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+ ---
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+ pretty_name: SQuAD2.0
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+ annotations_creators:
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+ - crowdsourced
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+ language_creators:
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+ - crowdsourced
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+ languages:
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+ - en
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+ licenses:
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+ - cc-by-sa-4.0
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+ multilinguality:
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+ - monolingual
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 100K<n<1M
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+ source_datasets:
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+ - original
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+ task_categories:
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+ - question-answering
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+ task_ids:
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+ - open-domain-qa
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+ - extractive-qa
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+ paperswithcode_id: squad
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+ ---
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+
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+ # Dataset Card for "squad_v2"
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+
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+ ## Table of Contents
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+ - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
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+ - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
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+ - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
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+ - [Languages](#languages)
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+ - [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
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+ - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
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+ - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
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+ - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
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+ - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
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+ - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
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+ - [Source Data](#source-data)
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+ - [Annotations](#annotations)
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+ - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
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+ - [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
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+ - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
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+ - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
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+ - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
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+ - [Additional Information](#additional-information)
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+ - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
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+ - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
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+ - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
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+ - [Contributions](#contributions)
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+
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+ ## Dataset Description
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+
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+ - **Homepage:** [https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/)
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+ - **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+ - **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+ - **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+ - **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 44.34 MB
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+ - **Size of the generated dataset:** 122.57 MB
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+ - **Total amount of disk used:** 166.91 MB
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+
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+ ### Dataset Summary
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+
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+ combines the 100,000 questions in SQuAD1.1 with over 50,000 unanswerable questions written adversarially by crowdworkers
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+ to look similar to answerable ones. To do well on SQuAD2.0, systems must not only answer questions when possible, but
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+ also determine when no answer is supported by the paragraph and abstain from answering.
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+
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+ ### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Languages
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ## Dataset Structure
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+
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+ We show detailed information for up to 5 configurations of the dataset.
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+
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+ ### Data Instances
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+
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+ #### squad_v2
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+
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+ - **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 44.34 MB
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+ - **Size of the generated dataset:** 122.57 MB
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+ - **Total amount of disk used:** 166.91 MB
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+
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+ An example of 'validation' looks as follows.
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+ ```
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+ This example was too long and was cropped:
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+
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+ {
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+ "answers": {
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+ "answer_start": [94, 87, 94, 94],
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+ "text": ["10th and 11th centuries", "in the 10th and 11th centuries", "10th and 11th centuries", "10th and 11th centuries"]
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+ },
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+ "context": "\"The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave thei...",
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+ "id": "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629",
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+ "question": "When were the Normans in Normandy?",
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+ "title": "Normans"
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+ }
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Data Fields
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+
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+ The data fields are the same among all splits.
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+
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+ #### squad_v2
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+ - `id`: a `string` feature.
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+ - `title`: a `string` feature.
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+ - `context`: a `string` feature.
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+ - `question`: a `string` feature.
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+ - `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
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+ - `text`: a `string` feature.
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+ - `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.
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+
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+ ### Data Splits
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+
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+ | name | train | validation |
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+ | -------- | -----: | ---------: |
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+ | squad_v2 | 130319 | 11873 |
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+
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+ ## Dataset Creation
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+
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+ ### Curation Rationale
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Source Data
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+
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+ #### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ #### Who are the source language producers?
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Annotations
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+
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+ #### Annotation process
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ #### Who are the annotators?
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Personal and Sensitive Information
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ## Considerations for Using the Data
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+
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+ ### Social Impact of Dataset
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Discussion of Biases
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Other Known Limitations
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ## Additional Information
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+
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+ ### Dataset Curators
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Licensing Information
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+
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+ [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
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+
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+ ### Citation Information
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+
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+ ```
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+ @article{2016arXiv160605250R,
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+ author = {{Rajpurkar}, Pranav and {Zhang}, Jian and {Lopyrev},
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+ Konstantin and {Liang}, Percy},
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+ title = "{SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text}",
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+ journal = {arXiv e-prints},
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+ year = 2016,
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+ eid = {arXiv:1606.05250},
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+ pages = {arXiv:1606.05250},
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+ archivePrefix = {arXiv},
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+ eprint = {1606.05250},
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+ }
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+
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+ ```
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+
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+
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+ ### Contributions
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+
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+ Thanks to [@AbinayaM02](https://github.com/AbinayaM02)