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introductionthe selected landing site of the exomars mission (oxia planum) [1] shows mineralogical and morphological evidence that it was characterized by a hydrothermal history and by a long duration of aqueous superficial activity [2; 3]. these factors are consistent with conditions favourable to life development. in... | in-situ measurement and sampling of martian analogues in the rio tinto area in support of the ma_miss scientific activity |
observations of the solar photosphere show many spatially compact doppler velocity events with short life spans and extreme values. in the imax spectropolarimetric inversion data of the first flight of the sunrise balloon in 2009 these striking flashes in the intergranule lanes and complementary outstanding values in t... | the coincident coherence of extreme doppler velocity events with p-mode patches in the solar photosphere. |
the minority carrier lifetime is a crucial material parameter in silicon (si) wafers for use in solar cell applications, and precise measurements of carrier lifetime as a function of the excess carrier concentration (injection level) is of high importance. in this paper we present a method for extracting injection-depe... | identifying recombination parameters by injection-dependent lifetime spectroscopy on mc-silicon based on photoluminescence imaging |
not available 1. a general overview on the development directions of different egas and typical emission reduction examples for various diesel engine and vehicle applications; 2. the interaction between legislative emission test cycles, combustion system development and the kind of egas used. based on current developme... | nutrition guidelines of complementary feeding for infants and toddlers (ws/t 678-2020) |
the presence of dust on the lunar surface has been identified as one of the key challenges for landed mission sand for establishing long-term human habitats. the risk of dust accumulation on photovoltaic and other mechanical or optical surfaces goes beyond mere coverage as the electrostatic charge buildup can affect th... | triboelectric charging of lunar dust by rover wheels |
interest in searching for life in the outer solar system has intensified recently with the new start of the europa multiple flyby mission and the insertion through a nasa community announcement of an ocean worlds (titan and enceladus) theme in the list of admissible new frontiers missions. as part of a discovery propos... | looking for life in the plumes of ocean worlds |
the device based on a mn-doped niox htl retained 70% of its initial efficiency after 35 days' storage under a continuous halogen lamp matrix exposure. organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (pscs) have represented a promising field of renewable energy in recent years due to the compelling advantages of high ef... | efficient and stable perovskite solar cells using manganese-doped nickel oxide as the hole transport layer |
we report effects of controlled humidity in ambient condition on grain boundary potential and charge transport within the grains of pervoskite films prepared by sequential deposited technique. grain boundary exhibited variation of their electronic properties with change in humidity level from sample kept inside glove b... | nanoscale potential distribution of grain boundary dependence on humidity of high performance perovskite (ch3nh3pbi3) solar cell(conference presentation) |
examining the compositional effect of aeolian transport and sorting processes on basaltic sands is significant for understanding the evolution of the bagnold dune field, as well as other martian soils and sedimentary units. we use the askja sand sheet, iceland, as a testbed to quantify the nature of soil production and... | insights from askja sand sheet, iceland, as a depositional analogue for the bagnold dune field, gale crater, mars. |
polar faculae (pfe) are bright points at the edges of granules that illuminate where magnetic field lines intersect the solar surface near the suns poles. we previously reported the average pf lifetime determined from the helioseismic and magnetic imager (hmi) on solar dynamics observatory (sdo) is 6.0 2.7 hours. we al... | properties of polar faculae |
despite the fact that polycrystalline photovoltaics materials such as cdte and cigs are an established commercial technology, the precise role of grain boundaries in their performance remains poorly understood. the high defect density at grain boundaries is generally detrimental to carrier lifetime, however the electri... | grain boundaries and surfaces in polycrystalline photovoltaics |
the detection of planets using the radial velocity (rv) method is hampered by astrophysical processes on the surfaces of stars. these processes induce noise, or "jitter", which can drown out or even mimic the signal due to planets. in an effort to better understand what drives rv jitter, we empirically investigate the ... | astrophysical insights into radial velocity jitter from an analysis of 650 planet-search stars |
its not easy being a speeding rock in our solar system.illustration of an asteroid breaking apart into smaller fragments. [nasa/jpl]over their lifetimes, the millions of minor rocky bodies of our solar system asteroids are subject to extreme conditions. some experience dramatic collisions, some are spun up to such high... | exploring links between nearby asteroids |
dye-sensitized solar cells (dsscs) have attracted great attention due to environmentally friendly low-cost processing, excellent working ability in diffuse light, and potential to meet the power demands of future buildings due the true class of building integrated photovoltaics (bipv). nevertheless, dsscs have relative... | graphene loaded tio2 submicron spheres scattering layer for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell |
the sheepbed mudstone forms the base of the succession examined by the curiosity rover and is also the first bona fide mudstone known on another planet. many initial papers have discussed a lacustrine depositional setting, geochemical features, and implications for habitability. careful review of all collected images a... | revisiting the sheepbed mudstone of gale crater, mars - a comprehensive reappraisal of its depositional, diagenetic, and burial history |
lunar xenon from ancient earth-wind the apparent secular variability of the xe/kr abundance ratio in the solar wind implanted in grains of the lunar regolith is a long-standing problem (wieler, 2016): recently irradiated soils (<100 ma ago) show xe/kr ratios comparable to the ratio found in solar wind targets of the... | lunar xenon from ancient earth-wind |
we live in a molecular universe full of complex, carbon-rich molecules and dust grains. emission from large pah (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) molecules, carbon clusters, and carbon nanograins dominates the infrared spectrum from almost all objects in the universe. however the relationship, if any, between the large... | formation of complex organic materials (coms) from pahs |
the saturnian moon enceladus presents a remarkable opportunity in our solar system for searching for evidence of life, given its habitable ocean and active plume that deposits organic-bearing ocean material onto the icy surface. organic ocean material could be sampled by a lander mission on the surface of enceladus. it... | low effective uv exposure ages for enceladus surface organics |
earth is the only known inhabited world in our solar system. criteria essential for planetary habitability include surface liquid water, a stable atmosphere, and a magnetic field. while the rock record suggests earth has fulfilled these criteria for at least 4 billion years (ga), both its environment and life have evol... | using banded iron formations to understand habitable conditions on the early earth |
this dissertation combines three perspectives on the potential of cost reductions of renewable energy--a relevant topic, as high energy costs have traditionally been cited as major reason to vindicate developments of fossil fuel and nuclear power plants, and to justify financial support mechanisms and special incentive... | socio-economic and engineering assessments of renewable energy cost reduction potential |
ocean worlds in the solar system are prime targets for the search for life. we conducted laboratory laser-based experiments for the identification of bacterial cells on ocean worlds using mass spectrometry during spacecraft flybys. our results show that, using this approach, signatures of the investigated bacteria coul... | laboratory predictions for the identification of bacterial cells in ice grains from ocean worlds |
interstellar gas and dust can condense into clouds of very different size, ranging from giant molecular cloud complexes to massive, isolated, dark cloudlets, called globules with a few solar masses. this thesis focuses on a new category of small globules, named globulettes. these have been found in the bright surroundi... | dusty globules and globulettes |
oceanic ph and salinity are fundamental indices, needed for describing both chemistry and biochemistry. earth, being relatively water-poor, is an end member of the ocean planet family. we study planets very rich in water. understanding both end members is important for establishing a global view on the ph and salinity ... | the ph and salinity of ocean worlds: when high-pressure ice separates the ocean from the rocky interior |
nasa's mars exploration rovers (mer) and mars science laboratory curiosity rover (msl) are proxies for field geologists on mars, taking high resolution imagery of rock formations and landscapes which is analysed in detail on earth. panoramic digital cameras (pancam on mer and mastcam on msl) are used for characterising... | pro3d®: a tool for high resolution rendering and geological analysis of martian rover-derived digital outcrop models. |
glacier movement has been measured over the years using commercial units such as those from leica. the aim is to measure point movements on the glacier surface in order to capture fine-grained data about its movement. this can also help to calibrate satellite-based approaches which have much lower resolution. commercia... | a low cost real-time kinematic dgps system for measuring glacier movement |
halide perovskite materials have emerged in the past few years as promising materials in the absorption layer of photovoltaic cells and new emissive materials for use in light emitting diodes (leds). this is due to their rapidly increasing efficiencies and brightness. in photovoltaic applications they show promise to l... | deterministic nucleation and structural control of halide perovskite thin films for optoelectronic devices |
we present time-dependent simulations to study evaporative transmission spectra at candidate exo-io systems. several close-in gas giant systems are now known to possess minimum column densities, of neutral sodium and potassium, <n>min ≥ ~1010 - 1011 cm-2, that are able to be sustained in the planetary exosphere v... | transient sodium and potassium clouds at candidate exomoon systems |
enceladus's subsurface global ocean (1) can be probed by sampling the gaseous and icy material the moon expels into its cryovolcanic plume and - even further out - into saturn's e ring (2,3,4,5). hydrothermal outflows caused by tidal heating (4,5,6), together with rich organic chemistry (7,8) imply that the moon appear... | detection of phosphate in enceladus' ocean with implications for geochemistry and habitability in the outer solar system |
for more than 300 sols, the mars science laboratory team has been exploring vera rubin ridge (vrr), a prominent topographic feature on the lower northwest slope of aeolis mons. curiosity's investigation of the ridge began with an ascent starting around sol 1800, and subsequent traverse through several key waypoints whi... | a lacustrine environment recorded at vera rubin ridge: overview of the sedimentology and stratigraphy observed by the mars science laboratory curiosity rover |
comet neowise (c/2020 f3) displayed a highly structured dust tail, exhibiting the most prominent dust tail features visible from earth since comet mcnaught (c/2006 p1) in the southern hemisphere and comet hale-bopp (c/1995 o1) in the northern hemisphere. using images taken by the amateur astronomer community, this dust... | structural analysis of the dust tail of comet neowise (c/2020 f3) |
many factors have conspired to make earth a home to complex life. earth has abundant water due to a combination of factors, including orbital distance and the climate regulating feedbacks of the long-term carbon cycle. earth has plate tectonics, which is crucial for maintaining long-term carbon cycling and may have bee... | whole planet coupling from climate to core: implications for the evolution of rocky planets and their prospects for habitability |
neutral aqueous flow batteries with common traits of the redox flow batteries, such as the independence of energy and power, scalability and operational flexibility, and additional merits of outstanding safety and low corrosivity show great promise for storing massive electrical energy from solar and wind energy. parti... | redox targeting‑based neutral aqueous flow battery with high energy density and low cost |
opportunity has been exploring exposures of noachian-age rocks along the rim of endeavour crater since august 2011, motivated by orbital spectral evidence for phyllosilicates at multiple locations along the crater's rim. as reported previously, opportunity discovered multiple bright linear features at "cape york" that ... | opportunity microscopic imager results from the western rim of endeavour crater, mars |
summary. grain boundaries in perovskites are a major source of degradation in perovskite solar cells. here, we report selective passivation of perovskite grain boundaries with the aid of biphenyl-containing moieties. we find that biphenyl ligands selectively react with pbi2-rich interfaces but not with perovskite itsel... | selective deactivation of perovskite grain boundaries |
cinematic visualization of a solar system mission and its environment can lead to new insights for both general audiences and mission scientists and engineers. for its most recent planetarium show, the california academy of sciences chose to address the topic of searching for signs of life on enceladus. working closely... | visualizing enceladus: designing a scene for an immersive planetarium show |
spatially sharpened, along-track oversampled crism data show horizons of hematite distributed non-uniformly throughout mudstones of the murray formation, the oldest unit of mt. sharp, and curiosity drill samples from three locations within this unit contain 5-20 wt.% hematite. due to the redox chemistry and solubility ... | distribution of iron oxides in lower mt. sharp from curiosity and orbital datasets, and implications for their formation |
most dunes in the netherlands are phytogenic, which means that plants are essential in their formation. this applies also to the dunes of the inland drift sand areas, which are nicknamed atlantic deserts on account of their extreme climatic conditions. daily temperatures on the bare sand surfaces may run up to 60° c on... | the contribution of corynephorus canescens to the geodiversity of inland drift sands |
molecules that are important for life on earth or elsewhere are called astrobiologically relevant molecules. one of the theories of the origin of life on earth is that comets and asteroids brought these astrobiologically relevant molecules to earth during the late heavy bombardment in the early stages of our solar syst... | in-situ interrogation of astrophysical ice analogs to understand the origins of astrobiologically relevant molecules |
one of the leading hypotheses for the emergence of life suggests that the building blocks of life were delivered to earth at an early phase by comets and asteroids. protoplanetary disks around young stars offer a unique window into the physical and chemical processes that may have occurred in the early solar system. al... | theoretical investigations on the production of organic molecules in protoplanetary disks |
since its departure from the plains of aeolis palus, the curiosity rover has traversed through a number of new geologic units at the base of mount sharp in gale crater. these have included both units inferred to comprise the lower strata of mount sharp itself, along with units that appear to superpose mount sharp. over... | investigation of a major stratigraphic unconformity with the curiosity rover |
introduction the reliable identification of biosignatures on extraterrestrial ocean worlds is key to the search for life in our solar system. saturn's moon enceladus, and potentially jupiter's moon europa, emit plumes of gas and ice grains formed from subsurface water into space (e.g. spahn et al. 2006, roth et al. 201... | one is enough: identifying cell material in a single µm-sized ice grain emitted by enceladus or europa |
the formation of small-scale strong magnetic features in the quiet sun was studied for a long time. it is likely that magnetic field on the solar surface is collected in the intergranular lanes by the horizontal flows in granules, and then a convective instability (collapse), which leads to downflow in the flux tube an... | chromospheric heating associated with strong photospheric downflow events in photospheric flux tubes |
several icy bodies of the solar system host, or are suspected to host, an ocean of liquid water beneath their icy crust. the most prominent two examples of these "ocean worlds" are jupiter's moon europa (target of the future europa clipper mission) and saturn's moon enceladus (object of abundant observations by the cas... | processes affecting the abundance of astrobiologically relevant compounds from icy bodies within the solar system |
the plume material emerging from enceladus' south-pole has contributions from many sources distributed along four distinct fissures designated as alexandria, cairo, baghdad and damascus. in principle, the properties of the material escaping into the plume would depend upon the conditions within these individual fissure... | spatial variability in enceladus' plume material properties across tiger stripes: observed correlations and implications |
microscopic imaging has long been an essential tool in the robotic exploration of planetary surfaces. spatially correlated microscale texture and composition are essential for properly identifying rocks and soils in situ and interpreting their geologic histories. future ocean world missions will need microscopic imagin... | advanced multispectral infrared microimager (amim) for ocean worlds exploration |
salts are found throughout the solar system, and are an important factor in the stability of water, as well as potential habitability. different salts will affect the stability of water to varying degrees. chlorine salts (chlorides, perchlorates, and chlorates), can suppress the freezing temperature of water down to ~2... | mars with a pinch of salt |
the remarkable performance of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (pscs) is challenging the dogma that solution-processed thin films are inevitably associated with inferior energy conversion efficiencies. the surprisingly low impact of polycrystallinity on the film quality highlights the unusual photo-response of ... | unconventional nanoscale photoresponse and degradation process in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. |
asteroids are the most numerous objects in the solar system and as such act as tracers of the dynamical and physical evolution of our planetary system. at present, there are nearly 800,000 known asteroids — primarily in the main belt — and there are probably around 1 million asteroids larger than 1 km. a comprehensive ... | the solar system notification alert processing system (snaps) |
nowadays the use of species distribution models (sdm) is common to predict in space and time the distribution of organisms living in the critical zone. the realized environmental niche concept behind the development of sdm imply that many environmental factors must be accounted for simultaneously to predict species dis... | what are the most crucial soil factors for predicting the distribution of alpine plant species? |
we developed a direct mapping approach to overlay the image of a polycrystalline perovskite film obtained from the transient absorption microscope (tam) with that from the scanning electron microscope (sem). by mapping these imaging data pixel by pixel, we are able to observe the relaxation dynamics of the photo‑genera... | a direct mapping approach to understand carrier relaxation dynamics in varied regions of a polycrystalline perovskite film |
we have analysed of the complete visual and infrared mapping spectrometer data set of titan covering the 2004-2017 period with two objectives: the first is to document the atmospheric seasonal changes over the poles. the second is to merge all the observations in synthetic global color maps of the surface. for the stud... | evolution of the polar clouds and global mapping of the surface derived from the vims archive of titan |
metal halide perovskites have received much attention for their application in light-emitting diodes (leds) and solar cells in the past several years. among them, 2d and quasi-2d perovskite with organic long-chain cations introduced have drawn significant attention. however, while improving wet and thermal stability, a... | improvement of photoluminescence intensity and film morphology of perovskite by ionic liquids additive |
planetary science is naturally focussed on the issues of the origin and history of solar systems, especially our own. the implications of an early turbulent history of our solar system reach into many areas including the origin of earth's oceans, of ores in the earth's crust and possibly the seeding of life. there are ... | non-planetary science from planetary missions |
in perovskite solar cells (pscs), rapid charge transfer at the interfaces between photoactive layer and charge transport layers is very important. various defects and energy barriers at the interfaces will lead to non-radiative recombination of charge carriers in the charge transfer process, which is not conducive to c... | synergistic enhancement of efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells via dual interface modification |
impact ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (tof-ms) instruments (such as the suda instrument on the europa clipper) study molecular composition of space-borne dust grains by impacting them at several km/s to ionize molecules for tof-ms analysis. however, there have been questions about whether flyby impacts can... | detection of the amino acid histidine and fragmentation products in hypervelocity impact ice spectra: implications for flyby mission velocities |
the outstanding performance of organometal trihalide solar cells benefits from the exceptional photo-physical properties of both electrons and holes in the material. here, we directly probe the spatial diffusion and temporal dynamics of photo-generated free carriers in cs-doped fapbi3 thin films by nanoscale microwave ... | spatiotemporal dynamics of photo-excited electrons and holes in organometal trihalide perovskites by microwave impedance microscopy |
comets hold the key to the understanding of our solar system, its formation and its evolution, and to the fundamental plasma processes at work both in it and beyond it. a comet nucleus emits gas as it is heated by the sunlight. the gas forms the coma, where it is ionised, becomes a plasma and eventually interacts with ... | cometary plasma science - a white paper in response to the voyage 2050 call by the european space agency |
the curiosity rover is finishing exploration of vera rubin ridge (vrr), a topographic feature in lower aeolis mons (informally, mt. sharp). vrr is relatively resistant to erosion as compared with underlying strata and consists largely of finely laminated mudstones. diagenetic features, including veins, concretions, and... | curiosity at vera rubin ridge: major findings and implications for habitability |
the occurrence of sets of regularly spaced, linear ridges at numerous locations on the surface of mars has been recognized for two decades via high spatial resolution orbiter images. many of these landforms have been interpreted as inactive, possibly indurated aeolian bedforms. an alternative proposed by montgomery et ... | in-situ investigation of periodic bedrock ridges in the glen torridon area with the msl curiosity rover, gale crater, mars |
this thesis presents a study of quiet-sun magnetic features in the solar photosphere. magnetic fields in the quiet sun organize on small spatial scales, evolve very rapidly, and produce weak polarization signals. with these properties their observation requires high spatial and temporal resolution together with sensiti... | evolutionary tracks of quiet-sun magnetic features |
chemical passivation of defective perovskite surface is a fundamental strategy to stabilize solar cell operation by impeding the defect-dominant surface ion migration. here, we show that the configuration of organic cations plays a key role in determining their surface adsorption energetics at various perovskite facets... | non-selective adsorption of organic cations enables conformal surface capping of perovskite grains for stabilized photovoltaic operation |
one of highest priority science objectives for astrobiology is to characterize habitability and detect signatures of life in the solar system. the development of new, compact, and energy-efficient technologies capable of facilitating that objective is necessary for surface exploration of ocean worlds and other planetar... | ultra-violet detector innovation for raman exploration and characterization (uv-direct) of ocean worlds |
asteroids, and more globally small bodies, are keys to unravel the origin and the evolution of our solar system. remnants of the material which formed planets early on, they captured the composition and the conditions of formation of the latter at that time, since they did not undergo too harsh internal alteration duri... | clustering analysis of high spatial resolution spectra of asteroid (162173) ryugu from hayabusa2/nirs3 |
ganymede is the largest icy moon in the solar system. the galileo spacecraft discovered the presence of a magnetic field that is generated in an iron-rich core (kivelson et al., 1996). gravity data from the galileo mission suggest a low value of the reduced moment of inertia (moi) of 0.3115 (anderson et al., 1996), whi... | thermal and chemical evolution of ganymede's primitive core |
semiconductor heterostructures are used in high-efficiency solar cells and in other electronic devices. solar cells can't reach thermodynamic efficiency limits in part due to the charge carrier recombination, and efforts are applied to understand and reduce recombination. we describe a novel experimental approach to id... | buried interface and luminescent coupling analysis with time-resolved two-photon excitation microscopy in ii-vi and iii-v semiconductor heterostructures |
identifying habitable environments on mars is one of the key drivers in the mars exploration program. in order to support life, an environment must have a source of energy. a geochemical process that supports microbial communities in some terrestrial environments is water radiolysis, the decomposition of water molecule... | radiolytic h2 production in different martian environments |
the development of perovskite-based solar cells has recently attracted the attention of many researchers because the efficiency value increases rapidly in a short span of time. third generation solar cells have the potential to achieve shockley-queisser limit of 31% for single energy bandgap solar cells. besides that, ... | effect of annealing hold time on thickness and optical properties of barium titanate solar cell material |
the surrogate-reaction method can improve our understanding of s-process nucleosynthesis. branch-point nuclei are a crucial feature of the s-process that highly impact the elemental abundances. knowing the (n, γ) cross sections of these nuclei allows for powerful constraints to be placed on the stellar conditions of th... | determining the 95zr(n, γ) and 93zr(n, γ) cross sections via 96zr(p, p') and 94zr(p,p')surrogate reactions |
water plays a key role in many astrophysical environments (star-forming regions, outflows, prestellar cores, comets, asteroids, …) as well as for the emergence of life as we know it. its detection in the inner regions of low-mass protostars raises the question whether this is similar to the water that is incorporated i... | water in the warm inner regions of class 0 protostars |
a survey was conducted in ada'a, sululta, and debre birhan districts. the districts are located in the vicinity of brewery factories. a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from purposively selected dairy farmers (160). data were analyzed with a statistical package for social sciences (version 21). th... | dairy farmer's perception on feeding, conservation, and constraints of brewery by-products utilization in selected districts of ethiopia |
the cosmic dust analyzer (cda) instrument onboard the cassini mission found complex macromolecular organic material in ice grains erupting from the plume of enceladus [1]. while [1] suggested that these organics could be primordial material processed in enceladus' core and delivered to the ocean by hydrothermal activit... | abiotic synthesis as a new source of organic matter on enceladus |
the mars science laboratory curiosity rover has been exploring sedimentary rocks at the foothills of mount sharp since august 2014. robust interpretation of the paleoenvironmental contexts requires detailed facies analysis of these rocks including analysis and interpretation of sedimentary structures and sediment body ... | sedimentary structures and stratal geometries at the foothills of mount sharp: their role in paleoenvironmental interpretation |
we present numerical experiments to determine quantitatively the effects of mineral particle clustering on mars spacecraft spectral signatures and to improve upon the values of refractive indices (optical constants n, k) derived from mars dust laboratory analog spectra such as those from relab and mro crism libraries. ... | improving estimated optical constants with mstm and ddscat modeling |
a thousand times smaller in mass than ganymede, enceladus was known from voyager data to be extremely bright and a dearth of craters on some parts of its surface suggested geologic activity. cassini discovered the presence and composition of a plume erupting from the south polar terrain of enceladus, approximately 100 ... | enceladus life finder: search for life in a habitable moon. |
organic matter in asteroids and comets records the chemical history from the protosolar molecular cloud to the early solar system. they are thought to have contributed to the formation of our habitable planet earth, through exogenous delivery. therefore, it is important to reveal the chemical evolution of organic compo... | hayabusa2 initial analyses of organic matter in the asteroid ryugu samples |
since the first but ambiguous evidence of water sublimation activity on ceres was reported more than two decades ago [1] and the negative results in a number of follow up observations [2], water vapor has recently been unambiguously detected by the herschel space observatory observations [3]. the mechanism of water sub... | search for dust around ceres |
the study of photochemistry in the solar system is of prime importance to assess complex organic chemistry in any extraterrestrial environment. among those environments, comets and grains ejected from their nuclei are of particular interest in the context of astrobiology as they could have brought organic matter on the... | photostability of glycine and nitrogen basis in cometary grains : application to the transport of organic matter within the primitive earth |
vegetation plays a leading role in ecosystems. plant communities are the main components of ecosystems. green plants in ecosystems are the primary producers, and they provide the living organic matter for the survival of other organisms. the dynamics of most landscapes are driven by both natural processes and human act... | the vegetation trends and drivers in beijing-tianjing region from 1982 to 2013 based on time series gimms ndvi3g |
nasa is committed to landing humans again on the moon by 2025 to a long-term goal of a sustaining presence. a major component of this mission is nasa's orbiting lunar outpost, gateway, that will be subjected to the harsh environment of space during the planned 15-year lifespan in the cis-lunar environment. one aspect o... | development of a comprehensive physics-based model for study of nasa gateway lunar dust contamination |
a ray of state of existence gives a tree of limit experience that can be traced from literal calculus and, in s-language, propagates heterocycles in not equivalent syntactic replica beyond page curve tautology. stratifying semantic stability in space i prospect irrational unbalance as s-flare precession and a tree of u... | remote sensing of heterocyclic life in solar system and in generalized clusters unfolding |
i present results from three theoretical numerical studies relating to destructive events in the lives of outer solar system satellites and smaller bodies. the first project is a study of the implications that a late heavy bombardment in the outer solar system, such as predicted by the nice model, might have had for th... | destructive gravitational encounters: outcome and implications of catastrophic collisions and tidal splitting in the post-formation outer solar system |
the curiosity rover team has explored several different eolian sand targets in gale crater, including dunes and ripples. using curiosity's mars hand lens imager (mahli), we measured the size of grains on or near ripple crests within dunes, ripple fields, and in isolated ripples. the barby target (sol 1184) is on the cr... | grain size measurements of eolian ripples in gale crater, mars |
through laboratory analyses it is possible to study the physical and chemical processes involving prebiotic molecules, the building blocks of life. today thanks to the advent of new generation of (sub-) millimeter and centimeter interferometers (alma, noema, ngvla), an increasing number of interstellar complex organic ... | laboratory studies on temperature-programmed desorption analyzes of prebiotic molecules in space |
the basic structure of the solar system is set by the presence of low-mass terrestrial planets in its inner part and giant planets in its outer part. this is the result of the formation of a system of multiple mars-mass embryos in the inner disk and of a few multi-earth-mass cores in the outer part, within the lifetime... | origin of the great dichotomy of the solar system: small terrestrial embryos and massive giant planet cores |
enceladus offers a unique opportunity in the solar system in that material derived from its potentially habitable ocean is accessible without the need to dig, drill, or even land. in situ sampling of the enceladus plume will likely be required to determine whether life is present in the subsurface ocean. this can be ac... | searching for biosignatures in the plume of enceladus at hypervelocity: experimental and theoretical validation |
saturn's icy moon enceladus emits into space a plume of gas and ice grains formed from a subsurface salt-water ocean that interacts with a porous rocky core via hydrothermal vents. a similar plume phenomenon is suspected to occur on jupiter's moon europa. such plume material enables the internal exploration of satellit... | exploring enceladus and other ocean worlds using mass spectrometry |
one of the most pressing questions in exploration is whether life exists or existed anywhere else in the solar system. water is a critical prerequisite for life as we-know it; thus, targets in the search for extraterrestrial life are bodies that have or had liquid water, e.g. ceres, enceladus and europa (ocean worlds),... | frost: frozen regolith observation and sampling tool |
perovskite solar cells are sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric conditions, resulting in problems such as the collapse of the perovskite structure and sharp drops in efficiency. internal defects are also a big obstacle for high‑quality polycrystalline perovskites. at present, it is difficult to control the densit... | highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells using an effective chelate‑assisted defect passivation strategy |
amides are a regularly recurring chemical structure in biomolecules, such as peptides, nucleobases, and lipids, and therefore essential to life as we know it. simple amides, such as formamide (nh$ _{2}$cho) and acetamide (ch$ _{3}$conh$ _{2}$), are detected in space, thus making it possible that such molecules are invo... | the interstellar chemistry of amides |
the basal siccar point group unconformity observed at the greenheugh pediment is a major regional break in sedimentation within gale crater. below the unconformity, mudstones and sandstones of the murray formation records a predominantly lacustrine palaeoenvironment that was likely habitable. overlying the unconformity... | reconstructing martian environmental change across a major unconformity at gale crater: sedimentology of the stimson formation at the greenheugh pediment |
inferior morphology of perovskite films and suppressed hole extraction restricts the performance of perovskite solar cells (pscs) with a pedot:pss hole transporting layer (htl). in this work, poly-tpd is used to modify the surface of pedot:pss films in psc. the presence of hydrophobic poly-tpd decreases the nucleation ... | hydrophobic poly-tpd modified pedot pss surface for improved and stable photovoltaic performance of mapbi3 based p-i-n perovskite solar cells |
images acquired by the mars hand lens imager (mahli) and the chemcam remote micro imager (rmi) onboard the mars science laboratory (msl) curiosity rover provide grain-scale data that are critical for interpreting sedimentary deposits. at the location informally known as marias pass, curiosity used both cameras to image... | grain-scale analyses of curiosity data at marias pass, gale crater, mars: methods comparison and depositional interpretation |
the subsurface oceans of icy moons in the outer solar system are potential sites for the search of extraterrestrial life [1]. understanding the chemical properties of the subsurface ocean material emitted into the moons' cryo-volcanic plumes in the form of gas and ice grains is key to finding out whether or not signs o... | on the organic material emitted by enceladus |
hydrated silicates on mars have been studied extensively at the surface, however, many exposures are associated with basins/tectonic features: this hints at a record extending deep into the subsurface. as well, recent work suggests astonishingly low bulk crustal densities of 1,800-2,400 kg/m3 for ancient terrains [1], ... | ancient hydrated silicates in the martian deep: crustal density, water budget, and astrobiology |
as the world energy consumption increases, the necessity for clean energy proves vital and urgent as catastrophic effects of global climate change are imminent. the sun delivers more energy to earth in just over an hour than we have consumed over the course of last year, making solar technology a most promising candida... | defect and grain boundary engineering for enhanced performances and lifetimes of hybrid perovskite solar cells |
the low temperatures and densities in the extended outer layers of asymptotic giant branch (agb) stars foster a rich chemistry, enabling the synthesis of a variety of both simple and complex molecules. however, due to the increasing flux of ultraviolet (uv) photons over the course of the star's late stage evolution, ch... | the unexpected molecular complexity of planetary nebulae as revealed by millimeter-wave observations |
semi-transparent solar cells are the next step for photovoltaics into our daily life. over the last years, kesterite-type material has attracted a special attention to be used as an absorber in thin-film solar cells because of its low toxicity and earth abundant constituents. here, cu2zngese4 (czgse) thin films are gro... | the effect of annealing temperature on cu2zngese4 thin films and solar cells grown on transparent substrates |
since landing, the mars science laboratory curiosity rover climbed 300 meters in elevation from the floor of north gale crater up the lower northwest flank of aeolis mons ("mount sharp"). nearly 200 meters of this ascent was accomplished in the 1.5 years alone, as the rover was driven up-section through the sedimentary... | paleo-environmental setting of the murray formation of aeolis mons, gale crater, mars, as explored by the curiosity rover |
the purpose of this research is to create a high-resolution geologic map of henry crater on mars using interpretations made from hirise and ctx images. henry crater is located within the arabia terra region of mars at 0.9° north and 23.3° east. henry crater is roughly 170 km in diameter and is known for having a large ... | geologic mapping in henry crater, mars |
complex organic molecules (coms) play an essential role in the emergence of life. understanding how, when and where coms (including potentially prebiotic molecules) are formed is one of the most critical questions in the "cradle of life" science theme of astronomy. coms have been detected in prestellar cores, protostar... | possibility of protostellar inheritance of organics to jupiter-family comet 67p/c-g |
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