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surface modification of perovskite film plays an important role on the suppression of surface defects for the fabrication of high‑efficiency perovskite solar cells. here, 1h‑pyrazole‑1‑carboxamidine hydrochloride (pah) as a multifunctional heterocyclic ring‑based organic ionic salt to modify the surface of fapbi3 film ... | interfacial modification by low‑temperature anchoring surface uncoordinated pb for efficient fapbi3 perovskite solar cells |
nakhlite meteorites are igneous rocks from mars that were aqueously altered ~630 million years ago. hydrothermal systems on earth are known to provide microhabitats; knowledge of the extent and duration of these systems is crucial to establish whether they could sustain life elsewhere in the solar system. here, we expl... | the scale of a martian hydrothermal system explored using combined neutron and x-ray tomography |
cometary ices are rich sources of organic molecules relevant to prebiotic chemistry and may have played a key role in the delivery of the building blocks of life to earth. comets endure thermal processing of their surfaces during their orbits around the sun. furthermore, icy grain precursors of cometary materials may h... | thermal reaction in cometary and pre-cometary ices: formation of thiocarbamate in ocs-ch3nh2 mixed ices |
natural graphite forms in a range of metamorphic and hydrothermal environments across timelines spanning from the birth of the solar system, to the evolution of early precambrian life, and the development of contemporary geotectonic cycles. a precise timeline of these and other graphite-forming events, however, has hit... | re-os systematics and chronology of graphite |
there is ongoing interest in developing a stable, low-cost, 1.6-1.8 ev top-cell material that can be used for two-junction (tandem) solar cells, particularly in combination with a silicon bottom cell. in this work, polycrystalline gainp is grown and characterized to explore its properties and use for this purpose. the ... | investigation of polycrystalline gaxin1 - xp for potential use as a solar cell absorber with tunable bandgap |
the open‑circuit voltage (voc) is the main limitation to higher efficiencies of cu(in,ga)se2 solar cells. one of the most critical parameters directly affecting voc is the charge carrier lifetime. therefore, it is essential to evaluate the extent to which inhomogeneities in material properties limit the carrier lifetim... | charge carrier lifetime fluctuations and performance evaluation of cu(in,ga)se2 absorbers via time‑resolved‑photoluminescence microscopy |
formamidinium lead triiodide (fapbi3) is considered as an alternative to methylammonium lead triiodide (mapbi3) because of its lower band gap and better thermal stability. however, owing to the large size of fa cations, it is difficult to synthesize high‑quality fapbi3 thin films without the formation of an undesirable... | improving the performance of formamidinium and cesium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells using lead thiocyanate additives |
surface modification of cs0.1(ch3nh3)0.9pbi3 is investigated by antisolvent-assisted crystallization (asac). the perovskite solar cells (pscs) of fto/sno2/cs0.1(ch3nh3)0.9pbi3/spiro-ometad/ag are also fabricated. it is found that isopropanol-treated devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency (pce) of 16.3%, which is... | surface modification of cs 0.1 (ch 3 nh 3 ) 0.9 pbi 3 by isopropanol as green antisolvent for efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cells |
double perovskite sr2nimoo6 nanoparticles were synthesized via the chemical sol-gel route. the phase formation was investigated through x-ray polycrystalline diffraction (xrd) and rietveld refinements. the perovskite crystallized in worm-like nano-grains with the diameter of 20-50 nm. the optical properties were measur... | synthesis, surface structure and optical properties of double perovskite sr2nimoo6 nanoparticles |
bismuth‑based ternary halides have recently gained a lot of attention as lead‑free perovskite materials. however, photovoltaic performances of these devices remain poor, mostly due to their low‑dimensional crystal structure and large bandgap. here, a dynamic hot casting technique to fabricate silver bismuth iodide‑base... | superior performance of silver bismuth iodide photovoltaics fabricated via dynamic hot‑casting method under ambient conditions |
we have developed a procedure for tracking sunspots observed by the helioseismic and magnetic imager on the solar dynamics observatory and for making curvature-corrected space/time maps of the associated line-of-sight magnetic field and continuum intensity. we apply this procedure to 36 sunspots, each observed continuo... | tracking the magnetic flux in and around sunspots |
comet c/2002 s2, a member of the kreutz family of sungrazing comets, was discovered in white-light images of the large angle and spectromeric coronagraph experiment coronagraph on the solar and heliospheric observatory (soho) on 2002 september 18 and observed in h i lyα emission by the soho ultraviolet coronagraph spec... | probing the solar wind acceleration region with the sun-grazing comet c/2002 s2 |
iapetus possesses two spectacular characteristics: (i) a high equatorial ridge which is unique in the solar system and (ii) a large flattening (a - c = 34 km) inconsistent with its current spin rate. these two main characteristics have probably been acquired in iapetus' early past as a consequence of coupled interior-r... | despinning and shape evolution of saturn's moon iapetus triggered by a giant impact |
to clarify the mechanism of efficiency enhancement effect by potassium (k) treatment for cu(in1- x ga x )(se1- y s y )2 (cigsse) solar cells, we investigated the physical properties of deep and shallow defect levels of cigsse solar cells without or with potassium fluoride treatment via using steady state photo-capacita... | influence of potassium treatment on electronic properties of cu(in1- x ga x )(se1- y s y )2 solar cells studied by steady state photo-capacitance and admittance spectroscopy |
the distribution of minority carrier transport parameters (i.e., minority carrier lifetime, diffusion coefficient, and two surfaces recombination velocities) of multicrystalline silicon (mc-si) solar cell was investigated using laser-induced photocarrier radiometry (pcr). images of the amplitude and phase of the pcr me... | carrier transport parameter imaging in a multicrystalline silicon solar cell by laser-induced photocarrier radiometry |
solar cells/photovoltaic, a renewable energy source, is appraised to be the most effective alternative to the conventional electrical energy generator. a cost-effective alternative of crystalline wafer-based solar cell is thin-film polycrystalline-based solar cell. this paper reports the numerical analysis of dependenc... | effect of grain boundaries on the performance of thin-film-based polycrystalline silicon solar cells: a numerical modeling |
plants play an important role in human life because they are the only organisms that can convert light energy from the sun into food. products produced from plants such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, essential oils and many others are rich in carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and fibre that are necessary for health main... | the role of food crops within the poaceae and fabaceae families as nutritional plants |
cu(in,ga)se2 solar cells have markedly increased their efficiency over the last decades currently reaching a record power conversion efficiency of 23.3%. key aspects to this efficiency progress are the engineered bandgap gradient profile across the absorber depth, along with controlled incorporation of alkali atoms via... | insights from transient absorption spectroscopy into electron dynamics along the ga‑gradient in cu(in,ga)se2 solar cells |
all‑inorganic perovskite solar cells (pvscs) have drawn widespread attention for its superior thermal stability. carbon‑based devices are promising to demonstrate excellent long‑term operational stability due to the hydrophobicity of carbon materials and the abandon of organic hole‑transporting materials (htms). howeve... | low‑temperature processed carbon electrode‑based inorganic perovskite solar cells with enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability |
increasing performance demand associated with the short lifetime of consumer electronics has triggered fast growth in electronic waste, leading to serious ecological challenges worldwide. herein, a robust strategy for judiciously constructing flexible perovskite solar cells (pscs) that can be conveniently biodegraded i... | large‑grained perovskite films enabled by one‑step meniscus‑assisted solution printing of cross‑aligned conductive nanowires for biodegradable flexible solar cells |
post deposition underwater treatment with a nanosecond nd3+:yag laser is proposed and demonstrated for the passivation of electrical defects in 400-1000 nm-thick a-si thin films needed for solar cells. the proposed pulsed laser beam-overlap technique also allows simultaneous annealing and texturing. atomic hydrogen, ox... | enhanced electrical characteristics of a-si thin films by hydrogen passivation with nd3+:yag laser treatment in underwater for photovoltaic applications |
here, we introduced acetamidine (c2h3n2h3, aa)-based salt as an additive in the fabrication of perovskite (ch3nh3pbi3) layer for perovskite solar cells. it was found that as an amidine-based salt, this additive successfully enhanced the crystallinity of ch3nh3pbi3 and helped to form smooth and uniform films with compar... | the investigation of an amidine-based additive in the perovskite films and solar cells |
drying is one way of post-harvest handling to extend the shelf life, especially for agricultural crops. in general, post-harvest drying is only done naturally by using heat from solar energy or commonly called conventional drying. in this study, the grain was dried using a fluidized bed dryer. however, the fluidized be... | the effect of grain mass variations on drying time by adding a pipe heat exchanger to a fluidized bed dryer |
grain boundaries in multi-crystalline silicon are crucial to the minority carrier lifetime, and thus, solar cell efficiency. therefore, further understanding on the grain boundary development during crystal growth is needed. this in situ observation study is focused on the solidification interface behavior and the grai... | in situ observation of the solidification interface and grain boundary development of two silicon seeds with simultaneous measurement of temperature profile and undercooling |
unlike pb‑based perovskites, it is still a challenge for realizing the targets of high performance and stability in mixed pb–sn perovskite solar cells owing to grain boundary traps and chemical changes in the perovskites. in this work, proposed is the approach of in‑situ tin(ii) inorganic complex antisolvent process fo... | in situ tin(ii) complex antisolvent process featuring simultaneous quasi‑core–shell structure and heterojunction for improving efficiency and stability of low‑bandgap perovskite solar cells |
energy is a major requirement in everyday life. the harvesting energy, as well as the storing energy, are crucial to being developed. many individual types of research of dssc or other solar cells systems, as well as the energy storage systems, have greatly improved. many disadvantages are arising for a separated devic... | effect of (sno2:tio2) nanoparticles on charging performance of integrated dye-sensitized solar cell-supercapacitor |
a composite nucleant with si powder as the main component was introduced to prepare high-performance multicrystalline (hpm) silicon ingot in this work. the effect of different sizes of si powder on the ingot performance was investigated and compared with the conventional hpm silicon ingot which seeded from poly-si part... | production of high performance multi-crystalline silicon ingot by using composite nucleant |
lead halide perovskites in the form of nanocrystalline quantum dots (qds) have emerged as a new class of semiconductor materials for photovoltaics (pvs) and optoelectronics. thanks to the nanoscale size-induced lattice strain and enhanced contribution from the surface energy [1], perovskite qds have shown superior phas... | a leap towards high performance quantum dot solar cells |
we observed photoexcited carrier responses in solar cells excited by femtosecond laser pulses with spatial and temporal resolution using an optical pump-terahertz emission probe technique. we visualized the ultrafast local variation of the intensity of terahertz emission from a polycrystalline silicon solar cell using ... | visualization of photoexcited carrier responses in a solar cell using optical pump—terahertz emission probe technique |
localized surface plasmon resonances (lsprs) are usually achieved by some small grains of noble metal (au, ag et al.) to enhances the light absorption and charge carrier's concentration of photocatalysts, but the wide application of noble metals is limited by their high cost. here, we report the preparation of 0d/2d pl... | 0d/2d plasmonic cu2-xs/g-c3n4 nanosheets harnessing uv-vis-nir broad spectrum for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutant |
bismuth‑based solar cells have been under intensive interest as an efficient non‑toxic absorber in photovoltaics. within this new family of semiconductors, we herein report a new, long‑term stable copper bismuth iodide (cubii4). a solutionprocessed method under air atmosphere is used to prepare the material. the adopte... | solution‑processed air‑stable copper bismuth iodide for photovoltaics |
directional solidification (ds) is the most popular technique for massive production of multicrystalline silicon (mc-si) in the solar industry. constant improvement of the quality of silicon ingot production remains a research focus. in this work, the temperature distribution, thermal stresses, and melt-crystal (m/c) i... | effect of heat transfer during the vacuum directional solidification process on the crystal quality of multicrystalline silicon |
in thin film solid-state heterojunction solar cells (hscs), titanium-dioxide (tio2) electrodes need to be optimized to have large specific surface area, controllable pore sizes, and superior light scattering properties. in this study, we synthesize hierarchical nanoporous tio2 beads with sub-micron diameters by a templ... | facile control of intra- and inter-particle porosity in template-free synthesis of size-controlled nanoporous titanium dioxides beads for efficient organic-inorganic heterojunction solar cells |
in this work, polycrystalline cuznsn(s,se)4 thin films were deposited on soda lime glass by a facile thermal evaporation method using a single source. the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity in the dark σd and under illumination σph has been evaluated over 290 k-425 k. the synthesized thin films exhibit a... | an investigation on photoconductivity of non-stoichiometric cuznsn(s, se)4 thin films for photovoltaic applications |
data returned from the cassini-huygens mission have strengthened enceladus, a small icy moon of saturn, as an important target in the search for life in our solar system. information gathered from cassini to support this includes the presence of a subsurface liquid water ocean, vapor plumes and ice grains emanating fro... | tiger: concept study for a new frontiers enceladus habitability mission |
we report correlated 49ti and 28si excesses in 14 x grains, confirming the absence of the short-lived isotope 49v during grain condensation in sne. | decoding mixing in supernovae: correlated silicon and titanium isotopic signatures in presolar sic grains of type x |
we investigate the evolutionary effects on the brightness of a sunspot as well as on the properties of its fine-structures using two sets of time series of g-band images of a single sunspot in noaa 10944 recorded at two symmetric locations on the solar disc by hinode/sot (solar optical telescope). the second time serie... | comparative study of a sunspot at two different instances of time |
combined with advanced crystal growth technology and reduced dislocation densities, the higher tolerance to metal contamination of n-type silicon makes n-type cast-grown silicon a potential option for low cost high quality substrates for solar cells. using a combination of photoconductance based lifetime testing and ph... | n-type high-performance multicrystalline and mono-like silicon wafers with lifetimes above 2 ms |
it is unmistakably paradoxical that the weakest point of the photoactive organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite is its instability against light. why and how perovskites break down under light irradiation and what happens at the atomistic level during the degradation still remains unanswered. in this paper, we revealed th... | atomistic mechanism for trapped-charge driven degradation of perovskite solar cells |
in this paper, the two-step sequential deposition method was used to prepare the ch3nh3pbbrxi3-x films by introducing ch3nh3br in the precursors. the surface morphology of the pbi2 films was controlled by anti-solvent extraction (ase) to improve the microstructure and photo-physical properties of the perovskite films. ... | enhanced photovoltaic performance of ch3nh3pbbrxi3-x-based perovskite solar cells via anti-solvent extraction |
pure sulfide cu2znsns4 thin films were fabricated on mo‑coated glass substrates by facile spray deposition of aqueous precursor solutions containing cu(no3)2, zn(no3)2, sn(ch3so3)2, and thiourea followed by annealing at 600 °c. when a precursor solution containing a stoichiometric composition of cu, zn, and sn was used... | impact of precursor compositions on the structural and photovoltaic properties of spray‑deposited cu2znsns4 thin films |
thin film heterojunction solar cells based on cusb(s,se)2 absorbers are investigated for two primary reasons. first, antimony is more abundant and less expensive than elements used in current thin film photovoltaics, in, ga, and te, and so, successful integration of sb based materials offers greater diversification and... | cusb(s,se)2 thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices |
cdte is a material well-suited to solar cell applications due to its 1.5 ev direct bandgap and high optical absorption. to meet energy demands, cdte solar cells must be produced at a low-cost and with high throughput which often demands the use of non-ideal polycrystalline cdte. as a result of careful process control, ... | application of ab-initio methods to grain boundaries and point defects for poly-cdte solar cells |
the objective of this thesis is to describe the correlated study of individual presolar grains via nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanosims), transmission electron microscopy (tem), and scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (stxm) utilizing x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes), with a focus on conn... | correlated nanosims, tem, and xanes studies of presolar grains |
msl began investigating a contact between murray formation, (fine grained lake deposits) and the younger stimson formation at marias pass in may 2015, on the lower slopes of mt. sharp. images show that the murray formation, with numerous calcium sulfate veins compared to the stimson, is truncated at an erosional contac... | chemistry of the materials above and below an unconformity between the murray and stimson formations in gale crater, mars |
saturn's ice-covered moon enceladus exhibits large cryovolcanic plumes sourced from a global subsurface ocean that may contain the requisite conditions for life. salt-rich ice particles encountered in the plumes by cassini are thought to originate as frozen ocean droplets, thus capturing a snapshot of ocean chemistry. ... | phase fractionation and the fate of bioessential elements during freezing of simulated enceladus ocean fluids |
the chalcopyrite semiconductor cuinxga1-x se2 is considered as the most promising material for high efficiency thin film solar cells due to its exceptional radiation stability, tunable direct bandgap, high light absorption coefficient and low cost preparation methods. in this thesis, we present the systematic investiga... | optimization of cuinxga1-xse2 solar cells with post selenization |
while the curiosity rover continues to provide growing evidence of the salty paleolake origins of gale crater, the perseverance rover will land in jezero crater in february of 2021 and begin seeking signs of ancient life within the paleolake deposits. further, in 2022 the exomars rover will begin its journey to explore... | the importance of transitional habitable zones in the new mars underground |
thin film solar cells based on hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (hoips) have become highly attractive over the past several years due to a high solar to electric power conversion efficiencies (pces). perovskite materials based on methylammonium lead iodide (ch3nh3pbi3, mapbi3) possess high optical absorption coeffi... | solution-processed fabrication of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites & back interface engineering of cadmium telluride solar cells |
enceladus is unique amongst ocean worlds in our solar system: the contents of its internal ocean are continuously emitted to space by its present-day activity, and some of these materials are redeposited on the surface. this tiny moon of saturn thus presents an opportunity to directly measure the composition of the oce... | a new sampling system tailored to experimentally-derived mechanical properties of icy analogs for evolved enceladus surface plume deposits |
with a mean radius of 252 km, enceladus is the second smallest spherical moon of saturn but is the most active icy-moon of the solar system. during its 13 years of mission, cassini was able to image and sample its south pole plumes with great details and reveal the presence of 4 major faults, the tiger stripes, that co... | faults network on enceladus north pole |
organic molecules are the building blocks of life and this is why the search for amino acids and their complex organic precursors at different stages of star and planet formation is one of the exciting topics in modern astronomy. understanding how, when and where organics (simple as well as complex including potentiall... | the chemical link between comet 67p/c-g and low mass protostar iras 16293-2422: integrative studies in observational astronomy and chemical-dynamical modeling |
enceladus is one of the most likely places to find evidence of extant or extinct extraterrestrial life. enceladus has a global, subsurface, liquid water ocean with evidence to support hydrothermal activity at the ocean-core interface. the plume of enceladus, likely originating from the subsurface ocean, allows the ocea... | hypervelocity sampling of the enceladus plume: implications for astrobiology investigations |
in recent years, there has been a growing interest in the robotic exploration of icy bodies that have shown particularly favorable conditions for the emergence of life, like enceladus and europa. one of the main challenges for the design and control of planetary robotic exploration systems is the lack of information ab... | modeling and simulation of planetary porous ice analogs |
defects in high performance multi-crystalline silicon wafers can be detrimental to the lifetime of the solar cell. it is, therefore, important to study and understand the underlying structure and chemical elements present at these defective areas in order to suppress them. the underlying cause of the d-band emission li... | investigation of veryintensed3-band emission in multi-crystalline silicon wafers using electron microscopy and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging |
carbonized bamboo‑derived carbon nanodots (cnds) as efficient additives for application in perovskite solar cells (pscs) are reported. these carboxylic acid‑ and hydroxyl‑rich cnds interact with the perovskite through hydrogen bonds and, thereby, promote the carriers' lifetimes and realize high‑performance p–i–n pscs h... | carbon nanodot additives realize high‑performance air‑stable p–i–n perovskite solar cells providing efficiencies of up to 20.2% |
the activity of most comets within 3au of the sun is dominated by the sublimation of frozen water, the most abundant ice in comets. some comets, however, are active well beyond the water-ice sublimation limit. studying distantly active comets provides valuable opportunities to explore primitive bodies when water-ice su... | gaseous activity of distant comets |
with the discovery that many exoplanetary systems harbor several closely-spaced planets, questions relating to their stability have become relevant. we have integrated closely-spaced planetary systems, with the goal of quantifying their stability times over very long time scales (up to ten billion years). each of our s... | eccentricity and the lifetimes of closely-spaced five-planet systems |
small molecules such as methanimine (ch_{2}nh), methylamine (ch _{3}nh _{2}), hydroxylamine (nh _{2}oh) and methyl isocyanate (ch _{3}nco) belong to a select group of so-called prebiotic molecules that are thought to be at the basis of amino-acid and peptide-bond formation. on earth, amino-acids are important building ... | the inventory of prebiotic building blocks around a young, sun-like protostar |
water and complex organic molecules play an important role in the emergence of life. they have been detected in different types of astrophysical environments (protostars, prestellar cores, outflows, protoplanetary disks, comets, etc). in particular, they show high abundances towards the warm inner regions of protostars... | water and complex organic molecules in the warm inner regions of solar-type protostars |
mission preparation for lunar exploration using landers has been rapidly increasing, and strong demand should arise toward precise understanding of the electrostatic environment. the lunar surface, which has neither a dense atmosphere nor a global magnetic field, gets charged electrically by the collection of surroundi... | lunar plasma and electrostatic environment: numerical approach and its future prospects |
the need for sustainable materials in engineering applications cannot be overemphasized. engineering innovation and material manufacturing and processing are now geared towards longevity and safety. aluminium is one of the few materials that meets the ever-increasing demand for lightweight and high strength materials f... | mechanical and microstructural properties of mig welded aluminium alloy |
ongoing in situ investigation of the phyllosilicate trough "glen torridon" [gt] by the curiosity (msl) rover has allowed the correlation of orbitally defined units with sedimentologically defined members, and with bulk geochemical trends, as identified by the apxs instrument. the jura mbr (herein jura_gt), comprising m... | alpha particle x-ray spectrometer (apxs) (msl) analysis of the glen torridon clay rich units, below the greenheugh pediment, gale crater, mars |
formation of stellar systems similar to our solar system begins from gravitational collapse of an interstellar cloud comprised of gas and dust. in the densest regions of such clouds the temperature drops to as low as 10 k, while the lifetime of the cloud is long enough to accrete most of the gas-phase material (with ex... | carbon chains reservoir as a source for solid-state formation of coms under cold dark cloud conditions |
the purpose of this work is to develop organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells based on electroplated cdte. the materials used in this research are cds, cdte and pani. these materials have been characterised by xrd, raman spectroscopy, edx, sem, afm, uv-vis spectroscopy, pec, c-v and dc measurements, ups and pl for their ... | organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells based on electroplated cdte |
titan, the largest moon of saturn, is the place in the solar system showing the most earth-like landscapes. titan"s dense atmosphere and cold temperatures enable a complex methane hydrological cycle that have shaped the surface, very similarly to the water cycle on earth. titan has another peculiar feature: a wealth of... | detection of charged organic grains at the surface of titan with the efield/dragmet sensor on board dragonfly |
what is the habitability of a salty subsurface environment in a hyperarid region, where the salts are mixtures of chlorides, chloride hydrates, and hydrous sulfates? we report a new concept developed on the basis of observations on mars, field investigations at dlt playa in qaidam basin on tibet plateau, and the labora... | high habitability potentials generated by subsurface salt mixtures at dlt playa on tibet plateau |
indoor photovoltaic devices have garnered profound research attention in recent years due to their prospects of powering 'smart' electronics for the internet of things (iot). here it is shown that all-inorganic cs-based halide perovskites are promising for indoor light harvesting due to their wide bandgap matched to th... | crystalline grain engineered cspbibr2 films for indoor photovoltaics |
future exploration of ocean world interiors, believed to harbor conditions conducive to life, will require penetrating an ice shell up to 10s of km thick while maintaining robust communication with a surface lander. micro-tethers offer unparalleled data transfer rates (for minimal size, mass & power) and sufficient... | how (not) to lose communication with your submersible on europa: an experimental study for characterizing the shear performance of tethers under confinement in ice |
we have developed and implemented a log maximum likelihood approach to retrieve surface thermal inertia (ti) values using a combination of mars global surveyor tes, odyssey themis, and mars reconnaissance orbiter crism long wavelength data. tes (3 km/pixel) and themis (100 m/pixel) data stabilize the retrieval results,... | high spatial resolution thermal inertia mapping of mount sharp and northern plains, gale crater, mars |
icy grain mantles are the main reservoir for volatile elements in star-forming regions across the universe, as well as the formation site of pre-biotic complex organic molecules (coms) seen in our solar system. through the iceage early release science program, we will trace the evolution of pristine and complex ice che... | the iceage ers program: probing building blocks of life during the jwst era |
sand dunes on the floor of gale crater have been investigated by the curiosity rover, but the source of the sand is still unknown. we test the hypothesis that the sand could be sourced from the 5 km tall sedimentary central mound, mt. sharp, by investigating whether dark toned sand is eroding out of mt. sharp. we map o... | mt. sharp as a source of the sand within gale crater |
using the recently developed ultra compact imaging spectrometer (ucis) (0.4-2.5 μm) to generate outcrop-scale infrared images and compositional maps, a mars-relevant field site near china ranch in the mojave desert has been surveyed and sampled to analyze the synergies between instruments in the mars 2020 rover instrum... | outcrop-scale hyperspectral studies of a lacustrine-volcanic mars analog: examination with a mars 2020-like instrument suite |
polar faculae are the unipolar footpoints of field lines near the sun's poles and are visible as bright points on the edges of granules. their number has been shown to correlate with the strength of the polar magnetic field, and therefore better understanding polar faculae enables better understanding of the polar magn... | two new methods for counting and tracking the evolution of polar faculae |
inhomogeneous microscopic carrier transport is difficult to study, but important in many condensed-matter applications. for example, the role of grain boundaries (gbs) in polycrystalline semiconductors has been controversial for 20 years. in cadmium telluride (cdte) solar cells, electron-beam-induced current (ebic) mea... | direct microscopy imaging of nonuniform carrier transport in polycrystalline cadmium telluride |
dye-sensitized solar cell (dssc) using pt-standard cathode possesses a major drawback that its price is high. this work deals with the preparation of palladium (pd) cathode via a simple technique that is liquid phase deposition (lpd) technique for dssc. the influence of pd content in term of the concentration of potass... | palladium films as cathode in dye-sensitized solar cell: influence of the concentration of potassium hexachloropalladate |
saturn's icy moon enceladus is with its roughly 500 km diameter a differentiated geological active body that harbours a liquid ocean between its rocky core and icy mantle. this ocean is among the most promising places to host extraterrestrial life in our solar system.at enceladus' south pole terrain, active geysers for... | modelling the dielectric properties of the geyser deposited snow layer on enceladus |
cdte solar cells have reached efficiencies comparable to multicrystalline silicon and produce electricity at costs competitive with traditional energy sources. recent efficiency gains have come partly from shifting from the traditional cds window layer to new materials such as cdse and mgzno, yet substantial headroom s... | obtaining large columnar cdte grains and long lifetime on nanocrystalline cdse, mgzno, or cds layers |
analyses of the vector magnetic field on solar magnetic structures led to the jurčák criterion, an empirical law that connects a critical value of the vertical component of the magnetic field to the umbral magnetoconvective mode in stable sunspots. we study the evolution of the vertical component of the magnetic field ... | solar pores - a magnetic evolution laboratory |
recent single crystal paleointensity (scp) data from apollo samples reveal null magnetic fields for the moon between 3.9 and 3.2 ga (tarduno et al., 2021). the absence of a long-lived lunar magnetic field resolves the multiple paradoxes associated with prior (cisowski et al., 1983) and continuing (evans and tikoo, 2021... | absence of a long-lived lunar dynamo: opportunities to learn about the early earth and solar wind during future exploration |
the exposures of interbeds of mostly fine gravels observed en route to pahrump valley in gale crate appear to provide no direct indication of channel scale or slope, but they for the first time on mars reveal the bedload grain size distribution. this is in contrast to remote sensing analysis of martian channel landform... | what gravel size may tell us about the rivers draining from the north wall of gale crater |
context. the frequencies, lifetimes, and eigenfunctions of solar acoustic waves are affected by turbulent convection, which is random in space and in time. since the correlation time of solar granulation and the periods of acoustic waves (∼5 min) are similar, the medium in which the waves propagate cannot a priori be a... | acoustic wave propagation through solar granulation: validity of effective-medium theories, coda waves |
with the discovery that many exoplanetary systems harbor several closely-spaced planets, questions relating to their stability have become relevant. we have integrated closely-spaced planetary systems, with the goal of quantifying their stability times over very long time scales (up to ten billion years). each of our s... | eccentricity and the lifetimes of closely-spaced five-planet systems |
recent results from the curiosity mars rover have identified enrichments of manganese in rock targets throughout gale crater. some of these are inferred to be mn-oxide minerals. high concentrations of mn on earth are typically found as secondary mineral deposits, requiring abundant liquid water and highly oxidizing con... | chemcam observations of manganese in rock targets (sols 778-1384): an indicator of redox and habitability conditions |
perovskite have recently become a topic of intense interest in the field of material science due to their promising applications as light harvesting materials in solar cell devices. the champion perovskite at this time is ch3nh3pbi3 (mapbi3), however there is a major concern with the toxicity of the lead atom. using fi... | the role of defects and grain boundaries in the electronic structures of hybrid and inorganic tin iodide perovskites: a dft study |
accurate gas-phase abundances of ions in the interstellar medium may be obtained through the analysis of interstellar absorption lines, but only if the oscillator strengths (f-values) of the relevant transitions are well known. for dominant ions, comparison of the gas-phase abundance with the appropriate solar referenc... | the interstellar abundance of lead: experimental oscillator strengths for pb ii λ1203 and λ1433 and new detections of pb ii in the interstellar medium |
the discoveries of the apollo era arouse the interest of scientific community to research the lunar environment and the development of future missions to gather scientific data to corroborate recent theories. particularly in lunar horizon glow, forward scattering of the sunlight by the electrically charged dust grains ... | pulsed plasma thrusters based attitude control for a 2u cubesat mission towards the observation of the lunar horizon glow |
cathodoluminescence (cl) measurements can be applied to assess grain-boundary (gb) and grain-interior (gi) recombination in thin-film solar cell materials and made quantitative if we can develop cl models that account for material and measurement complexities. recently, we developed a three-dimensional numerical cl mod... | numerical simulations of cathodoluminescence measurements in thin-film solar cells |
jupiter's moon europa is embedded deep within the jovian magnetosphere and is thus exposed to bombardment by charged particles, from thermal plasma to more energetic particles at radiation belt energies. in particular, energetic charged particles are capable of affecting the uppermost layer of surface material on europ... | europa's surface radiation environment and considerations for in-situ sampling and biosignature detection |
introduction: the plumes of enceladus offer an opportunity to access a sample of water from its internal ocean. however, to gain valuable insights into the ocean's composition, it is necessary to take into account any possible process that would alter the mixture between the water table and the geysers. the adsorption ... | effect of adsorption on ice surfaces on the composition of enceladus' plumes: partitioning of oxygen-bearing organics |
metal halide perovskites (mhps) have been considered as a hot research field for optoelectronic devices such as perovskite light emitting diodes (peleds), photodetectors, and solar cells. peleds with high quality are required to achieve the final aim of commercialization. therefore, to commercialize the peleds, perovsk... | considering the effectiveness of a unique combined annealing-based postprocessing method on the optoelectronic properties of mapbbr3-based light emitting diodes |
reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and near-infrared (vnir) is a common technique used to study the mineral composition of solar system bodies from remote sensed and in-situ robotic exploration. in the vnir spectral range, both crystal field and vibrational overtone absorptions can be present with spectral charact... | vnir reflectance spectroscopy of natural carbonate rocks: implication for remote sensing identification of fault damage zones |
while traversing the northern flank of aeolis mons, gale crater, mars science laboratory rover curiosity encountered a decametre-thick sandstone unit unconformably overlying the lacustrine murray formation. this sandstone contains cross-bed sets on the order of 1 m thick, composed of uniform mm-thick laminations of uni... | from lakes to sand seas: a record of early mars climate change explored in northern gale crater, mars |
paleomagnetic studies have shown that a dynamo magnetic field of tens of µt likely existed on the surface of the moon from at least 4.5 to 3.6 ga and declined to several µt by 3.3 ga [weiss and tikoo, 2014]. furthermore, a recent analysis of lunar regolith breccia 15498 found that the lunar surface field was still 5 µt... | lifetime of the lunar dynamo constrained by the young apollo regolith breccia 15015 |
sunspots are the most prominent manifestations of magnetic fields on the visible surface of the sun (photosphere). while historic records mention sunspot observations by eye more than two thousand years ago, the physical nature of sunspots has been unraveled only in the past century starting with the pioneering work of... | sunspots |
evaporation experiments of sic in the low pressure-h2-h2o gas mixture showed that presolar sic grains could survive at temperatures lower than ~800 °c during the disk lifetime. sic could survive more efficiently than presolar silicates in the disk. | survivability of presolar sic grains in the protosolar disk: an experimental study of evaporation kinetics of sic in the low pressure-h2-h2o gas mixture |
convection plays an important role in the transport of material within many stars. in stars like the sun, the size of convection-related surface features is a small percentage of the surface radius. however, in red supergiants (rsgs), granules and convection cells are much larger. understanding surface features on rsgs... | high resolution imaging of red supergiants: a long-term imaging project with the chara array |
photovoltaics (pv) are an enabling technology in the field of aerospace, allowing satellites to operate far beyond the technological limitations of chemical batteries by providing a constant power source. however, launch costs and payload volume constraints result in a demand for the highest possible mass and volume sp... | development and characterization of novel iii-v materials for high efficiency photovoltaics |
comets are among the most erosive bodies in the solar system. mass wasting events such as landslides, scarp retreat, and cliff collapses fundamentally reduce topographic expression on comet nuclei and flattening them over time [1-2]. thus, older comet nuclei tend to have flatter surfaces [1-2] that are less likely to e... | avalanches and snowfields: the evolving landscapes and activity of comet 103p/hartley 2 |
among many molecules in space water is rather special. it is found in large variety of astronomical environments ranging from cold interstellar molecular clouds to stellar photospheres, circumstellar envelopes, atmospheres of icy planets and in cometary comas. in these media water molecules represent the major reservoi... | one database of collisional energy transfer rates for all water isotopologues |
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