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The scheme launched in 2015, envisages coverage of about 1 million medium and small enterprises. 1.3 DEVELOPING CLIMATE RESILIENT URBAN CENTERS.

IND

CW

val

The set of NDCs proposed for the transport sector has gone through a number of amendments, and the following are the key activities listed in the most recent version:. Establishment of energy efficient and environmentally sustainable transport systems by 2030.

LKA

CW

val

The success of this pilot will determine the extent this program will contribute to the Kingdom’s ambition in addressing climate change. Utilization of gas: Encourage investments on exploring and producing natural gas to significantly increase its contribution to the national energy mix. The success on realizing the Mitigation co-benefit ambition in this area will depend on the success of exploring and developing natural gas.

SAU

CW

val

The support of the TFPs should make it possible to accelerate the joint development of electrical capacities for mining activities and connection to the main network. In this scenario, the expected reduction is 20% of the carbon intensity per tonne of ore by 2025 and 50% by 2030, which represents the connection to the main electricity network of approximately 20% of the mining installations.

GIN

CW

val

The targets selected are listed in Table 3. Table 3 : Unconditional and conditional mitigation measures and technologies in the Energy sector. Reduction measures. Technologies. Units. Conditional targets for 2030. Unconditional targets for 2030. Promotion of energy efficiency in the residential and tertiary sectors. Efficient lighting with compact fluorescent bulbs. Lamps. 841,000. 250,000. Efficient lighting with LEDs. Lamps. 295,000. 88,000. Efficient wood-burning fireplaces. fireplaces. 942,000. 300,000. Efficient Charcoal Stoves. fireplaces. 520,000. 140,000. LPG fireplaces. fireplaces. 520,000. 500 00. Office lighting.

NER

CW

val

The thermal power generation is composed of steam turbines, diesel engine, and steam turbines which have lower-efficiency of about 14% compared with gas high efficiency diesel-fired combined cycle unit up to 45 %. Therefore, there is a need to shift to the high efficiency dieselfired combined cycle unit but the initial cost is high, predominantly due to the lack of available infrastructure for LNG importation and as well as the necessary high and long-term investments.

SDN

CW

val

The upstream oil and gas sector in Oman is evaluating ambitious target of zero emissions by 2050. The strategy s major components include a substantial investment in renewable and alternative energy sources and a commitment to achieve Zero Routine Flaring by 2030.

OMN

CW

val

Their proactive commitment to contribute in the collection of the baseline information, in the consultations, and in building a national consensus captures the national interest towards addressing the challenges of climate change. On a special note, we would like to register our heartfelt thanks for the NDC Task Team for the tireless efforts in coordinating this critical exercise despite challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

TZA

CW

val

There are 205 gewogs under 20 dzongkhags in Bhutan.↩. Low Emission Development Strategy for Food Security 2021, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan↩. Low Emission Development Strategy for Human Settlement 2021, Ministry of Works and Human Settlement, Royal Government of Bhutan↩. Low Emission Development Strategy for Industries 2021, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Royal Government of Bhutan.↩.

BTN

CW

val

There are also significant gaps with sector plans. Aside from the current, and soon to be revised, JNAP the most important recent plan is the Tonga Agriculture Sector Plan (TASP). The goal of the TASP is to “increase and sustain resilient agriculture livelihoods”.

TON

CW

val

Therefore, Nepal’s adaptation needs for future, and in the context of post- 2020 will be envisioned through the NAPs. Nepal places climate change adaptation at the centre of its development plans and policies. It aims to strengthen implementation of Environment-Friendly Local Governance (EFLG) Framework in Village Development Committees and municipalities to complement climate change adaptation, promote renewable energy technologies, water conservation and greenery development.

NPL

CW

val

Therefore, energy efficiency and the process of developing existing and new industries must be improved to minimize the effect on emissions. As the cost of the RE is on the reducing trend use of renewable energy will be a cost-effective mitigation strategy.

KHM

CW

val

Therefore, one of the priority initiatives under the CRGE is the use of more efficient stoves, amounting to an emissions reduction rate of 50 MtCO2e per year by 2030. Furthermore, Ethiopia intends to increase its ambition by expanding its forest cover, beyond the initial target for the afforestation and reforestation of 7 Million Hectares, with continued involvement from local communities that are already contributing substantially to the attainment of this target.

ETH

CW

val

These measures already have a very significant impact on GHG emissions. Over the period 2010-2025, this voluntarist policy will reduce GHG emissions by 17,341 GgCO2, or 41% of emissions (63% in 2025).

GAB

CW

val

These measures would include a vigorous program of energy efficiency to reduce emissions in all sectors except agriculture and forestry by 15%. The transition to renewable energy based electricity could be accelerated through review and revision of agricultural (coconut oil sector) national policy.

VUT

CW

val

These policies are expressed in the National Energy Policy 2009-2030. 2.3 Modelled Impact of Policy Actions on Emissions Growth Trajectory. The effect of the energy policies was modelled and compared to a ‘business-as-usual’ (BAU) scenario of emissions growth without policy intervention, using 2005 as a base year.

JAM

CW

val

These regulations will also lead to the phase-out of existing coal-fired electricity units without carbon capture and storage;. renewable fuels regulations require that gasoline contain an average 5% renewable fuel content and that most diesel fuel contain an average 2% content.

CAN

CW

val

These terminologies were studied through resources on the SCP-HAT website, as well as the sources referred to for development of the SCP-HAT methodology, such as the Eurostat Economy-wide Material Flow Accounts and System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012. These parameters have been defined for further reference (Table 2). Table 2: SCP-HAT parameters. Parameter. Definition. Climate change short term – GHG emissions.

SSD

CW

val

They address emissions in sectors that account for 90 per cent of global emissions, or around 45 billion tonnes CO2-e annually. Australia’s low emissions economic stretch goals. Priority technology stretch goal. Potential pathway. Expected timeframe for achievement. Clean hydrogen production under $2/kg. Steam methane reforming with CCS. 2025–2030. Renewable electrolysis.

AUS

CW

val

This BAU scenario makes projections and comprises the period between 2011 and 2025. Based on these calculations, Ecuador aims to reach a 90% of clean energy coming from hydroelectric plants in its total electricity production in 2017 and raise the proportion of renewable energy in the energy matrix even more until 2025. (PNBV 2009-2013). Ecuador intends to reduce its emissions in the energy sector in 20.4-25% below the BAU scenario.

ECU

CW

val

This ambition is broken down for each sub-sector: traditional energies, electricity, new and renewable energies, hydrocarbons, energy management and saving. In line with these ambitions, the NDC of the CAR structures its intervention in the field of energy, according to the actions and objectives below. Traditional energy sub-sector. Goals.

CAF

CW

val

This approach will take into account the equitable participation of the population and will have a territorial approach. Substantially increase the Programs of Action and Conservation of Species in order to strengthen the protection of priority species from the negative impacts of climate change.

MEX

CW

val

This category consists of secondary forest existing in 1986 and new forest expansion since 1986. New forests are only included after they are visible through the use of satellite imagery, and this occurs when trees in new forest areas are four years old, or for some types of forests, eight years. Forest plantations are mapped as secondary forests.

CRI

CW

val

This commitment is in line with universal access to electricity for all households by 2030 (SE4ALL), exclusively via renewable sources. Unconditional objective. Commissioning before 2025 of the dams of:. Kaléta planned for 2021, 240 MW;. Souapiti planned for 2021, 450 MW;. Amaria, 300 MW, construction of which is 50% complete.

GIN

CW

val

This deficit shows how the forest sector is and likely to remain under pressure. In order to deal with this main issue, Rwanda intends to improve the management of its forest resources by increasing efforts in using quality germplasm, planting trees at the right time (rain season) and improving post-planting care,. Furthermore, the country intends to use mixed-species approaches which contribute greatly to the achievement of both mitigation objectives and adaptation benefits of ecosystem resilience and biodiversity. Through this strategic action, the country’s target is to achieve an overall 30% sustained forest cover of the total national land surface by 2030 from 28.8% in 2013. Reduced GHG emissions through sequestration. 3.2 Employ Improved Forest Management for degraded forest resources;.

RWA

CW

val

This enabling environment includes enactment of the Renewable Energy Act of 2015 and the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) of 2015, in addition to policies in energy and the environment such as the National Energy Policy and the Sustainable Energy Action Plan. National efforts have contributed to an enabling financing environment through the Sustainable Island Resource Framework Fund (SIRF Fund), which was established under national environmental law.

ATG

CW

val

This endeavour was subsequently operationalised and approved via the Municipal Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development.The Brava Sustainable Island Project aims to leverage proven technological advancements and best practices to make the island a territory where most of its energy needs are provisioned through renewable sources (67% by 2030). With renewable energy as a catalyst, the project shall aim to foster lowcarbon, resilient economic and social development across all sectors.

CPV

CW

val

This includes restructuring the existing road system to allow smoother and shorter travel time and constructing alternative North-South and East-West transfer roads. To encourage people to use transit, the public transport system needs improvement (with extra transfer stations, shuttle bus system, public transport corridors). Taken together these measures will improve quality of life and contain emissions growth.

SUR

CW

val

This is crucial for a resilient Tonga, especially the plan to include diesel engines efficiency services training to help reduce fossil fuel consumption in the country. Furthermore, the identified private sector interest on solar car public transport campaign for tourists would help add values to reducing petroleum consumption in the sector.

TON

CW

val

This is illustrated by the plan for enhancing teachers’ training on climate change topics in order to enable educators to present the topics of sustainability and environmental development in an appealing manner to students, and to foster behavioral changes in the long-term. Also, all major university campuses in Qatar feature solar panels on building rooftops and policies to reduce energy consumption.

QAT

CW

val

This last transversal strategic line dictates T 7: Integration of the Gender perspective: Aware that the effects of climate change have a different impact on vulnerable human groups, the gender perspective is a transversal aspect of the national development model. Therefore, the role of women as agents of change is recognized, and their participation is encouraged for the transformation of society towards a low-carbon and resilient development.

DOM

CW

val

This strategic plan proposes to exploit local energy resources and reduce fossil fuel dependence. In March 2013, Antigua and Barbuda released a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), to foster energy conservation and efficiency, diversification of energy sources, sustainable energy consumption and generation as well as the utilization of renewable energy sources.

ATG

CW

val

This strategy relies heavily on the exploitation of its natural resources and requires, in order to ensure sustainable and responsible growth, good management of these resources. Several studies carried out in Senegal provide information on the consequences of climate change.

SEN

CW

val

This will be achieved by building upon traditional knowledge and supporting community- based adaptation strategies. Given the frequent droughts experienced in the country, a major priority is promoting the harvesting and retention of water for different uses. This will be implemented through community-based watershed management with a focus on maintaining the quality and quantity of water resources for multiple uses and stakeholders. Health:.

SSD

CW

val

This will be complemented by the development of climate change awareness programmes for dissemination to the wider public. The Government of South Sudan has identified a number of areas where technology transfer could be of benefit of the country for mitigation and adaptation, including through:i. Renewable energy technologies. ii. Access to climate information systems in order to monitor hydro-meteorological events in real time and establish early warning systems. iii.

SSD

CW

val

Through public-private partnerships, the UAE has invested in several vertical farming projects. One prominent example is the world’s largest vertical farming facility being built by Emirates Flight Catering and Crop One which will cover 12,077 square meters and produce output equivalent to 3.6 million square meters of farmland, using 99% less water than regular outdoor fields.

ARE

CW

val

Thus, various actions will be implemented, including: new atmospheric decontamination plans; regulations applied to the public and private transport system; work with communities to improve household energy efficiency; and setting emission and quality standards for the main industrial pollutant issuers, among others. En este contexto, Chile se compromete a:Contribution to Mitigation Nº2 (M2). CONTRIBUTION. SDG.

CHL

CW

val

To have relocated, by 2025, between 3500 and 6000 of the households in flood or contaminated zones identified through the National Relocation Plan and other national and departmental instruments, enabling access to basic services to relocated population and assigning new uses to give a different significance to flood zones. Health care. (Relative to paragraph 9 of the PNCC).

URY

CW

val

To increase additives (blast furnace slag or fly ash) from 15% to 50% in blended cement. 14. To build biogas plants treating municipal solid waste. 15. To replace conventional coal stoves for cooking with efficient electric cookers at the households. 16.

PRK

CW

val

To meet the main goal of 25% forest coverage from the total area of the Sudan by 2030 an area of 790795 hectares needs to be planted annually if international financial support is provided. Afforestation/reforestation supports climate mitigation (emission reduction - carbon sequestration) by increasing the forest cover in the country.

SDN

CW

val

To the effects of climate change that promotes adaptation and brings co-benefits to the population. This vision promotes the transformation of society into a culture of sustainable production and consumption, which manages equity, efficiency, and protection of the environment and natural resources with equity and efficiency, and promotes an adequate adaptation to climate change.

HND

CW

val

To vigorously enhance afforestation, promoting voluntary tree planting by all citizens, continuing the implementation of key ecological programs, including protecting natural forests, restoring forest and grassland from farmland, conducting sandification control for areas in vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin, planting shelter belt, controlling rocky desertification, conserving water and soil, strengthening forest tending and management and increasing the forest carbon sink;. To strengthen forest disaster prevention and forest resource protection and to reduce deforestation-related emissions;.

CHN

CW

val

Total project cost (US $ million): 15.397. Implementing GEF agency: FAO. Enhancing climate change resilience in the Benguela current fisheries system (regional project: Angola, Namibia and South Africa).

AGO

CW

val

Transitioning from open grazing in Badia to on-farm fattening or concentrated farming systems for small ruminants with the adoption of balanced feed for fattening and milk processing technologies and marketing. 4.2.7 Improving sustainable productivity of food chains. There is a great importance of the contribution of the agricultural sector to food security and self-sufficiency under climate change conditions and against emergency conditions like COVID-19 and possible emerging pandemics.

JOR

CW

val

Transport : limit constrained mobility and develop low-carbon transport offers- Promote an integrated approach to the sector and the development of low-carbon transport through a National Transport Infrastructure Scheme; - Integrate an energy / climate dimension into territorial planning documents in order to try to limit distances, to work on functional diversity and to propose efficient public transport policies- To support the State and local authorities in the elaboration development plans for intra-urban and intercity low-carbon transport (eg Yaoundé and Douala tramway);- Promote the purchase of low-emission vehicles and the disposal of the most polluting by standards, incentives or obligations. Impacts on greenhouse gas emissions:The evaluation of this impact would require a detailed evaluation.

CMR

CW

val

Transport: new policies to reduce the import duty paid on low emission vehicles are in the process of being introduced to encourage their use. It is estimated that this will result in avoided emissions of approximately 10% over the next 10 years10. Significant potential for greater reductions (e.g.

VCT

CW

val

Two priority steps are proposed, starting as soon as practically possible:. Introduce a policy that, all government vehicles, at their time of replacement, will be replaced by hybrids vehicles;. Introduce market based mechanisms to motivate the private sector to buy hybrid vehicles when replacing current vehicles.

DMA

CW

val

USD40.5 million 14 (until 2020). Water resources. Objective 1 and related activities. Strengthening Water Resource Information Systems for Climate Change Adaptation. Strengthen information gathering, modelling and vulnerability assessment for climate change in priority river basins in Lao PDR;.

LAO

CW

val

Unconditional options. Conditional options. Strengthening Public Transit. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) pilot (Red Line: Dakar / Guédiawaye). Option 1: Other BRT (Green Line). Level of Emissions Reduction from BAU. Years202020252030. 4%7%6%. Years202020252030. 10%23%31%. total costs. 1,361,174,866 USD. 1,708,057,959 USD. Industry Sector. Reference year: 2010. Methodology: IPCC 2006. Gas concerned: CO2.

SEN

CW

val

Under this comprehensive plan, the government aims to lower energy intensity (national primary energy consumption per unit of GDP) in 2030 by 20% compared to the 2013 level. A total of 95 million toe (113 billion m3 of gas equivalent) is expected to be saved during the period. Renewable Energy Initiatives. Bangladesh has taken up a number of initiatives to enhance the best utilization of renewable energy.

BGD

CW

val

Unknown. 82 ktCO2e/a from 1,000 schools in pilot. Promotion and wider uptake of energy efficient cooking stoves or induction cookers. (Residential biomass burning: ~30 MtCO2e in 2000). Approx. 40% efficiency saving over cooking traditional stoves. Promotion and wider solar uptake of solar energy systems.

UGA

CW

val

Up-scaling the Malaria Control Program towards pre-elimination status of malaria. Up-scaling of national programmes to address the risk of acute respiratory infection, diarrhoeal disease and cholera in disaster-prone areas. Including conducting surveillance and research on water-borne and food-borne diseases associated with climate change. Strengthening technical and institutional capacity to conduct climate change impact assessments, climate change projections, and mainstreaming of climate change into sector and sub-sector development plans.

KHM

CW

val

Up-scaling the level of improvement of agricultural land and water management. Increasing yields through inter alia climate smart agriculture. Protecting smallholder farmers against climate related shocks, including through crop insurance. Strengthening the capacity of Agricultural research institutions to conduct basic and applied research.

TZA

CW

val

Update and consolidate (GHG capture and storage potential, high caron stock lands, ) current forest, wetlands and soil inventory from 2012 improving access to and sharing of data and methodologies;. Integrate forest, wetlands and soil information, including data and plans on conservation and restoration and data on forest fire breaks, into municipal development plans;.

CPV

CW

val

Upgrade agricultural research and extension services to define and promote existing agricultural practices to reduce the negative effects of climate change. Promote two seasons rice cultivation in flood area by adaptive and short rotation rice verities.

LAO

CW

val

Upgrade epidemiological surveillance to incorporate new health outcomes in the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit;. Develop a mechanism to incorporate climate data in the national health information system;. Develop health system response strategies, plans and projects and integrate them into national health strategies. Reference document.

LBN

CW

val

Upgrading of Fuel Quality Standards in order to reduce GHG emission. Reducing unproductive transport systems from current usage. Reduce unproductive vehicles by 25% in 2025 with unconditionally and this could increase 50% with conditions. Development of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) to improve transport system in line with Megapolis Plan that currently being finalized into other main urban areas of the country. Shifting of passengers from private to public transport mode. Introduce Park & Ride system. Introduce the BRT system for Galle Road Corridor. Rehabilitation of Kalani valley Railway line. Enhancing the efficiency and quality of public transport and Economic instruments to environment friendly transport modes. Electrify railway from Weyangoda to Panadura.

LKA

CW

val

Upscale resource mobilisation and leveraging for climate and disaster risk financing and investment; and. Promote and enhance climate change education, public awareness and capacity building through ongoing communication, training, information and knowledge management. Malawi recently completed the first step of the TNA process.

MWI

CW

val

Use of environmentally friendly forms of transport, enhancement of the use of electric vehicles at public transportation, electrification of railway lines and the transition to alternative current system in traction, improvement and expansion of the scope of intellectual transport management system, development of metro transport and increase of a number of metro stations, elimination of traffic jams due to the construction of road junctions and underground and surface pedestrian crossings. Agricultural sector.

AZE

CW

val

Use of renewable energy sources and promote energy efficiency. Carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services. ✔. ✔. ✔. Improving community participation in seed selection, storage and management, and the establishment of community and multiplication seed banks. Department of Agricultural Extension Services. Private Sector (e.g., National Smallholder Association of Malawi).

MWI

CW

val

Using a mix of regulations and investments, Canada will also continue to drive down emissions from electricity. This will include new regulations to accelerate the phase-out of traditional coal units by 2030 and performance standards for natural gas-fired electricity.

CAN

CW

val

Visits of representatives from financial institutions to countries where such loans schemes have been successful. Upgrading and modernization of rail services. Training of government officials at the national, regional and city levels on monitoring and evaluating mitigation programs and on methods of management for modern rail systems. Training of technical staff to operate modern rail systems. Upgrading and development of efficient public transport systems.

PAK

CW

val

Water Security - Public Utilities Corporation is implementing a project to address deficiencies in water security, funded by a loan from the European Investment Bank and a loan from the Agence Française de Développement and designed to address deficiencies in water security. A further loan and grant of about EUR 20 M from the African Development Bank will help the Government to finance part of the Mahé Sustainable Water Augmentation Project and meet targets as set out in the 2008-2030 Water Development Plan supported by the African Water Facility.

SYC

CW

val

We note the low success rate of seedlings planted due to poor control of climatic variations and livestock divagation. The objective of the national policy, the SCA2D, is to cover an area of 11116 ha by 2019, equivalent to 6% of the area of the territory.

COM

CW

val

Wind energy: 1000 MW (grid connected) will be applicable in strong wind regime areas. 2. Solar PV energy: 1000 MW (on - and off - grid) will be applicable in different states within Sudan. 3.

SDN

CW

val

With additional support to mobilise finance, infrastructure, technology and capacity to undertake and oversee implementation, Ethiopia can realize its full potential to act and increase its contributions even further. Means of Implementation. The Government of Ethiopia already spends a substantial portion of its annual budget on infrastructure and the provision of social services, which contribute to addressing the negative impacts of climate change by reducing emissions and vulnerabilities.

ETH

CW

val

Within this framework, Mozambique expects to prepare and submit, on time, national communications, biennial update reports, biennial transparency reports and update the NDC. Table 4 SUMMARY OF MEASURES PRESENTED: MITIGATION AND LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT. ACÇÃO DE MITIGAÇÃO. MEDIDA. META/LOCAL. Improving access to renewable energy 4.6.2.2.1. Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources - hydro 4.6.2.2.1.1. New capacity of Tsate (50 MW). Moamba Major (15 MW). Luaice 0.5MW. Majaua 595Kw. Berua 1900Kw. Technology Action Plan for Regular Hydro Turbine Technology. Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources - wind 4.6.2.2.1.2. Namaacha (120MW). Manhiça (120MW). Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources - Photovoltaic 4.6.2.2.1.3. Metoro (40MW). Vilanculos (10 MW). Dondo (30 MW). Nacala (30 MW). Boane (30 MW).

MOZ

CW

val

Without neglecting the importance of national and private sources of financing, international financial contributions from TFPs will have to play a very significant role. Priority contributions (in the order of 60% of financing needs) should amount to more than US$240 million per year as of 2021, rising to more than US$285 million per year by 2030. 3. Cross-cutting issues of mitigation and adaptation. 3.1 Improving governance.

TUN

CW

val

an increase in energy efficiency by 10 %, based on the 2019 figures. ADAPTATION. 10. Mauritius actions on adaptation are centred around the 2021 Updated National Climate Change Adaptation Policy Framework that focuses on the potential of nature-based solutions for adaptation and provides a new policy orientation in key adaptation sectors to build resilience as it follows:.

MUS

CW

val

and investing in the implementation of REDD+ activities. Several REDD+ programmes have calculated the potential of GHG reduction and enhancement of forest carbon stock under specific REDD+ activities. The emission reduction programme in North Central Viet Nam is expected to cut 25 million tonnes of CO2eq in the 2018-2025 period. National forest coverage has also been on the rise, reaching 41.89% by the end of 2019.

VNM

CW

val

climate-resilient health systems and highlights the need for conducting vulnerability assessments related to human health with future climatic scenarios. The NDS has three-year targets aimed at improving accessibility to health facilities, but it is evident from the current status of the health sector that the country is lagging behind in meeting these targets.

SSD

CW

val

develop methodologies/technologies to assure forest ecosystems adaptability to climate change. Action 3.5: Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation in the Energy Sector. Climate change adaptation measures to reduce losses/risks in the Energy Sector are as follows:1) Energy supply:.

MDA

CW

val

expanding the use of renewable energy sources other than hydropower in the total energy mix to between 28% and 33% by 2030;. expanding the use of non-fossil fuel energy sources domestically, increasing the share of renewables (other than hydropower) in the power supply to at least 23% by 2030, including by raising the share of wind, biomass and solar;.

BRA

CW

val

increase the area of land under Reserved Forest (RF) and Protected Public Forest (PPF) jurisdiction to 30% of the total national land area by 2030 (25.61% of RF/ PPF is completed as of June 2021); and,. increase the Protected Areas Systems (PAS) to cover 10% of the total national land area by 2030 ( 6.08% of PAS is completed as of June 2021).

MMR

CW

val

increasing the forest cover, including in the climate change context mitigation and biodiversity conservation;. development and implementation of projects aimed at planting protection forestry strips (buffer zones) for agricultural lands protection, anti-erosional purpose, and for waters protection;. establishment of plantation forests to meet the needs of population in fuel wood for heating, cooking etc.;. develop methodologies/technologies to assure forest ecosystems adaptability to climate change.

MDA

CW

val

iv) Nature-based Solutions to protect livelihoods and reduce urban heat island effects, flooding and landslides. Measures to promote and assess the impacts of conservation and expansion of peri-urban and urban green spaces and forests on key climate extreme events: reduction of water runoff, mitigation landslide risks, and reduce urban heat island effects.

MMR

CW

val

limitation of the GHG emissions to at most 75% of 1990 levels by the year 2020, and the INDC announced for 2030. There will be GHG emissions reduction per GDP unit. At the same time, if contribution of the Russian forests is fully taken into account, limiting GHG emissions to 70-75% of 1990 levels by the year 2030 does not create any obstacles for social and economic development and corresponds to general objectives of the land-use and sustainable forest management policies, raising the level of energy efficiency, reducing energy intensity of the economy and increasing share of renewables in the Russian energy balance.

RUS

CW

val

modernize gauging stations on natural watercourses, improve monitoring and forecasting of water resources;. improve monitoring of reclamation state of irrigated lands and soil fertility;. apply technologies to protect riparian and river infrastructure, etc. 4. WAYS OF UPDATED NDC IMPLEMENTATION.

UZB

CW

val

reduction in cumulative emissions due to the UTCAFT sector during the period 2021-2030 of 22 Mt CO2 compared to the scenario maintaining the status quo through the reduction of the annual deforestation rate of 5,000 ha/year. increased cumulative carbon sequestration of natural forests during the period 2021-2030 by 12.9 Mt CO2 compared to the scenario maintaining the status quo through the reduction of the annual deforestation rate of 5,000 ha / year and the creation of 15,000 Ha of forest plantations per year.

BEN

CW

val

reforest mountains foothills and preserve native plant species in semi-deserts and deserts;. preserve, restore and maintain ecological balance in protected areas;. improve the sustainability of fragile desert ecosystems management. Adaptation of strategic infrastructure and production facilities.

UZB

CW

val

research on hybrid systems ( solar, wind, thermal) more efficient for generating electricity, etc.). Although no specific scenarios have been built, regarding the potential of renewable energies in Paraguay, a recent evaluation (May, 2021) carried out by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA, for its acronym in English) indicates a large hydroelectric capacity. , wind and solar potential from low to medium level (mainly in the Departments of Boquerón, Alto Paraguay, Presidente Hayes and the Southwest Region of the country), in addition to a great potential of bioenergy and biofuels and green hydrogen, as aspects to consider future, for the country's energy scenarios, mainly considering the increasingly competitive costs of renewable energy technologies (eg batteries, charging infrastructures, etc.) at present."