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<article doi="10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.045" abstract="The polymorphism ATG16L1 T300A, associated with increased risk of Crohn's disease, impairs pathogen defense mechanisms including selective autophagy, but specific pathway interactions altered by the risk allele remain unknown. Here, we use perturbational profiling of human peripheral blood cells to reveal that CLEC12A is regulated in an ATG16L1-T300A-dependent manner. Antibacterial autophagy is impaired in CLEC12A-deficient cells, and this effect is exacerbated in the presence of the ATG16L1(∗)300A risk allele. Clec12a(-/-) mice are more susceptible to Salmonella infection, supporting a role for CLEC12A in antibacterial defense pathways in vivo. CLEC12A is recruited to sites of bacterial entry, bacteria-autophagosome complexes, and sites of sterile membrane damage. Integrated genomics identified a functional interaction between CLEC12A and an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that functions in antibacterial autophagy. These data identify CLEC12A as early adaptor molecule for antibacterial autophagy and highlight perturbational profiling as a method to elucidate defense pathways in complex genetic disease."><fig id="5012"><title></title><label>Figure 1</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=5012"/><sd-panel panel_id="15334">(C) <sd-tag id="sdTag1" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag2" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag3" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> cells were transfected with indicated siRNAs and infected with <sd-tag id="sdTag5" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="DsRed" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">DsRed</sd-tag>-labeled <sd-tag id="sdTag6" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag>. The percentage of <sd-tag id="sdTag7" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag8" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>+ <sd-tag id="sdTag4" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> at 1 hr post-infection is shown. Data are shown as means ± SD; n = 75 cells per condition from three biological replicates. Data are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15334"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15335">(D) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag14" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="epifluorescent microscopy" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">epifluorescent microscopy</sd-tag> images of <sd-tag id="sdTag15" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells used to generate data shown in (C). The scale bars represent 10 μm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15335"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15311">(E) <sd-tag id="sdTag26" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Western blot" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">Western blot</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag30" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs and treated with <sd-tag id="sdTag33" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="Torin" ext_ids="CHEBI:84327" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="torin 1" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">Torin</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag28" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="E64D" ext_ids="CHEBI:30270" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="E64" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">E64D</sd-tag>/<sd-tag id="sdTag29" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="PepA" ext_ids="CHEBI:7989" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="Pepstatin" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">PepA</sd-tag>. Data are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15311"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15313">(G) <sd-tag id="sdTag39" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag40" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag41" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9GZQ8///Q9BXW4///Q9H492" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3B///MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> cells were transfected with control siRNA, <sd-tag id="sdTag38" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> siRNA1, or <sd-tag id="sdTag42" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> siRNA2 as well as <sd-tag id="sdTag43" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> rescue constructs (R1 or R2) and infected for 1 hr with <sd-tag id="sdTag44" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="DsRed" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">DsRed</sd-tag>-labeled <sd-tag id="sdTag45" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag>. Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 75 per condition. Data are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15313"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15314">(H) <sd-tag id="sdTag50" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells from (G) were lysed, and <sd-tag id="sdTag47" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="HA" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">HA</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag48" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> expression levels were assessed by <sd-tag id="sdTag49" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="western blot" ext_ids="BAO_0002424" norm_text="" ext_dbs="BAO" in_caption="True" ext_names="western blot" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/BAO/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioassayontology.org%2Fbao%23">western blot</sd-tag>. Data are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15314"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="5013"><title></title><label>Figure 2</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=5013"/><sd-panel panel_id="15315">(A) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag52" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="epifluorescent images" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">epifluorescent images</sd-tag> showing impaired antibacterial autophagy in <sd-tag id="sdTag53" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="55054" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> KO <sd-tag id="sdTag55" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells complemented with the indicated <sd-tag id="sdTag54" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="55054" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> protein in the presence of control siRNA or <sd-tag id="sdTag56" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> siRNA. The scale bars represent 10 μm. (B) Percentage of <sd-tag id="sdTag57" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9GZQ8///Q9BXW4///Q9H492" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3B///MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag58" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> colocalization in WT <sd-tag id="sdTag59" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells, <sd-tag id="sdTag60" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="55054" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> KO <sd-tag id="sdTag61" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells, and <sd-tag id="sdTag62" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="55054" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> KO <sd-tag id="sdTag63" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells stably expressing <sd-tag id="sdTag64" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="55054" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">ATG16L1</sd-tag>∗300T or ∗300A alleles in the presence of control siRNA or <sd-tag id="sdTag65" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> siRNA. Data are shown as means ± SD; n = 75. Data shown are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15315"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="5014"><title></title><label>Figure 3</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=5014"/><sd-panel panel_id="15316">(A) <sd-tag id="sdTag68" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Confocal micrographs" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Confocal micrographs</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag72" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q91VR7///Q9CQV6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="Map1lc3a///Map1lc3b" ext_tax_ids="10090///10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus///Mus musculus" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag69" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Listeria" ext_ids="1637" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Listeria" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Listeria</sd-tag> colocalization in WT and <sd-tag id="sdTag70" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Clec12a" ext_ids="232413" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="Clec12a" ext_tax_ids="10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Clec12a</sd-tag>−/− <sd-tag id="sdTag71" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_type" role="component" text="BMDMs" ext_ids="CL:0002476" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CL" in_caption="True" ext_names="bone marrow macrophage" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls=" https://identifiers.org/">BMDMs</sd-tag> at 1 hr post-infection. The scale bars represent 10 μm. (B) Quantification of <sd-tag id="sdTag73" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q91VR7///Q9CQV6" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="Map1lc3a///Map1lc3b" ext_tax_ids="10090///10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus///Mus musculus" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag74" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Listeria" ext_ids="1637" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Listeria" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Listeria</sd-tag> colocalization in WT and <sd-tag id="sdTag75" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Clec12a" ext_ids="232413" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="Clec12a" ext_tax_ids="10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Clec12a</sd-tag>−/− <sd-tag id="sdTag76" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_type" role="component" text="BMDMs" ext_ids="CL:0002476" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CL" in_caption="True" ext_names="bone marrow macrophage" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls=" https://identifiers.org/">BMDMs</sd-tag>. Data shown represent mean ± SD of n = 3 independent experiments; unpaired t test. ∗∗p < 0.01.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15316"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15317">(C and D) <sd-tag id="sdTag85" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag81" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="cfu" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">cfu</sd-tag>s quantified per gram of <sd-tag id="sdTag83" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="tissue" role="experiment" text="stool" ext_ids="UBERON:0001988" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uberon" in_caption="True" ext_names="feces" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/uberon/terms?iri=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.obolibrary.org%2Fobo%2FUBERON_">stool</sd-tag> (C) and per organ (D) at 4 days post-infection are displayed. Data are shown as mean ± SD; ∗∗p ≤ 0.01. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments (n = 9 for WT; n = 7 or 8 for <sd-tag id="sdTag86" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Clec12a" ext_ids="232413" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="Clec12a" ext_tax_ids="10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Clec12a</sd-tag>−/−).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15317"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15318">(E) <sd-tag id="sdTag88" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Clinical score" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Clinical score</sd-tag> for infected <sd-tag id="sdTag89" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="mice" ext_ids="10090" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Mus musculus" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">mice</sd-tag> at 4 days post-infection. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Data are representative of at least two independent experiments. ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; unpaired t test. (n = 14 for WT; n = 13 for <sd-tag id="sdTag90" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Clec12a" ext_ids="232413" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="Clec12a" ext_tax_ids="10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Clec12a</sd-tag>−/−).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15318"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15319">(F) <sd-tag id="sdTag92" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Survival" ext_ids="OBI_0000699" norm_text="" ext_dbs="OBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="survival assessment" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/OBI?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/">Survival</sd-tag> curve for infected WT and <sd-tag id="sdTag93" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="Clec12a" ext_ids="232413" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="Clec12a" ext_tax_ids="10090" ext_tax_names="Mus musculus" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">Clec12a</sd-tag>−/− <sd-tag id="sdTag94" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="mice" ext_ids="10090" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Mus musculus" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">mice</sd-tag> (n = 9 <sd-tag id="sdTag95" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="mice" ext_ids="10090" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Mus musculus" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">mice</sd-tag> per genotype).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15319"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="5015"><title></title><label>Figure 4</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=5015"/><sd-panel panel_id="15320">(A) <sd-tag id="sdTag99" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Gentamicin protection assay" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Gentamicin protection assay</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag100" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells showing fold replication of <sd-tag id="sdTag101" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> in cells treated with the indicated siRNAs. Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 6. Data are representative of four independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15320"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15336">(B) Quantitation of <sd-tag id="sdTag111" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag114" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="bacteria" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">bacteria</sd-tag> and <sd-tag id="sdTag107" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9H492///Q9BXW4///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag112" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="bacteria" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">bacteria</sd-tag> colocalization at indicated time points. Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 3 independent experiments. (C) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag113" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="confocal micrographs" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">confocal micrographs</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag108" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells showing association of intracellular <sd-tag id="sdTag115" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="bacteria" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">bacteria</sd-tag> with <sd-tag id="sdTag109" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag116" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> at 20, 40, 60, and 80 min post-infection. The scale bars represent 10 μm.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15336"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="5016"><title></title><label>Figure 5</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=5016"/><sd-panel panel_id="15323">(A-C) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag127" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="epifluorescent images" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">epifluorescent images</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag128" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells showing colocalization of (A) <sd-tag id="sdTag121" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> (green) and <sd-tag id="sdTag122" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="galectin 8" ext_ids="O00214" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="LGALS8" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">galectin 8</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag123" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="galectin 3" ext_ids="P17931" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="LGALS3" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">galectin 3</sd-tag> (red) around intracellular <sd-tag id="sdTag129" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> (blue), (B) <sd-tag id="sdTag130" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag124" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> (green) and <sd-tag id="sdTag125" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="NDP52" ext_ids="Q13137" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CALCOCO2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">NDP52</sd-tag> (red) around <sd-tag id="sdTag131" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> (blue), and (C) endogenous <sd-tag id="sdTag126" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> (red) and <sd-tag id="sdTag132" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag133" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9GZQ8///Q9BXW4///Q9H492" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3B///MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> (green) around <sd-tag id="sdTag134" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> (blue).<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15323"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15324">(D) <sd-tag id="sdTag137" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag140" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag141" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> (green) and <sd-tag id="sdTag138" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="GABARAPL2" ext_ids="P60520" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="GABARAPL2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">GABARAPL2</sd-tag> or <sd-tag id="sdTag139" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="Q676U5" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ATG16L1</sd-tag> (red) around intracellular <sd-tag id="sdTag142" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> (blue). Images are representative of three or more independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15324"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15325">(E) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag148" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="epifluorescent images" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">epifluorescent images</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag149" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected with a control siRNA or a siRNA against <sd-tag id="sdTag150" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="160364" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">CLEC12A</sd-tag> and infected with <sd-tag id="sdTag151" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="DsRed" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">DsRed</sd-tag>-labeled <sd-tag id="sdTag152" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> for 1 hr. (F) Quantitation of <sd-tag id="sdTag147" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="ubiquitin" ext_ids="P62979///P62987///P0CG48///P0CG47" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="RPS27A///UBA52///UBC///UBB" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">ubiquitin</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag153" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="bacteria" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">bacteria</sd-tag> colocalization at 1 hr post-infection in cells shown in (E). Data are shown as means ± SEM from three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15325"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15326">(G) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag154" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="epifluorescent images" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">epifluorescent images</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag155" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells transfected and infected as in (E). (H) Quantitation of <sd-tag id="sdTag156" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="NDP52" ext_ids="Q13137" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CALCOCO2" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">NDP52</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag157" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="bacteria" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">bacteria</sd-tag> colocalization at 1 hr post-infection in cells shown in (G). Data are shown as means ± SEM from three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15326"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15327">(I) Representative <sd-tag id="sdTag163" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="confocal micrographs" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">confocal micrographs</sd-tag> of <sd-tag id="sdTag164" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells expressing <sd-tag id="sdTag165" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag161" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="CLEC12A" ext_ids="Q5QGZ9" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="CLEC12A" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">CLEC12A</sd-tag>. Cells were untreated or exposed to hypertonic media containing <sd-tag id="sdTag162" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="molecule" role="intervention" text="PEG 1000" ext_ids="CHEBI:46793" norm_text="" ext_dbs="ChEBI" in_caption="True" ext_names="poly(ethylene glycol)" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=">PEG 1000</sd-tag>, followed by <sd-tag id="sdTag160" source="sdapi" category="physical" entity_type="" role="" text="hypotonic shock" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">hypotonic shock</sd-tag>.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15327"/></sd-panel></fig><fig id="5017"><title></title><label>Figure 6</label><graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?figure_id=5017"/><sd-panel panel_id="15332">(E) <sd-tag id="sdTag168" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> <sd-tag id="sdTag174" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-<sd-tag id="sdTag169" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="assayed" text="LC3" ext_ids="Q9BXW4///Q9H492///Q9GZQ8" norm_text="" ext_dbs="Uniprot///Uniprot///Uniprot" in_caption="True" ext_names="MAP1LC3C///MAP1LC3A///MAP1LC3B" ext_tax_ids="9606///9606///9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens///Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot////https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/">LC3</sd-tag> cells were transfected with indicated siRNAs for 48 hr and then infected with <sd-tag id="sdTag170" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="DsRed" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">DsRed</sd-tag>-labeled <sd-tag id="sdTag171" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> for 1 hr. The fraction of <sd-tag id="sdTag172" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="protein" role="reporter" text="GFP" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">GFP</sd-tag>-positive intracellular <sd-tag id="sdTag173" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="organism" role="assayed" text="Salmonella" ext_ids="90371" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI taxon" in_caption="True" ext_names="Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/">Salmonella</sd-tag> is shown. Data are mean ± SD and are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15332"/></sd-panel><sd-panel panel_id="15333">(F) <sd-tag id="sdTag184" source="sdapi" category="assay" entity_type="" role="" text="Gentamicin protection assay" ext_ids="" norm_text="" ext_dbs="" in_caption="True" ext_names="" ext_tax_ids="" ext_tax_names="" ext_urls="">Gentamicin protection assay</sd-tag> in <sd-tag id="sdTag185" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="cell_line" role="component" text="HeLa" ext_ids="CVCL_0030" norm_text="" ext_dbs="CVCL" in_caption="True" ext_names="HeLa" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="https://identifiers.org/cellosaurus:">HeLa</sd-tag> cells showing increased intracellular bacterial replication after 48 hr of knockdown of <sd-tag id="sdTag186" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="ATG16L1" ext_ids="55054" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="ATG16L1" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">ATG16L1</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag181" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="KLHL9" ext_ids="55958" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="KLHL9" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">KLHL9</sd-tag>, <sd-tag id="sdTag182" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="NEDD8" ext_ids="4738" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="NEDD8" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">NEDD8</sd-tag>, or <sd-tag id="sdTag183" source="sdapi" category="entity" entity_type="gene" role="intervention" text="KLHL13" ext_ids="90293" norm_text="" ext_dbs="NCBI gene" in_caption="True" ext_names="KLHL13" ext_tax_ids="9606" ext_tax_names="Homo sapiens" ext_urls="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/">KLHL13</sd-tag>. Data shown as mean ± SD; n = 4. Data are representative of three independent experiments.<graphic href="https://api.sourcedata.io/file.php?panel_id=15333"/></sd-panel></fig></article>