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the chemical evolution of protoplanetary disk materials begins in the earliest prestellar phase of star formation. under the dark, cold conditions of cores the initial icy mantles of grains are built up. already at this point, grain-surface chemistry starts to set the composition of these icy layers. once collapse is i... | the chemical connection between 67p/c-g and iras 16293-2422 |
jaxa's hayabusa2 mission was launched in december 2014 to explore the pristine c-type asteroid (162173) ryugu, whose bulk material can be considered representative for the volatile rich building blocks that formed the terrestrial planets. c-types are the most common variety of asteroids, and 75% of all known asteroids ... | in-situ investigation of asteroid (162173) ryugu by the hayabusa2 mascot lander |
with the continuous progress of energy storage technology and the substantial reduction of cost, as well as the development of china’s energy internet, customer-side distributed energy storage has been applied more and more widely. considering the customer-side distributed energy storage which takes the grid-connected ... | valuation of energy storage at user side considering total life cycle |
perovskite materials are fascinating candidates for the next-generation solar devices. with long charge carrier lifetime, metal-halide perovskites are known to be good candidates for low-light harvesting. to match the irradiance spectra of indoor light, we configured a triple-cation perovskite material with appropriate... | robust perovskite formation via vacuum thermal annealing for indoor perovskite solar cells |
metal halide perovskite (mhp) materials are now investigated as the active layer of semiconductor devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes (leds). perovskite leds (peleds) with high-quality made by a cost-effective process are needed to achieve a commercialized peled. to reach this goal, modifying and surf... | applying a time-saving and cost-effective postprocessing method to achieve a high-quality perovskite light emitting diode |
the data from the closed source of the cassini ion and neutral mass spectrometer (inms) at enceladus' plumes shows a signal of h2 in significant quantities (15% mole fraction for low speed flybys). h2 would be considered a "smoking gun" for the suspected hydrothermal activity in enceladus' ocean. however the h2 quantit... | evaluating the quantity of native h2 in enceladus' plumes with the cassini-inms closed source data: constraints from modeling of ice grains impact in the instrument |
recent basaltic eruption sites in iceland are considered mars analogues for surface mineralogy, constrained bioavailable chemistry, very low biomass, and (in some cases) water/ice activity. such sites also contain temperature, moisture, and geochemical gradients, both due to geochemical activity and to topology. correl... | astrobiological assay validation across gradients in mars analogue sites: lessons from the feldspar project |
large-grain-size (>1 mm) liquid-phase-crystallized silicon (lpc-si) films with a wide range of carrier doping levels (1016-1018 cm-3 either of the n- or p-type) were prepared by irradiating amorphous silicon with a line-shaped 804 nm laser, and characterized for solar cell applications. the lpc-si films show high el... | impact of carrier doping on electrical properties of laser-induced liquid-phase-crystallized silicon thin films for solar cell application |
isotopic heterogeneities in terrestrial rocks resulting from the decay of short-lived radioactive isotopes provide valuable information regarding processes that occurred in early earth history, as well as possible locations of hidden reservoirs in the modern earth. two such complementary short-lived systems are 182hf-1... | isotopic anomalies in short-lived systems: the plot thickens |
the goal of this thesis is to engineer the interaction between surface plasmons and semiconductor nanocrystals for nanophotonic applications. plasmonic metals support surface plasmon polaritons, hybrid photon and electron waves that propagate along a metal-dielectric interface. unlike photons, surface plasmons can be c... | coupling of surface plasmons and semiconductor nanocrystals for nanophotonics applications |
chemcam on curiosity has used libs to obtain elemental compositions of >6000 target points at distances to 7.4 m from the rover. observations include igneous clasts, sediments, diagenetic features, and other details often not accessible by the rover arm. a major re-calibration was recently completed using >350 st... | major-element compositional diversity observed by chemcam along the msl traverse: the first three years |
the natural history museum is working closely with the european space agency (esa) and the uk space agency to develop a european collection of analogue materials with appropriate physical/mechanical and chemical (mineralogical) properties which can support the development and verification of both spacecraft and scienti... | starting a european space agency sample analogue collection for robotic exploration missions |
nasa's mars 2020 mission is the first step in a potential campaign to bring martian samples back to earth for detailed study. after launch in the summer of 2020, the mars 2020 rover will land in jezero crater on february 18, 2021. this landing site was selected for its compelling evidence for ancient habitability: some... | mars 2020 as the first step in a potential mars sample return campaign |
near-surface freeze-thaw cycling of salty fines on mars could be producing regolith instability that contributes to recurring slope lineae (rsl) formation. this process would require abundant sulfates and chlorides in a fine-grained permafrost-type matrix. such light-toned gypsum- and chloride-bearing sediment zones ar... | martian near-surface s and cl brines in fractured and porous regolith could trigger microscale soil collapse and cause recurring slope lineae |
in this thesis chemical and physical processes in the ice mantles on interstellar dust grains are studied. with the atacama large millimetre/submillimetre array molecules of interest to the formation of bigger, life-bearing molecules are detected for the first time around the sun-like low-mass protostar iras 16293-2422... | the astrochemical factory: a solid base for interstellar reactions |
in the early solar system, internal heating by short-lived radiogenic nuclides led to significant melting of rocky planetesimals. this altered their physical and chemical interior structure on a time scale comparable to disk-stage accretion processes. two hypotheses for the evolution of heated planetesimal interiors ar... | magma ascent in planetesimals controlled by grain size |
the thermophysical properties of planetary surfaces have the potential to help illuminate key characteristics that cannot be addressed otherwise. specifically, by detailed analysis of the thermal inertia (ti) both from orbit and landed assets a robust understanding of the particle sizes, degree of induration, and surfa... | the thermophysical variability of the vera rubin ridge as explored by the mars science laboratory |
complex organic molecules, some of which became the building blocks of life, could have been synthesized in the interstellar molecular cloud stage at very low temperatures (10 k), preserved in the ice grains, and transported through the protoplanetary stage in cometary precursors. some tracer molecules of such preserva... | evolution of organic molecules in pre-solar ice |
ephemeral coronal holes are short-lived, low-density regions of the solar corona observed as dark features at euv wavelengths, and are associated with open magnetic field lines due to a single dominant polarity. these structures are distinct from longer-lived equatorial and polar coronal hole regions, and remain relati... | characteristics of ephemeral coronal holes |
on mars day 1800 of the mars science laboratory mission - in september 2017 - the curiosity rover reached vera rubin ridge (vrr) in gale crater, mars. vrr is a prominent, but discontinuous, topographic shoulder that fringes the central mound, aeolis mons (mt. sharp) in gale crater. in-situ rover observations indicate t... | geochemical evidence from the chemcam instrument highlighting the role of diagenesis at vera rubin ridge in gale crater, mars |
we investigate the nonradiative electron and hole recombination facilitated by native point and extended grain boundary defects in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (mapbi3) using an ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (namd) approach in conjunction with density functional theory. the recombination rates are ... | defect-assisted hole and electron recombination in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite |
teller et al. (1997) suggested deploying fine-grained aluminum oxide (al2o3, or corundum) as an atmospheric aerosol for solar radiation management (srm) to offset the anthropogenic contribution to climate change. unfortunately, corundum is an abrasive (mohs hardness = 9) that portends ill health to air-breathing life. ... | particulate sodium chloride - an outstanding candidate for solar radiation management |
serpentinization encompasses a series of disequilibrium reactions that occur when ultramafic rocks composed of olivine and pyroxene are exposed to circulating aqueous fluids at temperatures lower than 400ºc. the production of hydrogen that follows serpentinization is central to the current origin of life hypothesis, as... | the effect of mgso4 on serpentinization rates: implications for the icy moons of jupiter and saturn |
we investigate the use of different rheological models to describe the viscoelastic behavior in planetary mantles using geophysical observations. rheology is strongly dependent on temperature and, as a consequence, imposes strong constraints on the interior structure of planets. in principle, shear modulus reduction an... | investigating rheological models in the context of geophysical inversion for planetary structure |
the msl rover curiosity crossed the contact between aeolis palus and lower mt. sharp on sol 700 and found the basaltic, mugearitic, and potassic sedimentary rocks of aeolis palus transition sharply into the silica-enriched (45-75 wt%) murray fm. however, curiosity has discovered alkalic float rocks reminiscent of aeoli... | alkalic float on lower mt. sharp units in gale crater, mars: results from curiosity's alpha particle x-ray spectrometer |
solar energy harvesting through photovoltaic conversion has gained great attention as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to meet the rapidly increasing global energy demand. currently, the high cost of solar-cell technology limits its widespread use. this situation has generated considerable interest i... | interface engineering and morphology study of thin film organic-inorganic halide perovskite optoelectronic devices |
in earth's deep subsurface the presence of life and the ecological and evolutionary aspects of life, are dictated by a host of physical and chemical constraints. these factors include temperature, pressure, redox and other chemical potential gradients, overlying productivity, hydrologic recharge, water availability, se... | expanding life's boundaries: a grand challenge of estimating where and how life survives in earth and other planets |
energy applications are essential for the development of technologies capable of confronting the challenges inherent to a growing global population. among the different renewable energies, the solar resource has advanced as the most promising due to its omnipresence in earth life. this work investigates the synthesis a... | nanomaterials for energy applications: from photovoltaics to plasmonic catalysis |
we used local correlation tracking to estimate horizontal velocities in an image sequence of convection at the solar photosphere, at high spatial and temporal resolution (0.034'' pixels and 10-second cadence, respectively) observed in tio (705.7 nm) with the goode solar telescope. a key goal of our study was to estimat... | rapid evolution of small-scale flows in solar granulation |
since its landing at gale crater five years ago, the curiosity rover has provided us with unparalleled data to study active surface processes on mars. repeat imaging campaigns (i.e. "change-detection campaigns") conducted with the rover's cameras have allowed us to study martian atmosphere-surface interactions and char... | the bagnold dunes in southern summer: active sediment transport on mars observed by the curiosity rover |
we study the transport of small-scale magnetic elements on the solar photosphere using both observations and simulations. observational data was obtained from hinode - solar optical telescope (sot/sp) instrument and simulations from muram code. the magnetic flux elements were tracked in both data sets and statistics we... | turbulent transport of small-scale magnetic flux elements on solar photosphere |
the >230 m thick murray formation is the lower-most unit of the mount sharp group, and interpreted as primarily lacustrine. representative mudstone, siltstone and fine sandstone targets, encountered above -4330 m elevation, trend to lower si, al, ti, cr and ca, and higher fe, mn, zn, p and mg than the murray below. ... | recent compositional trends within the murray formation, gale crater, mars, as seen by apxs: implications for sedimentary, diagenetic and alteration history. |
enceladus is a medium sized icy satellite (mis) of saturn. mis are built of mixtures of rocks and ices. according to [1]: "for life to have emerged […] on the early earth, a sustained source of chemically transducible energy was essential. the serpentinization process is emerging as an increasingly likely source of tha... | the possibility of life proliferation from enceladus |
extraterrestrial studies are typically conducted on mg samples from cm-scale features, while landing sites are selected based on m to km-scale features. it is therefore critical to understand spatial distribution of organic molecules over scales from cm to the km, particularly in geological features that appear homogen... | field exploration and life detection sampling for planetary analogue research (feldspar) |
the mastcam m-34 imaging system on the curiosity rover has acquired multispectral images (445, 527, 751, 1012 nm) at multiple times of day at several locations along the traverse, sampling a variety of terrain types [1-4]. the light scattering properties of rocks and soils can be examined quantitatively using radiative... | modeling of mastcam visible/near-infrared spectrophotometric observations at yellowknife bay |
many lakes may have existed in gale crater, mars. five years of investigations by the curiosity rover has revealed clear sedimentological evidence for the presence of at least two in the rover's landing ellipse. they are here named the first lake and the last lake. the first lake formed soon after the formation of the ... | between two lakes: opportunities for the inception of life in gale crater, mars |
cadmium telluride (cdte) has the highest theoretical limit to conversion efficiency of single-junction photovoltaic (pv) technologies today. however, despite a maximum theoretical open-circuit voltage of 1.20 v, record devices have historically had voltages pinned around only 900 mv. voltage losses due to high recombin... | processing and characterization of thin cadmium telluride solar cells |
paleo-lake deposits indicate that mars once sustained liquid water, supporting the idea of an early "wet and warm" mars. however, liquid water can be sustained under ice in cold conditions as demonstrated by perennially ice-covered lakes (picls) in antarctica. if martian lakes were ice-covered, the global climate on ea... | were lakes on early mars perennially were ice-covered? |
panspermia theories require the transport of micro-organisms in a viable form from one astronomical location to another. the evidence of material ejection from planetary surfaces, of dynamical orbit evolution and of potential survival on landing is setting a firm basis for interplanetary panspermia. pathways for inters... | interstellar transfer of planetary microbiota |
short-lived radioisotopes (slrs) were present in the early solar system, providing evidence that the solar system was impacted by a supernova prior to or during its formation. however, hydrodynamical models of the injection of slrs fail to achieve sufficient mixing, presenting a challenge to this hypothesis. we propose... | tracing dust grains from supernovae to the solar nebulae |
during its >13 km traverse so far, the mars rover curiosity encountered several dark, fine-grained float rocks. the first example investigated with the apxs, et_then (sol 91), was found near the landing site. it has an enigmatic composition with very high 27% feo, elevated na and k, and low mg. a boulder with nearly... | possible diagenetic connection between the dark fe-rich rocks at gale crater, mars, and the felsic jakem class rocks |
enceladus is a tiny moon circling saturn. through cassini's discoveries we now know that it has a global, geologically long-lived salt-water ocean inside, in contact with the silicate core, at which interface there is moderate-temperature hydrothermal activity perhaps akin to the lost city vent structure on earth's sea... | the habitability of enceladus from cassini and enceladus life finder as the next step |
it was claimed that at least certain stages of the process by which life originated occurred in space, hence there is a strong interest in the range of organics in ice-rich structures in interstellar dense molecular clouds (mc) that may have contributed the precursors of life. the combination of the astronomical data r... | was the universe always a convenient place for the origin of life? |
introduction: enceladus is a medium-sized icy satellite (mis) of saturn. mis are built of mixtures of rocks and ices. enceladus with its radius of 250 km is one of the smallest of mis, however, it is geologically active. according to [1]: "for life to have emerged […] on the early earth, a sustained source of chemicall... | the possibility of life proliferation from enceladus |
the possibility that crystalline formaldehyde polymers are present in cometary dust is discussed. in common with most other parent molecules proposed for comets, (h2co)n is difficult to detect, even if it is present in relatively high concentrations. the optical properties of these polymers in the visual and infrared r... | formaldehyde polymers in comets |
the flood, one of the major natural hazards, resulted in serious damages and losses of human life and economy frequently all over the world. as we see, human activity intensify the risk of flood hazards by changing global water cycle. however, the instrumental data only limited to the last 150 years, are too short to i... | mid-late holocene paleoflood reconstruction at tianchi lake, liupan mountains and its possible relation with asian summer monsoon |
organic-metal halide perovskites have brought about a new wave of research in the photovoltaic community due to their ideally suited optical and electronic parameters. in less than a decade, perovskite solar cell performance has skyrocketed to unprecedented efficiencies with numerous reported methodologies. perovskites... | a study on organic-metal halide perovskite film morphology, interfacial layers, tandem applications, and encapsulation |
jupiter's moon europa is embedded deep within the jovian magnetosphere and is thus exposed to bombardment by charged particles, from thermal plasma to more energetic particles at radiation belt energies. examples of radiation-induced surface alteration include sputtering, radiolysis and grain sintering; processes that ... | radiation bombardment at europa by magnetospheric particles and cosmic rays |
multicrystalline (mc) solar cells made from n-type silicon feedstock have shown record efficiencies of 22.3% in a tunnel-oxide passivating contact (topcon) cell structure. still, material-related carrier recombination limits the attainable efficiency. herein, the findings of metallic impurity and structural defect conc... | limiting defects in n-type multicrystalline silicon solar cells |
one of the leading hypotheses for the emergence of life suggests that the building blocks of life were delivered to earth at an early phase by comets and asteroids. protoplanetary disks around young stars offer a unique window into the physical and chemical processes that may have occurred in the early solar system. al... | theoretical investigations on the formation of organic molecules in protoplanetary disks |
curiosity has completed a detailed chemo-stratigraphy analysis at the pahrump exposure of the murray formation. in total >570 chemical measurements and supporting remote micro images to classify texturally were collected. chemical trends with both stratigraphic position and with texture were evaluated. from these da... | chemo-stratigraphy in the murray formation using chemcam |
multiphoton tomography based on tunable femtosecond near infrared 80 mhz laser radiation has been used to map twophoton- excited time-resolved photoluminescence with picosecond temporal resolution from in-bulk thin photovoltaic layers. the time-resolved photoluminescence reflects carrier lifetimes and is therefore an i... | subsurface photoluminescence lifetime imaging of photovoltaic materials using multiphoton tomography |
the mathematician john von neumann, through his work on universal constructors, discovereda generalized version of the central dogma of molecular biology biology in the 1940s, long before the biological version had been discovered. while his discovery played no role in the development of molecular biology, we may benef... | the first step from molecules to life: formation of large random molecules acting as micro-environments |
the x-ray regime is a largely underused resource for constraining interstellar dust grain models and improving our understanding of the physical processes that dictate how grains evolve over their lifetimes. this is mostly due to current detectors' relatively low sensitivity and high background, limiting the targets to... | astro2020 science white paper: probing the structure of interstellar dust from micron to kpc scales with x-ray imaging |
atmospheric dust plays an important role on the terrestrial climate, regulating the amount of solar radiation coming to the surface, affecting the development and the life time of the clouds and providing fundamental nutrients to the growth of the terrestrial and oceanic biomes. on mars, the global effect of dust is ev... | characterisation of dust events on earth and mars: the exomars/dreams experiment and the field campaigns in the sahara desert |
hybrid perovskite thin films have demonstrated impressive performance for solar energy conversion and optoelectronic applications. however, further progress will benefit from a better knowledge of the intrinsic photophysics of materials. here, the low temperature emission properties of ch3nh3pbi3 single crystals are in... | excitonic emission in organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskite single crystals |
the red rectangle is a nebula surrounding the post-agb star hd 44179. it is the prototype of a particular class of nebulae associated with post-agb binaries characterised by the presence of stable circumbinary disks in (quasi-)keplerian rotation. here we present the results of new high-resolution (20-50 mas) alma obser... | the red rectangle: a thin disk with big grains |
cdte is the most commercially successful thin-film photovoltaic technology to date. the recent development of se-alloyed cdse$_{x}$te$_{1-x}$ layers in cdte solar cells has led to higher device efficiencies, due to a lowered bandgap improving the photocurrent, improved voltage characteristics and longer carrier lifetim... | spatially resolved photoluminescence analysis of se passivation and defect formation in cdse$_{x}$te$_{1-x}$ thin films |
typical galaxies emit about one third of their energy in the infrared. the origin of this emission reprocessed starlight absorbed by interstellar dust grains and reradiated as thermal emission in the infrared. in particularly dusty galaxies, such as starburst galaxies, the fraction of energy emitted in the infrared can... | the interstellar dust reservoir: spica's view on dust production and the interstellar medium in galaxies |
the brightness of the ice grain plume of enceladus is observed to vary on a diurnal timescale [1,2], consistent with predictions that the plume's mass is modulated by normal tidal stresses, which open and close cracks that reach the ocean [3]. here we extend our previous analysis [2] to a larger set of iss plume observ... | the tidally-modulated plume of enceladus: an update |
ca ii k grains, i.e., intermittent, short-lived (about 1 minute), periodic (2-4 minutes), pointlike chromospheric brightenings, are considered to be the manifestations of acoustic waves propagating upward from the solar surface and developing into shocks in the chromosphere. after the simulations of carlsson and stein,... | on the magnetic nature of quiet-sun chromospheric grains |
one of the great discoveries at enceladus was finding salt in plume ice grains. postberg et al. (2009) inferred that these grains have a sodium chloride concentration of 0.05-0.2 mol/kg h2o. a key cosmochemical question is why this concentration for enceladus' ocean rather than a higher concentration like that in earth... | a new model for the origin of chlorine on enceladus |
solar spicules, which can be observed when imaging the sun using the ca ii h (396.9 nm) line, mg ii k(279.6 nm) line or the h alpha (656.28 nm) spectral line filters, are thin cylindrical structures comprising of cold and dense plasma from the chromosphere making incursions -all the time- into the much hotter solar cor... | modeling the solar spicule forest and the coronal swirls |
when stars like our sun reach the end of their lives, they become giants and eject a lot of their initial mass through a slow, dense outflow. these winds are driven by microscopic solid particles (dust grains) that condense in the cool stellar atmospheres. dust is the product of a large number of chemical reactions tha... | the molecular-rich outflow of giant stars |
contexttitan, the largest moon of saturn, is the place in the solar system owning the most earth-like landscapes. titan's dense atmosphere and cold temperatures enable a complex methane hydrological cycle that have shaped the surface, very similarly to the water cycle on earth. titan has another peculiar feature: a wea... | detection of sand grains blown by titan surface winds with the dragmet/efield sensor on dragonfly |
the surface of enceladus could provide one of the best places in our solar system to investigate the potential for life. material from plumes seen emanating from enceladus' south polar region[1], which are believed to be sourced directly from the subsurface ocean, is deposited onto the satellite's icy surface[2]. rapid... | development of enceladus ice analogues for in situ analysis |
sunspot light bridges (lbs) exhibit a wide range of short-lived phenomena in the chromosphere and transition region. in contrast, we use here data from the multi-application solar telescope (mast), the interface region imaging spectrograph (iris), hinode, the atmospheric imaging assembly (aia), and the helioseismic and... | sustained heating of the chromosphere and transition region over a sunspot light bridge |
we propose a pilot study of near-infrared reflectance spectra from dust in the kuiper belt regions of 4 nearby debris disks, 49 cet, hd 32297, beta pic, and hd 181327, using the nirspec ifu. these disks are spatially extended, each subtending several arcsec in scattered light, with already measured near-infrared surfac... | icy kuiper belts in exoplanetary systems |
the ability to reduce energy loss at semiconductor surfaces through passivation or surface field engineering has become an essential step in the manufacturing of efficient photovoltaic (pv) and optoelectronic devices. similarly, surface modification of emerging halide perovskites with quasi-2d heterostructures is now u... | reduced recombination via tunable surface fields in perovskite solar cells |
organic molecules have been detected in the interstellar medium for decades, <alternatives>∼\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{doc... | interstellar complex organic molecules in solar-type star-forming regions: from observations to laboratory, theoretical computations and models |
the saturnian moon enceladus presents a remarkable opportunity in our solar system for searching for evidence of life, given its habitable ocean and plume that deposits organic-bearing ocean material onto the surface. organic ocean material could be sampled by a lander mission at enceladus. it is of interest to underst... | low effective ultraviolet exposure ages for organics at the surface of enceladus |
the search for extraterrestrial life, especially within our solar system, is one of the biggest endeavors of mankind. the icy moons of saturn and jupiter, enceladus and europa, are particularly promising for hosting life, as they have shown evidence for the three important criteria: water, energy, and organic chemicals... | detection of intact amino acids with a hypervelocity ice grain impact mass spectrometer |
water is crucial for the emergence and evolution of life on earth. recent studies of the water content in early forming planetary systems similar to our own show that water is an abundant and ubiquitous molecule, initially synthesized on the surfaces of tiny interstellar dust grains by the hydrogenation of frozen oxyge... | we drink good 4.5-billion-year-old water |
cassini's cosmic dust analyzer (cda) generates time-of-flight mass spectra of individual grains impinging on the instruments target-plate. following the analysis of salt rich ice grains emitted by enceladus that indicated a salt-water ocean in contact with the moon's rocky core [1,2] a recent cda analysis of nano-phase... | refractory organic compounds in enceladus' ice grains and hydrothermal activity |
introduction the reliable identification and quantification of biosignatures on extraterrestrial ocean worlds is key to the search for life in our solar system. saturn's moon enceladus, and potentially jupiter's moon europa, emit plumes of gas and ice grains formed from subsurface water into space (spahn et al. 2006, r... | experiments for the identification of bacterial cell material in single ice grains emitted by enceladus and europa |
solvent engineering is an important route for improving the quality of solution-processed copper-zinc-tin-sulfur-selenium (cztsse) thin films. here, blended solvents composed of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and dimethyl formamide (dmf) were used to prepare cztsse precursor solution. the addition of dmf improved the wettab... | improved cztsse thin-film morphology and device performance by using dmso/dmf blended solvent |
the shape of an asteroid phase curve is influenced by the physical properties of the surface of the asteroid such as, grain size distribution, surface roughness, porosity, and composition. while phase curves are most often constructed using visible photometric data, infrared phase curves can also provide useful insight... | three micron phase curves of main belt asteroids from neowise photometry |
in this paper, we present a method of embedding physics data manifolds with metric structure into lower dimensional spaces with simpler metrics, such as euclidean and hyperbolic spaces. we then demonstrate that it can be a powerful step in the data analysis pipeline for many applications. using progressively more reali... | neural embedding: learning the embedding of the manifold of physics data |
we develop a formalism to describe extensions of existing axion haloscope designs to those that possess directional sensitivity to incoming dark matter axion velocities. the effects are measurable if experiments are designed to have dimensions that approach the typical coherence length for the local axion field. with d... | directional axion detection |
currently there is a growing interest in studying the coherent interaction between magnetic systems and electromagnetic radiation in a cavity, prompted partly by possible applications in hybrid quantum systems. we propose a multimode cavity optomagnonic system based on antiferromagnetic insulators, where optical photon... | antiferromagnetic cavity optomagnonics |
a statistical analysis of the observed perturbations in the density of stellar streams can in principle set stringent constraints on the mass function of dark matter subhaloes, which in turn can be used to constrain the mass of the dark matter particle. however, the likelihood of a stellar density with respect to the s... | towards constraining warm dark matter with stellar streams through neural simulation-based inference |
the axion field, the angular direction of the complex scalar field associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the peccei–quinn (pq) symmetry, could have originated with initial non-zero velocity. the presence of a non-zero angular velocity resulting from additional terms in the potential that explicitly break... | qcd axion kinetic misalignment without prejudice |
in some axion dark matter models a dominant fraction of axions resides in dense small-scale substructures, axion miniclusters. a fraction of these substructures is disrupted and forms tidal streams where the axion density may still be an order of magnitude larger than the average. we discuss implications of these strea... | tidal streams from axion miniclusters and direct axion searches |
we study how the indirect observation of dark matter substructures in the milky way, using recent stellar stream studies, translates into constraints for different dark matter models. particularly, we use the measured number of dark subhalos in the mass range 107-109 m⊙ to constrain modifications of the subhalo mass fu... | implications of milky way substructures for the nature of dark matter |
a higgsino in supersymmetric standard models can play the role of a dark matter particle. in conjunction with the naturalness criterion, the higgsino mass parameter is expected to be around the electroweak scale. in this work, we explore the potential of probing the nearly degenerate light higgsinos with machine learni... | deep learning jet images as a probe of light higgsino dark matter at the lhc |
in recent years, realistic hydrodynamical simulations of galaxies like the milky way have become available, enabling a reliable estimate of the dark matter density and velocity distribution in the solar neighborhood. we review here the status of hydrodynamical simulations and their implications for the interpretation o... | implications of hydrodynamical simulations for the interpretation of direct dark matter searches |
we introduce a machine learning method for estimating the sensitivity of strong lens observations to dark matter subhaloes in the lens. our training data include elliptical power-law lenses, hubble deep field sources, external shear, and noise and psf for the euclid vis instrument. we set the concentration of the subha... | sensitivity of strong lensing observations to dark matter substructure: a case study with euclid |
fuzzy dark matter (fdm) has recently emerged as an interesting alternative model to the standard cold dark matter (cdm). in this model, dark matter consists of very light bosonic particles with quantum mechanical effects on galactic scales. using the n-body code ax-gadget, we perform cosmological simulations of fdm tha... | no catch-22 for fuzzy dark matter: testing substructure counts and core sizes via high-resolution cosmological simulations |
in the context of structure formation with ultralight axion dark matter, we offer an alternative explanation for the mass relation of solitonic cores and their host halos observed in numerical simulations. our argument is based entirely on the mass gain that occurs during major mergers of binary cores and largely indep... | core-halo mass relation of ultralight axion dark matter from merger history |
we use the state-of-the-art semi-analytic galaxy formation model, shark to investigate the physical processes involved in dictating the shape, scatter, and evolution of the hi-halo mass (hihm) relation at 0 ≤ z ≤ 2. we compare shark with hi clustering and spectral stacking of the hihm relation derived from observations... | the physical drivers of the atomic hydrogen-halo mass relation |
we employ an improved methodology to insert live stellar discs into high-resolution dark matter simulations of milky way-sized haloes, allowing us to investigate the fate of thin stellar discs in the tumultuous environment of cold dark matter structures. we study a set of eight different haloes, drawn from the aquarius... | the stability of stellar discs in milky way-sized dark matter haloes |
we present the first comprehensive analysis of the segregation of dark matter subhaloes in their host haloes. using three different numerical simulations, and two different segregation strength indicators, we examine the segregation of 12 different subhalo properties with respect to both orbital energy and halocentric ... | on the segregation of dark matter substructure |
we examine the latest data on the cluster macsj0717.5+3745 from the hubble frontier fields campaign. the critically lensed area is the largest known of any lens and very irregular making it a challenge for parametric modelling. using our free-form method we obtain an accurate solution, identify here many new sets of mu... | hubble frontier field free-form mass mapping of the massive multiple-merging cluster macsj0717.5+3745 |
we present initial results from the “ponos” zoom-in numerical simulations of dark matter substructures in massive ellipticals. two very highly resolved dark matter halos with m vir = 1.2 × 1013 {m}⊙and m vir = 6.5 × 1012 {m}⊙and different (“violent” versus “quiescent”) assembly histories have been simulated down to z =... | cold dark matter substructures in early-type galaxy halos |
we propose a novel method utilizing stellar kinematic data to detect low-mass substructure in the milky way's dark matter halo. by probing characteristic wakes that a passing dark matter subhalo leaves in the phase-space distribution of ambient halo stars, we estimate sensitivities down to subhalo masses of ∼107 m⊙ or ... | stellar wakes from dark matter subhalos |
we use a catalogue of stellar binaries with wide separations (up to 1 pc) identified by the gaia satellite to constrain the presence of extended substructure within the milky way galaxy. heating of the binaries through repeated encounters with substructure results in a characteristic distribution of binary separations,... | constraining dark matter substructure with gaia wide binaries |
aims: we propose a new mass mapping algorithm, specifically designed to recover small-scale information from a combination of gravitational shear and flexion. including flexion allows us to supplement the shear on small scales in order to increase the sensitivity to substructures and the overall resolution of the conve... | high resolution weak lensing mass mapping combining shear and flexion |
in the standard structure formation scenario based on the cold dark matter paradigm, galactic halos are predicted to contain a large population of dark matter subhalos. while the most massive members of the subhalo population can appear as luminous satellites and be detected in optical surveys, establishing the existen... | dark census: statistically detecting the satellite populations of distant galaxies |
we study the highly magnified arc sgas j122651.3+215220 caused by a star-forming galaxy at zs = 2.93 crossing the lensing caustic cast by the galaxy cluster sdss j1226+2152 (zl = 0.43), using hubble space telescope observations. we report in the arc several asymmetric surface brightness features whose angular separatio... | asymmetric surface brightness structure of caustic crossing arc in sdss j1226+2152: a case for dark matter substructure |
we investigate the primordial curvature perturbation by the observation of the dark matter substructure. assuming a bump in the spectrum of the curvature perturbation in the wave number of k >1 mpc-1, we track the evolution of the host halo and subhalos in a semianalytic way. taking into account possible uncertainti... | constraining the primordial curvature perturbation using dark matter substructure |
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