is at risk for back pain? Up to 75 percent of the population experience low back pain lasting more than one week at some point in their lives. Back pain in people 18-24 In a one year period, the estimate of people with an episode of back pain is about 17 percent. Also the estimate of the people 18 to 24 years having back pain in a one year period is 13 percent. “The prevalence of back pain in the youngest group studied (18-24 years old) was 13 percent for females and males.” Continue reading “Back Pain — Causes, Types, Categories, Risk Factors, Red Flags and Treatments ”

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The other night I stepped outside for a minute and was immediately mesmerized, a quiet smile suffusing my heart. The nighthawks were calling as they soared over the rail yard across from my house in Baltimore. Nighthawks, also known as goatsuckers, are in the Caprimiguldae or nightjar family, according to the American Bird Conservancy. They are remarkable birds that feed on the wing by opening their mouths and scooping up flying insects. Hearing them on a chilly February night lightens the heart, as they are among the true harbingers of Spring. Although the voice of a single Common Nighthawk (the species most frequently found in Maryland) is a simple nasal “peent” (and when diving, a booming mechanical sound), they migrate in flocks, and when a flock is calling the blending of voices creates a compelling, dissonant harmony. I listen as they glide above the rail yard, between a busy interstate and a neighborhood of row homes. Is this not a miracle—that creatures so wild can grant us their voice, despite the concrete, cars, and noise nearby? They ask nothing in return–only that they are left alone–and they remind us that despite our conceits we share this planet with other beings. Although classified as a bird of least concern, Common Nighthawks are in steep decline, with an estimated 61 percent drop in population since the mid-1960s, according to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology (CLO). They are long-distance migrants, forming large flocks as they fly 1600 to more than 4000 miles each way–among the longest migratory routes of any North American bird. According to CLO, Common Nighthawks migrate overland through Mexico and Central America, with many passing over Florida and Cuba before crossing the Gulf of Mexico to their wintering grounds in southern South America. Along the way, they stop in woodlands, coastal dunes, river valleys, farmlands, and marshes. Habitat loss, pesticides, and collisions with cars while the birds forage over highways at night are factors in their decline. Nighthawks lay their eggs on gravel beaches, rocky outcrops, open ground, and forest floors, according to COL, and in cities, on flat gravel roofs. They do not build nests, relying instead on camouflage. When nesting on gravel roofs the eggs and nestlings may suffer predation from crows and birds of prey. A recent study in Conservation Physiology also found that increasing temperatures as a result of climate change are associated with high stress levels in nighthawk chicks. New Hampshire Audubon has urged homeowners and others with flat roofs to create gravel nesting patches for urban nighthawks. The program, called “Project Nighthawk,” provides specific information on creating these patches. A link to their detailed handbook is here. The common name goatsucker is based on ancient superstition, according to David Sibley, the renowned author-illustrator. Aristotle wrote about the alleged goat-sucking habits of these birds, and in 77 AD, Pliny penned this: “They be night-thieves, for all the day long they see not. Their manner is to come into the shepherds’ coats and goat pens, and to the goats’ udders presently they go and suck the milk at their teats. And look what udder is so milked, it giveth no more milk, but misliketh and falleth away afterward, and the goats become blind withal.“ As Sibley notes, it is unclear if many people actually believed this, and the superstition faded centuries ago, despite the persistence of the nickname. We know with certainty that nighthawks eat only flying insects and have nothing to do with goats. Despite their nocturnal habits and eerily wild calls, Common Nighthawks have adapted to cityscapes. A story in Audubon was titled “The Common Nighthawk is the Cool City Bird You’ve Been Missing.” In my highly urban Baltimore neighborhood, the birds pass through in flocks in late winter or early Spring, and late Summer or early Fall, apparently drawn to flying insects swarming the lights illuminating the rail yard. But they do not linger—their plaintive calls livening the night before moving on. Although nighthawks can be seen during the day, I have seen them here only after dark in silhouette as they glide above the lights. As I write this they have already passed on—-and I may not hear them here again until late summer when they are on their return migration. But knowing that they have returned once again provides some assurance that–for now, at least—wild things persist as they have despite the heedless activities of man.

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The beginning of twelve step programs is usually traced back to 1935, when Bill W. and Dr. Bob began first meeting together and with other alcoholics and began using a 12 step process for recovery from alcoholism. The organization that grew out of these initial meetings came to be known as "Alcoholics Anonymous" or A.A. and is the model for many subsequent 12 step groups that deal with different addictions besides alcoholism. Because of the tremendous growth of 12 step programs since that time, there are a great deal number of books, websites, treatment facilities and other resources related to the 12 step program. The resources presented here are some of the first and most "standard" references for working the 12 step program. They should be valuable to anyone who wants to work a recovery program using the 12 step approach. This is a compilation of how different fellowships have adapted the wording of the 12 steps for their own needs. The 12 steps for the different groups include groups such as Narcotics Anonymous, Gamblers Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, Marijuana Anonymous, Emotions Anonymous, Co-Dependents Anonymous and many others. For the most part, the steps are usually very similar in wording, building on the wisdom of the initial 12 steps. First published in 1939 and subtitled The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism, the Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) 'Big Book', as it is commonly called, is the first text written about the experiences of the founders of the A.A. movement. It tells the story of Bill W., one of the co-founders of A.A. and how the program worked in the early days of the movement. It is full of much timeless and practical wisdom and is the first standard (and some would say the only standard) text of A.A. and, subsequently, of 12 step programs. Historians have traced the genesis of the 12 step program of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A) back to the Oxford Group, a Christian evangelistic movement from the early 1900s. Bill Wilson, one of the co-founders of A.A., after being visited by an old friend, Ebby Thatcher, was restored to sobriety through the principles from the Oxford Group. In the subsequent development of A.A., Bill Wilson distanced himself from the Oxford Group in order to reach out to others who were forbidden from or uncomfortable with the evangelical Christian emphasis (e.g., Catholics, those following Eastern spiritual traditions, agnostics, atheists). However, many of the practices of the Oxford Group continue in the 12 Step approach (e.g., small group meetings, confession of wrongs) because of their effectiveness regardless of agreement about a Higher Power. Concerning a Higher Power or God, the second step and third step emphasize turning our lives over to the God of our own understanding. This has been criticized by both religious adherents as well as the non-religious sceptics. Those who are religious may sometimes like to say that their way is the best or the only way and so may tend to reject a program that may encourage people to find a spirituality different than their own. The non-religious sceptics may sometimes say that they would not like to even use the name or idea of God or a "Higher Power". And many others are in-between and are not sure what they really believe. But this is the wisdom of the twelve steps. First of all, it teaches tolerance for others who sincerely believe differently than ourselves or who are still trying to figure out what they believe. Secondly, it emphasizes what should be emphasized to the addict, that the overcoming of their addiction is the focus of the 12 step program and not arguing about religion, God or spirituality. Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, it puts responsibility on the addict to become mature enough to find what it takes in their own life to live in a healthy manner, free from addictive behaviors. With that background, the commentaries on the Bible presented in this section are primarily for believers in the importance of the Bible (e.g. Christians or Jews) and highlight the harmony between the Bible and the principles of the 12 Step program. These comments are primarily the thoughts of one person from 12Step.org, so please take them with a grain of salt and, as the 12 step saying goes, "Take what you need and leave the rest".

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Asbestos – the hidden health risk of home renovations A survey conducted earlier this year by a Canadian bank found that nearly 40 per cent of British Columbia (B.C.) homeowners were planning on renovating their homes. And while that’s great news for the construction industry, it’s important to be aware of the health dangers that asbestos-containing building materials in older homes pose to contractors and their crew. For workers in B.C., asbestos-related diseases are the leading cause of death, and the number-one cause of death in the construction industry. Between 1996 and 2017, there were 1,101 deaths due to historical asbestos exposure, and about one-third of those were construction workers. Today, the number one way workers are exposed to asbestos is through unsafe practices during demolitions and renovations in residential construction. WorkSafeBC’s Asbestos Initiatives Program is addressing this issue through ongoing outreach, education, consultation and enforcement activities directed toward employers, workers and industry associations. The goal is to save lives by preventing exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is an odourless, colourless, naturally occurring mineral that can be found in more than 3,000 building materials used in many homes built before 1990. Some common asbestos-containing materials include vinyl and linoleum flooring, loose insulation, roof shingles, stucco, pipe insulation, gypsum-board filling compound and deck under-sheeting, to name a few. In most cases, asbestos-containing materials are safe if left alone. But when disturbed by sanding, cutting, scraping or tearing, asbestos fibres can be released into the air and breathed in. That exposure can cause serious health concerns, including lung diseases and cancer. If you’re a general contractor, you have a responsibility to your workers to ensure a safe workplace. Before work begins that may disturb asbestos, you must ensure that a qualified person carries out an inspection to identify the location of asbestos-containing materials. You must also ensure that hazardous materials are safely removed or contained by a qualified asbestos-abatement contractor before work begins or resumes. Workers, too, have responsibilities for their own health and safety and that of their co-workers, including following safe-work procedures, refusing work they believe may be dangerous or could cause an undue hazard, and reporting the issue. Handling asbestos improperly can result in stop-work orders and fines, which could affect your business through lost hours, missed deadlines and cancelled projects. And if word gets out that you don’t take asbestos seriously, it could harm your professional reputation and your bottom line. Don’t take the risk. For more information on asbestos, visit worksafebc.com/asbestos. Since 1917, WorkSafeBC has helped to improve the health and safety of British Columbians in the workplace. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, and YouTube for the latest announcements, jobs, workplace health and safety resources, and news from WorkSafeBC.

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Three planets have been found 14 light-years away, circling the red dwarf Wolf 1061. One has an orbit compatible with liquid water – and potentially life – making it the closest undisputed planet to Earth in this category. An M-type star with a quarter the Sun's mass and less than a hundredth its light, Wolf 1061 requires a small telescope to see. Even though the outermost planet has an orbit lasting 67.3 days (shorter than Mercury's), it receives less warmth than Mars. The innermost planet orbits in 4.9 days, and is far too hot for life. Appropriately, Wolf 1061c is in the “Goldilocks zone,” a “just right” distance. With a mass at least 4.3 times that of Earth, it could be rocky, and its 17.9-day orbit means an Earth-like average temperature. First author of The Astrophysical Journal Letters paper announcing the discovery, Dr. Duncan Wright of the University of New South Wales told IFLScience that the age and orbital distance indicate Wolf 1061c is probably “tidally locked.” One side of Wolf 1061c may always point towards its parent star, while the other experiences perpetual darkness. In between, a narrow strip may form a sort of localized Goldilocks zone of intermediate temperature. Tidal locking “causes complexity for habitability,” Wright told IFLScience. “It doesn't preclude the possibility of life, but may make it harder.” On the other hand, he added, “there are always some unknowns, you would expect Mercury to be tidally locked and it didn't happen.” Co-author Professor Chris Tinney added to IFLScience: “It is indeed probably the most exciting system we've yet found amongst the 50-odd planets we've found,” referring to his own team and not the overall count of exoplanets, which stands in the thousands. Planetary candidates have been reported around closer stars, some in habitable zones. Three years ago, Tinney announced evidence of five planets around the star Tau Ceti, two light-years closer than Wolf 1061, and our nearest Sun-like star. However, the evidence for Tau Ceti's planets is ambiguous. “In the catalogues, they are usually marked with an asterisk,” Wright said. Sadly for science fiction fans, the hypothesized Tau Ceti planets are probably ill-suited to advanced life, even if real. Reports of a planet around Kapteyn's star are even more questionable, Wright added. Wolf 1061, however, is a very stable star with a slow rotation period, eliminating the noise that often interferes with planetary searches. Consequently, Wright said, “These planetary signals are very clear. There's not really anything else they could be.” He added: “Any effort to estimate the star's age would have big error bars. But slow rotation does suggest a very old star,” offering plenty of time for life to evolve. Besides its orbital distance and mass, we know nothing about Wolf 1061c. Wright said telescope time has been booked to investigate whether any of the planets transit their star, as seen from Earth. Transits would enable us to learn their size, determine mass more precisely, and measure any atmospheres. The authors calculate transit prospects at 14 percent, but Wright told IFLScience there are reasons to think it is higher than this.

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Today is Pi Day and we also lost a very brilliant mind: Stephen Hawking. To me it is sad yet very fitting that Hawking passed away on this day. He was a scientist and also author of A Brief History of Time. It sold more than 10 million copies, although its author was aware that it was dubbed “the most popular book never read”. He also battled ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) for over 50 years, which is an accomplishment in of itself. Here is his obituary courtesy of the BBC: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15555565 His official website is here I have not personally read A Brief History of Time, but felt that I needed to share about it and him today. Rest In Peace Mr. Hawking. 1/08/1942-3/14/2018 A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking First published in 1987; republished in 1998 A landmark volume in science writing by one of the great minds of our time, Stephen Hawking’s book explores such profound questions as: How did the universe begin—and what made its start possible? Does time always flow forward? Is the universe unending—or are there boundaries? Are there other dimensions in space? What will happen when it all ends? Told in language we all can understand, A Brief History of Time plunges into the exotic realms of black holes and quarks, of antimatter and “arrows of time,” of the big bang and a bigger God—where the possibilities are wondrous and unexpected. With exciting images and profound imagination, Stephen Hawking brings us closer to the ultimate secrets at the very heart of creation. Hawking’s Goodreads Bio: Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he had hoped to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973 Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, and since 1979 has held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The chair was founded in 1663 with money left in the will of the Reverend Henry Lucas, who had been the Member of Parliament for the University. It was first held by Isaac Barrow, and then in 1669 by Isaac Newton. Stephen Hawking worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science. His many publications include The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime with G.F.R. Ellis, General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, with W. Israel, and 300 Years of Gravity, with W. Israel. Stephen Hawking has three popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays and most recently in 2001, The Universe in a Nutshell. Professor Hawking received twelve honorary degrees, was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He was the recipient of many awards, medals and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.

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5 of the Biggest Problems Facing Fish in Our Oceans When many people think of getting away on a summer holiday, they picture themselves relaxing on a beautiful white sandy beach, with a great blue sea within a stone’s throw. The harsh reality is though, that tourism is damaging the ocean in numerous different ways, and the vast ecosystem which relies on the waters to survive. From species extinction to reef destruction, scientists are currently predicting that 90% of the oceans coral reefs will have died by 2050, mostly due to human activity. Robert Woods is here to tell us about some of the biggest problems that our oceans are currently facing. As a fish enthusiast and a nature lover, he set up Fishkeeping World to educate people on looking after fish sustainably and discourages the use of wild-caught fish within the industry. Overfishing is a very serious threat to the life in our oceans. Whether its fish being taking for the aquarium industry, or the food industry. The Food and Agriculture Organization have estimated that over 50% of marine fish have been fully exploited. Tourists put a lot of pressure on beach side resorts as food also affects the food chain, and larger predators that lose their food source. The methods which are used for fishing are often damaging too. Bottom trawling destroys habitats, and captures a whole range of fish which aren’t particularly useful in the food industry so they’re killed for no reason. Tourists are also contributing towards the amount of plastic which is ending up in our oceans. Each summer, the number of tourists hitting the Mediterranean beaches, bring a huge amount of littler with them too. A report released by WWF revealed that tourists cause a 40 per cent rise in the amount of waste entering the Mediterranean, and 95% of that waste is plastic. This plastic is damaging for all the species which inhabit the ocean, turtles and fish are choking on the plastic, or getting tangled up in waste which enters the sea. Currently, between 1.15 and 2.41 million tons of plastic enter the ocean every single year. Ocean Acidification is the lowering of the pH in the waters in the ocean over a period of time. The ocean absorbs CO2 which is produced around the world, helping to keep up cooler, but unfortunately making the ocean more acidic. Over the last 200 years, our carbon emissions have risen considerably, and the pH of the surface waters in the ocean has fallen by 0.1pH. Whilst this might not sound like a huge amount, this is actually a 30 percent increase in acidity which is damaging to calcifying organisms such as corals, clams and oysters. Since these form the basis of many other species diet, this is extremely detrimental to our oceans. When tourists take flights to reach their holiday destination, this increases the amount of carbon emissions being released which ultimately impacts on the ocean. Many people choose to go diving or snorkeling when they’re staying at a beachside resort. Often they don’t have any experience in diving and are allowed to swim closely to coral reefs. For example, 93% of reefs in Costa Rica are in danger and tourism is a significant factor in their deterioration. When tourists touch or break off parts of the reef, corals get stressed and try to fight off the predator which leads to coral bleaching. This ultimately kills the coral off and they no longer contribute to the biodiversity of the reef. Not only does this affect that individual coral, but it also affects other species which rely on the corals to survive. The vast majority of tourists to visit sunny climates, wear sunscreen to protect their skin from sun damage. Unfortunately the vast majority of regular sunscreens contain lots of chemicals which enter the sea when tourists go for a swim. These chemicals are killing off coral reefs, again through coral bleaching. An estimated 14,000 tons of sunscreen ends up in the ocean each year, damaging reefs, the areas which the most damage are popular tourist destinations such as Hawaii and the Caribbean. Each of the above points shows how tourism is directly linked to some of the main problems which our oceans are facing; from increased plastic pollution, ocean acidification, and overfishing. Tourism puts huge strain on holiday destinations. If you want to do something to take action against these effects, make sure that you are a responsible tourist. Here are a few things you can do: - Take reusable bottles and containers for food rather than buying plastic. - Choose an ethical sunscreen. - Make sure any food you eat has been farmed sustainably.

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Studies show people with medical conditions such as heart disease, mental illness, or other chronic diseases are most vulnerable to the negative consequences of stress, but healthy people are also at a risk. The link between stress and heart-related problems has been widely studied, and researchers say that mental stress increases the body's demand for oxygen by raising blood pressure and heart rate. For people who already suffer from heart disease, this additional burden can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and even death. Stress can also act as a trigger for heart attack or stroke in people with undiagnosed heart disease, according to David S. Krantz, PhD, chairman of the department of medical and clinical psychology at Uniformed Services University in Bethesda, Md. He says stress can set off dangerous plaque ruptures in people who may not know that they're in the early stages of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, and those ruptures can lead to potentially life-threatening events like heart attacks or strokes. Steven Tovian, PhD, director of health psychology at Evanston Northwestern Healthcare in Evanston, Ill., says stress also directly affects a part of the nervous system that controls the glands, heart, digestive system, respiratory system, and skin. That means any pre-existing medical condition that is influenced by a nervous system response such as chronic pain, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), digestive disorders, or headaches is likely to become exacerbated by stress when the already overworked system becomes overloaded by additional stress. Attitude Is Everything But you don't have to be ill to suffer from the effects of stress on your physical as well as mental health. Stress can also make healthy people more vulnerable to sickness by weakening the immune system and making it easier to catch a cold or other contagious illness. Suzanne Segerstrom, PhD, says what happens is that certain components of the immune system become less effective at fighting off illness, especially those caused by viruses, when exposed to stress over days or weeks. But she says attitude plays a critical role in tempering that reaction. "The main principle is that the effect on the immune system is not a factor of what's happening in the environment, but it's an effect of your perception of it," says Segerstrom, who is assistant professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. "To the degree that you feel threatened or overwhelmed, the immune system will be affected more." Segerstrom says that people who focus only on negative information to the exclusion of more positive information will perceive more stress and, therefore, suffer more serious consequences in their mental and physical health. That's why it's important to keep a balanced perspective on events going on in the world as well as closer to home. Relieving Stress and Getting Help To ease the negative effects of stress on your health, experts recommend the following tips to reduce your stress and keep your life in balance: - Attempt to maintain a normal routine. Sticking to a schedule can help you feel more in control of your life even when the circumstances around you are chaotic. - Make and keep connections with friends, family, clergy, and other confidants. Maintaining a strong social support network can act as a buffer against stress. - Make time for things that you enjoy, whatever that may be, such as playing with your children or pets, exercise, reading a book, etc. - Give yourself a break and stay away from things that rile you in times of stress. Limit contact with people or things that cause stress, especially around bedtime. - Participate in a volunteer activity. Assisting others in a time of need can be empowering. - Take care of yourself. Don't let stress affect your diet, sleep schedule, or exercise habits. Tovian says there are also several warning signs to look for that can signal when stress levels are exceeding healthy limits. Symptoms of stress overload include: - Disruption in sleeping habits - Change in appetite or diet - Change in mood, such as a loss of optimism or feeling overwhelmed - Inability to put stress in long-term perspective or see the bigger picture - Increase in anger or irritability If you suffer from these symptoms, experts say it's important to reach out to family and friends. If your symptoms continue, seek out advice from your doctor or a mental health professional trained to deal with these issues. Therapies to help people fight the health effects of stress usually target either altering factors in the environment that are causing stress or changing how people perceive and respond to stress through counseling on stress management, biofeedback, and/or drug treatment.

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One of the most amazing green vegetables is spinach. It’s full of minerals and vitamins and also provides great protection for your bones and eyesight. Researchers are still discovering new health benefits of spinach, but there are some which are already known. Find out what great health benefits spinach provides and why you should include this green vegetable in your diet. 1. Good eyesight Spinach is a good source of lutein, xanthene and beta-carotene, all of which are good for your eyesight. Cooked spinach supplies your eyes with beta carotene. Spinach can prevent people from suffering from itching eyes, dry eyes, eye ulcers and vitamin A deficiency. This is also due to some spinach’s anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the irritation or puffiness in the eyes. 2. Strengthens muscles A factor C0-Q10 can be found in spinach. This antioxidant has a role in strengthening muscles, especially heart muscles which are pumping blood to every part of your body. C0-Q10 can be used to treat and prevent a lot of cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. 3. Anti-cancer properties Spinach contains a lot of important constituents which are found to be promising in the prevention and treatment of many types of cancer, such as prostate, liver, lung and bladder cancers. Chlorophyllin, tocopherol and folate are all different constituents in spinach which act via different mechanisms to protect and treat people who are suffering from cancer. According to studies, spinach is also very effective against aggressive prostate cancer. This is connected to unique carotenoids called epoxy xanthophylls, along with violaxanthin and neoxanthin, which directly reduce the spread of cancer and the activity of tumors throughout the body. 4. Bone mineralization Vitamin K can be found in spinach. This vitamin retains calcium in the bone matrix, which leads to bone mineralization. In addition, other minerals, such as phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, copper, and manganese are also helping in building up strong bones. Therefore, this can prevent the development of osteoporosis of the bones. These minerals are also maintaining healthy nails and teeth. 5. Prevents atherosclerosis and strokes Hardening of the arteries causes atherosclerosis. Lutein, the pigment found in spinach, reduces the chances of strokes, heart attacks, and atherosclerosis. The reason for this is due to the fact that proteins in spinach tend to reduce the cholesterol as well as other fat deposits in your blood vessels. 6. Maintains blood pressure Spinach has a low content of sodium and a very high content of potassium. Since sodium rises and potassium lowers the blood pressure, this composition of minerals is great for people who have high blood pressure. Spinach also contains folate, which reduces hypertension, relaxes blood vessels, and maintains proper flow of blood. By relaxing the tension of arteries and vessels and reducing high blood pressure, you can increase oxygenation to the body’s organ systems for optimal functionality and reduce stress on the cardiovascular system. 7. Skin protection Studies have been shown that different pigments and phytonutrients protect the skin from the harmful rays of the sun, such as UV rays. To some extent, these not only protect, but also repair the damaged genes, and for that reason preventing skin cancer in the long run.

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The Battle of Barrosa - Introduction March 5th 1811 The Battle of Barrosa was the culmination of an attempt to lift the Siege of Cádiz. A combined Anglo-Spanish force, under the command of Spanish General Manuel la Peña was transferred by sea to near Tarifa, south east of Cádiz. The aim was to march back towards Cádiz and, by co-ordinating with a sortie from Cádiz, to trap the French forces of Marshal Victor, defeat them and destroy the French siege lines and supplies. Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Graham commanded the British contingent. It didn't go to plan. Initially delayed by bad weather, then by problems finding acceptable routes through the coastal zone, the force reached the Barrosa ridge. By this time the Spanish wanted to get back to Cádiz. A sortie from the town had pushed back the French division blocking the route and la Peña pushed forward the meet them. He then called the British forces forward and they started to move. Graham left five Spanish battalions and Browne's battalion (2 companies from each of the 9th, 28th and 82nd) to hold the ridge. A cavalry force under Colonel Samuel Whittingham followed a road along the coast to safeguard the flank and protect the baggage taking this road. However, Victor was an experienced soldier and had hidden his other two divisions north of the Anglo-Spanish line of march waiting for the force to be vulnerable to attack and saw his moment. As soon as Graham was told that Victor's troops were emerging from the woods which had concealed them he realised that the ridge was key to the safety of his force and turned them around. Browne was nearest and he attacked against nearly 10:1 odds to win time. The five Spanish battalions of the rearguard ran away. The rest of Dilkes Brigade followed and, after hard fighting, pushed Ruffin's Division off the ridge. Meanwhile, Wheatley's Brigade were partly in the trees on flatter ground to the north. They faced Leval's Division and pushed them back, aided by well placed artillery under Major Duncan. A French Eagle was captured by the 87th, the first such in the Peninsular War. A lack of cavalry meant that the French were not pursued by the British. It was alleged that the Spanish near Cádiz could have pressed the advantage, but failed to. The dispute nearly led to a duel between Graham and one of the Spanish commanders. Shortly after Graham was transferred to Wellington's main army as second-in-command. La Peña was brought before a court-martial, largely for failing to pursue the French. He was acquitted but stripped of command. Losses were heavy. The British lost about 1240 men out of 5,200. The French some 2,380 out of 10,160. The Spanish lost 300-400 out of about 10,000. The siege was not lifted. This may actually have been a good thing. It diverted considerable French resource away from the fight against Wellington. Places can be referred to by different names. This is not just an English / Spanish translation issue. The following shows equivalents. Boars (wild pigs) were common in the area. It was also considered that the shape of the ridge resembled a boar's leg. Battle of Barrosa |Batalla de Chiclana / Batalla de Cerro del Puerco||Barrosa can be translated as red mud.| The French also refer to it as the Bataille de Chiclana |Barrosa Ridge / Hill||Cerro de Puerco / Lomo del Puerco||Hill of the Pig / Leg (loin) of the Pig| Laguna del Puerco / Laguna de Campano |Lake of the Pig / Lake of the Plain| |Barrosa Tower||Torre Barrosa / Torre del Puerco||Barrosa Tower / Tower of the Pig| The beaches south of Cádiz are wonderful so it's no suprise that the area between Barrosa Ridge and the Sancti Petri is heavily developed with hotels, apartments, restaurants car parks and golf courses. The positive aspect for me was that two bus routes serve the area.

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UPDATE! In the print version of this article, this reporter inadvertently described Anthidium maculosum as a territorial leafcutter bee. It is in fact a wool carder bee. My humble apologies to the bees and the experts who helped identify them. GREEN This summer, I hunted squash bees. The hunt began on a sunny mid-July afternoon at the home of Celeste Ets-Hokin, an advocate for native bees who lives in Oakland and has just published a 2011 calendar on the importance of conserving bee habitats. As Ets-Hokin explains in the forward of her calendar (available from the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation), “Most of our fruit, vegetable, and seed crops depend on bees for pollination. For bees, success depends on habitat, habitat, habitat.” Ets-Hokin has planted her own backyard, on a sunny ridge near Lake Merritt, with lavender, basil, and other bee-attracting plants. Although her yard was abuzz in midsummer with the sound of honey, bumble, carpenter, leafcutter, longhorn, and green metallic sweat bees, there was no sign of squash bees. That’s because squash bees only visit the blossoms of squash plants and other members of the gourd family, which Ets-Hokin doesn’t grow in her yard. So we decided to head for the trials garden next to Lake Merritt, which is funded by the University of California and the Alameda County master gardeners program. Ets-Hokin spent the last 18 months creating a bee-attracting zone in this garden. And now she hoped to find squash bees in the garden’s vegetable patch, where squash and other vegetables are tested for suitability to the local environment. Clad in just shorts and T-shirt, Ets-Hokin looked rather vulnerable, considering she was about to go bee hunting. But, as she explained, there was no imminent threat of stings: female bees only sting those who threaten their nest, and male bees have no stingers. “Male squash bees live to drink (nectar) and have sex with female squash bees,” Ets-Hokin joked, as Rollin Coville, a lanky entomologist who has photographed insects for three decades, joined the squash bee hunt. Dressed in a hat, slacks, and vest and hauling a state-of-the art camera, Coville was hoping to get shots of the elusive male squash bees, which emerge in late summer and can sometimes be found taking naps in the squash blossoms in the afternoon. Last year Ets-Hokin produced a 2010 native bee calendar highlighting Coville’s kickass images and informative sidebars on how to attract these native pollinators to urban yards. This year she focused on the importance of bee habitat on farms in face of proposed food safety regulations that could undermine existing federal bee conservation programs. And she hoped to use Coville’s squash bee photographs as her August 2011 pin-up shot. But before we could escape Ets-Hokin’s yard, Coville quickly withdrew a clear vial from his vest pocket, popped it over a bee on a nearby flower, then corked the vial. The bee began to buzz furiously. “I think it’s a Anthidium maculosum,” Coville declared as he uncorked the vial and let what turned out to be a territorial wool carder bee go back to its business of guarding nectar in a nearby plant. We eventually reached the trial gardens, where Coville showed me how to pry open the fleshy yellow squash flowers that lie half-hidden below the plant’s massive prickly leaves atop budding zucchini that threaten to grow as big as canoes if left unpicked. The first dozen squash blossoms were vacant, save for a few ants and beetles, and Coville wondered aloud if late rains and a cold snap had decimated bee populations. But then I found a squash bee sitting inside a flower like a king on a bright yellow throne. And at the next flower, six squash bees were gently napping inside. As I tried to hold the fleshy flower petals open so Coville could photograph these sleepy males, one petal began to vibrate loudly. I let go and a male bee unwrapped itself from the petal and zoomed away into the undergrowth. At the end of the afternoon when I thanked Ets-Hokin for inviting me on the bee hunt, she turned to Coville and laughed, “I told you she was easily entertained.” For information about native bees, visit www.xerces.org/pollinator-resource-center.

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Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! Valve, in mechanical engineering, device for controlling the flow of fluids (liquids, gases, slurries) in a pipe or other enclosure. Control is by means of a movable element that opens, shuts, or partially obstructs an opening in a passageway. Valves are of seven main types: globe, gate, needle, plug (cock), butterfly, poppet, and spool. In the globe valve shown in the(far left), the movable element M may be a tapered plug or a disk that fits a seat on the valve body; the disk may carry a replaceable rubber or leather washer, as in a household water faucet. In a gate valve, the movable element is a wedge-shaped disk that seats against two tapered faces in the valve body. A needle valve has a long tapered needle fitting in a tapered seat. A plug valve, or cock, is a conical plug with a hole perpendicular to its axis fitting in a conical seat in the valve body at right angles to the pipe. By turning the plug the hole is either lined up with the pipe to permit flow or set at right angles to block the passage. A butterfly valve is a circular disk pivoted along one diameter; the solid lines in the (left centre), show one in the closed position. In the fully open position, shown dotted, the disk is parallel to the direction of flow. The damper in a stovepipe or a warm-air heating system is of this type, which is also used in the intake passage to carburetors on gasoline engines. On hydraulic turbines such valves may be 20 feet or more in diameter. Some valves operate automatically; check (or nonreturn) valves, for example, are self-acting and permit flow in one direction only. They are made in several types. If the movable element in the globe valve in thewere kept on its seat by gravity or a spring, it would permit flow from left to right but not from right to left. Safety valves, which are usually of the poppet type, open at a predetermined pressure. The movable element may be kept on its seat by a weighted lever or a spring strong enough to hold the valve closed until the pressure is reached at which safe operation requires opening. On gasoline engines, poppet valves are used to control the admission and rejection of the intake and exhaust gases to the cylinders. In the (right centre), the valve, which consists of a disk with a tapered edge attached to a shank, is held against the tapered seat C by a compressed spring. The valve is raised from its seat by the action of a rotating cam that pushes on the bottom of the shank, permitting gas flow between region A, which leads to the intake or exhaust pipes, and region B, which leads to the cylinder. In hydrostatic fluid-power systems, in which the working medium is usually pressurized oil, spool valves are employed to regulate the oil flow. The valve shown in the pump. In the extreme upper position, as shown, active flow is from the pump port P to the working, or load, port B; discarded fluid from the load passes from port A to the tank or sump port T. In the extreme lower position, the functions of ports A and B are reversed. In the mid or neutral position of the spool, ports A and B are blocked. The movement of the spool may be manually or electrically controlled.provides two flow paths for the output from a Learn More in these related Britannica articles: energy conversion: Steam engines…reservoir, and a series of valves. Steam was introduced into the reservoir, and the pressure of the steam forced the water out through a one-way outlet valve until the vessel was empty. Water was then sprayed over the surface of the vessel to condense the steam and create a vacuum… water supply system: FittingsMany types of valves are used to control the quantity and direction of water flow. Gate valves are usually installed throughout the pipe network. They allow sections to be shut off and isolated during the repair of broken mains, pumps, or hydrants. A type of valve commonly used… pneumatic device: Major types of pneumatic devicesThe valve type of tool has a separate mechanism to control the airflow to the piston, thus allowing the operator to control the speed and force of the blows. In a compression riveter the compression, or squeezing action, on the rivet is obtained from an air…

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Not evaluated (IUCN 3.1) |Natural range in United States| Hamelia patens is a large perennial shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to the American subtropics and tropics. Its range extends from Florida in the southern United States to as far south as Argentina. Common names include firebush, hummingbird bush, scarlet bush, and redhead. In Belize, this plant's Mayan name is Ix Canaan and is also known as "Guardian of the Forest". Firebush has orangish-red tubular flowers, which recruit hummingbirds and butterflies for pollination. The corollas vary greatly in length, making them attractive to a wide range of pollinators. The fruit is a small dark red berry, turning black at maturity. Hummingbirds are attracted by its flowers and other birds feed on the fruit, both of which will also forage on small insects found in the vicinity, helping to keep down pests. These flowers are also fed on by butterflies, such as the statira sulphur (Aphrissa statira), which are attracted to red flowering plants. The fruits have a refreshing, acidic taste and are also edible by humans; in Mexico, they are made into a fermented drink. The plants are used in folk medicine for a range of ailments.https://floridata.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Hamelia+patens/174 A number of active compounds have been found in firebush, including maruquine, isomaruquine, pteropodine, isopteropodine, palmirine, rumberine, seneciophylline and stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione. The bark contains significant amounts of tannins. - "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved March 13, 2014. - "Hamelia patens". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-12-17. - Welch, Willam C. (2003): Horticulture Update - Firebush (Hamelia patens). Version of June 2003. Retrieved 2009-AUG-25. - Fenster, Charles B. (1991): Selection on Floral Morphology by Hummingbirds. Biotropica 23(1): 98-101. doi:10.2307/2388696 (First page image) - Francis, John K. (undated) http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Hamelia%20patens.pdf Hamelia patens.pdf. Retrieved 2009-AUG-25. - Duke, Jim (2007): Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases - Hamelia patens. Retrieved 2007-09-19. |Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamelia patens.| Data related to Hamelia patens at Wikispecies

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Faculty in education departments at colleges and universities can easily and effectively include environmental education in their teaching through Project Learning Tree. In fact, education professors across the country who develop and teach graduate and undergraduate courses are using PLT to help prepare new teachers for the classroom. Not only are PLT’s materials a way to introduce environmental education into their lesson plans, but pre-service students also get to try out PLT’s teaching methods to experience how to engage students through hands-on learning. One instructor notes, “It benefits college students in seeing how well students respond through interaction and meaningful learning.” A college student commented, “I learned more than just content from this experience. I learned how to modify, accommodate, teach under pressure, and get a science lesson to students in less than 30 minutes.” PLT is incorporated into one aspect or another of teacher education programs at some 360 universities—from science education to early childhood to methods classes. Professors typically incorporate PLT into their methods courses throughout a year, or during the course of a semester. In some cases, actual teaching practice using PLT forms an extensive component of a class assignment or coursework. For example, Alan Sowards, Ed.D., professor of elementary education at Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) in Nacogdoches, Texas developed a program called Bugs, Bees, Butterflies and Blossoms to give SFASU pre-service students practice teaching science in a hands-on, inquiry-based manner in an outdoor setting using PLT’s hands-on activities. About 3,500 students from local schools – ranging from kindergarten through grade 3 – attend each year. In evaluating the class, one student wrote, “Now I have experienced how engaged and excited students get when I use the hands-on activities, science and the environment will be what I use to get my students excited about learning.” Another said, “As I prepared my lesson in the way the PLT handbook outlined, I had several Aha moments of my own where I would say to myself, ‘Oh, I get it!’ I learned that not only am I capable of teaching science, I am capable of learning science as well. I just needed to be taught in the right way. This is a phenomenal revelation that I can’t wait to see in my own students.” About 30% of Pre-K through 8th grade educators who use PLT in their teaching careers are introduced to PLT during their pre-service coursework. PLT Equips Pre-Service Teachers With Environmental Literacy Many pre-service teachers acknowledge the importance of environmental education but are concerned that they lack the necessary skills and knowledge to implement a successful lesson. PLT materials and workshops help pre-service teachers develop a solid understanding of the environment as a teaching subject. Training in PLT helps these future teachers become more confident to teach effectively in both classrooms and outdoor settings. PLT is Easily Adaptable and Effective PLT’s flexible lessons are easy to adapt to any existing curriculum, grade level and subject area. The activities can be integrated across different curriculum areas such as Math, Science, Social Studies, and Language Arts to supplement lesson plans. Additionally, PLT meets local, state, and national academic standards. Both as teaching methods for pre-service teachers and graduate-level classes for in-service teachers, PLT is a great resource for new and experienced teachers. PLT is Engaging for Both University Faculty and Students PLT’s hands-on, activity-based curriculum promotes critical and innovative thinking, knowledge gains and community involvement. In the PreK-8 Environmental Education Activity Guide, for example, 96 activities are well-organized and easy to use for university students who are interested in teaching environmental education in a formal or non-formal setting. PLT has Values for Natural Resources and Recreation Professionals Students pursuing a professional career in natural resources and recreation can benefit from PLT as well. PLT serves as a good educational resource for informal educators who don’t necessarily have an education degree or teaching experience. It is also useful as an applied approach to teaching STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) content in outdoor/informal settings. Watch this YouTube video produced by Ohio PLT.

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SOCIAL – Realising the promise of the demographic dividend How will the region’s ‘youth bulge’, rapid urbanisation and deepening inequality affect its development trajectory? East Africa’s ‘youth bulge’ presents challenges and opportunities - As the rest of the world’s populations age, East Africa’s fast-growing population will be increasingly young. - If East Africa’s transition to low birth rates occurs too slowly, then the ‘demographic dividend’ may not materialise. Urbanization is set to advance rapidly in East Africa and cities will require major investment in order to fulfil their productivity potential - In East Africa, the number of people living in cities is set to more than treble by the middle of the century, rising from 100 million to somewhere in the region of 350–450 million. - Urban areas are considerably more productive than rural ones and governments are trying to encourage spill-overs between clustered firms. - There is a risk that East Africa’s cities become ‘low development traps’ as their fragmented form and lack of adequate infrastructure make them relatively costly to inhabit, navigate, and do business in. In East Africa, GDP growth is being accompanied by rising inequality, which may inhibit development over the medium and long term - Household consumption should expand significantly in East Africa due to population growth and rising incomes, with 6 million households moving from earning less than $5,000 a year in 2015 to between $5,000–$20,000 by 2025. - There are likely to be 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa living under the $1.90 poverty line in 2030, and the gap between the richest and poorest in East Africa has been widening since the turn of the century. - Governments are beginning to explore digital technologies for administering wealth distribution programmes. The advance of technology may erode the global demand for unskilled labour, forcing economies to compete on the basis of skills and education - Enrolment rates at primary and secondary level in sub-Saharan Africa have improved substantially in recent decades, but a ‘learning crisis’ is taking place as students graduate without the skills demanded in the modern economy. - Some firms, governments and universities are exploring the potential of online tools in skills training and education. African migration is expected to accelerate - Since the 1960s, the number of African migrants has increased in line with population growth, although a greater proportion of migrants now leave the continent. - Climate change and growing populations and incomes will see migration within and from Africa increase, with the number migrating per year potentially more than doubling between now and 2050.

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During the year of 1892 the people of Grays were debating whether to provide a Public Library Service from the Rates. In the early 19th Century the foundation of the Sunday School Union had encouraged the spread of books amongst the working class. The 19th century had also seen the growth of mechanics institutes and more importantly the passing of the Public Libraries Act in 1870. The history of Grays Library can be traced back to November 1893 When the Local Government Board appointed a committee to consider establishing a Public Library Service. The first Library was situated in No 1 Bank Buildings, Grays High Street. By 1902 the Library was becoming short of space, as by then it had 1884 volumes. The library committee decided to write a letter to Mr Andrew Carnegie, appealing for a donation towards the cost of building a separate public library Building. Andrew Carnegie was born in Scotland in 1835. In 1848 his family moved to the United States, and settled in Pennsylvania. He had a series of jobs, but in 1865 set up his own steelworks company. When he was 65 he sold the company to J.P Morgan for $480 Million and devoted the rest of his life to Philanthropic activities. His own belief was that the Rich had a moral obligation to give away their wealth to Charity and to be administered for the benefit of the community. One of Carnegie's life long interests was the establishment of Free Libraries available to anyone as a means of self-education. The project was started in 1881 and he eventually spent over $56 Million and established 2,509 libraries throughout the world. A reply to the Committee's letter was received from Mr Carnegie's secretary on 23rd June 1902 stating that Mr Carnegie was willing to donate £3,000 proved a site could be found. Mr Charles Seabrooke and his business partner Mr Astley of Seabrookes Brewery donated a piece of land in Orsett Road where the present Thameside Complex is now located. A local Architect Mr Christopher Shiner was tasked with designing the new Library. The Countess of Warwick opened the Library on 11th November 1903. The cost of the building was £2,591.15.0. The turret clock had been presented by the school children of Grays; this clock was salvaged during demolition and is in the care of the local museum service. During the early part of the First World War, the Library was opened on Sunday evenings for soldiers from Purfleet, but this was discontinued shortly after, due to lack of use. One of the most interesting stories from this period occurred on 3rd June 1915 when the Committee passed a motion to discontinue subscribing to the Times, Daily Mail and the Evening News, due to their criticism of Lord Kitchener. This ban lasted until February 1917. By January 1926 the library had passed a milestone in issuing 10,000 books in a month. In the same year it became necessary to contact the Carnegie Trust again concerning book purchasing as the Library lacked" several works of great utility". On the 28th July 1928 a letter arrived from Mr H. E. Brooks of Stifford Lodge offering to contribute £1,000 towards the cost of enlarging the Free Library Premises, as a memorial to his late father. In 1937 -8 the first branch library was opened at Purfleet. On the night of October 23rd 1944 the first V-1 rocket fell on Grays in the pit behind the library. The Library itself suffered extensive damage as 2,000 books were destroyed, and the whole building was closed for three weeks, the junior department for 5 months and the reading room for a lot longer. In the immediate post war years it was becoming increasingly apparent that the library was too small and a new building was needed, but it was not until 1967 that a new building was planned. Lord Goodman, chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain, officially opened the new Thameside Complex on 22nd January 1972. The building also contains the local history museum and Thameside Theatre. The latest development has been the opening of Bruv's café in the Foyer in March 2003. - "Panorama" Number 12 autumn 1968 Pages 5-18 - Thurrock Council Minute Books, 1936 - Library Annual Reports

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Elizabeth Peredo Beltran It has rained incessantly recently in the Bolivian Amazon and in the Valleys. The waters that have flooded our territory since January, are thought to be the result of the worst rains in 40 years. More than 60,000 families have been affected—at least 350,000 people have had to leave their homes. They have lost almost everything they own: their animals, their crops, their daily lives. UNICEF has reported that 60,000 Bolivian children have been affected. Nine hundred schools have had to suspend activities for almost a month due to high risk. More than fifty people have died and some of their bodies have still not been recovered. And we cannot yet tell what the magnitude of the impact on health, food and the ability of communities to rebuild their lives will be as the floodwaters recede and the extent of the destruction is slowly revealed. One small example of how poverty triggers the vulnerability of communities comes from the situation of the indigenous people in the Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS) communities. Though reports speak of huge losses of corn, rice, potatoes, soybeans, vegetables and livestock—with estimates of more than 250,000 head of cattle missing—it remains to be seen in the next few months what the economic impact of floods will be for these peoples themselves, and what the impact will be at both regional and national levels. In the face of the dramatic situation presented by this disaster both authorities and civilians across the whole country have mobilized to collect food, medicines and everything necessary to bring help to the affected communities. Above and beyond, these good intentions to come together to provide aid for those affected by the floods in the Amazon region and in the Bolivian valleys, we were far from being capable of confronting the dimension of such a disaster. Rainfalls are also far from being recognized as not an occasional event but rather as climate change events that will only repeat more frequently in the future. Not far from this region, droughts are hitting hard: in both the Chiquitanía region and the Chaco regions of Santa Cruz and Tarija there have been losses of thousands of hectares of crops, which is resulting in a silent forced migration to the cities. Just some months back the Bolivian Defence Ministry reported 247,000 hectares of land affected by the lack of rain, by snow or by fire. Meanwhile the loss of our glaciers is a sorrow to which we are becoming accustomed. Climate change is not just a scientific issue, nor is it just something which is of exclusive interest to UN negotiations, nor it is a warning for the future: it is already present in our times, in our territories and it comes with violence. Climate change affects people’s lives and it is already claiming many victims. We share this grief with millions of people across the planet who are suffering the same consequences. Just a few months back more than 11 million people were affected by super typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. A million people were without electricity after snowstorms caused by the late winter polar vortex in the U.S. Thousands of people affected in the UK in what was considered the worst flooding in 200 years. Thousands of hectares of forest burned annually in Australia by the alarming drought and heat. Thousands affected in Central America, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, Paraguay and other countries. Twenty-five million souls were driven into uncertainty by water shortages, the result of droughts and heat waves in California. A deadly landslide with more than one hundred people missing in Washington State, the result of heavy rains. Millions of humans and ecosystems at risk in various parts of the world … News that nobody wants to hear, but which we will inevitably be forced to confront in our own lifetimes, even though the news appears first as cold statistics in the press. We need to connect the dots to realise that climate change is a phenomenon that challenges us to overcome short-term visions and the empty rhetoric of “Mother Earth,” devoid of concrete actions. Climate change is a consequence of the violent exploitation of nature, of endless economic growth systems based on fossil fuel consumption, understood as an irreplaceable condition for human “welfare.” This obsolete idea has been inculcated into our lives on a social, a psychological and on a cultural level. Continue reading

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The Noisy Guts Project – non-invasive diagnosis of gut disorders Functional gastrointestinal diseases, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are extremely common, affecting up to 20% of people in western countries. IBS symptoms include pain, bloating and altered bowel habits. It can be debilitating, embarrassing, and have a huge impact on quality of life. Similar symptoms to those of IBS also result from several physical diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which together are known as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). These are less common, but can be extremely serious, and benefit from rapid intervention to prevent complications including development of bowel cancer. Current methods for diagnosing IBS typically include invasive tests, such as colonoscopy to exclude IBD and other serious diseases. These tests are costly, uncomfortable and carry risks, and still do not provide a positive diagnosis for IBS. The Noisy Guts Project is the brainchild of Nobel Laureate, Prof Barry Marshall. The team are developing an acoustic belt that records gut noises over time so doctors can accurately screen, diagnose and monitor gut disorders and diseases. The sounds will be combined with data on heart rate, skin temperature and skin galvanic response (sweating) for analysis. The belt will provide doctors with a new, accurate and non-invasive approach to IBS diagnosis and screening for IBD. It will reduce the number of IBS patients on waiting lists for gastroenterologists. It will also reduce the time delay in diagnosis of patients with physical diseases. There is existing data to indicate strong correlations between gut sound characteristics and gut disorders. However, we need additional sound recording and physiological data from healthy, IBS and IBD guts, to allow us to generate more powerful software for the belt. At this point we specifically need recordings from volunteers with a recent diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, proctitis or ulcerative colitis. This will broaden the accuracy and capabilities of the belt. The sound recordings will also be paired with data from an online survey, so that we can match symptoms to sounds. Our product capitalises on today’s trend of wearable technology and will be supported by a smartphone app that records symptoms. Our belt works similarly to the way in which an ECG monitors your heart rate. The end result is a safe, non-invasive screening, monitoring and diagnostic tool. Is your rumbling tummy trying to tell us something? We need volunteers from three groups: people with healthy guts, those with a diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and those with a recent diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis). First, you will need to complete a quick online survey about your gut health so that we can work out if you are a suitable participant, and which group you fit into. We will then ring you to check on your symptoms. You will also need to let us check with your GP about your diagnosis. Then we will be in touch to arrange a time for you to visit us at the Marshall Centre to wear the belt so that we can gather recordings of your gut sounds. We will monitor your heart rate, temperature and skin galvanic response at the same time. You will need to skip breakfast before you come in. We will sit you in one of our comfy arm chairs at the Marshall Centre and record sounds for two hours, give you breakfast and then make recordings for another 40 minutes. We may then send you home to wear the belt for up to 24 hours, if you are happy to do so. You will also need to use an online diary to record your diet and any digestive system activities or symptoms whilst recordings are happening. You can do this via a smartphone. The belt is safe, and the study has been approved by UWA’s Human Research Ethics Committee. Thank you for offering to participate. We are extremely grateful for your help in gathering data to help us power ahead with development of a safe, non-invasive diagnostic tool for gut disorders. Another way to assist If you are unable to volunteer, or would like to help further, please consider making a donation to help us with this project. Visit https://campaign.uwa.edu.au/give-now - Click on the button next to “Select a specific fund or appeal” - In the box that appears, type “Marshall Centre Noisy Guts Project” - Professor Barry Marshall - Professor Adam Osseiran - Dr Josephine Muir - Mr Peter Du - Dr Gary Allwood - Dr Andrisha Inderjeeth - Dr Mary Webberley - Dr Sue Robson

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- Fuel Cell Cars - Fuel Cell Stacks Fuel Cell Testing - - Fixed Testing Systems - - Liquid and Gas Delivery Systems - - Fuel Cell Testing Hardware - - Modular Testing Systems - - Vacuum Tables and Temperature Controllers - - Electronic Measurement and Control - - Stack Humidification Systems - - Ion Exchange Filters - - Fuel Cell Testing Components - - Portable Generators - - Electrochemical Experiments - Fuel Cell Components - Hydrogen Equipment - Power Devices - Solar Power - Hydro Power - Wind Power - Bioenergy Power - Lab Accessories - STEM Education SOLID-H hydrogen storage containers are filled with metal powders that absorb and release hydrogen (metal hydrides). You may already be using metal hydrides in your laptop computer (nickel-metal hydride batteries). The most popular SOLID-H containers supply a few atmospheres of hydrogen gas pressure at room temperature. This is the safest method known for storing flammable hydrogen gas. If your hydrogen system develops a leak, SOLID-H immediately releases a small fraction of its stored hydrogen. The remainder will be released over a period of hours. All SOLID-H containers have a pressure relief valve for safety and a quick connect coupling for convenience in connecting to your system. Typical uses for SOLID-H include hydrogen supplies for gas chromatographs and fuel storage for hydrogen engines or fuel cells. Metal hydrides are the most compact way to store hydrogen (more dense than liquid hydrogen). The internal volume of the CL-400A is less than 0.7 liters. 400 liters of hydrogen capacity is more than 500 times the size of the container! Standard SOLID-H BL-series containers hold 18, 20, 30, 120, 220 or 740 standard liters of hydrogen gas. These are on the shelf or available on short delivery schedules. The lower cost SOLID-H CL-series containers, including CL-370 and CL-910, are based on aluminum industrial gas cylinders. These two containers hold 400 and 910 liters of hydrogen respectively. The aluminum cylinders used to make the CL-series are rated for very high pressures. This makes them heavier than equivalent thin walled stainless steel BL-series containers of comparable capacity. If you need a different capacity or special pressure-temperature specifications, just contact our fuel cell specialists and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

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Entering the Tomb A 16.5-foot (5 meter) shaft leads to a door below the Egyptian desert. Here, at the ancient quarry site of Gebel el-Silsila, archaeologists have discovered an ancient mass grave. Beyond the stone door is a water-filled tomb containing the remains of at least 50 people, including a child and two infants in stone sarcophagi. [Read more about the watery tomb discovery] In a tomb chiseled from bedrock, the ceiling is just tall enough for an adult to stand. Water enters the tomb from a natural fissure that has opened since it was first constructed around 3,500 years ago. Archaeologists use generator-powered pumps to continuously remove water from the tomb. They excavate by sitting in the warm, briny water on the tomb floor, running their hands through the silt layers, carefully sifting for bones and artifacts. Buried with the Dead All other tombs discovered at Gebel el-Silsila have been looted, so archaeologists are thrilled to have a site full of artifacts and skeletal remains. Looters did try to enter the tomb at one point; their efforts jumbled the silt and bones inside. But they weren't able to enter, so everything interred in the tomb remains safe. These green funerary amulets are among the artifacts sifted from the muddy water inside the main chamber. The door of the Gebel el-Silsila tomb. Any organic material in the tomb (wood, remains) has long since decayed away. This tomb is much different than others found at Gebel el-Silsila, which tend to be smaller niches meant for burials within a single family. The male adult bones found inside show signs of heavy labor, including back problems and healing broken bones, said assistant mission director and archaeologist John Ward. The women and children may have been family to these quarry laborers. A shabti, or small human figurine, found in the flooded tomb. The presence of these shabtis indicates that the people buried inside the tombs were not slaves, Ward told Live Science. Shabtis were meant to work as laborers for the dead person in the afterlife, and slaves were not buried with these figurines. A scarab-beetle amulet found within the Gebel el-Silsila tomb. Scarab beetles were important in ancient Egyptian iconography because they were associated with the sun god Ra. Ra was thought to roll the sun across the sky each day, much like scarab beetles roll balls of dung to nourish their young. An orange lotus blossom amulet found within the Gebel el-Silsila tomb. Other mass graves have been discovered in Egypt, including at the site of Luxor, where mummies in coffins were stacked head-to-toe. The tomb at Gebel el-Silsila may have been similar, Ward said, though it isn't clear why all of the deceased were put into the same chamber. The tomb also contains a second chamber, but it is still blocked by debris and silt. A small bead that would have been worn in the hair, sifted from the muck of the new tomb. Gebel el-Silsila sits at a narrow spot of the Nile in Upper Egypt and was used as a quarry site starting in the 18th Dynasty, which started around 1550 B.C. The site was once thought to be mainly a work camp full of laborers, but the excavations of the Gebel el-Silsila project have revealed that it was actually a thriving community of men, women and children. A tiny sarcophagus made for an infant sits in the flooded tomb. The tomb's main chamber held three sandstone-hewn sarcophagi, one containing and child and another containing an infant. A third infant-size sarcophagus is still being analyzed. Removing a sarcophagus Archaeologists carefully move one of the small sandstone sarcophagi from the flooded tomb. The excavation of the tomb has been ongoing for two years, and there are still layers of jumbled sand and bone to sort through before the main chamber is cleared. The team has also discovered bracelets, storage vessels, bowls, flasks and beer jugs amidst the sand and bones. Additional shabtis found in the Gebel el-Silsila tomb. The atmosphere inside the tomb is almost reverential, Ward said. Archaeologists can only stay in the tomb for a few hours at a time because the air is so humid and stale; during their time in this watery underworld, they sit silently, all their attention on the sand they're sifting through their fingertips. "There's a lot of respect going on down there," he said.

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Carbon capture technologies have been successfully deployed for nearly a half century at commercial scale in the U.S. to capture emissions across a number of industrial sectors, including natural gas processing, hydrogen and fertilizer production, industrial gasification, and fermentation in ethanol production. In 2016, Emirates Steel retrofitted the world’s first steel plant with commercial-scale carbon capture technology in the United Arab Emirates. Earlier this month, LanzaTech and Virgin Atlantic partnered to fly a 747 across the Atlantic using a 25 percent blend of jet fuel produced from carbon emissions captured from a steel plant in China. Carbon Capture Coalition participants LanzaTech and Arcelor Mittal are now constructing a commercial-scale bioreactor to produce ethanol using waste carbon emissions from a steel plant in Belgium. Norway and Belgium also have projects underway to deploy carbon capture technology at cement plants. Future projects could also expand the number of existing commercial carbon capture projects in sectors such as petrochemicals, fertilizer production and refinery hydrogen production. Captured carbon dioxide (CO2) from industrial facilities can provide new revenue streams for these industries, while helping them remain competitive in a lower-carbon future. New jobs can be created through CO2 utilization and infrastructure development in both energy producing and manufacturing states and regions alike. The potential for widespread deployment of industrial carbon capture technologies is significant. Some industry sectors such as ethanol, fertilizer and natural gas processing have relatively low costs of capture and use fully commercial technology. For these industries, recent congressional reform of the 45Q tax credit for CO2 storage and beneficial use provides a powerful incentive to finance carbon capture projects and attract private investment into CO2 pipeline infrastructure. For other sectors such as cement and steel production, the costs of carbon capture are higher, and capture technologies are only now being deployed in those industries. However, as we have seen with wind, solar and other clean energy technologies, with each successive project built, technology and project developers and investors learn from experience how to improve performance and increase efficiencies, thus bringing down costs which, in turn, accelerates wider deployment of the technology as project developers learn from each successive project. Carbon Capture Coalition participants Third Way and the AFL-CIO (along with the Council on Competitiveness) released a new report this month, “Industry Matters: Smarter Energy Use is Key for US Competitiveness, Jobs, and Climate Efforts.” The report found that “the industrial sector is America’s biggest end-use emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs)” and that “in 2016 industry was responsible for 1,894.8 million metric tons (MMT) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), or 29% of the U.S total.” While the United States has cut carbon emissions substantially from the power sector in recent years, other industry sectors have not achieved comparable reductions. Not only will this potentially put long-term emissions reduction goals out of reach, but the U.S. could lag behind other countries like China in terms of catalyzing technology innovation. The report concluded that, “For the foreseeable future, the only way to deal with a significant portion of industrial emissions will be to capture, potentially utilize, and permanently sequester them.” According to a Financial Times story cited in the report “…state-owned enterprises in China’s heavy industry sectors, including cement and steel, have begun considering adding equipment to existing plants that would allow them to capture about 90 to 95 percent of their carbon emissions.” A new OECD analysis cited in a story in Axios this month projects that greenhouse gas emissions from concrete production and metals extraction and processing will account for twenty percent of global GHG emissions by 2060. Why This Matters Carbon capture helps reduce both industrial and power sector emissions. Indeed, carbon capture is the only clean technology capable of decarbonizing major industries such as steel, cement, fertilizer, pulp and paper and petrochemicals. Congressional reform of the 45Q tax credit represents an important first step in helping U.S. industries to ramp up carbon capture deployment. However, more action is needed, including incorporating incentives for CO2 pipelines into national infrastructure legislation so that industrial states and regions of the country have access to infrastructure to transport captured CO2 for beneficial use and permanent storage, as well as expanding federal support for research, development and demonstration of capture technology and carbon utilization in key industrial sectors. U.S. trading partners and American states, cities and businesses are adopting explicit emission reduction targets, clean energy goals and other policies that will shape their investment and procurement decisions. With additional federal leadership, key U.S. industrial sectors can rise to the challenge of reducing carbon emissions, protecting and growing high-wage jobs, and helping maintain American leadership in these critical technologies in the decades ahead.

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By Jim Costich September 22, 2019 It is not appropriate to use the term “intersex” to describe a gender identity. Intersex refers to a person’s sexual anatomy, hormones or chromosomes. The most important thing to remember about the definition of the term is that it describes a person’s body, not their identity. Intersex people are born with sex characteristics (including genitals, gonads and chromosome patterns) that do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies. Intersex is an umbrella term used to describe a wide range of natural bodily variations. In some cases, intersex traits are visible at birth while in others, they are not apparent until puberty. Some chromosomal intersex variations may not be physically apparent at all. According to experts, between 0.05% and 1.7% of the population is born with intersex traits – the upper estimate is similar to the number of red-haired people. Being intersex relates to biological sex characteristics and is distinct from a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity. An intersex person may be straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual or asexual, and may identify as female, male, both or neither. While it is true that the experience of living in our bodies helps us form our identities, we must keep our terms clear and specific or else we can’t understand what others are talking about. This is especially important for intersex people because knowledge of our existence was almost wiped out during the 20th century. We were erased from common understanding and speech. If you don’t have a physical intersex trait please don’t use the term, “intersex” to describe your body and certainly don’t use it to describe your identity. There are wonderful terms available already for describing an identity that’s between man or woman, or that’s neither; Intergender, Altersex, Nonconforming Gender, NonBinaryGender, Gender Queer, Gender Fluid, Two-Spirit, Transexual, and Transgender, just to name a few. While having so many terms exploding into use may seem chaotic right now it’s just because being able to use any describer that is not just the, “One size fits none” of masculine man OR feminine woman is helping people to actualize themselves. I’ve no doubt all will quiet down and become easier in the future. No matter what your sex, there are many ways to describe gender identity and gender expression. An intersex person, like a male or female person, can have any of these identities and fit in with others like them. Some people’s gender and sex align. For instance, some people are male/masculine/man, female/feminine/woman or intersex/androgynous/intergender but many of us don’t align. That’s why it is so important for everyone to be able to describe themselves and why so much confusion happens when we say things like, “I identify as male.” A male has an identity. Male is not an identity. Because intersex children are still being surgically altered without their knowledge and their parents rushed, coerced and misinformed about the possible risks and outcomes of cosmetic genital surgery we must be vigilant to keep misuse of terms surrounding intersex at a minimum. Children are harmed daily. This is what we want to prevent and only by removing confusion and doubt can that happen. Intersex traits can and do cause health care problems and complications ordinary people do not face and because the emphasis was on our erasure instead of providing our health care needs our physicians often face a dearth of information needed to help us. This presents a challenge for all intersex people, our families, and physicians that makes it important that the public comes to understand that intersex is about the human body and its variations. If you don’t have an intersex trait, do not use the term for yourself and always use it with knowledge and understanding. Talking about identity is important. So is talking about it accurately and in a way that doesn’t take the focus off the health needs and abuses of intersex people. Thank you in advance for being the best ally you can be.

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Last edited: 7 August 2019 Conventional cookstoves require significant economic investment to operate. This not only includes the direct costs if fuel is purchased, but also more intangible time costs if fuel needs to be gathered—a difficult responsibility often left to women and girls. Conventional cookstoves require fuel which must either gathered or purchase or gathered. Strict gender roles leave women and girls burdened with the former, which can put them at risk of being attacked outside the safety of their home area and prevents them from participating in other activities, such as education or income generation. The latter, if it is even an option, leaves families with fewer resources to be spent on food and other essential items. Lack of time for income generation For families without access to abundant and inexpensive cooking fuel, gathering biomass fuel such as wood, dried plants, and even animal droppings, is frequently seen as the only available option to acquire the fuel necessary to cook meals. This task is more often than not left to women and girls. This responsibility can take hours to complete and as such, leaves women and girls with little or no time to participate in other activities, including ones which would allow them to generate income to support themselves and their families. Lack of time for education When girls are saddled with the burden of gathering fuel to cook their families’ meals, they are prevented from one of the most important parts of childhood—education. By needing to spend their days gathering fuel, they are left out of the classroom. The effects of this are compounded as these girls grow up as a lack of access to education has been shown repeatedly to detrimentally affect an individual’s future personal and professional opportunities. Cost of fuel Although the task of gathering fuel presents its own economic challenges, purchasing fuel carries more direct economic implications for families. Purchasing fuel can limit the economic resources available for other necessities—including the food to be cooked with the fuel. Solar ovens do not require their fuel to be purchased or gathered and as such, provide several economic benefits to users: - Income generation: By not needing to tend to cooking fires, women and girls have the opportunity to pursue income generating activities, including selling solar-cooked food! - Education: As solar ovens require only energy from the sun for power, girls do not need to spend time gathering fuel, giving them time to pursue their education. - Reduces costs: By reducing or eliminating a family’s need to purchase cooking fuel, solar ovens provide families with the ability to allocate resources that would have otherwise been used to purchase cooking fuel.

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This tutorial and most of OSOYOO’s content about BBC micro:bit will use MakeCode by Microsoft as programming development environment. Step 1. Using your web browser, go to https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/makecode to open the MakeCode landing page. Step 2. Click “micro:bit” icon to MakeCode landing page. you can also skip the step 1/2, and go directly to MakeCode page by typing following link https://makecode.microbit.org in browser. In the MakeCode home page My Projects section, click on “New Project” to create new project. and click previous project to edit existing project. Step 3. The MakeCode editor for micro:bit will start on your browser. Simulator – Provides the output without the real hardware while you are building the code. Toolbox – Provides blocks in categories. It also allows you to search extensions(ready-made program modules) and add more extensions to the toolbox. Home – Takes you to the home screen (https://makecode.microbit.org/), which shows recent projects and other activities Share – Displays the Share Project window that lets you publish your project to the public cloud and embed your project into a web page with different options. More… (Gear wheel) – Allows you to access project settings, adding extensions, deleting the current project, deleting all the projects, choosing a language, and pairing micro:bit for one-click download. Save Project – You can type a name for your project and save it. Type in a name for the project in the text box, and press the disk icon to save. Download – The Download button will copy your program to a drive on your computer. Show/Hide the simulator – The Show/Hide the simulator button can be used to show or hide the simulator. a) in the project name box, type in a name for your project and click on the Disk icon. The new name of the project is updated in your browser’s local cache. At the same time, a hex file will be downloaded to your computer. b) If you click on the Disk icon without providing a new name for the project (with the default file name, Untitled), the Rename your project modal box (window) will pop up, type in a name for the project, and click on the Save button. The project will save under the new file name, and a hex file will be downloaded to your computer c) Click on the Download button in the bottom of the page. A hex file will be downloaded to your computer. For chrome browser users, you can see a little windows at the bottom of browser, you can see a .hex file when click “Show in folder”. If you use other browser, please open this file’s folder according to the download directory of your browser. Connect the micro:bit to your computer using a micro USB cable (use the micro USB port on the top of the micro:bit) Copying a hex file to the micro:bit drive Go to MakeCode home page and choose the project you want to delete. In the Editor controls, click on the More… button. In the drop-down menu, click Delete Project. In the delete confirmation modal box (window), click on the Delete button In the Toolbox, click on any Category and from the sub-menu, click on the block you want to place on the coding area you can also drag and drop a block onto the coding area. After placing the block, you can further move it to any place on the coding area by dragging and dropping In the coding area, right-click on the block you want to duplicate. Click Duplicate from the shortcut menu. You will get a duplicated block In the coding area, click on the block you want to delete and from the keyboard, press the DELETE key. In the coding area, right-click on the block you want to delete. Then, click Delete Block from the shortcut menu Drag and drop the block into the Toolbox DownLoad Url osoyoo.com

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Improving energy efficiency can not only save your business money, it can also enhance your hotel’s reputation and help in the fight against climate change. You should aim to get the most out of the energy you use on a daily basis as opposed to simply trying to reduce energy use overall, as this mainly depends on occupancy numbers. It will be helpful to identify areas where your hospitality business uses energy and establish how much you are using. Energy and supplier bills will be useful for this analysis. Save energy in space heating Insulating boilers, hot water tanks, pipes, flanges and valves will create energy savings that should deliver returns within a few months. Boilers should be serviced 1-2 times a year, as this can save up to 5 per cent on annual heating costs. Poor energy controls can waste energy, so setting good practice on room temperatures will optimise your heating costs. You should ensure automated controls are set properly, heating is switched off in unused areas and that staff are properly trained. See use heating and hot water systems efficiently. Hot water efficiency The optimum temperature for stored hot water is 60°C. This will kill bacteria and is sufficiently warm for use. Ensure that your hot water temperature control indicator is working correctly. Water saving devices can also save on water heating energy, see save water in your hotel. You should create switch-off policies so that lighting is turned off in unoccupied areas and make staff aware of these rules. Regular maintenance and cleaning of hotel lighting systems can improve their effectiveness and reduce waste. You should try to use energy efficient lamps such as LED bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps. Automatic lighting controls can save 30-50 per cent on lighting costs. See lighting energy efficiency. Save energy through building fabric Around two thirds of heat from hotels can be lost through the building fabric - ceilings, floor, walls and windows. Minimise this loss through using insulation, keeping doors closed, closing curtains over-night and draught-proofing. Save energy in catering facilities There are a number of ways to reduce energy wastage in kitchens. Only switch on equipment when it is being used. You should try to regularly clean and maintain hotel ventilation systems. Frequently defrost and maintain freezers. Use the correct size of pots and pans when cooking and do not over-fill or keep turned up too high. Leisure facilities efficiency If you have a pool, installing a cover can create huge savings by reducing heating and ventilation requirements. Modern filtration systems are more energy efficient and create less waste than traditional sand filters. Ensure leisure facilities are switched off when not in use. You should also consider using a timer. Alternative and renewable energy Combined heat and power (CHP) systems run on natural gas and generate electricity while producing heat as a by-product. CHP is most effective when there is a high heat demand, such as when there is a pool. Heat pumps use natural thermal energy sources. They will decrease hotel gas bills, but increase electricity bills, so will be suitable depending on current prices. You might want to consider renewable energy sources including biomass energy, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and wind.

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Common Core debate fodder from Education Next: In spite of Tea Party criticism, union skepticism, and anti-testing outcries, the campaign to implement Common Core State Standards (otherwise known as Common Core) has achieved phenomenal success in statehouses across the country. Since 2011, 45 states have raised their standards for student proficiency in reading and math, with the greatest gains occurring between 2013 and 2015. Most states set only mediocre expectations for students for nearly 10 years after the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Now, in the wake of the Common Core campaign, a majority of states have made a dramatic move forward. He may not work hard enough on defense but Kareem Abdul-Jabbar wants to shake up elementary and secondary education. In a gamble to fix a dysfunctional school ahead of a potential state takeover, Atlanta Public Schools Superintendent Meria Carstarphen merged one of the city’s best high schools with one of its worst. OK. Let’s assume a few things. – There is a shortage of high-quality seats in most cities. (Bellwether works with districts, charters, and intermediaries to help solve this problem in locales around the country.) -We should be trying to create as many high-quality seats as possible as quickly as possible. -There are not enough high-quality seats in a lot of places to be jeopardizing them through various schemes. So the game should be creating more not putting existing ones at risk. -While there are exceptions the evidence is pretty clear that while not foolproof, it’s easier/higher probability to open new high quality schools (within district or charter schools) if oversight and quality controls are real than it is to “turnaround” existing ones. So other than various local political imperatives, the theory of action in this case is really questionable if you start from the place of what’s best for students. …have changes over time in housing and school attendance patterns reduced the isolation of black children in the public schools? The answer depends on the specific way progress is measured. If we ask whether the average black student is exposed to more white students in public school today than a half century ago, the answer is yes, although fewer than in the 1980s; after rising in the 1970s, the rate of exposure has declined markedly since 1988. Another measure of progress toward integration is the dissimilarity index, which measures how much the racial composition of the schools would have to change for each school to have the same percentage of whites and blacks as these groups constitute in the school-age population as a whole. By this measure, schools are closer to complete integration than ever before, and thus racial composition would have to change less now than when the report was released. How can two questions that seem so similar have such different answers? The explanation is in the changing demographic composition of the schools: the percentage of students who are white has declined dramatically over the past 50 years, while the percentage of students who are black has changed very little. A lot of sleight of hand around the data on this question, important analysis. Cool book drive. This is tragic. Bellwether’s Hailly Korman on the President’s prison solitary announcement. Chad Aldeman wants your dashboard accountability off his lawn. Chris Gabrielli wants more than academics measured. The two national parties can’t even agree on what the issues are. But in general education isn’t one! School discipline is a mess and there are alternatives to the prevailing norms that would work better for some kids (although some just need alternative arrangements). But don’t ever underestimate K-12’s ability to take otherwise good ideas and approaches that can lessen suspensions and screw them up through flaky implementation driven by adult concerns about aesthetics rather than what is good for kids. More background here. Teller on teaching. Before magic he taught Latin.

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Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! Tobias Dantzig, (born Feb. 19, 1884, Latvia, Russian Empire—died Aug. 9, 1956, Los Angeles, Calif., U.S.), Latvian-born American mathematician, best known for his science and mathematics books written for the general public. As a young man, Dantzig was caught distributing anti-tsarist political tracts and fled to Paris, where he studied mathematics under Henri Poincaré and met and married Anja Ourisson. In 1910 they moved to the United States, where at first he worked as a lumberjack in Oregon because of his lack of familiarity with the English language. During this period, their first son was born; George Dantzig would go on to become the father of linear programming. Tobias later attended Indiana University, from which he received a doctorate (1917) in mathematics. Dantzig subsequently taught at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md., Columbia University in New York City, and the University of Maryland. Dantzig’s major works include Number: The Language of Science (1930), Aspects of Science (1937), Henri Poincaré, Critic of Crisis: Reflections on His Universe of Discourse (1954), and The Bequest of the Greeks (1955). Two of Dantzig’s essays, “Fingerprints” and “The Empty Column,” are included in Encyclopædia Britannica’s Gateway to the Great Books (1963). Learn More in these related Britannica articles: Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, one of the greatest mathematicians and mathematical physicists at the end of 19th century. He made a series of profound innovations in geometry, the theory of differential equations, electromagnetism, topology, and… George Dantzig, American mathematician who devised the simplex method, an algorithm for solving problems that involve numerous conditions and variables, and in the process founded the field of linear programming. Dantzig earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics and physics… Linear programming, mathematical modeling technique in which a linear function is maximized or minimized when subjected to various constraints. This technique has been useful for guiding quantitative decisions in business planning, in industrial engineering, and—to a lesser extent—in the social and physical sciences. The solution of a linear programming problem reduces…

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WHILE THE Industrial Revolution was transforming England and creating a new kind of society, the continent of Europe seemed to be going backward instead of forward. After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, the monarchs and aristocrats brought back the principle of “legitimacy.” Legitimacy meant that only kings, aristocrats and the established church had the right to rule and that the people must obey them without question. The American and French revolutions had been fought to overthrow the principle of legitimacy. The idea behind these revolutions was that governments were created by the people. As the Declaration of Independence put it, all men were born equal and had the right to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”– and governments were set up to help them secure these rights. Legitimacy and the ideas of the revolutions were completely opposed to each other. At first it looked as though legitimacy would win out, at least in Europe. In 1814, the four nations that had defeated Napoleon — Austria, Russia, Prussia and Britain — met in a peace conference called the Congress of Vienna. They gave the throne of France to Louis XVIII. They changed the map of Europe to produce a balance of power that is, groupings of states that were roughly equal to each other in strength. They saw to it that Germany and Italy were divided and did not become great and united nations. To carry out their agreements and keep down revolution, Austria, Russia, Prussia and Britain formed what was known as the Quadruple Alliance. Later, in 1818, they became allied with France and formed the Quintuple Alliance. The British, however, did not support all the policies of the alliance; they believed that every country had the right to change its form of government. The result was that Austria, Russia and Prussia began to act on their own, forming what was called the Holy Alliance. It was the Holy Alliance, under the leadership of Prince Metternich of Austria, that became the strongest supporter of legitimacy. There were mighty forces at work in the world, forces that would prove too strong for the Holy Alliance. The growth of industrialism was putting more and more power and wealth into the hands of the middle class — the rising business and professional men. They wanted to take part in the government; they wanted laws that would protect their property and open up further opportunities for wealth and power. so the middle class became the class that brought about change. Out of the Opposition to the Holy Alliance and legitimacy came two great movements. One was democracy, rule by the majority of the people, with equal rights for all. The other movement was nationalism, which stated that the nation as a whole was more important than any of its individuals, groups or sections. Democracy and nationalism grew side by side in the early nineteenth century. They both emphasized the ability of people to govern themselves and led them to form independent states and to make large states from several small ones. The effect of the two movements was felt not only in Europe, but in the New World as well. In fact, the success of the American experiment in self-government had a great effect on the development of democracy and nationalism in Europe. The experience of the United States from the Revolution through the Civil War helped shape history for years to come.

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As the temperature drops, home fire risk rises. It just makes sense. While cooking fires are the leading cause of residential fires, heating-related fires come in second place and peak in the month of January. The U.S. Fire Administration recently issued two statistical reports that talk about home heating fires. In their Study of Heating Fires in Residential Buildings (2013-2015), they report that: - Approximately 45,900 annual heating fires in U.S. residential buildings were reported to fire departments each year. - Annually, heating fires resulted in 200+ deaths, 700+ injuries, and more than half a billion dollars in property loss. - Residential heating fires peak in the early evening from 5 to 9 p.m., accounting for 29% of heating-related home fires. - Confined fires (fires confined to chimneys, flues or fuel burners) accounted for 75% percent of residential building heating fires. - Combustible materials that were too close to the heat source accounted for 29% of non-confined fires. While only 4% of heating fires in residential buildings involved portable heaters, they were involved in 43% of fatal home heating fires, a statistic that should give some pause. In the USFA study on Portable Heater Fires in Residential Buildings (2013-2015), they report: - Annual estimated occurrence: 1,650 portable heater fires in residential - Portable heater fires caused an estimated 90 deaths, 175 injuries, and $84 million in property loss. - In 54% of the fires, the heat source was too close to combustible objects - About 37% of portable heater fires started in bedrooms. - In bedroom fires caused by portable heaters, the leading items ignited (23%) were bedding, such as blankets, sheets, and comforters. Here’s a short USFA safety clip related to portable heaters. Heating safety tips Fire prevention experts say there are many practices you can take to reduce your risk of a heating-related fire in your home. Here are few safety tips we’ve compiled from the experts Practice the 3-foot safety rule. Keep combustible materials away from the furnace, fireplace, wood stove, or portable space heater. Maintain a “kid-free zone” around open fires and space heaters. Again, 3 feet is the recommended distance., Inspect, clean and test. Have qualified heating professionals inspect and clean furnaces, chimneys and heating equipment every year. Replace batteries in your fire alarms in the spring and fall, and test smoke alarms at least once a month. Turn off portable heaters when you go to bed or leave a room. Get more space heater safety tips from Travelers, Never, never, never use ovens or portable grills to heat your home. - Use a good quality screen to prevent sparks from jumping. - Dispose of ashes in a metal, non-flammable container when they are cold. - Dispose of ashes a safe distance away from your home – never beside the home or in the garage or cellar. - Learn more about how to dispose of ashes properly – and get a few tips on handy uses for the ash. Related: see our recent post with money-saving home heating ideas:

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Do you want to improve yourself for the new year, a new phase of life, or just because? You may wonder what the first steps are to making positive, lasting changes in your life. One handy mental exercise that may help you is to observe how successful people handle themselves, and attempt to emulate those positive habits. Here are some tips to get you started. - Set and achieve goals. It’s difficult to reach your personal goals if you aren’t even sure what they are. If you want to make lasting positive changes in your life, then use the SMART goal system. SMART is an acronym that stands for Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic, and Timely. Goals naturally fall into an outline format, with bigger goals broken down into smaller, action steps. To get clear on personal goals, list things you want to accomplish in your life by category. For example, health and fitness, business or career, social, educational, family relations. Write down broad goals for each category, then break those goals down into action steps. Successful people set goals. - Be proactive instead of reactive. Reactive people wait for other people to take action first. The problem is that someone else’s action wasn’t what they had in mind. Then, they may complain, which causes negativity in their relationships with others. Or they harbor resentment because their failure to act gave control to someone else. Proactive people initiate. They put ideas and plans into motion, and this makes them more likely to achieve their hopes and dreams. - Be assertive instead of passive-aggressive. What is passive-aggressive behavior? It is intentional (or unintentional) indirectly expressed anger disguised by sweetness and/or forgetfulness. Passive-aggressive people use backhanded compliments, procrastination, sulking, and other negative behaviors to express their dissatisfaction. Assertive people, on the other hand, are straightforward in their words and actions. Assertive people seek an open and honest dialogue with their workmates, family members and anyone with whom they relate. Assertive people encourage two-way communication, compromise and cooperation. Assertive people also know how to express their own needs and wishes without hurting others in the process. This enhances their relationships, thus bolstering their chances for success. - Stop blaming others. Successful people recognize that putting the fault on others delays positive outcomes and spreads negativity. We either waste time complaining instead of accomplishing, or we actually confront people in a direct blaming situation which builds resentment in our relationships. - Empower others. Everyone is good at something and wants to feel useful and making a meaningful contribution. We deal with people every day, in all aspects of life including home, family, school, business, and social life. In all of these areas, we interact with others and we operate in either a supportive or supervising role. No matter which role you play, supporter or supervisor, you will have the chance to help others feel good and recognize their personal power: that thing they do that will make a positive difference, either to the project, the group, or the world (or all of the above). If you take the time to point out the strengths in others, thank them for their effort, and recognize them for their contributions, you help them to succeed. Success gains momentum when fueled by empowerment. So if you’re successful by yourself, imagine what amazing things you can accomplish with others on your side. How to Get Out of Your Own Way Identify your own behaviors that are holding you back. Once you discover your own personal roadblocks, you can move toward newer, better habits that will set you free and make it easier to accomplish personal goals.

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There is no force more creative than the painstakingly slow process of evolution. Ever wanted to walk through walls? Naked mole rats can physically bore through concrete. How about fly? There are a couple dozen different ways to accomplish that goal, even if you’re a squid. Incredible power of regeneration? Flatworms, roundworms, and echinoderms have us beat. Among the vertebrates, species like the axolotl can regrow limbs, organs, and parts of their brain. For practically every super power we can imagine, something on the tree of life has come up with a real-world analog. Some real super power are more super than others: 1. The immortal rotifer that absorbs the abilities of anything it touches. Bdelloid Rotifers. photo by Diego Fontaneto Around 80 million years ago, a small, unassuming group of metazoa decided that sex just wasn’t for them. Instead of going through the effort of recombining their genetic material with a mate every generation to produce a viable offspring with a roughly 50% contribution from each parent, Bdelloid Rotifers started reproducing asexually. Males completely disappeared from class bdelloidea, leaving females to generate genetic duplicates through parthenogenesis. This is not their super power. Bdelloid rotifers are incredibly tough. When environmental conditions are less than favorable, they can enter a dormant state. In this dormant state,they can survive the worst unscathed. Dehydrated, they can endure extreme temperatures, drought, even ionizing radiation. A bdelloid rotifer in its dormant state can even survive in space. If that isn’t enough, while dormant, these rotifers continue to produce offspring, which also remain dormant. This is not their super power. Bdelloid rotifers’ super power appears when they recover from their dormant state. As they rehydrate and repair whatever damage their cells incurred, they incorporate DNA fragments from their environment. This includes partially digested food and any DNA in close proximity to them, even bacterial and archael DNA. It is this ability that allows bdelloid rotifers to overcome the limitations of asexual reproduction and survive for 80 million years without mates. They can literally absorb the attributes of those around them. Their incredible toughness, celibate lifestyle, and ability to absorb the powers of anything they touch, put Bdelloid Rotifers firmly on par with X-Men perennial favorite: Rogue.

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A joint project of the University of Turku's FinnBrain study and the University of California-Irvine (US) investigated the impact of the predictability of parent interaction on a child's development. The study was published in EBioMedicine journal. It has been recognised for a long time that a child's attachment and ability to regulate emotions are built on a reasonably good interaction with their parents. The importance of the quality of interaction is emphasised during the first few years, when the child's brain is still particularly sensitive to the effects of the environment. Sufficient predictability of the environment and interaction is thought to be an important factor in an infant’s brain development. New Tool for Analysing Interaction The newly published joint study of the University of Turku, Finland, and the University of California-Irvine, US, used a novel method for analysing interaction between a parent and child. Professor Elysia Poggi Davis from the University of Denver, Professor Tallie Z. Baram from the University of California-Irvine, and their research groups have developed a completely new tool for studying the predictability of parents’ interaction signals on a micro level called Estimation of Behavioral Entropy Rate. – The method is used to objectively calculate how predictable interaction patterns are formed from a parent's single interaction signals. Its development was based on animal studies which showed that the predictability of interaction signals are connected to the development of the offspring’s brain, says Professor Poggi Davis. Predictable Interaction Has a Positive Effect on Child’s Self-regulation The study showed that a higher predictability of the parent’s interaction signals in infancy was associated with the child's ability to better control and regulate their own actions and emotions. – In other words, poorly predictable or intermittent interactions were associated with a poorer self-regulation in the child. The same result was found in both Finnish and Californian data, despite their socio-economic and cultural differences, explains Associate Professor Riikka Korja from the University of Turku. The study supports the idea that it is important to have peaceful and uninterrupted moments of interaction with infants every day. – Parents of young children should be provided with all the support they need to reduce stress. The parent’s own self-regulation and ability of settling into their infant's early months is tied to their situation in life, adds Korja. At present, it is especially important to study the unpredictability of the environment and its significance as interaction between the parent and infant is threatened by surprising interruptions, such as pressure of being online all the time and stress factors related to a hectic lifestyle. The FinnBrain research project of the University of Turku studies the combined influence of environmental and genetic factors on the development of children. Over 4,000 families participate in the research project and they are followed from infancy long into adulthood. This article of is part of the neurodevelopmental study of the Finnbrain project. Molet J, Heins K, Zhuo X, Mei YT, Regev L, Baram TZ, et al. Fragmentation and high entropy of neonatal experience predict adolescent emotional outcome. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6:e702. Davis EP, Stout, S. A., Molet, J., Vegetabile, B., Glynn, L. M., Sandman, C. A., Heins, K., Stern, H., & Baram, T. Z. Exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals influences cognitive development across species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017;114(39):10390-5.

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Accepted scientific name: Ursus thibetanus japonicus (Schlegel, 1857) Description: Slightly smaller than mainland Asiatic black bears. On average males weigh between 60 and 120 kg and females between 40 and 100 kg. Body length is between 120 to 140 cm. Bears commonly have an off-white to pale yellow crescent patch on their chests. Range: A few bears may remain on the island of Shikoku (see below) but the bears are mainly located on the eastern side of Honshu, Japan’s main island, with a few isolated populations on the western side. Habitat: Mixed and deciduous mountain forests. Status: The Japanese black bear is extinct on the island of Kyushu and less than 20 individuals remain on Shikoku. The eastern Honshu population is reasonably stable but suffers from increasing human encroachment and disturbance. . In 2006 4,251 bears were killed (see “more information” below); a staggering 30 to 50 percent of the total population. It is believed that less than 10,000 bears now remain. Life span: Theoretically 25 to 30 years in the wild but the average is much lower due to significant numbers killed by humans. Food: Whilst omnivorous Japanese black bears are predominantly herbivorous. They eat grasses, sedges, buds, acorns, beechnuts, sapwood, berries, ants and other insects. They will also eat small reptiles (frogs and lizards), crabs and carrion. Behaviour: Japanese black bears are mainly nocturnal (most likely to avoid contact with humans) and build nests in trees and on the sides of steep slopes which they use for eating, resting and sleeping.. They hibernate in winter, building dens in hollow trees, under large rocks or by digging in the ground. Females begin breeding when around three or four years old. Mating takes place between late May and early August. Birth occurs in the den around the middle of February. There are usually two cubs and they will remain with the mother into their second year, during which time she will not become pregnant again. Threats: The continuing loss of habitat through deforestation of their habitat increasingly forces bears into conflict with humans on farms and in villages. They are persecuted by the timber industry as they kill valuable trees by gnawing off the bark to get at the sapwood beneath. “Nuisance” bears are hunted and killed and their body parts sold. A number of bears are killed each year in road traffic collisions. Impact of human activities on survival of the Japanese black bear (Ursus Vol. 4, 1980) Page updated 12 September 2017

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We are privileged to live in an era where renewable, clean energy sources are a very real option. Over eight in ten people globally now believe that the world should be powered completely from renewable sources. Still, nearly all of our main sources for energy originate from fossil fuels, coal, and natural gas with renewables accounting just for 3%. Though renewable and green sources are out there, most people simply do not have the choice to go green where their energy needs are concerned. More than one in four people believe that it’s up to individuals to take the lead on energy issues. From recycling to avoiding plastic straws, many environmentally-aware practices are second nature to us. Unfortunately, for many individuals this is all they can do. Utility-structured electricity prevents most consumers from being able to choose their power sources and they are instead forced to purchase from utility monopolies. Corporations are able to exercise total monopoly over energy generation, distribution, and everyone’s favorite, billing. With the cost prohibitive nature of solar panels and wind turbines for personal use, what are consumers to do? The answer may lie within blockchain. The same tech behind cryptocurrency, blockchain has made some surprising moves among other industries as well. Next up on the disrupt list is the energy industry. A concept known as a blockchain smart grid is the potential foundation for a consumer-based energy market. Much like how cryptocurrency is a consumer-based exchange market, the same principles of buying, selling, and trading can be applied to energy demands. Capable of tracking a network of electricity generation, customers will have the option to choose the greenest options within their price range. Computer modeling works to forecast demand, increase efficiency and needless waste, and lower the costs. Energy rates of regulated monopolies like power companies are controlled by state governments in the United States, though elsewhere corruption can cause major unexplained rate hikes. Consumers have little say in where their power is coming from regardless of where they live. With the blockchain smart grid however, peer-to-peer sharing gives consumers the option to see where there energy is coming from and has the potential to help encourage more saturated usage of clean energy sources. After all, if clean energy sources were available to you, wouldn’t you take an opportunity to use them? As technologies both digital and environmental continue to develop, accessibility and reliability of clean energy will grow and become available to everyone. Take a look at this infographic for more on the current state of energy demands, the monopoly of power companies, and how blockchain could revolutionize the power grid.

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Written by Lucy Justina A bilingual person is the one who knows both the languages involved in the conversation and is able to understand as well as translate the same. So, the question will come to anybody’s mind that why such bilingual person cannot work as the interpreter! The logic is correct but practically a bilingual person would not be the right alternative for professional interpreter. Here are the reasons! - Lack of subject specific knowledge A bilingual person may have learnt these languages in different circumstances. He may have used both these languages over years but yet the knowledge or vocabulary of either of the languages may be limited. They may not have the knowledge of technical terms to be used in the professional situation. Some may have learnt these languages at different ages, which would also make the understanding of the language vary. - Professional touch missing Interpretation requires professional touch as it is done in real time. When the communication is taking place, the interpreter should translate what is being communicated without taking unnecessary pauses to maintain the flow of data. When there are too many pauses, the idea of interpretation is defeated. Bilingual person would face a problem in doing this due to lack of practice and professional training. - Connecting two languages Certain communications are beyond literal interpretation. When sitting in a conference, the interpreter would come across highly specialized subjects. Even when he would not have detailed knowledge of the subject, the professional training helps him to establish a connection between both the languages. The basic terms used in different subjects are taught at the time of training and the rest comes with experience. They specialize in understanding the body language, accent, and local terminology. - Voice modulation Professional interpreters also learn voice modulation. They undergo formal training to acquire speaking skills and voice training. When they interpret the given statement, the voice modulation, speaking methodology, and inclusion of pauses ensure that the other person understands exactly what is being said without any ambiguity. There are no repeats in case of interpretation and hence they have to speak the language in the accent that other people understand. Bilingual person will fail on this as for him interpretation is about translating from one language to another without any voice modulation. - Critical issues Certain issues are highly critical and would require high level expertise to avoid any discrepancy. For example, court proceedings and medical appointments are very critical subjects. Here the person not just requires professional interpretation expertise, but he also needs the experience of handling such issues. Usually the professional interpreters for legal and medical issues fall under specialized category. They acquire detailed knowledge of the subject to ensure that no wrong interpretation takes place. Bilingual person would try to put in his best, however he won’t be able to do justice to the issue due to missing expertise. Bilingual person may work during informal chitchat, but when it comes to professional interpretation, you need only professional interpreter for flawless results. This article was written by Lucy Justina.

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Mobile learning (or m-learning) combines the information technology and communication for the education (EDU), the training and the technology of the smartphones. It concerns in the learning or the training on the user smartphones or tablet, it doesn’t matter when or where you are. These courses can take the form of the simple texts, messages, images, videos, or games. 1- Why you should train your contributors on the mobile? Making a consultation on the websites, managing emails while you are moving around, scheduling the appointments, the ability of working is the origin of the multiplication recommendation of the smartphones in the companies; this is especially for the sales strengths, the managers or the nomadic workers in a wide sense. And this phenomenon is further simplified by the professional use of the private smartphones (Body, Bring Your Own Device). The use of smartphones has exceeded than the laptop. According to the study of “ Global Mobile consumer survey 2016” has published by Deloitte, 77% of the French people have smartphone vs. 74% have PC, 57% have a desktop computer and 53% own tablet. This study shows that the French people are addicted to their mobile phone, with an average of 26.6 smartphone consultation per day, and especially 50 for the youth between the ages of (18-24 years). The world of training is impacted by this trend: 96% of HR decision-makers think that digital learning will be an essential development in the upcoming years. If e-learning has experienced significant growth in companies, m-learning is about to replace or end it. Actually, the usage of smartphones corresponds more on the behaviors of the new generations, less inclined to spend several hours behind their computers on an e-learning platform. With a few minutes a day, with the form of a game or a cross-company tournament, mobile learning applications appeal to learners. 2. More than a trend, a real revolution in the training course Mobile learning is not just an evolution of e-learning and the new inclination of training managers. More than a replacement, this new format complements face-to-face and e-learning courses, more or less adapted to the topics. For example, a face-to-face format will be used as part of management training or be learning to speak in public, requiring scenarios. An e-learning platform will be more appropriate for a long subject, allowing the learner to progress at his own rhythm and review concepts that he would not have assimilated at the first time. The m-learning focuses on “bite-size learning”, also called micro-learning or “rapid learning”, which promotes the assimilation of the course in small bits repeated over a period of time. Learning can be done in environments that are normally unfavorable to teaching: in transport, in a workplace without access to a computer, a small dose a day without being forced to block a whole niche. And by repeating the content over time, the retention of knowledge is strengthened. Mobile learning also uses gamification techniques, either within the course content or through a system of competition between colleagues. These techniques, from the video game world, encourage employee engagement with the training in question – much more than e-learning. 3- The fundamental difference between mobile learning and e-learning on smartphones Some training organizations try to simplify the movement of mobile training by making their platforms responsive and accessible on smartphones. But mobile learning is much more than that: its fundamental component lies in the gamification of the training course. Thus, m-learning uses the codes of the world of video games for training content: points to win, rewards, challenges, levels, rankings. Mobile learning is based on a growing phenomenon and a pre-existing taste for games. There is only to compare the Assimil methods and other “old-school” foreign language learning systems with the resounding success of Duolingo (more than 10 million registered users to date). Today, more than one in three French states play on his smartphone. And this trend applies to all generations: with 132 million users and $ 850,000 in revenue per day, Candy crush is the perfect example. The gamification of learning paths is particularly effective in promoting learning because it requires active participation by learners. This entails a faster and more important involvement and ownership of the disclosed content. More than a miracle recipe to replace old models, the SPARTED mobile learning solution offers complementary formula face-to-face and e-learning courses to launch a “Blended Learning” strategy. The main advantages that companies will have in using mobile learning are the concept of pleasure linked to learning through play, and the format in “small doses”. These features will be particularly appreciated by millennial.

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AI is transforming medicine – but it can only work with proper sharing of data It is not often that one witnesses a transformational advance in medicine. But the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the early detection of disease is exactly that. I was a co-author of the paper recently published in Nature showing that an AI system developed by Google was better at spotting breast tumours than doctors. Now, researchers in the US have reported that AI-supported laser scanners are faster than doctors at detecting brain tumours. These are very exciting developments that will, ultimately, have a big impact on the accuracy, logistics and speed of diagnosis. There are a multitude of similar projects underway that employ artificial intelligence in the early detection of macular degeneration, acute kidney failure, skin cancer, sepsis, Alzheimer’s disease and depression, among others. Healthcare provides especially fertile territory for these advances because of the sheer volume and complexity of medical knowledge. No clinician, however smart, can hope to master it. The aim is not to replace the doctor (yet, at least) but to enhance their medical expertise. Saving lives, and costs As well as speeding up diagnosis and making it more accurate, potential savings of around US$400 billion in the US healthcare sector alone might be made from these developments, according to some estimates. To achieve this, however, scientists need access to data. Data is as vital to artificial intelligence as coal was to the railways and oil to the motorcar. To fulfil the promise of AI in healthcare, medical data will need to be treated as precious to our health as drinking water, says Etta Pisano, chief research officer at the American College of Radiology, in a commentary published alongside our paper in Nature. It is a striking image: our global medical records may be as vital to our health as the water we drink and the air we breathe. And just as we seek to protect our drinking water from contamination and our air from pollution, we must protect our records from abuse. I know, as a researcher, that the risk is real when it comes to keeping patient records confidential. And, as a patient, I know the safety of our data is paramount. For our research on AI in breast cancer detection, we studied over 29,000 mammograms from women in the UK and the US. All the records were anonymised and no woman could be identified – a standard procedure to protect patient confidentiality. But the research could not have gone ahead without access to this vital data. We need to demonstrate why data sharing is a social benefit, if we are to generate the growth that these innovations could deliver. There is a moral imperative to improve care for others through research. The biggest challenge, however, is to devise a system of data governance that protects the interests of patients, provides access for researchers, distributes the fruits of success fairly and wins the confidence of the public. As set out in its 2017 industrial strategy, the UK government has established an Artificial Intelligence Council to boost growth of AI in the UK and its ethical use, and a Centre for Data Ethics to establish a governance regime for data driven technologies. This is a welcome recognition of the central importance of adopting an ethical approach to the development of these technologies. But we need to go further. Public trust demands more transparency and the creation of incentives to allow data to be shared – for example, by giving the NHS a share of any commercial benefits gained from use of NHS data. There also needs to be a health-specific data charter, with clear rules, norms and standards, setting out what can be done, what should be done and what may not be done. The government should offer an absolute guarantee that patient information will not be shared outside the health, care and research systems. Users of NHS data should be required to prove that they are using it to improve quality, safety and efficiency. There are huge opportunities in these technologies to advance healthcare, benefit health systems and improve the outlook for millions of patients. But unless we establish clear rules from the outset, we risk sacrificing public trust, surrendering vital clinical gains and squandering the potential in the vast quantities of medical data we have spent decades accumulating.

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https://aihub.org/2020/01/23/ai-is-transforming-medicine-but-it-can-only-work-with-proper-sharing-of-data/

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en

Polarization Intensity Differential Scattering (PIDS) technology is a Beckman Coulter-patented technique that — combined with laser diffraction — enables direct detection of particles as small as 10 nm. Particles below a few microns in diameter have similar light scattering patterns that are alike in shape and intensity. These physical properties make it difficult to distinguish the differences between such patterns, which means inaccurate sizing with low resolution, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty when resolving actual particle size. Vertically polarized scattered light has different scattering patterns and fine structures from that of horizontally polarized light for small particles. The main characteristic of the horizontal scattering intensity (Ih) for small particles is that there is a minimum of about 90°. This minimum shifts to larger angles for larger particles. Thus, although both vertical scattering intensity (Iv) and (Ih) contrast only slightly in the case of small particles, the difference between them can reveal a more distinguished fine structure, thereby making the sizing of small particles possible. Combining polarization effects with wavelength dependence at large angles, we can extend the sizing limit to as low as 10 nm. Large particles scatter light strongly at low angles and with readily detectable maxima and minima in the scattering pattern. This means that detectors placed at low angles relative to the optical path and with sufficient angular resolution can detect these maxima and minima. Conversely, small particles scatter light weakly and without any discernible maxima and minima until extremely high angles of measurement are reached. This makes detection and resolution of the scattering pattern difficult. Manufacturers have adopted different solutions to overcome these limitations with varying degrees of success. Most efforts have focused on measuring back-scattered light. While such strategies help, they are not complete solutions. For this reason Beckman Coulter developed the PIDS system, creating for the first time a complete solution to the problem of sub-micron sizing. The technology employed in PIDS is elegant yet simple and takes advantage of the Mie theory of light scattering. PIDS relies on the transverse nature of light, i.e., that it consists of a magnetic vector and an electric vector at 90° to it. If, for example, the electric vector is “up and down” the light is said to be vertically polarized. When a sample is illuminated with a light of a given polarized wavelength, the oscillating electric field establishes a dipole (oscillation) of the electrons in the sample. These oscillations will be in the same plane of polarization as the propagated light source. The oscillating dipoles in the particles radiate light in all directions except that of the irradiating light source. PIDS takes advantage of this phenomenon. Light at three wavelengths (475, 613 and 900 nm) sequentially irradiates the sample, with first vertically and then horizontally polarized light. The LS 13 320 XR measures the scattered light from the samples over a range of angles. By analyzing the differences between the horizontally and vertically radiated light for each wavelength, we gain information about the particle size distribution of the sample. We are measuring the differences between vertically and horizontally polarized signals, and not simply the values of a given polarization. The intensity vs. scattering angle information from the PIDS signals is then incorporated into the standard algorithm from the intensity vs. scattering angle data from the laser light scattering to give a continuous size distribution. Another major benefit of acquiring PIDS data is that by simple interpretation of the raw data we can quickly confirm if small particles are actually present, as large particles do not exhibit the differential signal shown by small particles.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.beckman.mx/resources/technologies/laser-diffraction/pids

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Treatment for Tooth Resorption at Animal Hospital of Sullivan County Cats are very good at hiding any signs of illness, injury or discomfort, even the pain caused by tooth resorptive tooth lesions. Resorptive lesions can make chewing difficult and painful. If your cat is struggling with this degenerative, progressive oral condition, rest assured that relief is at hand here at Animal Hospital of Sullivan County, where we routinely treat a variety of dental issues for cats and dogs in the Ferndale, Monticello and Liberty area. A Painful Dental Problem for Cats The condition currently known as tooth resorption has gone by a number of names over the years, from "feline resorptive lesions" and "cervical line erosions" to "cat cavities". The condition is characterized by the erosion and breakdown of dentin. Dentin is the bony structure that gives teeth their bulk and hardness; it surrounds and protects the sensitive nerve tissue known as the pulp. This material can break down along any part of the tooth, including the root and as it does, the pulp becomes increasingly exposed. The majority of cats aged 5 and older will experience resorption in at least one tooth. Depending on the extent of the resorption, your cat may suffer anything from minor pain to acute pain and tooth loss. In severe cases, cats may refuse to eat or even to be touched on the face. Other signs to watch for include: - Jaw trembling - A bloody mouth - Tilting of the head while eating (an effort to chew on the unaffected side of the mouth) - A new, unaccountable preference for soft foods The cause of tooth resorption remains something of a veterinary mystery. It doesn't necessarily indicate poor dental hygiene, malnutrition, or any underlying medical condition. Our Veterinarian Can Help Your Cat Feel (and Eat) Better Regular preventative care exams can help our veterinarian spot a case of tooth resorption in its early stages. Of course, you should also bring your cat to us anytime you see clear signs of dental distress. X-rays can confirm resorptive lesions in any parts of the teeth. Filling these resorptive lesions has not been found beneficial and it is best to extract the affected tooth to relieve pain and discomfort. We can extract the tooth and recommend any necessary dietary changes to ensure that your cat gets their daily nutrition. Meeting Your Veterinary Pet Care Needs in Ferndale, Monticello, and Liberty When you need pet care for dogs or cats in Ferndale, Monticello, and Liberty, then you need Animal Hospital of Sullivan County. Call our veterinary office at (845) 292-6711.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.ahofsc.com/resorptive-lesion-in-cats

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en

Humans have built high-rises since ancient Roman times, but it wasn’t until the 20th century that they became the default work space for a significant slice of the world’s workers. While these buildings are certainly efficient, they can cause real health issues. Office buildings, where many Australians spend much of their time, are even worse than apartment buildings. Cubicles in offices usually consist of partitions made of particle board and vinyl carpet, synthetic flooring, a particle board desk and plastic or synthetic office chair, mostly lit by artificial lighting. The lucky few get natural light and a view from a window, but poor ventilation still spreads germs. One excellent way to combat both sick days and stress is by filling your office with plants. Ideally, you want plants that will “scrub” the air of pathogens, improve the office’s mix of bacteria, and survive in low light with little care. Fight formaldehyde (and other nasty chemicals) One of the many chemical compounds given off by synthetic office furnishings is formaldehyde, which can irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and throat, and also cause allergic contact dermatitis. Irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, as well as headaches, are the most common reported symptoms of exposure to formaldehyde toxins. Other harmful chemicals in the office may include benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylene, and even ammonia from cleaning products. High levels of carbon dioxide breathed out by a roomful of colleagues can give the room that “stuffy” feeling, particularly if there is no air conditioning. Indoor plants will purify the air, reducing volatile organic compounds, including formaldehyde. A NASA clean air study tested common indoor plants for the ability to filter pollutants, and found many are very effective at removing multiple kinds of organic compounds from the air (this chart is very handy for finding high performers). To best remove indoor pollutants, try for one medium-sized plant per 2.2 square metres. Look for species with large leaves (the more leaf surface area, the more efficient it is). Improve indoor bacteria balance There are already trillions of bacteria in high-rise offices, but only a limited amount come in through open windows and air conditioning from the outdoor environment. Most of the bacteria, fungi and viruses come from people; we leave behind a microbial cloud from our skin wherever we go. The office environment then creates new habitats for microbial communities that may be quite foreign to human skin, and may not be good for your health. Beneficial bacteria on indoor plants and in their soil are an important addition to the office, stabilising the ecology of the built synthetic environment. Plant-associated bacteria could also help to avoid outbreaks of pathogens by enhancing microbial biodiversity and balancing the complex network of the ecosystem. A wholesome balance may reduce the incidence of viral illness and the number of sick days among staff. It’s not just the size of the plant that’s important here. Larger pots mean more root mass and soil surface for helpful bacteria and root microbes. Over the past 30 years, research has shown that green spaces promote public health, and that contact with nature can shift highly stressed people to a more positive emotional state. One study identified eight ways people perceive green urban spaces (described as Serene, Space, Nature, Rich in Species, Refuge, Culture, Prospect, and Social) and confirmed the importance of considering plant life when creating public places. Offices, particularly those with many people, poor ventilation or low natural light, should also consider plants and green spaces a necessity. There are a few basic principles for a good office plant. It must be hardy and easy to maintain, and able to survive without water over weekends (or when the regular plant-carer goes on holiday). Many plants will do the most good in cubicles and spaces away from windows, so they need to be adapted to low light. It’s also a good idea to avoid plants that flower extravagantly, which may cause allergic reactions. Check with your colleagues before introducing new plants. Some of the best all-rounders across these categories are Devil’s Ivy, Bamboo Palm, Kentia Palm, Variegated Snake Plant (also known as mother-in-law’s tongue), and the Peace Lily, but there are many beautiful plants that will improve your atmosphere and mood. So if you’re heading back to work in an office soon (or know someone who is), why not bring along an indoor plant? This is a guest post by Danica-Lea Larcombe, PhD Candidate in Biodiversity and Human Health, Edith Cowan University. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Image: Flickr/Brian Lamb

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://nfppeople.com.au/2018/01/three-reasons-you-need-more-plants-in-your-office/

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en

Air France committed to eliminating 210 million single-use plastic items by the end of 2019 It’s the end of the road for plastic cutlery, cups, stirrers etc. For this year’s World Environment Day, passengers on flight AF378 from Paris-Charles de Gaulle to Detroit were offered products made of bio-based materials instead of single-use plastic items usually distributed on board, in keeping with airline rules and health regulations. Air France today announced its decision to eliminate 1,300 tons of single-use plastic. In this way, Air France will eliminate 210 million single-use plastic items by the end of 2019. They will be replaced by sustainable alternatives on all flights. 100 million plastic cups replaced with paper cups; 85 million plastic cutlery items replaced with products made from bio-based materials and packaging; 25 million plastic stirring sticks replaced with wooden stirrers; Since November 2018, Air France has replaced the plate and cutlery set used for the second meal on long-haul flights with a “BON APPETIT” bag. By the end of the year, these innovations will result in the elimination of 1,300 tons of plastic. In addition, since 2015, Air France no longer supplies plastic drinking straws on board, representing a reduction of 1.3 million plastic items. A showcase for the future of air travel Flight AF378 on June 5 from Paris to Detroit is operated by Boeing 787-9, the latest addition to the Air France fleet. A new-generation aircraft, the Dreamliner offers a large number of operational advantages, including 20% lower fuel consumption than older aircraft and a significantly reduced noise footprint. Pilots will optimize the flight path according to the weather conditions and the weight of the aircraft. These eco-piloting techniques will make it possible to achieve a controlled fuel consumption of around 2.7 litres per passenger per 100 km. Air France and the environment: one ambition, one commitment and concrete results Air France is committed to reducing its environmental footprint in order to offer its customers a responsible travel experience and acts on a daily basis to limit the impact of its operations. Air France has set itself three major objectives to meet this challenge: Reduce and offset its CO2 emissions; Reduce, recycle and reprocess its waste; Reduce the noise footprint of its operations. The actions carried out by the Air France group since 2011 have already made it possible to reduce its CO2 emissions per passenger by 20% and to reach the 2020 target by 2018.

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https://corporate.airfrance.com/en/press-release/air-france-committed-eliminating-210-million-single-use-plastic-items-end-2019

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en

In October 2013 the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD) made communications history by successfully demonstrating 622 megabits per second laser communication from the moon’s orbit to earth. The LLCD consisted of the Lunar Laser Communication Space Terminal (LLST), developed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory, mounted on NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft and a primary ground terminal located in New Mexico, the Lunar Laser Communications Ground Terminal (LLGT), and two alternate ground terminals. <p> </p>This paper presents the optical layout of the LLST, the approach for testing the optical subsystems, and the results of the optical qualification of the LLST. Also described is the optical test set used to qualify the LLST. The architecture philosophy for the optics was to keep a small, simple optical backend that provided excellent boresighting and high isolation between the optical paths, high quality wavefront on axis, with minimal throughput losses on all paths. The front end large optics consisted of a Cassegrain 107mm telescope with an f/0.7 parabolic primary mirror and a solar window to reduce the thermal load on the telescope and to minimize background light received at the sensors. Lasercom terminals often scan an area of uncertainty during acquisition with a wide-divergence beacon beam. Once the terminal has established cooperative tracking with the remote terminal, a narrow divergence beam is used for communication. A mechanism that enables continuous beam divergence control can provide significant size, weight, and power (SWaP) benefits to the terminal. First, the acquisition and the communication beams can be launched from the same fiber so only a single high-power optical amplifier is required. Second, by providing mid-divergences, it eases the remote terminal’s transition from the acquisition phase to the communication phase. This paper describes a mechanism that provides gradual, progressive adjustment of far-field beam divergence, from wide divergence (> 300 μrad FWHM) through collimated condition (38 μrad FWHM) and that works over a range of wavelengths. The mechanism is comprised of a variable-thickness optical element, formed by a pair of opposing wedges that is placed between the launch fiber and the collimating lens. Variations in divergence with no beam blockage are created by laterally translating one wedge relative to a fixed wedge. Divergence is continuously adjustable within the thickness range, allowing for a coordinated transition of divergence, wavelength, and beam power. Measurements of this low-loss, low-wavefront error assembly show that boresight error during divergence transition is maintained to a fraction of the communication beamwidth over wavelength and optical power ranges. Free space optical communication systems require robust pointing and tracking to establish and maintain lineof- sight (LOS). Atmospheric scintillation can present a challenge to the LOS tracking systems located at each end of the link. This paper describes a pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) approach for single-mode fiber coupling, which was successfully demonstrated over a 5.4 km lasercom link that was subject to severe turbulence conditions. One of the primary advantages of the scheme described is its compensation for thermo-mechanical drift, which simplifies optomechanical design and allows use of simple COTS hardware. An overview of the PAT system and performance data are This paper describes a lasercom terminal using spatial diversity to mitigate fading caused by atmospheric scintillation. Multiple receive apertures are separated sufficiently to capture statistically independent samples of the incoming beam. The received optical signals are tracked individually, photo-detected, and summed electrically, with measured diversity gain. The terminal consists of COTS components. It was used in successful demonstrations over a 5.4km ground-ground link from June through September 2008, during which it experienced a wide temperature range. Design overview and hardware realization are presented. This work was sponsored by the Department of Defense, RRCO DDR&E, under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/profile/Timothy.Williams-105663?SSO=1

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en

Also called: Broadcast Engineer, Broadcast Technician, Control Operator, Production Assistant Produced by CareerOneStop Video transcript: skip transcript While the stars of popular media may get a lot of the recognition, their appearances are made possible —and optimized— by the work of broadcast and sound engineering technicians. They operate the electrical equipment for radio programs, television broadcasts, concerts, sound recordings, and movies. Audio and video equipment technicians handle equipment such as video screens, video monitors, microphones, and mixing boards. They record meetings, sports events, concerts, and conferences. Broadcast technicians set up and operate equipment that regulates the clarity, signal strength, sound, and color of the broadcasts. They use software to edit audio and video recordings. Sound engineering technicians run equipment that records and mixes music, voices, and sound effects. They work in recording studios, performance venues, and film and stage productions. Audio and video technicians typically work in studios, although some work on location for events or to broadcast news. They also set up systems in schools, hospitals, homes… or other locations. Technicians generally work full time, but schedules may include additional hours for live events or to keep up with production schedules. Radio and TV stations are typically on the air 24/7, so technicians’ hours may run around the clock. Broadcast technicians generally need an associate’s degree, while audio and video equipment technicians, and sound engineering technicians typically need a certificate or related training. What they do:Set up, operate, and maintain the electronic equipment used to transmit radio and television programs. Control audio equipment to regulate volume level and quality of sound during radio and television broadcasts. Operate transmitter to broadcast radio or television programs. On the job, you would: - Report equipment problems, ensure that repairs are made, and make emergency repairs to equipment when necessary and possible. - Monitor and log transmitter readings. - Maintain programming logs as required by station management and the Federal Communications Commission. Engineering and Technology - computers and electronics - product and service development Arts and Humanities - English language - thinking about the pros and cons of different ways to solve a problem - listening to others, not interrupting, and asking good questions - noticing a problem and figuring out the best way to solve it - listen and understand what people say - read and understand what is written Ideas and Logic - notice when problems happen - order or arrange things Hand and Finger Use - hold or move items with your hands - keep your arm or hand steady People interested in this work like activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They do well at jobs that need: - Attention to Detail - Stress Tolerance You might use software like this on the job: Video creation and editing software Operating system software Graphics or photo imaging software - Computer, Automated Teller, & Office Machine Repairers - Drilling & Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Metal & Plastic - Histotechnologists & Histologic Technicians - Manufacturing Production Technicians - Radio Mechanics You might like a career in one of these industries:

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https://www.mynextmove.org/profile/summary/27-4012.00?print=1

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en

Researchers at Nationwide Children’s Hospital report a gene therapy strategy that improves the condition of a mouse model of an inherited blood disorder, Beta Thalassemia. The gene correction involves using unfertilized eggs from afflicted mice to produce a batch of embryonic stem cell lines. Some of these stem cell lines do not inherit the disease gene and can thus be used for transplantation-based treatments of the same mice. Findings could hold promise for a new treatment strategy for autosomal dominant diseases like certain forms of Beta Thalassemia, tuberous sclerosis or Huntington’s disease. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to produce unlimited quantities of any cell type and are therefore being explored as a new therapeutic option for many diseases. Unfertilized eggs can be cultured to form embryonic stem cells, so-called parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells. “Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells can differentiate into multiple tissue types as do stem cells from fertilized embryos,” said K. John McLaughlin, PhD, principal investigator in the Center for Molecular and Human Genetics at The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Previously, the group demonstrated that blood cells derived from parthenogenetic cells could provide healthy, long-term blood replacement in mice. “Advantages of parthenogenetic stem cells are not only that fertilization is not needed, but also that the recipient’s immune system may potentially not view them as foreign, minimizing rejection problems. Furthermore, since parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells are derived from reproductive cells which contain only a single set of the genetic information instead of the double set present in body cells, they may not contain certain abnormal genes present in the other copy,” said Dr. McLaughlin also one of the study authors. A single copy of an abnormal gene inherited from one parent can cause so-called autosomal dominant diseases such as tuberous sclerosis or Huntington’s disease. The affected person has one defective and one normal copy of the gene, but the abnormal gene overrides the normal gene, causing disease. In normal sexual reproduction, each parent provides one gene copy to offspring via their reproductive cells. Therefore, the reproductive cells of a patient with an autosomal dominant disease could either pass along a defective copy or a normal copy. “As the donor patient has one defective gene copy and one normal, and only one copy is used for normal reproduction, we can select egg-cell-derived embryonic stem cells with two normal copies,” said Dr. McLaughlin. “These single-parent/patient-derived embryonic stem cells can theoretically be used for correction of a diverse number of diseases that occur when one copy of the gene is abnormal,” said Dr. McLaughlin. To test this theory, Dr. McLaughlin and colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania, University of North Carolina and University of Minnesota, examined whether parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells could be used for tissue repair in a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia. Thalassemia intermedia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body lacks sufficient normal hemoglobin, leading to excessive destruction of red blood cells and anemia. They used a mouse model in which one defective gene copy causes anemia. Using approaches developed from a previous study done by this group, Nationwide Children’s Research Fellow Sigrid Eckardt, PhD, derived embryonic stem cells from the unfertilized eggs of female mice with the disease, and identified those stem cell lines that contained only the “healthy” hemoglobin genes. These “genetically clean” embryonic stem cell lines were converted into cells that were transplanted into afflicted mice that were carriers of the disease causing gene. Blood samples drawn five weeks after transplantation revealed that the delivered cells were present in the recipients’ blood. Their red blood cells were also corrected to a size similar to normal mice and red blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels became normal. “Overall, we observed long-term improvement of thalassemia in this model,” said Dr. Eckardt. “Our findings suggest that using reproductive cells to generate embryonic stem cells that are ‘disease-free’ may be a solution for genetic diseases involving large, complex or poorly identified deletions in the genome or that are not treatable by current gene therapy approaches.” Dr. McLaughlin says that this approach also contrasts with typical gene therapy approaches in that it requires no engineering of the genome, which is currently difficult to achieve in human embryonic and embryonic-like (IPS) stem cells. Eckardt S, Leu NA, Yanchik A, Hatada S, Kyba M, McLaughlin KJ. Gene therapy by allele selection in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia. J Clin Invest. 2011 Jan 11 [Epub ahead of print]

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https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/newsroom/news-releases/2011/01/patient-derived-embryonic-stem-cells-help-deliver-good-genes-in-a-model-of-inherited-blood-disorder

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The year 2013 marked the 50th anniversary of one of the most historic moments in United States history – the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. On August 28, 1963, approximately 250,000 people participated in the march, which is considered to be one of the largest peaceful political rallies for human rights in history. The Institute worked to make a special contribution to this commemoration by publishing lesson plans and materials that K-12 teachers across the country can use in their classrooms to teach about this historic event. See here for an ASI video interview with some of the few surviving organizers of the 1963 March. Middle School Materials Economic Causes of the March on Washington Using data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics about unemployment rates in 1963, students will determine possible economic causes for the march. March Logistics Then and Now In this lesson, students analyze the organizational and logistical tasks that needed to be accomplished to make the march possible and determine how those tasks could be completed today. Who Was Bayard Rustin? In this activity, students learn about Bayard Rustin and explore why his involvement in the march is largely forgotten in American history. Leadership at the March through Music and Speeches In this lesson from PBS News Hour Extra, students decide if the goals of the march were adequately addressed through the many songs and speeches presented during the event. Racial Equality: How Far Have We Come and How Far Do We Have To Go? This series of lessons from PBS News Hour Extra asks students to consider if racial equality has been achieved in the 50 years since the March on Washington. High School Materials Heart of the Matter In this activity, students will differentiate between the popular memory of the march and what actually happened. Leaders for Today Through careful research of the contributions and qualities of A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustin, Norman Hill and Rachelle Horowitz, students will determine if the organizers of the march should be considered role models for today. Dream Under Development In this lesson, students compare Dr. King’s prepared version of his iconic speech with the one he actually delivered and form opinions about why he may have changed it. Strategizing for Freedom Students research Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey and A. Philip Randolph’s strategies for advancing the African-American freedom struggle and decide which strategy was most effective. Making the Case for Equality: A Comparison In this activity, students decide whether Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have A Dream” speech or the trial closing argument of Atticus Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird makes a more persuasive case for overcoming racism. March on Washington: A Time for Change This lesson plan and interactive timeline from PBS News Hour Extra displays the sequence of events leading up to the iconic March on Washington, who was involved in the march and what the organizers of the march hoped to achieve.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

http://shanker.ngpvandev.com/resource/march-washington-lesson-plans

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en

Table of Contents Making the handrail Step 23: Mark for the handrail uprights Cut the handrail pieces to size and lay them in place on top of the tree house A flat floored roofless area adjoining a house. Timber deck: An outside floor structure comprising of posts, bearers, joists and decking boards.. Work out where the balusters go and mark the positions on both the handrail and the boundary One of a series of parallel members used to support the floor. Part of the framing that provides the structure for a floor.. Ensure that the gap between balusters is not more than 100mm (4″). Step 24: To secure with nails or screws. the balusters to the handrail Lay the handrail on a flat work surface. A short nail with a large flat head used for securing roofing felt, plasterboard, sheet metal to wood etc. the top of the balusters to the handrail on the marks. Use three 75mm (3″) Covered with a protective coating of zinc. nails at each meeting. Nail one through the The widest side of a piece of wood. of the baluster into the handrail and Toenail. A nail driven at an angle to the member. the other two through the sides of the balusters into the handrail. Pre-drill the holes in the balusters first. Step 25: Fix the balusters to the joists Pick the handrail portion up and temporarily clamp it in position to the boundary joist. Nail the bottom of the balusters to the boundary joist on the marks. Use three 75mm (3″) galvanized nails at each meeting. Nail one through the face of the baluster into the joist and angle nail the other two through the sides of the balusters into the joist. Pre-drill the holes in the balusters. Step 26: Posts for the slide entry Position two posts, one each side of the slide. Dig the see PILE into the ground about 500mm (20″). No A mixture of sand, gravel, water and cement which hardens to a stone like condition when dry. is necessary, just ram and compact the soil around the post. Cut the tops of the posts to the required height and add a A beam placed perpendicular to wall studs above doors, windows or other openings, to carry the weight of structural loads. Also called lintel.. Step 27: The stair handrail Use 150×50 (2″x6″) stock for the stair handrail. That is so the balusters can be fixed to the handrail about 62mm (2-1/2″) from the top, leaving enough free space for hands to be able to slide along the handrail without fingers catching the tops of the balusters. Make the height of the handrail 1000mm (44″) off the deck around the platform but a little lower up the outer side of the stairs.

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CC-MAIN-2020-10

https://www.buildeazy.com/kids-treehouse/7/

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Every year, Americans are exposed to 2.5 billion pounds of toxic chemicals, and 6 million pounds of mercury. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, 80,000 toxic chemicals have been released into the environment. Most of them have not been evaluated in terms of their impact on human health, and for the ones that have, the results are disturbing. The Environmental Working Group says the average newborn baby arrives in the world with 287 known toxins in his or her umbilical cord – so imagine how many chemicals may be in your body as an adult. Your body is designed to release waste, not just what is left over from food you ingest, but also from toxins. When waste builds up in your bodies, you get sick and hold extra weight. The way to get well is to improve your body’s ability to detoxify and remove waste while minimizing your exposure to new toxins. How do yo know whether you are toxic? Here are some common signs: Excessive sinus problems Trouble losing weight Puffy, dark circles under your eyes Other menstrual disorders When you are healthy, detoxification happens smoothly. When you are toxic, however, your liver gets sluggish and some toxins can remain in your body longer than your system can handle. When this happens, your metabolism slows down and you retain fluid, causing bloating and puffiness. If you are overweight, then your body is toxic by definition, because most environmental chemicals like the ones in pesticides and plastics, are stored in fat. As you lose weight, you also lower your toxic load. Beyond weight gain, natural health experts believe toxins are implicated in most diseases, from dementia to heart disease, autoimmune disease to food allergies and digestive disorders. Your toxic load may include things like: Heavy metals, mercury and lead, petrochemicals, residues, pesticides, and fertilizers Food allergies, environmental allergies, molds and toxins from molds. Our standard American diet (SAD) Stress — the mental, emotional and spiritual toxins that affect you; isolation, loneliness, anger, jealousy, and hostility, which all translate into toxins in your body. Bacteria, fungus, and yeast that live inside your gut Your ability to manage this huge load of toxins depends upon your personal genetic and biochemical profile. There are steps you can take to detoxify and protect your body. Here are six: 1. Eat and Drink Clean Build your diet around high-quality protein, fats, and non-starchy vegetables. These foster detoxification, jump start your metabolism, calm inflammation, and stop cravings. Drink plenty of water throughout the day. 2. Support healthy elimination You need a complete bowel movement daily; if you have difficulty with elimination, supplement with magnesium, vitamin C, and fiber. 3. Add Nutrients The detoxification pathways of the body require assistance from vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and phytonutrients. Some of these include glutathione, zinc, selenium, along with vitamin C, a multivitamin and fish oil. 4. Identify and get rid of toxin substances. Be mindful of the toxic substances listed above, and remove them from your environment. 5. Get moving. Cardiovascular exercise helps your blood and lymph circulation, and both are important in detoxification. 6. Let go of toxic emotions. Release painful emotions, and practice forgiveness of yourself and others.

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This summarises the groundwater around and above the coal-bearing formations in the Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion. The Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion includes groundwater systems in alluvial aquifers associated with major rivers (and antecedent systems), basalt aquifers associated with the Main Range Volcanics Formation and aquifers of the Surat Basin within the Great Artesian Basin (GAB). The Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion lies within the Murray–Darling Basin and the above-mentioned groundwater systems are included in the Commonwealth’s Basin Plan 2012, with the exception of the GAB formations in the northern part of the Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion. Throughout the subregion, groundwater is widely extracted for stock and domestic purposes, and – to a lesser extent – for town water supply and intensive agriculture. Groundwater extraction for irrigation is concentrated within alluvial aquifers flanking the upper reaches of the Condamine River, sections of the Macintyre and Dumaresq rivers, Macintyre Brook and an area north-west of St George. Across the entire subregion, aquifers of the GAB are a major water source for stock and domestic and town water supply purposes. In addition, a significant amount of groundwater is extracted from the Walloon Coal Measures of the GAB sequence, as a by-product of coal seam gas production. Within the Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion, groundwater monitoring has historically been undertaken by state water agencies for a variety of purposes including water level, water quality and salinity monitoring. Monitoring is focused on priority groundwater areas including the GAB, Condamine Alluvium, Border Rivers Alluvium and the St George Alluvium and basalts of the Main Range Volcanics Formation. More recently, an increasing amount of groundwater monitoring is undertaken by coal seam gas and mining companies, as is required under the current Queensland regulatory framework and Australian Government approval conditions. Groundwater flows in the alluvial groundwater systems, with the exception of the Condamine Alluvium, are generally topographically driven with lateral flow directions similar to that of major drainage. Areas of potential inter-formational flow from alluvial aquifers into GAB formations exist across parts of the subregion, where water levels in the alluvium are higher than in the GAB formations. Groundwater flow in intake beds and in the uppermost formations of the GAB is to the south and south-west. The NSW Government undertakes groundwater planning and management via water sharing plans. Water sharing plans allow for management of individual groundwater systems and are effective for ten years from their date of commencement. Groundwater planning and management is undertaken by the Queensland Government via water resource plans. Water resource plans are subordinate legislation under the Commonwealth’s Water Act 2007, prepared at a river basin scale, and they specify the outcomes and strategies that will be used for each plan area. They expire after ten years unless they have been formally extended. Groundwater is not managed in every water resource plan. Sustainable yield (considering an integrated surface water – groundwater assessment) was not available for the three water resource plans in the Maranoa-Balonne-Condamine subregion. Resource operation plans implement the outcomes and strategies specified in the water resource plans. In response to coal seam gas development in the Queensland portion of the Surat and southern Bowen basins, the Queensland Government has established a cumulative management area to enable monitoring and assessment of the cumulative impacts of coal seam gas activities upon groundwater resources. Within the Surat Cumulative Management Area, the Queensland Office of Groundwater Impact Assessment is responsible for assessing impacts and establishing integrated management arrangements in the Underground Water Impact Report for the Surat Cumulative Management Area (QWC, 2012). The Underground Water Impact Report obliges coal seam gas companies to undertake monitoring and in some cases construct new monitoring points. Product Finalisation date - 1.1.1 Bioregion - 1.1.2 Geography - 1.1.3 Geology - 1.1.4 Hydrogeology and groundwater quality - 1.1.5 Surface water hydrology and water quality - 1.1.6 Surface water – groundwater interactions - 1.1.7 Ecology - Contributors to the Technical Programme - About this technical product

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Fighting climate change requires action by all countries, but in particular the small number of major emitting countries- China, USA, EU, Russia, Japan, India, Gulf states, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Australia, Korea, South Africa – on which effective mitigation of global climate change hinges. Up to now only the EU and Japan have taken stringent actions they had committed to under the Kyoto Protocol. All other countries have ignored climate change and continued increasing emissions instead of reducing them, putting narrow national economic interests beyond the requirements of the planet. The USA and China have been the two main wrong-doers. They posture as “reckless super-powers” refusing to take effective action, whatever the impact on the planet. Combined they account for some 40 percent of global green house emissions (14 GT in 2007), and so far neither is prepared to sign up legally binding commitments, as demanded by the international community, above all the EU. By declining to join the Kyoto protocol in 1997 the USA has done more damage to the global climate in the past 10 years than any other country on earth. Instead of reducing its emissions by some 5 percent like between 1990 and 2010 as it ought to have done like all other OECD countries, it has taken exception and increased emissions by a quarter since 1990. No country on earth has dared to call the USA to order and make it accountable to humanity. All governments have cowardly resigned to accept the perverse consequences of US “democracy”! Some governments like the Canadian, Australian, and Korean were even quite happy to hide behind the US refusal. In 2009 the US Administration has finally understood the need for the USA to act. But it is hamstrung by the Congress and powerful economic interests. After one year of deliberations it has not been able to adopt an even meagre legislation, which would at best reduce emissions by four percent until 2020 instead of the 25-40 percent called for by the scientific community. All this happens in the name of national sovereignty, which forbids other countries to have a say in “domestic affairs” of any country. But the level of US green house emissions has long ceased to be a domestic affair. It will increasingly affect the living conditions of hundreds of millions of human beings in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The case of China is similar. Since 1997 it has become the single biggest emitter country. But in the name of national sovereignty and to boost its economic development it refuses to submit climate data/actions to international monitoring and take any international commitments for curbing, let alone reducing its emissions. The only pledge it has made so far is to enhance its macro-economic energy efficiency. But with scheduled GDP growth rates in the order of 8 percent annually energy efficiency must jump dramatically before leading to a decline of emissions. Under the pledges made so far Chinese emissions are bound to grow substantially over next two decades, making it next to impossible to stabilise global emissions at safe levels. The examples of the USA and China demonstrate the absolute need for a “global climate authority”, composed of the major emitter countries, with powers to “impose” emission reductions and enforce them by appropriate “sanctions”. The 2050 global reduction objectives – 50 percent for all countries and 80 percent for developed countries – need to be transformed into binding targets for individual countries, which will have to modify their energy policies accordingly. Emission quotas to individual countries should be attributed on the basis of past emissions, per capita emissions and future emission paths. This will be the challenge for 2010! For it to be achieved requires first of all the rapid adoption of the US climate legislation, which will be a major step forward towards attaining an 80 percent reduction until 2050 and give a powerful push to China to follow suit. The EU has to be the driving force, with the new climate commissioner travelling around the world and trying to convince other governments and legislatures that the EU approach to climate policy can be an inspiration for them. Brussels, 19.12.09 Eberhard RheinAuthor : Eberhard Rhein

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Ok, here are a few more: 5. Continuing with our ‘written word’ theme… …go a step further than marking them absent on the register – send a card. …when they do something right/good, saying thank you shows you’ve noticed and it shows you’re grateful. Giving them a card in an envelope says much more. 6. Show trust in them. People often ask me on courses “how can I get respect from these kids?” or “how can I get them to trust me?” We tend to ‘get back’ whatever we ‘give out’, so if we want trust we can start by giving it. Here are three ways to give trust (and get it back) 🙂 …give them a responsibility. Often the children who cause us the most problems are those with leadership potential. Or they may just be crying out for attention. Either way, giving them a responsibility shows we trust them and it builds bonds. Give them equipment to look after, delegate admin tasks to them, put them in charge of noise levels in the classroom etc. (Oh, in case you’re wondering, the cartoon is a picture of some ‘Shusshers’. These loyal and helpful souls are hand-picked on our live courses because they are highly skilled at ‘shusshing’ the rest of the participants when they make too much noise. I think the ‘Shusshers’ quite like it, everyone else thinks it’s quite amusing and the trainer gets to save his/her voice for another day. Everyone’s a winner with responsibilities. 🙂 How many times does your most challenging student forget to bring a pen to the lesson? Instead of handing them a chewed old Bic pen from the ‘pen graveyard’ why not use this as an opportunity to build the teacher/student relationship. Lending them a tatty, chewed, broken cheap pen says ‘I don’t think very much of you’ but taking them to one side and saying “this pen was a gift from my son. I’m going to trust you with it because I want you to learn how to look after things and I want you to write well today” gives an entirely different message. (I should point out that I’m fully aware students should bring pens to lessons and that lending a pen to them may encourage them to forget one next time – it’s just a suggestion. 🙂 I’m sure some students really believe that teachers live in the store cupboard with the text books and don’t have lives outside school. All the more reason to let them into your life and let them see who you really are. Opening yourself up to students like this can be daunting but it is during the times when we reveal more about ourselves – our emotions, thoughts & beliefs – that relationships truly start to develop. Think about it – you can’t build trusting relationships if all you talk about is curriculum and school life. Group sessions which encourage discussion about personal hobbies/interests, sharing of photographs and stories about life outside school are a non-threatening way to bring a class together and let the students get to know you better. (More about this later – it’s crucial). Just be careful which pictures you choose to share. 🙂

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Located 1500 km south of Tasmania, Macquarie Island is just 34 km long and 5 km across at the widest point, a section of oceanic crust upthrust above sea level in the Southern Ocean approximately 600,000 years ago. Never attached to a continental landmass, the island’s splendid isolation at latitude 54.4 degrees south, longitude 158.50 degrees east puts it in the centre of the Subantarctic oceanic zone known to explorers, whalers, sealers, and scientists as the Furious Fifties. Macquarie Island was first recorded in 1810 by the sealing ship Perseverance. The ship, which sailed out of Sydney en-route to a sealing expedition in the waters south of New Zealand was blown off course and came across this previously undocumented island. Within 6 months of its discovery the island’s massive populations of fur seals, elephant seals and penguins became a target for ships from Australia, New Zealand and eventually America and Europe seeking fur and oil. The islands wildlife was decimated. Within 10 years the fur seal population was extinct and numerous pest animals had made a home on the island. Over the next century, Macquarie Island suffered the ravages of sporadic commercial wildlife harvesting and the depredations of invasive pest animals including rats, cats and rabbits. Scientific interest in Macquarie Island began as early as 1820, with a Russian expedition landing to document the wildlife and the lives of sealers stationed there. Over the next century, a handful of scientific and exploratory expeditions stopped at the island, and interest grew in its exceptional geology and ecology. Now heavily protected as a World Heritage Area, Biosphere Reserve and Nature Reserve, by the early 20th century the islands unique value as a wildlife refuge began to be recognised, helped by its strategic position between Antarctica and Australia. As Australia’s presence in Antarctica grew, the need for reliable communications became more urgent and Macquarie Island was well placed to be a key relay point for radio transmissions between the continents. The first research base was established by Douglas Mawson in 1911, and the island declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1933. The current base has been staffed continuously since 1948, and the island has seen many significant environmental victories including the eradication of vertebrate pest animals as recently as 2014. Now plants, mammals, birds and even invertebrates are flourishing. It was a privilege to experience this rare and fascinating ecosystem, and see hope for the islands future. In this section: Journals and photos from two days on Macquarie Island:

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Here are some essential insights on Diverticular disease What is diverticular disease? It is a term used for denoting the formation of small sacs (out-pouching called diverticuli) on the wall of the colon (large intestine). While such bulges can grow anywhere, these are generally more common on the left side (sigmoid colon) close to the rectum. Diverticular disease (also called diverticulosis) is very common in developed countries and is believed to be related to the intake of low-fiber diets rich in processed carbohydrates. Almost half of the population over 60 years old gets this. The majority of patients with diverticular disease actually do not have symptoms and these are often discovered accidentally during a scan for other conditions or a colonoscopy. However, others may have the following symptoms: - Abdominal pain and cramps When these diverticuli get inflamed, the condition is known as diverticulitis. Such patients can then present with: - Severe pain - Nausea with vomiting What causes diverticular disease? While it is not well understood why some people get diverticular disease, pressure in the colon is believed to play a vital role causing the weak portions of the colon wall to form sacs. Genetics and low-fiber diets are also believed to contribute to the causation. As such, age is also associated a contributing factor for the development of diverticular disease. How can it be diagnosed? A detailed history of one’s health, the symptoms experienced, and physical examination to check if the abdomen is tender are fundamentals to diagnosing diverticular disease. When there are signs of diverticulitis, they are followed by a blood test and a CT scan of the abdomen, with antibiotics being a useful treatment. Usually, this is followed later by a colonoscopy once the pain and inflammation have settled, to ensure there are no other sinister conditions in the colon. How it is treated? Treatment for this disease depends on the severity of the condition. People having diverticular disease without any complication do not require treatment. However, they should be on a diet where intake of fiber is moderated and not taken in excess, to prevent aggravation of the disease. 2 main complications can arise: infection and bleeding. When infection occurs, pus can form which can lead to serious infections. In such cases, the doctor prescribes intravenous antibiotics and fluids. If the infection worsens, drainage of the pus will be required, either using CT-guidance or surgery. When bleeding occurs, this will often stop spontaneously, although angiography is useful if the bleeding continues and becomes life threatening. In the worst-case scenario, surgery will be required to remove the affected portion of colon. - Bowel resection with anastomosis: It involves the removal of the infected or bleeding part of the colon and re-attaching the healthy portions. - Bowel resection with colostomy: In this process, the affected colon is removed and the healthy sections are not reattached, but brought to the surface of the abdomen as a stoma (colostomy). Open or key-hole (laparoscopic) surgery is possible for both of these procedures. Home remedies for diverticular disease Home remedies for diverticular diseases are mostly based on dietary changes. Taking a diet is with a moderate amount of fiber is recommended. One can take apples, pears, and raspberries. Asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, spinach, squash, etc are also great to add fiber. One should take cereals and grains as well. Remember to avoid taking too much as this will cause bloating and constipation and potentially worsen the situation! Probiotics also work well to keep the got flora in balance.

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Introduction The objective of this assignment is to select one learning theory among five Traditional Learning Theories from the textbook such as, Behaviorism, Humanism, Cognitivism, Social Cognitivism and Constuctivism and write an essay outlining five 5 required sections namely: Essay the best mum Essay the best mum lanco financial situation essay iago vs othello essay guruvayoor chembai sangeetholsavam application essay exemple de dissertation narrative wonder of science essay in simple language objectives ethnicity and crime evaluation essay modesty essay, write my essay cheap uk holidays platycerium alcicorne descriptive essay dvd player essay writing a college essay for admission public health act essay ryerson media production admissions essay s essay, mark twain disgraceful persecution of a boy analysis essay essay on heaven hoax, the art institute of austin essay cheats du study abroad application essays epss ambuq essay sarasota car museum review essay homosexual holocaust nazi paper essay conflict essay on up from slavery essayas zewdie gebre. 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Preposthuman Era Count to a Trillion Dates whose events are portrayed in the text are in bold font. Invention of the aeroplane, mass production of the automobile. Historians will note that it is no coincidence that the French Revolution took place shortly after his death. However, Rousseau was more than just a conventional philosopher, and while his legacy to politics is immense it is important not to disregard the other avenues of his thought. Rousseau was also a novelist, memoirist, and musician. He had interests ranging from art and painting to the modern sciences. Biography Rousseau was born in GenevaSwitzerland, and throughout his life described himself as a citizen of Geneva. His mother, Suzanne Bernard Rousseau, died a week later due to complications from childbirth, and his father Isaac, a failed watchmaker, abandoned him in to avoid imprisonment for fighting a duel. Rousseau left Geneva on March 14,after several years of apprenticeship to a notary and then an engraver. Under the protection of de Warens, he converted to Catholicism. Rousseau spent a few weeks in a seminary and beginning insix months at the Annecy Cathedral choir school. The system was intended to be compatible with typography. The Academy rejected it as useless and unoriginal. From tohe was secretary to the French ambassador in Venicewhose republican government Rousseau would refer to often in his later political work. As a result of his theories on education and child-rearing, Rousseau has often been criticized by Voltaire and modern commentators for putting his children in an orphanage as soon as they were weaned. In his defense, Rousseau explained that he would have been a poor father, and that the children would have a better life at the foundling home. Such eccentricities were later used by critics to vilify Rousseau as socially dysfunctional in an attempt to discredit his theoretical work. His most important contribution was an article on political economy, written in Soon after, his friendship with Diderot and the Encyclopedists would become strained. Rousseau claimed that during the carriage ride to visit Diderot, he had experienced a sudden inspiration on which all his later philosophical works were based. This inspiration, however, did not cease his interest in music and in his opera Le Devin du village was performed for King Louis XV. InRousseau returned to Geneva where he reconverted to Calvinism and regained his official Genevan citizenship. Both books criticized religion and were banned in both France and Geneva. Rousseau was forced to flee arrest and made stops in both Bern and Motiers in Switzerland. Facing criticism in Switzerland—his house in Motiers was stoned in —he took refuge with the philosopher David Hume in Great Britain, but after 18 months he left because he believed Hume was plotting against him. Rousseau returned to France under the name "Renou," although officially he was not allowed back in until As a condition of his return, he was not allowed to publish any books, but after completing his Confessions, Rousseau began private readings. In he was forced to stop, and this book, along with all subsequent ones, was not published untilfour years after his death. Rousseau continued to write until his death. Inhe was invited to present recommendations for a new constitution for Polandresulting in the Considerations on the Government of Poland, which was to be his last major political work.Dramatism is an analysis of human motivation through the terms derived from the study of drama- goal is to find out what drives people Humans develop and present messages in the same way that a play is presented- drama is life. So, as comparative anthropologists have pointed out, when one looks across the astonishing variety of human societies, one repeatedly encounters common themes, dilemmas, and conflicts. These common factors are inborn and drive many aspects of social relations today. Like all animals, humans have instincts, genetically hard-wired behaviors that enhance our ability to cope with vital environmental contingencies. Our innate fear of snakes is an example. Other instincts, including denial, revenge, tribal loyalty, greed and our urge to procreate, now threaten our very existence. To promote equitable representation, neutral and informed facilitators would bring history to the table, reveal existing power structures, and foster relationships between . Are Human Beings Naturally Violent And Warlike? David P. Barash says, not necessarily. Ideas have consequences. Few people – and probably no philosophers – would disagree with this. It is also unarguably true that not all ideas are equally consequential. While human aggression is a naturally evolved phenomenon we have in common with other animals, the difference between human and animal violence comes down to the complexity of the emotion driving it, said Cashdan.

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Even though sandhill cranes stage in the Platte River valley in large numbers during the spring migration, this is not the case in the fall. During the months of September and October, cranes stage in areas of eastern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, North Dakota, South Dakota and northwestern Minnesota. The earliest we typically see (or hear) cranes is late September, with the peak of the migration occurring from late October through early November and ending sometime in December. During this time the cranes rarely stay for an extended period, usually just over night. Rowe Sanctuary is a location where a person can try to see the cranes during the fall, but we do not have guided field trips. Visitors are welcome to walk our walking trails that lead from the Iain Nicolson Audubon Center in the early morning and late afternoon to try to catch the birds on or near the river. You can access these trails seven days a week, except during rifle deer season which typically occurs in the second week of November. Send us an email or give us a call at 308-468-5282 with questions about viewing at Rowe Sanctuary or to find out the status of the migration. Other locations that are relatively close to Rowe Sanctuary that provide reasonably good opportunities to see the cranes are located in the Rainwater Basin. This area is characterized by seasonal wetlands which hold water if there is sufficient precipitation. When these areas have water during the fall, cranes will use them quite frequently. The only drawback is that these areas are open to waterfowl hunting and if there is shooting going on, the cranes will look elsewhere to spend the night. For contact information to find out what locations have water and where hunting pressure is the least, visit the website provided above. Other locations where sandhill cranes can be seen during the fall migration (F) or on their wintering grounds (W) include: Cibola National Wildlife Refuge (W) Willcox Playa Wildlife Area (W) Monte Vista/Alamosa National Wildlife Refuge (F) Jasper-Pulaski Fish & Wildlife Area (F) Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area (F) Kirwin National Wildlife Refuge (F) Quivira National Wildlife Refuge (F) Baker Sanctuary (F) Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge (W) Grulla National Wildlife Refuge (W) Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge (W) Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge (F) Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge (W) Washita National Wildlife Refuge (W) Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge (W) Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (W) Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge (W) Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge (W)

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Different types of Reinforcement in footings or types of mesh used in foundation:- There are different types of Reinforcement in footings. We know that we have to insert reinforcement in Footings for tension requirements. As per B.N. Datta the percentage of reinforcement in footings is between 0.5% to 0.8%. Type of Mesh used in footings is designed by structural engineer according to load analysis. Here I am discussing the types of mesh (reinforcement) adopted in different types of footings or foundations. There are four different Types of Reinforcement in footings or foundations: – You can also read 10 Types of footings or foundations which we adopt in Construction 1. Plain Mesh: This type of Mesh is usually adopted in Plain or Isolated or combined footings. This type is generally used in low-rise buildings. And coming to High rise buildings Before adopting Plain Mesh one should analyse the load according to this mesh and decide whether the type of mesh is balanced with the load or not. In this type, bars are placed as a grid. It may have bars of different diameter and spacing in either direction. The spacing may or may not differs in both directions. 2. Mesh with hooks (Hook Mesh): This type of mesh is adopted in low rise and as well high rise buildings. The footing is reinforced as grid and at the ends of the mesh, the bars are hooked. Bending the bars ends helps in the proper anchorage of the reinforcement. Where the hook length is 9D. D is the diameter of the bar. 3. Footing Mesh up to the depth of Footing: It is similar to Plain footing. In this type, The bars are bent at ends upto a height of footing. Remember, the concrete cover of 1″ to 4″ is provided in all the sides of footing. 4. Raft Mesh: This type of Mesh is provided in Raft footing. Raft footing is adopted when soil bearing capacity is very less. In this type, Mesh is divided into two parts, Top mesh and Bottom Mesh. Firstly, the bottom mesh is provided on covering blocks, ends of a bottom mesh are bent at an angle of 90 degree up to a height of 50D where D is Dia of Bar. And then top mesh is tied to the bottom mesh in reverse direction. Besides, the top mesh is similar to bottom mesh bent with 90 degrees but an extra bar of 50D is not provided as it is already equipped on bottom mesh. The 50D extra bar is provided either on bottom or top mesh. Single ring or double ring In section drawing of above figure. The rings are tied to top mesh and bottom mesh to maintain the exact framework. With the help of rings the Steel reinforcement wont distort in any direction. Minimum Dia of Bars used for rings are 6 mm. In single ring Raft mesh rings are placed in only one direction either horizontal or vertical, Whereas in Double ring System, the rings are provided in both the direction. - Concrete cover varies from 1¨ to 4¨ based on size of the footing. - Hook length in Hook mesh is always 9D, where D is Dia of bar. - Extra bar is provided either on top or bottom mesh and extra bar length is 50D, ‘D’ is Dia of the bar. You can also read:- For Instant updates Join our Whatsapp Broadcast. Save our Whatsapp contact +9700078271 as Civilread and Send us a message “JOIN” Never Miss an update Click on “Allow US” and make us allow or Click on Red notification bell at bottom right and allow notifications. Stay tuned! More are updated Soon!!. Civil Read Wishes you ALL the BEST for your future..

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French physician and inventor René Théophile Hyacinthe Laennec sealed his place in history with a number of important contributions to the medical field. A pulmonary disease pioneer, he introduced the diagnostic method known as mediate auscultation and invented the device that no modern doctor can live without, the stethoscope. Born in the city of Quimper, in Brittany, France on Feb. 17, 1781, Laennec’s mother died of tuberculosis when he was six. Subsequently, his father sent him to live with his granduncle. He visited Nantes when he was 12, where his uncle was a practicing physician and taught as a professor at the university there. Inspired by what he learned from his uncle, he went to Paris to pursue an education in medicine at the age of 19, where he studied at the Hôpital de la Charité under several well-known physicians of the time, including Napoleon Bonaparte’s personal doctor, Jean-Nicolas Corvisart des Marest. He qualified in 1804. While still a student, he gave one of the world’s first lectures on melanoma, coining the term melanoma from the Greek word for “black.” The lecture was published a year later. From Corvisart, Laennec had learned to use a method of tapping his fingers on a patient’s chest to diagnose disease. He improved on this technique by placing his ear directly on the patient’s chest and learning how to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy sounds of the heart. In 1816, while working at the Hôpital Necker, he realized that for patients carrying excess weight, it was often too difficult to hear what was happening in a patient’s chest. Furthermore, it was awkward, if not impermissible, for him to put his ear to the chest of female patients. He recalled a children’s game, where players held a long piece of wood to their ears while another child at the other end made tapping sounds with a pin. The sounds were transmitted through the wood. This gave him an idea. First, Laennec rolled sheets of paper into a cylinder and applied the resulting roll to a patient’s chest, listening with his ear pressed to the other end. He discovered that it worked quite well and began experimenting with materials to improve the tool. His final design consisted of a hollowed-out cylinder of wood, about a foot long and an inch and a half wide. He called the instrument a stethoscope, using the Greek word “stethos,” for chest. The “New England Journal of Medicine” reported the invention of the stethoscope two years later, though many doctors continued to use the ear-to-the-chest method of listening to the heart for years to come. American doctor George Cammann invented the binaural stethoscope, which had two earpieces, in 1852. Meanwhile, Laennec embarked on a massive research project, categorizing unhealthy sounds made by the human heart and, by conducting autopsies on deceased patients, identifying their causes. This allowed him to better diagnose and treat new patients. He refined his research, giving names to sounds that are still used today, such as rhonci and rale. His work culminated in the publishing of his classic 1819 work, entitled "De l'Auscultation Mediate" ("On Mediate Auscultation"). This book has been called one of the most important books in medical history, along with the works of Hippocrates. For this, Laennec has been called the father of thoracic medicine. Laennec coined the term “mediate auscultation," which means using a mediator, or tool, to listen to and identify sounds made by the human body. He was also the first to use the word “cirrhosis,” from the Greek for “tawny,” and the first to describe a rare tuberculosis of the skin disease. In 1822, Laennec took over the post of chair of medicine at the Collège de France from Corvisart. He became a professor of medicine there a year later, and he also became Head of the Medical Clinic at the Hôpital de la Charité. At the young age of 45, while studying tuberculosis, Laennec contracted the disease. He returned to Brittany, where he died in Kerlouanec on Aug. 13, 1826.

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When you were a child or young adult, there's a good chance that one of the major lessons you learned from a parent is the value of a dollar. As you get old enough to start managing your own bills and other living expenses, it's important to set your own financial goals to help protect your future. Budget Your Money Creating a budget will help you to identify where your money goes after you receive your paycheck. It will take a few months to get a comfortable average, but once you identify how much money you need for each bill during the month, you can start to eliminate the money drains that often cost you throughout the year. You will also have a good idea of what is left over after paying the necessities. All work and no play can lead to a very dull life, though. If possible, try to set aside a small amount each month so that you can enjoy yourself. Even if it's only $10 dollars to see a movie, think of it as a reward for staying on track. Build Your Savings It can be difficult, at times, to have the money to pay off every bill. That's expected, especially during certain months when your utilities may spike. It is important, however, to get in the habit of putting a small percentage of your income into a savings account. Set a percentage you want to put aside each month, and deposit it in the bank every payday. There will likely be some months when you can save larger amounts, which helps offset the months when you can't save the usual amount. Manage Your Spending When you start to create your budget, take a good look at how you spend your money. Keep all of your receipts and identify your money drains. If you notice that four out of five work days you stop at the local coffee shop, start carrying a travel mug of coffee that you've brewed at home. Instead of spending what you normally would on coffee every day, stick that money in your savings account instead. This will also help you learn how to cut spending in other areas. If a good portion of your earnings goes towards gas every month, maybe start a carpool and share the expense. Simple goals that are set when you first start taking care of your finances can turn into lifelong habits that will allow you to live comfortably once you reach retirement age. It's never too early to start setting good financial goals. This content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information, and provided by Twenty Over Ten. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security.

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Map of Sullivan County, Tennessee, showing civil districts (1836) - View Full Item - Created Date Hand-drawn map of Sullivan County (Tenn.) outlining the newly established civil districts. Surveyor's calls for each civil district's boundaries are provided. Blountville, Paperville, stage roads, Ready Creek road, Bays Mountain, Iron Mountains, and the Holston and Watauga rivers and their tributaries are all drawn. These 1836 county maps showing the new civil districts, required by the new state constitution, written in 1834 and ratified the following year, which mandated such civil divisions for taxation purposes, were done for many counties. Sullivan County was established in 1779 when it was still a part of North Carolina. It is Tennessee's second oldest county, with the oldest being Washington. It is named for Revolutionary War general John Sullivan and was part of the State of Franklin during its existence from 1784-1788. Its largest city is Kingsport and the county seat is Blountville. - Digital Library of Tennessee - Contributing Institution - Tennessee State Library & Archives - Sullivan County (Tenn.)--Maps, Manuscript Watauga River (N.C. and Tenn.) Holston River (Va. and Tenn.) Bays Mountain (Tenn.) - Standardized Rights Statement - The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. - Chicago citation style - Map of Sullivan County, Tennessee, showing civil districts (1836). 1836. Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15138coll23/id/9821. (Accessed February 17, 2020.) - APA citation style - (1836) Map of Sullivan County, Tennessee, showing civil districts (1836). Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America, http://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15138coll23/id/9821 - MLA citation style - Retrieved from the Digital Public Library of America <http://teva.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15138coll23/id/9821>.

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Combining the open availability of data and data protection is a central challenge for archives in the coming years. Modern archives are infrastructures serving multi-disciplinary research. Research use of digital materials is not bound to time or place. Researchers are using less and less analogue materials, and the archives therefore change along with the research process and modify their services to meet the requirements of digital research. Machine learning is one of the most efficient ways to extract the maximum available benefits from materials. Archive materials provide an overall picture of the Finnish society and its various actors in different times, a reliable and convincing one. Archives as a part of responsible science According to the Government Resolution of 3 March 2011, the reuse and accessibility of publicly funded information resources should be promoted. Accessibility also implies that any materials containing personal data subject to limitations of use or other confidential information are provided for use through strongly secured online services. The researcher or other party needing the information agrees to use the data for the purpose they have indicated. Archives change along with the research process and modify their services to meet the requirements of digital research. The activities of researchers are also governed by the Responsible conduct of research (RCR) guidelines of the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity. The National Archives of Finland have also committed to following these guidelines. The Education and Culture Committee of the Parliament of Finland stated in 2016 that bringing the descriptive data of archived materials to online services substantially improves the accessibility and usability of materials produced and collected with public funding. Archived materials containing personal data or other data subject to limitations of use should also serve the information needs of researchers, the authorities and the public in an appropriate manner. In May 2018, the European Commission published the communication “Towards a common European data space”. Its purpose is to boost European competitiveness and innovation by opening public and private data for open use. This outline requires international interoperability from our solutions. Successful implementation, however, substantially increases the reliability of public data available for use by researchers and decision-makers, thereby further enforcing the societal effectiveness of archives. Reliability of archive materials A large part of the data records of public administration consists of registers, many of which are personal registers. This creates special requirements for the use of such registers in research, and this, in turn, has an effect on the implementation of digital services. The possibility to combine various registers in order to generate new information is central in research use. Merging the European communication on a common European data space with the general data protection regulation into a controlled course of action is a central challenge in the coming years. A researcher must be able to rely on the integrity and stability of the materials they use. Register data and other materials containing personal data are archived in a manner that allows the safe merging of data. Merged data is provided to researchers either as pseudonymised data or sometimes even in an anonymised format so that the information concerning a specific person is not revealed. Personal data cannot be removed from the archived materials, because the materials must be kept unaltered and the scientific or legal validity of records may not be compromised. A researcher must be able to rely on the integrity and stability of the materials they use. The requirement of reliability also concerns the archiving of materials containing personal data in order to ensure the legal protection of an individual citizen. Päivi Happonen is a docent and the Research Director of The National Archives of Finland. Towards a common European data space: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52018DC0232 Tämä teos on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä 4.0 Kansainvälinen -lisenssillä. Detta verk är licensierat under en Creative Commons Erkännande 4.0 Licens. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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Faulk, Andrew Jackson, 1814-1898Alternative names Andrew Jackson Faulk, of Armstrong County, Pa., learned the printing trade, studied law, and was active in local politics. In 1861 he became post trader to the Yankton Indian Agency, Dakota Territory, but returned home in 1864 and engaged in the oil business until 1866, when he was appointed governor of Dakota. He served as governor until 1869 and settled in Yankton, staying active in local politics and the development of the Black Hills. He was clerk of the 2nd United States District Court, 1873-81. From the description of Andrew Jackson Faulk papers, 1817-1896. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 702127573 Andrew Jackson Faulk was born at Milford, Pike County, Pennsylvania, on November 26, 1814. In 1815, his parents moved to Kittanning, in Armstrong County, where Faulk was educated. He later learned the printing trade, studied law, and took an active part in local politics. In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln appointed him post-trader to the Yankton Indian Agency in the Dakota Territory. In 1864, he returned to Pennsylvania and engaged in the oil business until 1866 when President Andrew Johnson appointed him governor of Dakota. He served in that office until 1869, when President Ulysses S. Grant appointed John A. Burbank to succeed him. Faulk continued to live in Yankton until his death, and was active in local politics and in the opening and development of the Black Hills. He served as an advisor to the peace commission under General Sherman which concluded the treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868. He was appointed clerk of the U.S. District Court, Second Judicial District, in November 1873, and served until 1881. From the guide to the Andrew Jackson Faulk papers, 1817-1896, (Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library) Third governor of the Dakota Territory, 1867-1869. A Pennsylvania newspaper owner and editor (1837-1841) and politician (1840-1860) turned Republican over the slavery issue, Andrew Jackson Faulk was rewarded by President Lincoln with an appointment as a trader (1861-1864) at the Yankton Reservation in the Dakota Territory. After operating and promoting petroleum and coal companies in Pennsylvania, Faulk returned in 1867 to the Dakota Territory to serve a two-year term as governor and superintendent of Indian affairs. He continued to reside in Yankton until his death in 1898. From the description of Andrew Jackson Faulk collection of photographs of the Dakota Territory and of the Yankton, Santee, Bruĺe, and Two Kettle Sioux [graphic], [1858-1893]. (Newberry Library). WorldCat record id: 43877590 Third governor of the Dakota Territory. A Democratic Pennsylvania newspaper owner and editor (1837-1841) and politician (1840-1860) turned Republican, Faulk was rewarded with an appointment from President Lincoln as as trader (1861-1864) at the Yankton Reservation, the supply base for agency and military operations on the upper Missouri. Faulk returned to the Dakota Territory for a two-year term (1867-1869) as governor and superintendent of Indian affairs; while in office, he pushed for the settlement of the Black Hills and pursued a policy aimed at achieving peace with the Indians. Faulk remained in Yankton, serving in numerous local offices until his death in 1898. From the description of Andrew Jackson Faulk letters and speeches, 1862-1870. (Newberry Library). WorldCat record id: 34647299 |Place Name||Admin Code||Country| |Black Hills (S.D. and Wyo.)| |Indians of North America--Government relations--1789-1869--Sources| |Dakota Indians--History--19th century--Sources| |Indians of North America--Photographs| |Indians of North America--Government relations| |Indians of North America--History--19th century--Sources| |Public officers--Dakota Territory|

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Most bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics such as penicillin, discovered decades ago. However, such drugs are useless against viral infections, including influenza, the common cold, and deadly hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola. Now, in a development that could transform how viral infections are treated, a team of researchers at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory has designed a drug that can identify cells that have been infected by any type of virus, then kill those cells to terminate the infection. In a paper published July 27 in the journal PLoS One, the researchers tested their drug against 15 viruses, and found it was effective against all of them — including rhinoviruses that cause the common cold, H1N1 influenza, a stomach virus, a polio virus, dengue fever and several other types of hemorrhagic fever. The drug works by targeting a type of RNA produced only in cells that have been infected by viruses. “In theory, it should work against all viruses,” says Todd Rider, a senior staff scientist in Lincoln Laboratory’s Chemical, Biological, and Nanoscale Technologies Group who invented the new technology. Because the technology is so broad-spectrum, it could potentially also be used to combat outbreaks of new viruses, such as the 2003 SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) outbreak, Rider says. Other members of the research team are Lincoln Lab staff members Scott Wick, Christina Zook, Tara Boettcher, Jennifer Pancoast and Benjamin Zusman. Few antivirals available Rider had the idea to try developing a broad-spectrum antiviral therapy about 11 years ago, after inventing CANARY (Cellular Analysis and Notification of Antigen Risks and Yields), a biosensor that can rapidly identify pathogens. “If you detect a pathogenic bacterium in the environment, there is probably an antibiotic that could be used to treat someone exposed to that, but I realized there are very few treatments out there for viruses,” he says. There are a handful of drugs that combat specific viruses, such as the protease inhibitors used to control HIV infection, but these are relatively few in number and susceptible to viral resistance. Rider drew inspiration for his therapeutic agents, dubbed DRACOs (Double-stranded RNA Activated Caspase Oligomerizers), from living cells’ own defense systems. When viruses infect a cell, they take over its cellular machinery for their own purpose — that is, creating more copies of the virus. During this process, the viruses create long strings of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is not found in human or other animal cells. As part of their natural defenses against viral infection, human cells have proteins that latch onto dsRNA, setting off a cascade of reactions that prevents the virus from replicating itself. However, many viruses can outsmart that system by blocking one of the steps further down the cascade. Rider had the idea to combine a dsRNA-binding protein with another protein that induces cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell suicide) — launched, for example, when a cell determines it is en route to becoming cancerous. Therefore, when one end of the DRACO binds to dsRNA, it signals the other end of the DRACO to initiate cell suicide. Combining those two elements is a “great idea” and a very novel approach, says Karla Kirkegaard, professor of microbiology and immunology at Stanford University. “Viruses are pretty good at developing resistance to things we try against them, but in this case, it’s hard to think of a simple pathway to drug resistance,” she says. Each DRACO also includes a “delivery tag,” taken from naturally occurring proteins, that allows it to cross cell membranes and enter any human or animal cell. However, if no dsRNA is present, DRACO leaves the cell unharmed. Most of the tests reported in this study were done in human and animal cells cultured in the lab, but the researchers also tested DRACO in mice infected with the H1N1 influenza virus. When mice were treated with DRACO, they were completely cured of the infection. The tests also showed that DRACO itself is not toxic to mice. The researchers are now testing DRACO against more viruses in mice and beginning to get promising results. Rider says he hopes to license the technology for trials in larger animals and for eventual human clinical trials. This work is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the New England Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, with previous funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and Director of Defense Research & Engineering (now the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering).

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|Hi, Did you get these questions? | Would it be possible to make a clearance between two objects so small that it would prevent water from passing between those objects, essentially making the mechanism "water- tight?" If so, how small would the clearance have to be? Would it be possible to make a clearance between two objects so small that it would prevent air from passing between those objects, essentially making the mechanism "air-tight?" If so, how small would the clearance have to be? Thanks for your help! The trick to making a water-tight seal has less to do with the actual physical spacing between the objects and more to do with the particular chemistry of the surface. Surfaces that water likes to stick to and spread out are called hydrophilic. Some examples of these types of surfaces include very clean glass or metal. Surfaces that water avoids and will bead up on are called hydrophobic. Many polymer surfaces, including Teflon, are hydrophobic. For hydrophilic surfaces, water loves to spread itself out to maximize its interaction with the surface. In this case, it can form a layer that is only one molecular diameter thick (approximately 3 A). If the gap spacing is more than this, then water will have no trouble crossing the seal. However, if the gap consists of hydrophobic surfaces, then water will behave differently. Then, water will desperately try to avoid increasing its contact area with the surface and will not cross the seal even if the spacing is large. In order to figure out the width for a particular application, one must compare the force acting to push the water through the gap to the force originating from the hydrophobic surfaces to keep the water from wetting them. As long as the hydrophobic force is greater than the force trying to push the water through the gap, the seal will remain water-tight. In certain circumstances, this gap is very large compared to the size of a water molecule and can easily be in the millimeter range. The ability to maintain an air-tight seal is dependent on the relative pressures across the seal. If there is any gap that is sufficiently large enough to allow air molecules to pass through, then the differences in pressure across the seal will push the air from the higher pressure into the lower pressure until the pressures are equal. In order to make sure that air molecules can not cross the seal, the physical gap spacing must be less than approximately 3 Angstroms, which is the diameter of an oxygen molecule. Yes, it is possible to get two objects so close together that they are either "air" or "water" tight. This clearance depends essentially on the shape and size of the molecules that you are tying to block (namely H2O for water and N2 and O2 for air). The diameter of a water molecule is about .3nm which is about 3 angstroms, which is about 0.00000003 cm! so in order to ensure that no water got in you would need an incredibly small clearance. For air this distance is even smaller, about .25nm or 0.000000025cm. For this reason it is incredibly hard to make anything which is "air tight", and it is an active area of academic research to develop better vacuums since, because you cannot make anything "airtight" ;the best you can do is such the air that does get in out. Click Here to return to the search form.

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Title: The Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula: In-Situ Formations of Close-In Super-Earths Authors: Eugene Chiang and Gregory Laughlin Authors’ Institutions: UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Do planets form in place, or migrate? How planets form is still a remarkably open question. We haven’t even figured out definitively whether planets formed in the places they are now, or formed in different places and then migrated to their present locations. A prevailing idea to date has been that the inner parts of solar systems—where our own terrestrial, rocky planets are—do not have enough solid material to form planets larger than about an Earth radius. To have enough solid material to form larger planets, the planets must form beyond the “ice line,” the distance from the star at which volatile materials like water condense to become solids. Since water is so abundant, you should have significantly more material available outside this distance, and planets like Jupiter and Neptune can form. In our own Solar system this theory hangs together very nicely! The little rocky planets are closer to the Sun, and big, gassy planets like Jupiter are all outside of where this “ice line” would have been in the early solar system (around 5 AU, Jupiter’s present location). But as we find more and more planets, the plot is thickening. The Kepler space telescope has now found thousands of planet candidates, and the most abundant planets look nothing like any of the planets in our own solar system! These planets are called super-Earths, are on relatively short-period orbits (less than 100 days), and are intermediate in size between Earth and Neptune (see Figure 1). These types of planets orbit more than half the Sun-like stars in the galaxy! In the current favored theory of planet formation, nearly all these planets would have formed beyond the ice line and migrated inwards over time to their current warmer locations. But what if we’re looking at the problem from the narrow perspective of our own Solar system? Our own Solar system may be the odd man out, since it does not have any of these seemingly ubiquitous super-Earths. Chiang and Laughlin’s work aims to shift the planet formation paradigm and explore whether instead of the mass migration process outlined above, super-Earths might have formed in their present locations. A series of order-of-magnitude calculations show that it is plausible that these planets did form where they are. (The authors invite the dedicated reader to repeat their calculations, which are doable for any graduate students in astrophysics, or intrepid undergraduates with some extra dynamics background!) The authors find that: - To form all these planets in place, a more massive starting disk would be necessary—about 5 times more massive than the one we’d need to form the planets in our own solar system. (See Figure 2). - Super-Earths should form quickly, before the gas in the disk has disappeared, which happens about 1-10 million years after the star first forms. - Super-Earths accrete some gas from the primordial disk, which most could probably retain over their lifetimes. This would explain their radii, which are larger than purely rocky bodies like Earth. Overall, this new paradigm for planet formation is quite plausible and warrants further, more detailed study than the order-of-magnitude treatment of the paper. It’s also testable: the authors make some tangible predictions for the future. Among their predictions are that A and B stars should lack close-in super-Earths because they’re too hot for dust to survive to make planets, while brown dwarfs and M dwarfs should have small planets around them. Orbits of super-Earths should be aligned with the stellar spin axis, and these planets should have H/He-rich atmospheres. * Surface density is just mass divided by area, and is the analog of regular density for items of which we observe 2-d projections.

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slides are a side effect of an old unused technology, slide projectors. Still, all presentation software today relies on slides.Likewise, most e-learning (asynchronous courseware) still exhibits features of its flat/linear predecessors. This isn't necessarily a bad thing as some very good stuff has been done using those earlier technologies, but the computer screen is not a page or a slide. In fact, it can be so much more. Comic book author Scott McCloud explores this theme in his presentation at TED2005 and shows how comic books have tried to review their relationship to the page/screen to avoid the mistake of carrying an old paradigm forward. McCloud traces how linear graphic narratives such as the Bayeaux tapestry by necessity - cost, accessibility - gave way to fractured, paginated narratives. Then he shows how innovative graphic story tellers are beginning to examine again how to use the limitless space of the computer's memory to create joined up storylines. He emphasises looking at the screen not as a page, but as a window. This is of course commonplace in games design - think of chasing Lara Croft or flying a sim - and as such is gaining ground in learning with the likes of Caspian's Thinking Worlds or people using Second Life as a classroom or even cheap filmset. But based on what I saw at LT09 this week, I would imagine the majority of elearing still uses the page/slide mindset. Much is made of the benefit of tools like mind or concept maps and how they offer an additional visual element to how information is structured, allowing us to interpret their content in a wholly different way. But at their heart most mind maps are simply heirarchical outlined lists, and often computer based mapping tools are very restricted in the options for including graphical elements. Concept maps are often quite complex, showing the multiple relationships between components, but often requiring detailed re-reading to understand and rarely offering the interpreter any guidance on how to follow them - lacking the scaffolding that would help learners of novice content. The Prezi pan-and-zoom technique looks like a good way to resolve this problem. It offers a page/slide-free representation of information; clearly posesses a capacity for a linear path (it's a presentation tool after all) but also allows free exploration; it literally allows the learner to pull back and get an overview of the subject or drill down for greater detail (offering a Mandelbrot or microfiche-like capacity for zooming). I find this novel approach quite exciting. Of course, there's been nothing to prevent this sort of thing being done before in Flash - I saw it in a Casio mobile phone ad a year or more ago - but to try to create this would have been a complex matter and remarkably hard, if not impossible, to get all this specified in a way that designers I've worked with would have been able to interpret well. Prezi is yet another tool that would place advanced creative control in the hands of non-specialists. So, do you think that you could meet Scott's call for casting aside our hangover from the era of the slide and the page - could it be what he calls a 'durable mutation' - or does the convenience of linearity and familiarity mean the page turning model of elearning, for good or bad, will stay with us? Thanks to Jane Hart for the Prezi link, lost in the torrent of good stuff on her PotD. UPDATE: It would appear that Prezi is in private beta. I've applied for it, but if you get in, please let me know how you get on. You can still look at a couple of working demos regardless. And check out the neat new GUI design - Office Ribbon? Pfft. Deckchairs on the Titanic that was...

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Workplace Mediation Service Education Sector Employment mediation and conflict resolution are both examples of workplace disputes. In the workplace, most disputes are usually resolved by means of an employment mediation. Many companies give mediation to their employees on certain occasions to avoid fights in the workplace. The negotiation between the parties before the mediation takes place is usually done by both parties with the mediation process. There are two types of mediation in present time. They are conducted in a group or in an individual. It is usually determined which one you will need in your specific circumstances. It is important that you recognize the differences. The first type of mediation process is usually done by a group of employees, typically five to ten people. This type of mediation process is often done in a large and crowded conference room. Each employee who is involved in the case is given a seat at the conference table. The mediation process is started when all parties agree to come to the mediation table. The discussion agenda for this process begins with the head of the company or its managers. He or she will set the agenda that the participants have to follow. These can be anything from the formation of a target for the mediation, to the format, and how many people would be needed for the mediation. Most groups will follow a target setting as the starting point for the discussion. The goal is to reach the goal in the least number of meetings required. Looking to start mediation? How we help schools, colleges, Universities and Education to resolve disputes. The mediator would then start talking about how things would go. He or she would let the employees know that they need to participate. Then he or she would give an overview of the company’s rules and procedures. The mediator will not make any suggestions to the employees as long as the conversations go on without going off track. The employee can then decide if they want to continue the conversation or not. Once the discussion has ended, the mediator will explain the rules and procedures that have been discussed. Any concerns or problems that were brought up during the mediation session are addressed and brought up again in a follow-up meeting, to see if there is still a problem. The meeting that follows is generally to review the outcome of the meeting. This will be used as evidence for the purpose of the hearing. If the employee wants to challenge the mediator, they must make sure that they do so, and that the evidence in the event file is sufficient. Some situations arise where employees do not agree with the decisions that the mediator has made. In such a situation, a termination proceeding is scheduled. To keep your employment in good standing, you need to tell the mediator about any disagreements and why you feel that you were wronged. In some cases, employers want to bring in an outside agency to provide an alternative to keep an employee’s employment. In other cases, they do not have the money to pay an employee’s benefits and the process is sometimes faster by using the mediation process. Employees who seek out an outside agency also put themselves at risk of losing their right to free speech and the public trust. They could lose their jobs and receive little if any other benefits. But it can provide the employees with more peace of mind, and often brings the parties together more quickly. If you do not want a mediation to go into an arbitration process, you may want to consider doing a negotiation process instead. That is, you will have more time to resolve your dispute, and you will avoid the loss of wages, legal fees, and other penalties that could occur by going through a termination proceeding.

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The low FODMAP diet has been designed as a tool to help Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients gain good symptom management and identify trigger foods. Research shows that the low FODMAP diet can help significantly reduce symptoms in 68 to 76% of Irritable Bowel Syndrome patients (1, 2). It works by reducing the amount of FODMAPs you eat to see if it helps significantly reduce your gastrointestinal symptoms, such as excessive wind (flatus), abdominal pain, bloating and distension, and changes in bowel habits (diarrhoea and/or constipation). The diet is broken down into three phases: - Low FODMAP diet phase, - Re-challenge phase, - Adapted FODMAP diet phase WHAT DOES FODMAP STAND FOR? FODMAP sounds complicated, but in simple terms it is an acronym that stands for a collection of short chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols, that occur naturally in a wide range of foods and may be added to processed products. Let’s break the FODMAP acronym down: this is when certain types of carbohydrates and sugar alcohols are broken down (fermented) by our gut bacteria in our large intestine. “oligo” means “few” and “saccharide” means sugar. These molecules are made up of individual sugars joined together in a chain. There are two types you need to be aware of: fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides. “di” means “two” and this is a double sugar molecule. On the low FODMAP diet disaccharides represent lactose. “mono” means single and this is a single sugar molecule representing fructose. Fructose is only high FODMAP when it is in excess of glucose. these are sugar alcohols found in a wide range of fruit and vegetables as well as in processed products (don’t worry they won’t make you intoxicated!). FODMAPs occur in a wide range of fruit, vegetables, grains, dairy products, sugars and sweeteners. The below table will give you a brief overview of the types of foods that are high FODMAP for each group, however you will need to consult your smartphone app for an extensive and up-to-date list. Source: FODMAP Friendly HOW DO FODMAP’S TRIGGER SYMPTOMS? When consumed in foods and/or drinks, FODMAPs can be poorly absorbed in the small intestine and pass through to the large intestine, where two major events happen: - The FODMAPs are readily fermented by bacteria in the large bowel, contributing to the production of gas. - The FODMAPs are also highly osmotic, meaning that they attract water into the large bowel, which can alter how quickly the bowels move. These two processes can then trigger or exacerbate symptoms including excess wind, abdominal bloating and distension, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhoea, or a combination of both. Now that you understand the basics about FODMAPs, it’s time to learn about the three phases of the low FODMAP diet and ask for a referral to a FODMAP trained dietitian. - Tuck C, Muir J, Barrett J, & Gibson P. Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols: role in irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Review: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2014: Volume 8: pages 819–834. - Tuck, C., and Barrett, J.(2017) Re-challenging FODMAPs: the low FODMAP diet phase two. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 32: 11–15. doi: 1111/jgh.13687.

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The Differences between a Credit Union and a Bank To many people, the phrase ‘credit union’ may simply be considered a synonym for a bank. For others they may see a bank and a credit union as essentially the same thing, as from the outside looking in the operations and services seem fairly identical. The View from the High Street To an extent they are right, from the outside looking in, a credit union and a bank are very similar; their main differences stem from the raison d’etre of the organisation and are in the structure, which are not obvious from a viewpoint from the high street standing outside the branch. A bank is motivated to make money. The services it provides are designed to result in a profit from its customers. A credit union however is a member owned financial union which provides financial services. It is not motivated by the bottom line profit figure. A bank serves customers. A credit union serves its members. This is a key distinction. Banks and credit unions have different corporate structures. While a bank is a commercial entity with a traditional corporate structure that is removed from its customers, a credit union’s corporate structure is decided by its members. Each member of the credit union is given a vote to elect the director of the credit union. This is a distinct difference from the anger that was felt towards the heads of banks around the world as they received massive bonuses from their jobs despite having caused a crisis with mismanagement. In a credit union the members would be able to remove such figures that provoke anger from their investors. In a bank the customer has no say in the leadership; they can merely take their business elsewhere. As a credit union is not a business designed for profit, its tax status reflects this, and this can often be passed on to customers. The ethos also often leads to better customer service. Employees in credit unions are incentivised to recommend what is best for the client, not push products on them. So while these are hugely significant advantages that a credit union has over a bank, there are also of course drawbacks as well. Credit unions are not as large as banks typically. Without profit reinvested in marketing and gaining members, credit unions are often smaller. This can lead to inconveniences with banking with credit unions as they simply have less capital than banks. Their branches are not as widespread as the largest banks, and their product range is normally not as wide ranging. Benefits of Being Bigger Some credit unions may require more specific ATM’s to withdraw cash. There may be more charges on transactions. For international banking especially it is easy to imagine the problems that could occur when trying to use a credit union that is not internationally recognized compared with a bank which has international status. Credit Unions may also lack the infrastructure to support internet banking, or staff resources to provide efficient help lines if there are any problems. Credit Unions are well worth investigating as an alternative to a traditional bank, however it may be the case that your financial needs are better served at the bank, despite the credit unions best efforts. This article was submitted by author James McDonnel. He frequently posts on a number of leading financial related blogs. When he’s not writing for his financial institute he works with SwiftMoney, providing short term loans to those in need.

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The seven brothers became Ursa Major. The Big Dipper is the more famous part of the constellation. Click on image for full size Courtesy of Nova Development Corporation Ursa Major (Changing Bear Maiden) In Navajo myth, Ursa Major, the Great Bear, originated from the story of the Changing Bear Maiden. In the story, a girl accepts a bear as her husband. Her younger sister tells the father, who in turn kills the bear. Furious, the elder sister uses flesh from the bear's paw to transform into a bear. She goes on a rampage, killing several people. The younger sister and seven brothers attempt to flee their sister. The bear turns back into a girl and chases after her siblings. One by one, the oldest killed six of the brothers. However, the youngest brother brought them back to life. The seven brothers flew up into the sky and became Ursa Major. Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store! Learn about Earth and space science, and have fun while doing it! The games section of our online store includes a climate change card game and the Traveling Nitrogen game You might also be interested in: Ahsonnutli was the sky father and chief deity of the Navajo Indians. He created heaven, Earth, and the sky. Each of the four cardinal directions was supported by a giant. Each direction was also associated...more Amphitrite was one of the fifty Nereids, the attendants of the sea-god Poseidon. Poseidon (Neptune) had fallen in love with Amphitrite after seeing her dancing on the island of Naxos. Amphitrite rejected...more Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was known to the Romans as Venus. There were actually two different Aphrodites, one was the daughter of Uranus, the other the daughter of Zeus and...more In Greek mythology, Apollo was the son of Jupiter(in Greek Zeus) and Leto (Letona). He was the god of the Sun, logic, and reason, and was also a fine musician and healer. Leto travelled all over Greece...more According to an ancient Greek legend, the figure of a gigantic crab was placed in the nighttime sky by the goddess Hera to form the constellation Cancer. Hera was the jealous wife of the sky god, Zeus....more In the Northern Hemisphere sky is the constellation Cepheus, king of Ethiopia, and that of his wife Cassiopeia. Cassiopeia claimed that she and her daughter Andromeda were more beautiful than the sea nymphs,...more According tho the Navajo mythology, the Milky Way was created by the misbehavior of the mischievous deity, Coyote. When the world was created, the Holy People gathered around Black God to place the stars...more

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Eet Data Handling Library Public API Calls. These routines are used for Eet Library interaction. It is a tiny library designed to write an arbitrary set of chunks of data to a file and optionally compress each chunk (very much like a zip file) and allow fast random-access reading of the file later on. It does not do zip as a zip itself has more complexity than is needed, and it was much simpler to implement this once here. Eet is extremely fast, small and simple. Eet files can be very small and highly compressed, making them very optimal for just sending across the internet without having to archive, compress or decompress and install them. They allow for lightning-fast random-access reads once created, making them perfect for storing data that is written once (or rarely) and read many times, but the program does not want to have to read it all in at once. It also can encode and decode data structures in memory, as well as image data for saving to Eet files or sending across the network to other machines, or just writing to arbitrary files on the system. All data is encoded in a platform independent way and can be written and read by any architecture. Eet is a library your application links to. The procedure for this is very simple. You simply have to compile your application with the appropriate compiler flags that the pkg-config script outputs. For example: Compiling C or C++ files into object files: gcc -c -o main.o main.c `pkg-config --cflags eet` Linking object files into a binary executable: gcc -o my_application main.o `pkg-config --libs eet` After you understood what Eet is and installed it in your system you should proceed understanding the programming interface. We'd recommend you to take a while to learn Eina as it is very convenient and optimized, and Eet provides integration with it. Here is a simple example on how to use Eet to save a series of strings to a file and load them again. The advantage of using Eet over just fprintf() and fscanf() is that not only can these entries be strings, they need no special parsing to handle delimiter characters or escaping, they can be binary data, image data, data structures containing integers, strings, other data structures, linked lists and much more, without the programmer having to worry about parsing, and best of all, Eet is very fast. This is just a very simple example that doesn't show all of the capabilities of Eet, but it serves to illustrate its simplicity. More examples can be found at EET Examples.

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In case you're not familiar with them, right here is an explanation for each and every. These terms are used regularly in applied physics letters, so it's important which you recognize them. Before I show you the way essay writers to use these terms, I will show you a few of the most important utilizes for each. Let's get started with electromagnetic theory as a crucial explanation why these are utilized. The traditional definition of electricity is that it consists of particles that don't have an electric charge. So as to realize this definition, you have to know that energy is often created up of pairs of particles or 'quarks'. When these particles collide with other particles, they build an electric field which results in electrons and protons (the substance that we usually know as "electrical current") traveling at diverse speeds. It is very important to note that this isn't an exact science, so you cannot truly say that what is quarks in physics is actually physics. However, it can be employed in other methods, so it can be significant to understand this terminology. In fact, you could possibly be asking yourself what "squeezing" means if you hear a person talk about an electron plus a proton. Well, should you have been to place the two into a cavity, and you have been essay writers to pump a large radius particle into it, you would at some point get the electrons and protons to come collectively as a large radius particle. It truly is frequently called a lepton (short for lepton meson). In other words, what exactly is quarks in physics is when these particles interact with others in a quite particular strategy to produce an electric field. One of the most important words to know with regards to absorption is relative velocity physics. Fundamentally, you may think about it as a set of equations where you calculate how rapid the two particles visit inside a certain percentage of each other. The speed they go to figure out how much power they absorb. Now, the second point you need to know about the idea of absorption definition is the fact that it has been used in a great deal of distinct fields and has made write my essay lots of distinction. Among the items it has been utilized in is on satellites to make sure the satellite orbits maintain the correct path. In addition, it has been applied to obtain the correct composition of rocket fuel to be able to fuel rockets. As you've possibly guessed, the electron plus the proton are both particles that include quarks and because of that quarks are able to be classified as either an up or even a down quark. So, any time you have an electric field that's produced involving two quarks, you'll be able to expect them to both possess a negative charge. When you have got an electric field developed among two particles, it will induce a chemical reaction and then an ionization reaction, that will result within the formation of a baryon (a protosuchian particle). Then, the protosuchian will turn out to be a neutrino. So, it is actually essential to note that quarks don't simply absorb power, but rather, they are the particles that give electrons and protons their mass. In other words, the composition with the atom depends on the interactions that take place amongst quarks. write my essay This implies that the object will have a mass-energy. So, if you have been to combine the two, it would outcome inside the creation from the electron. This type of factor is known as the strong force. Basically, in the event you know what's quarks in physics, you will have the ability to use it to improved fully grasp the 'Abstraction Theory' and understand far more about the world around us. It actually is like taking the meat out on the 'Sausage.' So, make sure to appear up some quotations from applied physics letters and attempt them out for your self.

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Food Scraps Turned Into Energy At Wegmans Wegmans recycles food scraps with Natural Upcycling Eleven Wegmans stores in the Greater Rochester area are sending food scraps to two dairy farms to be turned into energy and useful byproducts, thanks to a technology known as anaerobic digestion. The initiative involves a partnership that includes Wegmans, Lawnhurst Farms, Noblehurst Farms, and Natural Upcycling, a hauling company that specializes in collecting food scraps that can be fuel for renewable sources of energy. In 2014, Wegmans turned more than 2.5 million pounds of food scraps into clean, renewable energy. At participating Rochester Wegmans stores, employees in the bakery, produce, sub shop, cheese shop, coffee, floral and prepared foods departments put what’s headed for the “digester” into collection totes that roll on wheels. Into the totes go foods that can’t be donated, like coffee grounds, baked goods, fruit and vegetable peelings, and damaged produce. When full, the totes roll out to a loading dock. Natural Upcycling, based in Linwood NY, empties the totes onto the truck, sanitizes the totes with a power-washer system built into the truck so they can be reused at the store, and then heads to the next store. Once full, the truck heads to the “digester” at Noblehurst Farms in Linwood or Lawnhurst Farms in Stanley NY. Food Scraps Converted To Energy Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that occurs when bacteria decompose organic matter in the absence of oxygen. As the bacteria work, methane is released. The digester collects the methane and pipes it underground for cooling. Then it’s pressurized, metered and fed into a heat and power unit that yields heat for the digester, farm buildings, and the farm’s milking parlor. The waste remaining, after controlled anaerobic decomposition, is low in odor and rich in nutrients. The liquid can fertilize soil, and the solid “digestate” can be used as bedding for the cows, or spread on fields to add organic matter to the soil, improving its structure. At full capacity, the digester can produce enough electricity to power 400 households for a year. This electricity not only powers the farm, but also generates excess energy that the local utility company buys. Press release originally posted on Wegmans.com

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Location of Çorum Province in Turkey |Region||West Black Sea| |• Electoral district||Çorum| |• Total||12,820 km2 (4,950 sq mi)| |• Density||42/km2 (110/sq mi)| Çorum (Turkish: Çorum İli) is a province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, but lying inland and having more characteristics of Central Anatolia than the Black Sea coast. Its provincial capital is the city of Çorum, the traffic code is 19. Geography [ edit ] The province of Çorum is a mixture of mountains and high plateaus, some of it watered by the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak rivers. The province includes much attractive high meadow and mountain for walking and excursions from the city and towns. Çorum is also known as a Geographical centre of Earth[dubious ]. In 2003, a revised calculation by Holger Isenberg using the higher resolution ETOPO2 global digital elevation model (DEM) with data points every 2' (3.7 km near equator) led to a more precise result of 40°52′N 34°34′E in the region of Çorum, Turkey (180 km northeast of Ankara) and thereby validated Woods' calculation. |Average high °C||4.2||6.5||11.5||17.4||21.8||25.6||28.9||29.1||25.6||19.5||12.1||6.0| |Ave. low °C||-4.3||-3.8||-1.1||3.7||7.0||9.8||12.1||12.0||8.7||4.7||0.3||-2.3| History [ edit ] Excavations reveal that Çorum area was inhabited during the Paleolithic, Neolithic period and the 4th stage of the Calcolithic Age. Remains of these periods have been found at Büyük Güllüce, Eskiyapar and Kuşsaray. In later times Çorum and its environs were dominated by Hittites and in the district of Boğazkale is one of the most important Hittite sites in Anatolia, the UNESCO World Heritage listed Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire from 1700 BC to 1200 BC. Other important Hittite site include the open-air temples at Yazılıkaya and Alacahöyük; royal tombs; and the excavations of Boğazköy including tablets proving tradings links between the Hittites and the Ancient Egyptians. Then Cimmerians, Medes, Persians, Galatians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuk Turks, Danishmends, Mongol Empire (Ilkhanids), Eretnids, Kadi Burhan al-Din and finally the Ottoman Empire. As well as the Hittite archaeology the province also contains a number of castles, bridges and mosques from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. Population [ edit ] |Population statistical of subprovinces| - The census data of 1831 is only the central city, villages and towns are not included. - The boxes with (-) sign are the times the before the subprovince was a subprovince. References [ edit ] - "Population of provinces by years - 2000-2018". Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 9 March 2019. [ edit ] |Wikimedia Commons has media related to Çorum Province.| - (in Turkish) Çorum governor's official website - (in Turkish) Çorum municipality's official website - (in English) Çorum weather forecast information

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You can use the shredded paper to mulch around trees, in flower beds and shrubs. It will do wonders for plants, flowers, fruit trees and garden vegetables. Be mindful of what your worms eat or ignore, and you'll soon know what you can put in the bin and what you should avoid. Usually it is soy oil. Helpful tools include pitchforks, square-point shovels or machetes, and water hoses with a spray head. Non toxic substitutes have been in use for the last two decades or more. Breeding worms can lay two or three cocoons per week that will hatch in 21 days, with each cocoon hatching two or three worms that will mature in 60 to 90 days. NOT on the menu, ever: However when mulching the vegetable garden this weed smothering effect is exactly what we want in a mulch. This will keep the feeding hand far enough away from the machete to insure safety. Go crazy, worms eat anything that's put in front of them, but stay away from dairy products. Enriches soil, helping retain moisture and suppress plant diseases and pests. Click here to get directions for building a wooden box. Don't add scraps if there are special occasions with more food than usual. All you need to do is let them know it is available for free. That is the question. Shredded paper is a perfect substitute and can help you keep your garden fresh! This usually takes anywhere between two months to two years. Paper is usually made from pulp of various plants such as trees, rice, cotton, or hemp. Roll-over image to enlarge Cardboard is another good mulch although it is a little harder to apply and keep in place. Once your compost pile is established, mix grass clippings and green waste into the pile and bury fruit and vegetable waste under 10 inches of compost material. If you put perforated pipes through the bin for better air circulation, you may not need drainage holes. There are two ways to do this: So follow us here as we begin the adventure of the Shred Garden. While receipts represent only a very small proportion of the final compost product, for now each of us will have to decide for ourselves whether these are better recycled and kept out of our compost. Instead of tossing it or putting it in the recycle bin there are other things you can do. Tear newspaper without the color comics and glossy advertisements into strips, the thinner the better. What do you do when you are faced with this situation? Bedding will mat down in a deeper bin, developing a smell if it starts to decompose anaerobically without oxygen. When I had my seed company I did a lot of printing. Sterilized soil or sand contribute nutrients and grit to help worms digest food waste. When it comes to most paper, recycling is the slightly better option. Try the following beddings in your bin. No clear answer emerged from the discussion and it would appear that more research may be needed on this subject. Worms will devour most any fruit or vegetable, with gusto.Shredded office paper and or corrugated cardboard need to be added in with all wet waste not just food waste. As a general guideline we recommend 30g of dry paper per 1kg of wet waste. This is one part shredded paper for every two parts of food waste. Brown or woody materials such as autumn leaves, wood chips, sawdust, and shredded paper are high in carbon. You can calculate the C/N ratio of your compost mixture, or you can estimate optimal conditions simply by using a combination of materials that are high in carbon and others that are high in nitrogen. COMPOSTING: The Berkeley Method. hay, straw, paper and cardboard. Shredding increases the surface area that the compost microbes have to work on and provides a more even distribution of air and Once your compost materials are shredded, mix everything together into one pile. If the pile. Jan 01, · The terse reply I got from Xerox when I asked: 'The paper will compost but the toner will not.' I don't like plastic but I do compost shredded office paper from copiers and laser printers. I'll have to defer to others WRT thermal printed receipts. Nov 18, · The safety of composting office paper is a common discussion in composting circles, and I stand by my commonly-held position, as it is backed by science. Put the office paper in the recycling bin, put shredded newspaper in the compost. Remember that most composting experts advise a balance between green waste -- watery materials like fruits and vegetables, grass clippings and weeds -- and brown waste like dried leaves, sticks, fur, cloth, cardboard, and paper.Download

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What are Lumens? Lumen is a unit of light measurement otherwise known as luminous flux. We use lumens to compare the total amount of light output from a light emitter. However, lumens isn't the be-all and end-all. In fact, lumens will only tell you one part of the picture because when it comes to producing a great beam pattern, it doesn't give you enough information to tell you how the light output is used. A comparable analogy of lumens is an automobile's total brake horsepower (BHP). To measure lumens, we use a highly specialized light integrating sphere. What is Lux? Lux is a unit of light measurement taking area into account. In other words, light intensity. We use lux to measure the amount of light output in a given area, where one lux is equal to one lumen per square meter. Lux is a great measurement for determining what we see as the brightness of a beam. If the light output is concentrated over a smaller area, we see this as very bright. If the light output is spread over a larger area, we see this as very weak. We normally use mirrors, reflectors, and optics to control the path of light and create the desired beam pattern. Lux also determines the magnitude of light intensity travelling over distances. A light that is configured for high lux output will travel farther but will have a smaller footprint of light (e.g. lighthouse spotlight), and a low lux level will be configured to travel shorter distances but have a larger footprint (e.g. decorative down lighting or ambient lighting). To measure lux at a specific location, we use a device called a lux meter. Beam Angle (FWHM) What is it?: Beam angle is the angle of which a light is emitted. More specifically, it is the Full Width at Half Maximum. Since there is no real way to measure the 'edge' of light we measure the beam angle from where the light is at 50% intensity (FWHM). By being able to measure where 50% light intensity ends, it gives us the majority of where the light is used thus representing the beam angle. Smaller beam angles will have an intense hot spot, where as larger beam angles will have a lesser intensity (due to a larger area). Take a look at our beam shots and see if you can gauge where 50% intensity ends, giving you the beam angle. What is it?: Watt is a unit of power consumed. The more power a light emitter consumes, the more lumens it should produce. However, the relationship is non-linear and we can use the numbers from wattage and lumens to measure the efficiency of a light emitter. LEDs have far outpaced the industry as the most efficient light emitter and can produce more light than older halogen lights. One thing to note is the more power is consumed, the more heat is produced, which is wasted energy.

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