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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The essay discusses the concept of flipped classrooms in the EFL context along with the challenges of teachers while implementing this practice in higher education. The authors underline the possibility for practitioners and researchers to improve their interactions and achieve direct benefits with the chosen research context.

The essay discusses the concept of flipped classrooms in the EFL context along with the challenges of teachers while implementing this practice in higher education. The authors underline the possibility for practitioners and researchers to improve their interactions and achieve direct benefits with the chosen research context.

Research Methodology and Philosophical Assumptions Essay (Critical Writing) Philosophy of the Methodology The concept of flipped classrooms in the EFL context along with the challenges of teachers while implementing this practice in higher education can be discussed and researched in a variety of ways. During the last several years, the idea of design-based research has proved its potential and the possibility to unite different environments, including education, investigation, technology, and other real-life problems (Kennedy-Clark, 2013). This paradigm is defined as flexible, systematic methodology with the goal to improve existing educational practices through the prism of researchers’ collaboration and its main characteristics, also known as cycles like analysis, design, development, and implementation (Wang & Hannafin, 2005). The strength of this research approach is the possibility to reflect on each cycle following nine main principles to plan and implement new technological approaches. A design-based research approach can be used for different purposes. For example, Herrington, McKenney, Reeves, and Oliver (2007) state that this method helps incorporate several solutions to one particular problem that exists in learning environments with the identification of the most appropriate design principle. Cotton, Lockyer, and Brickell (2009) underline the possibility for practitioners and researchers to improve their interactions and achieve direct benefits with the chosen research context. According to Wang and Hannafin (2005), design-based research can be properly integrated into technology-enhanced learning environments where students gain new skills, receive academic help, and use different technological resources. This research method was chosen for this project to create a solid background for learning and improving a real-life problem of the lack of knowledge about flipped classrooms among both EFL teachers and students. The discussion of ontological and epistemological issues cannot be neglected in this project as it helps to make a correct decision and understand the essence of the chosen systematic design-based research approach. Ontology aims at discussing the type of reality that can be inherent to current research. Epistemology, in its turn, focuses on the measurements of this reality and the methods of its interpretation. There are several paradigms with its characteristics according to which researchers should work: positivism (one reality is supported), constructivism (several truths are based on individuals’ opinions), or pragmatism (new realities are possible regarding unpredictable situations). In this case, the ontology of research is based on the necessity to work with new ideas because of new achievements and discoveries. The epistemology of research is to concentrate on solving problems and promoting change by designing new approaches and ideas. It means that the current research topic has to be discussed through a pragmatism paradigm where the solution to the problem (the lack of knowledge and experience) can be made. The combination of design-based research and pragmatism paradigm creates many opportunities for researchers. For example, it is possible to use different methods and interventions to discuss the activities and find a possible solution to the already identified problem (Shattuck & Anderson, 2013). This approach allows analyzing, designing, implementing, and evaluating various ideas at different periods of time. In this research project, mixed methods will be applied to gather both qualitative and quantitative data to obtain profound outcomes and give the answers to research questions (Dieronitou, 2014). Triangulation is the method that helps to mitigate biased threats and remove irrelevant subjective opinions (McKenney & Reeves, 2012). Interviews with teachers, classroom observations, and questionnaires for students will be developed to gather enough information and complete each stage of the design-based research approach successfully. There are four main stages of the current research approach: 1. Need and problem analysis is required to understand recent learning environments, students’ expectations, and teachers’ challenges in implementing flipped classrooms; 2. Introduction and development of a new platform that is based on special web tools is an option that cannot be ignored; 3. Evaluation of a flipped classroom in EFL higher education promotes new needs’ identification and refining the design principles; 4. Documentation and reflection on a new design help identify final improvements and continue its integration. Ethical Considerations One of the crucial parts of any research is the consideration of ethical principles. It is required to obtain ethical approvals to solve the educational problem within the frames of the design-based research approach. First, the appropriate research ethics committee has to be involved. Then, the approvals from the University of (insert the title) and the University (insert the title) as the direct participants of the study should be received. All stakeholders must be informed about research goals, activities, and duration. They need to know what kind of personal information can be available to all readers, and what data may stay confidential. Their participation is voluntary, and they can withdraw the study anytime they find it appropriate. The roles of a researcher and a teacher have to be clearly identified before the study. Finally, all the participants should leave their feedback to promote changes and improvements and make sure that all objectives and procedures are followed and properly organized according to the established ethical standards of a design-based research study. References Cotton, W., Lockyer, L., & Brickell, G. J. (2009). A journey through a design-based research project. In G. Siemens & C. Fulford (Eds.), Proceedings of world conference on educational multimedia, hypermedia and telecommunications 2009 (pp. 1364-1371). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Dieronitou, I. (2014). The ontological and epistemological foundations of qualitative and quantitative approaches to research with particular reference to content and discourse analysis of textbooks. International Journal of Economics , 2 (10), 1-17. Herrington, J., McKenney, S., Reeves, T., & Oliver, R. (2007). Design-based research and doctoral students: Guidelines for preparing a dissertation proposal. In C. Montgomerie & J. Seale (Eds.), Proceedings of world conference on educational multimedia, hypermedia and telecommunications 2007 (pp. 4089-4097). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Kennedy-Clark, S. (2013). Research by design: Design-based research and the higher degree research student. Journal of Learning Design, 6 (2), 26-32. McKenney, S., & Reeves, T. C. (2012). Conducting educational design research. New York, NY: Routledge. Shattuck, J., & Anderson, T. (2013). Using a design-based research study to identify principles for training instructors to teach online. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14 (5), 187-210. Wang, F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53 (4), 5-23.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: The text discusses the nature of research and how it can be used to compare qualitative research methods. It also highlights the importance of ensuring the results of research are accurate and reliable.

The text discusses the nature of research and how it can be used to compare qualitative research methods. It also highlights the importance of ensuring the results of research are accurate and reliable.

Qualitative Research Methods Comparison Essay Nature of research The research is qualitative since the aspect under research cannot be quantified. A student’s attitude cannot be measured; it can only be categorized into a particular category. For instance, a student’s attitude can be classified as arrogant or humble. Depending of the value allocated to each respondent, each of these quantities can be assigned a particular number which is used in the statistical analysis. Such categorization is referred to as coding Frequency graph Scatter plot Correlation between Q4 and Q10 There is negative correlation between Q4 and Q10. This is because the line of best fit is loping from the left to the right, that is, the gradient is negative. Nature of research This kind of research is qualitative since the responses from the respondents cannot be quantified. There is no definite answer that is expected as a response to any of the questions. Yield of survey results Survey results yield nature of relationship between different aspects. Analysis of open-ended questions To analyze open ended questions, a code system that helps classify different responses is developed. The codes are the used in the analysis process. Child tantrums versus self-control Since the more the tantrums the less the self-control, the plot is as below. This relationship is negative since an increase is the child’s tantrums indicates less self-control. Moreover, the gradient of the equation linking the two quantities is positive Correlation between study time and grade Since more study time results is a better grade, the plot is as indicated below. This relationship is positive since an increase in the study time results in better performance. Both quantities progress in the same direction. The gradient of the equation linking the two quantities is positive. Use of deception in research Every research activity is conducted to ascertain a particular hypothesis. Such researches seek to use the actual data that is collected from the field to reach certain conclusions. The results of the research are then used in the formulation of decision by the party concerned. Therefore, for reliable and accurate decisions to be made, it is vital to ensure the results of the research reflect the actual data in the field. A false conclusion can cause a lot of damage to companies or non –profit organizations. For instance, if a research is conducted to establish the relationship between advertisement costs and the units sold in a particular company, and the research indicate a negative relationship; the company is bound to cease advertising and seek another alternative to boost their sales. If research findings were deceptive, the company is bound to incur losses in the subsequent period. It is, therefore, wrong for one to use deception in research. In instances where the findings seem to contradict the null hypothesis, the conclusions of the research should still be conveyed as they are. Research, especially that involving healthcare or pharmaceutical drugs, should portray the exact findings of the research conducted. This can help shield people form the loss of lives due deception research. Moreover, it is unethical to avail deceptive research findings in an attempt to maximize one’s profits. Companies such as GlaxoSmithkline have sued by the government for advertising their products based on deceptive research.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The essay discusses the need for organizations to promote high employee performance in light of the evolving competitive environment. It also highlights the importance of work structuring in achieving this goal.

The essay discusses the need for organizations to promote high employee performance in light of the evolving competitive environment. It also highlights the importance of work structuring in achieving this goal.

Research Methods for Business Research Paper Introduction Contemporary organizations are operating in an environment characterized by unpredictable and unprecedented events arising from different factors such as market globalization and technological changes. Beltran-Martin and Roca-Puig (2013) are of the view that proficient performance “is critical in promoting competitive advantages for the modern firm considering the prevailing environmental situation” (p. 646). Evolution in the modern labor market is evidenced by two main phenomena that include jobless recoveries and job polarisation. Jaimovich and Siu (2014) define job polarisation as a phenomenon that entails an increase in the rate of employment in the lowest-wage and highest wage levels of occupation while jobs within the middle-skill level disappear. Conversely, jobless recoveries entail “the periods following a recession in which rebounds in aggregate output are accompanied by slower recoveries in aggregate employment” (Jaimovich & Siu, 2014, p. 16). One of the factors that have increased the rate of job polarisation entails technological advancement such as developments in computing, information communication technology, and robotics. This trend has led to a reduction in the demand for employees to perform routine tasks. The routine jobs entail tasks that are characterized by limited scope and can easily be easily undertaken by following a clear set of procedures. Moreover, the routine jobs are often repetitive and require a minimal response to external stimuli. This aspect makes it relatively easy to computerize routine jobs. Routine employments are affected adversely by economic events such as recession, and they tend not to recover (Jaimovich & Siu, 2014). Problem statement Despite the evolution being experienced in the modern labor market, organizations have a duty to promote high employee performance. One of the proposed approaches in promoting high employee performance is related to the integration of effective work structures that can yield high productivity. The need to promote employee productivity has led to the formulation of different techniques commonly referred to as High-Performance Work Practices [HPWPs]. The rationale for adopting the HPWPs is to improve the organizations’ capacity to cope with the evolving competitive environment. These practices are considered effective in fostering employee participation, collaboration, and learning. Different studies have been undertaken in the quest to illustrate the positive relationship between the implementation of HPWPs and employee welfare (Sgobbi & Cainarca, 2015). One of the techniques commonly being applied by firms in promoting employee productivity entails work systems or work plans. Organizational managers are of the view that the integration of work systems can contribute to improvement in routine jobs. However, the types of work plans vary across organizations. Despite the importance of work structuring, the employee under the routine job category becomes a low-productivity employee. Additionally, routine jobs cause boredom amongst employees due to the monotony involved in performing the job tasks. Moreover, Roger (2012) asserts that such employees face a challenge due to the risk of offshoring, and they cannot be paid much. On the contrary, providing employees with an opportunity to be actively involved in the organization’s operation increases their productivity and performance. Problem justification In spite of the extensive association of routine jobs with low productivity, routine jobs are a common phenomenon in organizations. The presence of routine jobs arises from the high cost associated with the implementation of information technologies such as robotics in undertaking routine jobs. Moreover, the prevalence of routine jobs has been spurred by the fact that not all routine jobs can be computerized. Golden (2011) affirms that jobs can either be classified as routine-oriented or creativity-oriented. Therefore, consideration of the effectiveness of routine jobs in promoting employee performance is critical. Research aims and objectives This study seeks to investigate whether highly motivated employees are engaged in routine work. To achieve the research objective, the study will focus on the following objectives. 1. To investigate whether routine jobs promote creativity 2. To determine whether routine jobs make employees more productive Research questions Based on the above research objectives, the study will attempt to respond to the following research questions. 1. Do routine jobs contribute to the promotion of creativity? 2. Do routine jobs make employees more productive? Research hypothesis In responding to the following questions, the study will test the following hypothesis. 1. Routine jobs do not encourage change. 2. Routine jobs make employees productive. Literature review Work designing has gained remarkable recognition over the past decades in stimulating organizational performance. One of the primary issues that most organizations consider in designing jobs is specialization. However, effective job designing remains a challenge in organizations. Gittell, Weinberg, Bennet, and Miller (2008) is of the view that some jobs are “designed to be broad, encompassing a wide range of tasks that span entire work processes from beginning to end” (.p. 781). Conversely, some organizations adopt a narrow specialization approach in the quest to ensure high productivity. Competing arguments on the benefits of specialized versus broad jobs exist. One of the arguments relates to the mechanistic or technical approach, while the other advocates the motivational or psychological approach (Gittell et al., 2008). The technical approach emphasizes that job design enables organizations to maximize efficiency through task simplification. On the other hand, the motivational approach contends that broad job designs are more satisfying, intrinsically motivating, and they contribute to the development of an enabling environment for working due to the high level of autonomy and feedback provision. The routine jobs can be classified into three main categories that include routine-resource such as coal miners, routine-service [accounting clerk], and routine physical [auto assembly worker] (Roger, 2012). The increase in the intensity of competition has motivated companies to consider innovation and creativity to be a critical aspect of gaining competitiveness. Sripirabaa and Maheswari (2015) support the view that innovation increases an organization’s capacity to keep up with the changing market needs. Therefore, firms are encouraging employees to think of innovative ideas and to take a risk. However, the likelihood of employees in routine jobs participating in decision-making and problem solving is limited. Nevertheless, Krausert (2014) argues that the efficacy of the high-involvement system in stimulating employee performance has increased substantially. According to Roger (2012), providing employees with the chance to exercise decision-making and judgment in their job roles makes them more innovative and increases their productivity. The high-involvement system emphasizes diverse aspects such as providing employee discretion, group-level incentives, and training. The discretion can either be in relation to the work schedule. Golden (2011) posits that adopting a fixed work schedule pose in promoting employee productivity because of the constraints associated with fixed working hours or shift lengths. Moreover, Golden (2011) asserts that flexible working schedules are mainly associated with wage premiums, which increases the likelihood of increasing the employees’ productivity. These aspects improve the degree of employee performance by increasing their motivation and providing them with an opportunity to contribute actively to the firm’s operations. Therefore, despite the decline in the number of routine jobs within organizations over the years, the relevance of routine jobs organizations operation cannot be ignored. Research methodology This study sought to investigate whether highly motivated employees are engaged in routine work. To achieve this goal, the study is based on the exploratory approach. Jha (2014) posits, “The objective of exploratory research is to gain insights and ideas related to a problem” (p. 106). The study will be based on the concept of triangulation by integrating the mixed research approach. The rationale for using the mixed research design is to ensure that the research question is answered successfully through the incorporation of inductive and deductive reasoning methods. According to Sreejesh and Mohapatra (2014), the mixed research design culminates in an effective interpretation of the issue under evaluation. The mixed design will be operationalized by entrenching the qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Data collection and sampling The study is based on primary and secondary data collected from the field. Both primary and secondary data were collected from employees of the three companies considered in the study. The companies belonged to different industries that include the banking, manufacturing, and mining industries. The rationale for adopting primary and secondary data is to ensure that quality data is gathered hence increasing the reliability of the study. The sample study was constructed using purposive sampling. The adoption of this technique was to ensure that the parties engaged in the study are real employees who are involved in routine jobs. A sample of 100 respondents was collected. The data was collected by conducting a survey. The purpose of conducting a survey was to increase the likelihood of collecting substantial data to support the study. The survey was actualized by using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The questionnaire was effectively designed by eliminating ambiguity and administered to employees in the three organizations selected. Data presentation, analysis, and interpretation The raw data collected from the field might not be of significance to the target audience due to its voluminous nature. To overcome this limitation, the data collected will be effectively analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics enable the researcher to condense and present voluminous data using quantitative summaries. Therefore, the descriptive statistics technique will make the research data understandable. The technique will be achieved through the integration of the SPSS and Microsoft Excel tools. Therefore, it will be possible to present the data using a combination of graphs, tables, and percentages. Subsequently, it will be possible for the target stakeholders to interpret the data effectively and efficiently. Results and discussion The survey questions administered to the selected respondents succeeded in generating a substantial amount of data on the research topic. The data collected illustrate the prevailing situation with reference to the nature of the relationship between routine jobs and employee performance. This chapter presents the study’s results, findings, and discussion. The analysis is based on the questions posed by the research. Presentation of respondents’ demographic characteristics The research respondents were characterized by varying demographic characteristics. Fifty-five percent (55%) were males while 45% were female, as illustrated by the graph below. Moreover, 100% of the respondents affirmed that their nature of work mainly entails routine tasks that follow a clearly laid out procedure. Respondnets gender composition. The study further sought to understand the degree to which the respondents feel engaged and involved in the organization’s operation by undertaking their daily routines. Sixty percent (60%) of the respondents argued that they feel alienated in making critical decisions regarding their organization’s operation. On the other hand, 25% of the respondents argued that they feel moderately engaged in their organization’s operation, while 15% asserted that their routine job is quite engaging. Respondent opinion on level of engagement derived from the routine job Percentage of respondents Feel alienated 60% Moderately engaged 25% Quite engaging 15% When asked why they feel either alienated, thirty percent (30%) asserted that their job is not challenging enough. In their opinion, the stipulated procedures make the job too mechanistic. This aspect shows that a routine job is less likely to contribute to a high level of employee motivation. Thus, the room for creativity and innovation is diminished significantly. The research also intended to understand the effectiveness with which the organizations have implemented work structures within the routine job category. Forty-five percent (45%) affirmed that their organization had integrated flexible working schedules, while 55% argued that their work is based on a fixed work system, as depicted by the graph below. The respondents who identified fixed working hours argued that they are required to work within a specific period. In their opinion, the respondents said that they are required to be at their workstations within the specified time of the day. These respondents further argued that the inflexibility associated with their routine job makes them less motivated and productive. Golden (2011) supports this finding by accentuating that most employees under the fixed working hours “are forced to settle for hours that are not their preferred hours because other options such as absenteeism or tardiness carry a credible risk of discharge” (p. 2). However, the respondents’ opinions on the nature of flexible working schedules that the firms have integrated varied significantly, as revealed from the responses obtained. Twenty-three percent (23%) of the respondents who affirmed the presence of a flexible working schedule identified the part-time system, while 12% said that their work is based on the concept of job sharing. Only 10% of the respondents said that their routine job is based on the concept of telecommuting. According to graph 4, it is evident that most routine jobs in the organizations considered in the study are based on the part-time working schedule. Moreover, the graph shows that the adoption of the concept of flexibility with regard to routine jobs is not effectively developed. From the graph, one can argue that the integration of the concept of telecommuting or working from home within the routine job category is not a common approach within organizations. Moreover, job-sharing where two employees share a particular routine job not well developed. According to Aime, Johnson, Ridge, and Hill (2010), job sharing provides an opportunity for employees to share ideas and energy. Therefore, the probability of employees under such a job arrangement being highly productive is high. The research study also sought to understand whether employees within the routine job category feel motivated and productive in their job. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the respondents were of the opinion that they do not feel motivated, while only 25% affirmed that they feel motivated and productive. The 25% of the respondents argued that the flexibility associated with their work schedule provides convenience in addressing personal issues such as parenting and educational matters. To gain insight on the level of motivation and productivity, the study sought to explore further the response provided. Forty percent (40%) of the respondents said that their nature of job provides minimal opportunity for personal input on issues relating to the organization’s operation. In their opinion, the respondents argued that they are required to adhere to a specified procedure. Therefore, the outcome of their job does not mainly contribute to an important aspect that the firm’s management team can rely on while making decisions relating to performance management, such as promotion. Roger (2012) supports this finding by asserting that once a job “is defined as routine, it becomes routine and the individual in it does not exercise judgment or decision making” (par. 5). Fifteen percent (15%) of the respondents argued that the mechanistic nature of the job does not give the employees an opportunity for career progression. Conversely, 20% of the respondents argued that their job provides minimal opportunity for engagement and involvement. The respondents asserted that their input in making critical decisions and solving organizational problems was less sought. Conclusion The study’s findings reveal that routine jobs provide a minimal opportunity for promoting employee creativity and productivity. This assertion arises from the technical nature associated with a routine job. According to the study’s findings, most of the routine job workers who participated in the study affirmed their lack of motivation with the nature of their job. In their opinion, the respondents argued that routine jobs do not provide room for career development and progression. This aspect arises from the repetitiveness associated with routine tasks. Moreover, routine jobs do not mainly entail solving problems. Therefore, the employees do not have discretion in responding to issues associated with their job. On the contrary, the employees have a duty to adhere to predetermined procedures in resolving work-related issues. The study shows the existence of disparity with reference to the work schedules adopted across the different organizations. Despite the evidence of integration of flexible work schedules across the organizations considered, the contribution of the flexible schedules in promoting employee performance and productivity is minimal. This assertion arises from the view that most organizations have adopted the concept of part-time working hours. Therefore, the growth in other concepts of flexible working schedules within the organization, such as telecommuting, is not adequately developed. In summary, the study’s findings support the hypothesis that routine jobs do not contribute to personal or organizational change. Given that it is not possible for organizations to integrate computer technology such as robotics in performing all the routine jobs, it is imperative for organizational managers to come up with the most appropriate approach to consider in motivating employees within the routine job categories. One of the most effective techniques that firms should consider entails diversifying their approach towards flexible working schedules. Firms should consider redesigning some of the routine jobs to improve the degree of flexibility, for example, by integrating the concept of telecommuting where applicable. Alternatively, the promotion of a conducive environment for working should also entail ensuring that employees in the routine jobs are actively engaged and involved in diverse organizational processes such as decision making. References Aime, F., Johnson, S., Ridge, J., & Hill, A. (2010). The routine may be stable, but the advantage is not: competitive implications of key employee mobility. Strategic Management Journal, 31(75), 75-87. Beltran-Martin, I., & Roca-Puig, V. (2013). Promoting employee flexibility through HR practices. Human Resource Management, 52(5), 645-764. Gittell, J., Weinberg, D., Bennet, A., & Miller, J. (2008). Is the doctor in a relational approach to job design and coordination of work. Human Resource Management, 47(4), 729-755. Golden, L. (2011). The effects of working time on productivity and firm performance; a research synthesis paper . Web. Jaimovich, N., & Siu, H. (2014). Demographics, job polarization, and macroeconomic analysis of labor markets. NBER Reports, 3(9),10-17. Jha, A. (2014). Social research methods. New Delhi, India: McGraw-Hill Education. Krausert, A. (2014). HRM systems for knowledge workers; differences among top managers, middle managers, and professional employees. Human Resource Management, 53(1), 67-87. Roger, M. (2012). The US needs to make more jobs more creative . Web. Sgobbi, F., & Cainarca, C. (2015). High-performance work practices and core employee wages; evidence from Italian manufacturing plants. International Labour Review, 68(2), 426-456. Sreejesh, S., & Mohapatra, S. (2014). Mixed methods research design; an application in consumer-brand relationships. New York, NY: Springer. Sripirabaa, B., & Maheswari, T. (2015). Individual creativity; the influence of job autonomy and willingness to take a risk. SCMS Journal of Indian Management, 2(6), 110-130.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The essay is a rating of the movie Restrepo directed and produced by Tim Hetherington and Sebastian Junger back in 2010.The essay is a rating of the movie Restrepo directed and produced by Tim Hetherington and Sebastian Junger back in 2010. The movie is about the efforts of Junger and Hetherington who spent a year with B Company the second platoon that was sent to a combat zone in Afghanistan. Korengal Valley in northeast Afghanistan was their exact location.

The essay is a rating of the movie Restrepo directed and produced by Tim Hetherington and Sebastian Junger back in 2010. The essay is a rating of the movie Restrepo directed and produced by Tim Hetherington and Sebastian Junger back in 2010. The movie is about the efforts of Junger and Hetherington who spent a year with B Company the second platoon that was sent to a combat zone in Afghanistan. Korengal Valley in northeast Afghanistan was their exact location.

“Restrepo” Documentary Film Rating Essay Rating of the Movie “Restrepo” It is no doubt that with technological innovation, the quality of movies, as well as television shows, has continuously improved. Thus the viewing experience is being brought up to an improved level which makes the experience more amusing and enjoyable. Nonetheless, there are a group of people who hold that with improvement in technology in the filming industry there are instances where the quality of the cinematography and animation improves but the desired level of morals are being sacrificed. Movie rating usually helps prospectus viewers to choose whether to watch a given movie or not. This later is useful in guiding producers and directors to seriously think about all aspects of movie production. The essay is a rating of the movie Restrepo directed and produced by Tim Hetherington and Sebastian Junger back in 2010. The movie is about the efforts of Junger and Hetherington who spent a year with B Company the second platoon that was sent to a combat zone in Afghanistan. Korengal Valley in northeast Afghanistan was their exact location. It was deemed to be the most dangerous place on earth since there were about three to four attacks daily (Hetherington and Junger, 2010). The region is a desert with no vegetation; the surface is filled with dust. The American soldiers were to get rid of the Taliban insurgence group and gain the trust of the civilian. However, the soldiers were ambushed and two members lost their lives, Restrepo and Vimeo. Capt. Dan Kearney who was the leader of the troop sought to establish an outpost which was later named after the fallen soldier Restrepo. To rate the chosen movie, the system I will adopt is based on letter grades A, B, C, D, and F. ‘A’ being the highest grade and ‘F’ being the lowest. There is a list of points I will be analyzing in a film to appoint a specific grade, they include; 1. Storyline/plotline 2. Character development 3. Dialogue 4. Cinematography 5. Entertainment Factor I will rate the documentary to be a grade ‘A’ film. For a movie to be rated this high, the film must be strong on the five points stated above. Concerning story or plotline, it is a story of the second platoon of Battle Company that was deployed for 15 months in Korengal Valley to deal with the insurgency of the Taliban. The producers and directors followed the chronicle of the events from pre-deployment and the actual life the soldiers faced while in Afghanistan. The actual task began when the soldiers worked at OP Korengal and it is here that they lost two men, Vimoto and Restrepo (Hetherington and Junger, 2010). Through the leadership of Capt. Dan Kearney an outpost was created in honor of Restrepo. Additionally, his efforts to engage the local communities into negotiation and the tough lives his troop endured are brought out. The tragic consequences towards the end of the movie shows how civilians and some soldiers lost their lives. The plot is a reality of what American soldiers endure when they went to the Middle East to tackle the issue of terrorism. Concerning character development, the directors and producers ensured that they did not take any part while narrating the events. This responsibility was left to the soldiers themselves. Through such narrations, one character develops other characters. The characters were lovely and ensured that the emotions related to war are perfectly relayed to viewers. The character of Capt. Dan Kearney is that of a true and modern military leader who believes in negotiation especially with the local people to gain their trust. The film perfectly used dialogue. The strength of the same rests on the ability of the soldiers to give an account of what they experienced in the field. For instance, the following statement was said by Sgt. Miguel “I saw his face, “How it was. Kind of… messed up. I wanted to cry but didn’t” (Hetherington and Junger, 2010). This was about one of his comrades who died while fighting with the Taliban. Additionally Staff Sgt. Aron Hijar said, “The fear is always there, especially at night, when you can’t see what’s coming at you” (Hetherington and Junger, 2010). This makes the viewers see how dangerous the place was. The issue of cinematography which includes animation quality, clarity of projection, and overall visual quality was indeed perfect. There is no doubt that the film is entertaining while it takes one through the lives of American soldiers. It also brings to light the concept of togetherness because the soldiers come from different parts of the U.S. However the emotion it brings makes one appreciate what American soldiers are capable particularly with regards to bringing peace (Hetherington and Junger, 2010). The concept of rating movies helps cinema-goers to spend their money on films that are worth their money. Similarly, since producers and directors are certain that their films or movies will be scrutinized, they will dedicate more effort to come up with an appealing movie, well balanced in terms of plot, entertainment, character development, cinematography without compromising on morals. Bibliography Restrepo, directed by Hetherington Tim and Junger Sebastian. 2010. London, UK: National Geographic Entertainment Dogwoof Pictures, 2010. DVD.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty by Brady Essay (Critical Writing)According to Brady (2003), the official US measure on the poverty index has serious methodological problems. However, US sociologists have been relying on the same data for a long time. This implies that the US measure has several shortcomings that need to be addressed. It is equally surprising that the concerned government agencies have never responded to this obvious anomaly. There are quite several theoretical and methodological procedures

Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty by Brady Essay (Critical Writing) According to Brady (2003), the official US measure on the poverty index has serious methodological problems. However, US sociologists have been relying on the same data for a long time. This implies that the US measure has several shortcomings that need to be addressed. It is equally surprising that the concerned government agencies have never responded to this obvious anomaly. There are quite several theoretical and methodological procedures

“Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty” by Brady Essay (Critical Writing) According to Brady (2003), the official US measure on the poverty index has serious methodological problems. However, US sociologists have been relying on the same data for a long time. This implies that the US measure has several shortcomings that need to be addressed. It is equally surprising that the concerned government agencies have never responded to this obvious anomaly. There are quite several theoretical and methodological procedures that can be used to measure the poverty index even though ignorance seems to be derailing the process. Brady (2003) has proposed several key guidelines that should be adhered to when undertaking any measure on poverty. For instance, there should be an effective measurement of comparative historical variation. In addition, such measures are supposed to be relative instead of being absolute. In most instances, poverty should be conceptualized as social exclusion. State benefits, transfers, and the effect of taxes should also be assessed when measuring the poverty index. However, it may not be a practical procedure to precisely ensure that the latter guidelines are followed. The federal and state authorities can still assess the level of inequality among the US residents who are considered to be poor. In other words, the poverty level can be integrated into the analysis so that a clear picture of the situation is obtained. Perhaps, one of the strengths of the article is that the criteria discussed by the author have been supported by series of sociological studies. The author has extensively evaluated the past studies on this subject area to compare and contrast the aspect of poverty from different dimensions. We may not conclusively assert that sociology has neglected to adhere to the proper criteria of measuring poverty as claimed by Brady (2003). The actual cause of the anomaly is the mismatch between sociological objectives and guidelines accepted by government agencies from the local, state, and federal levels. The author proposes three optional poverty indices that can be used to meet the right criteria. These include the sum of ordinals measures, the ordinal measure, and the interval measure. Moreover, the Luxembourg Income Study employed by the author in the research study is indeed instrumental in assessing the three measures as well as the empirical patterns. It is not the first time when poverty scholarship is raising tension in the field of sociological study. Nonetheless, this does not imply that we are on the right path in terms of poverty measurement. The poverty profile of the African American households was studied by Moynihan way back in 1965. This study attempted to offer detailed data on the actual level of poverty among African American families during that time. However, several scholars around the same period avoided this area of the qualitative research study. As a result, Moynihan’s work was not adequately critiqued either in terms of strengths or weaknesses. As much as Brady (2003) argues that significant empirical findings have been generated by the recent research work on poverty, there are still numerous doubts on whether sociology has experienced true revitalization. The processes of policy formulation and application are still highly bureaucratic and therefore tend to hinder the use of accurate data on poverty measurement. Needless to say, there is widespread acceptance of conventional methodological practices in the sociological measurement and reporting of poverty. Works Cited Brady, David. “Rethinking the sociological measurement of poverty.” Social Forces 81.3 (2003): 715-718. Print.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: Rhetoric: " Cho Seung-Hui's Killing Rampage" by Tao Lin In his essay, Lin argues that the public's sympathy towards the grieving families of Cho Seung-Hui will not avert future killing rampages. He suggests that instead of focusing on the victims of these rampages, the public should focus on the sources of alienation.

Rhetoric: " Cho Seung-Hui's Killing Rampage" by Tao Lin In his essay, Lin argues that the public's sympathy towards the grieving families of Cho Seung-Hui will not avert future killing rampages. He suggests that instead of focusing on the victims of these rampages, the public should focus on the sources of alienation.

Rhetoric: “Cho Seung-Hui’s Killing Rampage” by Tao Lin Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. A strong point 3. Weak point 4. Logos on the argument 5. Types of appeals used by Lin 6. News coverage 7. Evaluation of comments 8. Works Cited Introduction Miller-Cochran & Rodrigo explain that warrants are “ideas, concepts, and beliefs that connect reasons and evidence to the claim” (186). Yagelski & Miller discuss that “facts/statistics, personal experience, authority, and values are the commonly used types of evidence” (92). Lin uses facts, personal experience, and values. He derives statistics used in the argument from personal experience. He does not use authority such as expert judgment. A strong point Sympathy expressed by the public towards grieving families and Cho Seung will not avert future killing rampages. Lin argues that sympathy would not “effectively prevent future killing rampages” (par. 2). Sympathy does not affect the source of the problem. Lin explains that the source is found in areas that have been neglected. Lin uses an illustration where someone “signs a note causing someone to tell someone to press the button that launches the rocket” (“Context and Goals” par. 2). Sympathy in this illustration deals with the person that pressed the button. As a result of ignoring the sources of alienation, sympathy is ineffective. Weak point Lin makes a weak argument that a person who wants to reduce human suffering must avoid all mainstream media outlets. Lin proposes that one should ignore “all mainstream media, pretty much, any newspaper, and almost every website” (“Perspective” par. 1). When a person ignores all these media outlets, he/she is unlikely to be aware of suffering unless it happens only to them. Someone is unlikely to change what he/she is unaware of. Logos on the argument Lin uses an enthymeme on anger. Enthymeme uses a major premise and minor premises to conclude (Yagelski & Miller 84). The major premise generalizes that “anger means wanting to destroy something in concrete reality” (“Anger” par. 1). A minor premise suggests that “pain/suffering does not exist in concrete reality” (“Anger” par. 1). From the statements used by Lin, it can be concluded that “destroying people does not affect the existence of suffering” (“Anger” par. 1). Suffering from anger is an abstraction. It can only be reduced by eliminating intangible causes. Lin supports his claims with warrants. Miller-Cochran & Rodrigo discuss that warrants are assumptions used to reinforce the credibility of claims (188). Lin argues that death can make him sad only if “it happened to someone whose concrete existence affected his daily life” (“Sympathy” par. 1). He follows the argument that by saying that “Kurt still exists for me as much as he did a month before he died” (“Sympathy” par. 1). This claim warrants that Vonnegut’s death does not affect his daily life. Lin opposes general public sadness. Lin argues that “an amount of people felt automatically sad when Kurt Vonnegut died” (“Sympathy” par. 2). Lin does not find a connection of their suffering to the deceased. Lin argues that it is “due to the automatic acceptance of a pre-existing sort of guideline or suggestion” (“Sympathy” par. 2). Lin argues that people die every day. There is no difference between Cho’s killing or Vonnegut’s death to make the public mourning. Their sadness does not affect them because they cannot “resurrect Kurt Vonnegut to cure their sadness” (“Sympathy” par. 1). Similarly, it will not reduce future killings. Lin uses a claim of policy to support his argument on the intolerance of art. A claim of the policy describes what ought to be done. Lin argues that one cannot claim without defining a context or goal that a book or a story is bad or good (“Intolerance of Art” par. 1). It would mean that the person “is the only one who exists and his/her opinion are facts” (“Intolerance of Art” par. 1). Lin argues that someone can “only like or dislike a subject when there is no context or goal” (“Context and Goals” par. 1). Lin discourages statements such as “your facial expression and voice are horrible, you have no talent” (“Intolerance of Art” par. 2). The argument appeals to what is right. Yagelski and Miller discuss that facts are supposed to be supported with statistical figures (92). Lin argues that some people after watching “a PETA video, feel sad for 10 or 20 minutes” (“Consistency” par. 1). Lin generates the figures out of his experience. Readers who have a similar observation will find his argument more credible. Lin argues that “more than 33 people die each day” (“Perspective” par. 1). He uses this fact to try to show that all deaths are similar. Lin argues that a CEO who “does not increase investments for investors at a satisfying rate will be voted out” (“Perspective” par. 1). It is factual without numerical figures. Firms without high-profit margins are considered poorly run. Types of appeals used by Lin Lin uses pity to make his argument believable. An author may use “pity of their readers when they need to inspire an emotion related to their argument” (Yagelski & Miller 97). Lin expresses that he “cried in bed sometimes in college” (“Loneliness” par. 1). He uses this expression to make people understand how Cho Seung might have felt. He feels emotional for one person when he does not feel emotional for the other 33 who also died. Lin appeals to the readers’ prejudice that the alienated individual has communication problems. Appealing to prejudice takes the form of using common belief (Yagelski & Miller 98). Lin argues that his “eyes might tremor, the voice might stutter, he might not feel in control of his body or face” (“Loneliness” par. 1). He mentions some of the responses associated with people with communication problems. Readers are likely to be attached to his narration as a result of appealing to prejudice. Lin appeals to tradition using corporate view on profits. Tradition has to be supported with other facts to be credible (Yagelski & Miller 98). Lin recognizes that “media existence depends on viewership size” (“Perspective” par. 1). It is a strong argument because profits depend on the size of viewership. He strengthens his argument by the fact that CEOs are fired if they cannot sustain profits. The tradition becomes credible because it is supported by facts. Lin uses the moral values that people hold about an outcome of life issues. Lin argues that he “feels capable of accepting whatever may happen to him” (“Sympathy” par. 1). It is a statement that calms the reader. He argues that “people can change things in concrete reality to reduce pain/suffering” (“Sympathy” par. 1). Morality requires people to act humanely to reduce suffering. He dismisses actions that “eliminate, isolate or quarantine anyone you feel is unlike yourself” (“Sympathy” par. 3). Such people ought to be helped rather than alienated. He uses justifiable moral values. News coverage The news coverage reports that one of the students “was taped soberly expressing shock and cognizance” (Stanley par. 2). This differs from Lin’s perception of an “automatic acceptance of pre-existing guideline” (“Sympathy” par. 2). Lin argues that people are shocked because they are expected to be shocked about such events. The news coverage uses expert judgment that categorizes the event as “narcissistic injury” (Stanley par. 3). Lin does not use an authority in his argument. According to the article, other media outlets were referring to the killings as “senseless death-as-usual” (Stanley par. 4). Lin describes the killings as confusion caused by clichés. The reporters claim the killings are senseless. Lin argues that the sadness is senseless. Lin argues that the media outlets can do anything to increase profits. The report claims that CNN posted a clip on the shootings which “recorded 1.8 million hits in a day” (Stanley par. 6). It leads to Lin’s argument about media outlets’ interest in the size of their audience. Evaluation of comments ‘Pete’ argues that quantifying emotions only eliminates subjectivity. Lin argues that sympathy should be judged by the effect it has on reducing future killings. Pete argues that sympathy is an involuntary emotion (Lin “Pete” par. 2). It is not guided by choice. Pete uses authority in his argument about sympathy and emotions. Lin emphasizes the use of quantification rather than media reports. MadisonGlass expresses his view with an expression of the suffering of one person multiplied by thirty. He concludes from this calculation that “mathematically, Cho made the wrong choice” (“MadisoGlass par. 6). MadisonGlass effectively uses opposing viewpoints. MadisonGlass argues that ignoring all major media outlets is “elevating yourself to the level by which you are the authority” (“reply” par. 3). MadisonGlass recognizes that Lin despises authority. Lin relies mostly on reasoning. Using reasoning only with the support of facts and statistics can sometimes mislead (Miller-Cochran & Rodrigo 187). ‘Steve’ uses a fallacy when he supposes that Cho Seung-Hui was sexually abused (“Steve” par. 3). Lin argues that a story is just an imagination. Steve uses the tradition where people with imaginations of sexual abuse must have been sexually molested. Lin argues that “imagining something, drawing something is not doing something” (“Concrete reality” par. 2). Steve can link the characters in the play to Cho Seung-Hui’s real life. Works Cited Lin, Tao. Cho Seung-Hui’s killing rampage . 2007. Web. Miller-Cochran, Susan & Rochelle Rodrigo. The Wadsworth Guide to Research . Mason: Cengage Learning, 2011. Stanley, Alessandra. Deadly Rampage and No Loss for Words . 2007. Web. Yagelski, Robert & Robert Miller. The Informed Argument . Belmont: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: The 12 Tenets for Social Work Practice is a concise guide to the profession's purpose and main aspects.The 12 Tenets for Social Work Practice is a concise guide to the profession's purpose and main aspects. Social workers are tasked with fighting injustice and inequality, as well as empowering others. They must be ethical, highly educated, and able to build successful communications between various agents in society.

The 12 Tenets for Social Work Practice is a concise guide to the profession's purpose and main aspects. The 12 Tenets for Social Work Practice is a concise guide to the profession's purpose and main aspects. Social workers are tasked with fighting injustice and inequality, as well as empowering others. They must be ethical, highly educated, and able to build successful communications between various agents in society.

12 Tenets for Social Work Practice Essay I think that after reading the 12 Tenets for Social Work Practice, my understanding of the profession’s purpose indeed deepened. I liked how all the main aspects of the profession are presented clearly and concisely so that they can serve as the orientation and/or reminder for every social worker. Therefore, in this paper, I would like to discuss my thoughts regarding the ideas presented in the 12 Tenets. Firstly, I understood that being ethical is the cornerstone of the social work practice. That includes not only professional conduct but also personal beliefs. For instance, only by devoting oneself to high moral principles can a person be able to truly fight injustice and inequality (7th tenet) or desire to empower others (1st tenet). Otherwise, the professional would solely follow instructions but will be unable to bring a real change to the society as working with humans always necessitates a personal approach that can hardly be regulated. On a broader scale, if many social workers are not going to be ethical, the profession would eventually deviate from its original purposes. For those reasons, being morally superior is the central part of this type of work. In this regard, it is also crucial that social workers are highly educated and can reflect on matters related to human psychology, sociology, and politics. Without proper knowledge in these spheres – which includes historical and intercultural perspectives – one cannot truly identify and understand the needs of individuals and society as a whole. More importantly, without reflections on the aforementioned matters, a professional would not be able to adequately assess the righteousness of one’s behavior. Therefore, it is argued that without a good education, social workers are unable to be effective leaders of the society, which they should be based on tenets 2,7,10, and 12. Finally, while reading the 12 Tenets, I could see the importance of the profession in building successful communications between various agents in society. In this respect, social workers can be considered as bridges that help the latter to reach an understanding and agreement. For instance, the professionals can notify the governmental institutions concerning discriminative aspects of their policies that the latter was unaware of as they do not work with people as closely as social workers do. Therefore, it can be concluded that social workers greatly impact the development of society and its institutions.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The essay discusses the concept of love and how it can be defined differently by different people. It also talks about the five love languages that have been identified by Dr. Gary Chapman, and how each of these languages can be used to communicate love.

The essay discusses the concept of love and how it can be defined differently by different people. It also talks about the five love languages that have been identified by Dr. Gary Chapman, and how each of these languages can be used to communicate love.

5 Love Languages Description Essay There is hardly anyone who would be able to give a straightforward definition of the concept of love. The view of what love is and how it works may differ substantially from person to person, as it relies upon cultural as well as family background, personal experience, and other factors. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify which of the so-called love languages is predominant in a particular person. Being aware of the love language an individual uses is helpful in adjusting the style of communication, hence establishing a better relationship. I personally both interpret and communicate love through physical touch; thus, holding hands is an outstandingly intimate gesture for me. Also, I find it insufficient to communicate remotely and need the regular presence of my partner to feel satisfied. This is presumably a manifestation of my belonging need , which means connectedness to a long-lasting and significant relationship (Wood, 2020). With a person of the same type, I will not need to change anything, as we both will apparently realize the importance of touching each other. Another language of love is acts of service, which means revealing the beloved from responsibility, put simply, doing something for them. In case I choose to date an individual willing that, I will need to overcome my laziness since they would doubtlessly regard it as indifference. I believe such an attitude to rooting in safety needs , which is actually one of the main reasons why people build personal relationships (Wood, 2020). Notably, people in whom acts of service dominate find it critical to feeling that they can rely upon their partners completely to be supported and protected. In a considerable amount of people, the prevalent love language is so-called quality time. In other words, it is essential for them to receive undivided attention from their partners, which can also be referred to as mindfulness (Wood, 2020). This concept involves careful listening, punctuality, and similar ways to show a person how important they are. For me, a relationship with an individual of such a kind would require improving my concentration, as I currently get distracted on the regular. All of the above exemplify non-verbal signals of love people can send to their beloved. Meanwhile, verbal communication , which by means of words, is another love language referred to as words of affirmation; for instance, audial people focus on what they hear before anything else (Wood, 2020). This could hardly make problems for me since I actually fancy saying compliments to my nearest and telling them about their uniqueness. Finally, to a certain share of people, receiving gifts is the most eloquent love language. It is worth noting that what actually matters is the effort behind the present, not the latter itself. Although I am rather experienced in gifting, I will have to consider cultural diversity in a relationship with a person who speaks this language (Wood, 2020). Simply put, the same tokens may have different meanings in other cultures, which may lead to misunderstandings. In conclusion, people can communicate love in several ways that are also known as love languages. To be able to build a positive and lasting relationship with an individual whose dominant love language is distinct from mine, I will have to adjust my style of social interaction. Thus, there may be a need for developing new skills like mindful listening as well as minimizing my weaknesses, in particular, laziness. Reference Wood, J.T. (2020). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters (9th Ed.). Cengage Learning, Inc.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The implementation of modern technologies in business includes not only the improvement in areas of manufacturing and distribution, majority of business processes now require significant technological abilities to ensure fast data flow. The recently introduced cloud technology radically improved the speed of business processes and introduced a variety of business tools that ease the processes in both production and services areas.The addition of advanced connectivity methods in the form of 5G networks opens new opportunities for business and new methods to increase the efficiency of business processes.

The implementation of modern technologies in business includes not only the improvement in areas of manufacturing and distribution, majority of business processes now require significant technological abilities to ensure fast data flow. The recently introduced cloud technology radically improved the speed of business processes and introduced a variety of business tools that ease the processes in both production and services areas. The addition of advanced connectivity methods in the form of 5G networks opens new opportunities for business and new methods to increase the efficiency of business processes.

5G Technology and Its Implementation in Business Essay The implementation of modern technologies in business includes not only the improvement in areas of manufacturing and distribution, majority of business processes now require significant technological abilities to ensure fast data flow. The recently introduced cloud technology radically improved the speed of business processes and introduced a variety of business tools that ease the processes in both production and services areas. The addition of advanced connectivity methods in the form of 5G networks opens new opportunities for business and new methods to increase the efficiency of business processes. However, most companies are troubled by the decision to implement new advanced connectivity technologies and repositioning current approaches. There are several solid arguments for a positive decision in implementing recent 5G technology to business. First, the broad implementation of 5G technologies could potentially lead to the creation of a unified communication platform for businesses that could overcome the shortcomings of currently available telecommunication technologies. According to Rao and Prasad (2018), the current industrial evolution 4.0 is based on cyber-physical systems and focuses on the development of intelligent systems, algorithms, and cognitive technologies. However, some businesses are still stuck on the previous steps of the industrial evolution and do not recognize the potential of implementing technologies for the business. The introduction of a network that provides support for all communication scenarios could increase business productivity through the seamless experience of services and processes like cloud data storage, data analysis, machine-type communications, customer support, etc. In addition to providing seamless communication support on all levels, the advanced connectivity technologies present an opportunity for the industry’s transformation, including the production processes. 5G technologies offer full real-time control over machine-type communications (MTC), which increases collaboration between robots and people. If previously machines and robots were able to perform simple tasks and actions, with the addition of streamlined communication, all machines would exchange data with each other, increasing the level of business autonomy. Moreover, the number of possible mistakes in the machine work could be reduced with continuous updates to the operating back-office systems and staff. According to Rico and Merino (2020), factory automation allows the business more flexibility in terms of deployment, reduces maintenance costs, and introduces higher levels of long-term reliability through initiatives like ‘time-sensitive networking’ (p. 192808). Overall, the aspect of industry transformation in 5G technologies comes from increased autonomy, which could be utilized both in the mass production of goods or in small businesses that offer daily services. As 5G technologies enable sources of effective communication, the decision-making process for high-level management could be eased with more accurate data and information about the current status of the business. 5G networks allow an improved speed of connection 10 to 100 times faster than current 4G LTE Networks. Aside from the speed, the 5G also carries an option of ‘network slicing,’ which could potentially reduce the cost of telecommunication services (Rao & Prasad, 2018, p.151). According to Zhao (2019), the background of internet accelerated speed presents new opportunities and ideas for entrepreneurs by integrating new technologies and tools into the manufacturing and development of e-commerce. Overall, in terms of increasing business efficiency, the implementation of 5G technology increases the variety of entrepreneurial choices, business models and introduces new marketing methods. Although there are positive factors affecting the decision to implement advanced connectivity technologies, there are also several drawbacks to the issue. First, the implementation requires significant financial resources for establishing a custom architecture, as unlike other types of connectivity methods, 5G networks require thorough flexible architecture development (Jabagi et al., 2020). However, the concerns about the implementation of 5G technologies are based on short-term effects, while the technology is expected to become adopted in the mainstream in the next five to ten years (Jabagi et al., 2020). This time frame states that businesses have plenty of time to perform the research and determine which specific points the 5G should improve in their case and adapt them. In addition to the number of resources required for the implementation, there is an ethical implication due to the issues of energy efficiency of 5G. In an article focused on trends and open issues in 5G, the authors, Usama and Erol-Kantarci (2019), emphasized that currently, approximately 10% of the energy consumption in the world belongs to information and communication technologies. Implementing 5G technology innovations would increase the amount of consumed energy and present a threat to the business’ sustainability. However, according to Patwary et al. (2019), further improvement in the 5G technology would solve energy efficiency as networks with dense connections would help reduce the operational cost of networks. This paper applied decision-making techniques to the implementation of 5G technologies in business, determined positive and negative factors affecting the decision implementation, and evaluated the resources required for the implementation and ethical implications. The decision-making outcomes in implementing the advanced connectivity technology include increased business autonomy, high speed of business processes, and improvements in business efficiency. Although the implementation of the decision requires a high amount of financial resources and includes energy efficiency issues, making a positive decision would pay off the expenses through increased business productivity. References Jabagi, N., Park, A., & Kietzmann, J. (2020). The 5G revolution: expectations versus reality . IT Professional, 22 (6), 8-15. Web. Patwary, M.N., Nawaz, S.J., Rahman, M.A., Sharma, S.K., Rashid, M.M., & Barnes, S.J. (2020). The potential short- and long-term disruptions and transformative impacts of 5G and beyond wireless networks: Lessons learnt from the development of a 5G testbed environment . IEEE Access, 8 , 11352-11379. Web. Rao, S.K., & Prasad, R. (2018). Impact of 5G technologies on Industry 4.0. Wireless Personal Communications, 100 , 145–159. Web. Rico, A., & Merino, P. (2020). A survey of end-to-end solutions for reliable low-latency communications in 5G networks. IEEE Access, 8, 192808-192834. Web. Usama, M., & Erol-Kantarci, M. (2019). A survey on recent trends and open issues in energy efficiency of 5G . Sensors, 19 , 1-23. Web. Zhao, X. (2019). Analysis on the construction of entrepreneur business model under the ‘Internet accelerated speed’ environment. Open Access Library Journal, 6 , 1-8. Web.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The text discusses the fact that history is always incomplete and how this can be seen in the case of September 11, 2001. It also talks about how history is always being written by those in power, which can lead to a biased perspective.

The text discusses the fact that history is always incomplete and how this can be seen in the case of September 11, 2001. It also talks about how history is always being written by those in power, which can lead to a biased perspective.

9/11 Reminder That History Is Always Incomplete Essay History relates not only to past events but to their discovery, collection, presentation, organization, and interpretation as well. The history of mankind goes along with the histories of people’s lives, global events go along with insignificant ones, and every historical event interpreted by people may be associated both with happiness and grief. My personal example is September 11, 2001, which may be defined as one of the most tragic days in American history when coordinated terrorist attacks have led to the death of thousands of innocent citizens. For the majority of people all over the world, this event is interpreted as a great disaster. However, for me, this day is associated with both pleasant and highly negative emotions. First of all, I was just recently married and was full of joy and happiness due to this event in my life. At the same time, September 11, 2001, is also a tragic day for me as for thousands of Americans as I have lost my friend who had visited the World Trade Center at the time of the attacks. Thus, history cannot be regarded in one common way as all events are interpreted by people individually on the basis of their knowledge, experience, and personal characteristics. At the same time, as a collection of events, history frequently depends on people’s social structures, culture, and beliefs. Thus, people may be left out of the historical narrative despite their contributions if their gender, race, age, or socioeconomic status are considered inferior. For instance, black women and their contributions to history were disregarded by society due to racial discrimination (Rothman, 2016). That is why history cannot be considered the same as truth – while it is made up of heroes, some extraordinary and talented people are excluded on the basis of subjective criteria. Reference Rothman, L. (2016). A reminder that ‘history’ is always incomplete. Time.

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Provide a essay that could have been the input for the following summary: The study looked at medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in films from the perspective of Bus 174. The study adopted a phenomenological case study design. The researcher looked at the various film theories and how they conceptualize image on one hand and life and death on the other. This was by using Bus 174 as the reference point.

The study looked at medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in films from the perspective of Bus 174. The study adopted a phenomenological case study design. The researcher looked at the various film theories and how they conceptualize image on one hand and life and death on the other. This was by using Bus 174 as the reference point.

A Case Study of “Bus 174 Film” by Felipe Lacerda Dissertation Abstract Medium specificity is a concept that is very common in film theory in the world of arts today. It basically means a piece of art or artistic medium that represents the characteristics and qualities of the raw material from which it is made. This study looked at medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in films from the perspective of Bus 174. The study adopted a phenomenological case study design. The researcher looked at the various film theories and how they conceptualize image on one hand and life and death on the other. This was by using Bus 174 as the reference point. Introduction Background Information Medium specificity is a concept that is popular in the film industry today. The concept can be looked at by defining the two terms that make it up and then relating them to art as media. The two terms can be defined separately so as to get a deep insight into the concept. They can be defined from the perspectives of different scholars. As Bernstein (2012) states, the word ‘specificity’ is used to describe a scenario in the arts or to depict the specific nature of events as they occur in the environment. Medium on the other hand is the original material used in making art and which is brought about through creativity on the part of the artist. The two words are also used within the context of life, death and temporality of images as far as film as a form of art is concerned. So far the researcher has looked at the two concepts differently. At this juncture, the author will look at the two words together and analyse the meaning they convey when combined. The term ‘medium specificity’ implies that the ‘character’ expressed by the work of art reflects the original ‘character’ or state of the components used in compiling it. In other words, a piece of art that is ‘medium specific’ takes the forms of the raw materials from which it was made. The two terms therefore are linked and are very significant in art today. Under different circumstances, the term ‘medium specificity’ exhibits the actual phenomenon that exists in the artistic environment. This process of imitating the actual or original raw material is referred to as the effect . It is noted that that medium specificity takes into consideration several effects. For instance, when paint is used to cover a given surface, it takes the shape of the surface being painted. The paint assumes the structure and appearance of the canvas that was used. This is how Shankel (2011) describes the relationship between materiality and the effect of characterisation. This is not to say that the paint will change the colour of the surface being painted or the canvas. The actual effect of the canvas remains the same. The final product in this case takes the form of paint and brings out the actual materiality in its art to maintain a “………close connotation of characters” (Shankel 2011). Problem Statement As already stated earlier in this paper, medium specificity is an expression that is common in contemporary film theories today. According to Bernstein (2012), the expression can be looked at by defining the two words “medium” and “specificity”. According to this author, specificity within the context of arts can be conceptualized as the “…….quality or fact (of) being specific in operation (and) effect” (Bernstein 2012, p. 1). It can also be conceptualized as the ability of a given phenomenon, object or subject to possess a specific character. On its part, medium within the context of arts can be viewed as the “……….raw material (and) mode of expression (that is used) in an artistic or creative (undertaking)” (Bernstein 2012, p. 1). Having looked at specificity and medium as distinct terms and expression in the artistic world, Bernstein turns his attention to the combination of the two words to form the term ‘medium specificity’. The latter is defined as the “…..quality of being specific (in both operation and effect) to the character of the raw material being used as a mode of artistic expression” (Bernstein 2012, p. 2). From this author’s arguments, one can conclude that medium specificity connotes an artwork that manifests the characteristics, traits and qualities of the raw material which it is made from. A case in point is a painting as an artistic media. The paint can be said to be medium specific under given circumstances. It has to be made of the paint and the surface on which the paint is spread (a phenomenon Shankel [2011] refers to as operation). The paint should also “represent and imitate” the two materials from which it is made, a phenomenon that is referred to as effect by the author (Shankel 2011). According to Bernstein (2012), medium specificity is dependent on the “distinct materiality” (p. 3) of the artistic media such as a painting or a photograph. However, it should be noted that the qualities that characterize or categorize a medium are neither irreducible nor inherent. Rather, an artistic medium such as film is more or less a tool and practices that has being structured historically. To this end, the author is going to analyse the concept and how it has been used in the film Bus 174. In addition, the author is going to analyse death, life, and temporality of images in the film. Temporality of images is a concept that is used in the film to represent tense. Tense is important as it is used to put images within a certain time frame and in a given context. What happens behind the scenes is always represented by gestures used in the film. However, this fails to account for presentness, past tense and even the future. To contextualise this point, the author will use an example in literature. For instance, book writers can go back in time and present information in the past tense whereas the film does not have the capability to shift to the past to fish out information pertaining to a particular incidence. Temporality of images becomes an important aspect of this research which will be used to depict how the film was presented. Having this idea in mind, the researcher will incorporate the thinking of various film theorists and how their arguments relate to this particular film. This is especially so on what the various thinkers have to say about temporality of images and such other issues. As already indicated, the researcher will analyse life and death in images to bring out the essence of the film. The use of images becomes a vital tool in explaining how and why the film was acted in a particular manner. Some of the most influential aspects in the presentation of the film include Bazin’s classical film theories. Film theory is a collection of frameworks and principles that interpret and explain how films are made and received both by the audience and the critics. The frameworks are not static or frozen in time and space; rather, they are dynamic phenomena that vary from one period to the other. The theories borrow from other fields such as philosophy and social sciences. Bazin is one of the most popular film critics of all time. This scholar made a case for films based on objective reality. These are for example documentaries. He also advocated for invisible directors. He argued for the use of deep focus, wide shots and such other traits of film. According to him, a film should be a manifestation of the director’s personal vision. The study then proceeds to contemporary cultural critics such as Barthes who argue for temporality of images and their unique relationship to life and in extension death. The researcher noted that modern day writers such as Mulvey and Doane had taken up this line of inquiry, arguing for a specifically cinematic form of time. The researcher analyses the ideas presented above from the perspective of Bus 174. This is a Brazilian documentary revolving around a life and death event. The documentary raises questions on both televisual and cinematic representation. Research Objectives The objectives of a given study can be taken as the aims that the researcher has in mind and which they expect to attain through the findings of the study. This research had one major objective and three specific objectives. By addressing the specific objectives, the researcher would have effectively addressed the major objective of the study. The major and specific objectives are listed below: Major Objective The major aim of the research is to analyse the film Bus 174 and find out how it depicts medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images. Specific Objectives 1. Analyse medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in arts with special focus on films 2. Analyse medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in the context of the film Bus 174 3. The research also seeks to analyse the arguments of contemporary cultural critics regarding the relationship between images, life and death and how this relationship affects contemporary films. Research Questions It is noted that that research questions are related to research objectives. This is given the fact that by answering the research questions, the researcher would have effectively achieved the objectives of the study. Therefore, like in the case of the research objectives, the current study had one major research question and three specific questions. Again by answering the specific research questions, the researcher would have effectively addressed the major research question. The major and specific research questions are listed below: Major Research Question How does the film Bus 174 reflect medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film? Specific Questions 1. How is medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images reflected in arts especially films? 2. How are medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images reflected in the film Bus 174? 3. What are some of the arguments made by both classical and contemporary film theorists with regard to medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film? 4. How are the arguments of classical and contemporary film theorists on medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images reflected in the film Bus 174? Scope and Limitations of the Study In the process of formulating the research design and collecting data for the study, the researcher identified several limitations that were inherent in the study. The limitations were both from within and from without the research design. It is not possible to address every aspect of a given topic in a single study. On realising this, the researcher found it important to focus the study in a particular area of interest. This formed the scope and limitations of the study. It was the boundary within which the study was conducted. Here are the scope and limitations of the study: 1. The research was limited to the study of medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images. This is despite the fact that images have many other characters which were left out of this study 2. The study was also limited to film as an artistic medium 3. The study was limited to the film Bus 174. This is despite the fact that there are other films that express medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images Significance of the Study In any given field, there are a number of studies that are going on at any one given time. As a result of this, any new study conducted in the field has to be justified. One way to justify the study is to identify its importance or the value that it is going to add into the field. This in other words is the significance of the study. The current study was not an exception. Following are potential practical applications of the findings of the study: 1. The findings of this study will contribute to the wealth of knowledge in this field. This is by coming up with new information 2. The findings will help film theorists and other stakeholders in relating the concepts of film theories to real life 3. The researcher will identify gaps that exists in this field and in addition make recommendations for future studies in the field In this section, the author introduced the reader to the study by addressing some of the major highlights of the research. The areas addressed include background information, problem statement, research objectives, research questions, as well as the significance of the study. This was to give the reader an idea on what the whole study was all about. In the next chapter the author is going to introduce the reader to the film Bus 174 . This is the film which the study will revolve around. In other words, it is the case for this study. Several aspects of the film will be put into perspective. These include the synopsis as well as the main themes of the film. Bus 174: The Film Introduction Bus 174 is a film depicting a life and death scenario and which was produced way back in the year 2002. It is a debut film which was directed by Jose Padilha in form of a documentary reflecting life in Brazil. In this documentary, a young man by the name Sandro Rosa do Nascimento boarded a bus plying route 174 with the intention of stealing from the passengers. The heist did not go as planned and it turned into a tragedy for the young man. The events taking place in the bus were telecasted live on national television in Brazil (Villarejo 2006, p.117). Bus 174: Synopsis The film revolves around a failed robbery in which the hijacker takes the passengers of the bus hostage to avoid being arrested by the police. This Brazilian documentary tries to analyse the scenes captured live and transmitted to the national televisions as the poor young man named Sandro do Nascimento commandeers Bus 174 . Live cameras captured almost five hours of the tense scene as the police tried their best to save the people trapped in the bus (Young 2003, p.29). As the police and television crew converge on the scene, several civilians as well as the police are interviewed on what took place prior to the hijacking. It was found that Nascimento was avenging the death of his Aunt who was killed few years ago. On top of that, he had escaped death from police who were targeting a group of young men who planned and carried out a massacre in a church in the year 1993. All this information was gathered from a person who was identified as Nascimento’s relative (Young 2003, p. 30). Nascimento took the passengers hostage as the police continued to surround the scene of crime. He assured everyone that he had no intention of killing anyone. He reported that he had no intention of harming members of the press, police, passengers as well as the civilians who were standing by. The driver escaped through the window while the police surrounded the bus. Nascimento was demanding that another driver be deployed to the scene immediately. He even asked for more weapons from the police, threatening that failure to comply with his wishes will leave him no option but to take action. At around six o’clock local time, he vowed to kill one of the passengers since none of his demands had been met (Villarejo 2006, p. 117). One hour later, Nascimento decided to attract the attention of the police and the onlookers by faking death. All along he used the passengers as human shields, a fact that prevented the police from acting. Using a 38 calibre revolver, he fired and ordered some of the passengers to act as though they have been shot dead. He called the attention of the police to this supposed execution but nothing happened. He tried to pull several pranks on the police and members of the public and the media to show his seriousness but none of his wishes were granted. Given that no driver was sent to the scene, he decided to use one of the hostages by the name of Geisa Firmo (a school teacher) as human shield to walk out of the bus. As he exited the bus, his attention was focused on one side of the crowd. He was exposed from behind but he did not know this. An armed police officer crept on him from behind. As the police was approaching the two, Nascimento turned and jerked his hostage from the grip of the police. Unfortunately he lost his balance and fell down but he still held onto the man he was using as a shield (Villarejo 2006, p. 119). On falling down, the armed police officer shot at him several times. Other police officers joined in and converged on the place where Nascimento and the teacher were lying. The shots did not meet the target given that he was still using the human shield and the police were wary. But at long last the police were able to immobilise him. The onlookers rushed to the scene to take a look at the person who had gripped their attention all this time. They shouted in unison “kill him! Kill him!” (Villarejo 2006, p.120). Nascimento was escorted to a police car under heavy guard and after sometime, it was announced that he has died. The announcement read that he died of asphyxiation meaning that he was suffocated and deprived of oxygen. Different reports indicated that he was shot dead and in fact several police officers who were in charge of the situation were charged with murder. One victim used by Nascimento was shot dead by the advancing police officers behind the culprit. There were conflicting reports as some of the media houses reported that the lady who was a school teacher was shot four times on the face. But the police on the other hand deny this claiming that she was shot just once. The media concluded that Nascimento may have been shot by the approaching police officer when they were struggling with the man on the ground. The charges that were preferred against the police were ruled out on the basis of the fact that the shooting was not intended. Bus 174: Major Themes Postmodern Documentary The term documentary can be used to describe the way truth is organised and presented to the audience. Theoretically, documentaries are moving away from the perception of reality to what photography implies. At the heart of the problem, truth must prevail. The film Bus 174 can be described as a postmodern documentary given that it is a recreation of real life event that actually took place. The movie uses imagery to represent people moving away from certain truths to an indexical relationship with the subject (Bazin 1999, p. 44). In this segment, the author is going to dwell much on the truth behind the postmodern documentary which is film Bus 174. It is obvious that the film contains some aspects that are associated with documentaries in contemporary society. This includes the use of sophisticated cameras and other photography equipments as well as depiction of some of the traits of a postmodern society. This is for example the trait of the clash between different classes in the society; the clash between the government and the governed. The creator of the movie uses images to depict how the young man (represents the common man) clashes with the police (representing those in authority) (Bazin 1999, p. 47). There are other events that clearly come out in this film. These include the illustration of Latin America as having a different cultural background from other societies in the world. Secondly the documentary incorporates some aspects of modernity which include film as well as cinematic arts. Finally the aesthetics used by the director to drive the point home are fascinating and has attracted the attention of stakeholders in the film industry as a whole (Blakeney 2009, p. 4). This film is the first in Brazilian history as far as documentation in film is concerned. The film has been made popular by the fact that the director used a sophisticated strategy to create this art. The director made use of both aesthetic and narrative components that characterise fiction to come up with this film. The art is rich with tension from the spectators at the scene of the crime as well as the audience watching the film. Some contradictions are however evident in the film. For example the focus of the film keeps shifting from the spectators around the scene and those watching the events on the live telecast (Bazin 2009, p. 59). Documentary has many features that can be found in fiction. This makes it one of the most popular forms of art in cinemas. The characteristics of the film are in line with the expectations in film making. Cultural aspects in Brazil also play a huge role in determining the kind of film that is suitable for such a generation. In this case, it is noted criminality is a common feature of this society. One of the ways to express the gap between criminal and the justice system is through the use of reality productions or documentaries like in this case (Young 2003, p.38). The Theme of Time The use of time in the film helps in presenting the state of the country in an attempt to denounce crime and injustice taking place. Use of live telecast is a presentation of the reality in the present form. Elsewhere in this paper, the author has mentioned the use of temporality in images to identify the relationship between the film and time. The reader will agree that there are different time spans that have been used in the film, for example the chronological and the psychological time spans. All this will be looked into as the author addresses the use of temporality of images in the film (Young 2003, p.41). Realism Another important theme that clearly comes out in the film Bus 174 is realism. Different films have used different methods to represent the reality in the world. Documentation has been widely used to represent real-life scenarios in a real world situation in the film Bus 174. Unlike the other methods which are predominantly used by other film producers, this film is able to capture the concept of reality. The film is said to always possess the present but according to Bazin, No matter how long a film is, every frame at the instant of its projection portrays the present – a flashback may be supposed to be occurring in the “then” of the story but it is on the “now” of the screen, just as it was in the “now” of the present mind – and any written word rests on the page, or is read, in its present tense (Bazin 2009, p. 52). The film uses time to represent events that took place long time ago. For instance, the director tells us about the past of the hijacker and which made him carry out the awful act. Theorists would say that film represents only the presentness. This does not imply that the film does not have the capacity to use time scale. Use of time scale enables the journalists from the Brazilian television crew to follow the events and analyse why they took place. Bazin who is an experienced theorist on matters that concern film confirms this, arguing, We shall begin, necessarily, with the photographic image, the primitive element of the ultimate synthesis, and go on from there to outline, if not a theory of film language based on the hypothesis of its inherent realism, at least an analysis which in no way contradicts it (Bazin, 1958 p.59). This statement is inconsistent with the fact that for the medium to be effectively presented, the images needs to be manipulated to fit in the mind of the viewer and to make sense while extracting truth. This inherent reality influences the work of the director in the film Bus 174 where he has the ability to manipulate the images to reflect what is happening beyond the filmic world for the viewers. The author of this paper introduced the reader to the film which is the main focus of this study. A brief introduction to the film Bus 174 was provided including a synopsis which was put into perspective to make sure that when the author embarks on the analysis of the film in relation to medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film, the reader will understand fully where the author is coming from. The author has also shed light on some of the themes in the film. In the next chapter, the author is going to engage the reader in a discourse touching on the concepts of medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film with special focus on the film Bus 174 . The relationship between film and other artistic media such as photography, video and television among others will also be analysed. Medium Specificity, Life, Death and Temporality of Images in Film Introduction Having discussed the film Bus 174 in the previous section, the researcher will now turn to the issue of medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in media and especially in film. Special focus will be given to Bus 174 given that it is the case for this study. Film as an art is a process through which static or motionless objects are put into motion (Uroskie 2003, p. 2). The images are then recorded in a photographic film with the help of a camera. The pictures may also be put into motion through the use of animation techniques which is also a way of making films. Medium Specificity: An Overview Medium specificity is the nature of any photographic techniques that are use to put images into motion. Medium specificity exists in two different components which are internal and comparative components. Comparative medium specificity compares what a given medium is capable of doing compared to other media. This is for example what a canvas used in drawing is capable of doing as compared to a screen used in film. The film Bus 174 is an analysis of a live news telecast which is streamed through more than one channel in Brazilian televisions. This is different from a canvas that is used by an artist in capturing an image. Internal medium on the other hand allows the medium to perform different actions in areas of its specificity. Doing better in this context is the live documentation of images in the film. Compared to other predominantly used film categories, documentation has been used perfectly to address the desire of pointing out the social menace in the country. The art of film making is to be found in different cultures in the world. This diversity gives rise to specific artistic characteristics that vary from one culture to the other. This means that the film industry as an artistic media is appreciated by people from different cultural backgrounds. Film has been used to portray the kind of culture adopted by a particular society. For example in the film Bus 174 there are various cultural traits that are expressed by the film. On the other hand, the film affects culture by altering the behavioural patterns of people in the society (Uroskie 2003, p. 3). To this end, film as an artistic media is used in different ways. It is both a source of entertainment and an educational tool too. In most cases, it has been used to instil cultural values in members of the society in a given country. The author of this paper notes that film is a collection of images referred to as frames. It is noted that most of the times, these images stick to the mind of the individual viewer even after it has been removed. Medium Specificity in Film In chapter one, the author defined medium specificity as a process whereby art is constituted to reflect all the characteristics of the raw material. This concept is linked to modernism even though it appeared in the art scene much earlier with the contribution of veteran artists such as Clement Greenberg. He encouraged the use of the term by film and art critics to analyse both aesthetics and art itself (Cubitt et al. 2012, p. 4). Manipulation of characters in a given work of art with the view of reflecting the medium is the basis of medium specificity. Bus 174 is an example of film that has several attributes which indicate or represent medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film. An objective view of reality is presented in the film by using a direct mode of cinema to reflect the actual and live activities in the film. The footage allows Sandro’s actions to be viewed live but his actions cannot be explained. The director uses the direct interview medium by digging into the past to explain the current actions of the hijacker. The media presence in the location influences Sandro’s actions, motivating him and giving him confidence in what he is doing. Media presence has been used by the director to report on the firsthand information without even editing the actions. This tells how medium specificity has been manipulated to give the viewer a personal interpretation of the reality in Brazil. Elements of medium specificity are used in the film to depict the unknown events behind the hijacking incidence. The insight is achieved by interviews as well as testimonies to show medium specificity. Documentaries have made it possible to employ medium specificity in films and other forms of art. It makes it possible to develop and employ features that are used in fiction and narrative forms of art. Features have been used to replace lies and with the emergence of technology, observers and members of the audience are not given the opportunity to interpret the contents of the film (Bernstein 2012, p. 17). Several theorists have contested the fact that directors working in the production of a given film need to be guided by their own vision in the process. This gives the observers a chance to employ an array of analytical techniques as they evaluate and criticise the work of the writer and the director of the film. Relationship between Media Images, Life, Death and Temporality in the Context of Bus 174 Death in film is a realistic phenomenon that needs to be captured with professionalism. Medium specificity as it has been analysed elsewhere in this paper requires the image to represent the view as it would have appeared in a real life situation. For example a reality show illustrates all the scenes as they occur in a real life situation. Images are not manipulated to suit the viewer’s interpretations but to allow the director to express his vision in the film (Campany 2009, p. 25). The film Bus 174 was recorded two years after the hijacking incident took place. The directors found it important to refine the images to suit the cinematic view required for the film. This required appropriate sound effects with background information leading from one incident to the other. This way, the director was able to give the images life, depicting the close relationship between images and life. The quality of images is complemented by the quality of the background sound in the film. In other words, the sounds give life to the images. Death is also a theme in the film as it is illustrated by the hijacker. He uses fellow human beings to shield himself from the police. As the police from the park approach Nascimento from behind, he fires at them but misses his target. Instead, the lady Nascimento was using as a shield was shot in the face. Death in the film takes a temporal part as the incidence shows that the hijacker is determined to kill. But his actions demonstrate something different from what the audience is expecting from him. Instead of killing the lady, Nascimento uses his hands to embrace the lady on her neck. All these scenarios depict life and death and they are used to illustrate the behaviour of the images used in the film (Campany 2009, p. 19). In such scenes, it is noted that the director is using images to express life and death. From an abstract perspective, it is noted that the director is able to create a link between life, death and images. This is given the fact that images are used to illustrate life and death. Temporality is another aspect of this film. It has been used in the documentary to illustrate the truth by building on the evidence gathered from the scene as opposed to contradictions from various individuals in the area whom are interviewed by the media. Even though they give all that information, the viewers are taken back to the hijack scene which where the director shows them the kind of person the hijacker is. Relationship between Film and other Forms of Media such as Video, Photography and Television Film is related to other forms of media in many ways. The author of this paper is going to focus on just a few aspects which will help in analysing how the film Bus 174 is related to the other forms of media. Camera Lucida which is associated with Bathes illustrates the tautological aspect of photograph as a form of art. To put it in another way, photographs display “…….along with them their own reference ” (Bernstein 2012, p 12). The observer does not need explicit details to reference the image on the photograph. Television on the other hand is another way through which motion pictures as well as still objects are displayed. In many cases, television is a stream of live objects and events as they occur in the environment. Television is different from film since the images and other aspects like background sound and background information have been refined. To this end, it can be argued that the life, death and temporality of images in film vary from that of images in television. This is given the fact that the directors give the images life using different strategies. The background sound and information which are used to give the images life vary between film and television. As noted earlier, the background sound and information in television is more refined than it is in films. Regardless of these subtle differences, both film and television present the viewer with information. But television images lack the multiple interpretations that are present in film images. To this end, it can be argued that images in television are more temporal as compared to images in films such as Bus 174. On this point, theorists contend that film directors should have a personal vision of the film. Video is closely related to film as a form of art. It is noted that the relationship between video and film is closer than that between film and other forms of artistic media such as television. After episodes of the ‘bus174’ incident were streamed live in the televisions, most of the audience did appreciate the concerns of the young man who had hijacked the bus. Two years later the episode was crafted into a cinematic form of art so as to capture other aspects such as sound, light and even background activities (Gaut 2010, p. 7). In this chapter, the researcher analysed some of the attributes of film as an artistic medium. To this end, the researcher looked at aspects such as medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film. Bus 174 was used as the point of reference for this chapter and of course the whole paper. In the next chapter, the researcher will analyse film theory from the perspective of different scholars. The agreements and disagreements between these authors will be analysed and where possible, efforts made to resolve them. Film Theory and Bus 174 Introduction The basic concept in a film is the ability to give human mind another opportunity to record what was viewed even after the actual viewing has taken place. This is what is referred to as the indexical relationship between the images in reference to life and death in the film. However, documentaries in general lack the ability to present the incident and imagery concept of the events. Hence there is need to manipulate the images to achieve the aspect of medium specificity in the film Bus 174. The film starts with raw news telecast live but more events are incorporated as the film goes on. The director of the film imposed the use of archived news’ casts to balance between current narration and past incidents. Film theory comes into play with reference to Barthes Roland in the use of myth as a language in the film. In this case, use of narration is blocking or dehistoricising the documentation process. In the current media process, archival footage is the living evidence of all aspects of viewing. Young D. defines archival footage as…..…recovered actuality footage incorporated into a secondary text… that was not recorded for the specific purpose of being included in the film……. (p.4) The postmodern documentary has given film directors a myriad of options since they can fabricate images and truths to achieve reduced distinction between fiction and documentary. Analysing Roland’s myth theory today and its implications in the film Bus 174, the author finds that there is the significant use of initial raw material. As far as myths are concerned, there is need to present them in a collection of signs that are important to the entire process. For example, the director of the film Bus 174 talks about the prison guards but according to theory of myths, it is all about the corrupt political regime. On the second collection of signs implicating myth, the director of the film talks about the former news footage archives by stating that the prison guards are always corrupt (Bernstein 2012). Theoretical frameworks have been used in film studies to analyse several aspects of film as a form of art (Bazin 1978, p. 4). Ricciotto Canudo is one of the earliest scholars to have come up with theoretical frameworks in film studies. His first theory was applied on the birth of the sixth art. Other theorists have argued that film is different from reality but they agree on the fact that film is a valid form of art (Bazin 1978, p. 8). Just like paintings, music, sculptures or videos, a film is used to represent the reality in the society and as such, it can be said to be a true form of artistic media. From these arguments emerged Bazin’s theory which differed from other theories as he contended that film was able to manipulate reality “……..and not different from reality as the other theorists argued” (Bazin 1999, p. 54). He argued on the basis of reality hence the emergence of the realist theory. Though there are other recent theoretical frameworks which are significantly different, in this section the researcher is going to dwell on Bazin’s classical film theory in attempts to analyse the film Bus 174 . Andre Bazin’s Film Style Theory Although Bazin died in 1958, his contribution becomes an important aspect in this film through his expertise in film concepts. His works has elicited criticism from all sides and it becomes important in analysing this film. As a theorist, he is a person to reckon with when it comes to matters to do with film concepts. Film theory entails looking for correspondence between images and realities when the camera is rolling. This kind of concept is being used in films today. According to Bazin, it restricts stylistic manipulation in attempts to fabricate the images. Bazin’s argument in this theory is based on ethical consideration. For example, the ethical issues in Brazil play an important role in the context of Bazin’s theory of film. The film also makes use of cinematography where it utilises the concept to bring into focus the views of all people and exhaust the information. Other models as far as realism is concerned include documentary, Italian, neo-realism and finally the perceptual realism. Realism in general expresses the existence of reality in human life. The existence of reality varies from one individual to the other and from one place to the other. This is to say that what is considered reality in one society or community may not be regarded as such in another society. For example in the film Bus 174, crime and police brutality are depicted as realities in the Brazilian society. This may not be the case in other societies in the world (Bazin 1999, p.31). The philosophy of realism has been narrowed down to include reality in theatrical arts. Bazin being one of the philosophers as well as a film critic in early society has made major contributions to film theory. His contributions have influenced other people in the field. Bazin has come up with many arguments and contends that film is supposed to exhibit multiple interpretations to capture the mind of the observer. He did not agree with other theorists such as Pudovkin who claimed that film making encompasses the use of hypothetical points of view. This is limited to observers in the film. On the contrary, Bazin approached the point by stating that film makers need to focus more on the film’s starting point. Even though this approach was ideal in the film making industry, Bazin opposed Pudovkin’s arguments (Bazin 2009, p. 22). Bazin argues for sound manipulation to bring to bear the aspect of temporality of images in film and other artistic media. This is the basis of realism as there will is no intention of creating expressions to drive the point home. In addition, there is also the importance of applying space and depth to create reality as opposed to director’s point of view. In the case of the Bus 174 , the directors used various strategies to address the view of the observers. For example have the media interview members of the public are a move to show that interpretation of events is left to the observer and not the director. In this case, it is the director’s vision which will be used if the viewer interprets the scenario. Several social aspects are evident in the film and the director has used visions display them to the public. The public is then left to interpret the issues and problems in the society as the reality is presented in almost all telecast media in the Brazil. Bazin’s views can be used to interpret the events taking place in the film. He further argues that the film makers should rather use reality as opposed to image. He draws a sharp distinction between those directors who use image and the others who use reality in their film (Bazin 2009, p. 23). Reality is very much evident in the film used as case study in this research. The film has captured the real life scenarios as they took place on the ground. Of further significance is the fact that the images were moulded live on the national televisions. The viewers were able to give their opinions regarding what was happening in the scene, both in the real life situation and in the film scenario. To this end, it can be argued that the film directors were able to give the images life by eliciting the interest of the members of the public. Bazin continues to argue that reality gives a film the credit that it deserves. On the other hand he accepts the fact that films are moulded on montage foundation even though the still images are not sufficient to create film scenes without the help of juxtaposition (Bazin 2009, p. 24). Editing of the film images denies them the ability to depict reality and hence the realism theory. Bazin’s theory contains elements that support reality. One of it is the use of sound and sound effects. In the film Bus 174 sound is altered to capture the explosion of bullets and how they were fired. Sound is also evident where the crowd yells at the police to kill Nascimento. The dramatic acts in the film are not exaggerated at all unlike the justice system in Brazil which is exaggerated to capture the attention of the viewers. This is what Phadilha (the director of the film) is trying to show. The viewers are expected to pick on the contradicting reports that the police are giving concerning the case of the hijacker. The environment of the film is natural as there are no artificial items or aspects introduced in the setting. The medium takes the viewer through a series of scenes including the life in Brazilian slums and some of the reasons that drove Nascimento to commit the crime. The onlookers on the scene cannot see this but those following the events on national televisions can interpret what is happening from one act to the other. Bazin’s theory in such a case argues to the contrary indicating that in an artificial film the images have been manipulated to influence the viewers’ interpretations. The film in this case is appropriate as it allows the viewers to make open ended interpretations. Strengths and Weaknesses of Bazin’s Theory in the Context of Bus 174 Bazin’s theory has some strengths and weaknesses which are clearly seen throughout his arguments. The major strength is the ability of the theory to identify ethical issues in the society, like those depicted in the film Bus 174. Here, the emphasis is on the film maker and the viewer who is able to support refute the events going on in the society, giving them a chance to correct them. This is the main strength of the theory as far as this film is concerned. Another important and vital ingredient of the theory and which is employed in the film is the ability to use the three dimensional concept. This is from a perceptual point of view another form of realistic theory. In addition, acoustic information is relayed in a very clear manner as opposed to other film concepts in different film theories. The theory’s focus on cinematography gives the director the chance to convey the information relating to every day’s life. In spite of this, the theory contains some weaknesses that may negatively affect the arguments made and its contributions to this film. First, the concept typifies only a small number of films which makes it difficult for different directors to use the same concepts in address issues across the continuum. Transformative elements deny the film the ability to depict some important events and this represents another weakness of Bazin’s theory of realist. For example, the onlookers can only see what is happening but they are not filled in on what led to the action. They angrily support the police encouraging them to kill the hijacker. But with the media around the scene, the hijacker is confident enough as he is aware that the world is watching. Those who are watching through the media are provided with information unlike the onlookers (Bernstein 2012, p. 22). In his film theory, Bazin contradicts his interpretations of film as an artistic media. To begin with he brings the montage aspect into scrutiny and denounces the aspect of editing. He argues that editing of the images deny the viewer the chance to interpret the correct and real scenarios in the field. The life of the film images is affected by the editing or so Bazin argues. This being the case, he agrees that the use of montage has given the directors an opportunity to help the viewers make adequate and accurate conclusions about the themes of the film. The whole of Bazin’s classical theory as far as film is concerned places more emphasis the reality of imagery art. This is where the strength of the theory lies. He contended that the director needs to address his vision in the film and on the other hand the observers or members of the audience need to employ multiple interpretation techniques to make sense of what is happening to the real objects. In the case of the film used in this study reality is expressed where the director of the film tries to theorise on the life of the rich people as well as the poor people in a Brazilian society. The conflict between crime and justice the justice system is a normal occurrence for the low earning citizens of the Brazilian society. The rich do not use bus to commute between work and home. This being the case, it can be argued that Nascimento hijacked poor people to whom he is related. The justice system in the country is seen to be strict and hard on the poor people too. The lady is shot when the police officers on the scene are trying to kill Nascimento. Bazin’s theory at this juncture gives the viewers the opportunity to ponder on what befalls a particular group of people in the society. Having looked at Bazin’s classical film theory, the author will now shift their attention to other contemporary film theorists and relate their arguments to the film bus 174 . Contemporary Film Theorists Roland Barthes Roland Barthes is another important figure as far as literary theory is concerned. His theories have been applied in different fields in spite of the fact that he was a writer. One of his major influences in artistic media comes from his theory explaining the various attributes of photography. This theory plays an important role in this case study. He showed that photography could be used to reveal naturalistic truths in a particular society. To this end, he engaged himself in writing about photography and the issues surrounding this form of artistic medium. Some of his works include the camera Lucida which postulates the use of image and interpretation of the same. Two words emerge in Barthes’ interpretation of a photograph as a medium. These are stadium and punctum where the latter implies the symbol used to represent truth while the former implies interpretation of the photograph on the part of the viewer. The contributions made by this theorist were instigated by his mother’s death after which he resolved to use photography to investigate and learn more about nature. To this end he used photography to show how the image can affect the spectator. The interaction between the viewer and the image gives the latter an aura of life, death and temporality. As the researcher has already stated in this paper, the stadium was a representation of the cultural aspect of the photograph. This idea can be used to analyse the film used as the case for this study. The use of photography in the film Bus 174 has elicited mixed reactions and tension from the observers. As the media delves into the live interviews, photographic images were used to illustrate the different forms of life within and without the Brazilian society. The other term punctum depicts the close relationship between the hijacker and the environment within which the crime was committed. Therefore, Roland attempts to bring out the relationship between the object in the photograph and the surrounding environment. This is how he gives his images life. The camera Lucida compilation was like a eulogy for his mother. Reality was used here as the theorist used photographic images to reflect death. It is also important to note that Roland died shortly after publishing his work. Here, a link between photographic image and death is evident as it appears that the scholar wrote his own eulogy using the images in the photographs. Bus 174 brings to life all the scenes that were captured as live images on camera. Viewers are given the chance to see the events live as they occurred on the ground. Temporality of images in the film appears to hog the limelight as far as Roland’s Camera Lucida is concerned. Documentary is at its best when the temporality of images depicts the realist nature of the film. It is noted that reality in this case is captured and appears in the form of medium specificity. Laura Mulvey and Ann Doane: A Critique of Cinematic Concepts The feminist models are part of theories that are suggested in making a film. In making a film, gender is used to depict incidences that postulate preferences which can connect various issues in the film. For example, the film Bus 174 has used women to link social practices and mentalities. The images of women used in the film are put there by men. The good thing with this theory is that it insists on gender preferences used to drive the interaction of images from one point to another in the film. Hence, Laura Mulvey and Ann Doane are important theorists in this film. These two scholars are feminist theorists contesting the cinematic apparatus used in the film to make women appear as the major objects of attraction. Mulvey argues that women are specifically identified as objects to be desired. No wonder the hijacker used a female school teacher to distract the attention of the police and to avoid being shot. On their part, the police fired and unfortunately the woman was killed. The documentary vividly depicts this aspect when the director attempts to provide a reflection on the position of women in the society. Reality speaks for itself as the woman falls down on being shot. Mulvey’s works on visual pleasure and narrative cinema argue that men are seen as the ones driving the film, making it move forward. Mulvey and her colleagues thought that cinematic concepts are supposed to portray a symbolic medium in which the audience are portrayed as bourgeois objects . To further support their arguments, a psychoanalysis approach centering on gender as a visual apparatus is adopted. Ann Doane on the other hand likens this to a visual gaze as men are identified as the spectators in this case. Conclusions and Recommendations Having looked at the case study carefully, it is now time to draw conclusions as far as medium specificity, life, death and temporality of images in film is concerned. In relation to the film Bus 174 , the researcher notes that there are several conclusions that can be drawn from the whole documentary. Bus 174 clearly illustrates how facts and images are represented in both televisual as well as cinematic artistic media. As far as televisual presentation of images is concerned, it is noted that facts have been captured and telecasted live to almost all televisions networks in Brazil. This gave the viewers a chance to have a personal encounter or experience with the actual event that was taking place. The media personnel were strategically placed together with their instruments to be able to capture all the events that were taking place (Gaut 2010, p. 18). Televisual aspect is illustrated with the use of actual images as the camera captures them and creates photographs from the events taking place in the field. It is not fiction per se as it is obvious that most of the scenes have not been interfered with. Questions arose from the film as the episodes continued to be aired. Journalists continued to interview people and this seemed to lead them into the truth of the matter. Police were interviewed as well together with the street children who provided the observer with an opportunity to interpret social decomposition in the society. There was no editing carried out to manipulate the images for the sake of the audience. This exposed the truth behind the event through a discourse on sobriety. Post modern cinema has been used mainly to reflect the culture of post modern society. On its part, Bus 174 appears to illustrate modernism in the society as opposed to post modernism. This society is characterised by many people with different needs leading to mass consumption. The consumption changes with technology and the use of reality documentaries illustrates the true nature of all the scenes without creating illusions. This is what modernism requires and the documentary seems to achieve it fully. Violence in contemporary society is also reflected along with other social problems. If fiction was used to create this artistic medium, the information provided may not have exposed what really exists in the society today. Temporality of images comes to the rescue and enhances the ability of medium specificity to present the truth to the audience. For cinematic purposes, the visual element is represented through the use of temporality to address aspects such as background sound, lighting and such others. This is where the difference between televisual casting and cinematic presentation comes in. Both are films drawn from a real life event but adjustments are made to include sounds and lighting to create surreal scenery that closely resembles the real environment (Gaut 2010, p. 21). There is no need to manipulate the Images in both cases. However, cinematic presentation alters the blurred images to reflect actual ones as they would appear in the initial place or the material they were harvested from. The cultural ambiguities and controversies that exist are illustrated well in the cinematic presentation of images. For example the rise of a hero is substituted with anti heroism to misrepresent the social problems. It could have been appropriate if the hijacker was able to present the views of the downtrodden members of the society like himself rather than attacking his ilk. Finally, self reflective components give the film an aesthetic touch as the images that are deemed to be against the law are made open to the viewers. Bus 174 was perfect for this because it captured the attention of the viewers as well as the aesthetics of the situation. In addition dramatic elements and suspense contributed significantly to the success of the film. References Bazin, A 1978, Orson Welles: a critical view, Harper and Row, New York. Bazin, A 1999, The evolution of the language of cinema, Free Press, New York. Bazin, A 2009, What is cinema? Caboose, Montreal. Bernstein, BE 2012, Medium specificity, Free Press, New York. Blakeney, K 2009, ‘An analysis of film critic Andre Bazin’s views on expressionism and realism in film’, Film and Cinema, vol. 1 no. 12, pp. 1-10. Campany, D 2009, Photography and cinema, Free Press, New York. Cubitt, S Palmer, D & Walkling, L (2012), ‘Reflections on medium specificity occasioned by the symposium Digital Light: Technique, Technology, Creation, Melbourne, 2011’, MIRAJ, vol. 1 no. 1, pp. 31-37. Gaut, B 2010, A philosophy of cinematic art, Cambridge UP, Cambridge. Shankel, N 2011, The relationship between film and television medium today, Harper and Row, New York. Uroskie, AV 2003, ‘Film as film and cinema: towards an expanded conception of medium’, The Arts in Question, Spring 2003. Villarejo, A 2006, ‘Bus 174 and the living present’, Cinema Journal, vol. 46 no. 1, pp. 115-120. Young, D 2003, Bus 174, Free Press, New York.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: "A young woman's relationship with her bedridden father is depicted in this short story. The daughter, a writer, shares her stories with her father, who reproaches his daughter for not following a straightforward plot. The two individuals seem to share a love for storytelling and writing.""A young woman's relationship with her bedridden father is depicted in this short story. The daughter, a writer, shares her stories with her father, who reproaches his daughter for not

"A young woman's relationship with her bedridden father is depicted in this short story. The daughter, a writer, shares her stories with her father, who reproaches his daughter for not following a straightforward plot. The two individuals seem to share a love for storytelling and writing." "A young woman's relationship with her bedridden father is depicted in this short story. The daughter, a writer, shares her stories with her father, who reproaches his daughter for not

“A Conversation with My Father” Story by Grace Paley Essay “A Conversation with My Father” is a short story by Grace Paley about a relationship between a young woman and her elderly father. The lady is a writer, and she shares her stories with her bedridden father, who reproaches his daughter for not following a straightforward plot. The two individuals seem to share a love for storytelling and writing (Paley, 1972). Both wish that each of them could understand the other person’s preferred way of writing. In particular, the father is disturbed and dissatisfied that the daughter’s story lacks a perfect ending as most tragic stories do not. An exciting and notable aspect of “A Conversation with My Father” is the style and technique used. Paley chose to write the story in the first person to depict the connection between the author and the story. In such stories, a reader always experiences difficulty in differentiating the author’s assertions from the character’s ones. Possibly, Paley selected the technique for her describing her real-life challenges. Based on the historical context of the writing, it was created at the time when women were fighting for their rights, yet society was not ready for their opinions. It is possible that Paley utilized the opportunity to describe how she felt whenever her father failed to approve of her ideas, even when she knew she was right. The style of telling a story within a story makes Paley’s work captivating. Two versions of the story are found within the main story. Other than the technique demonstrating the author’s exceptional emotional depth and profound intelligence, it contrasts Paley’s ending of the story with her father’s one. Without the stories, the audience could not understand how the father wanted his daughter to end the story. Additionally, two stories provide authors with a chance to experience the daughter’s imaginative levels. Thus, “A Conversation with My Father” is among the most interesting, creative, and mind-provoking short stories based on the techniques utilized to present it. Reference Paley, G. (1972). A Conversation with My Father. Web.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: Addams discusses the function of the social settlement and how it has evolved over time. He also talks about the dangers of the settlement's approach to knowledge and how it can lead to downfall.

Addams discusses the function of the social settlement and how it has evolved over time. He also talks about the dangers of the settlement's approach to knowledge and how it can lead to downfall.

A Function of the Social Settlement Critique Essay In the article “A function of the Social Settlement,” Addams (1899), argues that a group of people has stood out not to help solve problems facing society but rather to establish the extent of using the knowledge they possess. The group being discussed in the article refers to themselves as settlement. While this article has attributed social problems faced by the society having these settlements, the author has been limited to consider how they have aided in societal development. Addams further points out and defends this by figuring out how actions/deeds give possible and practical results than the idea contained in the theoretical aspect. However, the author fails to grasp the sequence of events involved in transforming knowledge into actions. A settlement belief is cited from the society’s norms and doctrines. Without having an idea of assembling the required tools to resolve a particular problem, even in possession of knowledge would be unhelpful and insightful. For instance, a lecture on astronomy would benefit the audience when presented in colorful slides to pass on the idea of our solar system compared to the analytical approach it (Adams, 1899). Knowledge is purely based on ideas, and the two are inseparable. The author claims that the settlement is susceptible to dangers of downfall due to their approach and stand on knowledge. However, in a broader sense, failure is quite unlikely to occur because of the integration of knowledge they have and the ideas they apply. The article has covered various social challenges modern society is faced with while dealing with the settlement. These challenges have resulted in the existence of different classes of people separated by their ideologies. However, the presence of this settlement, driven by an urge of deeds, has resulted in the birth of several research centers and education facilities. Future generation need to consider assimilating them to obtain skills meant for society’s development. Reference Addams, J. (1899). A function of the social settlement. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 13 (3), 33-55.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: This text discusses the purpose of a lab report for a microbiology class, and how it can be used to learn laboratory skills through culturing procedures and studying the results of incubation.

This text discusses the purpose of a lab report for a microbiology class, and how it can be used to learn laboratory skills through culturing procedures and studying the results of incubation.

A Lab Report for Microbiology Class Report Table of Contents 1. Purpose 2. Inoculation on Broth 3. Inoculation on Agar Slant 4. Inoculation on Agar Plate by Streak-Plate Method 5. Reference Purpose The purpose of this laboratory work was to learn laboratory skills through culturing procedures and studying the results of incubation. Two microorganisms ( E. coli and S. epidermidis ) were used for this work and were inoculated on three different media: broth, slanted agar, and agar plate by the streak-plate method. Based on the results of these inoculations, the differences in culturing the organisms were studied, and the advantages and disadvantages of each inoculation method were discussed. Inoculation on Broth Inoculation on broth is the cultivation of microorganisms on non-solid surfaces. The main advantage of this microbiological method is the different concentrations of nutrients and oxygen at different levels of the depth of the beaker: this allows bacteria with different aerotolerant needs to grow. In addition, it allows for a large stock of microorganisms for the studies. In contrast, through the broth, it becomes impossible to determine the purity of the culture grown and separate the bacteria from each other qualitatively. Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium was chosen for inoculation in this study: both E. coli and S. epidermidis were cultured in this broth at 37℃ under constant agitation for 18-24 hours. To prepare TSB, 3 g of TSB powder is dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water while stirring on a magnetic stirrer as standard. Then, 10 mL of medium is placed in a glass test tube and autoclaved at 121℃ for 15 minutes: after that, the test tubes are cooled without direct exposure to sunlight. For cultivation, the broth temperature should be equal to room temperature. Inoculation on Agar Slant Inoculation on slant agar is used to establish a stock of bacteria for future studies, but its applicability is also realized for mixture differentiation. The advantages of this method are the creation of sterile conditions — by the aseptic technique — for long-term storage of microorganisms without the possibility of drying out. The key disadvantages of growth on slant agar are less visibility of the culture and, consequently, worse observability of their dynamics, and the inability to obtain large stocks of bacterial cultures. For culturing E. coli and S. epidermidis , Tryptic Soy Agar Slants medium was chosen, whose preparation does not differ from TSB. The same ingredients in the same amount are used to make the TSA medium, but the broth is poured into tubes at an inclination for solidification after autoclaving is completed. It is acceptable to add defibrinated pureblood without bubbles if hemolysis is investigated in a clinical setting. The two pathogens are cultured at 37℃ for 18-24 hours. Inoculation on Agar Plate by Streak-Plate Method Finally, cultivation on an agar plate by streak-plate method to isolate individual bacteria on a nutrient medium. The advantage of this method is that separate and independent colonies can grow on a plate; hence it saves laboratory resources and allows more efficient use of the dishes. Consequently, it is possible to distinguish pure colonies. However, disadvantages of this method include the possibility of cross-infection, difficulty in counting concentrations, and the inability to grow obligate organisms using this method (Tankeshwar, 2013). In this work, Tryptic Soy Agar medium was again used to cultivate E. coli and S. epidermidis with the difference that the liquid broth was poured into Petri dishes, and cultivation was performed via the streak-plate method. Consequently, the ingredients for preparation were not different, although the procedure for creating the medium was slightly modified. Incubation conditions are also the same and are 37℃ for 18-24 hours. Reference Tankeshwar, A. (2013). Chocolate agar: Composition, preparation, uses . Microbe Online. Web.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The problems of raising children in dysfunctional families and the consequences of such upbringing require the attention of the authorities. Alcoholic parents or those parents who beat their children risk losing the right to educate them if an offense is registered once or several times. Under the recently introduced policy of the Department of Job and Family Services, these children will be placed in foster homes until it is determined that the parents have received mental health and addiction treatment.

The problems of raising children in dysfunctional families and the consequences of such upbringing require the attention of the authorities. Alcoholic parents or those parents who beat their children risk losing the right to educate them if an offense is registered once or several times. Under the recently introduced policy of the Department of Job and Family Services, these children will be placed in foster homes until it is determined that the parents have received mental health and addiction treatment.

A Policy Analysis Regarding the Issue of Child Endangerment Essay The problems of raising children in dysfunctional families and the consequences of such upbringing require the attention of the authorities. Alcoholic parents or those parents who beat their children risk losing the right to educate them if an offense is registered once or several times. Under the recently introduced policy of the Department of Job and Family Services, these children will be placed in foster homes until it is determined that the parents have received mental health and addiction treatment. The authorities have implemented such provisions based on social learning theory. According to this theory, human behavior is conditioned by the constant mutual influence of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. The risk of a person’s involvement in criminal activity is higher if this person is in a certain way already connected with illegal structures. The forthcoming implementation of the policy raises specific ethical issues that cannot be ignored as they directly affect the well-being of children. Although there are positive consequences of such an attempt to eliminate the threat to children, there are still risks of mental health deterioration due to their separation from the family and other negative consequences. For children, being in a family where they are subjected to physical or mental violence is unsafe for their health. For example, child abuse in the family contributes to the spread of exposure to trauma at several levels of a child’s ecology (Rosen et al., 2018). Domestic abuse increases the child’s chances of suicidal thoughts and attempts (Lippard & Nemeroff, 2020). Children who were mentally, physically, and sexually abused in childhood have problems with memory in adulthood: reduced attention, visual and numerical information is poorly remembered (Dodaj et al., 2017). The registration of cases of abuse by parents and the subsequent removal of children from families is a radical step in solving the problem of violence against children in the family. However, it can be stressful for a child to be taken out of the family. There is no guarantee that children in a foster family will not be bullied and given proper care. The guardianship authorities work with potential adoptive parents to determine the sanity, financial condition, and reliability of future adoptive parents. However, there is always a risk that a child from one dysfunctional family will end up in another equally unreliable one. Moreover, when children are taken away from the family, the likelihood that they are already mentally traumatized is high. The kids will need the help of a psychotherapist, although there is no information in the program about the provision of a specialist by family support services. Thus, it is not easy to describe this policy as ethical since many aspects of the child’s well-being are overlooked. Even though the child’s parents may be alcoholics and drug addicts, many children love their parents suffering from addictions and are not ready to refuse to communicate with them for six months. During this period, the child may be able to establish a friendly relationship with the foster family. Returning to a relative who has undergone therapy can be difficult because the child will be attached to the foster family members. During the analysis of the implemented policy, it seems that children’s emotional attachment issues are ignored as it becomes more important to fulfill the task of limiting contact with abusive parents. However, if one of the tasks is to provide the child with a high level of well-being, the issues of his emotional state when parting with his foster and blood family should be considered. From the point of view of influence on society, this policy has predominantly positive consequences. Knowing that if it is revealed that child abuse is happening in the family, the children can be taken away, the likelihood that parents will continue to abuse children will decrease. However, the possibility that child abuse will become latent should not be overlooked. There are cases when people did not realize that a child is being tortured in a neighboring house because they did not hear the screams. The walls were too dense, and there were soundproofed. No traces of physical impact on the child were discovered due to the unique hitting technique used by abusing parents. It is necessary to provide additional measures of influence to prevent such a transition of violence into a latent state. In addition, speaking about the impact of the implemented policy on society, it should be noted that most likely, the neighbors will be more attentive to what is happening in the nearby houses. It is possible that due to negative relationships between family members of different homes, someone could falsely inform the guardianship authorities that neighbors are abusing alcohol or drugs. It is worth ensuring that such claims are checked for validity before decisions are made regarding the child’s fate. The emergence of a more attentive society is a positive consequence. Still, the adverse outcomes of the policy should also be borne in mind. Since the Department’s policy is based on social learning theory, it is necessary to analyze the essence of this scientific view in more detail. According to Albert Bandura, the picture of reality based on which one acts results from one’s experiences with other people (Kurt, 2019). Memory makes it possible to reproduce behavior patterns typical for the role model. The child can copy movements and actions; however, repetition and training are needed for correct reproduction. Mimicking an action is motivated by a desire to maximize rewards and minimize punishment. This principle, in particular, is fundamental to the utilitarian concept of well-being. Therefore, participation in criminal activity may be associated not only with the observed deviant behavior of adults but also with the understandable urge of children to join a company of interest. Indeed, suppose the authoritative figures for the child, that is, the parents, most often demonstrate deviant forms of behavior. In that case, there is a risk that the child will begin to consider such behaviors as preferable for oneself. However, the causes of deviant children’s behavior cannot be limited to, for example, their parents’ abuse of drugs or other forms of violating the law. Thus, the Department of Job and Family Services misinterpreted social learning theory. This misinterpretation can affect the bottom line of the laws that are enacted. References to scientific theories must be substantiated; it is unacceptable to arbitrarily change the meaning of the theory to satisfy the goals of introducing any set of legal actions. Bandura noted that the final learning outcomes are not always due to intrinsic reinforcement; other factors also play a role (Kurt, 2019). That is why it is concluded that only the very narrow applicability of the theory to the analyzed scenario is possible. The Department considers upbringing by parents with deviant forms of behavior as the only reason for the future deviant behavior of children, not acknowledging other circumstances. During the analysis, it was possible to demonstrate that the implemented policy cannot be considered ethical. At the current stage, many moral questions remain unanswered. The negative consequences of the program’s provisions coming into force were indicated. The department misinterpreted social learning theory, which is unacceptable when arguing the implementation of policies. It is necessary to clarify what plan of action the program creators propose regarding unresolved moral problems since, at this stage, this concept can hardly be considered applicable to the scenario outlined. References Dodaj, A., Krajina, M., Sesar, K., & Šimić, N. (2017). The Effects of Maltreatment in Childhood on Working Memory Capacity in Adulthood. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 13 , 618-632. Web. Lippard, E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020). The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders . The American journal of psychiatry, 177(1) , 20–36. Web. Kurt, S. (2019 ). Social learning theory: Albert Bandura . Educational Technology. Web. Rosen, A., Handley, E., Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. (2018). The impact of patterns of trauma exposure among low-income children with and without histories of child maltreatment. Child abuse & Neglect, 80 , 301-311. Web.

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Provide the inputted essay that when summarized resulted in the following summary : The essay discusses how children take from their parents and how parents influence children's behavior and character formation. It also talks about how parents should change themselves in order to become really good parents to a child. One of the most important qualities that parents should cultivate is the ability to love.

The essay discusses how children take from their parents and how parents influence children's behavior and character formation. It also talks about how parents should change themselves in order to become really good parents to a child. One of the most important qualities that parents should cultivate is the ability to love.

A Quality All Parents Should Cultivate Essay Today it is already known how much children take from their parents. Also, it is fully understood how parents influence children’s behavior and character formation. This forces parents to reconsider their views and methods of education, which they inherited from previous generations. At the same time, people should change themselves in order to become really good parents to a child. One of the most important qualities that parents should cultivate is the ability to love. Parents should be able to show their love to their children since they are not able to express themselves when they need it most. In a ‘White Lies’ by Erin Murphy, “Connie, by comparison, was alone in her difference. She was, perhaps, most different. Differentest ” (Murphy). The important thing to note is that, in fact, all children feel different like Connie did. Children are new to our world and to society. They might not fully understand how things work, which might make them feel lonely and alone. Since they are children, they are not trained to talk about what they feel. When children feel lonely, it is of utmost importance to give them parental love showing that they are loved even if they are different. Personally, I can feel that the love that was given by my parents was more than enough for me to learn anything else on my own. One can teach a child everything, but there is nothing more important than the love that parents give them. Love is the most important factor that unites a child with their parents. Parents’ love for their children is unparalleled, and they need to express this love more often. Love makes a child stronger, more confident, and braver. Knowing that his parents love, support, and encourage him will help the child cope with any difficulties in life. Every child craves love, so it is important to make sure to show the love in any possible way. It will make the child and the parents inseparable and will encourage him to follow the right path, always protecting the honor of his parents. To conclude, parents can have different approaches to raise their children. Some parents can teach their children to be leaders or to be successful. At the same time, other parents can raise their children as peaceful, quiet, and passive people. The thing that is connecting all parents in terms of their relationship with children is love. Hence, love should be the thing that parents should be cultivating. Work Cited Murphy, Erin. White Lies . Brevity, 2010.

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Provide the inputted essay that when summarized resulted in the following summary : A service/customer recovery plan for the situations essay (critical writing) involves engaging with the customer to understand the reasons they do not like the food and offering to make amends, such as by doing the meal over or offering an extra item on the menu like an after-meal drink. Additionally, the server must follow up to ensure that the customer is satisfied.

A service/customer recovery plan for the situations essay (critical writing) involves engaging with the customer to understand the reasons they do not like the food and offering to make amends, such as by doing the meal over or offering an extra item on the menu like an after-meal drink. Additionally, the server must follow up to ensure that the customer is satisfied.

A Service/Customer Recovery Plan for the Situations Essay (Critical Writing) For servers at a restaurant: a customer does not like his food The server must engage with the customer to understand the reasons he does not like the food and offer to make amends, such as by doing the meal over or offering an extra item on the menu like an after-meal drink. Additionally, the server must follow up to ensure that the customer is satisfied. Prosperous businesses have a strategy that resolves customer grievances and, makes the client feel good about the experience (Silverberg, 2019). For a cell phone service call center: A customer is disappointment by the number of dropped calls she has been receiving A customer care attendant must adopt a service recovery plan which involves; enquiry about the location of the customer to confirm the signal strength of the area. It helps in assessing the need for a cell phone signal booster. Service breakdowns are uneasy, and they need instruction to fix. However, they provide a chance to draw a client closer to you (Solomon, 2014). Additionally, he/she must confirm that the status of the customer’s gadget is optimal. This assists in ensuring that, there is no damage to the internal antenna which could lead to dropped calls annoyances. For officer manager: You did not order enough supplies and the co-workers are upset that they do not have enough materials to finish the job In this case, there seems to be poor communication and collaboration between the office manager and the co-workers. Breakdown in business operations is one of the main costs incurred due to lack of adequate supplies (Melanin, 2015). The recovery plan shall involve liaison between the two parties to ensure that exact required amounts of supplies are procured, adopting modern inventory management system to avoid further stock discrepancies. For daycare owner: One of your employees told a child to shut up and the parent found out and is very upset In addressing the daycare owner must seek a solution from the parent’s point of view. acknowledge the parent’s frustrations, accept the problem and take responsibility, because the natural reaction of most business owners is to get defensive and get into a hostile mindset with a disappointed client (Solomon, 2014). For the contractor: You have been very busy and unable to complete a customer’s two-bathroom model. The customer is angry because she expects company and the bathrooms are not complete His recovery plan, must involve providing alternatives to the two-bathroom model to the customer while he makes amendments as soon as possible. This would help in rebuilding trust and reliability between the contractor and the client. The promising path to construct reliability with your customers is to start and finish great, rather than shrinking with a whine (Solomon, 2014). References Melanin, C. (2015). The ordering costs. Web. Silverberg, M (2019). How to deal with frequently unhappy customer . Web. Solomon, M. (2014). 4 Steps from customer anger to customer loyalty : The expert customer service recovery method. Web.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: When doing research, it is essential for a student to make sure that the sources used are credible, strong, and reliable. Students have to provide evidence and support their information, especially when it comes to statistical data, hard numbers, or unknown facts. If an article does not have a reference list and never mentions any other authors and organizations, this is the sign for me not to cite it in my work.

When doing research, it is essential for a student to make sure that the sources used are credible, strong, and reliable. Students have to provide evidence and support their information, especially when it comes to statistical data, hard numbers, or unknown facts. If an article does not have a reference list and never mentions any other authors and organizations, this is the sign for me not to cite it in my work.

A Sign of Unreliability of an Article or Other Source Essay When doing research, it is essential for a student to make sure that the sources used are credible, strong, and reliable. Students have to provide evidence and support their information, especially when it comes to statistical data, hard numbers, or unknown facts. Unfortunately, if one refers to an unreliable or weak source, the credibility of their own research also reduces. However, there are several signs or “red flags” that allow me to spot a non-preferred source and avoid using it. For example, if an article does not have a reference list and never mentions any other authors and organizations, this is the sign for me not to cite it in my work. There are a couple of reasons to avoid a resource that does not have its own references. First of all, it is impossible to be certain that the facts and data mentioned in it are not corrupted or distorted (UTEP Connect, 2017). Typically, when an author provides accurate statistics, they are also interested in allowing readers to verify the information in the primary source and therefore include links in their articles (UTEP Connect, 2017). Thus, a missing list of sources hints at the text being unreliable or based on opinion rather than fact. Further, the second reason is related to plagiarism – a rather negative concept in research. It is evident that an article cannot be written by its author without an additional search for information. Therefore, in case facts are paraphrased, but the initial source is not mentioned, it is possible to say that the researcher plagiarizes other authors and does not give credit to their ideas and findings (Lee, 2020, para. 2). Moreover, as stated by Lee (2020), “a source that has no citations at all, or those that present non-verifiable links (broken, in-active links, or links that lead to unrelated material) as evidence should be an immediate red flag” (para. 3). Therefore, when doing my research, I avoid such articles in order not to promote made-up information or plagiarism. References Lee, H. G. (2020). How to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources online . Inkspire. Web. UTEP Connect. (2017). 4 ways to differentiate a good source from a bad source . UTEP. Web.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: The essay discusses the difference between God and religion in creating legal laws, and how morality and ethical values are shaped by both entities. It also explains why God is the ultimate giver of objective and ethical moral values, and why all current laws and policies come from the original rules made by God as his divine commandments.

The essay discusses the difference between God and religion in creating legal laws, and how morality and ethical values are shaped by both entities. It also explains why God is the ultimate giver of objective and ethical moral values, and why all current laws and policies come from the original rules made by God as his divine commandments.

A Theological View on God and Religion in Creating Legal Laws Essay Creating a normative legal system has become a debatable topic regarding the morality of the set legal laws and guidelines governing society today. Legal and social laws are a must for managing societies in promoting uprightness and punishing wrongdoers. In this regard, forming laws and societal guidelines need specific conditions or processes in ensuring the laws are ethical and inclusive of all members of society. Religion is founded as one factor that influences the formation of laws because of the religious doctrines that are considered morally upright. But most people fail to understand the difference between religion and God as separate entities. What then shapes and defines the best moral laws between God and religion? This essay explains the difference between God as the lawmaker and religion in influencing morality and ethical values in society. God is a different entity from religion and independent of the influence of human beings, while faith is dependent on human beings, therefore subject to adjustments according to the specifications of a given religious group. A religion does not guarantee the existence of its God (Benjamin et al., 2020). For example, a group of people can form religious groups made up of certain beliefs without considering the author and controller of the given thoughts. If religion and God are different, then the law cannot be made based on certain religious beliefs. Moral laws should base on God’s commands because; God is the giver of universal objectivity of morality, God gives the ultimate justice, and God is the creator and giver of all human knowledge. God As the Controller of Law and Moral Values Throughout history, the laws made by human beings have been idiosyncratic, biased, mostly wrong, and absurd. Most laws made by man suppress individuals from God’s rights, making the human authority superior to God’s sovereignty. Human dignity and freedoms come from God, and no religion or current laws can hinder this God-given dignity. Therefore, God is the ultimate giver of objective and ethical moral values. Morality should also depend on God because all current laws and policies come from the original rules made by God as his divine commandments. If the lawmakers insist on being the normative lawgivers, they should make principles that articulate God’s commands as God is the origin of ethical uprightness. Epistemologically, God is the giver of all laws because all human beings have a natural knowledge of what is good and wrong. Religious people often wonder how atheists acquire morals because they consider religion as the basis for morality. God as the natural giver of all laws explains this belief so that religious people understand that morals come from God and not a people’s religion. When creating and passing legal laws, individuals must not base the principles on religion and claim the normative position of being above all laws because all knowledge comes from a higher being than human beings. The existence of God’s commands gives basis to the morality of laws with God as the giver; therefore, since all moral laws come from God (Benjamin et al., 2020), then He is must transcend over all the rules of righteousness and justice. Additionally, atheists follow a particular code of morality without belonging to any religious group, which means morals originate from only one source, and that is where human beings should seek to find justice and make legal laws. The Influence of Religion in Forming Laws Religion is a cultural and or linguistic framework that defines the entirety of a given peoples way of life or thinking. It entails the people’s beliefs, experiences, attitudes, and sentiments which shape the cultural phenomena, providing moral laws and rules that guide the community. Communities form religions based on their realities due to the different interactions with the evolving world. Therefore, religion is subjective to specific communities and their beliefs hence the difference in moral values. What is morally upright in one religion may not be ethically acceptable in another religion, so laws cannot be made based on religion but on God as the Sovereign (Benjamin et al., 2020). Furthermore, the subjectivity of religion also means it is bound to change over time which states the inconsistency of human laws in governing states and promoting morality. In conclusion, human beings should create moral laws according to the dynamics of life. Since time, the world is changing with the emergence of civilization and modern lifestyles, which call for evolving statutes. As Darwin explains, nature chooses who and what survives, so laws must follow the evolutionary world to encompass all cultures and religious beliefs given the current societal conditions. It can be said that God is the creator and controller of the universe, including nature and human beings; therefore, He knows the changes taking place around the world. And because God gave man the power of knowledge, innovation, and decision making, it is up to man to make and redefine some of the biblical commands on morals to suit the current society legally and socially. Without disregarding God as the Sovereign, human beings can create and command their liberal laws. Reference Benjamin Hoadly, Samuel Clarke, and the Ethics of the Bangorian Controversy: Church, State, and the Moral Law. (2020). Religions, 11 (11), 599. Web.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The text discusses the history of transvaginal meshes and how they have become one of the worst medical devices ever created. It also talks about how the Boston Scientific company is involved in the production and sale of these devices and how women who have received implants from this company began to complain about the deterioration of their health after they were installed. The text then goes on to discuss the theories of liability that can be applied to this case, including fraud and warranty.

The text discusses the history of transvaginal meshes and how they have become one of the worst medical devices ever created. It also talks about how the Boston Scientific company is involved in the production and sale of these devices and how women who have received implants from this company began to complain about the deterioration of their health after they were installed. The text then goes on to discuss the theories of liability that can be applied to this case, including fraud and warranty.

A Transvaginal Mesh Product Liability Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction A transvaginal mesh is a mesh device that is surgically placed to treat female gynecological and urogynecological problems, such as pelvic organ prolapse or urinary incontinence under stress. The transvaginal mesh is made of a synthetic material, usually polypropylene, and is made of a porous or microporous material. It is believed that these devices have become one of the worst in the medical device industry. They appeared about 20 years ago and were intended to treat weakened pelvic muscles. Women went to court claiming that these transvaginal meshes cause various complications, acute pain, autoimmune diseases, and organ damage. Main body Boston Scientific company is engaged in the production and sale of transvaginal nets for women. Women who received implants from this company began to complain about the deterioration of their health after they were installed. There were complaints of severe pelvic pain, bleeding, and urinary dysfunction. Hundreds of thousands of lawsuits have been filed by women affected by Boston Scientific’s implants. The state Attorney General announced that, together with a medical device manufacturer, they had reached an agreement to pay $188.6 million to 47 states for fraudulent marketing activities in the field of surgical nets (Tucker). In addition to women, state governments have also filed lawsuits against this company and other companies that produce similar products. Boston Scientific was accused by the state attorney general, who oversaw the multi-state lawsuit, of failing to warn about possible consequences and risks in the instructions for the transvaginal nets. The Attorney General also noted that Boston Scientific could not disclose the truth about possible scars and damage from the mesh used, chronic pain, the risk of infections, and other complications. This information was hidden because perhaps the company was quite intensely interested in making a profit rather than in ensuring the health of women. For this case, two theories of liability can be applied: fraud and warranty. Fraud may consist of the desire to gain benefits without paying attention to the danger to human health. The companies also produced a defective products that harmed the individual (Twomey et al. 456). That is, the companies failed to give reasonable guarantees of the safety of the product they made. It is reasonable to assume that as a legal defense, most women wanted to get money. Since the problem due to which the implants were initially installed did not find a solution, so even after the installation, women received additional health damage that can not be ignored. The jury sided with the plaintiffs and accused the manufacturing companies of failing to warn about possible complications and health risks, as well as developing unsafe defective products. The number of lawsuits filed continues to grow as the consequences and results of using transvaginal meshes continue to be revealed over time. Injured women naturally win in court against the defendant companies. Sometimes the court decides manufacturers pay multimillion-dollar lawsuits to the victims. Currently, some of the claims have already been satisfied, and some are under consideration. In 2019, sales of transvaginal nets were banned, as manufacturers did not find medical evidence of the use of this device. Since the production was mainly carried out by large companies, they pay for the damage caused but continue to produce other medical products. I believe that in this case, the result, that is, the receipt of money by the victims, is correct. The women turned to a medical company for help, and their main goal was to improve their health. Unfortunately, many women have experienced a worsening of their health problems while using the purchased medical devices. The money they receive will most likely be used for re-treatment, as well as for medications and moral recovery. As for my opinion on the deeper consideration of this case, I have two questions. The first one is how these transvaginal meshes were checked by medical commissions. After all, to release a product to the market, it must be verified and tested. Especially in the case of the release of medical products, a more thorough clinical examination should be carried out to avoid complex instances in the future. The second question is direct to the women themselves because they probably could hear reviews and negative comments about using these products. Moreover, the manufacturing companies did not provide the women with instructions, descriptions of possible risks, and the results of clinical trials. What is the reason women still agreed to the installation of these implants? In the case when peoples’ health is at risk, it is necessary to check every device, especially if it is introduced into the body surgically. Conclusion In conclusion, it should be noted that this case has not yet been closed, and numerous trials are being conducted on it. In general, the production of transvaginal meshes was closed, which is naturally the right decision since they caused a lot of harm to women who now have a large number of recovery procedures. Production companies continue to pay compensation to the victims, as in most cases, the court finds the companies guilty of causing harm to health. Works Cited Twomey, David P., Mrianne M. Jennigs, and Stephanie M. Greene. Business Law : Principles for Today’s Commercial Environment . Cengage Learning, 2017. Tucker, Katheryn. “Del. Set to Receive $1.38M in Multistate Surgical Mesh Settlement.” Law. 2021. Web.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: Punk fashion represented an aggressive and anarchic movement that rebelled against expensive and luxurious clothing. The trend influenced designers during the 1970s by integrating certain values and ideas. For instance, Vivienne Westwood developed a trendy punk fashion representing the peasants. The style used to develop garments were subjective in communicating fashionable ideas among punk fashion lovers.

Punk fashion represented an aggressive and anarchic movement that rebelled against expensive and luxurious clothing. The trend influenced designers during the 1970s by integrating certain values and ideas. For instance, Vivienne Westwood developed a trendy punk fashion representing the peasants. The style used to develop garments were subjective in communicating fashionable ideas among punk fashion lovers.

20th Century Dress and Culture – Punk Fashion Essay Punk aesthetic describes a preference or sense in a fashion intended to present the involved community’s socio-cultural values. Punk fashion represented an aggressive and anarchic movement that rebelled against expensive and luxurious clothing. The trend influenced designers during the 1970s by integrating certain values and ideas (Worley, 2017). For instance, Vivienne Westwood developed a trendy punk fashion representing the peasants. The style used to develop garments were subjective in communicating fashionable ideas among punk fashion lovers. Westwood identifies garment styles as the ones whose cultural references represent the disadvantaged members of communities. Punk fashion began as a social movement opposing expensive and trendy clothing in London (Smith et al., 2017). Moreover, Westwood claimed that she wore clothes originated from English craftsmen attributed to high material quality. The fashion world experienced transformation throughout the second half of the 19th century (Polhemus, 2010). Production activities evolved from traditional crafts processes to improved manufacturing. Salvatore Ferragamo was a popular shoe designer from Italy who rose to fame after World War II (Smith et al., 2017). His handmade shoes were sold across Europe. This firm has a large share market in the current fashion industry providing trendy products in clothes and shoes. Culture in fashion is essential in enhancing the social grievances of a discriminated group of population. Some modern designers employ punk ideals in their work, as evidenced in contemporary fashion trends. For instance, the Yeezy Gap is a fashion firm owned by a celebrity to progress Westwood’s ideas from the 1970s. Ideally, the fashion ideals of the cloth-line represent trendy products from a minority group. Yeezy shoes have grown in popularity among teenagers and young adult punk fashion lovers (Hernandes, 2020). The clothes are sold in wealthy urban towns and cities, indicating an increasing social interest in fashion. Essentially, punk ideals have transformed fashion in many societies. The innovation depicts a growing trend in the transformation of shoes and quality in design. References Polhemus, T. (2010). Street style . London: PYMCA. Smith, G. D., Dines, M., & Parkinson, T. (Eds.). (2017). Punk pedagogies: Music, culture and learning . Routledge. Worley, M. (2017). No future: Punk, politics and British youth culture, 1976–1984 . Cambridge University Press. Hernandes, J. (2020). Adidas Yeezy Boost 700 “Bright Blue” Confirmed For 2021. [Online image]. Sneaker News. Web. Appendix A Image 1: Yeezy Boost Shoes.

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Provide a essay that could have been the input for the following summary: The article discusses the importance of brand image in business and how it can be affected by business ethics and corporate social responsibility.The article discusses the importance of brand image in business and how it can be affected by business ethics and corporate social responsibility.

The article discusses the importance of brand image in business and how it can be affected by business ethics and corporate social responsibility. The article discusses the importance of brand image in business and how it can be affected by business ethics and corporate social responsibility.

A Brand Image: Review and the Study Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Preliminary Analysis 2. Methods & Empirics 3. Critical Review 4. Reference Brand image is important in business as it determines the attitude of customers. Corporate entities require a constant influx of consumers to successfully develop. There are several factors motivating customers to choose a particular brand, which include the quality of products, the ethical principles that businesses follow, and corporate social responsibility. The relation between the products’ quality and customers’ attitude has been established to have a positive correlation. When it comes to the other two factors, there is limited research concerning them. Business ethics manifests itself in the companies’ methods, which can incorporate charity, treatment of the environment, stance on corporate corruption, bribery, and other issues that can harm society. Corporations can develop their social responsibility by such actions as customer privacy, feedback, and bonuses. Both are prevalent in defining consumer preferences. Yet there is no scientifically established viewpoint on what should take priority. The lack of available research into the relationship between customer conduct and companies’ ethics and corporate social responsibility, compelled a study of which of the two factors have a stronger impact on brand attitude. The study is described in the article that is titled “Business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and brand attitudes: An exploratory study”. It was written by four American scholars: O.C. Ferrell, Dana E. Harrison, Linda Ferrell, and Joe F. Hair. The article was published in the Journal of Business Research in February 2019. It is a monthly academic journal, which gathers research of business in all its areas. The article can be accessed on pages 491-501 of the 95th volume. The journal does not use issue numbers, relying on theme sections to structure publications. Preliminary Analysis Due to the high degree of novelty in the study, the study is multi-layered, with different permutations of the phenomenon under investigation. The Ferrell et al. (2019) state that the aim of their research is “to determine the relative importance of business ethics and CSR in determining brand attitudes” (p. 492). The research objectives include identifying the relation between company behaviors, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and brand attitudes. The research is exploratory in nature since it examines the subject matter from the perspective that had not been considered in the past. Regarding the theoretical framework, Ferrell et al. (2019) point out that “an artifact approach is used to identify and differentiate business ethics and social responsibility” (p. 493). The study refers to the artifacts as the possible results of decision making that are analyzed in four scenarios. The research concludes that business ethics is essential in preserving brand attitude. As a result, customers pay more attention to the performance, rather than activities done to ensure positive corporate image. Therefore, corporate social responsibility should not be prioritized to the detriment of brand quality. Methods & Empirics The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. To implement the qualitative aspect, “four scenarios were developed with each scenario consisting of both business ethics and CSR components” (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 493). The authors used the material gathered from the interviews that had been conducted before the study as a basis for the four hypothesized variants of correlation between companies’ conduct and consumer’s attitude to brands. The examples of brands included an online retailer, an automobile company, an oil company and an international bank. All four entities “were based on real world organizations that had both positive and negative outcomes from their business conduct and CSR activities”, however, the authors used fictional titles in order to protect the identity of the actual organizations. (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 493). As 400 respondents participated in the interviews, their answers were calculated and systematized, thus utilizing the quantitative research method. Subsequently, the scenarios were adapted into 6 hypotheses that were tested via data analysis software. Altogether, the authors used both numerical data and qualitative data in establishing the cause and effect link between corporate social responsibility, brand attitude, and business ethics. The authors used self-administered questionnaires as the prime mode of data collection. A preliminary study was conducted to exclude the possibility of mistakes in the survey. “Following minor revisions to the instrument, the final questionnaire was administered through the use of a Qualtrics panel” (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 494). The process itself took form of an online survey that required the participants to answer the set number of questions. The Qualtrics panel was used as the measuring instrument for the collected data. Such a tool has the benefit of preserving the confidentiality of respondents, however, the researchers were not able to clarify the possible misunderstandings of questions, thus leaving the possibility of corrupted data. The target population encompassed 400 consumers older than 18 years old living in the United States. Although the authors did not specifically identify the sampling technique, they used convenience sampling since the survey was restricted to the consumers that were available on the Internet. Overall, the majority of respondents belong to the middle-class and higher, while people with lower income are in the minority, which does not provide the objective assessment of the population. In order to ensure reliability and validity of the study, the researchers relied on computer software and recommendations for its proper application in surveys, while trying to minimize common-method bias. “The SmartPLS 3 software was used for analysis. PLS-SEM is widely accepted across disciplines as a robust technique” (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 495). This program is best suited for research projects that lack the theoretical background, as is the case with this study. SmartPLS 3 examined each scenario separately and computed “convergent validity”, which is a parameter that indicates the degree of relation between measures (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 495). In the case of this study, scenarios serve as measures to be analyzed. The tools used for analyzing responses can create variations that are caused by the software itself, rather than respondents’ predispositions. For reducing such distortion that can be caused by common methods variance, the study utilized Harmon’s single factor method. However, the authors did not present the results of Harmon’s test, therefore raising the possibility of distortion in the final data. In summary, Jawa platform software analyzed data, with additional steps taken to ensure the lack of computer-generated error. Critical Review Altogether, the article is a high-quality piece that explores the issue of corporate ethics and social responsibility in depth. Ferrell et al. (2019) note that previous research had not addressed the difference between CSR and business ethics. “Researchers have not differentiated attitudes toward business ethics and CSR, especially in the development of scales to measure these two constructs” (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 491). The authors reference sources that delve into the correlation between brand image and CSR, however, they are insufficient in comparison. Firstly, the previous articles focus on one particular effect rather than analyze their entire complexity. Secondly, the researchers fused the terms “business ethics” and “corporate social responsibility” in earlier works, thus blurring the understanding of these concepts. In contrast, Ferrell et al. (2019) took the multifaceted approach and established a clear distinction between the aforementioned terms. In my opinion, due to the novelty and comprehensive nature of the study, this article enhances the subject matter better than its predecessors. The overall style of the article adheres to the academic standards. The authors divided the paper into six main sections with an appendix and a reference list. The first part is introduction, which provides an overview of the incomplete scientific understanding of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. The second section includes the review of literature, which underscores the deficit of previous sources concerning the article’s issue. The next part is dedicated to hypothesis development, where the authors propose four scenarios, explaining the variations of relationship between consumer expectations and brand attitude. The forth section analyzes the data collected in the previous part and tests the scenarios. The final section contains results of analysis and the conclusion that “business ethics has more impact on brand attitude than CSR activities” (Ferrell et al., 2019, p. 499). The reference list is comprised of 72 entries, formatted in APA-style. In summary, the article provides new insight into business research, which is supported by a study incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods. Reference Ferrell, O. C., Harrison, D. E., Ferrell, L., & Hair, J. F. (2019). Business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and brand attitudes: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Research , 95 , 491-501. Web.

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Write an essay about: A brief discussion of animal and plant cells.Both animal and plant cells have a nucleus, enclosed within the cell's structure (WiseGEEK para 2). The nucleus contains the cell's genetic information, otherwise known as DNA. Also, both cells have similar organelles that float in the watery or gel-like region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. In scientific terms, this gel-like region is known as the cytoplasm (Teacher's Domain para.

A brief discussion of animal and plant cells. Both animal and plant cells have a nucleus, enclosed within the cell's structure (WiseGEEK para 2). The nucleus contains the cell's genetic information, otherwise known as DNA. Also, both cells have similar organelles that float in the watery or gel-like region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. In scientific terms, this gel-like region is known as the cytoplasm (Teacher's Domain para.

A Brief Discussion of Animal and Plant Cells Essay In a layman’s language, cells can be described as the essential structural and functional units of both animals and plants. Most cells found in animals and plants cannot be observed with the naked eye. However, with the invention of microscopes, animal and plant cells can be easily viewed and studied. Cells are the most minuscule units of a living organism capable of surviving independently. But it should be noted that not all cells are capable of living independently as some must combine to form tissues, which then works in dependence to each other to form organs. (MedicineNet.Com para. 1). These organs combine with other organs to form systems. It is these systems that work together to form the living organisms. Cells act as small reservoirs of fundamental chemicals and water enfolded in a membrane. It is thought that the human body contains close to 100 trillion individual cells. The importance of cells in all living organisms can never be underestimated. Individual cells have the capacity to specialize in different vital areas that keeps both animals and plants alive. Some cells are charged with the responsibility of getting and synthesising essential materials such as oxygen, food and water, while other cells combine to form tissues and body organs charged with the responsibility of digesting food, assisting in respiration and removing waste. In plants, important cells such as the parenchyma cells help to store materials and support the process of photosynthesis (Teacher’s Domain para 4). Cells found in the leaves of most plants fundamentally assist the plant to absorb the necessary light and regulate gas exchange. Animal and plant cells have strikingly similar characteristics and some noted differences. Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus, enclosed within the cell’s structure (WiseGEEK para 2). The nucleus contains the cell’s genetic information, otherwise known as DNA. Also, animal and plant cells have similar organelles that float in the watery or gel-like region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. In scientific terms, this gel-like region is known as the cytoplasm (Teacher’s Domain para. 2). Another similar characteristic is that both cells have well formulated mitochodria and ribosomes. In both cells, the fundamental function of the mitochodria is to generate energy through aerobic respiration, while the ribosomes are chiefly entrusted with the function of synthesizing proteins. The Golgi bodies found in both animal and plant cells are responsible for transforming proteins into more complex molecules. One of the fundamental differences between the two pairs of cells is that the plants’ cell walls are mainly made up of cellulose while the walls of animal cells are made up of a permeable membrane (WiseGEEK para. 3). The rather hardened cell wall found in plant cells functions to tolerate high pressure to build inside the cell without a chance of bursting. This is an important characteristic as the plant cell must have the capacity to accept large volumes of liquid through a process known as osmosis. An animal cell lacks this type of cell wall, and will eventually burst if it is filled with large volumes of liquid. Another difference is that plant cells have chloroplasts, which they utilize to convert sunlight into the much needed food through the process of photosynthesis (Keagan para. 1-2). Also, plant cells contains an elongated vacuole, which resides in the cell’s cytoplasm and contains waste elements, water, and key nutrients that can be utilized or secreted as deemed necessary. There exist many similarities and variations between the animal cells and plant cells. The functions of many of the elements found within the cells may also vary in nature and the extent of their importance. But one thing is clear; both animals and plants can never exist without these microscopic components known as cells. Indeed, their importance supersedes every fundamental organ or system found in the organism since they are the ones entrusted with the responsibility of making the organs and systems to function as desired. Works Cited Keagan, A. Plant Cells. (n.d.). Web. MedicineNet. Definition of Cell. 2009. Web. Teacher’s Domain. Animal and Plant Cell. Web. WiseGEEK. What are some Differences between Plants and Animal Cells? Web.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: The idea of creating a company specializing in providing transcription services to its customers appears to be quite reasonable. By using the hybrid business model as the tool for transferring from the traditional business context to the digital one, a company will be able to promote the described service successfully to the target audience.

The idea of creating a company specializing in providing transcription services to its customers appears to be quite reasonable. By using the hybrid business model as the tool for transferring from the traditional business context to the digital one, a company will be able to promote the described service successfully to the target audience.

A Business Idea Worth Exploring: Multi-Language Transcription Services Essay Subtitles are vital for any video for numerous reasons, from its target audience belonging to different cultures to people experiencing difficulties hearing or being unable to play the video with audio in full volume. Therefore, the idea of creating a company specializing in providing transcription services to its customers appears to be quite reasonable. By using the hybrid business model as the tool for transferring from the traditional business context to the digital one, a company will be able to promote the described service successfully to the target audience. To map the key aspects of the business described above, a business model canvas was utilized. The process of filling it out has led to important insights, particularly, a better understanding of entrepreneurship’s goals and the ways of achieving them. Specifically, the insight into the partners, activities, and resources has allowed understanding the significance of different aspects of starting a business and creating a unique business model (Vukanović 3). Namely, the necessity to contextualize the delivery of transcription services to a wide range of customers, as well as the need to deploy different marketing approaches to cater to diverse audiences, have been recognized with the integration of the said business model. The focus on customer relationships and customer segments has been a particularly important issue to address, especially given the specifics of the digital market. Since determining the characteristics of customers in the online environment is quite difficult, the integration of the communication channels, primarily, social networks and the related tools is instrumental in improving the quality of feedback analysis and the further introduction of improvements. The emphasis on customers’ unique characteristics has been essential in adjusting the business strategy and especially the marketing approach so that people from different backgrounds could consider the specified business as a trustworthy organization with a high-quality product (Iankova 174). Indeed, since the entrepreneurship in question offers transcriptions to multiple languages, it will need to appeal to a very diverse demographic. Consequently, making the product look relatable and attractive to the target population is quite a challenge, which can be met by integrating a culture-based customer segmentation approach. The assessment of the cost structure is, in turn, another crucial part of the business plan. In the context of the selected business model, a vast range of costs can be avoided due to the integration of the frameworks such as the monthly recurring revenue (MRR). The inclusion of the MRR into the cost management process and the project’s financial issues, in general, will help to define the range of expenses that the company will be able to afford (Cohen and Neubert. 12). In addition, the current approach to cost management will serve as the incentive for seeking investors and attracting new sources of income, thus securing the company’s financial position in the digital market. Overall, there are strong indications that the proposed business model will help to propel the organization to the top tier of the selected market niche. Moreover, with the adoption of a culture-driven marketing framework, the firm is likely to expand, which will allow targeting a wider range of options and collaborating with a greater variety of organizations. With the focus on the possibility of a merger or an acquisition in the future as the method of increasing the company’s competitive advantage, one can contribute to the rapid development of the business in question. Overall, the feasibility of the business project in question appears to be quite high given the effective framework for addressing financial issues and marketing the service. Works Cited Cohen, Benjamin, and Michael Neubert. “How Do Corporate Valuation Methods Reflect the Stock Price Value of SaaS Software Firms?” The ISM Journal of International Business , vol. 3, no. 1, 2019, pp. 9-14. Iankova, Severina, et al. “A comparison of social media marketing between B2B, B2C and mixed business models.” Industrial Marketing Management , vol. 81, 2019, pp. 169-179. Vukanović, Zvezdan. Foreign Direct Investment Inflows into the South East European Media Market: Towards a Hybrid Business Model . Springer, 2016.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: The performance under discussion took place in 2013, London, Royal Albert Hall (“BBC Proms 2013”). To emphasize the importance of the event, its meaningfulness, and create a holiday atmosphere, the organizers used specific decorations. The backstage was colored by using various lights, while the orchestra was sitting in the middle of the hall surrounded by viewers and listeners who came to admire multiple masterpieces performed by the players. The design is innovative but with classical elements to link the modern age with the music

The performance under discussion took place in 2013, London, Royal Albert Hall (“BBC Proms 2013”). To emphasize the importance of the event, its meaningfulness, and create a holiday atmosphere, the organizers used specific decorations. The backstage was colored by using various lights, while the orchestra was sitting in the middle of the hall surrounded by viewers and listeners who came to admire multiple masterpieces performed by the players. The design is innovative but with classical elements to link the modern age with the music

A Classical Concert Analysis Essay The performance under discussion took place in 2013, London, Royal Albert Hall (“BBC Proms 2013”). To emphasize the importance of the event, its meaningfulness, and create a holiday atmosphere, the organizers used specific decorations. The backstage was colored by using various lights, while the orchestra was sitting in the middle of the hall surrounded by viewers and listeners who came to admire multiple masterpieces performed by the players (“BBC Proms 2013”). The design is innovative but with classical elements to link the modern age with the music of the past. The hall is full of spectators, which means that such events are extremely popular with the audience. Looking at the video, it is possible to remember ancient amphitheaters with the stage in the center surrounded by people. This effect helps to become emotionally close to people and performers. The video gives little attention to the audience as the orchestra is the main factor of interest. However, sometimes the camera shows people who came to the hall. Many people are dressed in accordance with the code presupposing suits and dresses. However, many visitors wear casual closes, which shows that the theater and such performances become closer to people, and they can feel relaxed when visiting such shows. The audience also represents various social statuses as there are people from the higher and middle class, which can also be determined by looking at their closes. Because of the peculiarities of the orchestra, listeners are of different ages as there are young, middle-aged, and elderly persons who came to listen to the masterpiece recognized by the world. The diversity in the audience shows that music attracts different people and inspires them. Speaking about performers, several details should be admitted. They are all dressed officially following the specific code (“BBC Proms 2013”). There are suits with white shirts and dresses. The observation of the given style helps to view the orchestra as a single unit that acts together. There is also a strict hierarchy as the conductor, Philippe Jordan, is the main person on the stage. His movements and signs manage the orchestra and make them sound unique. At the same time, there is a certain hierarchy between performers as some of them sit closer or farther to the conductor. They look at the music text and at the leader at the same time to watch the changes in the mood and follow his directions strictly. They form a semicircle following the classic patterns peculiar to orchestras of the past. The choice of the instruments is typical for the performers playing the classic musing. The camera focuses on various parts of the orchestra showing individuals with violins, cellos, drums, harps, trombones, flutes, and pianos. The given ensemble sounds aligned and coordinated, which is achieved by multiple repetitions and by the conductor’s work. The music is presented in a way that helps listeners to feel the progression. The sounds become more emotional and passionate when the orchestra moves from one part to another. The presented themes are supported by the explanations of a presenter who explains the meaning of a composition (“BBC Proms 2013”). This approach helps the audience to understand the background of the story presented by musicians and become more involved in the process, as the music becomes associated with particular events important for every person. In general, the performance has a strong effect on the audience as everyone in the fall was pleased and affected by the perfect music. As for me, I also greatly appreciated it. The choice of the music, performance and the actions of the conductor contributed to creating a unique sound that triggered various emotions such as sadness, solemnity, passion, glory, and happiness. I think the combination of light, sound, visual appeal, and background of various parts works perfectly and triggers the needed feelings. The classical music with the modern surroundings look unusual and inspirational. There were also some classical concert rituals as the orchestra and the conductor thanked each other for the performance. I think it is a good sign of respect and recognition of the idea that they work together to create a unique show. I believe that every performer’s contribution is essential, and it is impossible to state that someone plays a more significant role. In general, the video offers a perfect example of a classical concert. Although the performers are young, they are talented and produce the ideal sound which inspires the audience and triggers various emotions. I think that the suits and dresses of the members of the orchestra help to create the complete image of this group and make people recognize them seriously. At the same time, the placement of performers, the use of light, and decorations, along with the commentaries from the presenter, help to be involved and follow every movement of the conductor. Such shows are critically important for the popularization of classical music and it’s becoming one of the integral parts of the modern world. Work Cited “BBC Proms 2013, Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester, Jordan, Thibaudet / Wagner, Ravel, Shostakovich.” YouTube , uploaded by client85, 2013. Web.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: In this essay, the author argues that utilitarianism is a weak philosophical system because its main concern is the effects of people's actions, and not whether the individuals are moral or immoral. They also state that utilitarianism has been subjected to harsh criticisms, but several 21st century thinkers have lauded it as a sound philosophical system that has a wide range of applications.

In this essay, the author argues that utilitarianism is a weak philosophical system because its main concern is the effects of people's actions, and not whether the individuals are moral or immoral. They also state that utilitarianism has been subjected to harsh criticisms, but several 21st century thinkers have lauded it as a sound philosophical system that has a wide range of applications.

A Critique of Utilitarianism Essay Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Utilitarianism’s Application in Economics 3. Reforms that Utilitarianism would Support 4. References Summary Utilitarianism is a philosophical theory that states that the morality of an action is based on its effects; any action that increases the pleasure and happiness of the greater majority is just. It has two classes: act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism (Hausman et al., 2017). Utilitarians believe that the primary role of morality is to create more good in the world and reduce the number of bad outcomes. As a philosophical school of thought, utilitarianism has been subjected to harsh criticisms. However, several 21ts century thinkers have lauded it as a sound philosophical system that has a wide range of applications. Utilitarianism is a weak philosophical system because its main concern is the effects of people’s actions, and not whether the individuals are moral or immoral (Hausman et al., 2017). In that regard, it alienates people from their emotions and feelings, thus giving them the authority to act as they consider appropriate. A major criticism against act utilitarianism is the implication that certain acts of enslavement or torture whose outcome is more happiness are permissible (DeMartino & McCloskey, 2016). Its insistence on happiness as the primary goal in life is a contentious issue. Opponents of the philosophy argue that happiness is unattainable because, like a horizon, the nearer human beings are to it, the further it recedes. Utilitarianism’s Application in Economics Utilitarianism’s application in economics is based on its key principle that a choice or action that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people is ethical. Utilitarians maintain that economic liberties and competition are necessary factors in wealth generation (Hausman et al., 2017). However, they note that market freedom should be allowed only if it enhances maximum public utility. Therefore, a utilitarian government can interfere in a market’s structure and functions if such actions result in higher utility that protects the economic freedom of all players and avoids negative forces (DeMartino & McCloskey, 2016). The utility is a difficult concept to define. However, economic growth and improved standards of living are factors that can increase happiness. In that regard, utilitarians support Adam Smith’s insistence on the importance of economic freedom because the creation of free markets has improved the average quality of life throughout the world (Hausman et al., 2017). It is also noteworthy that the emergence of capitalism resulted in the improvement of living standards. Some economists have argued that before capitalism became operational, the GDP per capita remained constant for many centuries. Reforms that Utilitarianism would Support Capitalism has been the most effective economic model that has improved human beings’ overall well-being. Utilitarian principles suggest that laws and social practices should be implemented depending on their effect on overall utility (Hausman et al., 2017). In that regard, utilitarianism would support social reforms that favor the prosperity and advancement of the entire society. Policies that favor individuals at the expense of communities and groups of people would be rejected since they violate utilitarianism’s main principles. Examples of potential reforms include universal healthcare and economic policies that support socialism. References Ayres, R. U. (2020). On capitalism and inequality: progress and poverty revisited . Springer. DeMartino, G. F., & McCloskey, D. N. (2016). The Oxford handbook of professional economic ethics . Oxford University Press. Hausman, D., McPherson, M., & Satz, D. (2017). Economic analysis, moral philosophy, and public policy (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. Hodgson, G. M. (2015). Conceptualizing Capitalism: Institutions, evolution, future . The University of Chicago Press.

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Provide a essay that could have been the input for the following summary: In the post-war era of the 1950s, the American economy was thriving and as people became highly educated coupled with a growing sense of cultural history, shopping became a daily trend, and consumerism took the center stage. In the story, Updike describes A&P's customers, specifically the girls, as "sheep pushing their carts down the aisle" (240). In other words, the customers are docile without the capacity to think independent of what corporate America has

In the post-war era of the 1950s, the American economy was thriving and as people became highly educated coupled with a growing sense of cultural history, shopping became a daily trend, and consumerism took the center stage. In the story, Updike describes A&P's customers, specifically the girls, as "sheep pushing their carts down the aisle" (240). In other words, the customers are docile without the capacity to think independent of what corporate America has

A Cultural Analysis of John Updike’s A&P Essay John Updike’s chef-d’oeuvre story, A&P, highlights consumerism and its dehumanizing impacts as some of the cultural issues that America was experiencing in the 1960s. The story is populated with brand names, which could be confusing at first, but a closer look reveals what Updike is trying to achieve – to reflect the growing trend in America at the time whereby people’s identity is based not on their social interactions and other personal attributes, but by what one can purchase and consume. This paper focuses on the issue of consumerism as a cultural issue presented in the story A&P . During the post-war era of the 1950s, the American economy was thriving and as people became highly educated coupled with a growing sense of cultural history, shopping became a daily trend, and consumerism took the center stage. In the story, Updike describes A&P’s customers, specifically the girls, as “sheep pushing their carts down the aisle” (240). In other words, the customers are docile without the capacity to think independent of what corporate America has told them – that they need more goods for their lives to become better. In Updike’s eyes, the consumers are “scared pigs in a chute” (242), which is dehumanizing. The rising consumerism at the time had robbed people of the ability to reason out and realize that their lives were more than the goods that they could purchase and consume. The protagonist in the story comments, “I bet you could set off dynamite in an A&P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists” (Updike 240). In this sentence, Updike attempts to highlight how consumerism has turned normal people into zombie-like creatures devoid of the capacity to be aware of their milieu. Given that people do not necessarily need the goods they are buying, corporations have become creative to ensure that consumers are persuaded to spend their money on things they do not require. Therefore, inside the supermarket, everything can be found including the “cat-and-dog-food-breakfast-cereal-macaroni-rice raisins-seasonings-spreads-spaghetti-soft-drinks-crackers-and-cookies aisle” (Updike 240). As such, advertising shifts from directing individuals from what they want to convince them to desire whatever is up for sale. This form of aggressive marketing is seen throughout the story. For instance, herring snacks are not just herring snacks but “Kingfish Fancy Herring Snacks in Pure Sour Cream” (Updike 241). In the quest to promote consumerism, it is not enough to give consumers plain herring snacks – they have to be “fancy” and not just in sour cream, but “pure” sour cream. With the proliferation of goods and unprecedented growth of the economy after the war, the markets were becoming competitive and thus corporates had to resort to these tricks to remain afloat. Consequently, the only way to achieve this goal was to ensure that consumers bought more goods than they needed just for the sake of accumulating useless stuff through endless shopping in places like A&P – a one-stop shop. The message of consumerism stands out clearly in John Updike’s story, A&P. Right from the beginning, the author strives to present a culture of incessant shopping with consumers buying goods that they do not need thanks to corporate America, which has adopted aggressive marketing as companies seek to remain ahead of the competition. Updike notes that shoppers have become like animals – sheep and pigs, without the capacity to think for themselves. Ultimately, consumerism was ruining people’s lives in post-war America and Updike tackles this cultural issue satirically throughout the story. Work Cited Updike, John. “A&P.”, pp. 239-243.

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Write an essay about: The essay discusses the strengths and weaknesses of two high-tech firms competing for a government contract. It is vital for the auditor to choose the most suitable company for the contract, as it has many advantages. The history of both companies reveals their values and ideas about the present and the future of the drone industry.

The essay discusses the strengths and weaknesses of two high-tech firms competing for a government contract. It is vital for the auditor to choose the most suitable company for the contract, as it has many advantages. The history of both companies reveals their values and ideas about the present and the future of the drone industry.

A Government Contract Award Essay (Critical Writing) Introduction The industry of manufacturing drone navigation systems is rapidly growing nowadays. More and more companies are getting involved in it and striving to win government contracts. Collaborating with the federal government has many advantages: substantial revenue, more excellent stability, maximum security, and a good reputation. On the other hand, it has its disadvantages, including numerous regulations, slow payments, and a lack of benefits. Nevertheless, the former considerably outweigh the latter; thus, the fact that the Department of Defense issued a one million dollar contract to a company specializing in the manufacture of drone navigation systems is likely to attract much attention. VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. are the main competitors for this government contract, and it is vital to determine the most worthy winner. The history of VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. (300 words) Both VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. have proved to have their strengths and weaknesses, which are crucial for the auditor, who has to choose the most suitable company for the contract. They are high-tech firms that do their best to stick to the demands of the modern world. Their visions and missions reveal their values and ideas about the present and the future of the drone industry. The companies’ executives and employees endeavor to follow their visions and missions regardless of severe problems they may face. First, Universal Drones Inc. was one of the first in its industry, and it brilliantly succeeded in providing customers with high-quality products. It was formed to make drones more accessible for both ordinary people and different institutions. The firm’s vision communicates the idea of encouraging individuals from diverse backgrounds to look at things from various perspectives through modern technology. Universal Inc. focuses on people who intend to interact with the environment to create something new and useful. Besides, the best engineers from all over the world assemble its products. However, the company’s pricing policy was regarded as unreasonable in the past, since it was one of the monopolists of the drone market because of poor competition. Even though the situation has changed over the last few years, the auditor should pay more attention to the firm’s expenses. Second, VectorCal is a strong and worthy opponent of Universal Drones Inc. The company’s employees are occupied with important developments in the industry of manufacturing drone navigation systems. They work diligently to create products, which are worth full attention and genuine appreciation. VectorCal’s vision implies the significance of technology accessibility for the broad audience in the modern world. Furthermore, its mission presents the firm’s overwhelming desire to create products, which are essential parts of people’s daily lives. VectorCal also focuses on supplying its customers with high-quality products within short periods due to the automated drone assembly technology. Contract Types The auditor must determine the most effective type of contract for both a winner and the Department of Defense at first. There are many types of contract agreements, which differ in market conditions, price competition, contracts’ length, technical complexity, and motivations of all stakeholders (Cox, 2020). The most widely used contract types are fixed-price contracts and reimbursement contracts. It may be challenging to choose the right one, though it is evident that the federal government usually prefers the first option. Firm-Fixed Price Contracts Firm-fixed price contracts are widely used nowadays because of their numerous benefits. The main differences with reimbursement cost contracts include the amount of profit incentive offered by clients for achieving the main goals and the amount of responsibility placed on each stakeholder (Cox, 2020). Firm-fixed price contracts lay more burden on contractors, as prices of products and services are fixed initially and cannot be changed later. Even if some additional costs come out in the process of production or service provision, it is the contractors’ responsibility to deal with them independently. Hence, the federal government prefers this type of contract in most cases. Furthermore, profit incentive is undoubtedly a critical issue for numerous sellers. A fixed price can encourage them to work more diligently, save resources, and meet deadlines. In general, firm-fixed-price contracts motivate executives and employees to work steadily and efficiently to spend less money on direct and indirect expenses to raise more substantial revenue. Reimbursement Contracts The federal government practices reimbursement cost contracts less often because they involve more negotiations and responsibilities than fixed price ones. According to Cox (2020), “These contracts establish an estimate of the total cost for the purpose of obligating funds and establishing a ceiling that the contractor may not exceed without the approval of the contracting officer.” Therefore, it is impossible to determine the final price for provided products or services, as it is recognized at the end. Even though some limits are established, customers do not know the exact sum of money they should pay. These contracts are only used when it is possible to count expenses adequately. Besides, Cox (2020) noted that reimbursement contracts are suitable if agreements are goal-directed (research and development projects) or cost and scope are difficult to estimate. A Contract Type for Each Company Universal Drones Inc. is a company, which has already won numerous contracts and successfully collaborated with the government. Hence, its executives are familiar with firm-fixed-price contracts and are aware of proposing a reasonable price for its products. The company uses qualitative forecasting; thus, reimbursement cost contracts are not a good option. The reason for it is that expert judgment is inefficient in predicting market changes. On the other hand, VectorCal has less experience in collaborating with the government and uses quantitative forecasting. Undoubtedly, conducting numerical analysis is a more robust method than gathering experts’ opinions in manufacturing drone navigation systems because it can produce more accurate results. However, reimbursement contracts are more preferred by VectorCal, as it has worked before with such type in the commercial market. Expenses It is critical to analyze the expenses of both companies before choosing the winner of the government contract. Every company covers direct and indirect costs and the auditor needs to pay full attention to the former and the latter. Without any doubt, VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. incur considerable expenses due to numerous factors, as the manufacture of drone navigation systems involves an enormous amount of money. Indirect Costs Indirect costs involve money that companies spend to keep operating. Office of Acquisition Management and Policy (2017) reported that they “include charges which are frequently referred to as overhead expenses (for example, rent and utilities) and general and administrative fees (for example, officers’ salaries, accounting department costs, and personnel department costs).” Both VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. consume much electricity and heating, as the companies’ facilities occupy a large area. Besides, the process of producing drone navigation systems takes a tremendous amount of energy. factorial is likely to have higher indirect expenses, as the company will need to hire more employees to complete the Department of Defense’s project. Without any doubt, recruitment is costly, especially when a company needs highly skilled workers. Consequently, both VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. incur vast indirect expenses. However, it is evident that the former’s ones are higher because it is smaller and needs to hire qualified engineers to meet the government contract’s goals successfully. Direct costs What is more, indirect costs involve money spent on manufacturing products and providing services. They include labor and materials, which are critical to reaching companies’ goals. Direct costs significantly outweigh indirect costs in most industries. Undoubtedly, the manufacture of drone navigation systems requires various high-quality materials and skillful and responsible employees. Quality is a critical principle in producing drones, as even minor mistakes of workers or some faulty materials are likely to lead to adverse consequences. Therefore, it is essential to pay a high price for good quality for VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. The labor market substantially benefits from the drone industry, as it creates higher-quality jobs paying premium salaries (Ministry of Transport, & Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment. (2019).) In addition, money invested in research and development is referred to as direct expenses. Universal Drones Inc. is famous for its extensive and ground-breaking research and remarkable results. It hired and collaborated with prominent experts in numerous fields. Even though VectorCal’s employees are occupied with significant developments, the company is just beginning its in-depth drone research. The Company to Win the Contact After analyzing all the advantages and disadvantages of VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc., the auditor has to make a final decision and determine the best company. Without any doubt, it should be Universal Drones Inc. due to numerous reasons. First, the federal government has decided to offer a firm-fixed-price contract, and Universal Drones Inc. prefers it. The firm has already signed many different firm-fixed-price contracts with the government, and its executives possess much knowledge on how to deal with them effectively. Second, it is evident that the expenses on this project of Universal Drones Inc. are likely to be considerably lower compared with VectorCal. The former was one of the first companies in the industry of manufacturing drone navigation systems and succeeded in satisfying most of its clients. The number of skillful employees the firm has is considered to be the largest not only in the country but also in the world. Universal Drones Inc. does not need to hire new workers for this project. The firm’s research database is vibrant; thus, it will not invest numerous financial and human resources in it, as there is no need to do it. Finally, Universal Drones Inc. is the best choice if the federal government desire to get high-quality navigation systems. Many satisfied customers claim that its products are among the finest, though prices may be comparatively high. Moreover, thousands of highly skilled employees work diligently to create the best drones, as they receive premium salaries and many other benefits. It is also vital to emphasize the significant role of the company’s research and development in manufacturing excellent goods. Without any doubt, the quality of drone navigation systems is one of the essential factors the Department of Defense will pay attention to. References Cox, P. (2020). Contract types part 1 – firm fixed price and cost reimbursement . Montana PTAC. Web. Ministry of Transport, & Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. (2019). Drones: Benefits study . New Zealand: Lawrence Mcllrath. Office of Acquisition Management and Policy. (2017). Indirect cost: definition and example . Web.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: The article provides a guide to taking a patient's history, including the rationale for taking a comprehensive history of health of the patient, the process of taking the history of the patient not only enables the practitioner to gain valuable information but also provides an opportunity to the patient to present personal account of their health accounts to practitioners. A systematic assessment of the patient's health also provides an opportunity for nurses to establish relationship with patients.

The article provides a guide to taking a patient's history, including the rationale for taking a comprehensive history of health of the patient, the process of taking the history of the patient not only enables the practitioner to gain valuable information but also provides an opportunity to the patient to present personal account of their health accounts to practitioners. A systematic assessment of the patient's health also provides an opportunity for nurses to establish relationship with patients.

“A Guide to Taking a Patient’s History” by Lloyd & Craig Essay (Article Review) The article provides the rationale for taking a comprehensive history of health of the patient stating that the process of taking the history of the patient not enables the practitioner to gain valuable information but also provides an opportunity to the patient to present personal account of their health accounts to practitioners. A systematic assessment of the patient’s health also provides an opportunity for nurses to establish relationship with patients. The article begins with the importance of setting an appropriate environment so that nurse can effectively take the history of patients without any distractions or disturbances. The author also states that nurses need to be “systematic, sensitive and professional” and must ensure that patients are comfortable and able to communicate well with the nurses while providing them with crucial information regarding their health issues. The importance of taking consent from patient before initiating any kind of healthcare intervention including information has been stressed by the author, which is a crucial aspect in the medical field. In the article the author provides valuable insight to nurses so that they can develop the key skills while enquiring their health status from patients. This can be efficiently done by following an appropriate sequence following a “logical and systematic approach”. The techniques of asking questions and whether and when the questions should be “open questions” and “closed questions” have been elucidated in the article. This should be followed by “clarification” so that the patient can confirm all the information and the nurse must ensure that the patient has not forgotten to mention any crucial information. The “Calgary Cambridge Framework’ includes the five stages of obtaining patient history and has been stated to be particularly beneficial to all nurses irrespective of their experiences. The article is particularly interesting because it provides several examples of initiating the patients to facilitate their communication process so that optimal information is obtained from them. the material presented in the article is highly beneficial to me as a nurse because it relates perfectly to my area of study and would enable me to build on vital knowledge so that I can function optimally when trying to obtain information from patients regarding their health issues and problems. Several crucial facts are highlighted in the article which asserts the importance of previous medical history and the mental health of patients. Family history and social history relevance have also been stressed by the author and its importance has been explained. The article provides practical intervention techniques for the health assessment strategies to be applied by nurses so that nurses can perform high quality and accurately recorded interviews. The article is extremely beneficial since it provides the reader with first hand information pertaining to the various symptoms of different illnesses and is a must read and keep for all nurses irrespective of their experience. References Lloyd H, Craig S (2007). A guide to taking a patient’s history. Nursing Standard. 22, 13, 423-48.

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Provide the inputted essay that when summarized resulted in the following summary : The discussion provided by Mihir A. Desai entitled "The Decentering of the Global Firm" is a rational approach toward the contemporary flow of companies in the worldwide strategy of globalization. The work is structurally well-composed with points on the argumentative base of the theme outline.

The discussion provided by Mihir A. Desai entitled "The Decentering of the Global Firm" is a rational approach toward the contemporary flow of companies in the worldwide strategy of globalization. The work is structurally well-composed with points on the argumentative base of the theme outline.

A Multinational Firm With a Particular National Identity Essay (Article) The discussion provided by Mihir A. Desai entitled “The Decentering of the Global Firm” is a rational approach toward the contemporary flow of companies in the worldwide strategy of globalization. The work is structurally well-composed with points on the argumentative base of the theme outlined. Moreover, the ability of the author to use direct examples according to each peculiarity in the provision of worldwide policy by major players in the world arena is colored with the assumption of his thorough observation of how business is promoted in the present time in contrast with the previous times. All in all the flow of the author’s thoughts is built in a rather comprehensive key so that to identify the main reasons for “decentering of a global firm” with peculiar actions provided by its administration. The paper briefly reviews the work by Desai in terms of whether a multinational firm with a particular national identity and a corporate headquarters fixed in one country is obsolete today, and what factors should be taken into account while arguing this issue. With regards to the active use of information systems and high technologies, the implementation of strategic management with its risks and advantages seems in the article one of the main prospects for decentering of large companies. There are several reasons which state the necessity of global transformation in a firm with a national identity. Among them are: taxation conditions in different countries, labor costs, proved reputation of a country according to financial activities, close location to financial, transportation and other hubs or centers, etc. It is vital to define what reasons drive the corporate structures of the major companies in their spread of headquarters and subsidiaries? There is a need for a strategic management department in a company to place its key representatives in the most advantageous points of the world to provide verification and stability of management processes. Also, the managerial power should be in the dynamics of world processes and events for decision making and in-time reaction wherever in the world to be first in a definite field of activities. Desai (2008) in this respect rightly uses the division of global multinational companies in terms of their location into three major approaches, namely: * Financial home; * Legal home; * Home for managerial talent. Thereupon, the author insists on the stability of this tripartite structure, for the relocation may cause organizational change. It is true, as for me, because such an example is seen in the case of organizational change provided in the Boeing Company in 2004 when the headquarters were relocated from Seattle to Chicago, which made the Seattle relations of the personnel severed (Sweetman, 2004). Though, turning to the homes of MNC HQ Desai outlines that a financial home is a place where a company’s shares are saved; a legal home is a location for convenient tax obligation for a company and an investor; a home for managerial talent is placed in the locations with relevant labor markets, and local regulations (Desai, 2008). It is seen that a large company should follow the direction of global decentering of main powers of it around the world because those which are faithful toward the national identity only lag behind the leaders and are also obsolete for contemporary conditions of world business strategy. According to this Desai (2008) underlines a statement that the “notion of a firm with a unique national identity is quickly fading” (19). Reference Desai, M. A. (2008). The Decentering of the Global Firm . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University and NBER. Sweetman, B. (2004). ‘Boeing, Boeing, Gone?’ Popular Science , 264(6), 95-99.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: A program called Take Action was started in California to help improve the productivity of employees by getting them to eat more vegetables and fruits.The Take Action program is a worksite program that is free of cost and lasts for ten weeks. It is a web-based program that focuses on improving the health of employees by increasing their consumption of vegetables and fruits. The program aims at improving the health of employees, increasing the productivity of the company by making the employees efficient, and decreasing absenteeism.

A program called Take Action was started in California to help improve the productivity of employees by getting them to eat more vegetables and fruits. The Take Action program is a worksite program that is free of cost and lasts for ten weeks. It is a web-based program that focuses on improving the health of employees by increasing their consumption of vegetables and fruits. The program aims at improving the health of employees, increasing the productivity of the company by making the employees efficient, and decreasing absenteeism.

A Program ‘Take Action’ in a Company Productivity Essay Introduction There is a relation between productivity of a company and health of the employees of that company. Good health of the employees of a company determines the growth and higher productivity of that company. “Savvy employers know that healthy employees demonstrate increased productivity and morale and lower health care costs.” (1) Businesses in California realized the importance of the wellness of the employees. They started a program to focus on the efficiency of the employees. Overweight and obesity are the major health problems that the employees suffer and they are hazards for them to perform their work efficiently. In order to overcome these health problems they started “Take Action” program. This program is conducted in many of the hospitals, companies and institutions to make their employees efficient. This program can be applied on a universal principle which is known as cause and effect principle. This program envisages consumption of vegetables and fruits by the employees, thereby reducing overweight, obesity and other health problems that might affect the employees in their efficiency. The “abundance of fruits and vegetables helps keep workers focused and full of energy.” (2) This paper presents what is ‘Take Action’ program, effectiveness of ‘take action’ program in relation to consumption of vegetables and fruits, and the limitations of the program and strategies to overcome the limitations (3) Take Action’ Program ‘Take action’ program is a worksite program which is free of cost, lasting for ten weeks. It is a web-based program. It focuses on improving health of the employees by increasing their consumption of vegetables and fruits. The program aims at improving health of the employees, increasing the productivity of the company by making the employees efficient, and “decreasing absenteeism.” This program was first introduced in California. (4) Aims and goals of the program Employees’ active, cognitive, and physical activity need more nutritional food. Vegetables and fruits are the best providers of nutrition. Increasing the amount in consumption of vegetables and fruits increases the efficiency of the employees in a firm or institution. Today, the major hazards of the employees are overweight and obesity which are result of improper diet and lack of physical exercises. So, physical exercise and consumption of fruits and vegetables are the best way to get rid of overweight and obesity. ‘Take Action’ program aims at increasing the productivity of the employees by increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables and regular physical exercises. Healthy and productive employees are the most vital asset as far as an institution or a company is concerned. In this competitive world, the employees have to perform their level best to withstand the intra and inter institutional competitions. This program is going to be an attractive strategy for enhancing the overall wellness of employees. Objectives 1. Conducting ten week, web-based program to tackle the health problems of the employees. 2. Maximizing the productivity of the company through increasing the employees’ consumption of vegetables and fruits, and physical exercises. 3. Bringing mutual support and morale among the employees. (4) Limitations of ‘Take Action’ Program The following limitations are found to be affecting the success of this program: 1. Difference in work schedule 2. Adaptability of employees 3. Sustainability 4. Availability of quality fruits and vegetables 5. Lack of universal applicability. Difference in work schedule In many firms and institutions, the employees have different work schedules like night shifts, overtime etc. In such a situation, the employees are deployed at different locations at the same time. Therefore, it is difficult to bring all of them together under a single roof. The officials have to allot fixed time to execute this program. This may affect overall work schedule of the firm or institution. The sudden shift in the work schedules may put pressure on the employees and this may lead to decline in productivity. Thus, it has a neutralising effect, that is, on the one hand the company is trying to extract maximum output from the employees by executing these types of programs, and on the other hand, the employees are facing undesirable outcomes. (5) Adaptability of employees The employees come from different socio-economic backgrounds. They may have various responsibilities in their families. In a normal working condition, they are able to keep punctuality. But, in case of a slight variation in any area of their job, like shift in time schedule etc, they may not be able to cope up with the situation as the employer demands. Here is a controversy. The institution is trying to implement ‘take action’ program so as to attain growth of the company through improving health, reducing absenteeism, building morale, and enhancing productivity of the employees. On the other hand, inability of the employees to adapt may counteract with the company’s perspectives. Since the adaptability of the employees is a crucial factor in determining the growth and progress of a company, the officials cannot overlook this factor. So, the company officials have to set aside a specific period of time to make the employees adaptable to whatever situation the company demands. (6) Sustainability Basically, this is a ten week program. Four stages are involved in this program. They are planning, promotion, activity, and evaluation-cum-celebration. During activity stage, the employees are allowed to choose the food they want to consume. Along with this, they are provided with education materials, seminars, workshops etc, to make them aware about this strategy. The short duration of this program may not bring the expected result because this short period of ten weeks is inadequate. However, this may bring some desirable changes in the employees. After completion of the program, what will be the next step taken by the company? If the company terminates this program, it will not meet the objectives. So, it is necessary to ensure the sustainability of this program and make it a success. Here, the term sustainability means “maintaining and continuing the programme services.” (7) For that, a long term plan is necessary to prevent relapse. (8) Availability of quality fruits and vegetables Availability of fruits and vegetables of good quality is another obstacle. Nowadays, to increase the production of fruits and vegetables, a lot of chemicals and pesticides are being used. This results in a hike in production and a decline in quality. Most of the fruits and vegetables available in the market are polluted with these poisonous chemicals. In this condition, it may be very difficult to get fresh and quality fruits and vegetables. The company officials have to ensure the availability of good quality fruits and vegetables; otherwise it may harm the health of the employees. In order to ensure the availability of quality fruits and vegetables the company can take the advantage of “farmers’ markets.” (9) Let the employees of the company know when the “farmers’ market will open, the day and times of operation, and when the farmers’ market will close.” (10) Even though the Americans are consuming the required amount of fruits and vegetables per day, there is not much improvement in their health. The reason behind this might be the usage of contaminated fruits and vegetables. So, while implementing ‘take action’ program, the company officials should consider this fact. Lack of universal applicability The applicability of this employee wellness program is questionable, since the working condition and requirements of companies operating in different sectors are different from each other. Strategies to overcome the limitations Awareness program The program focuses on the wellness of the employees. So, the employees have to play a crucial role in this. In order to make them well equipped, they should be provided with a well input session. This session should deal with the objectives and goals of the program, methodology and importance of health, reducing absenteeism, building up of morale in the growth of the company as well as individual development. (11) Frequent health check-up This is an ongoing evaluation of the health condition of the employees who are participating in the ‘take action’ program. Since the employees belong to different age groups, vulnerability of one employee will be different from the other. So, there should be a regular health check-up of the employees. The major health check-up include Haemoglobin count, platelet count, blood sugar and lipid profile. This will enable the company officials to get rid of complexities and help them change the plan of action in need. (12) The Processes of evaluation Many people think that evaluation process is something related to substantiate the success or defect of a program. This step will indicate the shortcomings and thereby effective steps can be taken to improve the program next time. This will help one to continuously upgrade the standard of the program by accepting feedback. (13) In this context, we will adopt summative method of evaluation which is usually done after the completion of the ‘take action’ program. This is advantageous since this action plan is having short time duration. While evaluating, one should take into consideration the number of employees participated, the method adopted, the extent of physical activities done, the measures taken to reduce absenteeism, the steps taken to improve productivity of the employees and building morale. A comparison between the situation before the implementation of this action plan and after the implementation is essential to measure the effectiveness of the program. In this way, one can come to a conclusion about the outcome (immediate effect) and impact (long term effect). Generally speaking, the process of evaluation comprises three different steps. They are: 1. Understanding the objectives and strategies involved 2. Planning the sequence of evaluation 3. Implementation of the evaluation process (14) Conclusion ‘Take action’ is a program that envisages maximizing the productivity of a company by increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruits by its employees. This is a short term and web-based program having four different steps. This is an employee oriented one with a lot of significance. Though it is an effective program with regard to many of the firms and institutions, there is still doubt about its universal applicability. The main limitations of the program are adaptability of the employees, sustainability of the program and availability of fresh fruits and vegetables. Some strategies to overcome the limitations of this program are also given in this paper. Reference List 1. Check for health: work place environmental assesssement: how healthy is your workplace: why complete check for health. Champion for Change. 2008. Web. 2. Healthy meeting policies: ideas for healthy food options at meetings: for meals during meetings. Champion for Change. 2008. Web. 3. Employers: take action: program overview. Take Action! A Worksite Employee Wellness Program. 2009. Web. 4. Take action. Take Action! A Worksite Employee Wellness Program. 2009. Web. 5. Crawford D, Jeffery RW. Obesity prevention and public health. Oxford University Press; 2005. 6. Resnick H. Adaptable employees make companies more competitive . Jacksonville Business Journal. 2003. Web. 7. Program sustainability: developing the strategies for maintaining programs over the long- term: sustainability. American Indian Development Associates. 2001. Web. 8. Simplify sustainability program management with business ERP software from Lawson. Articlesbase. 2009. Web. 9. Establishing a worksite farmers’ market: getting ready to open the farmers’ market. Champion for Change. 2008. Web. 10. Establishing a worksite farmers’ market: promoting the farmers’ market. Champion for Change. 2008. Web. 11. Education materials and activities. Take Action! A Worksite Employee Wellness Program. 2009. Web. 12. Apollo health checks. Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals. Web. 13. McNamara C. Basic guide to program evaluation. Free Management Library. 2009. Web. 14. Duvall J, Wolske K, Montgomery N. Planning and implementing an EE evaluation. Meera. 2007. Web.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The term beauty has diverse definitions depending on an individual's viewpoint. Female members of society find the art of social beauty useful in establishing a family. The film Dying to be Thin presents a relevant scenario in which female ballerinas take extreme health precautions to maintain a fit body shape. The medical team was working alongside the ballerinas to maintain fitness, then identified anorexia and bulimia nervosa as common eating disorders affecting the athletes.

The term beauty has diverse definitions depending on an individual's viewpoint. Female members of society find the art of social beauty useful in establishing a family. The film Dying to be Thin presents a relevant scenario in which female ballerinas take extreme health precautions to maintain a fit body shape. The medical team was working alongside the ballerinas to maintain fitness, then identified anorexia and bulimia nervosa as common eating disorders affecting the athletes.

A Reaction Paper on Dying to Be Thin Film Essay The term beauty has diverse definitions depending on an individual’s viewpoint. Female members of society find the art of social beauty useful in establishing a family. The film Dying to be Thin presents a relevant scenario in which female ballerinas take extreme health precautions to maintain a fit body shape (McPhee, 2004). Professional healthcare experts, however, reveal underlying medical conditions the athletes face. The medical team was working alongside the ballerinas to maintain fitness, then identified anorexia and bulimia nervosa as common eating disorders affecting the athletes. Anorexia nervosa is a health condition associated with eating patterns to assure a certain body weight. This film is objective in highlighting both mental and physical efforts for maintaining the fitness of the body. Bulimia nervosa is also highlighted in the film as a common disorder among the majority of people (McPhee, 2004). This condition is attributed to unregulated eating patterns among individuals with normal body weight according to medical standards. Most importantly, normal health is enhanced by eating practices which value nutrition in food diets instead of quantity. I find the documentary informative in explaining the extreme conditions associated with eating disorders. Many people in modern societies have adopted an interesting pattern of eating aimed at maintaining a certain body weight. However, these individuals expose their health to serious medical conditions, as identified in the film. It is important to note starvation is a common social practice attributed to poor eating behaviors. Depriving oneself of a healthy diet can result in both short and long-term illnesses (McPhee, 2004). As a result, maintaining a given body weight should be guided by nutritional experts for accurate positive outcomes. Moreover, the film has been objective in highlighting the influence of popular personalities in determining social behavior (McPhee, 2004). Social media, for instance, celebrities influence their followers to improve sales using strategic communication practices aimed at determining consumer preferences. The documentary notes that positive social impact is critical in enhancing awareness of eating disorders (McPhee, 2004). Vital medical concepts can be relayed to promote healthy eating patterns, through social media platforms, for avoiding chronic weight illnesses. Eating disorders form a part of prolonged illnesses attributed to unhealthy practices of consuming food. Objectively, the course has been useful in highlighting the essence of health among individuals. For instance, scheduling an outdoor physical activity as a morning routine is significant in maintaining health. Regular medical checkups for diagnosing illnesses are also a critical practice for guaranteeing the normal biological functioning of a human body. Besides, the course has facilitated an adequate understanding of physical fitness in relation to mental health. The film noted that the ballerinas experienced instances of solitude and sadness when they violated standard bodyweight regulations for the sport (McPhee, 2004). It indicates that eating disorders can result in related health complications if allowed to develop without early medical intervention. In conclusion, lessons obtained from the film reflect class objectives regarding an informed description of healthy eating. Medical experts advise the clients to engage in cautious food consumption in diets containing a high nutritional value for maintaining normal body weight. The film has been objective in explaining eating disorders associated with negative professional influence evidenced by the ballerinas. However, the film raises several questions on the relevance and applicability of eating disorders. For instance, how can eating disorders arise from poor short-term food consumption behavior? Similarly, when should individuals with poor food consumption attributes be medically diagnosed with an eating disorder? Lastly, what signs and symptoms identify related medical conditions of chronic eating disorders? Reference McPhee, L. (Director). (2004). Dying to Be Thin. Web.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: The essay discusses the cinematography of A Star is Born, focusing on the use of shot sizes, camera movements, and cinematography. The essay also highlights the importance of location and sound elements in the film.

The essay discusses the cinematography of A Star is Born, focusing on the use of shot sizes, camera movements, and cinematography. The essay also highlights the importance of location and sound elements in the film.

A Star Is Born: A Musical Film Analysis Report (Assessment) Shot sizes: extreme close-up. In the final scene, Ally is singing a song in memory of her husband. The long shot, when she is standing in front of the audience, is changed by the extreme close-up focused on the main heroine. This sequence shows the scale of emotion and sorrow that starts with the public and ends with her deep personal loss. Camera movements: tracking shot. A tracking shot is used in the scene where Ally is walking towards Jack after having a panic attack over her album. Coming from the bathroom where she had a call with her drag queen friends, encouraging her and congratulating her success, she decides to face her fears. Thus, tracking shot – when a camera is behind the character – reflects her determination and allures to the opening title scene where Ally is walking from work and singing. Cinematography: point-of-view shot. A point-of-view shot was used in the movie multiple times. For instance, all musical scenes were shot from the musicians’ perspective (Covill, 2019). However, the scene that took place after Ally and Jack’s first performance, helps to convey the main character’s emotional state. The spectator sees through the eyes of Ally a crowd of people surrounding Jack and can immediately relate to the feeling of being lost and uncomfortable as she was just setting in into the musician’s life. Aspects of mise-en-scène: location. As the movie concentrates on following a singer’s journey to fame, it is obvious that the change of location would be a meaningful tool to emphasize it. It is interesting to see how the action moves from a drag bar where the story starts to big venues where Ally performs at the end of the film. Sound elements: diegetic sound. The movie is filled with diegetic sounds that make the narrative realistic and alive. However, there is one scene where diegetic sound is almost absent. When Jack decides to kill himself and takes a few moments before closing the garage door, all sounds seem to disappear. The viewer can only hear Jack breathing, and it fully reflects the character’s state of despair and loneliness. Editing: shot/reverse-shot. This technique is normally used to give viewers a sense of linear action. However, Star is Born has a special meaning for showing the relationship between people. Thus, in the film scene, when Jack and Ally are sitting at the grocery store parking lot after their first acquaintance, this technique is used. The audience can see how in this dialogue the two characters establish their special connection and fall in love. Reference Covill, M. (2019). The cinematography of ‘A Star is Born’. Film School Rejects. Web.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: The text discusses an art installation by Kara Walker called A Subtlety, which is a sugar-coated sculpture of a sphinx-like woman that resembles the Great Sphinx of Giza in size and material. The artwork addresses cultural and historical impacts of slavery and their reflection in the American public memory.

The text discusses an art installation by Kara Walker called A Subtlety, which is a sugar-coated sculpture of a sphinx-like woman that resembles the Great Sphinx of Giza in size and material. The artwork addresses cultural and historical impacts of slavery and their reflection in the American public memory.

“A Subtlety” by Kara Walker: The Art Installation Essay (Review) A Subtlety is an art installation by Kara Walker featuring a sugar-coated sculpture of a sphinx-like woman resembling the Great Sphinx of Giza with its size and material. Since the statue is made of sugar, it is a temporary artwork, which will remain only in the pictures and in the memories of those who observed it. The similarity of the artwork to the ancient Egyptian statue reminds me of the metaphor of digging used by Benjamin Walter (2006) to describe the process of exploring the past through memory. The abandoned building of the former sugar factory refreshes the memories of the long-forgotten era of slavery, while the sculpture depicts the black women who used to work there. The artwork addresses cultural and historical impacts of slavery and their reflection in the American public memory. The installation of monumental scale is located at the site of the former Domino Sugar Factory in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and commemorates the slaves who worked at the factory (Smith, 2014). The sculpture is a monument to the dark history of slavery and the sugar trade, causing the spread of discrimination and racism, which makes the artwork relevant. Walker shows how slave ownership and trade put the shade on the Americans of all races and how racism is still present years after the emancipation. The artist utilized polystyrene, sugar, and molasses since the materials imitate the texture of limestone used in the Great Sphynx and serve as a metaphor for the issue of sugar-coating of American history. The art medium creates the authentic atmosphere of a sugar factory, as the structure produces a sweet and rotting smell and refers to the decay of the American society at the times of slavery. White color was selected for the sculpture to reflect the quality of light, while little black figures of boys made of molasses create the contrast between light and dark, raw and cooked. The dark walls of the former factory covered with rust contrast with the radiant white sculpture. The expansive space of the factory allowed Kara Walker to create a large three-dimensional monument underlining the significance of the public memory as opposed to the sugar-coated history written by white Americans. The concept of the artwork based on the conflict between public memory and the sugar-coating of history is related to Freud’s definition of screen memory. Freud suggested that a screen memory “comes to mind in the place of, and in order to conceal, an associated but repressed memory” (Burgin, 2012, p. 179). Kara Walker tried to expose the problem of screen memory in history, which replaces the tragedy and suffering fixed in the public memory of African Americans with the positive image of the era. Thus, public memory does not recover the events as they happened but preserves the way they were perceived by people, while history merely describes the facts, which might be false. The art of Kara Walker reflects the degrading nature of slavery and its place in the collective memory of the American people. The artist is famous for her comedic wall installations depicting black slaves with their white slaveholders in the American South, as well as the statue of Abraham Lincoln, who advocated against slavery (Smith, 2014). Walker combines metaphor with reality to demonstrate how the slavery business enriched white Americans, but damaged African Americans and resulted in the widespread issue of racism and discrimination. The problem of sugar-coated history is the reoccurring motif in the artworks by Kara Walker, who exposes exploitation and degradation imprinted on the collective memory of African Americans, but sometimes forgotten or ignored by others. Esme Timbery, Shellwork Slippers , 2008 Shellwork Slippers is an artwork by the Bidjigal artist Esme Timbery, which consists of 200 pairs of colourful children’s slippers decorated with shells and glitter. The installation embodies the personal memories of Timbery, who dedicated the art piece to her grandmother’s craftsmanship and the generations of Aboriginal women connected by the art of shellwork. According to Gilchrist (2016), for Indigenous Australians “the new has no meaning without the old” (p. 19). Thus, the artwork provokes the memories of travel, beaches, and oceans, while it is also an homage to the traditional Aboriginal practices of shellwork passed down from mothers to daughters. The work is a memorial to the Stolen Generations, which reflects Timbery’s experience with the cruel policy of the Australian government resulting in the removal of thousands of Aboriginal children from their families. The policy remains in the public memory of the small community of Indigenous Australians as a tragedy (Kembrey, 2018). The measure promoted by the government to supply the cheap workforce for wealthy households limited the ability of the children to receive education and reconnect with their parents. The artwork is made of shell, glitter, fabric, cardboard, and glue. The medium allowed the artist to connect the traditional materials with modern art supplies, which might be considered as a bridge between the past and the present of the Indigenous Australians. The shells were specifically collected from the waters of La Perouse area where the artist grew up and began her craftsmanship. The slippers serve as a reference to the children abducted from their families, while colourful fabric represents the artist’s hope for their well-being and her attempt to preserve the memory of the victims. The concept of screen memories by Freud might explain the artist’s use of children’s sleepers in the artwork related to Timbery’s individual memories and the collective memory of the Indigenous Australians. According to Burgin (2012), the childhood memories “acquire the significance” of screen memories and draw an analogy with the public memory and its legends and myths (p. 182). The artwork was heavily influenced by the Indigenous Australians’ conceptions of time and memory, which connect “both the ancestral and natural worlds” (Gilchrist, 2016, p. 19). Indigenous people and their artefacts are often ignored or excluded by cultural institutions, such as museums and art galleries, which gradually erase their presence from the collective memory of the Australians. Thus, the artist’s goal was to preserve the traditional techniques of shellwork and display the art of the Indigenous Australians to the public in order to oppose its removal from history and the present. The art of Esme Timbery combines her childhood experiences of crafting with her grandmother, a renowned shell worker, and the collective memory of the Indigenous Australians affected by the tragedy of the Stolen Generations. The Bidjigal artist aims to preserve the tradition of shellwork because of its ability to connect several generations of the Indigenous Australian women who left behind the artefacts representing their unique culture (Kembrey, 2018). Timbery also takes inspiration from her memories of childhood trips to the beach with her mother and aunts and selling her first works at Paddy’s Markets. Ai Weiwei, Coca Cola Vase , 2007 Coca Cola Vase is the artwork by an artist and activist Ai Weiwei that bears the logo of the famous soft drink. The vase presents the combination of the old and the new, while it also serves as a striking cultural and political statement. As the collective memory is based on symbols, the artist demonstrates how the memory of the Chinese nation based on unique philosophy and traditions is being replaced with new ideas instilled by globalization. The meaning of the artwork is open to interpretation, as some may find it beautiful and original, while others might view it as disrespectful to Chinese history and promoting consumerism. The ancient Chinese vase is used by the dissident artist to reveal the problem of China’s rapid growth and its transformation into one of the largest consumer markets in the world. As economic progress requires more goods to be produced and sold, many Chinese cities like Beijing are being reconstructed. Art is the medium for Ai Weiwei to express his concerns with the actions of the Chinese government that demolishes or reconstructs traditional courtyards, hutongs, and replaces entire historical districts with new buildings (Benson, 2019). Thus, the artwork shows the destructive impact of Western capitalism or the communism that infiltrated the traditional Eastern culture as illustrated by the famous logo that ruins the ancient vase. The artist used the acrylic paint over the Han-dynasty vase. The contemporary material with its bright red colour produced a dramatic contrast with the ancient Chinese vase and its natural shade. The medium creates the effect that the historically significant and expensive vase is lost behind the American emblem of consumerism (Benson, 2019). The vase was recycled by the artist and lost its original historical value, but acquired the new quality of a cultural counter-memory artefact. Alternatively, the artist’s choice of red colour might be interpreted as a reference to the Communist party that had a great impact on the culture and public memory of the Chinese nation. Ai Weiwei’s art reflects his refusal to accept the fact that every aspect of life in China, including public memory, is controlled and regulated by the communist government. Walter (2006) states that genuine memory must “yield an image of the person who remembers”, but for Ai, the government shapes and alters the memories, not individuals (p. 576). The artist’s strained relationship with consumerism also stems from his attitude to pubic memory. The vase demonstrates the ability of the consumer culture to bury the traditions and memories of the nation, which creates confusion and helps to maintain a certain ideology. Therefore, Ai Weiwei’s counter-memory might be regarded as an instrument for excavating the authentic memories of the Chinese and restoring the culture to its original state. Ai Weiwei’s counter-memory stems from his family’s past and their fight for justice. The artist’s private memory of China at the times of Maoist communism is different from the collective memory of many other Chinese citizens. Ai’s father was an artist and poet who was imprisoned and sent to a labour camp for his criticism of the government (Hattenstone, 2020). As a dissident artist and activist, Ai Weiwei follows his father’s steps and refuses to accept the duality of the government that alters historical facts and imposes the totalitarian political regime. The artist stands up against the Western consumerism erasing culturally-significant artefacts of the past from the collective memory of the Chinese. Ai was punished for his anti-communist views when his art studio in Beijing’s hutongs was destroyed by the officials, so he left China in 2015 seeking refuge in Germany. References Benson, L. (2019). Coca-Cola meets China: Ai Weiwei’s subversive symbolism. Elephant . Web. Burgen, V. (2012). Strange temporalities. In I. Farr (Ed.), Memory (pp. 176–183). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Gilchrist, S. (Ed.). (2016). Everywhen: The eternal present in indigenous art from Australia . Cambridge, MA: Harvard Art Museums. Hattenstone, S. (2020). Ai Weiwei on his new life in Britain: ‘People are at least polite. In Germany, they weren’t’. The Guardian . Web. Kembrey, M. (2018). The shell seeker: Esme Timbery’s journey from Paddy’s Markets to the Biennale. The Sydney Morning Herald . Web. Smith, Roberta. (2014). Sugar? Sure, but salted with meaning. The New York Times . Web. Walter, B. (2006). Excavation and memory. In M. Bullock and M. W. Jennings (Eds.), Selected writings (vol. 2) (p. 576). Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The essay discusses the three most significant areas of a contract for the purchase of a technology system. These areas are general provisions, which act as an opening clause; subject matter, which introduces the technology system and related information; and additional information, which includes obligations to the parties, closing date, termination conditions, and the closing statement that mentions personal signatures of the parties' representatives.

The essay discusses the three most significant areas of a contract for the purchase of a technology system. These areas are general provisions, which act as an opening clause; subject matter, which introduces the technology system and related information; and additional information, which includes obligations to the parties, closing date, termination conditions, and the closing statement that mentions personal signatures of the parties' representatives.

A Technology System Purchase Contract Essay Every contract for the purchase of a technology system typically addresses three areas, and the given paper will comment on them. The first area can be called general provisions, and it acts as an opening clause. This section introduces the seller and the buyer and mentions the exhaustive information regarding these actors. It refers to full names, addresses, licenses, patents, and other data. According to the Law Insider, this area should also demonstrate that parties have a mutual interest in entering the agreement (1). The given section is of significance for every legal document since it determines who will be liable according to the contact and why. The second area introduces the subject of a contract and related information. It refers to multiple aspects, including a technology system, price, payment conditions, warranties, and others (Law Insider 2). It can be considered the most significant area of a contract for the purchase of a technology system. It is so because this information stipulates what this system is, what features it should have, and how much money the buyer is obliged to pay. Even though such a contract refers to an intangible object, precise specifications are required to ensure that neither of the parties can use the contract inefficiencies to misbehave or place the other side in a disadvantaged position. The third area typically presents additional information that is essential for the buyer and the seller to regulate their relationship within a legal domain. As for the example by Law Insider, this area includes obligations to the parties, closing date, termination conditions, and the closing statement that mentions personal signatures of the parties’ representatives. This section is also significant because it describes what the parties are expected and obliged to do to meet their legal obligations. This information also demonstrates when a closing date arrives and when the parties lose their liabilities, according to the document. Furthermore, this area comments on what should happen to terminate the contract prior to its closing date. Finally, one can state that all three areas are of significance for every deal. Work Cited Law Insider. “Technology Purchase Agreement.” 2020, Web.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The author argues that from the beginning, the human form was meant to receive some type of counselling. It can be agreed that human nature seeks understanding and revelation, and so, to some extent, the suggested premise is true. Due to the fact that man is dependent on his creator, it can, therefore, be concluded that there is significant need for the use of theology in counseling. One can also agree with the author that the first man brings out the importance of outside counsel

The author argues that from the beginning, the human form was meant to receive some type of counselling. It can be agreed that human nature seeks understanding and revelation, and so, to some extent, the suggested premise is true. Due to the fact that man is dependent on his creator, it can, therefore, be concluded that there is significant need for the use of theology in counseling. One can also agree with the author that the first man brings out the importance of outside counsel

Jay E. Adams: A Theology of Christian Counseling Essay (Book Review) Chapter One The first chapter of the book looks into the use of theology in counselling. The author argues that from the beginning, the human form was meant to receive some type of counselling. It can be agreed that human nature seeks understanding and revelation, and so, to some extent, the suggested premise is true. Due to the fact that man is dependent on his creator, it can, therefore, be concluded that there is significant need for the use of theology in counseling. One can also agree with the author that the first man brings out the importance of outside counsel in leading a positive life. In the case of Adam, he heeded bad counsel and this led to expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Chapter Two Adams (1986) gives an in-depth definition of theology and its relation to counseling in chapter two of the book. The author argues that when the scripture is not well interpreted, it can lead to negative actions after a theological therapy. This chapter is rich due to the fact that it provides practical examples that highlight both how scripture can be used for good and bad in counseling. Of course, the author explains that counselors who use theology should be careful in their description and analysis of scripture as pertains to their patient’s life in order to avert negative consequences. Chapter Three The author takes a hard stance on the influence and importance of non-theological counseling measures. Indeed, Jesus is referred to as a great counselor yet the Bible does not indicate that he used any type of modern (then) strategies. Towards this end, Adams (1986) is convinced that a counselor only needs to understand scripture in order to be good at their work. The premise purported by the scholar is harsh towards people of other faiths (who he refers to as non-believers). However, scripture does not shun these people away but encourages Christians to welcome them into the fold. This is not considered in the chapter, making the arguments presented incomplete. Chapter Four One of the striking elements of this chapter is the extensive use of evidence from the Bible. The author has used scripture to show the doctrine of God in relation to man’s basic environment. One can agree with the author that there are sinners who know that what they are doing is wrong. However, the author argues that all sinners are aware that what they are doing is wrong. This can be disputed strongly by the fact that when Jesus was on the cross he prayed and said “for they do not know what they are doing”. Additionally, the chapter assumes that people who need counseling are sinning in one way or the other. However, Christian counseling is not just about finding forgiveness for sin but also further understanding one’s self and his or her purpose. Chapter Five Chapter five is one of the shortest chapters in the publication. One interesting thing about the chapter is that it allows the reader to write his or her own ideas on the book. The author provides a page ad instructs the reader to write their thoughts on how the different names and representations of God in the Bible affect their perceptions. One can agree with the author that the name chosen by a patient (in prayer and therapy) to refer to God has an impact on the individual’s outcome of the sessions. Some of the names that have been sampled by the author include Jehovah Shammah and Jehovah Jireh. Chapter Six This chapter is a continuation of the previous two chapters. The author focuses on the role of prayer in Christian counseling. There are two main things that make the chapter stand out. The first is the importance that prayer is given in relation to the counselors own well-being. It can be agreed that the counselor has to pray for him/herself and also for his/her patients. This is a refreshing thought due to the fact that most counselors think only about their patients and not their own wellbeing. The second critical element of the chapter is the use of prayer in the therapy sessions. It is important to note that whereas the author insists on the importance of prayer during sessions, he refrains from dictating when such should be offered, which can be viewed as a positive thing. Chapter Seven Chapter seven reiterates the importance of using Christian counseling as opposed to traditional counseling to help patients. The author argues that even within Christian counseling, there are some strategies that work better than others. He argues that Christian counsellors have to use the principle of discipleship in order to attain favorable results during therapy sessions. One can agree that Christian counseling is founded on principles of discipleship. The scholar argues that the stated principle promotes a father-son context. It is debatable that this is the approach that should be used by Christian counselors. One can, however, agree that the issue of discipleship should be in relation to serving the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit through counseling. Chapter Eight In this chapter, the author insists that Christian therapists should only use scripture as basis for their anthological anecdotes and strategies. Critically, there are numerous literature that have been used to shape the idea of Christian counseling to date. In fact, this book under review is one of such literary works. Indeed, one can fully agree to the fact that the Bible should be the center of any Christian counseling sessions. However, one can disagree with the argument that Christian therapists should not use any other anthology literal works to help in their practice. Caution has to be made, however, in choosing some literary works that might help a client or even the counselor him/herself. Chapter Nine Indeed, there are times when patients who need counseling have committed a sin. This chapter analyzes how a Christian therapist should handle such individuals in light of the doctrines of man. Adams (1986) is categorical in stating that not all consequences of a person’s life are related to their sins. Sometimes, the sins of others affect their close family, relatives and even friends in such a way that they (the affected) need therapy. One can agree with Adams (1986) argument that due to this complexity, it is not encouraged to treat feelings alone. The scriptures that are selected should also be able to equip the patient with knowledge to sustain his or her faith. Chapter Ten Habit is a critical part of human everyday life. This aspect is clearly captured in chapter ten of the publication. The author believes that Christian counselors often ignore the importance of habit when dealing with their patients. One can argue that there are some habits that have to be changed in order to fully live a Christian life. Critically, and as the chapter denotes, some patients might not realize that it is some of their habits that lead to either their sinning or feeling emotionally and mentally unwell. It is, thus, the work of the counselor to help the patient figure out what bad habits they have and how changing them can positively affect their lives. Chapter Eleven The author takes time to note some of the ways sin can influence mental health. It can be stated that a true Christian who understands his or her actions will know if they have done something wrong. Indeed, as mentioned before, this might not be the case all the time. However, due to this, there are some mental challenges that might affect the patient based on this. The scholar identifies three elements such as lack of sleep, bodily incapability, and erroneous definition of scripture. It should be noted that the author fails to also highlight an attitude concern that is often common in Christians who are mentally ill due to sin. Chapter Twelve The importance of hope in Christian counseling is critical. This is fully highlighted in chapter twelve of the book. In the attainment of redemption, one has to forgive himself or herself of her sinful past. It is important to note that the author does explain the importance of forgiveness of self in the chapter. Additionally, Adams (1986) argues that there has to be a clear differentiation between past, present and future. One can agree that the three elements will ensure a wholesome healing for any patient. The chapter draws inspiration from several Biblical verses, making it highly impactful. It is always important for a theology therapist to draw motivation and even solutions from the scripture. Chapter Thirteen Chapter thirteen is a continuation of the previous chapter and looks at forgiveness in a more in-depth approach. The fact that the scholar starts by identifying what he refers to as the language of forgiveness in the Bible is important for both an average reader and a counselor. It is important to note that even though the chapter has focused on how counselors should use the language of forgiveness to help their clients, it is also critical for theology therapists to use the concepts in their own lives. This is due to the fact that there are numerous outcomes that can arise from a session and therapist must use a language of forgiveness for their own pasts in order to help their patients. Chapter Fourteen This chapter is significantly crucial for any Christian counselor. It provides a summary of some of things that are expected to change after a successful therapy. One advantage of the chapter is that the author considers the “dehabilitation” process. This is critical due to the fact that for scripture to help a patient, the affected has to first acknowledge the error in his or her ways. The writer gives the reader some space to also identify some things that can be classified under “dehabilitation” and those that can be classified under “rehabilitation”. The practical session breaks the monotony of reading and makes the chapter interesting to read. It is also important to note that the “dehabilitation” and “rehabilitation” aspects are tied to habits, which had been covered in the previous chapters, Chapter Fifteen Considering the doctrine of sanctification, this chapter provides the reader with in-depth analysis of the fruits of the Holy Spirit. Critically, many counselors might not use the fruits of the Holy Spirit in their sessions. However, the author creatively and strategically proves that any type of session can be centered on the stated fruits. This is important as it offers a different perspective and strategy that Christian counselors can use to help their patients. Additionally, the fact that this is ingrained in scripture makes it easier for patients to relate. Further, patients are able to uniquely use the same fruits of the Holy Spirit to live positively and in the light of the Lord. Chapter Sixteen The author argues that sanctification is often viewed as a way of getting rid of the old and adopting the new when in fact it is much more than that. This chapter is derived from the Biblical premise that if one hand causes you to sin, then cut it off. The issue of radical amputation is carefully considered in the chapter and encourages further distancing from things that will not only encourage one to sin but also to have mental challenges such as stress and confusion. Chapter Seventeen This chapter looks at the role of perseverance in counseling. Indeed, Christian scripture encourages mankind to persevere in the Lord and they will overcome anything. It can be agreed that an attitude of perseverance is critical in allowing patients to recover. The theology therapist and the patient each have to persevere in their own way in order to harness the desired results. It is important to note that the author fails to fully capture the essence of perseverance. It can be argued that one should tolerate and persevere not simply due to the reward at the end of the session but also to learn about one self and they endearment. Chapter Eighteen The concept of religion, counseling and suffering is often misrepresented. Indeed, there are numerous people who believe that believers have to suffer in order to be truly Christian. This chapter looks into how such notions can be dangerous and even cause more harm than good. The author explains that whereas such notions are wrong, there is a Biblical essence to pain. This is also supported by scripture. The author is categorical in noting that in the suffering one might go through, one still has to remember the presence of God. This is used both in therapy and can be further implemented in everyday life. Chapter Nineteen This chapter is dedicated to the process of counseling in the church. It is important to note that spiritual leaders have also been counselors since time immemorial. Counseling can be found within the leadership of the church and even within the congregation itself. The author gives importance to the role of using sermons to counsel congregations. Therefore, this is a more mass counseling type of approach. Thereby, sermons should not condemn behavior but rather guide on the right way of life in order to change behavior. Additionally, the author analyzes the role of the church in counseling sessions outside the church. Patients often find solace and relief if a Christian counselor is in synch with their pastors and priests. Chapter Twenty The author brings relevance to counseling new converts in chapter twenty. Adams (1986) argues that there is critical need for leaders of congregations to have therapy sessions with their new converts. Whereas one can argue that there are converts who would benefit from counseling, it is also important to sensitize the readers on the importance of consent. The new converts should be given the chance to attend therapy, but this should not be forcefully done. A critical part of healing is choosing to go to therapy. The cautious choice has to be arise from the person seeking the counseling services. All the church can do is inform of the services and encourage converts to take advantage of the same. Chapter Twenty-One This chapter is a continuation of the previous two chapters that have discussed the doctrine of the church. The chapter is critical as it brings in the influence of other people in relation to counseling a patient. The author argues that scripture states that when one’s brother sins, then they should be informed and corrected in private. However, this is rarely the case and due to this, one can argue that the Christian counseling done in churches is not only not effective, but also Biblically wrong. Chapter Twenty-Two In understanding how counseling is related to acts of mercy, one must first understand that there are people who believe they are doing good when in fact they are not. Counsellors should always bear this in mind due to the fact that there are different types of people who will seek their services. The ability to do good to all men at all times should be key in any Christian therapy sessions. This chapter emphasizes the need for this and how it also interlinks with trust that patients have towards their counselors. It is also important to note that at times, the primary counselor does not have the knowledge, tools or even capability to help the patient in one way or the other. In such cases, as an act of mercy, the counselor should incorporate other people in the patient’s team to aid with progress. Chapter Twenty-Three There is death with every living thing. There are numerous types of counseling that are needed when a person is close to dying. For instance, the affected person might need counseling to come to terms with his or her end of life. Further, the family of the affected might need therapy to understand the purpose of death in life. This chapter is critical as it analyzes these aspects and provides various strategies that can be used to successfully overcome the stresses and worries of death. Chapter Twenty-Four It is human to judge although scripture encourages mankind to avoid the same. There are numerous times even counselors find themselves judging others and this chapter analyzes this flaw in Christian therapy. It is prudent to note that Christian counselors are strongly discouraged from judging their patients. In fact, they are not supposed to guide the patient/congregant and not offer direct solutions. This is an intrinsic part of both traditional and Christian therapies. Chapter Twenty-Five This is the last chapter of the publication and offers a summary of the other chapters discussed. Reference Adams, E. J. (1986). A theology of Christian counseling: More than redemption . Harper Collins.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: A Week for Life is a place for everyone concerned and interested to learn about HIV and AIDS. The organization offers a unique opportunity to gain the necessary knowledge about all aspects of reproductive health and related issues.

A Week for Life is a place for everyone concerned and interested to learn about HIV and AIDS. The organization offers a unique opportunity to gain the necessary knowledge about all aspects of reproductive health and related issues.

A Week for Life Promotion Text and News Article Essay Advertising Text for A Week for Life Want to know everything about HIV and AIDS and how to avoid it? A Week for Life is a place for everyone concerned and interested. Here professionals educate you about these topics and how to properly educate your family, relatives, and friends to protect their health. Introduction HIV, AIDS, and reproductive health are topics of concern for many people, especially young adults. Many of them are unaware of or have little knowledge of the risk behavior that could lead to HIV and AIDS infection. A Week for Life is a place where anyone interested can learn all about the topics mentioned above and take part in organizing and improving educational events. Members of the organization appreciate the dedication and skills of all who decide to get involved. This article is an invitation for all representatives of the U-M to get involved in ongoing events held as part of A Week for Life to become knowledgeable and informed about HIV and AIDS and ways of reducing harmful practices leading to these diseases. What A Week for Life Offers to U-M Community Goals of A Week for Life The goals pursued by A Week for Life and to which its members dedicated themselves are in many ways similar to those followed by U-M students in particular and the U-M community in general. There are several key objectives of the organization. One of them is to promote the appreciation of life in U-M students through various activities and events on topics such as: what is high-risk behavior, how to reduce it by positive decision-making, and how to influence their surroundings to do the same. A Week for Life also aims to educate and raise awareness in the U-M community on these topics: HIV, AIDS, and reproductive health. Many people are still unaware of what high-risk behavior is and that HIV, AIDS can be transmitted in several ways. Joining A Week for Life is a unique opportunity to gain the necessary knowledge about all aspects of reproductive health and related issues. Values of A Week for Life Now that people reading this article are interested in getting themselves involved in A Week for Life, they may be concerned about whether the organization is welcoming to their cultural background and is compatible with their values. It is safe to say that A Week for Life and its member’s respect and value persons of all races, sexual orientation, and gender identity, political and religious affiliation. It is officially stated in the organization’s constitution that discrimination against people on these bases is impermissible. Other core values of A Week for Life ​​are human life and safety, human health, the well-being of people studying and working at U-M, the Coral Gables community, and the world and impact of education. If the values ​​of the people reading this article are similar to the values ​​of the organization, then they are welcome to join A Week for Life. Benefits of Involvement in A Week for Life for U-M Students However, many readers of this article may rightly wonder why they should be involved in A Week for Life and what benefits membership in this organization provides for them. As noted above, many students, especially freshmen and sophomores, do not know or have little knowledge of risk behavior and the dangers it poses for reproductive health in particular and people’s health in general. The organization educates everyone through well-organized presentations, forums, workshops, and programs. A Week for Life offers two membership types for the U-M community: the voting membership for students and the non-voting one for faculty, administrators, staff members, academic advisers, and alumni of the U-M. Students who meet the established criteria have the right to vote and hold positions on the Executive Board. Moreover, they also have access to the resources and services of the Butler Center for Volunteer Service and Leadership, with which A Week for Life is affiliated. Benefits of Involvement in A Week for Life for U-M Faculty It is safe to say that the information on the methods of preventing HIV and AIDS infections and the protection of reproductive health provided by the organization will be useful not only for students but also for the U-M faculty. It will also be a unique experience for them through which they will develop and enhance their organization and education skills. Moreover, teachers’ attendance at A Week for Life would be considered by many students as an act of personal example that will encourage them to take part in presentations, workshops, and educational programs. Membership in the organization will significantly increase the value of teachers both in the eyes of students and in other U-M communities. The organizational skills of the faculty and their knowledge will also contribute to improving the effectiveness of educational programs. Benefits of Involvement in A Week for Life for U-M Administrators U-M administrators are also welcome at A Week for Life events. The knowledge that they will gain in the course of activities of various types dedicated to the appreciation of life and the reduction of the risk of behavior will teach them to effectively use the resources of the university to positively influence the awareness of students about the importance of reproductive health. It is also worth noting that the participation of the administration in educational programs of A Week For Life will increase their reputation within the U-M community. The management, members, and participants of A Week for Life will be very grateful to the administrative staff of U-M if they attend the organization’s events and become involved as non-voting members. Benefits of Involvement in A Week for Life for U-M Staff Members A Week for Life appreciates everyone who contributes to the mission of the organization by attending educational programs, becoming a member of the organization, and participating in its internal processes. It is why A Week for Life encourages not only students, faculty, and administrators but also other staff members to take part in the organization’s events. A Week for Life is where U-M employees can apply their entire range of professional and personal skills to improve the community. Here staff members can also learn more about issues and important topics related to reproductive health discussed and thereby become more engaged in the U-M community. Everyone’s actions in A Week for Life contribute to the promotion of a safe and happy lifestyle both in the U-M community and the Coral Gables community, and, most importantly, the world. Benefits of Involvement in A Week for Life for U-M Academic Advisers A Week for Life acknowledges the importance of communication between students and their academic advisers. The organization also welcomes academic advisers to visit and become involved in educational programs and forums. There they will be able to find out topics of concern not only to the students with whom they work and teach but also to the entire U-M community, which will increase their awareness of HIV, AIDS, and university life. Benefits of Involvement in A Week for Life for U-M Alumni The management and members of A Week for Life understand each person’s educational background. The organization hopes that U-M alumni value the knowledge, experience, professional skills, and overall experience gained here. A Week for Life also hopes they are not indifferent to the local community after graduation. If they still feel connected to the place and want to get in contact with the U-M community to discuss the issues related to HIV and AIDS, then the organization welcomes them to participate in its educational presentations, events, and forums. Their involvement and experience are important to A Week for Life and the U-M community. Conclusion This article is about A Week For Life, an organization that fights HIV and AIDS and educates U-M students about reproductive health. The organization invites and welcomes all members of the U-M community to the ongoing and upcoming educational events. Here everyone can learn about risk behavior, how to reduce it, and how to practice a healthy lifestyle and become members of the organization. A Week For Life is a place for discourse on topics related to reproductive health to everyone who is concerned and interested as well as for strengthening the relationship of the local community.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: A proposal for a social program called 'Choices' that will have two major divisions: mental healthcare and therapy and training (MHTT) division and healthcare of the degenerative division. The proposal will contain an overview of the program itself followed by answering Frequently Asked Questions related to funding and investment for a national organization that will provide us with grants in their respective countries.

A proposal for a social program called 'Choices' that will have two major divisions: mental healthcare and therapy and training (MHTT) division and healthcare of the degenerative division. The proposal will contain an overview of the program itself followed by answering Frequently Asked Questions related to funding and investment for a national organization that will provide us with grants in their respective countries.

ABC: Creating a Social Program Coursework Introduction Health care will always be a concern for all kinds of people because everyone wishes for good health and a long life. We have seen in our research that healthcare facilities in the rural areas very poor or too less to cater to the densely populated areas. Our agency, ABC, has created a new social program called ‘Choices’ that will have two major divisions: 1. The Mental Healthcare and Therapy and Training (MHTT) division. This will involve providing mental and physical healthcare specifically to sexually abused victims in rural areas of less developed countries and; 2. Healthcare of the Degenerative division. This division will focus on providing long-term health care facilities to older people also in rural areas of less developed countries. This proposal will contain an overview of the program itself followed by answering Frequently Asked Questions related to funding and investment for a national organization that will provide us with grants in their respective countries. Discussion Mental Healthcare and Therapy and Training of sexually abused victims All kinds of women, vulnerable or impervious can be victims of sexual abuse. However, in a developed country like the US, there are a number of options these women have to build back their emotional and physical strength. In countries such as these, there are several social programs created for such women. However, in less developed countries and especially in their rural areas, most acts of sexual abuse go unnoticed. On the other hand, such abuse leaves a mark on the victims for a long period of time and in extreme cases, forever. They feel embarrassed and ashamed in addition to being physically and emotionally damaged. Also, in rural areas these women are looked down upon and restricted to their homes as if they are the criminals. These women have nobody to turn to; not even their families. Instead they are the ones who are blamed and the sin is hidden to the extent of going unnoticed. Since no one ever finds out about such activities, no one ever helps. ABC however, interviewed a total of fifty poor households out of which only seventeen were open about the atrocities. As a result of this, at ABC, the MTHH division of Choices was initiated. We saw the dire need of these women to be rehabilitated after such atrocities. It would be wise to create a program to bring an end to such activities but in most situations it becomes impossible to stop such crimes especially without any support from the law-enforcing agencies. Therefore, a program to mend and re-generate the strength of these women was created. The awareness part of the program will take care of informing and teaching these poor and illiterate people about the effects of sexual abuse activities going unnoticed. Since mostly the victims are women, and since women lack proper respect, many of such crimes go unreported. Even if the crimes are reported, the authorities take this as an expected norm and care very less to investigate crime. For this purpose, our program will make everybody see the pain that these victims have to go through. They will be made to realize that if such crimes are not dealt with, they can only grow because it only gives abusers more freedom to do so. They will be shown how their daughters and sisters are maltreated at the hands of others. The therapy part of the program will have two sides to it; physical therapy and emotional therapy. These victims for the first time in their lives will be heard. They will finally be given a chance to talk about how they feel and about their experiences. Expert psychologists will be hired to treat such clients with therapy at no cost. Physical therapy will take care of mending any wounds that these victims got after being sexually abused. This, however, will be charged at a lower price. Finally the training part of the program will also look at two sides. First, it will train women how to fight abusers. They will be given basic lesson and tutorials on self-defense. They will be trained to be aware of their surroundings and travel in packs rather than individually. Secondly, these women will be trained for jobs. Jobs in rural areas of LDCs do not require extensive qualification and achievements in any case. But female victims usually become social outcasts as a result of such incidents. For these reason they are not employed to do even basic housework. The training area of our program will make ensure that these women learn how to speak their minds when searching for jobs. It will ensure that they get back on their feet soon after the required numbers of their therapy sessions are over. Healthcare of the Degenerative Also in rural areas of poor countries, there is a problem of a significantly low life expectancy age. Older people do not have the facilities or the means to good health care. As people become old, they are faced by numerous degenerative disorders; mental and physical both but mainly the latter. One major problem in the rural areas is that once a grown man or woman can’t work due to a malady, that person is seen as a burden as extra attention and expenses need to be charged. During this time, in poor countries, they are also neglected by their families. As a result they have no one to look after them. The Healthcare of the Degenerative will ensure that such people are given adequate long-term health care facilities so as to preserve them and eventually pull up life expectancy. Service will include physician services, diagnostic exams, hospice and prescriptions. Funding Questions Addressed Now that a clear and precise overview of our program called ‘Choices’ has been given, any questions that may arise in the minds of the funding organization will be answered. First of all, how many of our other programs have been successful in achieving their goals? A few of our other programs such as Medicare which provides outpatient facilities to patients of a lower-middle income group was very successful and received international acclaim and federal funding. In exception to this, our Mental Healthcare for the Addicted was also well received by parents of teenagers that turn to substance abuse and other society members. This also received funding/grants from an investment back as one of their Corporate Social Responsibility schemes. Secondly, the budget provided by ABC will be that of the proposed program only and no additional costs are included. The budgeted costs of both the divisions of Choices will be combined together as a single cost budget. The costs include start-up costs such as setting up offices and initial advertising and marketing costs. For the Degenerative facility, doctors will need to be hired and clinics will have to be set up every ten kilometers. These costs add up to approximately $ 85,000 for both the divisions combined together. A grant organization will want to know about the kind of encouragement as well as sustenance that our prior programs have received. The kind of support that ABC has received from various grant organizations and other collaborated organizations will be shown to this national organization in the form of letters of support from partners that ABC has previously worked with. These will be attached with our application and proposal. A national grant organization may also need to know about my staffing and the number of people who will be volunteering for this project. They will need to know how many people in total are involved in the project. To answer any such questions, a total of 250 volunteers have been employed for the Degenerative division out of which 40% are females. For the MHTT facility, 80 employees have been hired out which 90% are females. Yet more need to employed. The kinds of volunteers that we will look for are undergraduates or graduates that have an understanding of sociology and psychology. More importantly they would want to know where the program will initially operate from. Families of the sexually abused victims that were interviewed before starting the MHTT division were Indian. Therefore, ABC plans to start both the divisions of Choices in the rural areas of Southern India. Most importantly, we expect that the grant organization would require knowing the overall benefit that will be derived from this program. The approximate number of people that will be benefited as a result of this program will range from two fifty to five hundred families with an average of six people in each family. Another question that will arise is whether market research has been carried out. Primary research was carried out for the MHTT division. Fifty families of rape victims were interviewed out of which only seventeen felt at ease talking about it. Other than this, extensive desk or secondary research was carried out for both the divisions. Also, our researchers saw the conditions in the rural areas of Southern India themselves and concluded that help was definitely needed by the poverty affected areas and people of this region. A tour of the region where the offices and clinics are to be set up will be given to grant management specialists and/or representatives. The organization will interact with the families that reside in those areas and will hence, see for themselves the need for such a program. An additional question that will arise is of reliability and credibility. This again will be shown by the letters of support along with the resumes of important people involved. The credentials and abilities of the doctors will be shown through their MBBS degrees and letters of recommendations. Other volunteers will also be required to submit in their resumes to give evidence as to how qualified they are with respect to their relevant jobs. In addition to letters of support from prior collaborations and partners, a list and profiles of current partners in the Choices program will also be handed in. All other collaborated businesses, consultants, attorneys, accountants etc will be identified so that the grant organization knows who their partners are and who all it will be sustaining prior to making an investment in our program. To address any more questions that the funding organization may have, contact number of the ABC assistance service will be given and will be active at all times. Other information such as a cost and benefit analysis, budgeted cash flow, etc will be attached with the application. Conclusion It will be of great significance for both parties to see the costs in comparison with the total benefits derived from this program before arriving at a final decision. For this purpose, a cost-benefit analysis is made. If the national grant organization feels that Choices is feasible, practical and beneficial all at the same time, grants from it will be highly appreciated. If, however, ABC has failed to satisfy the grant organization, it is prepared to provide any number and kind of additional documents required to give the whole picture to this organization. To conclude, we are giving a beautiful gift to the people of India while preserving its potential human assets too. We strive to include partners in undergoing this fulfilling task so that they can experience the satisfaction at each and every step with us. ABC also guarantees success because if nothing else, it will be able to put smiles on the faces of hundreds of families. We feel sure in saying that this program will be worth it! References Barbara Bush Foundation. (2008). National Grant Program- General Information. Web. Chambers, D. E. (2000). Social Policy and Social Programs . Allyn and Bacon. Healthy Indiana Plan. (2009). Healthy Indiana Plan. Web.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: The abolitionist movement was a time of change for society's view on slavery. Early attempts to change mass consciousness were made but it wasn't until the mid-19th century that abolition became a reality.Early attempts to change mass consciousness were made but it wasn't until the mid-19th century that abolition became a reality.

The abolitionist movement was a time of change for society's view on slavery. Early attempts to change mass consciousness were made but it wasn't until the mid-19th century that abolition became a reality. Early attempts to change mass consciousness were made but it wasn't until the mid-19th century that abolition became a reality.

Abolitionist Movement: Attitudes to Slavery Reflected in the Media Essay Table of Contents 1. Torture and Violence as the Norms 2. Early Attempts to Change Mass Consciousness 3. Shift in Values 4. Differences in Views Before the Total Abolition of Slavery 5. General Principles of Reflecting Slavery in Media Sources 6. Conclusion 7. References The development of medieval slavery is a negative page in human history. Numerous destinies were crippled by the existing order due to the domination of one race over others and resulted in centuries of inequality as a generally accepted phenomenon. Individual empires with dozens of colonies around the world used free slave labour, which, in addition, was traded. Only in the 19th century, real attempts to change the existing order and provide freedom of captive immigrants began to be made. The activities of human rights defenders promoting ​​the abolition of slavery started to spread globally, which made it possible to achieve positive results. Today, issues of inequality are discussed, but individual references to the events of past centuries allow demonstrating the inadmissibility of slavery as a phenomenon. The aim of this work is to find and discuss specific examples of slavery and attitudes towards it in the media, with an emphasis on historical events before the mid-19th century. A gradual shift in values ​​was a turning point in the course of the abolitionist movement, but before its emergence, the oppression of people along ethnic lines was considered natural. Torture and Violence as the Norms One of the reasons confirming the inadmissibility of slavery and the unfairness of the attitude towards this phenomenon is the unjustification of torture and violence. People who were held in inhuman conditions and forced to hard work were not considered full members of society and were subjected to severe punishment for any attempt at disobedience or violation of detention conditions. Moreover, slave owners made no distinction between males, females and children and applied severe punishments to those who, in their opinion, behaved inappropriately. Rendal (2020) presents an image that vividly conveys the attitude towards slaves in the early 19th century. In Figure 1, a situation is depicted in which a black woman is hung on a rope on the deck of a ship, which implies punishing her for a certain offence (Rendal, 2020). This image demonstrates the full range of emotions, including the fear of other female slaves and the pleasure of the torturers. Fig. 1. Torture on the ship (Rendal, 2020). This behaviour was not considered unnatural during the days of slavery, which was a good reason for abolitionists’ activities and the promotion of ideas about the protection of people held in inhuman conditions. Captives from Africa, South America and other colonies who were transported to Europe and America were treated as those who could endure any violence and survive torture as an essential element of slave education. This position reflects the unwillingness of society to accept the idea that equality and freedom are inalienable attributes that every person has the right to possess. Historical examples confirm that slavery was a phenomenon that was not geographically defined. As Spieler (2015) states, in some colonies, for instance, Guiana, there were no sugar or coffee plantations. Nevertheless, Europeans, in particular, the British, exported free labour from there in large quantities, which indicates the great commercial value of captives. To create stable and wide flows of slave trade routes, colonialists were brutal and showed unjustified cruelty. As a result, an inhumane attitude towards slaves became natural and was perceived as a logical principle of maintaining authority among vulnerable indigenous people in different colonies. The idea that the slave trade was not limited by moral norms or social boundaries was supported at the official level. According to Rendal (2020), beginning in 1660, the British Crown gave the go-ahead for the supply of free labour from Africa to America, and there were no limits or forbidden rules. With world domination, the royal family had the authority to regulate the flow of the slave trade. There were no official documents or laws that coordinated the principles of keeping slaves since captives were not treated as people. This led to the fact that rudeness and cruelty were the key methods of interacting with them. Historical examples of mass executions, demonstrative punishments and other approaches to coercion into obedience were perceived as an essential attribute of domination. Spieler (2015) remarks that the attitude towards free labour was based on the idea that the nature of slaves did not imply high intelligence and was submissive to white colonists. Therefore, torture and violence that were used against captive immigrants from Africa and other regions were perceived as a social norm and promoted as a logical aspect of coercion into submission. Early Attempts to Change Mass Consciousness Although slaves had no opportunities to express their positions and defend their rights in other ways than uprisings, any attempts to regain freedom were brutally suppressed. Since the slave trade flourished during the era of colonisation, control over captives was tough, and immigrants from Africa and other colonies did not have a chance to organise squads and groups to counter the violent regime. However, despite this order, individuals among the general white population began to promote ideas of humanism and made attempts to change public opinion about the inadmissibility of slavery. These figures called themselves abolitionists and sought to legitimise the ban on human trafficking. Their activities were underground since their ideas contradicted with the existing social and legal norms and were considered extremist. In Figure 2, an example is shown of an armed troop attacking the home of John Brown, one of the well-known abolitionists (De Togni, n.d.). One can assume that the local authorities were afraid of shifts in the mass consciousness and were ready to go to great lengths to suppress riots. Thus, stopping illegal activities to organise uprisings and create resistance movements was a critical task. Fig. 2. Attack on John Brown’s house (De Togni, n.d.). Neither slave owners nor government officials were ready for society to abandon the idea of ​​inequality and accept humanistic views as the key principles of interaction. As De Togni (n.d.) states, in a number of colonial countries, local industries were largely dependent on the slave trade. The author cites the example of Boston in which the textile industry was one of the leading spheres and developed due to the work of free labour (De Togni, n.d). However, the abolitionist views that emerged in this region threatened the production process significantly. At the same time, protest sentiments began to manifest in other places where the authorities had to make severe efforts to prevent riots, for instance, in Washington that was the centre of American power (De Togni, n.d.). According to Baszile (2015), the first serious attempts to change the mass consciousness began in 1776 after the signing of the American Declaration of Independence. Human rights defenders sought to create a society with equal rights and opportunities, which was unacceptable under the existing order of legal inequality. Thus, the end of the 18th century became a turning point for the slave system. The late 18th and early 19th centuries were the stages when the activities of abolitionists began to spread among the masses. Baszile (2015) argues that after America gained independence from the British Crown, local movements in support of equality and the abolition of slavery became widespread. However, those stakeholders who were not ready to abandon the slave trade as a key resource for enrichment took strong measures to curb any attempts to change the situation. As a result, abolitionists had to act covertly, and underground activities to prepare measures to combat the existing order was the only possible approach. As De Togni (n.d.) remarks, human rights defenders had to rely on their own forces and resources since any association with representatives of the movement in other countries was impossible due to total control. However, abolitionists succeeded in achieving their initial goals: society began to pay attention to the problem of slavery. Certain categories of the population accepted the idea that inequality supplemented by cruelty, violence and torture could not exist in any form. Therefore, the first shifts in mass consciousness were achieved due to abolitionists’ activities. Shift in Values In Britain, the abolitionist movement began a little earlier than in America. In the 1760s, the first attempts were reported by both white and black activists to draw public attention to slavery as an unacceptable phenomenon (“How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect,” n.d.). Opportunities to influence European colonists expanded due to the constant influx of new members to this movement. In society, alliances of white and black citizens became widespread, and Figure 3 depicts a gathering of people with the representatives of two races (“How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect,” n.d.). Such an outcome was unlikely in the 18th century when colonisation was one of the key directions of trade and highly valued as the most important channel for replenishing the treasury and achieving world domination. However, at the turn of the century, a shift in values ​​under the influence of the abolitionist movement became apparent, and specific measures were taken to combat inequality. The participation of human rights defenders paid off and proved that the idea was perceived positively among a large number of people who sought to change social norms. Fig. 3. Abolitionist meeting (“How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect,” n.d.). The influence of abolitionists on masses became significant, and an increasing number of people joined their movement. As a result, in 1807, the British Parliament passed the Act of the Abolition of the Slave Trade that promote social equality (“How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect,” n.d.). According to Woods (2015), planters and slavers did not share the triumph of abolitionists, and the Act was not passed unequivocally. Moreover, among some stakeholders, discontent was expressed strongly since, in addition to financial opportunities they lost, they faced a position that contradicted their views on the existing social order. However, the empathy of abolitionists for slaves made it possible to change the consciousness of the ruling elites, which can be interpreted as a significant advance in the fight against slavery. As Woods (2015) argues, this achievement was valuable not only from the standpoint of strengthening moral values. Former slave traders received no material incentives or other resources as compensations for the loss of their business. This, in turn, became one of the steps towards the establishment of democracy and class justice, what was contrary to the current immoral norms. Despite the changes, the complete abolition of slavery had not been achieved yet. Numerous conventions that developed over a long period prevented the immediate end of the free labour trade. According to Woods (2015), in 1807, the abolitionist campaign was successful, but initially, the Act aimed to limit the economic interests of France. Subsequently, the British authorities implemented the provisions of the Act within the state, but foreign economic interest was one of the significant drivers. At the same time, the value of the measures taken by the government allowed rooting the idea that slavery was unacceptable from either a social or an ethical perspective. One of the main abolitionists’ achievements was the shift in values ​​and the acceptance of the idea of ​​the need to replace the vector of development from the slave trade to other industries. The beginning of the 19th century was marked by a transition from decades of oppression of immigrants from Africa and other poor regions to more advanced and morally justified principles of a democratic society. The interim success became a significant factor stimulating subsequent developments in this direction and further abolitionists’ achievements. Differences in Views Before the Total Abolition of Slavery The analysis of the situation after the Act of 1807 can provide an opportunity to determine the key moods in society and, in particular, the attitude towards slavery as a phenomenon considered ambiguous and controversial. Media examples confirm that most of the resources focus on abolitionist ideas aimed to denigrate slave traders. There is no indication that human trafficking was justified from a financial, ethical, geopolitical or another perspective, which suggests a clear view of the issue at hand. For instance, in Figure 4, a meeting of respected citizens is presented where problems related to slave emancipation are resolved (Rothman, 2016). One should take into account that not only white citizens are present in this image but also several black ones, which confirms a significant shift in mass consciousness regarding the rights of the black population. However, not all the strata of society were unambiguous about the abolition of slavery, which was logical in the face of financial losses for a number of interested parties. Nevertheless, the share of these representatives in power was minimal, which made it possible to promote the ideas of emancipation at the global level successfully. Fig. 4. Abolitionists’ meeting (Rothman, 2016). Views on abolitionism in the media prove that the trend towards changing societal ideas about slavery was supported early and continues today. Dolan (2017) argues that the Slave Emancipation Act adopted in 1833 became one of the key documents regulating the formal British refusal of human trafficking. However, some media sources cite controversial opinions of the opponents of abolitionism. Rothman (2016) cites critics who noted that minority rights activists focused on one issue while ignoring others. In particular, the author notes that some citizens disputed the unambiguity of the ideas of abolitionists and stated that they were inclined to fight only against slavery (Rothman, 2016). Other manifestations of the bourgeois-capitalist system, according to this standpoint, were not addressed. Nevertheless, such an opinion could be justified if public figures strove for insignificant or meaningless goals. However, as Dolan (2017) remarks, the end of the colonial era and slave emancipation may be considered the most important achievements of humanity in the 19th century. Therefore, the criticism of the abolitionist movement can be regarded as lacking sufficient grounds. Before slavery was completely eradicated as a social phenomenon, certain classes and even regions expressed disagreements with the results of the struggle against the current system. Rothman (2016) draws attention to the economic decline that the southern regions of America faced after the free labour supply stopped. In addition, social issues regarding the freedom of Africans who had no personal belongings also remained open. However, despite the disagreement of individual classes, emancipation at the legislative level was inevitable. As Dolan (2017) notes, in the British colonies in the West Indies, measures were taken to ensure a relatively slow transition to the new order. This principle of ensuring the security of all parties involved indicates the interest of the authorities in pursuing the emancipation policy as efficiently as possible since this issue was a key problem in society. Given potential tensions in economic and trade sectors, states needed to promote systems of strategic cooperation. As a result, emancipation is not considered as a negative consequence of abolitionism and can be assessed as a logical and ethically correct total of many years of abolitionists’ activities. General Principles of Reflecting Slavery in Media Sources Starting from the analysis of various representations of slavery in the media based on graphic images and opinions, one can note that the key ideas are reduced to abolitionism as an inevitable social phenomenon. The position justifying slavery cannot be acceptable in modern democratic society since ethics in human relationships largely determine the nature of interactions. At the same time, many resources mention the dissatisfaction of certain classes with the abolition of slavery. According to the review, the main complaints against abolitionists are reduced to an emphasis on human trafficking and ignoring other issues that deserve attention. Nevertheless, while taking into account a long mechanism for the abolition of slavery, which implied many years of preparation, the results of legislative practice were positive. Thus, the main trends reflecting slavery in the media are based on the condemnation of such a social order and a positive assessment of abolitionists’ activities. Conclusion The comprehensive assessments of media resources highlighting the topic of long-term slavery and visual content reflecting the social moods of that time prove that Africans captured by slave traders were significantly oppressed. The absence of democratic freedoms was characteristic of the 18th-century society, and it was only in the 19th century that real shifts in values ​​began to be observed. However, the activities of abolitionists seeking to stop slavery and fighting for equality started to spread globally before the adoption of the relevant laws. The analysis of media sources shows that the discontent of certain classes of the population had financial grounds. The criticism of the abolitionist movement presupposed the condemnation of too narrow legal work. However, due to the joint efforts of human rights defenders and legislators, the corresponding acts on democratic rights were signed, which marked the beginning of the new era of social relations. References Baszile, D. T. (2015). Rhetorical revolution: Critical race counterstorytelling and the abolition of white democracy. Qualitative Inquiry , 21 (3), 239-249. De Togni, E. (n.d.). Martyrdom through militancy and the onset of Civil War. American Battlefield Trust . Web. Dolan, E. A. (2017). Lionel Smith in Barbados, 1833–1836: Imperialist and abolitionist rhetoric in emancipation-era Caribbean governance. Slavery & Abolition , 39 (2), 333-356. How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect the slave trade? (n.d.). Web. Rendal, S. (2020). When was slavery abolished in the UK? Britain’s role in the slave trade outlined following the removal of Edward Colston’s statue. The Scotsman . Web. Rothman, A. (2016). The truth about abolition: The movement gets the big, bold history it deserves. The Atlantic . Web. Spieler, M. (2015). Slave flight, slave torture, and the state: Nineteenth-century French Guiana. French Politics, Culture & Society , 33 (1), 55-74. Woods, M. E. (2015). A theory of moral outrage: Indignation and eighteenth-century British abolitionism. Slavery & Abolition , 36 (4), 662-683.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: In general, the term accountability stands for taking responsibility for one's actions and accepting any mistakes or failures. Professionals have to be able to stand for their decisions, explain reasoning for engaging in specific activities, and handle criticism appropriately. Talking about the healthcare industry, accountability is especially significant. In case there is a lack of this specific concept in an organization, the quality of care decreases, patients become less satisfied with the treatment they receive, and the overall reputation of the facility may be ruined.

In general, the term accountability stands for taking responsibility for one's actions and accepting any mistakes or failures. Professionals have to be able to stand for their decisions, explain reasoning for engaging in specific activities, and handle criticism appropriately. Talking about the healthcare industry, accountability is especially significant. In case there is a lack of this specific concept in an organization, the quality of care decreases, patients become less satisfied with the treatment they receive, and the overall reputation of the facility may be ruined.

Accountability in Healthcare: Characteristics and Processes Essay In general, the term accountability stands for taking responsibility for one’s actions and accepting any mistakes or failures. Professionals have to be able to stand for their decisions, explain reasoning for engaging in specific activities, and handle criticism appropriately. Talking about the healthcare industry, accountability is especially significant. In case there is a lack of this specific concept in an organization, the quality of care decreases, patients become less satisfied with the treatment they receive, and the overall reputation of the facility may be ruined. The absence of accountability can even put the life of patients at risk. Therefore, it is vital to research this topic more and educate professionals about the importance of accountability and delivery of quality treatment in the healthcare industry. The following paper will discuss the specified concept in more detail by mentioning some characteristics and processes connected to it. Accountability Care Organization: Definition, Comparison, and Strategies Accountable Care Organizations, also referred to as ACOs, are an important addition to the healthcare field since they play an essential role in payment transformation. LaPointe (2019) mentioned that ACOs are associations of hospitals and other providers who aim at coordinating care for patients and delivering appropriate treatments, “while avoiding unnecessary utilization of services and medical errors” (para. 2). It is common for ACO participants to take responsibility and cover total costs of care for sick individuals (LaPointe, 2019). It is believed that coordination and performance through Accountable Care Organizations is a critical step towards managing the problems connected to the quality of healthcare. For instance, ACOs have the power to contribute to fixing the ineffective fee-for-service system which is a model where services are paid for separately (LaPointe, 2019). This method allows doctors to gain financial benefits by proving quantity rather than quality, influencing their patients’ well-being in a negative way. Therefore, ACO are groups of healthcare facilities or specialists that can help the medical industry to manage problems and positively impact the quality of its operations. Health Maintenance Organization is another popular development that exists in the field of healthcare. HMO is a structure that provides health insurance coverage for a specific fee (Hayes, 2020). These organizations secure their network of care providers by being in constant and official contracts with primary care physicians, various specialists, and different types of healthcare facilities (Hayes, 2020). Thus, it can be stated that the main difference between an ACO and HMO is that the second organization is an insurance company while the first is not. The second distinctive feature is that HMO is a considerably structured entity with a number of regulations and restrictions. At the same time, an Accountable Care Organization gives its customers an opportunity to move within its framework. In addition, while ACOs are focused on the quality of care, HMOs have measurable standards to determine an appropriate quality control (Hayes, 2020). Consequently, there are three main distinctives between ACOs and HMOs. Health Information Technology is one of the most used concepts in the contemporary model of medicine. HIT refers to the application of data processing which involves computer software and hardware that manage storage, sharing, collection, retrieval and use of any healthcare information and communication (Sharma et al., 2016). This concept uses both simple and complex technologies which help to reduce the number of human errors, improve treatments outcomes, facilitate the coordination of care, and track necessary data (Sharma et al., 2016). However, the main role of Health Information Technology is to ensure secure and private exchange of information between clients, patients, healthcare providers, and medical facilities (Sharma et al., 2016). For this reason, it can be stated that a professional implementation of Health Information Technology is an essential process in the modern medical field. Primary Care Providers and Effective Payment Strategies In recent years, partnering with primary care providers became a widely used strategy among healthcare establishments. These doctors are usually experienced individuals who act as a primary contact for people in case they suspect a certain medical condition or are in a situation of medical emergency (Hayes, 2020). It is important to mention that the existence of a first point of reference means that a person cannot receive care from a medical facility or a specialist without getting a referral form their PCP (Hayes, 2020). Since primary care physicals are informed about their patients’ health histories, lifestyles, and risk, they help other professionals to make quicker and more appropriate medical decisions in case of a disease. Moreover, their ability to be in constant contact with individuals encourages early health interventions and more effective treatments which is beneficial for both patients and hospitals. Bundled payments are one of the ways the contemporary healthcare industry tries to bring advancements to the payments system and move towards care based on value. This type of payments is also known as episode payment models which “require participant providers to assume risk, as they must cover costs that go above the target price for an episode of care” (“What are bundled payments?” 2018, para. 2). On the other hand, healthcare providers share the savings in case they keep costs that are below the price while also ensuring that they will maintain quality requirements and standards (“What are bundled payments?” 2018). Therefore, by using bundling payments it is possible to bring the costs down as well as show an improvement in care quality. Pay for Performance is another essential part of the overall strategy that moves healthcare towards a value-based approach and has potential to improve quality care. It is believed that most P4P programs and strategies provide an advantage of rewarding professionals for their medical actions and achievements which encourages them to work with complex and seriously ill patients (Haynes, 2020). Thus, this is the way Pay for Performance improves quality care – doctors feel more motivated to work and achieve positive results, and patients receive the most effective treatments. Even though there are claims that P4P is detrimental because specialists can misuse financial benefits, this strategy has a positive effect on the satisfaction of patients with care delivered to them by medical facilities. Value-Based Purchasing Program In short, value-based purchasing programs are created in order to link provider payments to better performance of care providers. As mentioned by Ramirez et al. (2016), “hospital Value-Based Purchasing Programs measure value of care provided by participating Medicare hospitals and creates financial incentives for quality improvement and fosters increased transparency” (p. 559). These programs act as a part of a larger strategy aiming to reform the healthcare industry and change the way it is delivered and paid for (Ramirez et al., 2016). Doctors and other professionals are rewarded with incentive payments based on the level of their performance and care they deliver to the patients (Ramirez et al., 2016). In case value-based programs’ techniques are implemented appropriately, the medical field will finally be able to move from providing quantity to delivering quality. Value-Based Purchasing Programs are an important step towards providing high quality healthcare through financial incentives and affecting the model of reimbursement to hospitals. Nevertheless, the only question is how Value-Based Purchasing Programs influence the process of reimbursement. Since the concept states that healthcare should be founded on the quality of care provided and the satisfaction of patients and their families, the reimbursement is also based on the outcomes rather than the amount. For this reason, it can be concluded that Value-Based Purchasing Programs positively influence the reimbursement to hospitals. With the new model of delivering care, reimbursement is no longer connected to the already discussed fee-for-service model. Therefore, people receive quality care and hospitals achieve financial benefits for effective work rather than the number of treatments. Reimbursement based on value is definitely a benefit for both healthcare facilities and patients. While hospitals attain high reputation for providing efficient treatment programs and charging sick individuals fairly, people receive whatever they pay for and have a possibility to manage their health problem properly. However, the benefit of value-based reimbursement for the patients seem to be more significant. From the beginning of their treatment, people can be sure that they will be assisted by the most experiences professionals who will deliver high quality care and support to them. They do not have to worry about losing their time while treating symptoms and slowly moving towards finding the root of the problem. Instead, by engaging in value-based reimbursement, patients can be sure that doctors will be interested in diagnosing them as early as possible. Therefore, value-based reimbursement carries some important advantages for all agents participating in healthcare and, especially, patients. As mentioned earlier, the main goal of Value-Based Purchasing Programs is to move from quantity to quality. The healthcare industry has to focus on delivering high quality care instead of achieving unnecessary numbers. Furthermore, the interest of the patients has to be a priority because if they are satisfied it is much easier for a specific medical institution to develop and achieve a high reputation. Thus, by establishing this goal, Value-Based Purchasing Programs also creates a way to measure the performance of doctors and hospitals. By using various techniques, these models can evaluate whether the objectives were achieved, patients were satisfied, and the care delivers was effective and appropriate. Hence, VBP measures hospitals’ performance by analyzing the processes happening there and the outcomes of those procedures both for the patients and the institution. Conclusion Overall, healthcare industry is a complex sophisticated field that constantly goes through advancements and developments. One of the most important concepts to consider in the contemporary medical environmental is accountability that also touches other approaches, such as ACO, HMO, HIT, PCP, P4P, bundled payments, and value-based purchasing programs. After completing this paper, it can be stated, that the main goal of modern hospitals should be to provide high-quality care and forget about the number of treatments provided. In case medical institutions focus on quality, it will be easier for them to achieve certain objectives and satisfy their patients. Thus, the presented essay discussed accountability in healthcare industry and various concept connected to this topic. References Hayes, A. (2020). Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) . Investopedia. Web. LaPointe, J. (2019). Understanding the fundamentals of Accountable Care Organizations . RevCycleIntelligence. Web. Ramirez, A. G., Tracci, M. C., Stukenborg, G. J., Turrentine, F. E., Kozower, B. D., & Jones, R. S. (2016). Physician-owned surgical hospitals outperform other hospitals in medicare value-based purchasing program. Journal of the American College of Surgeons , 223 (4), 559-567. Web. Sharma, L., Chandrasekaran, A., Boyer, K. K., & McDermott, C. M. (2016). The impact of health information technology bundles on hospital performance: An econometric study. Journal of Operations Management , 41 , 25-41. Web. What are bundled payments? (2018). Web.

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Write a essay that could've provided the following summary: The Joint Commission Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is a process of ensuring that organizations have measured up to acceptable set standards. It is normally conducted by governments, non-governmental organizations or even by privately held accreditation agencies who review the already existing standards according to the emerging demands of any given field. In view of rising health care costs, health providers are increasingly finding it important to undergo accreditation in order to uphold a certain status quo thereby maintaining their clientele.

The Joint Commission Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is a process of ensuring that organizations have measured up to acceptable set standards. It is normally conducted by governments, non-governmental organizations or even by privately held accreditation agencies who review the already existing standards according to the emerging demands of any given field. In view of rising health care costs, health providers are increasingly finding it important to undergo accreditation in order to uphold a certain status quo thereby maintaining their clientele.

Accreditation Program at the JCAHO Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction Accreditation is the process of ensuring that organizations have measured up to acceptable set standards. It is normally conducted by governments, non-governmental organizations or even by privately held accreditation agencies who review the already existing standards according to the emerging demands of any given field. In view of rising health care costs, health providers are increasingly finding it important to undergo accreditation in order to uphold a certain status quo thereby maintaining their clientele. Accreditation standards vary as time progresses since there is always an improvement to the already set criteria. Organizations normally subject themselves to continuous accreditation not only for the purposes of maintaining a certain position in a particular field but also to expose their staff to learning of new requirements and developments in their fields. Organizations use the current accreditation standards as a benchmark as they pursue improvements of their own services. (Abdelhak, 2001) Discussion Joint Commission Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) is one of the accreditation agencies which was started in early 1950s as a collaboration of American College of surgeons and many other organizations. Initially the collaboration was so that it could provide voluntary accreditation though that changed when the organization started offering accreditation to health care networks. It was however not until 1994 that the agency included other accreditation services namely laboratories services, home care, drug abuse among others. (Lisette, 2004) Recording and documentation plays a very important role in ensuring efficiency of any organizations and more importantly health care since historical study of a patient can go a long way in identifying reoccurrences that can eventually lead to prevention if not a complete cure of the disease. Since 2004, JCAHO became more sensitive to drug safety and that meant that health care facilities had to adopt a separate medication management standard. This measure was for the purposes of reducing drug errors and abuse, ensuring drug follow ups, and basically inspection of drugs equipment standards. (Lisette, 2004) JCAHO management standards are documented from the time of selection which is basically the where and the type of drug. This helps in authenticating the source of the drug and thus the assurance of the drug quality. The drug is then kept just at the right temperature to ensure that its chemical status is not tempered with. When eventually the drug is needed, ordering must be documented to ensure accurate timing from then till the drug intake. Accurate transcription must be adhered to for both the pharmacist’s and patient’s references and that too must be recorded. (Huffman, 1994) There must also be documentation on drug preparation procedures this include classification of drugs either as high or low risk, include also their concentration levels etc. After preparation, the drug will obviously need to be dispensed to the patient and this is also must be documented. Dispensing documentation includes the time, measure of the drug and of course by which member of staff and name of the patients. Finally but by no means not least drug administration must go to the records followed up by the monitoring measures. (Abdelhak, 2001) Conclusion It would be useless for any organization to come up with rules and measures that nobody follows or cares to consider needless to say. Therefore accreditation bodies must have ways of ensuring that their rules are adhered to. Accreditation agencies actually encourage their clients in compliance by offering incentives such educational seminars that help them understand the importance and the consequences of either compliancy or negligence thereof. Other agencies offer monetary aid to their clientele which includes insurance subsidies and allow them to use accreditation in case any legal actions are taken against them. (Taylor and Brownstein, 2004) There are also organizations that provide their clients with accreditation procedures which in turn help service providers regulate themselves and therefore are able to effortlessly compile. Governments and NGOs have gone a step ahead and have set up check up calendar that sensitizes the organization on compliance matters. Any given standard has loopholes and accreditation is not a guarantee of perfection but it definitely protects consumers from a great deal of danger that would otherwise harm them. Reference Abdelhak M. (2001) Health Information: Management of a Strategic Resource, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Huffman E (1994), Health Information Management Berwyn Ill. Physicians’ Record Company Lisette H (2004) JCAHO’S Accreditation Process. Web. Taylor J and Brownstein D (2004): Use of Incident Reports by Physicians and Nurses to Document Medical Errors in Paediatric Patients National Patient Safety Foundation

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The activities coordinator at a nursing home is faced with a conflict of interest situation when he is asked to keep quiet about information that could save a patient's life. The coordinator must decide whether his ethical responsibility lies with the patient or with the informant.

The activities coordinator at a nursing home is faced with a conflict of interest situation when he is asked to keep quiet about information that could save a patient's life. The coordinator must decide whether his ethical responsibility lies with the patient or with the informant.

Activities Coordinator and a Conflict of Interest Situation at Cooinda Nursing Home Report Table of Contents 1. Context 2. Health/Human Services 3. Patient/ Client/ Care Giver 4. References Context The case study draws upon a conflict of interest situation, where the coordinator needs to decide towards whom his ethical responsibility lies. He has crucial information, relating to life and death matter of a patient but that information is strictly confidential. The dilemma he faces is which ethical boundary he needs to break. In health practice doing the right thing at the right time is the most important thing or as it is said in Duty of care—“the obligation to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions which one can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure another, also the duty of people in particular circumstances and occupations to protect and control others.” (Department of Human Services ‘Duty of care’). It is important for us to reflect on our values and commitments as well as intuitions and emotions. Whereas values that inform customer practice involves integrity, which includes reliability, so if the coordinator tells on the informant, then there would be problems with his integrity. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health (2008) suggests that to lead and coordinate national improvements in safety and quality identity issues and priorities need to be resolved. It is thereby imperative that the practitioner adhere to the guidelines set by the home in such regards because he needs to check how his values and emotions are at par with the organizations, and what he thinks is the right thing to do might not be what the organization feels. And the situation also calls for the practitioner to foster an atmosphere of respect for a multiplicity of views. Health/Human Services Basically the case study is based on an old home, so the people admitted here (the patients) are the elderly who have no one to look after them and those who can no longer vend for themselves. The patients are naturally depressed and have lost an interest in life, therefore they need to be handled patiently. The employees who are giving the services are responsible for looking after the elderly who have been admitted there. They need to give them company, find activities for them to do so as to keep them busy and give them a sense of purpose so that they can live their lives. Also the services require them to keep the elderly company so that they do not feel left out. Patient/ Client/ Care Giver In this scenario the clients can be two. Since the coordinator is looking after the people in the home he is responsible for those who come to him for help and for those who do not. It is his moral and ethical obligation to watch out for the people in the home. Thereby Steve who has asked the attendant not to tell anyone about the information he has is the first customer. Steve had trusted the coordinator to keep his secret. On the other hand since the coordinator has knowledge regarding Bert that might save his life, Bert becomes the coordinator’s duty as well. References (2008) Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Australian charter of healthcare rights. (2008) Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. National open disclosure standard. Gray and Gibbons. (2007). There are no Answers, Only Choices: Teaching Ethical Decision Making in Social Work. Routledge. Interprofessional practice in health and human services. (2009). Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The doctor is correct in identifying B-cells' contribution to fighting the infection, but he does not tell the entire story. B-cells belong to the so-called third line of defense, which activates when the previous ones could not contain an infection. However, the role of T-cells is equally relevant during that stage. B-cells are also responsible for maintaining T-cells and suppressing the expansion of the pathogenic types, potentially caused by cytotoxic

The doctor is correct in identifying B-cells' contribution to fighting the infection, but he does not tell the entire story. B-cells belong to the so-called third line of defense, which activates when the previous ones could not contain an infection. However, the role of T-cells is equally relevant during that stage. B-cells are also responsible for maintaining T-cells and suppressing the expansion of the pathogenic types, potentially caused by cytotoxic

Adaptive Immunity: T-Cells and B-Cells Essay While the doctor is correct in identifying B-cells’ contribution to fighting the infection, he does not tell the entire story. The B-cells belong to the so-called third line of defense, which activates when the previous ones could not contain an infection (Cowan, 2017). However, the role of T-cells is equally relevant during that stage (Cowan, 2017). The two types have different developmental cycles, challenges, and responses, with B-cell triggering the secretion of immunoglobulins and T-cells leading to cell-mediated immunity, but both are extremely important for fighting infections (Cowan, 2017). B-cells are also responsible for maintaining T-cells and suppressing the expansion of the pathogenic types, potentially caused by cytotoxic cells, which could explain why the doctor emphasized B-cells’ importance (Rosser & Mauri, 2015). However, the potential of various T-cell subcategories should not be underestimated, as some also stimulate B-cells activities and facilitate natural immunity, which will make Bruce eventually recover (Cowan, 2017). Overall, the doctor could have highlighted B-cells’ role in fighting the diseases and regulating T-cells, but both are important, and the latter might be more potent in fighting Bruce’s infection than expected. References Cowan, M. K. (2017). Microbiology: A systems approach (5 th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Rosser, E. C., & Mauri, C. (2015). Regulatory B cells: Origin, phenotype, and function . Immunity, 42 (4), 607–612. Web.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: Arguments against Brexit focus on the fact that it would be harmful to the UK's trade, investment, and labor market. They also argue that it would lead to the end of free trade between countries, which would create high trade tariffs and taxes.

Arguments against Brexit focus on the fact that it would be harmful to the UK's trade, investment, and labor market. They also argue that it would lead to the end of free trade between countries, which would create high trade tariffs and taxes.

Additional Arguments Against Brexit Essay The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union was taken several years ago after the referendum. However, disputes between supporters and opponents of this decision continue, since its consequences for the country are still uncertain and can be evaluated years after Brexit. However, the opposition to Brexit is a more appropriate position as the United Kingdom’s exit from the EU could damage its trade, investment, and cause labor shortages. Supporters of Brexit argue that it will benefit the UK by reducing immigrant inflows, cutting costs due to canceling contributions to the budget of the EU and strengthening state sovereignty. The first advantage is justified by the fact that, at the moment, residents of the EU countries have the right to work in the UK, which increases the number of migrants from Eastern Europe (The Week Staff, 2020). Consequently, abolishing this right will reduce the flow of migrants and provide jobs for residents. A second advantage Brexit proponents see is the fact that Britain will no longer need to contribute to the EU’s initiatives; therefore, this money will remain in the state budget. At the same time, the UK will also have greater freedom in making decisions without coordination with other members of the EU, which will strengthen its sovereignty. However, all these arguments have weaknesses that can be challenged. Firstly, a decrease in the number of migrants can lead to a labor shortage and change working conditions for residents of the UK. Most often, migrants are employed in a job with lower wages or working conditions; therefore, if they leave the country, the UK may experience a shortage of workers (The Week Staff, 2020). Moreover, even for high-paying jobs, less competition will lead employers to raise wages, and, hence, the prices of their products, to restore the balance. Brexit will also reduce the investment of foreign companies in the UK and can lead to the relocation of their headquarters to the EU to leave the opportunity for free trade and business activity (The Week Staff, 2020). Consequently, even if the UK keeps part of the budget without paying the EU, it will lose profit due to the reduction in companies’ business activity. Moreover, Brexit could also mean the end of free trade between countries, which will create high trade tariffs and taxes. Thus, Britain can reduce the volume of trade, and the citizens of the country can lose some of the EU’s goods (“Arguments against, ” 2017). Finally, Brexit does not mean that the UK will be able to make any decisions it wants, since, in any case, they must be coordinated with the norms of international law. Consequently, the strengthening of sovereignty will practically not change the United Kingdom’s political decisions, since, within the EU, it had the same sovereign rights limited by laws. Therefore, Brexit is a harmful decision for the United Kingdom as it has negative consequences for the country. While Brexit supporters believe the decision contributes to the labor market, economy, and state sovereignty, their arguments do not consider the harmful impact of the change. A decrease in the flow of migrants can cause a shortage of workers and create imbalances in the labor market that will lead to a shift in the economy. The abolition of free movement, business relations, and trade between states will lead to a decline in the country’s business activity. At the same time, the state’s sovereign rights will remain practically unchanged, which will not affect the UK’s policy if it applies the principles of democracy. Hence, opposing Brexit makes more sense than supporting this decision. References Arguments against single market membership illustrate a lack of ambition . (2017). The Guardian. Web. The Week Stuff. (2020). Brexit: What are the pros and cons of leaving the EU? The Week. Web.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: Offering patients with terminal illnesses advanced care planning options is central to the ethical management of their needs. Despite the possible loss of autonomy that the specified population may face when undergoing a medical crisis, further decision-making must meet their requirements to ensure that they are provided with maximum comfort and support. For this reason, an exhaustive discussion of the options associated with advanced care planning and the actions that should be taken by a healthcare team in the situation of a health crisis is vital.

Offering patients with terminal illnesses advanced care planning options is central to the ethical management of their needs. Despite the possible loss of autonomy that the specified population may face when undergoing a medical crisis, further decision-making must meet their requirements to ensure that they are provided with maximum comfort and support. For this reason, an exhaustive discussion of the options associated with advanced care planning and the actions that should be taken by a healthcare team in the situation of a health crisis is vital.

Advanced Care Planning for Patients With Terminal Illnesses Essay Table of Contents 1. Barriers 2. Communication Skills 3. Conclusion 4. References Offering patients with terminal illnesses advanced care planning options is central to the ethical management of their needs. Due to the possible loss of autonomy that the specified population may face when undergoing a medical crisis, further decision-making must meet their requirements to ensure that they are provided with maximum comfort and support (Koffer et al., 2019). For this reason, an exhaustive discussion of the options associated with advanced care planning and the actions that should be taken by a healthcare team in the situation of a health crisis is vital (Jackson et al., 2019). However, due to multiple barriers standing in the way of creating an advanced care plan, the specified goals are very difficult to meet, which is why additional tools for communication between a nurse and a patient play a critical role. Furthermore, the involvement of family members, or anyone whom a patient deems to be suitable support is vital. Barriers Currently, several barriers toward compiling a thorough and exhausting advanced care plan exist. Dents in patients’ health literacy represent the main obstacle toward creating an accurate and detailed plan. Analyzing the case of Dorothy, one will notice that she used to have no idea either about advanced care planning or the importance that it holds. However, after a conversation with a nurse, who was kind enough to guide Dorothy through the key concepts of advanced care planning and the role that it would play in her life, Dorothy decided to discuss the entirety of her options, which led to important insights. For instance, Dorothy’s unwillingness to receive healthcare support in the care of a crisis was a rather unusual choice that had to be documented; otherwise, she would be resuscitated by a medical team (Lee et al., 2019). Therefore, the lack of patient education or, as the case of Dorothy shows, even awareness about the issue, represents the key barrier. In addition to the described barriers, the issue of time management and the opportunity to provide each patient with an appropriate amount of attention and communication often represents significant obstacle to overcome when considering the design of an advanced care plan. As Dorothy’s case has shown, she was very lucky to find a nurse who had the time and patience to help her navigate through the complex path of outlining the decisions for her future care (Hsieh et al., 2019). According to recent research, the levels of workload combined with nurse shortage in most hospitals create the environment that is not conductive to extensive conversations and elaborate planning (Tang et al., 2020). Therefore, further changes must be made to the management of nurses’ workload and tasks, which is likely to create another impediment on the way to effective palliative care. In addition, Dorothy’s case has indicated that, due to the lack of proper health literacy, patients often fail to embrace the full range of options that they can consider instead of rejecting medical interventions altogether. Namely, discussing every possible option apart from invasive surgery is critical to providing a patient with the entirety of opportunities for decision-making (Radhakrishnan et al., 2017). Therefore, the range of roles that nurses play in the advanced care planning context need to include the one of a nurse educator. Specifically, nurses should introduce patients in need for an advanced care plan to the concept thereof and the key steps for its development (Head et al., 2018). In case a patient expresses further concerns and shows difficulties drafting one themselves, a nurse has to take time to offer adequate guidance and provide enough support and empathy to help the patient to approach the process rationally. However, the lack of a framework for nurse-patient communication is by far the greatest problem along with the lack of health literacy in regard to the issue of palliative care and advanced care planning. As Dorothy mentioned in her final words to the students, the inability to locate the person to address in a nursing setting is often becomes the main reason for patients with terminal illness to fail to develop an advanced care plan. In Dorothy’s own words, “Sometimes we want a conversation but don’t know who to talk to about it.” The sentiment mentioned above indicates a massive problem in the existing nursing setting, namely, the lack of a clear nurse-patient communication infrastructure (Raftery et al., 2020). Being confused by the seemingly convoluted hospital hierarchy and unaware of how to address experts, people tend to refuse from advanced care planning altogether, which leads to drastic results (Blackwood et al., 2019). Therefore, a proper communication network must be established so that patients could have a proper understanding of whom to reach out to and how in case of need. The issue of fear is another barrier toward receiving the appropriate level and quality of care, especially for patients in need for advanced care planning. As the case of Dorothy has shown, she was afraid of addressing a healthcare expert partially due to her fear of surgery. In fact, the presence of fear, be it the expectations of unwanted invasive procedures or the failure to be understood, is present throughout Dorothy’s narrative. Therefore, it would be logical to presume that fear also poses a tremendous obstacle to receiving proper care and gaining essential information needed for creating an advanced care plan. Several papers on this problem support the stated assumption, determining fear as one of the major roadblocks on the path to providing patients with adequate care and relevant services (Chan et al., 2020; Gross et al., 2109). Communication Skills Addressing the barriers outlined above will require the introduction of additional communication skills for nurses to use when conversing with patients. Specifically, patients as the main component of a productive dialogue needs to be mentioned. Since a range of patients suffers from the lack of proper health education and low health literacy levels, it is instrumental to offer the target demographic basic guidance and support (Midtbust et al., 2018). Although the process of guiding a patient through the essential concepts of advanced care planning might seem tedious to nurses, it is central to patients’ ability to understand their options and make the choices that reflect their demands for advanced care. The ability to convey critical information to patients in a palatable and detailed way is another essential skill that nurses must develop to ensure that the needs of patients in palliative care are met. The development of the advanced care plan requires a profound understanding of multiple nuances concerning health management and different health conditions and situations (Andersson et al., 2017). Therefore, when provided with the entirety of information concerning the subject matter, a patient may feel confused and at a loss, which, in turn, will lead to a failure in creating a detailed and accurate plan. To avoid the described problem, a nurse must use the language that will be intuitively understandable to a patient of any level of health literacy (Selwood et al., 2017). Specifically, the case of Dorothy has shown that she was largely unaware of a range of scenarios in which she could find herself in a certain situation of a health crisis. Moreover, some of the scenarios that her nurse guided her through did not cross her mind at all. Dorothy’s case indicates that, had she been provided with unfiltered medical terminology when being given a chance to develop her advanced care plan, she would not have been able to approach the planning process at all. Most likely, she would have scrapped the entire idea and left, which would have had detrimental outcomes on her health prospects (Prater et al., 2019). Therefore, devising a communication strategy that will allow delineating key issues in a clear and accurate way is central to managing the needs of patients in the palliative care context. Finally, addressing the issue of fear as a tremendous hindrance to providing patients with proper care and assisting them in developing a personalised advanced care plan will require placing the emphasis on the issue of patient education. Reaching out to communities and especially those members of it that lack access to care will allow increasing the levels of health literacy and the awareness of key health management options, including the development of an advanced care plan (Kelly, 2019). Namely, nurses must be trained to talk to target audiences about the issue, opening a discussion and inviting those willing to participate (Brighton & Bristowe, 2016). As a result, people with health issues that imply the need for advanced care planning will be able to obtain the vital data and guidance to make appropriate decisions and compile a personalised advanced care plan. However, the issue of time management appears to be one of the foundational concerns when it comes to creating an advanced care plan. Due to the rapid increase in the extent of nurse shortage in the U.S. healthcare setting, the opportunity for a person willing to learn about advanced care planning options shrinks immensely (Waller et al., 2019). Moreover, with the increase in workload, which nurses will experience once they have to guide each patient individually through the process of advanced care planning, the quality of nursing services will inevitably drop (Westphal et al., 2016). Therefore, new opportunities for improving the efficacy, speed, ad quality of communication between a nurse and a patient, along with the overall process of patient education, is needed. The introduction of innovative technology for keeping the contact with patients consistent appears to be the most effective method. However, the case under analysis indicates that a large number of patients may not possess the required level of technological prowess and proficiency to utilise the available digital tools. Therefore, the focus on active patient education should be regarded as an indispensable necessity. Namely, nurse educators will have to encourage patients to develop the much needed health literacy along with the basic skills of interacting with nurses using digital technology (Hutson & Hankins, 2019). Thus, progress can be achieved in advancing the quality of care and providing patients with an opportunity to develop advanced care plans individually, with crucial details being taken into account. In this context, nurses will require not only extensive communication skills, but also teaching competencies. Namely, nurses will have to develop the frameworks for patients to familiarise themselves with advanced care planning options, as well as the opportunity to list all possible options so that undesirable outcomes could be avoided. As the case of Dorothy has shown, it is critical to take every possibility of health issues development into consideration to avoid unnecessary interventions and reduce the threat of the healthcare personnel misreading the patient’s advanced care plan (Costello, 2017). Therefore, ensuring that patients are aware of the existing ways in which their health issues can be handled is critical. For this reason, the focus on a personalised approach should be the priority. In addition, including communication opportunities where possible should be seen as an absolute necessity (Harwood et al., 2020). Thus, patients will be able to gain the required health literacy and the needed information to create a detailed advanced care plan. Conclusion Advanced care planning is a vital part of managing one’s health prospects, yet the lack of communication between a patient and a nurse, as well as the loss of patient awareness, complicates the process. Therefore, additional measures must be taken to improve communication skills of nurses and encourage them to communicate more effectively. The problem of communication between a nurse and a patient and the opportunity for each individual to receive guidance in advanced care planning is linked directly to nurse shortage and the respective quality of care. Therefore, tools for patient education and their transition to the realm of the digital setting will be needed. Additionally, thorough and exhaustive guidelines for patients in need for support should be provided. Thus, patients will be aware of the key options for advanced care planning and the details that they can include into their plans when detailing their requirements and needs. References Andersson, H., Lindholm, M., Pettersson, M., & Jonasson, L. L. (2017). Nurses’ competencies in home healthcare: an interview study. BMC Nursing, 16 (1), 65. Web. Blackwood, D. H., Walker, D., Mythen, M. G., Taylor, R. M., & Vindrola‐Padros, C. (2019). Barriers to advance care planning with patients as perceived by nurses and other healthcare professionals: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28 (23-24), 4276-4297. Web. Brighton, L. J., & Bristowe, K. (2016). Communication in palliative care: talking about the end of life, before the end of life. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 92 (1090), 466-470. Web. Chan, C. W., Chow, M. C., Chan, S., Sanson‐Fisher, R., Waller, A., Lai, T. T., & Kwan, C. W. (2020). Nurses’ perceptions of and barriers to the optimal end‐of‐life care in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29 (7-8), 1209-1219. Web. Costello, J. (2017). The role of informal caregivers at the end of life: providing support through Advance Care Planning. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 23 (2), 60-64. Web. Gross, J. P., Kruser, J. M., Moran, M. R., Kaiser, K., Szmuilowicz, E., Kircher, S. M., & Kruser, T. J. (2019). Radiation Oncologists’ Role in End-of-Life Care: A Perspective From Medical Oncologists . Practical radiation oncology, 9(5), 362-370. Web. Harwood, P., Prasun, M., Dennis, B., & Mayes, A. (2020). Advanced Care Planning and palliative care in the heart failure population. Heart & Lung, 49 (2), 222-223. Web. Head, B. A., Song, M. K., Wiencek, C., Nevidjon, B., Fraser, D., & Mazanec, P. (2018). Palliative nursing summit: nurses leading change and transforming care the nurse’s role in communication and advance care planning. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 20 (1), 23-29. Web. Hsieh, C. C., Huang, H. P., Tung, T. H., Chen, I. C., Beaton, R. D., & Jane, S. W. (2019). The exploration of the knowledge, attitudes and practice behaviors of advanced care planning and its related predictors among Taiwanese nurses. BMC Palliative Care, 18 (1), 99. Web. Hutson, S. P., & Hankins, L. R. (2019). A focus group study of provider and patient perceptions of communicating advanced care planning wishes using digital storytelling. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 21 (2), 131-138. Web. Jackson, G. L., Padilla, B. I., Schneider, S. M., & Kyte, J. J. (2019). Optimizing Advanced Care Planning in Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancers: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice, 12 (2), 239-245. Web. Kelly, A. M. (2019). What can nurses do to manage incontinence challenges in end-of-life care? International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 25 (4), 160-164. Web. Koffler, S., Mintzker, Y., & Shai, A. (2019). Association between palliative care and the rate of advanced care planning: A systematic review. Palliative & Supportive Care, 1 , 1-13. Web. Lee, L., Hillier, L. M., Locklin, J., Lee, J., & Slonim, K. (2019). Advanced care planning for persons with dementia in primary care: Attitudes and barriers among health-care professionals. Journal of Palliative Care, 34 (4), 248-254. Web. Midtbust, M. H., Alnes, R. E., Gjengedal, E., & Lykkeslet, E. (2018). Perceived barriers and facilitators in providing palliative care for people with severe dementia: the healthcare professionals’ experiences. BMC Health Services Research, 18 (1), 1-10. Web. Prater, L. C., Wickizer, T., Bower, J. K., & Bose-Brill, S. (2019). The impact of advance care planning on end-of-life care: Do the type and timing make a difference for patients with advanced cancer referred to hospice? American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 36 (12), 1089-1095. Web. Radhakrishnan, K., Saxena, S., Jillapalli, R., Jang, Y., & Kim, M. (2017). Barriers to and Facilitators of South Asian Indian‐Americans’ Engagement in Advanced Care Planning Behaviors. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49 (3), 294-302. Web. Raftery, C., Lewis, E., & Cardona, M. (2020). The crucial role of nurses and social workers in initiating end-of-life communication to reduce overtreatment in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gerontology, 1 , 1-4. Web. Selwood, A., Senthuran, S., Blakely, B., Lane, P., North, J., & Clay-Williams, R. (2017). Improving outcomes from high-risk surgery: A multimethod evaluation of a patient-centred advanced care planning intervention. BMJ Open, 7 (2), 1-8. Web. Tang, M. Y., Li, X. L., Shi, Z. Y., & Fu, W. J. (2020). Knowledge of and willingness to promote advanced care planning among oncology nurses in southwest China. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 26 (4), 175-182. Web. Waller, A., Turon, H., Bryant, J., Zucca, A., Evans, T. J., & Sanson-Fisher, R. (2019). Medical oncology outpatients’ preferences and experiences with advanced care planning: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer, 19 (1), 1-8. Web. Westphal, J., Marnocha, S., & Chapin, T. (2016). A pilot study to explore nurse educator workforce issues. Nursing Education Perspectives, 37 (3), 171-173. Web.

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Write the original essay for the following summary: In the classic dystopian work Blade Runner, highly advanced technology dominates the world. Human beings have advanced to the level of creating humanoids with the capacity to think and operate as normal humans. The story is set in Los Angeles in 2019. At the time, the Tyrell Corporation clones humans to make replicants or humanoids, which are designed to help human beings colonize outer space. In case the replicants are run out of control, each one has a fixed

In the classic dystopian work Blade Runner, highly advanced technology dominates the world. Human beings have advanced to the level of creating humanoids with the capacity to think and operate as normal humans. The story is set in Los Angeles in 2019. At the time, the Tyrell Corporation clones humans to make replicants or humanoids, which are designed to help human beings colonize outer space. In case the replicants are run out of control, each one has a fixed

Advanced Technologies in “Blade Runner” Movie Essay (Movie Review) Blade Runner is a classic dystopian work, in which highly advanced technology dominates the world. Human beings have advanced to the level of creating humanoids with the capacity to think and operate as normal humans. The story is set in Los Angeles in 2019. At the time, the Tyrell Corporation clones humans to make replicants or humanoids, which are designed to help human beings colonize outer space (Scott). In case the replicants are run out of control, each one has a fixed lifespan of four years. Therefore, it becomes easy to tame all the rogue replicants given their short lifespan. However, the replicants have advanced to become more and more intelligent, thus gaining some kind of consciousness together with developing some sense of human emotion. Thus, they have the internal conflict of their identity and start to think about the meaning of their existence, like real human beings. In the quest to expand their lifetime, a group of Nexus-6 replicants escapes from the off-world colonies and go to Earth with the hope of finding their maker to change their predetermined death time. The story is happening under such circumstances. The main character Derek, a cop, is given a mission from his captain to catch those escaped replicants and “retire” or kill them. Throughout the film, replicants are tracking their creator, as Derek follows them retiring them one by one. When the replicants finally find their creator, the owner of the Tyrell Cooperation, Dr. Eldon Tyrell, only two replicants are alive, that is Roy and his lover, Pris. Roy pleads with Tyrell to have his lifespan extended, but he is told that time to die is preprogrammed and thus unchangeable. Roy becomes angry and then kills his creator. Derek constantly follows Pris and Roy in an attempt to accomplish his mission of killing them. Ultimately, he retires Pris in a building after a protracted duel given that she is highly trained in gymnastics. After learning about Pris’s death, Roy is angry and he plans to kill Derek. They fight in the rain and Derek is seriously beaten because Roy is designed for combat. However, in the final moment, when Derek is almost falling from the top of a building, Roy saves him. He (Roy) knees on the floor, commenting on his life by stating the famous monologue on “tears in the rain”. Roy’s lifespan is up and he dies the same night. At the end of the movie, Derek completes his task and falls in love with another replicant, Rachel. The movie motivates our reflection on human nature, which is the reason why I recommend it. “What is the boundary between human beings and the replicants?” Replicants are created by humans to behave “more human than humans.” They embody timeless human value but ends on a note of complexity. The motivation to create a dystopian movie, such as Blade Runner can be found in the “Tears in the Rain” monologue by Roy. Once he saves Derek from falling from a building, which would have killed him instantly, Roy kneels down and deeply reflects on his life. In a monologue, he laments that he has seen things that human beings would not believe, but all those memories will be lost with time just like tears in rain. This section underscores the nature of human beings and the greatest mystery associated with death at the end of one’s life. Even though the replicant’s lifespans in the movie are set at 4 years, one of the issues that arise from this is whether the lifespan could be infinite. Just like Roy cries and laments that his thoughts would be lost like tears in the rain, humans are highly concerned with the fact that they would die and with time, they would be forgotten. As such, it suffices to argue that at the bottom of human hearts, one of the unquenched desires is the need to live eternally and do exploits on the earth and outer space. A pertinent question that arises at this point is whether during the creation of the humanoids their lifespan could be set in a way that it does not have an “expiry” date. If this were possible, then humanity would transform itself by ensuring that it lives forever. Roy’s “tears in the rain” monologue towards the end of the film is a reflection of the director’s reflections. It underscores humans’ silent wish for immortality. The humanoids’ only problem is that they have a lifespan – all other aspects are perfect in that they could survive in outer space and colonize other planets without the weaknesses that affect humans. Their bodies do not age like those of humans and yet, they have all other human attributes. They are compassionate, kind, forgiving, and can express all other human emotions. Therefore, the only thing that is remaining is for them to be designed in a way that they become immortals. Therefore, I recommend this movie because it highlights some of the pertinent issues affecting human beings – can we become immortal? Work Cited Scott, Ridley, director. Blade Runner. Warner Bros, 1982.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The essay discusses the advantages and disadvantages of publishing all clinical trials results.The advantage of publishing all clinical trials results is that it provides a clearer picture if many of the published trials are taken together. Many trials tend to give confusing, unclear and contradictory results. Therefore it is less effective to look into individual tests. With the publication of the results, clinicians who may have an interest in that particular field may have the opportunity to evaluate the results to gain knowledge which may be useful for other future trials. The other great advantage is that it minimizes the wastage of resources.

The essay discusses the advantages and disadvantages of publishing all clinical trials results. The advantage of publishing all clinical trials results is that it provides a clearer picture if many of the published trials are taken together. Many trials tend to give confusing, unclear and contradictory results. Therefore it is less effective to look into individual tests. With the publication of the results, clinicians who may have an interest in that particular field may have the opportunity to evaluate the results to gain knowledge which may be useful for other future trials. The other great advantage is that it minimizes the wastage of resources.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Publishing All Clinical Trials Essay Table of Contents 1. Publishing Clinical Trials Results 2. Advantages of Publishing All Clinical Trials Results 3. Disadvantages Of Publishing Clinical Trials Results 4. Conclusion 5. References Publishing Clinical Trials Results Clinical trials are research studies in which people assist doctors in finding ways health and control of disease each research study scientifically strives to answer the questions and finding solutions to the diagnosis, treatment a and prevention of a disease. A clinical trial is said to be the final stage of a long and a careful research process where studies are done with patients e.g. for cancer patients to find out whether the approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment are effective and safe. In this trial there are different types of clinical trials. A preventing trial is testing on new approaches such as medicine, minerals, vitamins that believes that it may lower the risk of a disease for this case cancer. And more so, prevention of the tendency of the re occurrence of the same disease. Treatment trial therefore is carrying out test on new treatments such as new drugs, new approaches to surgery, radiation therapy, new combination of treatment and new methods carried out on gene therapy. There is also screening trial which is a test carried out to identify a disease in its early stages and quality of life trials are done to explore the various approaches to improve the quality of life for the suffering patients. Advantages of Publishing All Clinical Trials Results The published results of trials give a clearer picture if many of the published trials are taken together. Many trials tend to give confusing, unclear and contradictory results. Therefore it is less effective to look into individual tests. With the publication of the results, clinicians who may have an interest in that particular field may have the opportunity to evaluate the results to gain knowledge which may be useful for other future trials (Pocock, 1983). When the trials are published and availed, there is speedy access to regular updates and summaries brought about by the high quality systematic reviews published in the leading journalist collaborations and therefore they can be used for reviewing and distributing to other beneficial users. (Hayward Communications 2001) A clinical trial publication offers a uniquely great advantage to researchers in terms of smooth publication of results in international and national journals. More so it builds up public confidence in the conduct and clarity in clinical trials for it encourages researchers to participate in more scientific, meaningful and ethically sound research. Also when the results are published, there is a better opportunity for other clinicians to review them, criticize and give their opinions and contributions towards the same. The other great advantage is that it minimizes the wastage of resources in that duplication of studies are reported in places colleges are carrying out studies using or rather producing what is actually what’s not their own. ( Khopkar U, Pande S. 2008) Disadvantages Of Publishing Clinical Trials Results There is failure in the traditional reviews in that, since the reviews have also been part of the medical literature which may be due to the long time experience and professional knowledge, it makes it difficult to achieve the review of evidence in support of their strong beliefs. Also the findings from a systematic reviews can not correlate with the findings from large scale high quality single trials hence need to be analyzed against the conflicting evidence from other sources.(Hayward Medical Communications 2001 ) The quality of the evidence tabled can sometimes go beyond the conclusions and recommendations drawn by the reviewers due to their enthusiasm. Conclusion It’s the readers’ obligation to analyses and exercise reasonable judgment on whether individual flaws undermine the findings, since all studies are presumed to have flaws that may nullify the findings. Although also these flawed studies may carry pertinent information. References Khopkar U, Pande S. 2008.Registration and reporting of clinical trials. Web. Stuart J. Pocock. 1983. Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach. John Wiley and Sons.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: Advertisement is a communication style associated with widespread diffusion capacity to entrench into society's discourse unrestrictedly. Adverts are powerful in terms of influence, as the mechanism has an aptitude, which creates a culture with the ability to stretch beyond global boundaries. almost everyone can witness the power of this phenomenon, whether through the TV, newspapers, or directories, and appreciate its persuading power. Through their power of publication, which falls in the category of persuasion, information and reminding, advertisements

Advertisement is a communication style associated with widespread diffusion capacity to entrench into society's discourse unrestrictedly. Adverts are powerful in terms of influence, as the mechanism has an aptitude, which creates a culture with the ability to stretch beyond global boundaries. almost everyone can witness the power of this phenomenon, whether through the TV, newspapers, or directories, and appreciate its persuading power. Through their power of publication, which falls in the category of persuasion, information and reminding, advertisements

Advertisements Used to Educate the General Public Essay Introduction Advertisement is a communication style associated with widespread diffusion capacity to entrench into society’s discourse unrestrictedly. Adverts are powerful in terms of influence, as the mechanism has an aptitude, which creates a culture with the ability to stretch beyond global boundaries. Almost everyone can witness the power of this phenomenon, whether through the TV, newspapers, or directories, and appreciate its persuading power. Through their power of publication, which falls in the category of persuasion, information and reminding, advertisements ensue whereabouts of a brand to the target customers unlimitedly. How It Is Used to Educate the Public Car Brands Through Directory The aim of an advert is to persuade, inform, and remind the public or customers of a brand. One of the best ways to pass a message across is to utilize directory mechanisms. A directory is a type of advertisement in which the business comfortably lists the category and names of a product. The main agenda in this regard is to ensure the public receives as much knowledge about a product as possible. Besides being a strategy that helps marketers make money, advertisement forms a culture, too. If forced to meet the desires of the consumer, the technique has direct consequences for their lives (McCabe, 2009). The modernity makes this approach demand an effective and comprehensive of its various elements and components for customers to appreciate a product. Through its vision, the design sends messages to all people, making them have similar concerns and adhere to the same beliefs and interests as a company does. Knowing about a product, for instance, the Chevrolet car, as seen in the picture, makes a customer receive a message filled with ideas similar to the companies. When everyone acquires information about this car in the same form, it causes a unified culture considering their belief will be of the similar approval. The Chevrolet Car Image 1. Chevrolet car (Global Brands, n.d). This picture was located in Global Brands’ directory because the channel makes a good advertisement strategy. The company can as well utilize yellow pages, an online store, to target customers through a directory mechanism. From the advert, for instance, the car is at position three globally as per Global Brand’s information stated in the advert with aspects such as durability and reliability being some of the main considerations to its rating. The product is currently sold in more than 100 countries and still maintains a perfect car brand value worldwide (“Car Brands-Top 20 in the World,” n.d). In terms of safety and reliability, the car became 23 rd universally in 2019 while maintaining its title of the most dependable vehicle (“Car Brands-Top 20 in the World,’ n.d). Economically, from its presentation and advert, as stated in Global Brands, the brand attracts customers who want a reliable car, with reliability and safety being the major concerns. Advertisement Through Television Television is a valuable channel for communication considering it as a popular platform for advertisement. For businesspersons who serve large market sizes, this platform is suitable because of its unique sound and light feature, which when used, easily persuades the viewers to want to buy it. This commercial communication mode has as well been mentioned in Barthes’ explanation. According to Barthes’ revelation, an image should persuade customers in making them understand its placement (Lanir, 2019). This picture alone, for example, shows a car without prints on the picture and thus signifies the originality of the car (Lanir, 2019). However, the viewer considers the message in a connoted way, associating the information provided to the trademark’s socio-cultural state. Image 2. Nissan (Global Brands, n.d). The picture shows a clear image of a car, considering customers do not require extra analysis to identify it. The image creates aspects of realism, hence meeting Barthes’ argument as written in his article titled “The Rhetoric of The Image – Roland Barthes (1964)” (McCabe, 2009). The author exposed the essentials to ignoring the need for other information besides what occurs in the customer’s view. It means once buyers are able to comprehend an object, they easily realize its identity just from its visual reality. This technique is most commonly used in TV commercial communications. In Barthes’ analysis, the concept of displaying images to create a specific comprehension of the object is noted meaningfully, and the same concept has been utilized in advertising the above (Nissan) car. When a picture is decoded, it helps a customer understand it from both the placement and composition effortlessly (Lanir, 2019). Beyond this conception, however, the commercialization of an object can be categorized as a linguistic dispatch with iconic messages (Lanir, 2019). The Nissan advert offers viewers value and meaning considering its iconic view. The Honda through a Newspaper Image 3. Honda (“Car Brands-Top 20 In the World,” n.d.). A newspaper is a type of advertisement media with the ability to network a brand to a wide range of customers. This type of communication utilizes a paper, with proper classified listings put under headings in sections. In most cases, when this advertisement channel meets the right consumers, the platform becomes useful and can give proper results. On Global Brands’ newspaper, this Honda intended to attract more clients the same as Chevrolet. In the context of durability, as stated in Global brands, the advertisers disclose this product to be consistent. The source reveals that the car is among the top ten cars rated for their reliability and technology (“Car Brands-Top 20 In the World,” n.d.). From this message, it is arguable, that the main purpose of this advertisement was to attract buyers by persuasion in the process; it educates all the interested consumers. A car brand is an example of an advertisement, which not only confines the principle of building brand awareness but also realizes Barthes’ concepts positively. Through persuasion, the strategy managed to utilize a car in marketing and explaining the uniqueness of the product; in the event, the statement becomes economical in characteristics. The objective is to show the entire process of communication in guaranteeing an increase in sales volume through messages which create a product’s specific comprehension. Global Brand’s product message works to direct a viewer or serve as an anchor in revealing the intended meaning. From the picture, however, customers can easily appreciate the image’s perceptual and cultural allusion simultaneously. However, a proper understanding of the pictures (Nissan, Honda and Chevrolet) requires the customers to have interpretational ability. This means the connotation of a message, which is a picture, will always direct the target population to avoid sticking to the literal image but instead to its extended communication. Global Brands being the main advertisers use luring messages to educate the potential buyers. Importantly, the marketers were keen to adhere to the promotional principle, which entails passing information to the target audience about a particular product. Conclusion In conclusion, advertisements are used to educate the public through three main techniques: persuasion, information, and reminding. Through TV, newspapers, and directories, marketers find it possible and easier to meet their esteemed clients. Individuals will only comprehend the availability of a product when they understand the brand. As Barthes explained marketing strategy, the sellers can have a message with “signification,”. By sharing Chevrolet, Nissan and Honda adverts, the manufacturers were utilizing the adverts to make more sales from the brands. References Car Brands – Top 20 In The World . (n.d.). Global Brands. Web. Lanir, L. (2019). Roland Barthes: Decoding images and image rhetoric — explained. Medium.com. Web. McCabe, H. (2009). Traces of The Real. Web.

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Write the original essay for the following summary: Personality affects communication in the process of work activities proportionately to the presence of its positive and negative traits.Personality affects communication in the process of work activities proportionately to the presence of its positive and negative traits.

Personality affects communication in the process of work activities proportionately to the presence of its positive and negative traits. Personality affects communication in the process of work activities proportionately to the presence of its positive and negative traits.

Affect Personality on Communication Essay Communication is a fundamental human function, which is essential for interpersonal relationships, the existence of society, organizations, and groups. In addition, the same person can interact in different ways at work with colleagues, at home with family, or at the university with peers. Currently, professional and academic attention is paid to the study of the influence of personality on communication styles in connection with their practical importance. The results of these researches show that personality effects on quality and variability of communication during interaction with the different kinds of people in sundry social situations. Certain studies investigate this theme in relation to work activities. In particular, the study results by Molero Jurado et al. (2018) show that a low level of consciousness and a high degree of neuroticism of an individual correlates with a destructive style of communication during verbal speech with colleagues. At the same time, a person characterized by optimism and positiveness interprets stressful situations in such a way that it improves the ability to control their communicative interactions with associates (Molero Jurado et al., 2018). Thus, personality affects the quality of communication in the process of work activities proportionately to the presence of its positive and negative traits. Personality characterized by emotional stability induces similar states in people who interact with them in communication and conversely. In particular, if someone in the family exhibits negative personality manifestations, it provokes similar emotional states in other people, which is called the effect of attraction (Gundogdu et al., 2017). Thus, even if an individual interacts in a positive way with colleagues or friends, their communication with such family members will be negative. Moreover, there is also a repulsion effect, as a result of which a specific personality causes opposite emotional states in other people interacting with them (Gundogdu et al., 2017). As a result, certain situations contribute to a change in the same person’s mood and, consequently, a shift in communication. Personality affects communication, besides, in the process of talking with slightly familiar people, such as peers at the university. Karadag and Kaya’s (2019) study, which was conducted among students, showed that people with an extraversion personality type, who have higher self-esteem and less anxiety, converse easily with classmates. It is considered the expected result since the presence of such traits suggests an increased willingness to communicate. The advantages of using an Internet site as a means of collecting data in psychological research consist of the simplicity of finding information and profitability. In contrast, the disadvantages are a possible distortion of results due to incomplete sampling and the absence of control over records collection. The ethical concerns, which could be noted in using a survey, include potential breaches of confidentiality and related violations of the nonmaleficence principle, resulting in the respondent’s reputation loss. To summarize, personality affects communication during interaction in various social situations with all kinds of people. In particular, it influences the quality of it during work with colleagues proportionately to the presence of its positive and negative features. Apart from it, there are effects of attraction and repulsion, in which one personality contributes to other changes in typical patterns of behavior in the process of communication among them. Moreover, personality affects communication during a conversation with slightly familiar people and the desire to converse with them. Using an Internet site in psychological research has advantages and disadvantages. The former consists of the profitability and the simplicity of finding data, while the latter comprises the absence of control over records collection and possible distortion of results. In addition, the ethical concerns of using a survey include potential violations of confidentiality and breaches of the nonmaleficence principle. References Gundogdu, D., Finnerty, A. N., Staiano, J., Teso, S., Passerini, A., Pianesi, F., & Lepri, B. (2017). Investigating the association between social interactions and personality states dynamics. Royal Society Open Science, 4 (9), 170194. Web. Karadag, S., & Kaya, S. D. (2019). The effects of personality traits on willingness to communicate: A study on university students. MANAS Journal of Social Studies , 8 (1), 397-410. Web. Molero Jurado, M., Pérez-Fuentes, M., Barragán Martín, A. B., Simón Márquez, M., Martos Martínez, Á., & Gázquez Linares, J. J. (2018). Personality and the moderating effect of mood on a verbal aggressiveness risk factor from work activities. Journal of Clinical Medicine , 7 (12), 525. Web.

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Provide the inputted essay that when summarized resulted in the following summary : The essay discusses how African American politicians during the conservative era were the only ones who defended their community.

The essay discusses how African American politicians during the conservative era were the only ones who defended their community.

African American Politicians During the Conservative Era Essay The 1960s were an era of the movement for installing freedom and eradicating prejudice in the American Society, which unified people of all cultural and racial backgrounds around championing the cause of social justice. The political leaders and organizations such as Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference are evidence of how powerful that united front was. The struggle of these people yielded significant results for the advancement of African Americans and laid the foundation for further expansion of the rights of black people. Yet, in the 1970s, the political climate began to change and drift towards the conservative side, which ultimately resulted in the presidency of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush in the following decades. The conservatives’ disregard of the African Americans’ needs made Black politicians of the period assume the role of the only defenders of their community. As it was mentioned earlier, the civil rights movement was a success and, as a consequence, led to the adoption of major laws which guaranteed freedom and equality to all black people. Moreover, the government and individual states initiated a variety of programs targeted at improving the social and economic conditions of African Americans, namely in the form of affirmative action and welfare support. Yet, over the years of their active existence, these policies were not well-received by the conservative segment of the population, among whom there were not only whites. Famous black economist Thomas Sowell was the most notable voice of the libertarian approach and a relentless critic of government programs, which, according to him, created a culture of poverty (“Chapter Twenty,” slide 4). Such claims further promoted the shift towards the conservative paradigm, which had to be opposed by African American politicians of the period. Among the most noteworthy examples of such political leaders was Jesse Jackson, who participated in both the 1984 and 1988 presidential races and managed to accumulate many supporters of different backgrounds. During his first attempt, he attracted a lot of attention for his proposals to increase funding for social programs, limit the budget of the Department of Defense, and pay reparations. One of his policies’ main points of focus was an education on which, he claimed, depended on the future of the country (“1984 Democratic Presidential Debate”). Another important part of his campaign concerned the issue of apartheid in South Africa, which, with the help of the Free South Africa Movement, was eventually addressed by the government. Jesse Jackson’s career as a prominent politician ended when he was accused of expressing an anti-Semitic stance (“Chapter Twenty,” slide 9). Thus, the conservative period did not produce black leaders who could seriously challenge the establishment, and the ones who attempted to do this were soon banned from the public. The 1980s and 1990s were the years when conservatives dominated the political and social areas, and the policies proposed by black leaders and politicians presented an alternative to the mainstream views. The civil rights movement brought many changes to American society, and various social programs for black people were among them. This sparked opposition from many people to active government funding of welfare and affirmative action initiatives. Conservative beliefs gained wider popularity and were criticized only by a small group of politicians, including Jesse Jackson, who acted as one of the main voices of the African American community. His support for government spending on social programs and education and decreased military budgets differed from the establishment’s positions. This made him a candidate of the poor, disenfranchised, and those left behind by the conservatives and their policies. Works Cited “1984 Democratic Presidential Debate.” YouTube , uploaded by Teenvote, 2017. “Chapter Twenty: The Search for New Directions During A Conservative Era, 1979-1991.” Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The 1930s and the 1940s in the U.S. were characterized by continuing discrimination of African Americans in the majority of the spheres of life in the country.Despite the fact that certain laws that promoted discrimination were abandoned, black people did not stop being affected by systemic prejudice. The 40s era saw many organizations that took actions to defend the rights of African Americans, and despite the fact that they espoused different tactics, they all contributed to the cause of racial justice.

The 1930s and the 1940s in the U.S. were characterized by continuing discrimination of African Americans in the majority of the spheres of life in the country. Despite the fact that certain laws that promoted discrimination were abandoned, black people did not stop being affected by systemic prejudice. The 40s era saw many organizations that took actions to defend the rights of African Americans, and despite the fact that they espoused different tactics, they all contributed to the cause of racial justice.

African Americans Civil Rights Gains Essay The 1930s and the 1940s in the U.S. were characterized by continuing discrimination of African Americans in the majority of the spheres of life in the country. The persistence of the Jim Crow laws in the South and the resulting segregation were considerable obstacles for black people since they affected their ability to have a proper job, vote, and use public transportation. Additionally, African Americans experienced racism in the armed forces, which, in the midst of the fight with Hitler’s fascism, made it difficult for the government to maintain the existing status quo at home. Yet, even after certain laws that promoted discrimination were abandoned, black people did not stop being affected by systemic prejudice. The 40s era saw many organizations that took actions to defend the rights of African Americans, and despite the fact that they espoused different tactics, they all contributed to the cause of racial justice. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was the most prominent political actor dedicated to improving African Americans’ status. The organization backed peaceful methods and, for example, supported activist A. Philip Randolph, who threatened the federal government with a possibility of a large march on Washington if racial mistreatment would not be prohibited. This strategy was effective and, in 1941, led to the signing of an executive order by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which banned racial discrimination in the defense industry (Jersey & Wormser, 2002). During the period after the war, many members of the NAACP, including W. E. B. Du Bois, who believed that the new Truman administration would not be concerned with the issues faced by black Americans. The end of WWII marked the beginning of the cold war, which resulted in strong opposition to the leftist movements in the U.S and caused the NAACP to distance itself from communism. When the USSR agreed to sponsor Du Bois’s “An Appeal to the World,” a document that addressed America’s racial injustice, he was removed from the organization. Soon, Du Bois joined the Council on African Affairs, founded by Paul Roberson, another left-leaning leader of the era (Chapter Sixteen, n.d.). The organization supported worldwide anti-colonialism and anti-imperialism and was dedicated to making domestic issues with racial injustice an international problem. Roberson had strong ties with the communists both in the U.S. and was outspoken in his support of the Soviet Union. Members of the Council on African Affairs believed that socialism could solve the problem of poverty in the country, they also promoted pan-Africanism and were active in South Africa. The existence of various groups committed to delivering racial and social justice for black Americans amplified the general message that there had to be a change and progress. As a response to civil society’s calls and actions, in 1946, President Harry Truman established the President’s Committee on Civil Rights (Chapter Sixteen, n.d.). It was created to investigate, assess, and analyze the situation with civil rights in the U.S. In 1947, the commission presented a report titled “To Secure These Rights,” outlining several proposals, including the establishment of a permanent Civil Rights Commission, implementation of anti-lynching measures, and adoption of fair employment legislation. Based on the report, President Truman signed two executive orders, which banned segregation in the federal workforce and the armed forces. This marked a significant improvement in terms of civil rights and a victory for the organizations, which, despite their ideological differences, together contributed to the common cause of ending racial injustice. References Chapter Sixteen. (n.d.). Fighting fascism abroad and racism at home [PowerPoint slides]. Jersey, B. (Director, Writer) & Wormser, R. (Director, Writer). (2002). Terror and triumph (Season 1, Episode 4) [Television series episode]. In W. Grant (Executive producer), The rise and fall of Jim Crow . Quest Productions; Videoline Inc.; WNET Channel 13 New York.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The essay discusses the conclusion reached by the author after the last civil discourse on what would come after postmodernism. It was found out that each subsequent cultural model denied the previous one while offering something new.

The essay discusses the conclusion reached by the author after the last civil discourse on what would come after postmodernism. It was found out that each subsequent cultural model denied the previous one while offering something new.

After-Postmodernism Era Suggestions Essay Civil discourse is not only a verbal method of transmitting information but also a tool for solving personal problems or generating new meanings. The last significant personal discussion was on civilization’s topic, namely, what would come after postmodernism. It can be said that postmodernism is the current cultural and philosophical paradigm that determines the structure and content of various fundamental ideas and arts. This essay aims to describe the conclusion reached by the author after the last civil discourse. Many philosophers and other humanitarian specialists believe that the modern global society in general and the Western world in particular lives in the paradigm of postmodernism. Postmodern ideas imply the individual’s liberation from all traditions, moral norms, and objective reality. Postmodernism suggests that culture is a multidimensional phenomenon, where there is no single cultural pattern or trend. Such a concept creates difficulties in answering the question of what might be the next cultural climate. During the civil discourse, it was found out that each subsequent cultural model denied the previous one while offering something new. For example, postmodernism’s chaos and irrationalism are a natural denial of modernism’s order and rationalism. Therefore, the next cultural paradigm will deny the diversity of multiple ideas and the subjective perspective, but from a new, previously unbalanced perspective. This essay is a description of civil discourse on how the cultural climate will look like after the postmodernism era. It was found out that the change of cultural paradigms occurs on the principle of logical denial of the previous cultural model along with the introduction of new ideas. It means that after-postmodernism will deny the concepts of subversion, chaos, and subjectivity. It is important to note that this reasoning is more appealing to the Western philosophical school.

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Write the original essay for the following summary: With industry leader Vivienne Mackinder as our guide, AG's seven-member Artistic Team learned exactly what it means to be brilliant. With fresh eyes, they looked at shapes, proportions, and history for inspiration. The team was asked to let go of all they thought they knew, and embrace their inner artists. The result? Sheer brilliance!

With industry leader Vivienne Mackinder as our guide, AG's seven-member Artistic Team learned exactly what it means to be brilliant. With fresh eyes, they looked at shapes, proportions, and history for inspiration. The team was asked to let go of all they thought they knew, and embrace their inner artists. The result? Sheer brilliance!

AG Hair Cosmetics: Style With Substance Essay (Article) AG knows that to be successful you need to have more than just-style. It’s more about substance – what’s on the inside and what inspires you to constantly improve. We are a company that’s driven by the passion, and determination of our employees and artists spreading the infectious AG philosophy. So, what’s the philosophy? It’s to keep developing and evolving as a company and invigorating brilliance. And at a recent training, AG’s Artistic Team did just that. With industry leader Vivienne Mackinder as our guide, AG’s seven-member Artistic Team learned exactly what it means to be brilliant. With fresh eyes, they looked at shapes, proportions, and history for inspiration. The team was asked to let go of all they thought they knew, and embrace their inner artists. The result? Sheer brilliance! Vivienne began working with the team on the basic foundational skills – pinning, French Twist, Marcel Waves, The Gibson, and hair sewing, paying specific attention to “shape”. There is a reason the “grandmasters” still use these techniques. It’s because they work and can stand the test of time in any situation just with a tinge of self-expression in the work. Using the camera as our silent assistant, we photographed the team’s journey. Taking a step back to see their work at every angle; they learned to see their models from others’ eyes. They were challenged to find the shapes and silhouettes of what they were creating; oval, triangular, round – and to understand the shape and analyze it. By “taking 10 seconds to look at your work at eye level it will help you achieve what you are looking for – don’t just do hair, dress hair,” says Vivienne. Day one at the salon ended with a model call to cast for our photoshoot and we quickly learned one of our most valuable lessons – you can fix or supplement the hair, but if you have the wrong face, you have nothing. Every model was photographed at different angles and distances, using the pictures to analyze their full potential. The team was instructed to discuss and critique their analysis of the work and the model. ‘Are they the right height, do they have heavy eyelids is there room for dramatic makeup, are they too androgynous, could make a shape themselves, can they move, do they understand light, do they know how to convey emotion? Look at their portfolio for an array of emotions, poses, and themes. Do they look expensive ? And pay close attention to the model’s experience. Lack of model experience will cost more in time than anything else. The journey continued on Day Two with the process of developing the Collection Story. AG’s team printed out photos of each look, every set of wardrobe, each model’s headshot, and a hand drawing of each artist’s hair idea. They then began to mix and match each model with a photograph of each set of wardrobes to design which ‘look’ complimented which combination – over and over again. Then began the process of developing a story; taking pictures, analyzing shapes, and moving forward – taking inspirational pictures, printing out photographs of mannequin heads, and working over and over to see what wardrobe matched what inspirational hair shape with which model. Slowly but surely a story began to unfold right before our eyes. Brilliant, we thought! End of Day Two – exhausted and exhilarated, the team met and dined with BABAK and Vivienne. The butterflies began — no one slept a wink. Day three began with organized chaos; seven models, seven artistic team members, two makeup artists, a videographer, a wardrobe stylist, three assistants, and one hotel room. The day unfolded with two decidedly different collection stories, the model prep, the Artistic Team, and the photoshoot all in the capable hands of Art Director Vivienne Mackinder and Photographer Babak along with his trusty but silent assistant Felix. And without sounding too cliché, these pictures spoke a thousand words. When asked how the experience had impacted them, here is what the artistic team had to say… “I couldn’t have ever imagined myself working alongside the brilliant Viv (Vivienne). It was an inspirational session and we are all completely exhausted yet exhilarated with the experience of a lifetime. We did learn a lot at this training session and most importantly we had a lot of fun.” At AG we believe that the potential for greatness lies within all our employees. Through dedicated coaching and development, and by encouraging the entrepreneurial spirit that our organization was built on, we can unleash that greatness. With Vivienne’s training, AG’s Artists were able to tap into the substance behind every style and bring out their true brilliance.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: The essay argues that the existence of determinism and the prediction argument suggests that people, in fact, do not have free will.

The essay argues that the existence of determinism and the prediction argument suggests that people, in fact, do not have free will.

Against Free Will: Determinism and Prediction Essay (Critical Writing) People would like to believe that their actions are a result of willingly made choices, but it may not be so. A human being exists in the realms of biology and physics, where the power of determinism is strong, and it is difficult to claim independence from them. On the other hand, humans have the ability to make predictions about themselves and others, some of which will come true, undermining the idea of free will. This paper will argue that the existence of determinism and the prediction argument suggests that people, in fact, do not have free will. Determinism implies that everything in the universe is predetermined, meaning it has a clear course for how future events will unfold. For instance, genes can predetermine one’s behavior, which is true for humans, although the environment also plays a role, adding to the deterministic approach (Willmott 24, 25). Additionally, physics also operates on determinism, which is evident by performing the same experiment and achieving a single result, although particles have a certain degree of uncertainty regarding their position or components (Scardigli et al. 37). It could apply to humans, too, as they might have some freedom to their actions and clothes, but their overall life is predetermined. Furthermore, as in science, people can make predictions about certain events involving themselves and others. Not one all of them tend to come true, but those that consider the circumstances, the personality, and the reoccurrence will probably do. In the end, those factors have a deterministic value, not unlike everything else in the universe, further depriving humans of free will. Thus, determinism is inherent to the universe, which is eventually predicted to die. Humans belong to the complex world and are also subject to predetermined fate, although they may consider certain randomness to their actions as evidence for free will. Determinism has degrees, and some can probably reconcile the fact that it can coexist with free will. However, even those moments of clarity are probably an integral part of a human’s deterministic nature, similarly to particles. Works Cited Scardigli, Fabio, et al. Determinism and Free Will: New Insights from Physics, Philosophy, and Theology . Springer, 2019. Willmott, Chris. Biological Determinism, Free Will and Moral Responsibility: Insights from Genetics and Neuroscience . Springer, 2016.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: Chase demand and level capacity are the two types of strategies that can be implemented to achieve a balance of demand and capacity in aggregate planning.Chase demand and level capacity are the two types of strategies that can be implemented to achieve a balance of demand and capacity in aggregate planning. Under the chase strategy, production is varied as demand varies, matching the level of demand. A period's planned quantity of output is equal to that period's expected demand. The level capacity strategy is intended to supply the demand by setting up a uniform capacity level for a particular period. This strategy does not consider any fluctuations in the level of demand. Overall, under the chase strategy, production is varied as demand varies, and with the level strategy, production remains at a constant level in spite of demand variations.

Chase demand and level capacity are the two types of strategies that can be implemented to achieve a balance of demand and capacity in aggregate planning. Chase demand and level capacity are the two types of strategies that can be implemented to achieve a balance of demand and capacity in aggregate planning. Under the chase strategy, production is varied as demand varies, matching the level of demand. A period's planned quantity of output is equal to that period's expected demand. The level capacity strategy is intended to supply the demand by setting up a uniform capacity level for a particular period. This strategy does not consider any fluctuations in the level of demand. Overall, under the chase strategy, production is varied as demand varies, and with the level strategy, production remains at a constant level in spite of demand variations.

Aggregate Planning and Master Scheduling Case Study Chase demand and level capacity are the two types of strategies that can be implemented to achieve a balance of demand and capacity in aggregate planning. Under the chase strategy, production is varied as demand varies, matching the level of demand. A period’s planned quantity of output is equal to that period’s expected demand. The level capacity strategy is intended to supply the demand by setting up a uniform capacity level for a particular period. This strategy does not consider any fluctuations in the level of demand. Overall, under the chase strategy, production is varied as demand varies, and with the level strategy, production remains at a constant level in spite of demand variations. Master Production Schedule (MPS) is the result of the disaggregation of the aggregate plan, which shows the quantity and timing of specific end items for a scheduled horizon. The inputs of master scheduling are the beginning inventory, forecast, and customer orders. The outputs include the projected inventory of finished goods, master production schedule, and uncommitted inventory (Stevenson, 2014). A master schedule indicates the quality and delivery times for a product but does not show planned production. A key component of effective scheduling is the use of time fences that are points in time that separate phases of a master schedule planning horizon. Time fences divide a scheduling time horizon into three sections, referred to as frozen, slushy, and liquid dependent on the firmness of the schedule (Stevenson, 2014). Frozen time fences are firm or fixed phases that can be subject only to emergency changes. In the slushy phase, capacity and materials are committed to less extent. In the liquid zone, any changes can be made to the MPS as long as they are within the limits set by the production plan. References Stevenson, W. (2014). Operations management (12 th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

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Write the original essay for the following summary: The Ainu, an isolated small group of people living in Hokkaido, Japan, try to maintain their identity after centuries of forced assimilation. The Internet can help them to draw attention to existing problems and seek protection from the international community.

The Ainu, an isolated small group of people living in Hokkaido, Japan, try to maintain their identity after centuries of forced assimilation. The Internet can help them to draw attention to existing problems and seek protection from the international community.

Ainu People of Japan Essay Indigenous people often suffer from the discrimination and denial of their rights by majoritarian ethnic groups. Nevertheless, the Internet can help them to draw attention to existing problems and seek protection from the international community. The Ainu, an isolated small group of people living in Hokkaido, Japan, try to maintain their identity after centuries of forced assimilation. Documentary videos, interviews, and articles on the Internet can help people draw public attention to existing problems and solve them. The Ainu People The cultural, economic, and social composition of the Ainu is not homogeneous, which makes it difficult to describe them. The people are indigenous to the north of Japan, they inhabit the islands of Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kurils (Allorah). Currently, the Ainu have remained only in Japan, in particular, on the island of Hokkaido, where their number is about 25,000 (Peeler, 00:03:13). Although the people were under strong pressure from colonial Japan, which sought to assimilate the Ainu, they managed to retain specific traditional features. The Ainu live in small family clans of 4-10 families in sedentary villages. Their family structure is patriarchal, with a clear division of labor based on gender (Allorah). Traditionally, the Ainu were engaged in fishing, hunting, and gathering, using the biodiversity of the island and access to marine resources. However, due to constant contact with foreigners since the 17th century, the people have mastered animal husbandry and the sale of rice, which is now the basis of their economy (Allorah). Due to their knowledge of the local nature, the people manage to successfully use its resources for agriculture. However, modern Ainu reports high levels of poverty among the people due to lack of access to adequate education (Ainu still battling poverty). Moreover, it is noted that indigenous families traditionally have many children, which also complicates the situation (Peeler 00:34:28). Thus, modern Ainu strives to preserve their social order, however, the economic situation in modern conditions is deteriorating for them. Despite the long period of oppression of the Ainu, the government is now trying to support the economy of their population in Hokkaido. The modern representative of the people is engaged in lumber, mining, commercial fishing, or agriculture (Peeler 00:04:17). Also, due to the growing interest of foreigners and the Japanese themselves in the culture of the Ainu, many of them are engaged in cultural activities to attract tourism, which is also a source of income (Peeler 00:05:03). It is mentioned, unlike in the past, “supporting the family through the century-old ancestral practices is not easy” (South China Morning Post 00:01:59). Thus, modern representatives of the people have to abandon traditional occupations to ensure their survival. The economic and social life of the community is under the control of Hokkaido Prefecture, which is an additional obstacle to the economic development of the Ainu. Living in Japan, most Ainu speaks Japanese in their daily lives. However, the people have their language, which is “considered an isolated language, and it is not related to Japanese” (Peeler 00:15:47). Since traditionally there was no written Ainu language, their history and culture were transmitted orally. However, in 2000, the Japanese government allowed the people to use as signs of writing “small case katakana and half-voices sounds” (Peeler 00:16:04). At the moment, the Ainu language is endangered, as the Japanese colonizers forced Ainu children to learn traditional Japanese language in schools. Nevertheless, cultural organizations and activists try to preserve and transmit the language of the people among the inhabitants of the island. Most of the native speakers are elderly people who took it from their parents. However, it is mentioned that often parents forbade children to learn the language, as they feared discrimination (Peeler 00:15:03). Thus, the language is an important part of the cultural identity of the Ainu, which they have managed to preserve. The people practice animism and believe that all living creatures have an inner spirit, which after death goes to the deities. Thus, hunting for them is a ritual activity and is performed not only for survival but also for sacrifices (Allorah). Ainu worships a bear, as the animal is the strongest predator, next to which they have to exist for many centuries. Killing the animal while hunting is also a ritual, as is a special festival held in its honor (Allorah). The deities of the sea are also of particular importance to the Ainu, as fishing is a traditional activity for them. Modern Ainu is less faithful to their religious traditions, as they are less engaged in hunting and fishing. However, they strive to preserve them as part of their identity and cultural heritage. Due to the continuous assimilation policy, for a long time, the people were not recognized as indigenous which deprived them of certain rights. In 2008, the people were recognized as indigenous and a policy of maintaining and preserving their cultural heritage began to develop (Takeshi). However, the laws passed by the Japanese government regarding the Ainu do not give them such important rights as special conditions for fishing and land rights (Takeshi). Thus, although mainland Japan seeks to apologize for discrimination and misconception of the people in the past, with modern legislative steps, it is increasingly devaluing the identity of the Ainu. Websites Review Ainu’s issues are now attracting a lot of attention not only in Japan but all over the world. The article The precarious situation and complex status of the Ainu (2020) by Allorah contains useful information about the history, traditions, and culture of the people. The author of the article is an academic who is also interested in anthropology, theology, and philosophy. The material is presented in accessible language but based on credible sources and research, which makes the audience wide. The article is extremely useful for getting acquainted with the historical and cultural aspects of the Ainu, and can be used by the audience interested in learning the people. The most detailed material used is the documentary Have you heard about the Ainu? Elders of Japan’s indigenous people speak (2016) filmed by Dr. Kinko Ito. The author is a professor of sociology at the University of Arkansas in the United States. The film is a set of interviews with indigenous people of Hokkaido, telling about the culture and life of the Ainu. The material is extremely useful for a detailed acquaintance with the living culture of the people and its history and may be used by the audience striving for deeper knowledge about the people. A critical look at modern people’s legislation is presented in No rights, no regret: new Ainu legislation short on substance (2019). The author is Higashimura Takeshi, a teacher at the School of International Development in Nagoya. In the article, he discusses the disadvantages of the laws passed in the last years aimed at restoring the rights of the Ainu. The information is useful for studying the political field of the people’s problems and the actions were taken by Japanese politicians and can be used by the audience interested in a legal debate. The Ainu people are isolated and small in number, so it was not possible to find materials written directly by their representatives in English. However, there are interviews with indigenous people, one of them is Ainu still battling poverty and barriers to education, the representative says (2020). Tadashi Kato, who is the executive director of the Ainu Association of Hokkaido, discusses the causes and solutions to the poverty problems of modern Ainu. The material is useful for understanding what problems concern modern representatives of the people and can be used by the audience interested in social issues. The video which can tell a lot about the modern life of Ainu and their issues is Japan’s indigenous Ainu people still hunting for acceptance of their ancestral traditions (2019). The video was posted by the South China Morning Post , however, the main character is an indigenous Ainu named Atsushi Monbetsu. The young man talks about the craft of hunting, its importance, and the desire of representatives to regain the opportunity to engage in traditional activities. The interview illustrates the problems of contemporary Ainu and their desire to preserve their identity. Both interviews since presented by two indigenous people emphasize the current everyday struggle of individuals, whereas other materials focus primarily on legislative measures and cultural overview. Importance of the Internet for Indigenous Peoples Various types of information can be found on the Internet, it is a place where people can exchange opinions on current issues and draw attention to them. This is an excellent tool for indigenous peoples because using it, they can tell society about their existence and problems. Without a global network, they would have to communicate exclusively with the authorities of the territory in which they live, but they are not always ready to help. Thus, the Internet allows indigenous peoples to claim their rights and try to find protection from the international community, preserving their traditional way of living and cultural diversity. Ainu People of Japan Indigenous people often suffer from the discrimination and denial of their rights by majoritarian ethnic groups. Nevertheless, the Internet can help them to draw attention to existing problems and seek protection from the international community. The Ainu, an isolated small group of people living in Hokkaido, Japan, try to maintain their identity after centuries of forced assimilation. Documentary videos, interviews and articles on the Internet can help people draw public attention to existing problems and solve them. The Ainu People The cultural, economic and social composition of the Ainu is not homogeneous, which makes it difficult to describe them. The people are indigenous to the north of Japan, they inhabit the islands of Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and Kurils (Allorah). Currently, the Ainu have remained only in Japan, in particular, on the island of Hokkaido, where their number is about 25,000 (Peeler, 00:03:13). Although the people were under strong pressure from colonial Japan, which sought to assimilate the Ainu, they managed to retain specific traditional features. The Ainu live in small family clans of 4-10 families in sedentary villages. Their family structure is patriarchal, with a clear division of labor based on gender (Allorah). Traditionally, the Ainu were engaged in fishing, hunting and gathering, using the biodiversity of the island and access to marine resources. However, due to constant contact with foreigners since the 17th century, the people have mastered animal husbandry and the sale of rice, which is now the basis of their economy (Allorah). Due to their knowledge of the local nature, the people manage to successfully use its resources for agriculture. However, modern Ainu report high levels of poverty among the people due to lack of access to adequate education (Ainu still battling poverty). Moreover, it is noted that indigenous families traditionally have many children, which also complicates the situation (Peeler 00:34:28). Thus, modern Ainu strive to preserve their social order, however, the economic situation in modern conditions is deteriorating for them. Despite the long period of oppression of the Ainu, the government is now trying to support the economy of their population in Hokkaido. The modern representative of the people is engaged in lumber, mining, commercial fishing or agriculture (Peeler 00:04:17). Also, due to the growing interest of foreigners and the Japanese themselves in the culture of the Ainu, many of them are engaged in cultural activities to attract tourism, which is also a source of income (Peeler 00:05:03). It is mentioned, unlike in the past, “supporting the family through the century-old ancestral practices is not easy” (South China Morning Post 00:01:59). Thus, modern representatives of the people have to abandon traditional occupations to ensure their survival. The economic and social life of the community is under the control of Hokkaido Prefecture, which is an additional obstacle to the economic development of the Ainu. Living in Japan, most Ainu speak Japanese in their daily lives. However, the people have their own language, which is “considered an isolated language, and it is not related to Japanese” (Peeler 00:15:47). Since traditionally there was no written Ainu language, their history and culture were transmitted orally. However, in 2000, the Japanese government allowed the people to use as signs of writing “small case katakana and half-voices sounds” (Peeler 00:16:04). At the moment, the Ainu language is endangered, as the Japanese colonizers forced Ainu children to learn traditional Japanese language in schools. Nevertheless, cultural organizations and activists try to preserve and transmit the language of the people among the inhabitants of the island. Most of the native speakers are elderly people who took it from their parents. However, it is mentioned that often parents forbade children to learn the language, as they feared discrimination (Peeler 00:15:03). Thus, the language is an important part of the cultural identity of the Ainu, which they have managed to preserve. The people practice animism and believe that all living creatures have an inner spirit, which after death goes to the deities. Thus, hunting for them is a ritual activity and is performed not only for survival, but also for sacrifices (Allorah). Ainu worship a bear, as the animal is the strongest predator, next to which they have to exist for many centuries. Killing the animal while hunting is also ritual, as is a special festival held in its honor (Allorah). The deities of the sea are also of particular importance to the Ainu, as fishing is a traditional activity for them. Modern Ainu are less faithful to their religious traditions, as they are less engaged in hunting and fishing. However, they strive to preserve them as part of their identity and cultural heritage. Due to the continuous assimilation policy, for a long time the people were not recognized as indigenous which deprived them from certain rights. In 2008, the people were recognized as indigenous and a policy of maintaining and preserving their cultural heritage began to develop (Takeshi). However, the laws passed by the Japanese government regarding the Ainu do not give them such important rights as special conditions for fishing and land rights (Takeshi). Thus, although mainland Japan seeks to apologize for discrimination and misconception of the people in the past, with modern legislative steps, it is increasingly devaluing the identity of the Ainu. Websites Review Ainu’s issues are now attracting a lot of attention not only in Japan but all over the world. The article The precarious situation and complex status of the Ainu (2020) by Allorah contains useful information about the history, traditions and culture of the people. The author of the article is an academic who is also interested in anthropology, theology, and philosophy. The material is presented in accessible language, but based on credible sources and research, which makes the audience wide. The article is extremely useful for getting acquainted with the historical and cultural aspects of the Ainu, and can be used by the audience interested in learning the people. The most detailed material used is the documentary Have you heard about the Ainu? Elders of Japan’s indigenous people speak (2016) filmed by Dr. Kinko Ito. The author is a professor of sociology at the University of Arkansas in the United States. The film is a set of interviews with indigenous people of Hokkaido, telling about the culture and life of the Ainu. The material is extremely useful for a detailed acquaintance with the living culture of the people and its history, and may be used by the audience striving for deeper knowledge about the people. A critical look at modern people’s legislation is presented in No rights, no regret: new Ainu legislation short on substance (2019). The author is Higashimura Takeshi, the teacher at the School of International Development in Nagoya. In the article, he discusses the disadvantages of the laws passed in the last years aimed at restoring the rights of the Ainu. The information is useful for studying the political field of the people’s problems and the actions taken by Japanese politicians, and can be used by the audience interested in legal debate. The Ainu people are isolated and small in number, so it was not possible to find materials written directly by their representatives in English. However, there are interviews with indigenous people, one of them is Ainu still battling poverty and barriers to education, representative says (2020). Tadashi Kato, who is the executive director of the Ainu Association of Hokkaido, discusses the causes and solutions to the poverty problems of modern Ainu. The material is useful for understanding what problems concern modern representatives of the people, and can be used by the audience interested in social issues. The video which can tell a lot about the modern life of Ainu and their issues is Japan’s indigenous Ainu people still hunting for acceptance of their ancestral traditions (2019). The video was posted by the South China Morning Post , however, the main character is indigenous Ainu named Atsushi Monbetsu. The young man talks about the craft of hunting, its importance and the desire of representatives to regain the opportunity to engage in traditional activities. The interview illustrates the problems of contemporary Ainu and their desire to preserve their identity. Both interviews since presented by two indigenous people emphasize the current everyday struggle of individuals, whereas other materials focus primarily on legislative measures and cultural overview. Importance of the Internet for Indigenous Peoples Various types of information can be found on the Internet, it is a place where people can exchange opinions on current issues and draw attention to them. This is an excellent tool for indigenous peoples, because using it, they can tell society about their existence and problems. Without a global network, they would have to communicate exclusively with the authorities of the territory in which they live, but they are not always ready to help. Thus, the Internet allows indigenous peoples to claim their rights and try to find protection from the international community, preserving their traditional way of living and cultural diversity. Works Cited “ Ainu still battling poverty and barriers to education, representative says.” The Japan Times , 2020, Web. Allorah. “ The precarious situation and complex status of the Ainu .” Soapboie , 2020, Web. “ Have you heard about the Ainu? Elders of Japan’s indigenous people speak .” YouTube , uploaded by K. I. Peeler, 2016, Web. “ Japan’s indigenous Ainu people still hunting for acceptance of their ancestral traditions .” YouTube , uploaded by South China Morning Post, 2019. Web. Takeshi, Higashimura. “No rights, no regret: New Ainu legislation short on substance”. Nippon, 2019 , Web.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The service life of an engine is determined by evaluating finite element structures in order to investigate temperature and stress parameters for a specified time period. In his research on life cycle of an engine.Broede argues that rotational speeds and engine intake are functions of time and assume a typical real flight mission with respect to the life consumption of the engine components. Broede further indicates that damage calculation show structure locations that have highest life consumption and forms foundation for declaring critical areas of structures that should be monitored.

The service life of an engine is determined by evaluating finite element structures in order to investigate temperature and stress parameters for a specified time period. In his research on life cycle of an engine.Broede argues that rotational speeds and engine intake are functions of time and assume a typical real flight mission with respect to the life consumption of the engine components. Broede further indicates that damage calculation show structure locations that have highest life consumption and forms foundation for declaring critical areas of structures that should be monitored.

Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Parts Life Usage Monitoring Report The service life of an engine is determined by evaluating finite element structures in order to investigate temperature and stress parameters for a specified time period. In his research on life cycle of an engine.Broede argues that rotational speeds and engine intake are functions of time and assume a typical real flight mission with respect to the life consumption of the engine components. Broede further indicates that damage calculation show structure locations that have highest life consumption and forms foundation for declaring critical areas of structures that should be monitored. The stress in these areas is determined by the monitoring system and the temperatures are determined from structural points that forms a good approximate of thermal stresses at the specified critical areas. This is done by monitoring algorithms and should satisfy modeling of the heat conduction. Pfoertner proposes determination of gas path temperatures computation of heat sources as this is a derivative of metal temperature development of the structure. This facilitates modeling that is based on approximated performance designs. The power function model is represented as T gas *=a+ b (N rot *) c where T gas * and N rot * are thermodynamically reduced gas temperature and rotational speed 1 and variables a, b and c are individual gas temperatures from calculation of design performance. If the temperature points of a compressor inlet and outlet temperatures T gas 1 represent T gas 2 are available and the temperature points consisting of several stages with a long extension in axial direction are considered, the linear combination of them will be T gas = (1-c) . T gas ; 1+c . T gas 2. This combination is used with different values of c which represent the corresponding points of the gas temperatures. Harrison indicates that development of metal temperatures requires a discreet dynamical system that is derived from Fourier’s heat conduction operation by discretisation subject to the time and spatial coordinates. The temperatures in each point are calculated stepwise starting with an initial temperature distribution. The temperature at time step i follow from its value at the previous time step i -1. A leading temperature T lead is assigned which depends on the selected gas temperature T gas : T lead (t) =T lead (i-1) +a . (b . T gas (i) -T lead (i-1). The leading temperature T lead and temperatures of at least three neighboring points T j determines the increment of metal temperature of the considered point T (i) =T (i-1) +c.(T lead (i) -T (i-1) +∑dj(Tj (i-1) -T (i-1) . This implies that the change in metal temperature is directly proportional to the difference between gas heat transfer and the conductivity of the metal. The variables a, c, dj are functions of rotational speed N rot and are power functions of the form e+ f . (N rot /N rot . ref ) g with a given reference speed N rot.ref and constants e, f and g. A combination of speed, pressure and gas temperature can be used instead of dependency on the rotational speed N rot. The variable b depends on rotational speed and is calculated normally for about five selected speed valves conditionally to meet the steady state of metal temperatures for these speeds, the b values for other speeds are linearly interpolative. The more or less remote gas path temperature T gas represents the heat transfer from the gas to the metal point and is delayed twice in the time successfully, by effect of the parameters a and c and is distorted by b. The total amount of the assembly, centrifugal and thermal temperatures gives the stresses for each specified area and this is represented by the equation б =C o +C cf .N rot 2 +∑c j . T j where c o , c cf and c j are derivatives of minimized maximum stress errors evaluated on the basis of metal temperature for the speed. Broede and Kohl point out that in life usage monitoring or consumption assessment, the released life of an engine component is formulated in terms of maximum allowed number of reference cycles. The relative cyclic damage of an arbitrarily given stress cycle is conveniently defined by the ratio of damage of the cycle to the damage due to the reference cycle. D cycles = (damage of cycles)/ (damage of reference cycle) and is expressed in units of one reference cycle. If N cycle denotes the total number of given stress cycle leading to crack initiation, the damage of one reference cycle is denoted by 1/N ref. The relative cyclic damage for the crack initiation phase will be D cycle =N ref /N cycle . In crack propagation rate (da/dN) cycle , damage of the reference cycle by (da/dN) ref , yielding the relative cyclic damage D cycle = (da/dN) cycle /(da/dN) ref . In the concept of crack initiation life, the damage accumulation process is assumed to be linear and damage increments are independent from the current state of accumulated damage then the relative cyclic damage values of each extracted cycle are added up. In crack propagation, all stress cycles are converted into stress intensifying factors using the equation K(a)=g(a) . б criticalarea +K add (a). The crack propagation law is used to calculate increments using stress intensity factor range K/R-ratio and temperature. (Fig 1).The total damages of the run engine are added once the engine is switched off. The time utility is dependent on the time difference between start of the engine and take off as well as landing and shut down of the engine. Bibliography Broede, J. & Kohl, M. “Aero Engine Life Usage Monitoring Including Safe Crack Propation.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring,Stanford University, Stanford,CA,September 8-10,1999. 1999. Broede, J. Engine Life Consumption Monitoring Program for RB199 Integrated in on-Board Life Monitoring System. Quebec: AGARD CP 448, 1988. Harrison, G. “Translation of Service Usage into Component Life Consumption.” Recommended Practices for Monitoring Gas Turbine Engine Life Consumption RTO Technical Report 28(RTO-TR-28,AC/323/(AVT)TP/22. April 2000. Pfoertner, H. “Extension of the Usable Engine Life by Modelling and Monitoring.” Aging Aircraft Fleets:Structural and Other System Aspects. in Sofia (Bulgaria), RTO-EN-015, 2001: RTO Lecture Series 218 bis. Fig.1 Flight damage calculation scheme Footnotes 1. That is normalized to International Standard Altitude conditions.

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Write the original essay that generated the following summary: The essay discusses the reasons why airline mergers can be difficult to make work and how Lufthansa and BMI were able to get what they both wanted out of their deal.Lufthansa and BMI were able to get what they both wanted out of their deal because they were able to find a way to work together despite their different cultures and strategies.

The essay discusses the reasons why airline mergers can be difficult to make work and how Lufthansa and BMI were able to get what they both wanted out of their deal. Lufthansa and BMI were able to get what they both wanted out of their deal because they were able to find a way to work together despite their different cultures and strategies.

Airline Mergers and the Case Between BMI and Lufthansa Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Point of View of BMI 3. Point of View of Lufthansa 4. Lufthansa’s Move 5. Lufthansa and Sir M. Bishop 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction There are various kinds of businesses around the world. There is the manufacturing business or the buying and selling type of businesses. One could also make money, not by producing or selling a product but by providing a particular type of service. The transport business allows for the movement of goods and people. And it can be argued that in this particular type of business, there is none more glamorous than the airline industry. This is probably the reason why it is a highly competitive industry and it is very hard to make money through buying planes, maintaining them and then transporting passengers from location to the next. One business strategy that allows a company to survive is through airline mergers. In the case of BMI and Lufthansa airlines, the German firm wanted to acquire the British owned BMI. It was a logical thing to do for both companies but the “put option” exercised by a majority owner of BMI almost derailed the acquisition and it went as far as going to the court of law to resolve their problems. The following is an in-depth analysis of what transpired and how Lufthansa and BMI were able to get what they both wanted out of the deal. This is an interesting case study because an airline merger and acquisition does not guarantee success. This is true in any type of industry but according to experts there is a reason why it would be doubly hard to make an airline merger work. First of all how can two companies merged when both had been developed using different sets of corporate values and strategies? There is a difference in corporate culture for both companies. There are also two different systems of accomplishing a particular task. How can two become one? In one example – the merger of PSA and USAir – the employees of PSA believed that they have a better airline (Kaplan, 2000). This also means that employees of the acquired company must relearn or undergo training to learn a new mode of doing things (Kaplan, 2000). This can be the cause of a rough start and can be the cause of a small rift that will prove to be difficult to deal with at the end. Aside from the corporate leadership point view there is also the problem of profitability. A group of researchers, who followed airline mergers, compiled their research findings and concluded that mergers can be disastrous for both companies and added, “It shows highly negative returns several years beyond the acquisition. Cumulative returns are negative three years after the acquisition for eleven of the fifteen surviving acquirers (three did not survive, three years postmerger) and twelve of fourteen acquirers had negative cumulative returns five years after the acquisition – four acquirers failed within five years of the acquisition (Kaplan, 2000). In the case of BMI and Lufthansa the acquisition was not even able to take off the ground. There are two major problems and can be traced to a) a “put option” that came from a deal made ten years ago; and b) the global economic crisis that is affecting airlines around the world (Ebrahimi & Osborne, 2009). An option is the right and not the obligation to either buy or sell (Siegel, 1998). A “put option” on the other hand allows the holder of stock to sell it at a set price for predetermined period of time (Siegel, 1998). In the case of BMI, the majority owner Sir Michael Bishop was able to secure a deal ten years ago allowing him to have a “put option” for 50.1% of BMI shares. The decision to have a “put option” could have been easily reached ten years ago because of the level of revenue that BMI was enjoying. In order to understand the bargaining power of BMI, a look back at their productivity level a mere four years ago will reveal that BMI operates 1,700 flights a week to destinations across Europe (Clark, 2006). Aside from that it has a handful of intercontinental routes from Manchester (Clark, 2006). This allowed BMI to carry 10.5 million passengers in 2005 alone (Clark, 2006). It would be easy to be impressed with those numbers and therefore gave BMI the leverage to command a fair price for its shares at the time when the “put option” was made. Now, the underlying principle for a “put option” is “set price for a predetermined period” meaning the owner of stock has a guaranteed price even if the buyer sees that the market has declined. No one can claim clairvoyance when it comes to the stock market and those who entered into agreement with BMI allowing it to have a “put option” knows the risks and the rewards of such an arrangement. If the buyer can purchase the said share at a set price even if the value has gone up; that investor will make a great deal of money but if the same investor was forced to buy the same price when the value has gone down significantly then that will not be good for him or her. This is the root cause of the legal wrangling between BMI and Lufthansa. Lufthansa tried to extricate itself out of the deal by explaining to authorities that BMI is no longer a cash cow and its value has declined in recent years. This would not be fair for any buyer. Lufthansa made it very clear that it will not agree to the original price set by BMI a long time ago. In order to force Bishop to reconsider his demands, Lufthansa countered by saying that BMI had to infuse new capital in order to increase the value of the company so it can justify its price tag. Point of View of BMI One has to understand that Sir Michael Bishop had to protect what he believes to be rightfully his. In order to put it into perspective it has to be pointed out that Bishop started at the very bottom of the BMI corporate ladder. He started as a baggage handler at the age of 16 (Clark, 2006). After working hard for a very long time he became the managing director of BMI (Clark, 2006). Then by a stroke of genius he borrowed 1.8 million pounds from an American dentist in order to take control of the airline with two business partners (Clark, 2006). Three men began to build British Midland Airways into one of the most highly respected airline in the country. It all started with the BBW Partnership. It was an investment company that stands for Sir Michael Bishop, Stuart Balmforth, and John Wolfe. The trio took control of BMI when it was still known as the British Midland Airways, in 1978 (Clark, 2006). When the took over BMI they secured a 50.1% ownership of the airline. But John Wolfe and Stuart Balmforth served as minority partners. There are many who questioned the motive behind the swift consolidation of shares. But a spokesman of Bishop downplayed the event by saying that it was all done on friendly terms and added that, “Sir Michael wants to tidy up the shareholding situation and I suppose it’s also quite convenient for their own purposes to take the cash” (Clark, 2006). Irregardless of the real reason behind the quick change in the ownership structure of BMI, it is safe to say that after the deal, BMI immediately went under the control of one man. Afterwards, Bishop exercised his authority by forcing Lufthansa into a corner. With the decisive move to acquire the rest of the shares under the BBW Partnership and with Sir Michael as the sole owner of the said company, with 50.1% of the airline, Lufthansa had to respond to their challenge. The rest of the shares are held by Lufthansa and the Scandinavian airline SAS (Clark, 2006). This business relationship and the fact that Sir Michael Bishop has control can help explain why Sir Michael Bishop was able to secure the “put option”, the bone of contention in the 21 st century between Lufthansa and Bishop It would be impossible to go into the details of how shareholders and the part-owners of an airline go about their business. Suffice it to say that the “put option” when it was agreed upon ten years ago, it was a deal that seemed to be advantageous for all the major shareholders such as Lufthansa and SAS. From the point of view of Bishop and BMI it is a good deal because he is assured of getting a fair price up until 2009 if he so choose to sell. The only negative consequence of agreeing into a “put option” is the possibility that if BMI’s stock will soar ten years later, the BBW Partnership and Bishop will not be able to make more money out of it. From the point of view of Lufthansa ten years ago, the “put option” is also a good deal because if the German firm will decide to acquire it then it is only required to pay the set price as dictated by the “put option” rule. Still, it was very advantageous for Bishop because he can be assured that he will not lose money. The worst thing that can happen to him is not to be able to get a windfall in case the airline industry will experience a breakthrough and the value of its share skyrocket overnight. But on the other extreme, if the economy tumbles then Bishop is protected. Moreover, the “put option” is not an obligation to sell, therefore Bishop can delay as long as he wants and stretch the waiting period up to the last minute of the deadline. Bishop seems to have covered all the bases because he also had the right not to sell it. It has to be reiterated that when BMI agreed to the idea of a “put option” BMI and the rest of the airline industry could not foresee a future where low demand and high fuel prices can easily force airline companies to declare bankruptcy. A few decades ago the airline industry was booming. At the height of the airline boom in Europe and America, people were excited to travel. During that period in human history people had the ability to travel long distances and can even cross the Atlantic in relative comfort and speed. So it can be said that by agreeing to a set price, Bishop was limiting his capability to earn more. On the other hand if the price of the stock goes below the projected price then Bishop is still assured of a fair compensation for all his efforts the moment he decided to sell. This is a calculated risk for all parties involve. The price of the shares can go either way. If it goes up then the buyers will also be protected. Their bases are covered because they will not be caught by surprise the moment Bishop is ready to sell. In other words Lufthansa will know what is coming and so the corporate leaders as well as the shareholders will have plenty of time to make the right decision. Bishop is very well aware of the strategic importance of BMI. The said company controls 11 percent of the landing and take-off slots at London’s Heathrow airport (Ernstein, 2009). BMI is only second to British Airways which controls 44% of landing and take-off slots. Bishop knew that many airline companies would like that kind of resource that they can leverage in order to increase revenue. Bishop knew that Lufthansa and other airlines are salivating to acquire BMI because they have to deal with a perennial airport problem – congestion. Saturated airports are a recurrent problem that has to be dealt with in order to sustain a competitive advantage. An airliner that has the ability to lower its prices and offer hard-to-turn-down promos will see their competitive advantage go up in smoke because customers will be fuming mad if their flights are cancelled or delayed. It is common knowledge what delayed flights can do to the senses and how it can stress out a paying customer. If they can find a better airline, one that can assure them of timely flights then they will not hesitate to avail of their service even if it is slightly more expensive. The right to take off and landing slots at Heathrow is made more attractive from possible suitors because of a recent development. In 2008 the “Open Skies Agreement” will be in effect and this means that there will no longer be any restricted access from the United States to Heathrow and vice versa. This restriction came in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the limited access is presumably a security measure to monitor European travelers going to the U.S. mainland. Since the restriction will be lifted this will mean more airliners and more passengers will be passing through Heathrow. Any airline company who is committed to improving their service and brand name would love nothing more than having more access to more landing and take-off slots in the busiest airport in Europe (Ernstein, 2009). Sir Michael Bishop and BMI executives have an ace up their sleeves and they are willing to go to the trenches and fight for what to them is the right thing to do. With the “put option” as part of their arsenal BMI can go to war, so to speak, with Lufthansa and expect to come up on top. But there is a chink in their armor; the “put option” will expire after 2009. If they will fail to reach an agreement with Lufthansa or any other airline company then they too can expect to lose a ton of money. This problem has been dragging on since last quarter of 2008. So much has been wasted with unnecessary legal battles, when what is needed is to combine forces. BMI and Lufthansa must come to terms so that both firms can make more money. They can do better than when both companies are operating separately. The preceding discussion was all about protecting the interest of BMI and why they have a legal basis to bring Lufthansa to court. This time, there is a need to look at the issue from the business point of view and why Bishop has to let go of BMI. Based on the current state of the global economy and the rising fuel prices, BMI will be hard-pressed to earn money in 2009. Bishop and BMI are in a precarious situation because as of this moment there is nothing in sight that can assure their shareholders that the airline industry will suddenly turn around and experience once again the high-profit margin of yesteryears. In a very conservative estimation of where the industry is going it would be hard to be optimistic. In this regard Lufthansa can swoop in and pressure BMI to give in to their demands. In addition, BMI had no answer to the challenge of Lufthansa to infuse more capital into the embattled company. Bishop will have no way of producing that kind of money based on the financial loses the company had endured in recent years. This simply means that Bishop will be forced to accept a compromise deal. Point of View of Lufthansa A merger is not a guarantee for financial success. It has been made clear earlier how problems from personnel and operations can be a major stumbling block, preventing two companies to be merged as one. On the other hand there will come a time when there is no other choice but to consolidate by acquiring the competition. There is no sense going head-to-head with each other and in the process two companies will go down and lose everything. This is the reason why shareholders can easily agree to a takeover if this means that they can protect their investments. In the case of Lufthansa trying to acquire BMI they needed the slots controlled by the British Firm. They also needed the other things that BMI can offer such as their loyal customer base as well as their pilots, efficient staff and various types of resources ranging from aircraft to technicians who are already well-trained to handle major airports like London’s Heathrow airport. If Lufthansa has the resources to take over another company then there is no better choice than Bishop’s BMI. Aside from the fact that BMI has much to offer to Lufthansa, there is also the added incentive of having to only spend less because Lufthansa is already a part owner of BMI. By having 100% control of BMI, Lufthansa will be able to utilize its resources and then incorporate it to their existing operations. This is like having another set of arms to be able to accomplish another set of tasks but using only the same amount of effort. They can manage their resources and become even more cost-efficient as compared to the time when they were merely part owners and cannot dictate BMI to adjust to their needs. One hundred percent ownership of BMI also means that they can make use of an additional 11% of landing and take-off slots in one of the busiest airports in Europe and probably the world. By acquiring BMI, Lufthansa will be able to fully develop a system that will help them achieve competitive advantage over other airline companies in Europe. This deal will not be a walk in the park for Lufthansa. They have to be ready to go to war and then after winning it they have to take a long hard look at what they had achieved and then begin the long and arduous journey of merging two companies, using the best that BMI can offer and then discarding the rest. In these tough times Lufthansa can either increase their revenue and strengthen their position or become the laughingstock of the industry. There are many reasons why they must proceed with caution. Lufthansa need not look far in order to understand the kind of problems that they may face in the aftermath of acquiring BMI. In the beginning of 2007 cabin-crew employees at British Airways (“BA”) complained about pay and working conditions (Smith, 2007). This resulted in flight cancellations that cost BA $150 million. One hundred and fifty million dollars is not something that one can pick up in the streets. The company had to expend a great deal of resources in order to earn that kind of money and with just one episode of misunderstanding what could have been money in the bank was lost unceremoniously. Even if Lufthansa is committed to make things work for BMI employees there are still many obstacles ahead that needed to be cleared up before they can proceed. The first major roadblock is the “put option” that Bishop is dangling in court. Sir Bishop claims that he can force Lufthansa to buy the 50% plus one share stake of BMI to the German firm which is also another major owner of BMI. There is no need to go into the nuts and bolts of the airline business but suffice it to say that Bishop exercised the “put option” to ensure that he will not end up a loser. On the other hand Lufthansa agreed to the deal ten years ago knowing that BMI has something to offer major airlines raring to acquire it. But with the current global financial crisis and the reluctance of travelers to take on that much needed vacation and fly using services of BMI, tough times are ahead and this can affect the bargaining power of BMI. Even if Lufthansa can persuade Sir Michael to acquiesce they still have to make a lot of adjustments before they can say that the acquisition was a successful business move. Everyone, from employees to executives on both sides must be in agreement. Lufthansa can be easily dragged down with employee bickering and there could even be labor strikes that can be very counterproductive. If BMI employees cannot see that their lives are improving under new management they might resort to this kind of tactics. Lufthansa had to deal with these problems and not simply focus on making money. The company had to make a decision whether it is worth it to invest in BMI or not. Lufthansa had to take one step at a time on the other hand it must also be revealed that Lufthansa already made a commitment a long time ago that there is nothing as important as acquiring BMI. If this is not the case then why is it that Bishop was able to compel them to honor the agreement made ten years ago? Lufthansa is saying that it has no obligation to honor an agreement because the “item” sold to them is not what they have expected when they agree on purchasing it after a certain period of time. One way to understand the position of Lufthansa is from the point of view of a company who wanted to become a major player in the global airline industry. But it also be argued that Lufthansa’s back is against the wall so to speak. This is simply because Lufthansa is not an outsider looking in. Lufthansa is one of the major shareholders of BMI. It does not have control of the company but it is heavily invested into it. This means that Lufthansa will have to answer to its shareholders if ever the BMI deal is dead on the water or if BMI continues to lose moneya and the German firm cannot do anything about it. In other words if BMI will lose money then Lufthansa will also lose money. This acquisition is not only about making money in the long-term but it is also about saving money in the short-term. If one can see BMI as about to implode due to anemic performance in the past couple years then from this perspective one can also say that Lufthansa is now forced into a position where it must be save the ailing company from sinking even deeper. Lufthansa’s Move The first major move is to finalize an out-of-court settlement with Sir Michael and BMI. There is no sense in engaging with a protracted legal battle with Bishop. Based on information made available regarding “put option” and the strategic value of BMI there is no need to go into a lengthy court procedure to determine that Lufthansa is more than willing to buy BMI while on the other hand, it is in the best interest of Bishop to sell a wobbling company. Bishop does not have the clout and the market share of Lufthansa to re-engineer his company and make it one of the “big boys” in the European airline industry. He had to sell because the “put option” will expire soon and he could end up with nothing. Lufthansa must go to the authorities to make them understand that when the deal was made ten years ago, the status and profitability of BMI was never in doubt. In fact, based on old data they had nothing but praise for BMI and its potential to make more money for its shareholders. This is no longer true in 2009. Thus, Lufthansa can argue that since the value of BMI was radically altered then it follows that the German firm is no longer bound to any agreement made in the past. In order for the previous agreement to be enforced then both buyer and seller must be looking at the same product as it was offered ten years ago. It is like buying a car in advance. The seller has provided the specifications and what can be generally expected from the seller. In the case of BMI the product that was on sale was not really something as tangible as a car or a piece of equipment. It was a company whose value fluctuates on a daily basis. In other words BMI promised to deliver a particular “product” and now when the delivery date is near the buyer was surprised to find out that what will be delivered is something entirely different from what was agree upon years ago. Thus, Lufthansa must be released from a supposedly binding agreement. Anticipating the legal quagmire it has brought unto itself, Lufthansa must convince Bishop that they can both emerge winners by agreeing to a compromise. Time is of the essence and further delay will lead both companies to increasing pressure from their investors and various stakeholders. They have to act fast before other companies can crash into their party. Since Lufthansa is a part-owner of BMI it needed only to deal with the “put option” and the rest of the shares that it has to acquire to have 100 percent control. It must reduce the asking price of Sir Michael so that it will have enough cash reserves to buy every share of BMI in order to have full ownership and control. Lufthansa and Sir M. Bishop When Sir Michael and Lufthansa agreed on a compromise deal and an out-of-court settlement they were merely doing what is right. For both parties the bottom line is the most important and both are well aware that they needed to merge the two companies. It was all a matter of agreeing on the right price and when that was settled both parties were eager to sign on the dotted line. The much anticipated deal was formally announced by Lufthansa in June of 2009. Interestingly though, it is not the only announcement they made. The German airline company also confirmed that they are going to enter into a partnership with Brussels Airlines (Ernstein, 2009). This suggests that Lufthansa is not merely looking at acquiring BMI to strengthen their position in Europe but they are already thinking a few steps ahead in order to capitalize on their new acquisition. From different angles, BMI’s exclusive access to 11% of take-off and landing slots at Heathrow is a very important factor to be considered in order to understand the mindset of Lufthansa. Compromise is needed so both parties can move forward. There is no sense in waiting for the next best deal to come. Lufthansa will lose money in the long run while Bishop also cannot improve the efficiency of the company due to the lack of necessary funds for doing so. Bishop could not even afford the initial demand of Lufthansa that it should inject fresh capital into the ailing British airliner. Both parties were able to determine where the middle line is and the amount of money needed to transfer hands so that they can proceed to the next step of the process. Lufthansa knew early on that the legal battle is merely the beginning and that even if they already paid their dues they will still have to wait for all the necessary rules and regulations are followed and observed before the airline can be fully-owned by the German firm. There is therefore no time to lose and if the deal is expected to happen then there is no better time than today. In the said compromise deal Sir Michael agreed to let go of his “put option” and will no longer badger Lufthansa for paying him the exact amount stipulated on that deal. Bishop will not bother Lufthansa with his demand for a fresh infusion of capital to troubled BMI. For his troubles, Lufthansa paid him 175 million pounds (Ernstein, 2009). On top of that Lufthansa will acquire the entire stake held by Bishop for approximately 48 million pounds as of July 1, 2009 (Ernstein, 2009). This money is not something that can be taken lightly. With his fortune and the money he has made with the BMI deal, Sir Michael Bishop can easily acquire another small firm and turn it around just like what he did with British Midland Airways. Without a doubt the deal will create a ripple effect in the European Union and in the whole European airline industry. Lufthansa has never been a small player but with the acquisition of BMI the competitive advantage of the German firm has multiplied if one will consider two major factors. Firstly, Lufthansa was very aggressive in making it known that it will buyout SAS in order to have 100% ownership of BMI. Then afterwards it has also made known its intention to partner with Brussels Airlines. This means that whatever Lufthansa gained from buying up BMI can be multiplied because of its ability to cover more routes as well as access to one of the busiest airports in the world, London’s Heathrow. By having full control of BMI, this will enable Lufthansa full discretion on how to properly utilize the access to 11 percent of the landing and take-off slots at Heathrow airport. With its partnership with other airlines as well as other valuable acquisitions, Lufthansa can leverage the resources under its control so that it can become a more cost-efficient airline company. With the resources mentioned earlier it can be argued that Lufthansa will be able to deal with one of the perennial problems faced by major airlines traversing through very busy airports. Conclusion The legal wrangling between Lufthansa and BMI can be traced to a “put option” that both companies agreed upon ten years ago. The unique deal was made possible by two factors first, the long history of success of BMI as one of the major British airline company in Europe. Secondly, Lufthansa is also a major shareholder in BMI. When Sir Michael Bishop made a move to acquire control of BMI he exercised his right to sell the shares of BMI to Lufthansa. When the German firm balked then Bishop had no choice but to sue Lufthansa in order to protect his interest. But upon closer examination both companies cannot afford to engage in a protracted legal battle. The corporate leaders of both BMI and Lufthansa must answer to their investors and various stakeholders as to why they cannot reduce the amount of money lost on an annual basis. By acquiring BMI, both companies will strengthen their position. On the part of BMI it will be under the control of Lufthansa one of the most capable and respected airline company in the world. On the part of Lufthansa the acquisition of BMI is like acquiring an extra set of tools that can help in creating a more cost-efficient airline company. References Clark, Andrew. (2006) Bishop Strengthens his Grip on Wobbling BMI . Web. Ebrahimi, Helia & Alistair Osborne. (2009) BMI chairman Sir Michael Bishop goes to court to force Lufthansa to buy his stake . Web. Ernstein, Burt. Lufthansa Reach Deal with BMI’s Bishop. Web. Kaplan, Steven. (2000) Mergers and Productivity . IL: University of Chicago Press. Maxon, Terry. (2009) Lufthansa Works Deal to Eventually Acquire BMI. Web. Siegel, Joel. (1998) Schaum’s Quick Guide to Business Formulas . New York: McGraw-Hill. Smith, Adam. (2007) Cabin Pressure. Time. Web.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The achievement of happiness is a recurrent theme in the works of Albert Camus. The philosopher emphasized its importance from the perspective of the search for meaning and the necessity to refuse from it to become truly happy. In other words, inevitability is synonymous with happiness, and it is added to the idea of absurdity of life. In this case, the most prominent examples of novels presenting Camus' views on the subject are "The Myth of Sisyphus" and "The Stranger," and their main characters have a row of similarities in the way they are trying to find their paths. Therefore, the achievement of happiness by Meursault and Sisyphus implies the struggle, the loss of hope, and the subsequent acceptance of meaningless of life, and they pass through these stages in the specified order.

The achievement of happiness is a recurrent theme in the works of Albert Camus. The philosopher emphasized its importance from the perspective of the search for meaning and the necessity to refuse from it to become truly happy. In other words, inevitability is synonymous with happiness, and it is added to the idea of absurdity of life. In this case, the most prominent examples of novels presenting Camus' views on the subject are "The Myth of Sisyphus" and "The Stranger," and their main characters have a row of similarities in the way they are trying to find their paths. Therefore, the achievement of happiness by Meursault and Sisyphus implies the struggle, the loss of hope, and the subsequent acceptance of meaningless of life, and they pass through these stages in the specified order.

Albert Camus “The Myth of Sisyphus” and “The Stranger”: Meursault’s and Sisyphus’ Happiness Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Struggle on the Way to Happiness 3. The Loss of Hope 4. The Acceptance of Meaningless of Life 5. The Comparison of Happiness for Meursault and Sisyphus 6. Conclusion 7. Works Cited Introduction The achievement of happiness is a recurrent theme in the works of Albert Camus. The philosopher emphasized its importance from the perspective of the search for meaning and the necessity to refuse from it to become truly happy (Daniel). In other words, inevitability is synonymous with happiness, and it is added to the idea of absurdity of life (Daniel). In this case, the most prominent examples of novels presenting Camus’ views on the subject are “The Myth of Sisyphus” and “The Stranger,” and their main characters have a row of similarities in the way they are trying to find their paths. Therefore, the achievement of happiness by Meursault and Sisyphus implies the struggle, the loss of hope, and the subsequent acceptance of meaningless of life, and they pass through these stages in the specified order. The Struggle on the Way to Happiness The first character, Meursault, is a person who has little interest in his surroundings. Moreover, he is annoyed by the people he meets on his way, such as the talkative caretaker in the facility where his mother died (Camus, “The Stranger” 7). The first step to happiness, which is struggle, for him, is reflected in the failed attempts to understand others and socialize with people. It is explicitly seen not only in the occasional conversations as in the example above at his mother’s funeral but also in relationships. Thus, for instance, his girlfriend, Marie, is the initiator of their communication from the very beginning when she asks if Meursault wanted to marry her (Camus, “The Stranger” 41). Hence, his struggle is reflected by an apathetic attitude towards life due to inability to enjoy it. The second character, Sisyphus, in contrast to Meursault, experiences a struggle of a physical nature which has similar effects on him. In this way, Camus uses this Greek myth to underpin his theory regarding the need for a struggle on the way to happiness. From his point of view, the story of Sisyphus, who was punished by Gods and had to spend an eternity rolling a huge rock up the mountain, is another proof of it (Camus, “The Myth of Sisyphus” 107). In the narrative, he is an absurd hero who does not try to escape his fate. However, he does not attempt to change anything in his situation, either, and this fact adds to his resemblance to Meursault. The Loss of Hope The next step on the way to happiness is the loss of hope, and the experience of Meursault is the evidence of it. In continuation of the narrative, he befriends his neighbor, Raymond, known for his violent temper and occasionally beating his mistress (Camus, “The Stranger” 36). Meursault does not seem to care about him more than he cares about Marie. Nevertheless, their friendship was strengthened over the time they spent together. Consequently, it led to a turning point in the story, when Meursault shot the brother of Raymond’s mistress without any apparent reason for it (Camus, “The Stranger” 59). It indicated not only the end of the character’s peaceful life but also the end of the attempts to find his place in the world, and, therefore, the hope for it. In contrast to him, the loss of hope for Sisyphus happened when he was exhausted by his useless labor. This man’s story was defined more by the circumstances which he could not avoid rather than the overall apathy as in the case of Meursault. In his situation, the chances for success were near zero, and he could not find a source of hope in his life due to the lack of goals. In fact, his punishment was defined by the idea of Gods to put him in such hopeless conditions (Camus, “The Myth of Sisyphus” 107). In this way, their design eventually led to the expected outcome and deprived the hero of further motivation. The Acceptance of Meaningless of Life The final stage on the way to happiness is acceptance, and for Meursault, it happened when he was arrested and thrown into jail. The man demonstrated a lack of remorse for his crime as he showed no grief for his mother in the past (Camus, “The Stranger” 65). In this way, he started to accept life the way it was without questioning its twists and turns. However, it did not happen at once, but only when this absurd hero realized the inevitability of his execution (Camus, “The Stranger” 97). After the trials, the feeling of happiness flooded him on the way back to jail when he realized how much he loved the town and the summer night. The happiness in the case of Sisyphus also was achieved through acceptance. He eventually understood that his absurd struggle was the only life he had and, therefore, it should be seen in a more positive light (Camus, “The Myth of Sisyphus” 109). This perception came to him after a short period when he managed to escape from the underworld for an hour and compare his feelings while being in these two places (Camus, “The Myth of Sisyphus” 108). Nevertheless, as opposed to Meursault, Sisyphus found his happiness in the acceptance of not events but their consequences. In other words, happiness to him was synonymous with the acquired strength in the process of his work. The Comparison of Happiness for Meursault and Sisyphus The path to happiness for the characters had both similarities and differences. In the first stage, which was the continuous struggle, Meursault and Sisyphus put their efforts into the attempts to understand the meaning of life. However, the former’s difficulties in this situation were theoretical, whereas the latter experienced their physical manifestation (Camus, “The Stranger” 7; Camus, “The Myth of Sisyphus” 107). They were followed by the loss of hope when Meursault shot the man and Sisyphus tried to escape. The ultimate achievement of happiness for both of them happened when Meursault accepted his fate and Sisyphus started to value his acquired strength. The difference between their outcomes was in the perception of happiness, which for the former was the end of the inner fight, and for the latter, it was the change in attitude. Conclusion To summarize, the characters of Camus’ novels provide a perspective on the perception of happiness in the world which has no particular meaning for them. In this way, the philosopher demonstrated his personal views on the subject. He saw the necessity for one’s passing through certain stages which define what can make the person happy, and they usually led to similar results. Thus, the struggle, both physical and mental, the loss of hope, and the consequent acceptance of circumstances is the path which Meursault and Sisyphus took. In the end, each of them achieved happiness, and for the former, it was the acceptance of his fate, whereas, for the latter, it was the realization of his strength. Meanwhile, they both admitted the meaningless nature of life as it corresponded to the central idea of Camus. Works Cited Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus. Penguin Books, 1979. Camus, Albert. The Stranger. Random House, Inc., 1989. Daniel, Thomas Dylan. “Albert Camus on Happiness.” Medium, 2020.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The text discusses the role of personality type in the determination of behavior. It also talks about the importance of the personality trait approach in the understanding of behavior.

The text discusses the role of personality type in the determination of behavior. It also talks about the importance of the personality trait approach in the understanding of behavior.

Alcohol Abuse, Behaviour, and Types of Personalities Coursework Personality type is a process that assists in the determination of people’s behavior; it however assists in the classification of people into distinct category types. It can also refer to categorizing people into two categories either distinct or discontinuous. In most cases, a person is either one or the other. Personality type classification is useful since it assists in distinguishing a person’s personality type approach with the help of the personality trait approach which should be a continuous activity. Personality types can classify into different types and people show traits for different categories. In this light, we can analyze the different categories of people and the effect of their behavior in relation to their personalities. In the analyses, I shall use John Groover’s example who is an introvert and in using his experiences and incident I shall portray the difference between types and traits, putting into consideration the personality dimension. According to Berlin, I. (1953) personality type approach says you are either an introvert or an extravert or you can be a continuum ranging from introversion to extraversion. However, most people are found in the middle of certain traits but on the extreme levels of any trait. John Groover’ can also be said to be type F meaning he bases his decisions on his thoughts or his feelings. He can also be type A since he is work-holic, always busy, and self-driven. In relation to his behavior and personality, we can assess his alcoholic problem. His problem can be seen in his daily activities. Most of the days he feels negative after-effects of drinking alcohol but he is unaware that it’s a major problem that he should consider seeking assistance. His alcoholic problem began without as an innocent social activity becomes a habit, isolation, and boredom after working, he thought this was the best way to relax rather than associating with people. Later the habit gradually crosses over into physiological and psychological addiction causing frequent problems in his life. The signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse are easily identified in his actions, but others are more difficult to notice. Over time, heavy consumption of alcohol does extensive damage to almost every system in your body. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism have a major impact on society causing thousands of innocent deaths each year and exacerbating situations involving violent crimes and domestic violence. As Funder, D. C. (2001) Alcoholism affects brain chemistry which causes you to feel compelled to drink alcohol. Usually, you can only stop drinking if you receive continuing help and treatment. This shows that the problem showed be addressed immediately by counseling since it related to his personality. References Berlin, I. (1953). The Hedgehog and the Fox. New York, Simon & Schuster. Funder, D. C. (2001). The Personality Puzzle (2nd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. Ornstein, R. (1993). The Roots of the Self: Unraveling the mystery of who we are . New York: Harper Collins. Phares, J. E. (1991). Introduction to Personality (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: The essay discusses how people use algebraic equations when making buying decisions from day to day. It also talks about how the author's sister uses algebraic equations when making buying decisions and how the two compare when it comes to making purchases.

The essay discusses how people use algebraic equations when making buying decisions from day to day. It also talks about how the author's sister uses algebraic equations when making buying decisions and how the two compare when it comes to making purchases.

Algebraic Bases of Everyday Decisions Report On thinking about it, one realizes that we quite unconsciously use algebraic equations when making buying decisions from day to day. This is illustrated by the matter of determining value when scrutinizing prices at rival supermarkets. From where we live, we can readily drive to Wal-Mart, Walgreens, CVS and Eckerd easily. Since the latter are drug chains but Wal-Mart also stocks cold remedies, I wondered whether we were right to confine our cold remedy buying to the drug chains on the assumption that retail specialization would give better value to shoppers. Take Benadryl Allergy which comes in 100-capsule packs. The last time I checked, these retailed for $6.94 in Wal-Mart, $7.99 in Walgreens, $8.29 in CVS and $8.59 in Eckerd. Alright, so Wal-Mart has the cheapest price. That is only moderately surprising. But then I pose the question: if my sister went out to re-stock on her cosmetics and hygiene products, which she routinely does at Eckerd, is the price advantage at Wal-Mart enough to justify making the detour on the assumption that it applies to other health remedies our family buys regularly? I of course intuitively compute for the percentage difference between Wal-Mart and every other competitor using “Percent Savings = [(Rival X – Wal-Mart)/Rival Price] X 100.” Or, more symbolically, [(B-=A)/B] X 100. Now I learn that the biggest retailer in the country sells our favorite cold and allergy remedy 13%, 16% and 19% cheaper, respectively, than at Walgreens, CVS or Eckerd. So if I save as much as 20% on every one of five drugs we regularly buy and “total savings = $2.00 X five” = Discount = 0.20 (Quantity) is it worth the extra fuel cost to have to drive to Wal-Mart to take advantage of the savings? Now I solve for fuel cost as = miles travelled X (current retail price of gasoline/mileage of family car). Substituting the three-mile distance between Wal-Mart and the highest-priced competitor, gasoline at $1.50 to the gallon and our car’s published mileage of 15 miles to the gallon in city driving less a 15% factor for the age of the Chevy: Distance travelled X cost per mile D X (1.50/[original mileage – 15%]) =3 X (1.50/[15-15%]) = 3 X (1.50/12.75) = 3 X $0.12 = $ 0.36. This tells me that the value of making the extra trip to Wal-Mart = cost : benefit ratio = $0.36 to savings of $10.00. Clearly, it is worth it to patronize Wal-Mart for the given drugs. However, my sister disagrees because, being a working mother of three, she just does not have the time to make extra shopping trips. So in her case, the saving of $ 9.64 ($10 less $0.36) does not make up for the convenience of fitting more into her busy weekends by making all our health and beauty product shopping at Eckerd instead. Another practical lesson of this testing for value to shoppers is that, if I were to offer to do the shopping from a grocery list of hers and I noticed Benadryl as the day’s “hot buy” at $2.00 less and I happened to clip a coupon the day before for an additional $1 saving, I conclude I do not have to go to Wal-Mart any more.

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Write an essay about: In the essay, the author discusses how the Anunnaki theory has been authenticated with a new twist, and how this new information supports the idea that the Anunnaki were present on Earth in the past.The Anunnaki theory has been authenticated with a new twist, according to the author of this essay. This new information supports the idea that the Anunnaki were present on Earth in the past.

In the essay, the author discusses how the Anunnaki theory has been authenticated with a new twist, and how this new information supports the idea that the Anunnaki were present on Earth in the past. The Anunnaki theory has been authenticated with a new twist, according to the author of this essay. This new information supports the idea that the Anunnaki were present on Earth in the past.

“All Through Eternity” Poem by Rumi Research Paper All through eternity Beauty unveils His exquisite form in the solitude of nothingness; He holds a mirror to His Face and beholds His own beauty. he is the knower and the known, the seer and the seen; No eye but His own has ever looked upon this Universe. His every quality finds an expression: Eternity becomes the verdant field of Time and Space; Love, the life-giving garden of this world. Every branch and leaf and fruit Reveals an aspect of His perfection- They cypress give hint of His majesty, The rose gives tidings of His beauty. Whenever Beauty looks, Love is also there; Whenever beauty shows a rosy cheek Love lights Her fire from that flame. When beauty dwells in the dark folds of night Love comes and finds a heart entangled in tresses. Beauty and Love are as body and soul. Beauty is the mine, Love is the diamond. They have together since the beginning of time- Side by side, step by step. In all Rumi’s poems, we can see that he is an excellent mystic. “All through Eternity” creates a wonderful interpretation of God, of his beauty being infinitely echoed. Rumi considers all types of feelings as a derivative of the Supreme love. The beauty of love is the central point of this work. While reading this poem the reader can feel the deepest tranquility. For the whole period of his existence, Rumi has been trying to understand the meaning of life and shared his ideas through poetry. The Persian poet inspired millions of artists all over the world, his poems are still considered important and ingenious. The whole life and work of Rumi were devoted to love; he taught that it is love that unites people of all races, religions, and cultures. He always believed that even the Devil himself can fall in love and lose all the evil inside. According to Lee Briccetti, executive director of Poets House, Rumi’s poems “articulate what it feels like to be alive. And they help us understand our search for love and the ecstatic in the coil of daily life.” (GokTurk, 2018, p.181). Rumi’s works are based on traditions of Islam, but he managed to find many global concepts of human life. The poet’s works show ways to reach inner peace and harmony, stop hatred, and lead happy lives. These are the main reasons why Rumi’s words are still echoing all over the world as he invokes the most basic human feelings that make people think of love and push artists into creating new masterpieces. To conclude, it can be noted that many scholars compare Rumi to Shakespeare as their works are considered to be timeless. The Persian poet was a great mystic, a philosopher, and a scholar, whose thoughts remain relevant even in the XXI century. His ideas are still popular among people all over the world as they are based on love, the foundational principle of life. Reference GokTurk, S. (2018). Anunnaki theory authenticated with a new twist: Historical evidence of Anunnaki presence . Cosmo Publishing

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Write a essay that could've provided the following summary: Clinical trials attempt an objective search for truth or to get as close to the truth to provide evidence on a particular objective of investigation. However, elements of human behavior tend to introduce subjective bias, thereby diluting the veracity of such findings. Two elements of the research design that aim at reducing the influence of subjective bias on the results of the clinical study are randomization and allocation concealment.

Clinical trials attempt an objective search for truth or to get as close to the truth to provide evidence on a particular objective of investigation. However, elements of human behavior tend to introduce subjective bias, thereby diluting the veracity of such findings. Two elements of the research design that aim at reducing the influence of subjective bias on the results of the clinical study are randomization and allocation concealment.

Allocation Concealment in Randomised Trials Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Randomization and Allocation Concealment 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Clinical trials attempt an objective search for truth or to get as close to the truth to provide evidence on a particular objective of investigation. However, elements of human behavior tend to introduce subjective bias, thereby diluting the veracity of such findings (Day & Altman, 2000). Randomization and allocation concealment are two elements of the research design that aim at reducing the influence of subjective bias on the results of the clinical study (Schultz & Grimes, 2002). Randomization and Allocation Concealment Randomization has become a popular method of limiting subjective bias of the participants or subjects in a clinical trial. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement also recommends its use in clinical trials (Campbell, Elbourne & Altman, 2004). Randomization consists of allocating the subjects at random to the different intervention groups, such that the subjects are unaware of which group they belong to. According to Simon, 2001, p. 146, randomization involves “a series of random numbers for assigning patients in a pattern that is inherently unpredictable”. However randomization by itself is insufficient to remove subjective bias and there is the need for proper allocation concealment. Allocation concealment refers to the concealment of the technique used for implementing the sequence of allocation and not the sequence used to generate it. Failure to have adequate randomization and allotment concealment could lead to exaggerated results in the clinical study (Schultz & Grimes, 2002). However randomization and allocation concealment do get subverted in clinical trials for logical reasons and also because of human nature of the clinicians involved in the clinical trials. For ethical reasons it may not possible to use randomization in the case of some clinical trials, like clinical trials on smoking or HIV/AIDS. Instead the study may involve the study of the group as a whole or on the basis of observation or historical basis. The initial likely phase of subversion in randomization is in the selection of volunteers and the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Physicians may choose volunteers that are likely to influence the study in the direction that they would like it to flow. Clinical studies involve volunteers and when studying a group of volunteers randomly assigned, there is the possibility of the volunteer group varying from the average general population and thereby reducing the validity of the clinical. In such clinical trials randomization may be avoided and the clinical trial conducted on observations or historical evidence off the general population. Subversion of randomization deliberately occurs when there are drop outs or non-compliers in the different subject groups, wherein such volunteers impact upon the treatment assignment by withdrawing themselves from the study or not complying with the treatment protocol assigned. Such drop-outs and non-compliers dilute the findings of the clinical study (Simon, 2001). There are two other factors consisting of the human nature of clinicians that are likely to subvert randomization and allocation concealment. Clinicians are naturally curious and are uncomfortable randomizations conceals information that they would like to have. The second aspect is the challenge that this lack of knowledge poses to them and hence their efforts to subvert randomization and allocation concealment. Irrespective of whether their intentions are innocent or malicious, the end result is that it may affect the validity of the study (Schultz & Grimes, 2002). Conclusion Randomization and allocation concealment are two attempts at reducing subjective bias in clinical trials. Randomization cannot be used in all clinical trials. Furthermore either inadvertently or deliberately clinicians themselves reduce the effectiveness of these measures in reducing subjective bias References Campbell, M. K., Elbourne, D. R. & Altman, D. J. 2004, ‘CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials’, BMJ , vol.328, pp.702-708. Day, S. J. & Altman, D.J. 2000, ‘Blinding in clinical trials and other studies’, BMJ , vol.321, pp.504. Simon, S. D. 2001, ‘Is the Randomized Clinical Andrology Lab Corner Trial the Gold Standard of Research?’ Journal of Andrology , vol.22, no.6, pp.146-154. Schultz, K. F. & Grimes, D. A. 2002, ‘Allocation concealment in randomised trials: defending against deciphering’, Lancet , vol.359, pp.614-618.

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Write an essay about: Ways of promotion include advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion. Ways of promotion include advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion.

Ways of promotion include advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion. Ways of promotion include advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion.

Almarai Company: Promotion of a New Flavor of Juice Essay Table of Contents 1. Ways of promotion 2. Advertising 3. Public relations 4. Personal selling 5. Direct marketing 6. Sales promotion 7. References Ways of promotion Almarai specializes in the production and distribution of a wide range of food and beverages. The company offers a broad choice of juices (Almarai, n.d.). Still, currently, the set of the provided flavors of juice are relatively limited and, therefore, the introduction of a new flavor will benefit the company. In the current presentation, I will focus on how to promote the newly introduced juice flavor. The strategies to be discussed include advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion. Advertising Advertising is the most apparent means of promotion of almost any product. Acting on behalf of a marketing manager, I recommend focusing not only on creating TV adverts but also on the launching of advertisement campaigns on the Internet and social media. The study conducted by Belanche, Cenjor, and Pérez-Rueda (2019) reveals that millennials are particularly susceptible to adverts that they see in Instagram Stories. Besides, Instagram is also a platform for native ads from famous bloggers. The generation of their parents prefers Facebook to Instagram and, hence, it essential to make them see adverts for a new flavor of juice on this social network. Finally, it would also be a beneficial idea to use PPC advertising on websites. Public relations Public relations is a critical component of the promotion strategy of any product of any organization. In order to keep a good public of the entire company and promote a new flavor of juice, it could be suggested for Almarai to establish a partnership with some charity organizations. During the events held by these organizations, Almarai could place its juices so that the audience could drink them. This way, people will remember that Almarais beverages are connected with something decent and nice. This, in turn, leads to the fact that in the shop, the costumers are more likely to prefer Almarais juices to ones of other firms because of the awareness about the relation of Almarai to charity organizations. Personal selling From one point of view, it seems that personal selling is inapplicable to promoting food and beverages. That is because the concept of personal selling implies that the process of communication between a salesperson and a potential customer (Cant and Van Heerden, 2005). In this process, a salesperson’s critical task is to identify the needs of a customer and show how a product could satisfy these needs. In the case of promotion of a new flavor of juice, Almarai could install several point-of-purchase (POP) displays or organize degustation in the shopping malls. This way, a salesperson could easily communicate with people who enter a shop and persuade them to buy a new product. Direct marketing The concept of direct marketing implies that a product is sold directly to the public via online and TV advertisements, flyers, articles in newspapers and magazines, messages and calls, and promo actions. The main task of direct marketing is to interact with potential customers and attract their attention to a new product. Almarai could launch a promo action in a supermarket so that a person who purchases any two products of Almarai receives a package of a juice with a new flavor for free. Degustation and coupons also seem to be a promising way to familiarize people with a new product. Emails, phone calls, messages are not useful in promotion of a new beverage because people usually ignore them. Sales promotion Sales promotion is the last marketing strategy to be discussed in this presentation. The goal of sales promotion is to increase customers demand for a good. The cross-national research conducted by Fam et al. (2019) reveals that customers, most of all, like discounts and coupons. In this regard, it is recommended to Almarai to perform promo actions using discounts and coupons. More precisely, the company could sell a package of new juice at lower prices during the first two weeks after the product is launched. This will heat the interest of the public to a new flavor of juice and make people willing to buy it while its price is lower than after the end of a promo action. References Almarai (n.d.). Juices . Belanche, D., Cenjor, I., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2019). Instagram Stories versus Facebook Wall: an advertising effectiveness analysis. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC . Cant, M. C., & Van Heerden, C. H. (2005). Personal selling . Juta and Company Ltd. Fam, K. S. et al. (2019). Consumer attitude towards sales promotion techniques: a multi-country study. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics .

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Provide the full text for the following summary: Alzheimer's Disease: Key Aspects is an essay that discusses the key aspects of Alzheimer's disease, including its symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and current treatments.

Alzheimer's Disease: Key Aspects is an essay that discusses the key aspects of Alzheimer's disease, including its symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and current treatments.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Key Aspects Essay One of the widespread health issues capable of affecting anyone during late adulthood is Alzheimer’s disease. According to the textbook, it “accounts for 60 to 80 percent of all neurocognitive disorders” and results in irreparable brain and memory damage (Kraynok et al., 2017, p. 601). Although there are still no medications allowing to prevent the disease, understanding its first symptoms, distinguishing them from normal age-related changes, and finding the right treatments is crucial for the overall well-being. Therefore, on June 20, the Alzheimer’s Association holds “The Longest Day,” encouraging people to “stand up to the darkness of Alzheimer’s through an activity of their choice” (Kean, 2020). This event constitutes part of a broader campaign, which includes fundraising, information support, and promotion of specialized care for everybody suffering from the disease.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The United States in Early Nineteenth Century EssayThe United States' political, military, and socio-economic landscape was shaped by revolutionary changes during the early nineteenth century. The period of Thomas Jefferson addressed the issue of North African Barbary coast piracy and British impressment resulting in the Embargo Act of 1807 (Gunn 22). Jefferson also allowed the Louisiana Purchase, following which the United States' government strived to control North America through diplomatic efforts and exploration.

The United States in Early Nineteenth Century Essay The United States' political, military, and socio-economic landscape was shaped by revolutionary changes during the early nineteenth century. The period of Thomas Jefferson addressed the issue of North African Barbary coast piracy and British impressment resulting in the Embargo Act of 1807 (Gunn 22). Jefferson also allowed the Louisiana Purchase, following which the United States' government strived to control North America through diplomatic efforts and exploration.

America in Early Nineteenth Century Essay The United States’ political, military, and socio-economic landscape was shaped by revolutionary changes during the early nineteenth century. The period of Thomas Jefferson addressed the issue of North African Barbary coast piracy and British impressment resulting in the Embargo Act of 1807 (Gunn 22). Furthermore, the Supreme Court determined the importance of the judiciary in interpreting the Constitution and affirmed that federal statutes took precedence over state legislation. Jefferson also allowed the Louisiana Purchase, following which the United States’ government strived to control North America through diplomatic efforts and exploration. Moreover, this era defined the United States’ shift to participatory democracy achieved through the expansion of suffrage, allowing all white men to vote instead of landowners only. Economically, entrepreneurs created a market revolution in both production and commerce. As the manufacturing of goods became more predictable and organized, the market relationships between consumers and producers prevailed. The textile machinery, the telegraph, and agricultural creations increased the efficiency of production methods. Moreover, judicial order and legislation supported the infrastructural development of roads, railroads, and buildings, which enlarged the markets, especially in the North and Midwest. Likewise, the expanding Southern cotton production and the related banking and shipping industries steered national and global ties. Culturally, a lot of international immigrants settled in the industrializing northern states. Prosperity and living standards increased for some people; an expansive middle class emerged with a handful of wealthy elite (Gunn 30). Family and gender roles focused on defining new domestic ideals, emphasizing the need to separate public and private aspects. As such, the industrial revolution and the infrastructural development changed the market in commerce and production. Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States, is remembered for his unique style of leadership. Unlike his six predecessors, Jackson distinguished himself not by appointing a legislative program but by undermining one. During his eight years in office, Congress only ratified one primary legislation, the Indian Removal Act, which affected the Native American population. By forging direct connections with the voters, the president strengthened his position against Congress. He cast himself as the people’s tribune, reversing the norm of executive reverence to legislative domination. Additionally, he attained national recognition for his impeccable action in the War of 1812 (Nathans 60). Identifying with the average person, the era of Jackson is referred to as Jacksonian democracy. It defined the age of a political shift towards better democracy for the proletariat, for which Jackson championed (Nichter 7). His Democratic Party amassed followers, rivaling Clay’s anti-Jacksonian factions, which later arose as the Whigs. Through his special accomplishments, including the passing of the Indian Removal Act, the uncharacteristic antagonism of Congress, and the introduction of Jacksonian democracy, Andrew Jackson created a rare presidential legacy. The United States elections in 1924 marked the Monroe government’s end and the start of a new era. Uniquely, four candidates were running for the presidency: John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and William Crawford. Whereas these candidates differed ideologically, they were all running as Democratic-Republicans. Most people regarded President Madison’s Secretary of Treasury, William Crawford, as a suitable replacement. Quincy Adams was highly famous in the Northern states besides being the son of a former president (Nichter 9). The western states preferred Clay because he championed the American System. The 1924 USA elections were unique because of the high number of candidates and the fact that all of them were Democratic-Republicans. On the contrary, Jackson represented the Southern states where he was popular for his heroism against the British in the War of 1812. All the candidates earned a double-digit percentage of both popular and electoral votes and failed to reach the constitutional majority, making the election a draw. Resorting to the 12th Amendment, the House of Representatives chose Adams. The Jacksonians, thus, accused the Adams administration of a ‘corrupt bargain’ for their coalition with Clay (Nichter 10). There is little resemblance to Biden-Trump wars currently ongoing since the former achieved the constitutional threshold for both electoral and popular vote. Works Cited Gunn, Ray. The Decline of Authority: Public Economic Policy and Political Development in New York State, 1800-1860 . Cornell UP, 2019. Nathans, Sydney. Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy . John Hopkins UP, 2019. Nichter, Caren. Andrew Jackson and the Rise of the Democratic Party . The U of Tennessee P, 2018.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: The American efforts in the Mexican-American War were two offensives led by Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, both of whom were Whigs and had exceptional determination to achieve the goals.The American efforts in the Mexican-American War were two offensives led by Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, both of whom were Whigs and had exceptional determination to achieve the goals.

The American efforts in the Mexican-American War were two offensives led by Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, both of whom were Whigs and had exceptional determination to achieve the goals. The American efforts in the Mexican-American War were two offensives led by Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, both of whom were Whigs and had exceptional determination to achieve the goals.

American Efforts in Mexican-American War Essay The Mexican-American War is a significant event in US history, being the first armed conflict fought mainly in a foreign country, which inadvertently prepared the American side for a civil confrontation. Many efforts were put into achieving victory, and a number of striking personalities revealed themselves throughout the war’s course. Some of them would become the key players in the country’s politics. This essay will describe the American efforts in the war through two offensives and highlight two contrasting figures among the participants. Two of the main campaigns were in the north and the center of Mexico. Zachary Taylor led the Northern one, and his achievements included an attack of Monterrey and Saltillo (Guardino 140; 146). The campaign was successful, as the US eventually gained control over the territory, although the forces were exhausted (Guardino 150). The Central campaign started a year later, in 1847, and had Winfield Scott at the forefront (Guardino 144). The American government believed that only invading the very center of Mexico, including the capital, would force the enemy to surrender (Guardino 144). Scott did not betray the expectations placed on him and conquered Mexico City after many grueling battles with diminished forces (Guardino 285). Thus, the described campaigns contributed considerably to the overall US victory. The war saw the emergence of such figures as Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, who happened to lead the previously mentioned campaigns. Their personalities especially shine in contrast, as the former aspired to become a president and did not fulfill his ambition, while the latter eventually gained the post without striving for it. Taylor had unconventional and merciful thinking but did his job as appropriately as possible. Meanwhile, Scott was a model soldier with a reputation of being fussy, but it allowed him to become a war hero (Corbert et al. para 14). What united both was their party affiliation with Whigs and an exceptional determination to achieve the goals. Although Scott assumed that whoever conquered Mexico City would win the presidency, Taylor happened to be the choice (Corbert et al. para 14). Perhaps, the country wanted someone with less conventional thinking, closer to the people, and prepared for new challenges, such as the freshly experienced war. Works Cited Corbert, P. Scott, et al. “11.4. The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848.” OpenStax . Guardino, Peter. The Dead March: A History of the Mexican-American War . Harvard University Press, 2017.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: American Imperialism: Past or Present?The sequence of historical events, including the conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War, raised the question of American imperialism, taking into consideration the rapid growth of the country. The key element here is that during the period of quick expansion, the US not just took possession of the continent's territory but did it by force.

American Imperialism: Past or Present? The sequence of historical events, including the conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War, raised the question of American imperialism, taking into consideration the rapid growth of the country. The key element here is that during the period of quick expansion, the US not just took possession of the continent's territory but did it by force.

American Imperialism: Past or Present? Essay (Critical Writing) The sequence of historical events, including the conflicts with Native Americans, the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War, raised the question of American imperialism, taking into consideration the rapid growth of the country. Talking about the second half of the 19th century, it is hard to disagree that the US became a vast Empire. The key element here is that during the period of quick expansion, the US not just took possession of the continent’s territory but did it by force. Taking land from Mexico and Native Americans should be considered an imperial acts. These were decisions caused mostly by the will to expand. The movement West was not only the act of discovery but also the act of violent intervention which made local communities suffer significantly. Nowadays, it is rather hard to call the US an empire in a direct sense. Many previously repressed nations have gained their freedom and sovereignty, like the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico. However, throughout the 20th and 21st century the US global policy had various imperialistic features. They include the involvement in local conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq, which many people cannot describe as peaceful. Moreover, there are many followers of the idea, that right now the American culture is the dominant one and it strongly affects the minor cultures, sometimes appropriating them. The term empire states that there is a supreme side and the subordinate one. This may lead to the abuse of authority, which sometimes sets aside the principles of democracy. Democratic relationships might be only equal and based on mutual respect.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The text discusses the constitutional rights of Americans living abroad. It notes that the Fourteens Amendment of Constitution protects all people who were born or naturalized in the United States of America, no matter whether they live in the country or behind its boards. The text also notes that the Bill of Rights protects all Americans, including those who live abroad, from unauthorized actions in their houses, papers and effects.

The text discusses the constitutional rights of Americans living abroad. It notes that the Fourteens Amendment of Constitution protects all people who were born or naturalized in the United States of America, no matter whether they live in the country or behind its boards. The text also notes that the Bill of Rights protects all Americans, including those who live abroad, from unauthorized actions in their houses, papers and effects.

American’s Constitutional Rights Report Security abroad is very important in political, economical and social aspects. The modern world is the world of terrorism and American government cares greatly about its citizens, who live or work abroad. The Constitution of the United States of America in this or that way protects people from the hazards which may appear abroad. Almost every country has the American embassy, where abused person may turn for help to the ambassador. Moreover, the obligation of the embassy is to follow the problems of the Americans who live in hostile country and to provide all possible help. American embassy is also responsible for the American citizens protection and promotion of “American business interests throughout the world” (Carland & Gihring, 2003) Consular officers, in Foreign Service officers, are responsible for the life and health of the American citizens who go to other countries of the world with the aim of traveling, living or working. Consular officers are provide the most important role in the state, monitoring. This work is provided through the following of the emigration, the close work with foreign ministers and the government institutions of other countries. The Fourteens Amendment of Constitution protects all people who were born or naturalized in the United States of America, no matter whether they live in the country or behind its boards. The first section of the Fourteens Amendment of constitution says that.No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (United States Constitution, 2009). It is important that this amendment protects not only those people who live in the country, but also those who left native land with different aims, such as living, traveling or working, and continues to be the representative of American nation. “The Bill of Rights” is the other disputing point, as there is an opinion that it protects only people, who live on the territory of the United States of America, but from the point of view of the Fourteens Amendment of American constitution, ALL people who are Americans are protected by the law, so American people who live abroad are also protected from unauthorized actions in their persons houses, papers and effects. Moreover, these people are protected from unreasonable searchers and seizures, as even staying abroad they remain to be the representatives of American nation (Bill of Rights, 2009). Americans, living abroad, have the opportunity to protect themselves or at least to help the American government to provide protection. The arrests in any country are kept all the time and the American embassy is unable to follow all the arrest cases all over the world. So, if the American person in the hostile country was arrested, he/she has the right to have a phone call, and this call must be to the local embassy. The ambassador is the person who will connect to the police department and the court trial should be sent to the native land, where it has to take place, as American people have to be judges by American laws. Reference List Bill of Rights. (2009). United States Constitution . Web. Carland, M. P. & Gihring, L. A. (2003). Careers in international affairs . Georgetown University Press, Georgetown. United States Constitution . (2009). Amendment XIV . Web.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The text discusses an artist-entrepreneur's lean startup case study and how it can be applied to the creation and sale of art objects.The text discusses an artist-entrepreneur's lean startup case study and how it can be applied to the creation and sale of art objects.

The text discusses an artist-entrepreneur's lean startup case study and how it can be applied to the creation and sale of art objects. The text discusses an artist-entrepreneur's lean startup case study and how it can be applied to the creation and sale of art objects.

An Artist-Entrepreneur’s Lean Startup Case Study Drawing up a business model related to the creation and sale of art objects is a somewhat risky and challenging undertaking. Unlike the release of any general consumer goods, painting is not a constant, continuous process. This type of activity does not produce basic necessities, which means that demand is not guaranteed. Therefore, in the case of Sikander, the first key factor in ensuring the success of her project’s business model is having a stable customer base. This element is vital as it is the basis of the first stage of the business project. To move forward, gain an audience and notoriety, Sikander needs to sell enough work through the University and her website. Subscribers can also be considered as an alternative to having direct buyers. To reach her audience, Sikander must either develop a campaign to attract attention to her work or gain support for them. These factors are the main ones since the further development of the entire project depends on them. In part, these problems are solved because the artist has already earned a name for herself by participating in various kinds of exhibitions and teaching. The Lean Startup is the ideal model for approaching an artist’s business on multiple factors. This concept is characterized by a scientific approach to management, which allows you to engage in project work. This approach is combined with a different kind of experiment, iterative release of goods, and customer feedback. All the qualities described are suitable for the artistic direction chosen by Sikander due to its specificity. Firstly, drawing is always a kind of experiment, and in most cases, the final result is not fully known. Secondly, the paintings are released with a rather long interval between them, in cases of traditional art. Finally, feedback from clients, and in this case, viewers, is an integral part of an artist’s life. If the creator does not have an audience, they cannot fully develop and move on. Therefore, using this approach, Sikander will be able to design their drawings to suit the largest possible audience, thereby getting the most out of their business project.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: The paper discusses the importance of development methodologies in relevance to the developing technological advancement. It further defines the contents of the paper in determining to answers the usefulness of agile method in commanding software development in the future.

The paper discusses the importance of development methodologies in relevance to the developing technological advancement. It further defines the contents of the paper in determining to answers the usefulness of agile method in commanding software development in the future.

Analysis of a Development Method Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Body 3. Conclusions 4. Bibliography Introduction The paper defines the importance of the development methodologies in relevance to the developing technological advancement. It further defines the contents of the paper in determining to answers the usefulness of agile method in commanding software development in the future. Body It goes in depth in analyzing and discussing the usefulness of agile method in relation to waterfall in terms of structured and iterative method. It explores the strengths and weaknesses that are posed by agile which include flexibility, teamwork and quality of the product. It shows weakness such as poor documentation, management of the team and specific timeline of the project in relation to benefits and limitations that are associated with other development methodologies. Conclusions It answers the question that was posed. Agile methodology is a smaller chance of becoming dominant in the field of software development. This is because there are different requirements of different projects. Software development is an important component in today technological advancement. Software development ensures that the right software is development for specific task and need. Thus, software development may bring into consideration new development, re-use, research and maintenance. In the development of software, many approaches are used in developing the right software. It brings into consideration development methodologies that ensure that the right procedure is followed in developing the software. Some of the development methodologies take a developed structure or engineering-based approach while others feature incremental approach in the development of the software. The aim of this paper is to analyze agile methodology in relation to other development methodologies. The paper takes into account the responsibilities, roles and benefits that characterize development methodologies. It develops the characteristics of development methodologies in relation to the applicability, benefits and limitations that are attributed to the agile methods. This structure ensures that the superiority and adaptability of the agile methods is analyzed in determining whether it will become the core development methodology (Ambler, 2002). Development methodology is guideline that is used in the development of information systems and brings into consideration plan, structure and process control during the development and application of the software system. Various development methodologies are in place with each having its benefits and limitations (Jones, & Liberty, 2004). Some examples of these development methodologies are the waterfall approach, structured approach, object oriented approach and interactive approach. A single development methodology is not suitable for all the projects; hence the various development methodologies. Thus, each of the development methodologies are suited to specific projects that are based on the organizational, technical, team and project considerations during its lifecycle (Larman, 2004). Organizations that develop software claims that methodology that they use is unique and better when compared to other methodologies. Moreover, academics and software tool companies upraise their methodology basing on low cost, high quality and the fast development of the software. For example, the waterfall approach utilizes a structured progression through well defined phases. This means that each phase has a set of duties and deliverables that have to be accomplished with different people before the commencement of the project. Hence, each phase requires specific people to accomplish the activities and deliverables. On the perspective of agile method, it emphasises on highly skilled team that ensures specific duties or prototype is accomplished. Agile method main aim is the actual working of the software and any essential documentation at the end of the project. Thus, the proponents of a particular development methodology support its unique importance and advantages. Waterfall approach and other traditional methods proponents argue that to accomplish successfully a project a structured approach is necessary. This means that the separation of the stages that are followed in developing software – programming, implementation, planning, testing are crucial in controlling work efficiency, cost and final quality work. Various perspectives such as the agile method and Rapid Application Development (RAD), which bases their methodologies on iterative techniques, have challenged this perspective. The main difference between the traditional methodologies e.g. waterfall and the iterative approach e.g. agile approach revolves around the design that is prototyping and minimalist structure. Proponents of agile method view that there is no sense spending a lot of time on analysis and design since it is counter-productive because a lot of time is used to collect information that forms a small fraction of the entire project objective. Iterative methodology approach allows an overview of the actual project even though they have small information that allows for the actual architect of the software. Thus, the specific skills that each member of the team has are maximized in analysing and designing the project. Most of the traditional approach to the development of the software e.g. waterfall approach structures the entire project into phases, with each phase having specific emphasis. Waterfall approach has five unique phases: requirements of the project, analysis and design of the project, actual programming or prototyping, testing of the project and implementation and maintenance of the final project. Each phase has specific people working on the project. The agile approach has minimal structure and supported by highly skilled teams. In most cases, agile method tends to lack design or testing of the project, however, the approach emphasis on them differently. Agile method team members are briefed on the requirements of the project with each team been required to accomplish a certain task. Its approach to working is not based on phases as seen from the perspective of the waterfall approach. Rather, agile method emphases on working prototypes that are analyzed by Subject Matter Experts (SME) and if the aim of the team is accomplished the final project is released. This means that agile methods lie in the aspect of adaptive rather than the predictive continuum approach (Sommerville 2007). The adaptive approach to the development of software through the perspective of agile method is that it is ready to encompass changing requirements of the project. The adaptive nature is the foundation of the team that works on the project. The adaptive nature of the team means that any changes that the project should be incorporated and factored every time it calls. This means that the team knows what happens next week rather than a month to come. This is because the team operates in terms of weeks in developing the project. For example, an adaptive team can report easily and exactly what tasks are been planned for the following week while asked about the next month, they can vaguely describe it and they many provide just the features that are planned for that time (Bassetti & Veerapillai, 2004). This perspective differs with the predictive method that is utilized by waterfall approach and other methods that operate on structure. This means that predictive method ensure that the future is fully defined in terms of details that the project should go through. Thus, a team that operates in terms of predictive method can detail what occurs in the entire period of development of the final project. Hence, predictive method has a specific destination and any changes that may occur during the development results in adversely affecting the project and may change the plan and focus of the project in terms of initial instructions and cost. In most projects that operates around structured method includes a change control board that determines only the valuable changes that should be incorporated. Various agile methods employ the incremental and iterative methods that emphasises on developing realisable software within a short period in terms of time. Thus, the main difference between the agile method and other iterative methods is that the timeframe is in terms of weeks rather than the common month timeframe. Moreover, agile method supports a highly collaborate approach to any project that they are supposed to accomplish. This means that the time period that is used by the agile methods is strictly referred to as timebox (Sommerville 2007). Waterfall method operates in a way that is inflexible in terms of division of the project in terms stages, which means that commitments are developed early during the development of the project, which results in difficulty in incorporating any changes. Thus, from this view, iterations are costly. It is also costly if the initial requirements of the project are not fully defined and understood by the developers. This criterion differs with the approach that is incorporated by agile method because the features that are in the project are developed and tested at a given time interval. The core usability of the agile method is in the business world. This means that the workable piece is delivered, which allows for improvement and the addition of other functionality details through out the development of the project (Bassetti & Veerapillai, 2004). Critics continually criticize this aspect of development that is associated with the agile method due to believe that sponsors requirements in terms of budget and timeline is not fully defined. However, when the criticism that is associated with Scrum method, the evidence of usefulness of the agile method is clearly seen. Agile methods allow the project to continuously be improved due to the changing requirements. Thus, the uniqueness of agile method to other development methodologies is the way that they develop iterations, collaboration, teamwork and adaptability to the development of the project is utilized. This enables rapid feedback from the users of the software. The small workable prototypes allow addressing evolving requirements and design flaws that may be discovered when the development of the project continues. Thus, it is easy to include new functionality at the various stages that the project evolves. It allows for higher motivation and greater productivity because team members are not changed and work throughout the project together. This aspect is different from other methods such as the waterfall, structured and object oriented. Moreover, since the same people are working on the same project, it reduces the chances that knowledge and information may be lost between the stages or phases. These unique features make it different from other methods that are used to develop software such as the waterfall and object oriented. For example, waterfall approach lacks flexibility since it is hard to incorporated changes that may occur during the development of the project. There is lack of cohesion between the team members because the project is developed in terms of phases. Moreover, the final project may be of poor quality because of lost knowledge between the phases and different people who are involved resulting in difficult in detecting and correcting designing flaws that are likely to be discovered during the testing phase (Batra & Valacich, 2004). The use of agile methods in the development of software causes some misunderstandings because it is difficult in coordinating larger teams. Moreover, the fluid nature of the project may not be properly managed resulting in never ending software or project. This means that it is difficult in determining and planning the budget and the time that the project will be completed. Nevertheless, every project requires documentation, which agile method cannot fully document resulting in difficulty during maintenance and usage. These shortcomings are managed easily by the use of structured development style, which is evident in waterfall, object oriented and structured development of the software. Structured method allows ease in analyzing any probable changes of the development. It is easy to coordinate and manage large teams, which are diversely distributed. Hence, it allows the management of the time and budget requirements. Development methodologies is an important aspect is success of software development. From the discussion, it is evident that no specific methodology is superior to others. This means that replacement of agile method in the development of software industry is not that easy. This is because there are weaknesses and strengths that are associated with each methodology, which agile method is inclusive. Hence, there is no methodology that can be used as a substitute during the development of the software. This means that, for example, the agile method is better when it is used in new concepts with few requirements that are required to develop a complex project. The waterfall method and other structured approaches are usually useful on those areas that modifications are required or development of large projects. This is usually possible when there is the proof-of concept of the specific established prototype. Thus, because of the difference in requirements of different projects means that development methodology applied should be precisely determined. For example, agile method and waterfall approach may be used to develop the same project resulting in hybrid approach. This means that agile teams may employ the waterfall model in parts in each iteration and then compile the iterations. Bibliography Ambler, S. (2002) Agile Modelling: Effective Practices for XP and UP . New York: Wiley Publishers. Batra, D. & Valacich, S. (2004) Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design . New York: Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers. Bassetti, C. & Veerapillai, G. (2004) Software Testing and Continuous Quality Improvement . Chicago: CRC Press. Larman, C. (2004) Agile and Iterative Development: A Manager’s Guide . New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. Jones, B. & Liberty, J. (2004) Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days . New York: Sams Publishers. Sommerville, I. (2007) 4.1.1 Waterfall Model: Software Engineering , 8 th Ed. Harlow: Addison Wesley.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: The analysis of advanced practice nursing research paper discusses the importance of having a code of practice and conduct in the care of gerontological patients by nurses. The paper also discusses the expectations of GNP/APNPs in education during care both long-term and short-term.

The analysis of advanced practice nursing research paper discusses the importance of having a code of practice and conduct in the care of gerontological patients by nurses. The paper also discusses the expectations of GNP/APNPs in education during care both long-term and short-term.

Analysis of Advanced Practice Nursing Research Paper Gerontological nurses are expected to cater for an age group that forms the greater number of patients in the hospitals. For example, those with 65 years and older represent about 38% of those admitted in hospitals. In addition, many may be found with complexities of illnesses they have been treated more than once (DeFrances & Hall, 2007; (Mezey, Quinlan, Fairchild, & Vezina, 2006; cited in Certification Tool Kit). It is therefore needful that there be a code of practice and conduct in their care by the gerontological nurses. The ICN code of ethics for example requires nurses be guided by four principles which are included in four elements namely; nurses and people which requires that during practice, the nurses to respect and consider the individual’s religious beliefs, family and community. In addition, the patient should ensure that the individual is furnished with information that would guide him in deciding on the care to receive, refusal or acceptance. Nurses and people; nurses are expected to conduct themselves in a manner that reflect the profession and does not lead to poor public confidence In addition, the nurse should have personal responsibility and accountability during practice, and ensure that usage of technology and material does not violate any person. Nurses and the profession; the nurse is bestowed upon the mandate to find out and implement the acceptable standards of clinical practice, and contributes in developing of working conditions that are equitable, safe, economical and socially sound. Nurses and core-workers; the nurse should collaborate with other professionals, protect and safeguard all people in the face of any danger ( The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2006 ). GNP/APNPs perform an important part in educating during care both long-term and short-term. This is achieved through performing their nursing roles in the community. In long-term care, they are expected to furnish the individual with the information that will help them choose or reject the care and the accompanying treatments. They are expected to furnish the patient with adequate information about the correct usage of drugs and practice what is required of them. This must require that the nurses be qualified and certified to be able to act professionally, and that it would be possible for the regulation of the profession (AACN Position Statement, 1998). In addition, such professionals are expected to update the individuals together with their families with adequate relevant information about the care, or the part they would play in helping the individual. The nurses would also be expected to provide the updates of the aforementioned information. The nurses would be expected to develop a framework for disseminating their services together with the individual or the family, and thus it would be appropriate for them to make sure that best alternatives for care and treatment are chosen, since the family or individual may not be well versed. The nurse practitioner is expected to link the hospital and the individual as concerning care and the progress since an individual nurse may be assigned specific duties. In planning the discharge for the older adults, the practitioners need know the individuals situation in terms of the illness, treatment accompanying the care and treatment position. This is to determine the requirements of the patient or aged after discharge. In consideration of the fact that long-term illnesses may re-occur, practitioners need access the possibility that this is taken care of. In addition, it would be necessary to determine the ability for progression of care in the next stage after discharge. The opinion of the individual should also be put into consideration in developing the discharge plan. The practitioners would require accessing the current needs, determining the appropriate course of action or make appropriate recommendations for future appropriate care which would be necessary to device the discharge plan. Development of the standards for practice may be necessary to define the uniqueness and scope of the practice, and for purposes of evaluation of the practice, for example in the Canadian case. The nurses may be required to participate in a survey to this development such as the members of Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association. Other means may include conferencing, contributions through writing and workshop or other types of discussions. A Standards Taskforce which made recommendations to development of the standards was formulated for the aforementioned case, the latter produced a draft for the standards, which was later developed. Protocols would be developed in consideration of the environment involved while the patient is interacting with the gerontological practitioner. Such environments include risk of the older person, morbidity, their normalcy, or crisis. The interaction may also be influenced by cultural settings, politics, and social settings. These protocols would involve; developing assessments; planning with considerations of options, strategies and interventions; agreed interventions and; evaluation of the interventions (GGNA, 1996). Practitioners may also be involved in partnership with organizations such as Evercare which may expand the scope of the gerontological care and experience. ( University of North Carolina at Greensboro and Penn State , 2006) In the interdisciplinary health committees, the practitioner performs screening assessment and passes information about the health to the locals. These interdisciplinary health committees may be geared towards carrying out research. The practitioner as a member will be required to manage health conditions in addition to conducting, supervising and interpreting the studies on diagnosis and this management. They are also involved in teaching and counseling and prescribing therapies (ECFMG, 2008). References AACN Position Statement. Certification and Regulation of Advanced Practice Nurse. 1998. Web. Certification Tool Kit. A Guide to Promoting Gerontological Nursing Certification in a Health System. Web. CGNA. Standards of Practice: Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association. 1996. Web. ECFMG. Interdisciplinary Health Care Team. 2008. Web. The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses. 2006. Web. University of North Carolina at Greensboro and Penn State Team Up at AACN’s 2006 Master’s Conference to Share Lessons Learned/Knowledge Gleaned. Web.

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Write a essay that could've provided the following summary: The pros and cons of low carb and high-fat diets are discussed. It is concluded that low carb and high-fat diets are not truly feasible because they can have adverse effects on the health of a person.

The pros and cons of low carb and high-fat diets are discussed. It is concluded that low carb and high-fat diets are not truly feasible because they can have adverse effects on the health of a person.

Analysis of Low Carb and High-Fat Diets Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Low carbohydrate diets 3. High Fat Diets 4. Health risks of Low Carbohydrate & High Fat Diets 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Some diets have been created and adopted by people over the centuries. For example there is the Mediterranean diet originating from the locals of the Mediterranean Basin, the Optimal Diet originating from Poland, the South Beach diet which was initially meant to help reduce heart disease, and numerous other diets. In the following paragraphs, the pros and cons of the Low Carbohydrate and High Fat diets will be shed light upon and an inference will be drawn as to whether or not Low Carbohydrate & High Fat Diets are truly feasible or not. Before adopting a diet and deciding upon adapting one’s lifestyle in accordance to a specific diet, it is necessary to evaluate the amount of commitment that one is willing to give to the diet. For instance, bringing down food consumption level altogether can have adverse effects on the health of a person. Therefore, current eating habits should be precisely measured and the new diet should be steadily integrated into the day to day activities. Low carbohydrate diets Low carbohydrate diets are designed to limit the consumption of carbohydrates by the body. A low carbohydrate diet is usually adopted when a reduction in body weight is desired or in cases where a medical complication renders the body incapable of digesting complex carbohydrates. High carbohydrate levels can be found in edibles such as butter, sugar and potatoes. One of the principal purposes of a low carbohydrate diet is to regulate the blood sugar level of the body. This is why doctors around the world recommend low carbohydrate diets to all of their Diabetes patients. This particular diet is administered by instigating a sharp decrease in the consumption of carbohydrates, causing the body to enter a state of metabolism commonly referred to as ketosis. In ketosis, the body functions by using the fuel that it attains from burning up the fat already present in the body (Web MD, 2008). This process causes a reduction in the fat stores of the body. Of course, food consumption is carefully monitored during a low carbohydrate diet and consumption volume varies from person to person depending upon their body mass index and the level of insulin in their body. High Fat Diets A high fat diet is often observed to attain a relief from obesity. Also, a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet is often combined to form a particular diet referred to as a Ketogenic Diet. The Ketogenic Diet is more than often used while treating patients who have epilepsy and with children suffering from epilepsy in particular. This particular diet is designed to function in a manner that puts the subject through partial starvation. A High fat diet has come under so much research and study that German doctors have considered using it as a tool to fight cancer (Friebe, 2007). Scientific evidence over the decades has pointed towards a direct proportionality between the variance of people diagnosed with cancer and people who exercise the high fat diets. Because of their intense requirement upon the body, it is usually observed that high fat diets are generally adopted more readily in colder regions as compared to regions with tropical climate conditions. Also, high fat diets are commonly adopted by some people engaged in activities involving a lot of physical exertion to increase stamina (Kolasinski, 2007). Yet the authenticity of whether or not a High Fat Diet is effective for such individuals remains undetermined and research continues. Health risks of Low Carbohydrate & High Fat Diets Low carbohydrate diets discourage the consumption of carbohydrate rich food items while encouraging protein rich food items. For the same reason, experts argue that a low carbohydrate diet is not as effective as it is suggested to be because if the ultimate objective is that of reduction of fat, then a more appropriate way is to avoid consumption of carbohydrate rich food items once the required insulin level of the body has been attained (Collins, A., 2007). Low carbohydrate diets are often criticized to be too much protein reliant and fiber deficient in their content. People consuming High fat diets are observed to be more vulnerable to the side effects of stress (Science Daily, 2007). High fat diets are also held responsible for the development of cancer, responsible for strain on the kidneys and even found to be responsible for strokes in some cases as well. Low Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets are generally observed to cause the body to undergo drastic weight loss. However the debate of whether or not High-fat and Low-carbohydrate diets are good for the health of a person in the overall impact that they have is still roaring and studies continue to establish if High-fat and Low-Carbohydrate diets are as effective as they are claimed to be. Conclusion Low Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets have an extensive following, but the question of whether or not their benefits outweigh their side effects remains a controversial question and one that is still asks for further study and research. For the time being however, it is safe to conclude that these diets have their positive effects only as long as they are carefully monitored and not overdone. References Collins, A. (2007). Low Carb Diet Dangers, Health Risks . Web. Friebe, R. (2007). Can a High Fat Diet Beat Cancer . Web. Kolasinski, S. (2007). FIT – News & Events . Web. Science Daily. (2007). A Steady, High-fat Diet Is Bad, But The News Gets Worse . Web. Web MD. (2008). What are high-protein and low-carb diets ? Web.

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Provide a essay that could have been the input for the following summary: The War on Drugs vs. the Opioid Crisis is an essay by Quintrione Dunlap that discusses the position of his thesis statement, the importance of incorporating an interview, and the incorporation of block quote. The author has also discussed his conclusion and why it is effective.

The War on Drugs vs. the Opioid Crisis is an essay by Quintrione Dunlap that discusses the position of his thesis statement, the importance of incorporating an interview, and the incorporation of block quote. The author has also discussed his conclusion and why it is effective.

Analysis of Quintroine Dunlap’s Essay Essay Table of Contents 1. Position of the Thesis Statement 2. Importance of Incorporating an Interview 3. Incorporation of Block Quote 4. Comments on the Conclusion 5. Works Cited Position of the Thesis Statement In the essay titled “The War on Drugs vs. the Opioid Crisis,” Quintrione Dunlap has placed his thesis statement in the last sentence of the second paragraph. The thesis statement states, “The victims of the opioid crisis are being treated better than past victims of the war on drugs because of the demographics that it affects” (Dunlap 383). His decision was informed by the need to create a strong background for the thesis statement, which could not be captured in a single introductory paragraph. Ostensibly, the essay does not include a counterargument, but the author still conveys his argument succinctly. Importance of Incorporating an Interview The incorporation of an interview in scholarly writing serves as the basis of credibility, as they are a primary source of information. Dunlap weaves interviews responses to the essay to show the Americans’ perspectives on the authorities’ responses to the opioid crisis, although he opts to conceal the interviewees’ identities. As in the case of Dunlap’s work, it is apparent that the use of interviews in essays is recommended, as it makes the argument stronger and the work more credible. Incorporation of Block Quote Dunlap has incorporated two long quotes in the essay to support his argument. Long quotes, also called block quotes, are introduced on an independent line, detached from the main text, entirely indented as a block by ½ inch, and citation added at the end of the verbatim (Harris 56). The quotes support Dunlap’s arguments in the two subsequent paragraphs by showing what authorities and Americans think about the opinion crisis. Comments on the Conclusion Dunlap’s conclusion is effective because the author has reiterated his main argument and included supporting points, although he has incorporated new information in it. It would have been much better had he used a signal phrase to mark the start of the concluding paragraph. However, anyone reading the conclusion easily understands the author’s message without necessarily reading the entire text. Works Cited Dunlap, Quintrione. “The War on Drugs vs the Opioid Crisis.” 29 March 2017. Sharon Sellers First-Year Writing Award for 1102, pp. 383-389. Harris, Robert A. Using Sources Effectively: Strengthening Your Writing and Avoiding Plagiarism . Taylor & Francis, 2017.

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Write the original essay for the following summary: The brain – is wider than the sky by Emily Dickinson at first glance is relatively simple but explores many significant topics, which are much expressed by the use of similes and metaphors. In particular, these themes include human experience, nature, and God. All of it is woven together to show the wonder and importance of the human mind.

The brain – is wider than the sky by Emily Dickinson at first glance is relatively simple but explores many significant topics, which are much expressed by the use of similes and metaphors. In particular, these themes include human experience, nature, and God. All of it is woven together to show the wonder and importance of the human mind.

Analysis of ”The Brain – Is Wider Than the Sky” by Emily Dickinson Essay The brain – is wider than the sky by Emily Dickinson at first glance is relatively simple but explores many significant topics, which are much expressed by the use of similes and metaphors. In particular, these themes include human experience, nature, and God. All of it is woven together to show the wonder and importance of the human mind. Throughout three stanzas of the poem, Dickinson makes three comparisons of the human brain to the outside world. The first stanza is devoted to comparing the former with the sky: “The Brain – is wider than the Sky “(Dickinson, 2004). The author says that there are no boundaries for the human mind, unlike the sky, and it includes the whole universe: “For – put them side by side – The one the other will contain” (Dickinson, 2004). This metaphor conveys to the reader that a person has unlimited possibilities to explore the world around him. Simultaneously, the second stanza compares the brain to the sea: “The Brain is deeper than the sea” (Dickinson, 2004). It also allows the author to transfer the idea of the superiority of human reason. Apart from collating the brain to the sea, Dickinson also uses a metaphor comparing the former to a sponge: “The one the other will absorb – As sponges – Buckets – do “(Dickinson, 2004). Thus, the author says that as sponges can take water from a bucket, the brain can contain infinite amounts of different information. Finally, the third stanza is the most difficult in the poem. The author makes a double comparison in it: “The Brain is just the weight of God -… And they will differ – if they do – As Syllable from Sound “(Dickinson, 2004). Dickinson says that the distinction between the human mind and God’s energy will be analogous to the difference between sound and syllable. To summarize, it is impossible to overestimate the significance of the similes and metaphors Dickinson uses to convey people’s enormous capabilities and their minds, which everyone should remember and appreciate. Reference List Dickinson, E. (2004) The brain — is wider than the sky .

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Write the original essay for the following summary: The US Patriot Act is a law that gives US special services carte blanche for shadowing the private life of Americans in the context of their protection against terrorism. In essence, the US faces a dilemma of exclusive importance. Whether the volume of a civil freedom will all the same correspond to the constitution, or the total control of the authorities in the country of the mind conditions of the Americans will remain in whatever place they reside.

The US Patriot Act is a law that gives US special services carte blanche for shadowing the private life of Americans in the context of their protection against terrorism. In essence, the US faces a dilemma of exclusive importance. Whether the volume of a civil freedom will all the same correspond to the constitution, or the total control of the authorities in the country of the mind conditions of the Americans will remain in whatever place they reside.

Analysis of US Patriot Act From a Civil Point of View Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Patriot Act – Between Positive and Negative 3. Personal Opinion 4. References Introduction The enthusiasm of US administration for supervision of the human rights situation in other countries, obvious under annual reports of State department on this theme, outlines to what degree some samples of its lawmaking are controversial to democracy. This subject concerns US Patriot Act – a law given to US special services carte blanche for shadowing the private life of Americans in the context of their protection against terrorism. In essence, the US faces a dilemma of exclusive importance. Whether the volume of a civil freedom will all the same correspond to the constitution, or the total control of the authorities in the country of the mind conditions of the Americans will remain in whatever place they reside. This paper analyzes the US Patriot Act in terms of advantages and disadvantages divided between security and civil and constitutional rights. The Patriot Act – Between Positive and Negative As previously stated the main range of the advantages and disadvantages of the US Patriot Act lies within the problems of security, which have been found after the 11/09 attack, and the infringement of the rights of US residents resulting from implementing security measures. Assessing the positive consequences of the US Patriot Act, the following main outlines might be considered: * The Act patched the security gaps which were existent before 11/09 attack. Despite the criticism of the measures taken through the Patriot Act, it should be admitted that 11/09 attack unveiled the breach in security that allowed such attack to take place. The attack in many ways made a massive impact, where “For millions of Americans, it portended a grim new world order for the days ahead, where even the most secure society might be penetrated and devastated by a small band of determined zealots.” (Abdolian & Takooshian, 2003) * The Act in a particular way proved to be effective. The starting point of the Act was the 11/09 terrorist attack which required an immediate and effective reaction. In the issue of the effectiveness, as of 2005, “Since its enactment, 395 people have been charged with terrorism related crimes, leading to over 212 convictions.” (Ryan, 2005) * The Act improved the existent security practices. This point is similar to the first one; except that it is aimed to point out that the main sections of criticism in the Act were not newly introduced. For instance, searches without prior notice “have been standard law enforcement practice for years.” (Ryan, 2005) Addressing the issues of criticism or the disadvantages of the Patriot Act, the following outlines might be considered: * The loss of liberty, a disadvantage that outlines that a fulfilling neutral position in the procedures listed in the Act has not been reached between security and personal freedom, where “civil libertarians, libertarians, and many others have raised concerns that the nations involved are sacrificing their liberty to enhance their safety.” (Etzioni, 2004, p. 9) * The denial of refugee protection. The US has provided a great help to the refugees who escaped the regime of dictatorial movements. However, the USA Patriot Act has raised ‘the bar’ in which many refugees has been denied access to asylum in the United States. A point of controversy occurs in the sense that “for many of these persons, the very circumstances that form the basis of their refugee or asylum claim—well-founded fear of persecution—are now grounds for inadmissibility to the U.S” (Campbell, 2007, p. 1) * Different agencies authorities and possibilities for misuse. The Act made amendments FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) in a way that open whole areas for misuse by state agencies. These areas include cover situations such as permitting “unprecedented sharing of sensitive information across several independent agencies, including the FBI, CIA, INS, and other state and federal agencies” (Abdolian & Takooshian, 2003), and creating ‘nonresident alien loophole’ – a situation “When the government for whatever reason cannot meet the minimum requirements for targeting a United States person under FISA, it is free to obtain FISA surveillance authorization on a nonresident alien – perhaps someone close to the desired United States person – under greatly reduced standards, and all incidental incriminating evidence obtained against the desired United States person is admissible as secret evidence in a criminal prosecution against the desired United States person.” (Hund, 2007, p. 171) Personal Opinion The model of public safety implemented by the Patriot Act can be analyzed based on the specific timeline in which it was judged. For instance, right after the terrorist attack on 11/09 it seemed more or less comprehensible. However, after a couple of years when the revenge emotions passed, liberal America is revolted by the aggressive position of the executive power. Thus, the Patriot Act, which is an amendment of the previous law procedures itself, should be accordingly revised to establish a new balance, where the security and the safety would be just as important as the main Constitutional rights such as liberty and privacy. References Abdolian, L. F., & Takooshian, H. (2003). The USA PATRIOT Act: Civil Liberties, the Media, and Public Opinion. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 30(4), 1429+. Campbell, E. (Writer) (2007). The PATRIOT Act’s Terrible Toll: Refugee Victims of the War on Terror [Article], Conference Papers — American Sociological Association : American Sociological Association. Etzioni, A. (2004). How Patriotic Is the Patriot Act? Freedom versus Security in the Age of Terrorism. New York: Routledge. Hund, B. (2007). Disappearing Safeguards: FISA Nonresident Alien “Loophole” is Unconstitutional. CARDOZO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW, 15 (1), 169-222. Ryan, K. V. (2005). PATRIOT Act Has Major Advantages, Web.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: The essay discusses the poem "A Blessing" by James Wright and how it can be interpreted as featuring several primary messages. These messages include the human quest for harmony with nature, the symbolic boundary of barbed wire, and the superior lifeform in a redesigned or consummated world.

The essay discusses the poem "A Blessing" by James Wright and how it can be interpreted as featuring several primary messages. These messages include the human quest for harmony with nature, the symbolic boundary of barbed wire, and the superior lifeform in a redesigned or consummated world.

Analysis of Wright’s Poem: “A Blessing” Essay Loneliness is the leading emotion in Wright’s poem, “A Blessing,” as can be deduced from the speaker and ponies’ feelings towards each other. The poet depicts the two horses as experiencing seclusion because they have been isolated from humankind. Essentially, Wright uses the horses to impart solitude in his audience by noting, “There is no loneliness like theirs” (line 12). A critical review of the poet’s attachment and concern about the horses’ condition reveals that Wright might have been talking about his own desire for human companionship. “A Blessing” seems prosaic from a quick glance, although a critical review reveals a scant use of poetic devices, such as imagery and paradox. The poem abounds in a clever use of creative figures of speech to create succinct mental images of the scenes depicted by the writer. In essence, Wright has used similes, such as “shyly as wet swans” (line 11) and “delicate as the skin over a girl’s wrist” (line 21) to prompt the audience’s perspectives of the scenes. Further, the poet uses paradox in line four, which reads, “Darken with kindness,” denoting the prevailing mood. Hence, the writer uses imagery to create scenes and advance the solitude emotion. “A Blessing” is a 24-line free-version poem in which Wright does not use a formal or strict rhyme pattern. Rather, the poet uses a non-metrical scheme characterized by incidents of half-rhyme phrases, which give the poem a unique sound flow. Examples of the words used to create the sound pattern include “softly forth” and the “e” sound in “shyly” and loneliness in lines two, eleven, and twelve, respectively. Besides, the poem features a consistent use of active verbs and repetitions, such as the use of the word “they” from line nine to twelve, giving the literary work a consistent sound pattern. Wright’s poem could be interpreted as featuring several primary messages, as it is a literary work, which could be understood differently from diverse perspectives. In essence, the poem is centered on the human quest for harmony with nature. The writer must cross the symbolic boundary of barbed wire to reunite with the natural environment represented by the two Indian ponies. Notably, the encounter is so sensuous that the speaker wants to embrace the horses in his arms, prompting his speculations of a superior lifeform in a redesigned or consummated world. Work Cited Wright, James. “A Blessing.” Holt, Rinehart and Winston , 1982, pp. 242-243.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: The work of Jean-Francois Millet is made in the style of classical realism, as evidenced by utilizing artistic expression characteristic of the direction, such as the plot and the manner of execution. The painting's overall mood is conveyed through the use of colors and the position of the characters during prayer.

The work of Jean-Francois Millet is made in the style of classical realism, as evidenced by utilizing artistic expression characteristic of the direction, such as the plot and the manner of execution. The painting's overall mood is conveyed through the use of colors and the position of the characters during prayer.

Angelus – The painting by Jean-François Millet Essay The painting by Jean-François Millet Angelus depicts a peasant with his wife bowing in evening prayer in the field. In the foreground, there is a field under the setting sun. The sky shimmers with bright colors, against which the village church’s outlines are visible in the distance. The sounds of bells from afar call the couple to prayer. The man has stopped working, and with his head down, he is holding a hat in his hands. Despite the outward rudeness and simple clothes, devoid of grace, his face expresses sincere faith. The woman’s hands are also folded in front of her chest; in her bent figure, it is difficult to read the facial features, partly hidden by the headdress. The subtle palette includes softly balanced reddish browns, grays, blues, blues, and purples. Dark figures with bowed heads enhance the overall epic sound. The author demonstrates genuine emotions in his work: despite the picture’s seemingly neutral plot, human figures indicate deep sorrow. The characters’ feelings are noticeable through the positions that their bodies take during prayer, which, combined with the color palette, creates a sense of the reality of what is happening. Despite the fact that this work was commissioned by the American artist Thomas Appleton, it is difficult to argue that it was done solely for commercial reasons (Dees, 2017). The heroes’ silhouettes express depression and grief, which can be evidence of the artist’s inner experiences. The artwork’s initial plot was probably changed due to the artist’s desire to make the work more neutral, making it easier to sell it. The work is named after the first words of a Christian prayer recited by Catholics three times a day – “Angelus Domini.” For a long time, scientists could not deduce the connection between the heroes’ grieving figures and the work’s plot. However, at the request of Salvador Dali, the French Louvre made an X-ray scan of the painting, which revealed another layer (De Burca, 2018). It turns out that initially, instead of a basket of potatoes, over which the peasants were bending, a tiny coffin was drawn. The picture was probably conceived as a plot about a small child’s funeral, whom they did not even have time to baptize, and there was no place for him in a Christian cemetery. This is what explains such sadness of the characters and the general suppressed mood of the picture. The warm colors used in the sky are a symbol of God’s presence: He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds (Psalm 147: 3). The new interpretation of the work allows concluding the artist’s religiosity and desire to convey the sorrow and compassion that represent the features of the entire Christian culture and the Bible. The work of Jean-Francois Millet is made in the style of classical realism, as evidenced by utilizing artistic expression characteristic of the direction, such as the plot and the manner of execution. The painting’s overall mood is conveyed through the color palette and the position of the characters’ figures. The viewer feels the tragedy of what is happening, although outwardly, nothing expresses adverse events, which confirms the artist’s skill. Jean-Francois Millet found his calling in the depiction of pictures of rural life. He painted peasants with depth and penetration, reminiscent of religious images. Namely his unusual manner brought him the recognition he deserved. Like Van Gogh and Gauguin, Millet was looking for the ideal of a patriarchal world in peasant life. Millet was more of a humanist than a political artist; in this respect, he was very different, for example, from the frankly leftist artist Gustave Courbet, whose work was overtly political in nature. However, Millet shared with Courbet the desire to honor the memory of the working people of France and his paintings give their lives a new monumentality. For him, the peasantry and the countryside were part of a timeless rural world and a unique part of France’s heritage. They were also closest to nature and, therefore, to God. To sum up, the painting by Jean-Francois Millet demonstrated genuine sorrow and compassion by depicting the pair of peasants in the field. The actual plot was hidden for commercial reasons, but it is impossible to say that this picture was made without passion and the artist’s spiritual contribution. Angelus is an example of classical realism and expresses the creator’s inner feelings through the depicted characters. References De Burca, J. (2018). Salvador Dalí at Home . White Lion Publishing. Dees, J. (2017). Praying the Angelus: Find Joy, Peace, and Purpose in Everyday Life . Ave Maria Press.

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Write a essay that could've provided the following summary: The essay discusses the challenge of nurse retention in the US healthcare system and proposes a plan to improve retention in a psychiatric hospital.

The essay discusses the challenge of nurse retention in the US healthcare system and proposes a plan to improve retention in a psychiatric hospital.

Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center’s Nurse Retention Essay Abstract Nurse retention is a significant challenge to the US healthcare industry. Hospitals are under-equipped with nurses, missing a good portion of their vacancies due to increasing demand and low retention of employees. Approximately 35% of new nurses drop out of the profession during their first two years of service. Some of the major reasons for high-turnover rates in AMRTC include poor safety, low salaries, and static schedules. In order to improve retention in the psychiatric hospital, the proposed plan includes improving nurse safety by implementing a 3-colored code of danger for risk assessment, a buddy system for nurses, and emotional therapy after verbal assaults. Other solutions include general payment increases and loyalty programs, as well as the introduction of flexible schedules, allowing the employees to vary between 8 and 12 hours when necessary. Introduction Background The US healthcare system has been known for its chronic shortage of nurses. As it stands, the country has over 3.9 million nurses and midwives employed in the hospital system, which constitutes 13.5% of all nurses in the world (Haddad, Annamaraju, & Toney-Butler, 2020). At the same time, the country is already facing a crisis, with nearly all hospital systems experiencing a shortage of personnel between 5%-25% (Haddad et al., 2020). Reasons for nurse shortages are multiple, with the primary cause for alarm being the increasingly aging population. By 2029, the last of the Baby Boomers will reach retirement, increasing the aged population in the US from 41 million in 2011 to 71 million in 2029 – a dramatic increase of 73% (Haddad et al., 2020). At the same time, the current nurse shortage is estimated at approximately 180,000 individuals, which would only increase as older nurses retire and newer ones are not trained or kept fast enough to replace them (Haddad et al., 2020). Nurse retention plays an important part in contributing to the ongoing shortage of employees in the US healthcare system. It is stated that the majority of hospitals suffer from a high turnover rate, ranging between 8.8% to 37%, with the highest turnover rates being found in psychiatry, emergency medicine, resuscitation, and other acute care settings (Haddad et al., 2020). Approximately 35% of all newly-graduated nurses are said to leave the profession within the first two years of employment, unable to cope with various difficulties that surround them (Haddad et al., 2020). Common contributing factors to the problem include poor schedules, overworking, low compensation, lack of proper communication and leadership, as well as a lack of retention-focused programs for stress relief. Violence against nurses has also been a significant issue that undermined retention, especially in psychiatric settings (Haddad et al., 2020). Problem Statement The problem addressed in this project is nurse retention in Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center. The populations affected by low nurse retention numbers in the area include the nursing population of AMRTC, its current patient population, and the surrounding communities of Anoka, Dakota, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne, Washington, and Carver counties (Minnesota Department of Health Services (MDHS), 2020). As it stands, AMRTC experiences critical nurse shortages, operating at about 55% capacity, servicing 110 beds out of 200 (MDHS, 2020). Not only is the available capacity not enough to handle the rising demand for psychiatric services from the surrounding community, it also reduces the quality of the provided treatment. The primary issues that affect nurse retention in AMRTC are violence against nurses, poor scheduling hours, and low compensation. The project seeks to improve nurse retention by focusing on these parameters. Practice Change The proposed practice change involves a three-step plan, including the increase of nurse security by assigning color codes to patients based on their likelihood of offense, with corresponding security measures taken in place, as well as changing the scheduling from 12-hour shifts to 8-hour shifts, and increases in monetary compensations for nurses. These practices are to be implemented in a tandem, connected one to another through logistical and implementation means, and are expected to improve nurse retention and decrease turnover. Rationale AMRTC is one of the very few hospitals in the area that provides a high-security setting for individuals with potentially violent mental disorders, as well as individuals pending trial. Regular hospitals and healthcare centers do not have the means and experience of treatment and containment of those individuals. In addition, AMRTC provides a full cycle of treatment for various psychological as well as substance-based ailments, including detox facilities, a community assistance center, and a rehabilitation wing for individuals that are to be reintegrated into the society. Therefore, the facility is of crucial importance, making nurse shortages and suboptimal performance a major issue for the community. In addition, the hospital has had major issues with hiring new talent and retaining their core specialists, resulting in a massive drop in capacity, which started in 2017 (MDHS, 2020). Unless these issues are addressed, the services provided by AMRTC will remain suboptimal, resulting in a poorer quality of treatment, increased danger for nurses that continue working in the facility, as well as significant logistical challenges for the community, which will be forced to allocate its patients to other facilities at greater distances. Review of the Literature Credible Sources Utilizing credible, relevant, and peer-reviewed sources is essential when developing an intervention. Evidence-based practices include a conscientious, explicit, judicious, and reasonable use of modern, best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. In order to generate an intervention that is likely to work, it is necessary to utilize sources that have been proven valid for the research. Such practices not only safeguard the patients, but also help reduce the chances of error and the wasting of time and resources by the researchers. All sources can be evaluated based on their applicability, evidence grade, and the information they provide that could be included in the research. A table with a short evidence summary of all sources can be found in Appendix A. Evidence Summary Retention, Threats of Violence, and Possible Solutions Violence is considered to be one of the most prevailing factors in facilitating high nurse turnover rates. Sharma and Sharma (2016) report that the incidence rate of violence in the workplace for nurses varies from station to station, with the average of 9.3 per 10,000 for healthcare personnel, 15 per 10,000 for social workers, and 25 per 10,000 for nursing and personal care facility workers. The researchers also reflect on the fact that part of the reason for nurse turnover in relation to violence is their powerlessness to do anything against the assaulting patient, as fighting back or engaging in self-defense often results in reprimands and even threats of being fired (Sharma & Sharma, 2016). The article provides several means of reducing violence in the workplace, such as learning to recognize small signs of aggression, erection of physical barriers to protect against possible violence, the use of a buddy system, and psychological means of resolving conflicts before they even happen (Sharma & Sharma, 2016). Threats of violence are considered to be some of the biggest issues among young nurses. A study on developing programs of retention by Wolford, Hampton, Tharp-Barrie, and Goss (2019) state that 45% of young nurses that experience violence for the first time are rendered inoperable and unable to return to duty within a month, and 73% of all nurses leave the profession after the first major incident. Wolford et al. (2019) state that nurse retention programs must, first and foremost, ensure nurse safety against patient as well as nurse violence. Nyman, Hofvander, Nilsson, and Wijk (2020) provide insights on how nurses perform risk assessment of individual patients before starting the interaction. They utilize history and diagnosis analysis as primary means of determining if the patient would pose serious danger or not. Nyman et al. (2020) state that these assessments prove to be generally accurate, so long they are extensive and performed by experienced nurses. It is speculated that new and inexperienced nurses would be more likely to misjudge a patient and not notice any potential signs of hostility towards their persons (Nyman et al. 2020). These findings are argued against by Florisse and Delespaul, (2020), who state that risk assessment procedures did not provide any positive effects on aggression rates towards nurses, neither did they result in reductions of the use of coercive pacification techniques. Florisse and Delespaul (2020) explain this through the absence of coherent frameworks for assessing and working against patient aggression. Hospital protocols towards violent patients vary from place to place and are often based on personal experiences rather than evidence, which could be the cause of negligible positive results in the short-term perspective (Florisse & Delespaul, 2020). The relationship between retention, burnout, and patient-nurse violence is stated to be mutually-involving, so state Laeeque, Bilal, Hafeez, and Khan (2018). Their findings indicate that the threat of violence increases burnout in nurses, especially those new to the profession, which in turn makes them apathetic and less responsive to indicators of possible violence (Laeeque et al., 2018). The researchers also found that patients being attended by a burned-out nurse may be triggered to violence by the perceived lack of compassion and care (Laeeque et al., 2018). In other words, burnout breeds violence, and violence creates burnout, reducing hospital retention. Violence against nurses has an immediate negative effect on personnel as well as long-lasting implications for the organization. Hassankhani, Parizad, Gacki-Smith, Rahmani, and Mohammadi (2018) reports that violence negatively impacts nurses’ social and professional lives. Choi and Lee (2017) confirm these findings, stating that 95.8% of all nurses participating in the study reported having faced workplace violence from patients in the scope of a single year. Niu et al. (2019) identify verbal assaults and harassments as primary means of violence against nurses, having occurred in 78.4% of registered cases in psychiatric settings. Jeong and Lee (2016) connect with the conclusions drawn by previous researchers and add to it by stating that emotional damage can lead to burnout and the desire to leave the profession prematurely. They also discovered that emotional coping strategies are the most effective against verbal abuse (Jeong & Lee, 2016). Finally, Cho, Pavek, and Steege (2020) highlight that a failure to address verbal harassment as part of interventions or practices leads not only to lower quality of care, but also makes nurses close up and under-report abuse, internalizing the offenses instead of rejecting them. Retention and Monetary Rewards Monetary compensation plays an important part in attracting and retaining nurses. Although many nurses choose their field of expertise out of a desire to help people, proper compensation for their efforts is important for retention and self-realization of employees. Munawarah, Maidin and Sidin (2019) report that many nurses come from underprivileged backgrounds and see work in the hospital as an opportunity to get out of poverty, making compensation a tool for retaining them. Goodare (2017) is congruent with these findings and states that the slow growth of nurse salaries compared to inflation is one of the primary reasons why retention efforts in hospitals are largely ineffective in the long-term perspective. Ashwood, Macrae, and Marsden (2018) indicate that new nurses (ones employed in the field for 1-2 years) view payment as a primary reason for being attracted to a hospital and staying in it for the first few years, before being integrated into the collective. Heidari, Seifi, and Gharebagh (2017) discuss several monetary rewarding strategies that could be implemented to increase retention. Some of them are connected to overtime compensation, stating that many hospitals do not compensate for overtime (Heidari et al., 2017). Overtime compensation increases retention by 5-10% on average (Heidari et al., 2017). Kossivi, Xu, and Kalgora (2016) discuss increasing the base payment as an effective means of retention. Their findings state that doing so increases the number of new nurses joining hospitals, but the effects on retention are lessened by the fact that employees think they were overdue for a raise (Kossivi et al., 2016). Another possible method of compensation for nurses involves pay-for-performance, where either the baseline pay or the bonuses are determined by nurse performance in the field. Shurson and Gregg (2019) correlate these practices with retention, finding that baseline pay connected to performance is less popular among nurses than bonus-for-performance. They find that when baseline payment is on the line, nurses are hesitant to work with patients that might be detrimental to their statistics (Shurson & Gregg, 2019). Yoon, Lim, and Kang (2017) support these findings, stating that while there is some hesitation in treating problematic patients in nurses with bonuses attached to excellency, the potential for receiving a bonus has a greater effect on nurse retention. Finally, there is a practice of implementing loyalty bonuses for nurses that have worked in a hospital for an extended period of time, as a means of improving retention. Yusuf, Christyana, Has, and Yunitasari (2020) state that a practice of providing financial bonuses and pay increases in nurses that have worked for over 2 years has positively improved retention. Christopher, Waters, and Chiarella (2017) find that such options affect young nurses the most, motivating them to stay. The report states that loyalty programs are most effective on Gen X, Millennial, and Gen Z population subgroups (Christopher et al., 2017). Finally, Fackler (2019) adds to the consensus by focusing on retaining older and experienced staff, stating that loyalty programs should have a clear progression and not focus on young specialists alone, in order to motivate loyalty growth throughout the journey. Retention and Scheduling Comfortable scheduling plays an important role in moderating burnout and nurse retention. Yu, Somerville, and King (2019) report that 12-hour shifts and rotating shifts result in low-to-moderate levels of fatigue in experienced nurses, and higher stress levels in younger nurses. These findings are partially supported by Shin et al. (2018), who found no statistical differences in fatigue levels, but had higher scores for work-life balance in nurses on 8-hour shifts. Shin et al. (2018) reflected on how fatigue levels and work-life balance are both effective predictors of nurse retention. Blasche, Baubock, and Haluza (2017) discovered that the fatigue recovery rates during 12-hour shifts are lower due to fewer opportunities for rest and relaxation. Aveyard (2016) continues the discussion by stating that preferences for 12-hour shifts vs. 8-hour shifts can be split by generational difference, with younger nurses preferring 8-hour shifts, whereas older ones are used to 12-hour shifts. Ryan, Bergin, and Wells (2017) summarize that 8-hour shifts would do less for the retention of older nurses, as it would put them under stress to reschedule a life they have been leading for most of their lives. The academic community is in general agreement that fatigue brought upon by 12-hour shifts can reduce retention rates in a hospital. Steege, Pinekenstein, Arsenault Knusden, and Rainbow (2017) claim that prolonged exposure to stressful environments, such as that of acute care, psychiatric, or long-term care settings result in care fatigue, which makes nurses less fit for duty and result in some leaving the profession. Sun et al. (2017) find that physical exhaustion hits new and old nurses in equal measure, as new nurses find themselves incapable of handling 12-hour shifts on a regular basis, and older nurses suffer from reduced physical capacity due to their age, resulting in turnover. Scammell (2019) connects retention, exhaustion, and burnout, finding the psychological condition to develop from the predictors of care fatigue, physical exhaustion, and general unhappiness, resulting in nurses leaving the field for prolonged periods of time. Finally, the last two sources discuss two potential scheduling models to be utilized to fix the problem. Kester, Lindsay, and Granger (2020) finds that a flexible model, where nurses are capable of choosing their own schedule is an improvement over the inflexible 12-hour and 8-hour models. Keys (2020) largely sustains that claim, though noting potential difficulties with balancing shifts where individual nurses can switch their schedules at a whim. Best Practices Best practices, as indicated from the dissemination of information provided in the literature review section, depend on the type of intervention sought to improve retention, in relation to the factor they seek to address. For nurse safety, practices can be split into ensuring physical and psychological protection of nurses from violence. Physical violence can be mitigated by the use of protective barriers (Sharma & Sharma, 2016), the use of the buddy system (Sharma & Sharma, 2016), and the development of evidence-based frameworks for risk assessment (Florisse & Delespaul, 2020). Verbal violence is much harder to counteract, but can be mitigated by the use of emotional comfort strategies (Jeong & Lee, 2016). Reduced violence leads to improved retention. Monetary rewards as a means to improve retention rates can be used in different ways. Three practices highlighted in the review include general pay increases, pay-for-quality practices, and loyalty bonuses (Heidari et al., 2017; Shurson & Gregg, 2019; Yusuf et al., 2020). These strategies have a varied effect on nurses based on their predisposition towards money as well as age-range, but have been positive for improving retention, in general. A combination of all three could be utilized as a part of a compensation-based retention strategy. Finally, the review of scheduling strategies to improve retention rates shows that the existing 12-hour schedules are the least effective tools of improving nursing rates (Yu et al., 2019). Two potential practices to replace them include static 8-hour shifts and floating shifts, where nurses are free to choose between 12-hour shifts and 8-hour shifts. It is reported that the latter is more effective in improving nurse retention compared to the former (Kester et al., 2020). At the same time, flexible shifts are more difficult to manage (Keys, 2020). Conclusion Since the problems that affect retention are interconnected with one another, a complex and multi-layered approach to solving them must be taken. The proposed solutions to retention problems at AMRTC will seek to target the primary trouble areas the hospital has, namely low salaries (compared to the rest of the country), poor safety measures for nurses, and 12-hour schedules. The solutions to these problems, based on the best practices and EBP, are as follows: * Develop an EBP framework for risk management procedures on patients in AMRTC, using the three-colored danger code (Florisse & Delespaul, 2020). Nurses are to be distributed appropriately to the danger posed by the patient, with young and inexperienced nurses handling green patients, while red and yellow patients must be treated by experienced nurses working in pairs. Verbal abuse should be managed by after-treatment emotional therapy sessions (Jeong & Lee, 2016). * Nurse base salary must be increased to improve retention and recruitment rates (Heidari et al., 2017). Loyalty bonuses for staying in AMRTC for long periods of time should be widely introduced as means of improving retention as well, for both new and old employees (Yusuf et al., 2020). * Scheduling rates should be shifted from 12-hour shifts to flexible shifts, as a means of managing patients better, reducing burnout and fatigue, and improving retention (Kester et al., 2020). References Ashwood, L., Macrae, A., & Marsden, P. (2018). Recruitment and retention in general practice nursing: What about pay?. Practice Nursing, 29 (2), 83-87. Aveyard, D. (2016). How do 12-hour shifts affect ICU nurses?. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 22 (11), 34-36. Blasche, G., Bauböck, V. M., & Haluza, D. (2017). Work-related self-assessed fatigue and recovery among nurses. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health , 90 (2), 197-205. Cho, H., Pavek, K., & Steege, L. (2020). Workplace verbal abuse, nurse‐reported quality of care and patient safety outcomes among early‐career hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 28 (6), 1250-1258. Choi, S. H., & Lee, H. (2017). Workplace violence against nurses in Korea and its impact on professional quality of life and turnover intention. Journal of Nursing Management, 25 (7), 508-518. Christopher, S. A., Waters, D., & Chiarella, M. (2017). Are your Gen X nurses satisfied?. Nursing Management, 48 (8), 24-31. Fackler, C. A. (2019). Retaining older hospital nurses: Experienced hospital nurses’ perceptions of new roles. Journal of Nursing Management, 27 (6), 1325-1331. Florisse, E. J., & Delespaul, P. A. (2020). Monitoring risk assessment on an acute psychiatric ward: Effects on aggression, seclusion and nurse behaviour. PLoS One, 15 (10), e0240163. Goodare, P. (2017). Literature review: Why do we continue to lose our nurses?. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34 (4), 50-56. Haddad, L. M., Annamaraju, P., & Toney-Butler, T. J. (2020). Nursing shortage. In StatPearls . Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Hassankhani, H., Parizad, N., Gacki-Smith, J., Rahmani, A., & Mohammadi, E. (2018). The consequences of violence against nurses working in the emergency department: A qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing, 39 , 20-25. Heidari, M., Seifi, B., & Gharebagh, Z. A. (2017). Nursing staff retention: Effective factors. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10 (6), 1467-1473. Jeong, Y. H., & Lee, K. H. (2016). Effect of verbal abuse experience, coping style and resilience on emotional response and stress during clinical practicum among nursing students. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14 (3), 391-399. Kester, K. M., Lindsay, M., & Granger, B. (2020). Development and evaluation of a prospective staffing model to improve retention. Journal of Nursing Management, 28 (2), 425-432. Keys, Y. (2020). Mitigating the adverse effects of 12-hour shifts: Nursing leaders’ perspectives. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 50 (10), 539-545. Kossivi, B., Xu, M., & Kalgora, B. (2016). Study on determining factors of employee retention. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (5), 261-269. doi: 10.4236/jss.2016.45029 Laeeque, S. H., Bilal, A., Hafeez, A., & Khan, Z. (2018). Violence breeds violence: burnout as a mediator between patient violence and nurse violence. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 25 (4), 604-613. Munawarah, A., Maidin, A., & Sidin, I. (2019). Effect of skill, compensation and job satisfaction on the nurses performance at emergency unit in Anutapura General Hospital Palu 2016. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development , 10 (4), 823-826. Minnesota Department of Human Services (MDHS). (2020). Anoka-Metro regional treatment center. Web. Niu, S. F., Kuo, S. F., Tsai, H. T., Kao, C. C., Traynor, V., & Chou, K. R. (2019). Prevalence of workplace violent episodes experienced by nurses in acute psychiatric settings. PLoS One, 14 (1), e0211183. Nyman, M., Hofvander, B., Nilsson, T., & Wijk, H. (2020). Mental health nurses’ experiences of risk assessments for care planning in forensic psychiatry. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 19 (2), 103-113. Ryan, C., Bergin, M., & Wells, J. S. (2017). Valuable yet vulnerable—a review of the challenges encountered by older nurses in the workplace. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 72 , 42-52. Scammell, J. (2016). Should I stay or should I go? Stress, burnout and nurse retention. British Journal of Nursing, 25 (17), 990-990. Sharma, R. K., & Sharma, V. (2016). Workplace violence in nursing. Journal of Nursing Care , 5 (335), 2167-1168. Shin, Y. H., Choi, E. Y., Kim, E. H., Kim, Y. K., Im, Y. S., Seo, S. S.,… & Kim, Y. J. (2018). Comparison of work-Life balance, fatigue and work errors between 8-Hour shift nurses and 12-hour shift nurses in hospital general wards. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 24 (2), 170-177. Shurson, L., & Gregg, S. R. (2019). Relationship of pay-for-performance and provider pay. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 1 (1), 3-10. Steege, L. M., Pinekenstein, B. J., Arsenault Knudsen, É., & Rainbow, J. G. (2017). Exploring nurse leader fatigue: a mixed methods study. Journal of Nursing Management, 25 (4), 276-286. Sun, J. W., Bai, H. Y., Li, J. H., Lin, P. Z., Zhang, H. H., & Cao, F. L. (2017). Predictors of occupational burnout among nurses: a dominance analysis of job stressors. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26 (23-24), 4286-4292. Wolford, J., Hampton, D., Tharp-Barrie, K., & Goss, C. (2019). Establishing a nurse residency program to boost new graduate nurse retention. Nursing Management, 50 (3), 44-49. Yoon, H. S., Lim, J. Y., & Kang, M. J. (2017). Comparison of expectation-perception between patient and nurse on nursing care service in comprehensive nursing care wards. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 17 (3), 507-522. Yu, F., Somerville, D., & King, A. (2019). Exploring the impact of 12-hour shifts on nurse fatigue in intensive care units. Applied Nursing Research, 50 , 151191. Yusuf, A., Christyana, D. S., Has, E. M. M., & Yunitasari, E. (2020). The relationship of work satisfaction with nurse commitments in the organization of hospital. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (3), 934-936.

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Provide a essay that could have been the input for the following summary: Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center's Staff Retention EssayThe essay discusses the reasons behind Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center's recent staff retention problems and offers suggestions on how to improve the situation.

Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center's Staff Retention Essay The essay discusses the reasons behind Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center's recent staff retention problems and offers suggestions on how to improve the situation.

Anoka-Metro Regional Treatment Center’s Staff Retention Essay Introduction Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center is located in Anoka, Minnesota, and is one of the largest high-security psychiatric hospitals in the area (MDHS, 2020). Its current operating capacity is at 110 beds, having dropped from 200 in the wake of various staff retention problems that have been occurring since and well before 2018 (MDHS, 2020). The hospital provides a critical service to the community by focusing on long-term treatments for individuals sentenced to mandatory psychotherapy as a result of a civil court decree or pending a criminal trial. The hospital has a general psychiatric ward of 200 beds, a special ward for patients with chemical dependency, two independent community wards (16 beds each), as well as spaces for community-based support programs (MDHS, 2020). The purpose of this proposal is to restore the hospital to its full operational capacity by improving nurse and employee retention. Clinical/Organizational Problem The identified clinical/organizational problem within Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center is nursing retention. It stands for the ability of the hospital to attract new talent while retaining existing employees in order to keep all of the vacancies occupied. An organization that in uncapable of retaining its staff suffers from a variety of side-effects, some of which include rising expenditures, a drop in the quality of care due to inexperience, poor working cohesion between different team members, increased rates of care fatigue, higher numbers of professional mistakes, and various other issues. Rising expenditures come from the money and time needed to find and fully introduce a new employee into the organization. These losses are estimated between 2 to 7 of monthly salaries per employee, which negatively affects the budget (Imo, 2017). Quality issues, a lack of cohesion, and professional mistakes all stem from the relative lack of experience – in a roster that keeps changed every few months due to nurse losses, it is hard to build team spirit. Care fatigue is related to the same issue – in a team where more experienced members can shoulder some of the burdens until a newbie is ready to fully carry their own weight, fatigue can set on early and result in a loss of an employee within 1-2 years since their enrollment (Imo, 2017). Therefore, the identified organizational problem is extremely important in the context of Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center’s current situation. Description of the Problem The hospital is experiencing a severe nursing shortage in the wake of failing to maintain suitable working conditions for nurses. AMRTC was notorious for having one of the highest rates of patient-to-nurse violence rates in the region as well as numerous examples of patients managing to escape the highly-secured facility, generating distrust for measures utilized to ensure nurse and patient safety (MDHS, 2020). According to the official statistics, AMRTC is currently missing 16.8% in clinical personnel and 11.5% in direct care positions (“Quarterly report,” 2017). Clinical positions include mental health professionals (psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers engaging with treatment teams), and professional staff members that provide services outside of the supervision of direct care positions (“Quarterly report,” 2017). Direct care positions, on the other hand, include the day-to-day care for patients 24 hours a day 7 days a week, as well as direct services under the mandate of a MH professional (“Quarterly report,” 2017). Examples of such include occupational and recreational therapist, as well as human services technicians. This problem needs to be addressed with an innovative and evidence-based approach, due to the fact that nurse retention has a direct impact on the hospital’s performance, patient-centered outcomes, and the overall quality of care. A lack of nurses prevents AMRTC from operating at its peak capacity, denying patients the required care that could not be readily provided in the area. AMRTC serves Anoka, Dakota, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne, Washington, and Carver counties, meaning that individuals who do not get treatment on site will have to be allocated to other areas, effectively displacing them and complicating family visits (MDHS, 2020). In addition, a high patient-to-nurse rate means individual patients get less care, and often have to wait for extended periods of time to obtain it. As a result, the quality of care may drop, and unwanted side-effects of neglected treatment may affect patients and nurses alike. Finally, the lack of specialists prevents AMRTC from operating some of its facilities, namely the detox and chemical abuse departments. Explanation of Causes One of the primary reasons for AMRTC having a low retention rate, along with a substantial percentage of open vacancies, is the fact that mental health hospitals are inherently more dangerous than regular wards (Imo, 2017). In 2017, one year prior to the boycotts and mass exodus of personnel, the average number of OSHA-recordable cases of injuries and aggressive behavior was 31 cases per quarter (“Quarterly report,” 2017), which is incredibly high. Nurses who fear their patients and worry for their health and well-being are more likely to quit their job and look for a safer place of work (Imo, 2017). Although some measures have been taken to improve nurse safety, the reputational losses made the hospital difficult to restore the original numbers of employees to operate at peak or near-peak capacity (MDHS, 2020). The second cause of low retention rates at AMRTC is due to the nature of treatments they provide. Mental health clinics in general have lower retention rates, no matter the quality of care, nurse safety, and compensation rates (Jansen, Hem, Dambolt & Hanssen, 2020). Mental health services are inherently more physically and spiritually taxing on the nurses than regular health operations, as they often require 24/7 supervision (Jansen et al., 2020). It also demands a close connection with the patients, their worries and troubles, as well as, as it was mentioned before, a certain level of risk to personal safety (Jansen et al., 2020). As a result, the conditions are particularly taxing on the personnel, especially the newer recruits that do not have the same levels of mental resistance and experience when compared to the skeleton crew of the hospital. As a result, they are much likely to drop, contributing to the statistic of nearly 35% of all nurses to leave the profession within 1-2 years of service (Jansen et al., 2020). The third cause of low retention rates in AMRTC is likely related to a lack of superior compensation packages. The average salary for a mental health technician, which is a full-time employee providing 24/7 care, is rated at 22.7 USD per hour in Anoka, Minnesota (“How much,” 2020). At the same time, the median salary for a MH technician in the US is at 35.33 USD per hour, meaning that employees at AMRTC are underpaid for the services they provide and risks they take (“Mental health technician salary,” 2020). This results in a lower desire in nurses to give their all during work, especially when there are alternatives to find employment in less strenuous working environments, for higher compensation. In other words, AMRTC is losing out by providing a less-than-competitive salary for a high-risk position of employment. Outdated scheduling methods constitute a potential reason for high nurse turnover rates in AMRTC. As it stands, the hospital implements 12-hour shifts, which are notorious for being criticized within the nursing community for causing stress, fatigue, and general tiredness (Johnson et al., 2018). Not to mention, 12-hour shifts often turn out to prolongate for 2-4 hours beyond the norm, in order to cover up for various inconsistencies and scheduling failures that are caused by a chronic lack of personnel (Johnson et al., 2018). Employees who work past the point of tiredness are more likely to suffer from burnout and leave the profession (Johnson et al., 2018). In addition, prolonged exposure to such leads to ruined work-life balance, poor sleeping schedules, and a variety of mental issues that may contribute to high turnover rates (Johnson et al., 2018). Finally, there is a lack of nurse-dedicated interventions with a specific objective of reducing stress, anxiety, and fatigue. Many hospitals, both general and psychiatric, implement a system of non-monetary rewards and spiritual relaxation, including meditation, massages, and other physical or behavioral means of reducing stress (Johnson et al., 2018). AMRTC does not have a dedicated intervention to do that. Because of this, the hospital is losing more nurses than it should, as such a behavior inadvertently shows a lack of care for retention, which is being sensed by the personnel. Identification of Stakeholders The primary stakeholders involved in the proposed solution to the problem of nurse retention are as follows (Wu, Wang, Tao, & Peng, 2019): * Patients. They are the primary stakeholders, as all and any interventions have the underlying motive of improving the quality of care. If nurse retention is increased, patients will enjoy better treatments, shorter waiting times, greater likelihood of receiving accommodations, and a better overall treatment (Wu et al., 2019). Although this group has an inherent interest in the success of the intervention, their ability to influence the process is relatively limited due to the nature of their ailments. * Nurses . This large group also constitutes the primary stakeholders, as the point of the proposed intervention is aimed at them. They have a keen interest in the measures proposed in this paper, as it promises an increase in the quality of work for them, thus enabling them to work with their patients safely (Wu et al., 2019). This group of stakeholders has demonstrated the will to see changes happen, as evidenced by the boycotts of 2018 and onwards (MDHS, 2020). * Administrators. They constitute the third group of primary stakeholders, which will be involved in the intervention. They have the means of facilitating the measures proposed in this paper, and have a keen interest in keeping as many nurses attending their duties as possible, while ensuring the safety of all parties involved. If successful, they will be able to close out vacancies, balance out schedules more effectively, and provide care in a safe and timely manner (Wu et al., 2019). * Community. A major secondary stakeholder. Although they are not actively engaged in the process, they are some of the beneficiaries of the changes being proposed. Should AMRTC become fully operational as a result of better nursing retention, many of the local mental health patients will be able to receive treatment in that hospital rather than being forced to send patients to other counties and regions, which is associated with complications and expenditures (MDHS, 2020). * Local government. The authorities are largely interested in reduced patient complication rates, reduced expenditures per patient, increased salaries, and increased community prosperity (Wu et al., 2019). Should the proposed intervention work in AMRTC, this stakeholder will be satisfied. Discussion of Stakeholders The identified stakeholders will have different roles, based on their position and the capacity to get themselves involved in the proposed changes (Bravi et al., 2013). Nurses and hospital administration will have the roles of active implementors of the proposed solution. Patients and nurses will be the primary recipients of positive changes, with patients having a passive position in the matter. Secondary recipients of benefits would be the hospital administration and the surrounding community (Bravi et al., 2013). Local government is identified as a tertiary recipient, as the positive effects from the intervention would have an impact on some of the important metrics (Bravi et al., 2013). Stakeholders can be classified based on three axes, which include interest, power, and influence (Auvinen, 2017). Interest constitutes the desire to see changes through. Power constitutes the capacity of the party to influence project results directly, whereas influence stands for utilizing indirect methods to support the project. Patients have high interest, low power, and low influence on the project due to the nature of their stay in the hospital (Auvinen, 2017). While they are capable of complying or resisting changes, their behavior is ultimately being moderated by hospital personnel. Nurses have a high interest, high power, and moderate influence on the project, as they are going to be the ones organizing it (Auvinen, 2017). However, their relations to indirect stakeholders is smaller, in comparison. Administrators have high interest, moderate power, and high influence, as they facilitate the conditions necessary for the intervention to be a success (Auvinen, 2017). They do not directly get themselves involve with the project, instead using nurses as an arm. Community has moderate interest, low power, and moderate influence on the process (Auvinen, 2017). While they do not directly get themselves involved in the process, they have the potential to promote their interest through affiliated stakeholder groups, namely the administration and the government. The local authorities have moderate-low interest, low power, and high influence on the project (Auvinen, 2017). While the happenings in one hospital may not be enough to facilitate attention, they have the potential to bring the full scope of affiliated powers to participate in the project. Explanation of the Project In order to achieve the goal of improving nurse retention, a direct intervention in the existing status quo is needed. The project will address the issue by changing the existing policies, practices, and compensation methods currently implemented in AMRTC. It will involve the collaboration of stakeholders on all levels as well. The project will seek to increase nurse retention through affecting the existing barriers and improving the nurses’ view of their own position by offering concrete and specific means through which that can be accomplished. The project will affect patient-nurse, patient-administration, and patient-community relations, over the scope of one year. It will have three parts to be attended to in a consecutive order, each affecting the other in order to achieve a cumulative effect. The proposed solution is estimated to allow AMRTC to fill out its vacancies and allow for a transfer from 12-hour to 8-hour shifts. The discussion of the proposed solution can be found below. Proposed Solution The proposed project involves a multi-vectoral approach towards improving nurse retention in AMRTC, aiming at the major problems identified in the Causes section. Namely, these are the safety of nurses, comfortable scheduling, and proper compensation. Nurse safety is the primary objective to improve retention, as it was the reason for the boycotts of 2018, where nurses demanded better conditions of service for themselves, as well as better security (MDHS, 2020). Their demands are understandable, as the employees of AMRTC have to deal with individuals who may present danger, having been convicted or pending convictions of violent crimes. In addition, patients with schizophrenia may have violent symptoms or misinterpret nurse activities, putting both in jeopardy. Nurse security can be achieved utilizing a system of gradation for patients based on their likelihood to incite violence, giving them 3 colors of danger – green, yellow, and red, with security measures increasing for individual patients (Halter et al., 2017). That way, inexperienced nurses would avoid treating violent patients, and resources for security may be spent more appropriately. The second part of the project would involve increasing nurse compensations. This part of the solution may occur only after initial gains in retention would be achieved as a result of better nurse security. Should all vacancies be closed, the hospital will receive more revenue while not spending as much on recruiters and nurse scouting (Yuniarti & Tutiany, 2019). That money could be directed towards improving the salary of nurses, thus increasing their enjoyment of the workplace and the feeling of being appropriately compensated for their troubles. This segment of the intervention would effectively increase AMRTC’s competitive position in the job market. The third part of the intervention would involve a shift from a 12-hour schedule to an 8-hour or a flexible schedule for nurses. This solution would be implemented only after the first and second stages are in progress, as the 8-hour shift model requires more nurses to be available at hand (Schroyer, Zellers, & Abraham, 2020). Therefore, under the current conditions, it is impossible to implement the proposition straight away. Nevertheless, once engaged, it would enable a smoother scheduling and patient-handling process, since the hospital would have more employees to cover all the necessary positions. In addition, shorter shifts would contribute to a better life-work balance, reduce burnout, and improve staff retention, making up for the greater numbers’ requirement for nurses. Conclusion Nurse retention is an important component of healthcare organization and administration and has a direct impact on the quality of care, patient recovery rates, economic compensation of hospital wards, and community service (Halter et al., 2017). At the same time, interventions have different effect on nurses depending on how well-established they are in the profession. Mills et al. (2017) reports that interventions aiming at the improvement of self-conceptualization, practice environment, and overall resilience are most impactful on nurses that have been working in the field for 5 years or less, whereas those aimed at monetary compensation show equal parity among all ages. Nurses with a history of service are reported to have developed their own coping mechanisms making them less likely to leave the profession entirely, though likely to consider changing hospitals, if the opportunity presents itself (Mills et al., 2017). The subject of monetary compensation is discussed among other interventions in a study by Kossivi, Xu, and Kalgora (2016), who highlight the importance of the factor in young specialists. They explain the prevalence of physical rewards over non-material ones by the lack of the initial attachment to the workplace and the team among new employees and young recruits (Kossivi et al., 2016). The initial buy-in, thus, must be something tangible and easily-perceived, to make the hospital in question more attractive and more likely to retain its employees over a long period of time. Kossivi et al. (2016) also point out that the demands for monetary compensation are higher for hospitals that are associated with difficult and dangerous work. Acute care, emergency care, and stationary psychiatry are among the fields where employees demand a higher standard of pay. Personal safety is among the most important factors to affect retention in psychiatric nursing. Barbé, Kimble, Bellury, and Rubenstein, (2018) report that the nursing opinion on the matter of nurse-patient relations is that while patient lives and health are important, they do not outweigh the requirements for nurse safety. In other words, if patients are to receive help – nurses and doctors are to be protected first. This opinion is prevalent more in the younger generation of nurses, which is slowly becoming the majority in the workforce (Barbe et al., 2018). Some of the instruments found most acceptable by nurses to ensure safety include prevention more so than physical protection. Barbe et al. (2018) report that nurses prefer to know that the chances of a violent encounter are slim rather than worry about being attacked at any moment, even if security ensures their safety. These findings are supported by Temkin-Greener, Cen, and Li, (2020) who have uncovered that the establishment of a strong safety culture plays an important role in preventing turnover, with the majority of respondents answering the question with 4 or 5 on Likert scale. Finally, the issue of 12-hour shifts versus 8-hour shifts has been explored by Banakhar (2017), who states that 12-hour shifts are preferred by older employees, whereas flexible shifts or 8-hour shifts fit newer employees better. The research speculates that the preference towards 12-hour shifts among the older generations appears as a result of a force of habit, whereas 8-hour shifts have better results when it comes to nurse retention, burnout, care fatigue, and performance (Banakhar, 2017). Overall, the article supports the proposed interventions, highlighting that temporary increases in expenditures for new personnel may be compensated long-term by achieving better HCAHPS scores, reducing recruitment expenditures, and decreasing the number of medical errors and rehospitalizations (Banakhar, 2017). Plan of Action The proposed project will have 5 stages, which include the preparation stage, three implementation stages, and a revision stage, during which the results will be assessed, and changes made (if any are necessary). The preparation stage will involve developing a detailed project plan, its presentation to AMRTC, and revisions made based on the primary stakeholders (excluding patients) notes and recommendations. During this stage, implementation of the project will be tailored to what resources and employees the hospital actually has. Meetings with hospital staff, hospital administration, and nurse leaders would be the primary method of interaction between the researchers and the participants. The three implementation steps within the scope of this intervention would include the implementation of color-codes to illustrate the likelihood of patient violence as well as the restructuring of the existing scheduling to ensure that new nurses do not get to work with violent patients straight away, instead being given only green patients to work with. Yellow and red patients would be the primary responsibility of older and more experienced nurses, which would help avoid accidents. The second implementation step would be launched once the primary step achieves a tangible financial impact through reducing retention. It will be a largely administrative matter that would include the redistribution of the available recruitment funds towards nurses already on the job. The third step would be launched once the majority of vacancies in AMRTC are covered, and will involve a gradual change from a 12-hour to 8-hour shift pattern. This will be a practical and administrative matter, and would at first be conducted on a voluntary basis. The last stage would involve the observation of the new model, with changes being made to the existing model of implementation if needed. All changes would first be discussed with hospital staff and the specially-appointed committee, before being implemented. These meetings would also be held on a semi-regular basis during the implementation stages, to make small alterations to the program should glaring issues be discovered in that stage. Timeline Due to the limitations of the project (organization’s timeline, terms), the proposed timeline will only encompass the first stage of the project, that being the preparation stage. It is as follows: * Week 1: Development of the larger proposal to be presented to AMRTC. * Week 2: Presentation of the proposed solution to hospital authorities in a series of meetings with the administration as well as nurse leaders. * Week 3: Working with the hospital to adjust the proposal to the realities of the hospital in terms of systems, personnel, and materials available. * Week 4-6: Preparation of all nurses, administrators, and healthcare managers in the facility for the implementation of the proposed solutions. These will include installing a color-code scheme and the familiarization of personnel with it as well as estimated projections for employee retention, financial retention, and scheduling changes to ensure that all new nurses would be assigned to green patients only. Required Resources and Personnel The intervention requires resources and personnel that would either be available at the start of the intervention or acquired during its implementation. For the preparation part, the resources would require the following: a meeting room, to conduct meetings with hospital staff, presentation equipment to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed solutions, a personal computer (or a laptop) to hold and process the information required for the intervention, as well as finances to accommodate travel and office expenditures for the duration. Personnel needs will be covered by the student, though the participation of hospital administrators and nursing leaders would be required as well. The roles of all participants would be distributed as follows: * Student: Initiator of the project, negotiator and coordinator with administrative staff; * Administrative staff: Primary coordinators and editors of the initial plan, their role includes facilitating the proposed changes and organizing nurses for its implementation; * Nursing staff: Main implementers of the proposed project. May also provide suggestions for change during the practical phase. Proposed Change Theory The proposed change theory to facilitate the solutions mentioned in this paper is Kurt Lewin’s Freeze-Unfreeze model. It is a very popular theory that many nurse specialists are familiar with, and it is easy to utilize in the scope of this project (Burnes & Bargal, 2017). According to it, there are three distinct phases that must occur in a lasting planned change: Unfreezing, Change, and Freezing (Burnes & Bargal, 2017). The Unfreezing stage will occur during the preparation part of the plan, when nurses and administrators will be presented with the proposal and allow for its discussion. Change phase will occur during the three-step plan, which will seek to improve safety, compensation, and scheduling in AMRTC. Finally, after changes have been completed, a period will be dedicated to small alterations and re-freezing of the new model of operation as status quo. Barriers to Implementation Identified barriers to implementation of the proposed solutions is as follows: * The chosen hospital may reject the proposal due to fundamental disagreements regarding the implementation and financing of the project; * It would be impossible to allocate new nurses to green patients only without creating a disbalance; * Retention and growth rates estimated in this paper would be below required; * Money savings would be too low to enable significant salary raises. In order to overcome these barriers, the researcher must be persuasive in their presentation to hospital staff and operate using evidence-based practice. Alterations to the proposed solutions may be made to better reflect the situation on the ground. While retention and growth rates might be lower than projected, all evidence points to the presence of growth, meaning that certain stages would simply need more time to generate the needed effect. Same goes for economic gains, which may not be as soon as anticipated, but certain. References Auvinen, A. M. (2017). Understanding stakeholders as a success factor for effective occupational health care. Occupational Health , 1, 25-43. Web. Banakhar, M. (2017). The impact of 12-hour shifts on nurses’ health, wellbeing, and job satisfaction: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7 (11), 69-83. Barbé, T., Kimble, L. P., Bellury, L. M., & Rubenstein, C. (2018). Predicting student attrition using social determinants: Implications for a diverse nursing workforce. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34 (5), 352-356. Bravi, F., Gibertoni, D., Marcon, A., Sicotte, C., Minvielle, E., Rucci, P.,… & Fantini, M. P. (2013). Hospital network performance: A survey of hospital stakeholders’ perspectives. Health policy , 109 (2), 150-157. Burnes, B., & Bargal, D. (2017). Kurt Lewin: 70 years on. Journal of Change Management, 17 (2), 91-100. Web. Halter, M., Pelone, F., Boiko, O., Beighton, C., Harris, R., Gale, J.,… & Drennan, V. (2017). Interventions to reduce adult nursing turnover: A systematic review of systematic reviews. The Open Nursing Journal , 11 , 108-123. Web. How much does a mental health technician make in Anoka, MN? (2020). Web. Imo, U. O. (2017). Burnout and psychiatric morbidity among doctors in the UK: A systematic literature review of prevalence and associated factors . BJPsych Bulletin , 41 (4), 197-204. Jansen, T. L., Hem, M. H., Dambolt, L. J., & Hanssen, I. (2020). Moral distress in acute psychiatric nursing: Multifaceted dilemmas and demands . Nursing Ethics , 27 (5), 1315-1326. Web. Johnson, J., Hall, L. H., Berzins, K., Baker, J., Melling, K., & Thompson, C. (2018). Mental healthcare staff well‐being and burnout: A narrative review of trends, causes, implications, and recommendations for future interventions. International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing , 27 (1), 20-32. Web. Kossivi, B., Xu, M., & Kalgora, B. (2016). Study on determining factors of employee retention . Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4(05), 261-269. Web. Mental health technician salary in the United States . (2020). Web. Mills, J., Woods, C., Harrison, H., Chamberlain-Salaun, J., & Spencer, B. (2017). Retention of early career registered nurses: the influence of self-concept, practice environment and resilience in the first five years post-graduation. Journal of Research in Nursing, 22 (5), 372-385. Web. Minnesota Department of Human Services (MDHS). (2020). Anoka-Metro regional treatment center. Web. Schroyer, C. C., Zellers, R., & Abraham, S. (2020). Increasing registered nurse retention using mentors in critical care services. The Health Care Manager, 39 (2), 85-99. Web. Temkin-Greener, H., Cen, X., & Li, Y. (2020). Nursing home staff turnover and perceived patient safety culture: Results from a national survey . The Gerontologist, 60 (7), pp. 1303-1311. Web. Quarterly report on Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center (AMRTC), Minnesota Security Hospital (MSH) & Community Behavioral Health Hospitals (CBHH). (2017). Web. Wu, J., Wang, Y., Tao, L., & Peng, J. (2019). Stakeholders in the healthcare service ecosystem . Procedia CIRP , 83 , 375-379. Web. Yuniarti, L. N. L., & Tutiany, T. (2019). Implementation study of retention programs and its impact on turnover intention nurses in hospital . Indonesian Journal of Health Research, 2 (2), 39-48. Web. Schroyer, C. C., Zellers, R., & Abraham, S. (2020). Increasing registered nurse retention using mentors in critical care services. The Health Care Manager, 39 (2), 85-99. Web.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: In "Anti-Racism in Shakespeare's Othello," the author discusses how Shakespeare challenges the norms of the society in which he wrote Othello by depicting a romantic relationship between a white woman and a black man. The author also explains how Shakespeare through his portrayal of Brabantio, Shakespeare demonstrates his own anti-racism.

In "Anti-Racism in Shakespeare's Othello," the author discusses how Shakespeare challenges the norms of the society in which he wrote Othello by depicting a romantic relationship between a white woman and a black man. The author also explains how Shakespeare through his portrayal of Brabantio, Shakespeare demonstrates his own anti-racism.

Anti-Racism in Shakespeare’s Othello Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Brabantio’s Case as an Example of Shakespeare’s Anti-Racism 3. Racism as an Attribute of a Villain 4. Could Othello Be a Racist Play? 5. Conclusion 6. Work Cited Introduction Shakespeare’s Othello is a play that touches upon the issues that have not lost their relevance throughout the centuries. While in developed countries nowadays, racial and gender inequalities are widely criticized, they are considered the norm in the Venetian society of Othello . Shakespeare challenges these norms, mainly through his portrayals of Othello and Emilia. Overall, Shakespeare’s ideas make Othello a play well ahead of its time. Brabantio’s Case as an Example of Shakespeare’s Anti-Racism Numerous characters throughout the play demonstrate implicit racial attitudes, and Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, is one of those. In Act 1, Scene 2, he expresses his disbelief in the genuineness of his daughter’s feelings for Othello and states that the latter must have seduced her using some sort of magic. Witchcraft practice was considered a serious offense in medieval Europe; hence, Brabantio’s accusations are indicative of his extremely negative perception of Othello. Brabantio concludes the scene with the phrase “for if such actions may have passage free, Bond slaves and pagans shall our statesmen be” (Shakespeare 23). His racism is most evident when he expresses his disgust for Othello’s appearance at the Duke’s palace, angrily exclaiming “to fall in love with what she feared to look on!” (Shakespeare 30). While many characters in the play make brief remarks, which are indicative of their racial attitudes, Desdemona’s father is the most persistent in his ignorance. For Shakespeare, Brabantio’s views are representative of the racial prejudice of the society in general, rather than of his personal feelings towards the protagonist. Othello, telling his story of falling in love with Desdemona, states that “her father loved me, oft invited me” (Shakespeare 32). It proves that Brabantio does not hate Othello, but he can not see him as an equal and definitely can not fathom his daughter loving someone like him. His denial most likely comes from his upbringing and conservative values. As Desdemona’s father can be considered the voice of the conservative elites in Venice, Shakespeare’s portrayal of this character can shed light on his take on racial issues. Two-character juxtapositions can help to understand the author’s position. Brabantio can be compared to Othello as they both present their points to the Duke. A less obvious, but equally important juxtaposition is the one between Brabantio and the Duke. Much like Desdemona’s father, the Duke belongs to the ruling class of the society, but he exhibits an entirely different attitude and behavior. From the moment Brabantio enters the palace, he can barely control himself, interrupting other speakers and throwing repetitive accusations at Othello (Shakespeare 28-30). His argument lacks logical reasoning and is based purely on his perception of race. On the other hand, Othello’s story is cohesive and believable; he is humble and respectful of his opponent. Moreover, he expresses willingness to sacrifice his career and even life if Desdemona does not confirm his story (Shakespeare 31). While the Duke shows sympathy for Brabantio’s cause, he demonstrates a lack of racial bias and doubts the accusations, saying “to vouch this is no proof, without wider and more overt test” (Shakespeare 31). When Desdemona confirms the true nature of her feelings for Othello, Brabantio’s witchcraft theory is proven wrong, and he has no other choice but to accept Othello as his son-in-law (Shakespeare 36). The outcome hardly pleases Desdemona’s father, but he admits its fairness. Therefore, Shakespeare does not only expose the flawed logic of racists, but he also demonstrates how empirical evidence can be used to destroy dangerous stereotypes. Racism as an Attribute of a Villain Iago regularly uses offensive metaphors to demonstrate his contempt for Othello and manipulate people. For example, Brabantio is enraged when Iago tells him that “an old black ram is tupping your white ewe,” referring to Othello and Desdemona (Shakespeare 9-10). However, as the play progresses, it becomes clear that Iago’s opinion of other characters is equally low. His misogyny is especially noticeable, as he compares women to guinea-hen in his conversation with Roderigo, and mocks Desdemona and Emilia later (Shakespeare 58-60). He calls his only ally and accomplice “my sick fool Roderigo” (Shakespeare 75). Overall, the analysis of Iago’s speeches leads to the conclusion that he despises humankind in general. As the play progresses, it becomes clear that Iago has the traits of a psychopath. He completely disregards the feelings of others and sees other people as dispensable. He uses Roderigo and his wife, Emilia, to achieve his goals and eventually kills both. When Iago encourages Roderigo to kill Cassio, he reveals his true thoughts, saying “now, whether he kill Cassio, or Cassio him, or each does kill the other, every way makes my gain” (Shakespeare 176). Overall, Iago is the most immoral and unlikable character in Othello and one of the most notorious villains in Shakespearean plays. Shakespeare shows that racism and hatred are integral to Iago’s character. While Iago probably hates Othello more for promoting Cassio instead of him, rather than for his skin color, he masterfully uses the others’ racism to turn them against the protagonist. The racial bias of Roderigo and Brabantio might be a result of ignorance, but Iago’s racism is fueled by hatred, which makes him extremely unlikable. By assigning the most racist lines to this character, Shakespeare clearly shows his disapproval of racism. Could Othello Be a Racist Play? Some scholars argue that Othello is a racist play because Shakespeare portrays the protagonist as a jealous fool who loses everything at the end. Indeed, his uncontrolled anger and inability to think logically under pressure could be the traits a Renaissance writer associated with race. However, the analysis of other Shakespeare’s plays shows that this assumption is quite questionable. In Shakespearean tragedy, a protagonist always has a fatal flaw – Hamlet is indecisive, Romeo is impulsive, Macbeth is overly ambitious, and Othello is jealous. These flaws are often the only negative traits that Shakespeare assigns to these extremely virtuous characters. Othello perfectly fits this description, as his superiors and subordinates refer to him as valiant, noble, brave, and “great of heart” (Shakespeare 27, 53, 72, 203). Hence, Othello’s flaw proves that he belongs with the tradition of Shakespearean tragedy, rather than tells anything about the author’s racial attitude. The fall of Othello is another essential element of the classic tragedy. All Shakespeare’s tragic heroes die suffering – Macbeth is dethroned and beheaded, Romeo and Juliet commit suicide because they believe their love is dead, Lear loses his only loyal daughter and dies. It leads to the conclusion that Othello’s tragic end is not predetermined because of his race, but is an inevitable outcome for a heroin Shakespearean tragedy. Usually, Shakespeare gives most lines and soliloquies to the title characters in his plays. However, in this case, Iago, not Othello, is the character with the most lines. It could be argued that Othello’s race is the factor that made Shakespeare alter the traditional structure of the play. However, it is not necessarily indicative of the author’s racism. Racial bias existed in Elizabethan England, and introducing a Black protagonist from the beginning could prove to be a difficult task. Instead, by making Iago, in effect, a narrator, Shakespeare lets the public see Othello through his enemy’s eyes. As the story unfolds, and it becomes clear that Iago is a villain, the audience has no other choice but to accept Othello as the hero. Therefore, in Othello , Shakespeare challenges the traditional structure of the play, giving the public a chance to look at the events from the antagonist’s perspective. However, it does not undermine the importance of Othello’s character. On the contrary, by exposing Iago’s cowardice and vileness in intimate detail, Shakespeare ensures that the audience sides with Othello, despite any implicit bias it might have initially developed. Conclusion Shakespeare is often praised for writing plays that remain relevant in the modern world. Othello is one of the rare examples of Renaissance literature that tackles the problem of racism. For the first time in Elizabethan England, Shakespeare introduces a Black tragic hero who is noble and virtuous. Through the juxtaposition of Othello with racist characters, Shakespeare shows that one’s personality and values are not defined by race. Therefore, Othello can be considered one of the earliest examples of anti-racist literature in Western culture. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Othello. Yale University Press. 2005.

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Write an essay about: The essay discusses the problems associated with the use of antibiotics, outlining the ways in which they can be harmful to human health. It also offers a possible alternative to antibiotics in the form of bacteriophages.

The essay discusses the problems associated with the use of antibiotics, outlining the ways in which they can be harmful to human health. It also offers a possible alternative to antibiotics in the form of bacteriophages.

Antibiotics: More Harm Than Good? Annotated Bibliography Amadei, Steffanie S., and Vicente Notario. “A Significant Question in Cancer Risk and Therapy: Are Antibiotics Positive or Negative Effectors? Current Answers and Possible Alternatives.” Antibiotics , vol. 9, no. 9, 2020, p. 580. The authors of the study debate the usefulness of antibiotics for cancer patients, outlining the problems that their consumption causes. Namely, the aggravation of the condition of patients with cancer is mentioned, which directs the conversation toward the discussion of substitutes such as bacteriophages and the related treatment opportunities that cause lesser harm. Moreover, the problem of antibiotic resistance in patients is outlined as one of the key reasons for including bacteriophages in treatment options. The article can be considered an important addition to the arguments against antibiotics. Amarasiri, Mohan, Daisuke Sano, and Satoru Suzuki. “Understanding Human Health Risks Caused by Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG) in Water Environments: Current Knowledge and Questions to be Answered.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , vol. 50, no. 19, 2020, pp. 2016-2059. The authors of the article raise a very important point concerning the use of antibiotics as the standards method of reducing the threat of bacteria affecting an individual. Namely, the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the implications of ignoring them is explored in this research. The authors conclude that antibiotics may need to be substituted with the medications that would allow preventing the threats caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria as well. The specified article can be used to promote change in the current healthcare context not by removing antibiotics but by offering substitute options. Fiore, Marco, et al. “Nosocomial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Antibiotic Treatment in the Era of Multi-Drug Resistance Pathogens: A Systematic Review.” World Journal of Gastroenterology , vol. 23, no. 25, 2017, p. 4654. In another research that addresses some of the positive effects of antibiotics, this paper explores the idea of using the specified medication for treating the infections developed during the hospital stay. According to the research outcomes, using antibiotics in case of a nosocomial issue allows for curbing the development of a health complication at the earliest stage possible. As a result, massive health issues can be addressed by introducing post-surgery patients to antibiotic treatments. The article can be utilized to support the pre-antibiotic argument and specify the cases in which the use of antibiotics is inevitable. Notably, its focus on the existence of drug resistance pathogens allows exploring the issue in greater depth. Heta, Saimir, and Ilma Robo. “The Side Effects of the Most Commonly Used Group of Antibiotics in Periodontal Treatments.” Medical Sciences , vol. 6, no. 1, 2018, p. 6. This research is very direct in its intent, specifying the key adverse effects that antibiotics cause in patients. According to the authors, apart from the increasing resistance to their effects, regular consumption of antibiotics may result in nausea, gastrointestinal problems, diarrhea, stomatitis, and related health issues that are typical in patients that use antibiotics as a treatment option research explains. Therefore, the application of antibiotics needs to be reconsidered, with a careful evaluation of the patient’s health specifics. The article can be used as the basis for the promotion of change in the use and prescription of antibiotics. Hopkins, Heidi, et al. “Impact of Introduction of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria on Antibiotic Prescribing: Analysis of Observational and Randomised Studies in Public and Private Healthcare Settings.” BMJ , vol. 29, no. 356, 2017, pp. 1-8. Examining the problem of antibiotic susceptibility and considering the issues associated with the use of antibiotics in the context of managing malaria, the study provides a decent overview of the positive and negative effects of the specified treatment. As a result, opportunities for the further choice in using antibiotics when addressing similar concerns and fighting the threat of infections in vulnerable patients are introduced. The research provides a basis for making a decision concerning the application of antibiotics in the management of a specific health issue and serves as an important argument in considering the subject matter on a case-by-case basis. Hussein, Elsayed Os, et al. “Ameliorative Effects of Antibiotic-, Probiotic-and Phytobiotic-Supplemented Diets on the Performance, Intestinal Health, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Clostridium Perfringens-Infected Broilers.” Animals , vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, p. 669. Offering a different perspective, this paper argues that antibiotics should be considered as a legitimate treatment option. According to the results of the study, antibiotics still provide an unparalleled extent of infection prevention and management. In addition, the study shows that antibiotics lead to the desired outcomes faster than any other available treatments. Therefore, the study serves as a solid argument in favor of antibiotics, which means that it can be used as a counterargument against the established thesis statement. Works Cited Amadei, Steffanie S., and Vicente Notario. “A Significant Question in Cancer Risk and Therapy: Are Antibiotics Positive or Negative Effectors? Current Answers and Possible Alternatives.” Antibiotics , vol. 9, no. 9, 2020, p. 580. Amarasiri, Mohan, Daisuke Sano, and Satoru Suzuki. “Understanding Human Health Risks Caused by Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (ARB) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG) in Water Environments: Current Knowledge and Questions to be Answered.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology , vol. 50, no. 19, 2020, pp. 2016-2059. Fiore, Marco, et al. “Nosocomial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Antibiotic Treatment in the Era of Multi-Drug Resistance Pathogens: A Systematic Review.” World Journal of Gastroenterology , vol. 23, no. 25, 2017, p. 4654. Heta, Saimir, and Ilma Robo. “The Side Effects of the Most Commonly Used Group of Antibiotics in Periodontal Treatments.” Medical Sciences , vol. 6, no. 1, 2018, p. 6. Hopkins, Heidi, et al. “Impact of Introduction of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria on Antibiotic Prescribing: Analysis of Observational and Randomised Studies in Public and Private Healthcare Settings.” BMJ , vol. 29, no. 356, 2017, pp. 1-8. Hussein, Elsayed Os, et al. “Ameliorative Effects of Antibiotic-, Probiotic-and Phytobiotic-Supplemented Diets on the Performance, Intestinal Health, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Clostridium Perfringens-Infected Broilers.” Animals , vol. 10, no. 4, 2020, p. 669.

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Provide the inputted essay that when summarized resulted in the following summary : The 13th US Colored Infantry Regiment and Chaffin's Farm Battle Report (Assessment) discusses the history of the troop and highlights all the armed events at the Chaffin's Farm Battle in 1864.The 13th U.S.C.T. was formed in the city of Tennessee, Nashville, on the 19th of November, 1863 (Bearss and Suderow 35). It would be proper to mention that all the colored troops

The 13th US Colored Infantry Regiment and Chaffin's Farm Battle Report (Assessment) discusses the history of the troop and highlights all the armed events at the Chaffin's Farm Battle in 1864. The 13th U.S.C.T. was formed in the city of Tennessee, Nashville, on the 19th of November, 1863 (Bearss and Suderow 35). It would be proper to mention that all the colored troops

13th US Colored Infantry Regiment and Chaffin’s Farm Battle Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. History of the Troop 3. African Americans in the Civil War 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Several United States Colored Troops were organized during the civil war. As it becomes obvious from the name of the military groups, they consisted only of black men who were treated like slaves back in the 1860’s. The following paper will discuss the history of the 13th U.S.C.T. and highlight all the armed events at the Chaffin’s Farm Battle in 1864. History of the Troop The 13th U.S.C.T. was formed in the city of Tennessee, Nashville, on the 19th of November, 1863 (Bearss and Suderow 35). It would be proper to mention that all the colored troops were participating in the Civil War under the command of white officers. In this case, the unit that consisted only of black soldiers was controlled and navigated by Colonel John Hottenstein. The troop’s main goal was to defend the Northwestern Railroad in the state of Nashville (Horn 125). However, the objects changed several times. For instance, in 1965, the soldiers were obliged to protect the District of Etowah until 1965, whereas in 1866, they stood for the Middle District of Tennessee. During the 13th U.S.C.T.’s military service at their first location (the Northwestern Railroad in Nashville), they repulsed several attacks of American soldiers who attacked the city of Johnsonville that was situated nearby (Lovett 41). The most significant event that the group of soldiers was involved in is considered to be the Battle of Nashville that lasted only two days (December 15th – 16th, 1864). In several days, the troop took part in the Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River (17th – 19th of the same month). It would be proper to mention that approximately 355 soldiers (including 90 killed militaries and 265 participants who died because of various diseases and mortal infections) from the 13th U.S.C.T. were lost during the battles mentioned above. African Americans in the Civil War It is a well-known fact that many troops that consisted only of black men were participating in different military conflicts and events during the Civil War. The following section of the essay will discuss the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm (New Market Heights and Fort Harrison) that happened in 1864 in the state of Virginia. It would be proper to mention that the manner of the entire war changed before the battle as it was not as maneuver as at the beginning – the soldiers preferred to stay in their trenches. There were only two events that happened during the military conflict mentioned in the previous paragraph. The first one was at New Market Heights. Although the USA forces lost approximately 850 people against 50 soldiers from the CSA side, they had a chance to occupy the enemies’ positions at Fort Gregg (Lang 568). In general, the USA army that was under the command of contemporary general David Bell Birney had winning tactics, despite the tremendous losses that occurred during the battle. The second event of the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm was at Fort Harrison. At the same time, the American troop commanded by another general (George Stannard), attacked the location of Fort Harrison (Thompson 364). The soldiers crossed the field and waited for the perfect moment to attack, after which they rushed ahead and occupied the location. Unfortunately, approximately 3300 soldiers from the winning side died. Conclusion Many U.S.C.T.s were involved in different military conflicts between the two armies of CSA and USA. Unfortunately, the majority of black soldiers did not survive the war due to various diseases. The battle of Chaffin’s Farm was lost because the enemy’s army exceeded in the number of its soldiers. Works Cited Bearss, Edwin C., and Bryce A. Suderow. The Petersburg Campaign: The Western Front Battles, September 1864-April 1865 . 2nd ed., Savas Beatie, 2014. Horn, John. The Siege of Petersburg: The Battles for the Weldon Railroad, August 1864 . Savas Beatie, 2015. Lang, Andrew F. “Republicanism, Race, and Reconstruction: The Ethos of Military Occupation in Civil War America.” The Journal of the Civil War Era , vol. 4, no. 4, 2014, pp. 559–589. Lovett, Bobby L. “The Negros Civil War in Tennessee, 1861-1865.” The Journal of Negro History , vol. 61, no. 1, 1976, pp. 36–44. Thompson, Lauren K. “Escaping the Mechanism: Soldier Fraternization During the Siege at Petersburg.” Civil War History , vol. 63, no. 4, 2017, pp. 349–376.

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Write an essay about: The 2012 meningitis outbreak in the United States was caused by the activities of the New England Compounding Center (NECC). The company was informed about the investigation. In several days, all patients, who could have a connection with similar injections, were informed.

The 2012 meningitis outbreak in the United States was caused by the activities of the New England Compounding Center (NECC). The company was informed about the investigation. In several days, all patients, who could have a connection with similar injections, were informed.

2012 Meningitis Outbreak in the United States Essay Table of Contents 1. History 2. Commentary and Creativity 3. Future 4. References History It is wrong to neglect the fact that many different organizations around the whole world want to earn easy money. People want to perform their work and get benefits in a short period of time. In such a country as the United States, much attention is paid to control such situations. However, there are cases when it is not expected from a company to break the law or the norms when it is involved in such fields as medicine, healthcare, and pharmacology. Employees have to comprehend that millions of lives may depend on the quality of the work they perform. It is impossible and unethical to steal or cheat on people’s lives just to earn some money. Still, the outbreak of meningitis in 2012 proves that, unfortunately, there are companies that can take such dangerous steps. The activities of the New England Compounding Center (NECC) led to the outbreak of 753 cases of meningitis with 64 of them being fatal. People from more than 20 states underwent significant threats because of fungal meningitis. 1 The case ended with a serious trial of the owner and the main pharmacist of the company, Barry J. Cadden, and the up-to-life in a prison sentence. The investigation of a chronicle of the events that led to such an outcome should help to clarify the main reasons and comprehend the peculiarities of the case to avoid similar situations in the future. September 18, 2012 – The Tennessee Department of Health received the report where a 56-year-old patient with no evident risk factors was diagnosed with meningitis. 2 The only precedent that could be was his 46-day-earlier address to the center with lower back pain and the received epidural glucocorticoid injection. September 25, 2012 – seven more patients with meningitis from the same ambulatory surgical center were reported after the same type of injection. The investigation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that all vials of methylprednisolone acetate that were used for injections came from the same compounding pharmacy, the NECC. The company was informed about the investigation. September 27, 2012 – a North Caroline patient was diagnosed with subacute meningitis after the same injection. 2 In several days, all patients, who could have a connection with similar injections, were informed. October 4, 2012 – the microscopic evaluation of all NECC vials with methylprednisolone acetate occurred. October 18, 2012 – the representatives of the CDC and the FDA proved the presence of Exserohilum rostratum, the fungi Rhodotorula laryngitis, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and other types of fungi in all vials. 3 October 19, 2012 – all state health departments admitted that they contacted all patients at risk of having meningitis because of the injections. July 1, 2013 – 749 cases of meningitis with different complications, including the deaths of 8% of the patients in 20 states were reported. As soon as the fault of the company was proved, Barry J. Cadden was accused of numerous deaths. The trial related to the outbreak of meningitis took place at the federal level. 4 Cadden, as well as his wife, who performed the functions of another pharmacist, took responsibility for the deaths of people from different states. Commentary and Creativity In fact, the development of the events could be predicted and understood. The cases of meningitis are not frequent. Each time they occur, much attention is paid to clarify the reasons and identify the actual source of infection. The chronicles of the events in 2012 show that meningitis was not expected. It came from the company no one could even believe. However, at the same time, it is necessary to admit that some representatives of the surgical center where the first case of meningitis was observed in 2012 confessed that they decided to cooperate with the NECC because of low prices on the products and the possibility to buy everything in a short period. In the field of pharmacy, the conditions under which the NECC employees worked were appropriate. During the trial, Giamei was the first person to testify in a trial 4 . He underlined that he could hardly believe that the company could be responsible for so many deaths because each product was properly tested. The compounding center followed all federal guidelines. From pharmacy education, all pharmacists of the company were properly trained and tested before being employed. At the same time, the same witness, Giamei, discussed the peculiar feature of the organization and said that he had never seen the pharmacy laboratory but had to focus on promotions and sales. As well as Giamei, many other workers did not see the problem until the outbreak of 2012. Such a statement seems to be strange and unbelievable indeed. Pharmacology and microbiology are the fields where numerous tests and analyses should occur regularly. It is not enough to train people or make all employees follow the norms. It is also necessary to take responsibility for each decision and think about the professional improvements but not about financial benefits. Such organizations as the FDA and the CDC took all necessary steps and precautionary methods to protect people and underline the importance of public health. It is hard for people to deal with such health challenges alone. Therefore, the representatives of the FDA and the CDC demonstrated how it was necessary to organize the case, find the solution, and meet people’s needs. Future Many people want to know if it is possible to prevent such cases of meningitis or similar public health problems in the future. The answer is certainly yes. Still, people have to be ready to work hard and take responsibility. In its turn, the government has already demonstrated the intention to improve the situation and develop the regulations under which compounding pharmacies should work. President Obama signed the law within the frames of which it was possible to increase federal oversight and control medical and microbiological organizations 1 . There are also many other steps that not only the government, but ordinary people should take. First of all, people should stop thinking that good medicine and pharmacology can be cheap. If there is one or several companies offer cheap production without any reasons in comparison to millions of other organizations with the already established prices, some threats can occur. Today’s greed and the intention to save as much money as possible make many people take reckless steps and forget about such factors as safety, quality, and trust. Many companies are ready to provide their customers with guarantees. When something goes wrong, financial compensation turns out to be the best solution. Human life should be priceless. People may save on food, clothes, entertainment, and even education. However, when health is under consideration, no discussions should occur. The outbreak of meningitis in 2012 occurred due to the mistakes made by the representatives of the compounding pharmacy. People were accused and sentenced. Still, 64 deaths occurred. It is high time for people to start thinking about the outcomes of their pettiness in such fields as pharmacology and medicine. References 1. Enwemeka, Zeninjor. 7 things to know about the trial over deadly meningitis outbreak. Wbur News . 2017. Web. 2. Smith, RM, Schaefer, MK, Kainer, MA, et al. Fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone injections. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369(17): 1598-1609. Web. 3. Sulaiman, IM, Jacobs, E, Simpson, S, Kerdahi, K. Genetic characterization of fungi isolated from the environmental swabs collected from a compounding center known to cause multistate meningitis outbreak in United States using ITS sequencing. Pathogens. 2014; 3(3): 732-742. Web. 4. Valencia, MJ. NECC salesman testifies on fatal meningitis outbreak . The Boston Globe . 2017. Web.

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Write a essay that could've provided the following summary: 3D printing might be one of the most potentially life-changing technological advances of the last decade. Despite the lowered enthusiasm for 3D printing in the last few years, the benefits of this technology have been seen in many industries, and it has become an essential tool for small scale businesses.

3D printing might be one of the most potentially life-changing technological advances of the last decade. Despite the lowered enthusiasm for 3D printing in the last few years, the benefits of this technology have been seen in many industries, and it has become an essential tool for small scale businesses.

3D Printing: Pros and Cons Essay (Article) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Connection to Microeconomic Theory 3. Pros and Cons 4. Summary 5. Personal Opinion 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction 3D printing might be one of the most potentially life-changing technological advances of the last decade. Despite the lowered enthusiasm for 3D printing in the last few years, the benefits of this technology have been seen in many industries, and it has become an essential tool for small scale businesses. Desai and Magliocca covered the potential disruption of the copyright system by 3D printers in their article “3D Printers as the Next Intellectual Property Game Changer” (2013). This paper will evaluate the article and see how it connects to microeconomics. Connection to Microeconomic Theory One of the main points of the article is that 3D printing allows small businesses and private companies to manufacture parts and products that are virtually identical to those of large companies that would previously hold a monopoly on them (Magliocca & Desai, 2013). This fact brings up the theory of pure competition. According to the theory, in a pure competition, a large number of companies are manufacturing a homogenous product. The market in a pure competition is easy to enter and easy to exit. No one company has a power advantage, and every company has a full awareness of prices. In theory, 3D printing can facilitate pure competitions in markets that were previously dominated by large conglomerates. One of the simplest examples could be toy manufacturing. Toy companies rarely produce replacement parts for their toys, and when they do like in the case of scale model kits, the parts are very limited and are often overpriced. With the current quality of 3D printers, anyone skilled enough to operate the modeling software can create replacement parts or whole toys that are near-identical to the original. This advancement works directly against monopolies that hold unique rights to manufacture certain machine parts, and other similar products (Kirzner, 2015). Pros and Cons The pros and cons of the topic are relatively clear, and in part depend on the personal opinion of the current copyright system. The pros lie in the increased ease of entry into the market, as well as easier exit, reduced costs of manufacturing, increased the speed of prototyping, a lower barrier to entry for new employees, and the leveling of the playing field between large corporations and small businesses. Even in the short four years since the article was written, the number of practical uses of 3D printing became substantial enough to consider it an essential business tool. Beside basic manufacturing and prototyping, it is used in pharmaceutical production, building industry, and soon might be used for the creation of living tissue for organ transplantation (Bhushan & Caspers, 2017). One of the questionable aspects of 3D printing is the danger of loss of intellectual property. As the article points out, this invention requires a massive change in the copyright system to realize its full potential. On the one hand, the current copyright system is very flawed and is often abused by large companies and malicious individuals. If it is given priority, 3D printers will lose a lot of their competitive potential. However, if the system does not have any control over this technology, there would be no protection of the intellectual property in both the large and small companies. Another con might lie in individuals using 3D printers for the malicious activity like gun manufacturing. However, this type of printing often requires more effort and resources than a legal or illegal purchase of a firearm. Summary The article opens with general information on the capability of this technology at the time. The authors compare the quick advancement and loss in the price of 3D printers with the rise of the personal computers. The focus quickly shifts to the possible issues with intellectual property groups that might arise due to the abilities of this technology. The authors suggest that some form of legal protection is required for 3D printing to thrive. They describe the potential benefits of this technology, and its focus on customization. The main example of this is the shift in the market when machines allowed brewing espresso at home. The authors point out that the current copyright doctrine is based on the difficulty of replication of property. This difficulty is lowered through the use of 3D printers. The article ends with a hope that the Congress will provide protection to this technology and websites that host the models (Magliocca & Desai, 2013). Personal Opinion I have followed the development of the 3D printing technology since the creation of the first MakerBot 3D printer “Cupcake CNC” in 2009. This technology and its potential fascinated me, and I still see it as a major breakthrough in manufacturing. This article provides a slightly general approach to the topic without touching upon many of the particulars that have already been addressed by 2013. Although the current technology can create virtually identical replications or parts, this was not the case in 2013. There were some hard limitations related to the resolution of the printer and the structure of supports required for the models that prevented certain types of parts from being manufactured. The pace of price loss was also exaggerated as even today, 3D printers often cost more than a $1,000. However, these issues could be addressed, and they did not hurt the main point of the article. Conclusion 3D printing is an essential business tool. It could facilitate pure competition while preventing monopoly. Its abilities can have a disrupting effect on the copyright system, which makes the authors argue in its defense. It is a fascinating technology that could improve many lives in the future. References Bhushan, B., & Caspers, M. (2017). An overview of additive manufacturing (3D printing) for microfabrication. Microsystem Technologies , 23 (4), 1117-1124. Kirzner, I. (2015). Competition and entrepreneurship . Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Magliocca, D., & Desai, D. (2013, October 21). 3D printers as the next intellectual property game changer . Yahoo.com .

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: The text discusses the fashion brand's merchandising plan, including the target customer, key competitors, theme, price and size range, and works cited.

The text discusses the fashion brand's merchandising plan, including the target customer, key competitors, theme, price and size range, and works cited.

4 Chic Fashion Brand’s Merchandising Plan Essay Table of Contents 1. Target customer 2. Key Competitors 3. Theme 4. Price and Size Range 5. Works Cited Target customer The target customer for the 4 Chic brand is a female aged 25-30. She is an urban resident and lives an active lifestyle. The target customer can be an office worker who has various commitments outside of work, such as social events or sports. She enjoys shopping and likes to plan her outfits for the future, which is why she is looking for items that can be easily matched with accessories or other clothing. Key Competitors Sportmax is one of the major competitors of the new brand. It focuses on simple silhouettes with special details, such as ruffles and pleats, and offers items in a variety of color options. The prices for Sportmax items range between $300 and $750 for bottoms and tops and between $350 and $800 for dresses. One significant weakness of Sportmax is the limited variability of accessories, bags, and shoes offered in the store. Alexander Wang is another key competitor of the new brand. Similarly to Sportmax, Alexander Wang styles feature a lot of details, including lace, cuts, and ruffles. Moreover, the brand offers both casual and evening wear. A major advantage of Alexander Wang is the price structure, which allows every customer to find something appropriate for his or her budget. The price range is $195-$995 for tops, $295-$1,295 for dresses, and $495-$1,295 for bottoms. On the other hand, the abundance of details in Alexander Wang items can be a disadvantage for some customers, as they make most of the styles unsuitable for wearing to work. Finally, Jacquemus is a French brand that is also a potential competitor of 4 CHIC. Jacquemus tops cost between $450 and $540, whereas prices for bottoms range between $500 and $750. Dresses can be bought for $585-$660. One major advantage of Jacquemus for the target customer is that the brand’s items can be worn both to work and to social events. However, the limited number of styles available – only 3 to 5 in each category – can be a significant disadvantage of the brand. Theme The name of the chosen theme is “Water.” The theme is separated into three moods: peace water, water drops, and waterfalls. Such division suits the brand philosophy, “to be the real you,” by offering enough variability in styles and colorways to allow each customer to choose items that suit her mood and image. For instance, the brand will offer both classic silhouettes and styles fitted with special details, such as asymmetric styling, batwing sleeves, and pleats. The theme also responds to current trends in styles, fabrics, and colors. For instance, denim is among the key trends for Spring/Summer 2018, according to Pieri. Denim relates to the theme, as it is made from natural materials and comes in different shades of blue. The theme also allows responding to the latest trends in fabrics. As noted by ISPO, the next seasons will focus on combining human-made and natural materials. 4 CHIC will use both natural fabrics, such as cotton and silk, and human-made fabrics, such as mesh, chiffon, and jersey. Furthermore, the Water theme allows using the colors identified by Feitelberg as the leading Spring/Summer tones, including Sailor Blue 19-4034, Harbor Mist 14-4202, and Warm Sand 15-1214. Price and Size Range The price range of 4 CHIC will be similar to the ones offered by its key competitors. The prices of different items will depend mostly on the materials used and the complexity of style. For instance, dress prices will range between $350 and $800. Bottoms and tops will be offered at $250-350 and $80-$350, respectively. Jackets and coats will cost between $400 and $800. All items will be made in the traditional size range, including extra small, small, medium, and large sizes. Works Cited Feitelberg, Rosemary. “Pantone Lists 12 Leading Spring Colors.” WWD . 2017, Web. ISPO. “ISPO TEXTRENDS: This Is What the Sportswear of 2018/2019 Will Look Like.” ISPO Textrends , n.d., Web. Pieri, Kerry. “The Top 14 Trends from the Fall 2017 Runways.” Harper’s Bazaar . 2017, Web.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: Herodotus' The Histories is a pivotal work in the genre of historical writing as well as in Western literature in general. It is one of the earliest books known today dedicated to exploring the history and describing not only lifestyles and traditions of the society in which the author or his ancestors (Ancient Greece) lived but also lifestyles and traditions of different peoples and cultures that the author learned about in his travels.

Herodotus' The Histories is a pivotal work in the genre of historical writing as well as in Western literature in general. It is one of the earliest books known today dedicated to exploring the history and describing not only lifestyles and traditions of the society in which the author or his ancestors (Ancient Greece) lived but also lifestyles and traditions of different peoples and cultures that the author learned about in his travels.

9 Books of “The Histories” by Herodotus Essay (Book Review) Herodotus “The histories” Herodotus’ The Histories is a pivotal work in the genre of historical writing as well as in Western literature in general. It is one of the earliest books known today dedicated to exploring the history and describing not only lifestyles and traditions of the society in which the author or his ancestors (Ancient Greece) lived but also lifestyles and traditions of different peoples and cultures that the author learned about in his travels. Thus, Herodotus defined a historian not necessarily as someone who collects records about past battles or other significant events but rather one who travels and tells stories about the way people live, worship, and dress, the rituals they practice, and other aspects of their cultures. This vision of history later became largely influential. This review will address each of the book’s nine parts separately. One aspect that might surprise the reader exploring The Histories is that the author dedicates remarkable attention to describing mythological stories. It is important to understand that, for the Greeks, myths were not only a part of their religion in the modern sense but also part of their historical heritage; in other words, their mythology was in some respects their history. In Book One, Herodotus describes the abduction of Helen, wife of the king of Sparta, by Paris, a Trojan prince, causing the Trojan War. Herodotus interprets this well-known story in a more historical vein, eliminating elements of supernatural intervention and making his interpretation closer to history than mythology. Many other myths are told in Book One, along with accounts from the Persian Empire where Herodotus had traveled. Book Two begins with the conquest of Egypt and a description of an experiment that exemplifies Herodotus’ writing: storytelling instead of merely recording dates and events. The new Egyptian king, Psammetichus, decided to find out what language was the most ancient, and the experiment he conducted involved isolating two newly born children from any language by prohibiting their caretakers from pronouncing any words in their presence as they were growing up. The king wanted to see what language the children would eventually speak. At some point, the children started pronouncing the word “becomes,” which turned out to be the Phrygian word for bread. Based on this, the king declared that the Phrygians were the most ancient race. In further accounts of Egypt, Herodotus acts not only as a historian but also as a geographer and biologist: He describes the land of Egypt as well as the animals living there that are unknown to the Greeks, both real (such as crocodiles and hippopotami) and fictional (such as phoenixes). Book Three is mostly dedicated to the Persian conquest and rule of Egypt. However, this part of The Histories is also dedicated to peoples of whom the ancient Greeks knew very little, such as the Indians. Herodotus stresses that there are different tribes of Indians having dramatically different lifestyles and traditions. Some are cruel, such as the so-called Padaians who kill any member of their tribe who falls ill, feasting on his or her flesh so that this ill person does not waste their resources. In contrast, other tribes are nonviolent; moreover, they never kill any living creatures, and they do not breed cattle or sow crops but rather eat herbs and do not even build houses. In many other stories about remote peoples, Herodotus tries to introduce to the Western reader as much of the information he has learned from Persian sources as possible. Book Four is dedicated to the history of the Scythians and partially to the history of North Africa. Scythians were nomads who lived in different parts of Eurasia for centuries and came into contact with many other cultures, including the Persian culture, from which Herodotus was able to learn about them. He describes the Scythians’ traditions, some of which sound brutal, such as putting out the eyes of anyone they capture in their conquests or inserting a bone tube into a mare’s anus to lower the udder when milking the mare. The author describes these people as strong and persistent warriors; their conquests are said to have been so fierce that “every man [in the opposing army] forgot he was a soldier and fled” (241). When writing about North Africa, as in the description of Egypt in Book Two, Herodotus describes not only people and events but also the fauna of the places discussed. Book Five is dedicated to a certain period in the history of Greece. From this book, one can learn that ancient Greeks did not comprise a single nation; at different times, the people called “Ancient Greeks” today were separated into distinct groups that were often at war with one another. For example, the Thracian race is described as divided into different tribes, and Herodotus warns that if united, they would be one of the strongest military forces because the Thracians are the second most numerous race in the world after the Indians. Also, this book introduces a Macedonian king named Alexander who should not be confused with Alexander the Great; the latter lived decades after Herodotus’ death. Book Six describes the defeat of the revolt in Asia Minor against the Persian rule, to which part of the previous book is dedicated. Furthermore, this book reflects on the history of the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece: Athens and Sparta. Finally, the book contains a description of the famous Battle of Marathon between the Athenian and Persian armies. The Spartans came too late to participate in the battle; however, they came to the site of the battle and “praised the Athenians on their good work” (404) after looking at the dead bodies. In Book Seven, further events in the confrontation between the Greeks and the Persians are described. In particular, it refers to the expedition of King Xerxes. Xerxes has doubts about invading Greece, but he is eventually convinced that Greece should be attacked, and thus, he starts preparing for a new war. In this war, the Greek forces were separated, as some city-states joined the Persians. Additionally, another famous battle—the Battle of Thermopylae—is described, in which an outnumbered Greek army led by King Leonidas of Sparta resisted the powerful Persian army for three days, blocking a pass leading to the Greek territories. The story about 300 Spartans is based on Herodotus’ description of the battle. Book Eight documents further events in the history of the second invasion of Greece, led by Xerxes. Two key events here are the Battle of Salamis and the Battle of Artemisium, both occurring on the sea. Artemisia, the queen of a Greek city-state that allied itself with the Persians, played a particular role in these battles. The queen personally commanded several ships during these conflicts, and Herodotus seems to praise her skills as a military leader, noting that Xerxes certainly respected her. The author calls her participation in the invasion “a marvel” and stresses that she was led by her “own spirit of adventure and manly courage… only” (447). Book Eight also describes the rescue of Delphi and the abandonment of Athens. Finally, Book Nine continues documenting the second Persian invasion of Greece. Two key events described in this part of The Histories are the Battle of Plataea and the Battle of Mycale, which together ended the invasion and marked both the victory of the Greeks and the destruction of the Persian army. Highlights include the murder of Masistius, “a distinguished Persian officer” (561) who commanded the Persian cavalry, by the Athenians after abandoned Athens was taken for the second time. Another highlight involves the author’s descriptions of relationships in Xerxes’ family. The king seduced his sister-in-law—the wife of his brother Masistes—and her daughter. The king’s wife Amestris cruelly ordered the torture and mutilation of Masistes’ wife. Masistes tried to revolt but was killed by Xerxes’ order. At the end of the book, the Persians acknowledge the Greeks’ victory and leave. Herodotus’ The Histories is a collection of both historical records and stories about the ways people lived, not only in Greece before the author was born but also far away, in Persia, Egypt, and even India. The nine books of this work have been highly appreciated by specialists in ancient literature and historians alike who lived and worked during the centuries that followed Herodotus’ time, including historians today.

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Convert the following summary back into the original text: In 1886, the U.S. Supreme Court said that where the public has a definitive interest in a business, the state can regulate it.The Native Americans hunted (buffalos), but the Nativ - Write a 2 sentences summary of the essay in the previous text that would also make a good title. In 1886, the U.S. Supreme Court said that where the public has a definitive interest in a business, the state can regulate it.

In 1886, the U.S. Supreme Court said that where the public has a definitive interest in a business, the state can regulate it. The Native Americans hunted (buffalos), but the Nativ - Write a 2 sentences summary of the essay in the previous text that would also make a good title. In 1886, the U.S. Supreme Court said that where the public has a definitive interest in a business, the state can regulate it.

A History Textbook by George Lee: Disadvantages and Advantages Essay Fry’s Readability Assessment The Fry’s test involves taking three random quotes from a book, 100 words each, and counting the average number of sentences and syllables in them; the results are then assessed according to a table (Schrock, 2016). The First Passage In Europe, radical movements were spreading, and violence was threatened by communists, syndicalists, and anarchists. A few were in America, but their approach was favored by only a tiny percentage of the people. Instead of overthrowing capitalism, Americans preferred to restrict those who abused the system. In the Midwest, where farmers were powerful, some states began to pass the “Granger laws” that set limits on what railroads and grain storage companies could change. In Munn vs. Illinois , the U.S. Supreme Court said that where the public has a definite interest in a business, the state can regulate it. In 1886, the… (Lee, 2006, p. 28) The Second Passage Farmers sympathized with workers whose strikes against big businesses were being beaten down by courts, militia, and on occasion by federal troops. One man wrote: “We have so much regard for the rights of property that we have forgotten the liberties of the individual.” After the Civil War, farm protest movements emerged. The first was the Patrons of Husbandry (1867), created by O.H. Kelley. Usually called the Grange, it got control of some state legislatures and pushed through the “Granger laws,” which restricted rates charged by railroads and grain elevators. These were later ruled unconstitutional. Many Grangers eventually joined the greenback … (Lee, 2006, p. 30) The Third Passage The day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, long lines gathered in front of recruiting stations, and in Washington, FDR gave an eloquent speech to Congress proclaiming December 7 a “date which will live in infamy.” By a unanimous vote, the Senate voted for the war, and only one House member voted against the war. The debate over whether the United States should enter the war was over, and very few Americans did not give it full support. As Japanese Admiral Yamamoto had feared when the government decided to attack Pearl Harbor, “we have only awakened a sleeping giant, and his reaction will…” (Lee, 2006, p. 74) Assessment Thus, the first passage contains 164 syllables and ≈5.2 sentences; the second passage has 160 syllables and ≈6.5 sentences; the third passage includes 163 syllables and 4.8 sentences (note: in the third passage, the last sentence containing the long quote was counted as two sentences because the quote distinctly stands out from the rest of the sentence). The average number of syllables in 100 words is 162.3, and the average number of sentences is 5.5. This corresponds to the 12 th grade (Schrock, 2016). Cloze Passage The Cloze Test Based on Lee (2006, p. 16) Choose one word from the list for each gap: 1. The Native Americans hunted (buffalos), but the Native American boy knew that white-skinned men did not do so. 2. In Native American tribes, (chiefs) were the most important people, but they were not in control of the tribes. 3. Native Americans did not know how to make (rifles), and these weapons, which they called “firesticks,” from Whites. 4. According to the rulings of the White people, Native Americans had to live in (reservations) – limited territories that were assigned to them by the Whites. 5. Whites often massacred Native Americans to conquer their territories. But when a white captain boasted that he could wipe out the Sioux people with 80 men, the Native Americans set a (trap) for him. He fell into it and was defeated. 6. Whites often made Native Americans sign (treaties); but eventually, Whites always violated their conditions. 7. Because of the injustice of the White people, Native Americans had bitter feelings, and a serious (conflict) was developing among the races. Words: note, conflict, clock, kangaroo, treaty, rocket, rifle, buffalo, reservation, president, farm, chief, trap, debate. Results The first student answered the questions 2, 3, 5, and 7 correctly; 4 correct answers out of 7, or ≈57%. The second student answered the questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 correctly; 6 correct answers out of 7, or ≈86%. On average, the number of correct answers is 72%, which falls into the category “independent.” Discussion Cloze Test and Fry’s Assessment The results from the cloze assessment and Fry’s test are very different; the administration of the cloze to the 8 th -grade students demonstrated that they can show quite high performance when taking the cloze test based on Lee (2006), whereas, according to the Fry’s test, Lee (2006) can be recommended only to 12 th -grade students. Simultaneously, the cover of the textbook states that the book can be used for 6 th -grade students and higher. The discrepancy can be explained by the fact that the evaluated samples are small, which causes low statistical credibility; the results could have been obtained by chance. Also, both tests are rather approximate. Assessment According to Garinger (2002) The evaluation of the textbook according to Garinger (2002) can be found in Appendix 1. 11 positive and 5 negative answers were obtained in the assessment, making the book a choice which is perhaps better than average. Content, Format, Utility, and Style Various tools can be used to analyze a textbook (Morgan & Henning, 2013); in this section, the content, format, utility, and style of the textbook will be assessed. The content of the book is simple, which can be useful in 8 th grade; however, it is often somewhat primitive and one-sided, which negatively affects the possibility to engage in critical thinking, in particular, in synthesis and evaluation (Fathnejat, 2014). The first passage is an example: anarchist movements and syndicates are viewed as a dangerous and purely European phenomenon, whereas the existence of a major force such as IWW, which was founded in Chicago, is ignored. This may simplify the students’ understanding of social resistance (Fine, 2006) The format of a textbook plays a crucial role in students’ understanding (Harniss, Caros, & Gersten, 2007). The format in Lee (2006) is rather simple; short texts describing events are followed by a timeline demonstrating key events; then, several activities, topics for essays, questions related to the topic, and national standard correlations, as well as links to additional materials are provided. This allows for effective usage of the provided materials and further exploration of the topic. The utility of the book is rather high; the information is presented effectively, further information can easily be found, and it is convenient to organize the lessons based on the book. Furthermore, the book is cheap and can be partially reproduced for students, which allows for its use in the situation when there is a dearth of financing. The style of the textbook appears quite simple, despite the results of Fry’s test. The texts are rather interesting and should be easy to understand for the students. Conclusion Thus, the textbook by Lee (2006) has some disadvantages: somewhat primitive content; the recommended use for the 12 th , not 8 th , grade, according to the Fry’s test; only 11 positive marks (out of 16) in the test by Garinger (2002), etc. However, the book also appears to have several significant advantages that may justify its use in the classroom, although it should be recommended to use additional materials as well. References Fathnejat, Z. J. F. (2014). Content analysis of guidance school history textbooks based on Bloom’s classification of cognitive domain. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5 (9), 296-308. Fine, M. (2006). Bearing witness: Methods for researching oppression and resistance–a textbook for critical research. Social Justice Research, 19 (1), 83-108. Garinger, D. (2002). Textbook selection for the ESL classroom . Web. Harniss, M., Caros, J., & Gersten, R. (2007). Impact of the design of U.S. history textbooks on content acquisition and academic engagement of special education students: An experimental investigation. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40 (2), 100-110. Lee, G. (2006). U.S. History: People and Events: 1865–Present. Grades 6+ . Quincy, IL: Mark Twain Media. Morgan, K., & Henning, E. (2013). Designing a tool for history textbook analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 14 (1), 1-21. Schrock, K. (2016). Readability information and resources . Web. Appendix 1 The textbook by Lee (2006) can be evaluated according to Garinger (2002, p. 2) as follows: Note: the book is a part of a series; for instance, the book with the same name and author, but related to a different period (1607-1865), can be purchased via Amazon, rather cheaply. The textbook in question is quite cheap and available as well; it also can be bought in e-format from Google Books, and it is permitted to copy it for students who are taking a course based on it.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: The essay discusses a new weapon used against youth, which is the misuse and ignorance of modern technologies. The consequences of this challenge for Arabs and other nations are discussed, as well as whether or not this challenge can be addressed. The conclusion is that young people's consciousness should be discussed as often as possible, as they have equal odds of saving or destroying the society in the future.

The essay discusses a new weapon used against youth, which is the misuse and ignorance of modern technologies. The consequences of this challenge for Arabs and other nations are discussed, as well as whether or not this challenge can be addressed. The conclusion is that young people's consciousness should be discussed as often as possible, as they have equal odds of saving or destroying the society in the future.

A New Weapon Used Against Youth Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Young People and Modern Technologies: Misuse and Ignorance 3. What are the Consequences for Arabs and Other Nations? 4. Can this Challenge be Addressed? 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction There is no doubt that all the people using the benefits that society can give should do their best to secure its successful future. Although it affects people of all ages, I believe that it is extremely important to consider this issue concerning the younger generation. The society is ruled by adult people, and they act as the presence of our society; according to this logic, younger people are our future, and this is why numerous issues related to them are so important. I strongly believe that young people’s consciousness should be discussed as often as possible; they have equal odds of saving or destroying the society in the future as it all depends upon the external influence that they experience when their personalities are shaping. Our century can be called a century of unlimited opportunities but many fruits of technological advancement are used in the wrong way. Unfortunately, many young people in Saudi Arabia and all over the world tend to use modern information technologies without thinking, and such a state of things can lead our society to serious troubles. Young People and Modern Technologies: Misuse and Ignorance Young people present a real power that can contribute either to the survival or to degradation of society. Nowadays, all the people who care about the future of their countries believe that a lot of attention should be paid to teaching the younger generation to discern good things from the bad ones. One of the most difficult issues connected to youth culture is their lack of consciousness when it comes to the use of modern means of communication and other things that were invented to promote knowledge among the masses of people and share the information that can help us to change our lives for better. The rise of technologies such as radio and television broadcasting, and then the Internet and social media was an important process that could take place only due to the efforts made by hardworking and talented people of the past centuries. In the very beginning, technological development was supposed to propel the humanity to the next level, help to decrease or estrange illiteracy over the world, and become a power that would be able to unite the humanity and let different nations to share their experiences. It seemed to be a really good idea; due to these efforts humanity got many opportunities that could facilitate its development. Nevertheless, every coin has two sides; with time, new technologies and social media have become a source of money for some influential people. Nowadays, these information mediums are mostly used not to provide people with new knowledge and encourage them to grow personally but to entertain them and distract their attention from the sensitive issues to the far-fetched ones. Worse still, it is quite easy to deceive the majority of young people, offering them something that looks good but has no meaning. Unfortunately, modern mass media can have an enormous influence on our personalities and this undeniable fact makes this situation a real catastrophe. There are a lot of ways to change the mindset of those who use the Internet. We all know that deep thinking can take a lot of energy; to some extent, willingness to decrease mental activity is one of the natural mechanisms preventing us from overworking. Bearing that in mind, different people create social network trends that can change young people’s attitudes towards their countries and parents, promote selfishness, and make them live by many pseudo-values. It often happens that the lives of those who contribute a lot of time to using social networks turn into a senseless race; what is worse, many people still do not see this problem. In their opinion, everyone should be given the right to define their own goals. Of course, freedom to act at will is extremely important but the situation is quite different when it comes to young people who are easy to manipulate. The misuse of the Internet and media by young people remains one of the most urgent problems of our society. Although some people tend to underestimate its significance, the present situation indicates that young people are becoming less interested in gaining new knowledge and becoming many-sided people. Instead, the Internet serves as entertainment; a wide range of programs and services can be used to entertain them, and it often makes people addicted (Buckingham & Willett, 2013, p.9). I believe that all the goals of using the Internet that does not involve thinking to constitute a public danger. It may sound too categorical but it is enough to inspect the conduct of people spending a lot of their time using the Internet (not for work) to make sure that the consequences of this misuse are devastating. In modern society, we often tend to avoid discussing this problem, as its consequences are not visible at once. Many types of dangerous content can be found on the Internet. It includes pornography, photos, and videos depicting violence against animals and people, materials encouraging smoking and drug addiction, and many others (Weber & Dixon, 2016,p. 234). What is more, the Internet can be used for wasting time and money playing online games of chance. Apart from that, many sites and social media allow users to keep their names a secret; in many cases, it encourages some of the users to start uttering threats to someone they hate. As for these purposes of using the Internet, their negative influence is quite clear. The matter becomes more questionable when it comes to the regular use of social networks. On the one hand, there is nothing bad as you can communicate with your friends or relatives who are far away. Nevertheless, there is a certain mindset promoted with the help of social media; actually, they teach young people to judge everyone by appearances, assert themselves by underestimating other people, and adhere to more materialistic values. Thus, young people should be very careful, they should analyze if there is a negative influence that they do not notice; in other cases, our society is going to experience a degradation undermining everything that was created by our ancestors. What are the Consequences for Arabs and Other Nations? What are the consequences of young people’s ignorance and misuse of modern media? It is possible to list plenty of spheres that will be affected in the case of our inactivity; even worse, its consequences can spell a disaster for future generations. The discussed problem is severely connected to the cultural decay that is already taking place all over the world. Frankly speaking, the society of our country is not an exception; the effects of media misuse are so devastating that they can negatively influence even those raised in cultures with strong traditions and religious beliefs. It is really hard to start addressing the issue until there are people who see no problem in modern mass media situation. In their opinion, serious harm can be inflicted only when someone menaces them with a gun. To me, it is a real problem that they cannot see that a lot of information distributed in social media every day is also a weapon. The only thing that helps this influence to stay unnoticed is that a gun can kill a person immediately whereas harmful information is a time-delay weapon. Consequently, its effects are usually seen when it is too late to change something. I believe that the discussed problem can prevent modern children from forming a mindset based on moral values peculiar to our culture and the ones common within humanity. Its negative effects can also affect our children’s sense of national identity, making them see Arabic culture and heritage as a relic of the past. If we speak about moral values, they remain the factor preventing our society from a breakdown. To keep people together and make the nation stronger, it is extremely important to raise children who always have good intentions and want to do something that will bring benefits not only to themselves but to everyone connected to them. However, this situation severely differs from the real one when our children grow up keeping in mind that a dog eats dog. If we change nothing, we are going to face a significant decay in morals in a short period. As for our culture, it may not seem obvious but many modern Arabs using social media tend to pay too much attention to the values peculiar to the Western world. In themselves, these values cannot be called good or bad; the problem is that they make Arab youth deny the importance of preserving the culture of their nation and their traditional mindset. These long-term consequences present a strong reason to start searching for the solution. Can this Challenge be Addressed? It is very important to pay more attention to young people and children’s consciousness when it comes to the use of media as it can help us to keep the society healthy. Fortunately, there are a lot of young people who know how to use media and the Internet to evolve their intelligence. As for me, I know that sometimes it is hard to understand the influence produced by something found on the Internet; nevertheless, it remains critical to teach young people and children how to identify harmful ideas through the disguise. To be more precise, I believe that the most important step to take should be implementing the information on the proper use of the Internet at schools. What is more, this knowledge should be illustrated with many examples to make children and teenagers understand the risks. I suppose that it is going to increase the consciousness of the younger generation, especially if they trust their teachers. Conclusion To conclude, the importance of the discussed issue cannot be overestimated as the younger generation is everything for society. Although many younger people tend to use media and the Internet without thinking, the situation can be ameliorated if we involve many experienced teachers able to explain and increase the level of their consciousness. References Buckingham, D., & Willett, R. (2013). Digital generations: Children, young people, and the new media . New York, NY: Routledge. Weber, S., & Dixon, S. (2016). Growing up online: Young people and digital technologies . New York, NY: Springer.

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Provide a essay that could have been the input for the following summary: The discoveries in the research of stem cell properties have transformed approach to the treatment of multiple diseases. Nowadays, several types of stem cells are distinguished – totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, etc. – and they all differ in their capacity to differentiation and proliferation.

The discoveries in the research of stem cell properties have transformed approach to the treatment of multiple diseases. Nowadays, several types of stem cells are distinguished – totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, etc. – and they all differ in their capacity to differentiation and proliferation.

A Promising Prognosis in Stem Cell Therapy Research Paper The discoveries in the research of stem cell properties have transformed approach to the treatment of multiple diseases. Nowadays, several types of stem cells are distinguished – totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, etc. – and they all differ in their capacity to differentiation and proliferation. The investigation of adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is of increasing interest as these cells have the most potential for the restoration of myocardial infarction-induced tissue damages. The application of cell-based therapy in the treatment of cardiac disorders is underinvestigated, but the recent clinical research findings already reveal some promising results. It is possible to define stem cells as the structures capable of transforming into functionally active cells. A stem cell can grow into a hepatocyte, a nephrocyte, a cardiomyocyte, etc. (Kin et al., 2013). By their nature, stem cells serve as reserve material needed for the formation of new cells replacing dead or damaged ones. The main property of any stem cell is its potency which is defined by the level of its differentiation and proliferation (Kin et al., 2013). The potency is the strictly limited cell’s capability to be transformed into particular types of cells. The larger number of cell types can derive from a stem cell, the greater its potency. For example, fibroblasts can transform into endothelial cells and adipocytes while mesenchymal stem cells can form cardiomyocytes, muscle fibers, etc. (Kin et al., 2013) It means that each stem cell can transform into a limited spectrum of cells which share a set of similar qualities and functions. Based on such limitations in potency, stem cells are divided into totipotent (transforming into all kinds of organ and tissue cells), pluripotent (transforming into several types of organ cells), and unipotent (transforming into cells of one particular organ). Totipotent Stem Cells (TSCs) Totipotency is the property of embryonic stem cells that comprise an organism up to the eight-cell stage of embryogenesis. It is impossible to obtain TSCs in the natural conditions and, nowadays, they are cultivated in vitro through artificial fertilization. TSCs are primarily used in animal experiments and organ engineering. Although the first embryonic mouse stem cell was isolated over twenty years ago, there is still no sufficient evidence that their implantation in a human body can be efficient in the treatment of chronic diseases (Krause, Schneider, Jaquet, & Kuck, 2010). Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) Embryonic PSCs PSCs develop at the late phase of embryogenesis when stem cells become “specialized to give rise to only a specific family of cells” (Sharma, Voelker, Sharma, & Reddy, 2012). At the later stages of embryo development, the segregation of primary organ structures and tissues commences. These elementary structures consequently become the basis for the development of all body organs, and evolvement of mesenchymal, neural, blood, and connective tissue PSCs. Adult PSCs Throughout the life span, cells of the human body go through life cycles of death and renewal. The restoration of lost cells is possible due to cambial elements – proliferating tissue-specific cell populations in the skin, intestine, muscles, red bone marrow, liver, and brain (Kin et al., 2013). Recently, researchers isolated adults’ cells which are capable of differentiating not only in tissue-specific directions but in the cells of other origins in multiple organs (Kin et al., 2013). The discovery of adult stem cells helps to take a look at the issues of tissue renewal from a different perspective and change the conception of cellular and genetic therapy. The research of adult PSCs and their impact on recovery processes is one of the most topical tasks, and the significance of research studies in this area is emphasized by the opportunity to use stem cell technologies in the treatment of different cardiac diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) MSCs are regarded as the major elements of cell-based therapy. They are pluripotent and can be differentiated into bone, fat, muscle, neural, and other cells. The main source of MSCs is bone marrow but recently they were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and cord blood. The advantage of MSCs’ use in treatment is the opportunity to implant the patient’s genetic material and avoid an adverse immune reaction and rejection of transplant (Sharma et al., 2012). Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) Myocardium-derived cellular elements can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelium (Sharma et al., 2012). Transplantation of such cells in the area of myocardial infarction leads to the development of new cells in the damaged zone. As a result, the organ functions can be substantially restored. However, the methods of CSC isolation are very complex and are associated with the destruction of heart muscular tissue. Induced PSCs (iPSCs) Induced PCSs are cultivated from non-pluripotent cells through the process of enforced inducement which implies gene or protein transcription under the influence of particular induction factors and transition of genetic material via viral vectors (Kobayashi, Nagao, & Nakajim, 2013). It is considered that iPSCs are identical to natural PSCs. However, it is observed that the cells cultivated by viral transfection are prone to the occurrence of oncologic diseases (Kobayashi et al., 2013). Therefore, researchers make efforts to find other methods of gene transition needed for the development of healthy stem cells. Stem Cell Therapy: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMF) AMF triggers abrupt discontinuation of the coronary circulation. As a result, irreversible destruction of heart muscle cells occurs. The extent of cell death due to AMF is proportionally correlated with the diameter of an impaired blood vessel in which blood circulation stops. Present-day methods of treatment do not target the loss of tissue caused by AMI, and the researchers consider that bone marrow-derived stem cell treatment can significantly enhance the overall treatment outcomes – improve heart function and delay the progression of disorder (Clifford et al., 2012). Another group of researchers investigated iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes AMI therapy. Santoso and Yang (2016) found that the iPSC therapy provokes such challenges as low cell survival rate, low level of cell engraftment, and “nonsustained contractility” as well as the difficulties in the monitoring of injected cells’ viability (p. 1). The common cell delivery techniques are intracoronary stem cell injection and intramyocardial injection. The intracoronary method includes percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the use of an “over-the-wire balloon with central lumen placed at the desired position” (Sharma et al., 2012). Intracoronary injection of cells is administered up to six times and the surgeons artificially stop blood flow to increase cell retention. The intramyocardial injection is an invasive procedure. However, it is associated with a higher level of organ engraftment (Krause et al., 2010). It is possible to say that bone marrow-derived stem cell (including MSCs) treatment can be regarded as a better option for AMI intervention because MSCs demonstrate a significant capacity of myocardial repair (Sharma et al., 2012). The meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies conducted by Clifford et al. (2012) makes it clear that along with moderate heart function improvement, it is associated with reduced safety concerns although “does not decrease mortality..significantly in the long-term follow-up” (p. 4). The recent breakthroughs in stem cell research have a positive impact on the development of effective interventions for various diseases. However, despite the great potential of PCS-based therapy in the restoration of myocardium damages, the further investigation of best cell type and best delivery technique issues is needed. References Clifford, D. M., Fisher, S. A., Brunskill, S. J., Doree, C., Mathur, A., Clarke, M. J., &… Martin-Rendon, E. (2012). Long-Term effects of autologous bone marrow stem cell treatment in acute myocardial infarction: Factors that may influence outcomes. Plos ONE , 7 (5), 1-9. Web. Kin, T., Pelaez, D., Fortino, V., Greenberg, J., & Cheung, H. (2013). Pluripotent adult stem cells: A potential revolution in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering . In D. Bhartiya & N. Lenka (Eds.), Pluripotent stem cells . Web. Kobayashi, H., Nagao, K., & Nakajim, K. (2013). Human testis – derived pluripotent cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent Stem Cells . Web. Krause, K., Schneider, C., Jaquet, K., & Kuck, K. (2010). Potential and clinical utility of stem cells in cardiovascular disease. Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications SCCAA, 49. Web. Santoso, M. R., & Yang, P. C. (2016). Magnetic nanoparticles for targeting and imaging of stem cells in myocardial infarction. Stem Cells International , 1-9. Web. Sharma, R., Voelker, D., Sharma, R., & Reddy, H. (2012). Understanding the application of stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications SCCAA, 29. Web.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: The essay discusses the success of Snow, a Snapchat clone designed and rolled in South Korea. It became popular due to its Asia-specific features and the fact that showbiz stars used it.

The essay discusses the success of Snow, a Snapchat clone designed and rolled in South Korea. It became popular due to its Asia-specific features and the fact that showbiz stars used it.

A South Korean Copy of Snapchat Report Summary of Article: Who/What is the article about? What is happening? When did it happen? Where is did it happen? Why is it happening? The author describes a Snapchat clone, Snow, designed and rolled in South Korea. Like Snapchat, the smartphone application offers numerous options for making funny photos adding filters such as glowing eyes, dog ears, and tongues, bulbous foreheads, etc. However, unlike the social network originally launched in the USA, it includes Asia-specific filters such as a rain of sushi or fried chicken, images of sumo wrestlers and Korean pop stars, bottles of soju and Korean liquor. Snow was introduced in September. As for now, more than 30 million users downloaded it. There are several reasons leading to its growing popularity. First of all, Snapchat is not available in one of the region’s leading Internet markets – China. That is why Chinese people enjoy using the analog. Second, Snow is Asia-specific, so it is psychologically acceptable. Moreover, it offers an opportunity to send short videos. In addition to it, the app is popular among showbiz starts. That is why ordinary people started downloading it. Finally, Snapchat did not overcome the language barrier because it does not have Asian offices and local-language versions are still being developed while Snow does not face this problem since it was designed in Asia and focused on the Asian market. Author’s Position: What is the author’s take on this current event issue? The author’s take on Snow can be seen in the first sentence of the article – the images and messages are self-destructing. However, the primary focus is made on the start-up market and the idea that there is no guarantee of going global and monopolistic without taking into consideration local peculiarities as well as there is always a threat of introducing similar products, which can become a greater success due to the size of regional markets. Moreover, Snow’s success can serve as an example for Asian start-ups proving that breaking out of home markets is not always the best option for development. Relate to Class Material: How does this topic relate to this week’s class material? The article describing the success of Snow is closely related to this week’s class material. First of all, it highlights the impact of social networks on our lives and the stereotypes it imposes. One of the reasons for the Snow’s growing popularity was the fact that showbiz stars used it. So, it reflects the belief that following a particular lifestyle (using some mobile apps in this case) is acceptable and creates an image of popularity and coolness. Furthermore, it points to the link between technology and the economy as well as innovation and marketing. Snow has become popular because it is focused on the Asian market and, in fact, it introduced Asia-specific features earlier than Snapchat managed to develop them and offer local-language versions of the app. It means that economic success in the sector of innovations is determined by the speedy and decisive actions aimed at filling specific market niches. Finally, the topic reflects the role of regulations in technology and the economy. Because Snapchat is censored in China, Snow has got an opportunity to grow popular and fill this gap. Because people cannot use Snapchat, they will definitely download and enjoy Snow. Class material * How social-network affect our life; * Innovation and marketing; * How should we use social network; * The relationship between technology and the economy.

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Write the full essay for the following summary: The text discusses the 7-Eleven chain of convenience stores and how they can cut costs to compete with large supermarkets. One way they can do this is by cutting advertising costs, as they don't need much advertising to attract customers.

The text discusses the 7-Eleven chain of convenience stores and how they can cut costs to compete with large supermarkets. One way they can do this is by cutting advertising costs, as they don't need much advertising to attract customers.

7-Eleven Chain: Convenience Stores Coursework The major convenience store in the town is 7-Eleven chain. Its products include mainly the goods of everyday use that can be purchased quickly and conveniently in a store near a home. 7-Eleven has various costs that can be associated with the product, such as delivery of goods, their storage, customer service, maintaining its stores, store cleaning, etc. In order to compete with large supermarkets, 7-Eleven can cut some of its costs. The major type of cost to cut is advertising cost because the chain does not need much advertising. It has stores all over the US and people use them mainly due to their convenience and being located close to homes and offices. There is no need in attracting customers with advertisements located everywhere. 7-Eleven can just provide advertisements related to current discounts and special propositions, as they help to attract more customers. Convenience stores can use various accounting software tools that can help to identify non-profitable products. The possible software to use includes SalonTarget, Acme Point of Sale, iRetail, CashOrCardPOS and others (Software Advice, 2019). iRetail is among the best software tools because it is suitable for businesses with many stores in a chain. It helps to assess an item’s profitability because it shows all costs and revenues for each item sold. I think it is beneficial for 7-Eleven and other convenience stores because it has many functions and can be applied to many stores in a chain. In my career, I had a situation with unnecessary costs in a fast food restaurant where I worked. The manager cut costs by analyzing all costs for each product purchased. He found out that some of menu items had high costs but did not bring high revenues because they were rarely ordered and often spoiled. They were removed from the menu. Reference Software Advice (2019). Retail Accounting Software . Web.

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Write the original essay for the following summary: The 7FE project framework is a tool used in the business field for thorough planning and evaluation of all the aspects of entrepreneurial activity. This framework is composed of four Fs and three Es, and it includes various criteria and factors that serve as the determinants of a successful business. The effective application of this methodology may allow distinguishing among the areas of intervention, for example, work with the equipment, personnel, or production strategies and creating a reliable and sustainable model of entrepreneurial activity.

The 7FE project framework is a tool used in the business field for thorough planning and evaluation of all the aspects of entrepreneurial activity. This framework is composed of four Fs and three Es, and it includes various criteria and factors that serve as the determinants of a successful business. The effective application of this methodology may allow distinguishing among the areas of intervention, for example, work with the equipment, personnel, or production strategies and creating a reliable and sustainable model of entrepreneurial activity.

7FE Project Framework Analysis Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Peculiarities of the 7FE Framework 3. The Most Step in the 7FE’s Phases 4. Conclusion 5. Reference List Introduction The use of current techniques and approaches to business activity is a significant aspect of successful entrepreneurship since in today’s competitive environment, much depends on a well-chosen working strategy. The evaluation of potentially effective steps allows finding and implementing an optimal action plan and applying those tools that can expand the sphere of influence. As one of the mechanisms that are common in business management, the 7FE project framework will be analyzed. Utilizing this system in the context of business activities and, in particular, its component related to findings and solutions makes it possible to eliminate mistakes in planning and take effective steps to develop projects. Peculiarities of the 7FE Framework This framework is the tool used in the business field for thorough planning and evaluation of all the aspects of entrepreneurial activity. According to Jeston and Nelis (2014), it can be utilized both for organizational work aimed at increasing productivity and for change policies, for instance, in the process of reorganizing growth and development strategies. The name of this framework is explained by the components that form it – 4 Fs and 3 Es, and in general, it includes various criteria and factors that serve as the determinants of a successful business. The effective application of this methodology may allow distinguishing among the areas of intervention, for example, work with the equipment, personnel, or production strategies and creating a reliable and sustainable model of entrepreneurial activity. The Most Step in the 7FE’s Phases Since the choice of optimal strategies for development and growth is one of the top priorities in business management, the search for appropriate approaches and methods for their implementation is a significant task. Of all the phases of the 7FE project framework, understanding that includes findings and solutions is the most important stage. As Lahajnar and Rožanec (2016) argue, this step is one of the basic ones, and its role is to find sources that confirm or disprove the significance of specific approaches to the organization of business activity and introduce the necessary methods. Sobreiro et al. (2018) note that the initial stage of the entire work is fundamental and requires assessing the field under consideration competently. Therefore, it is an essential phase determining the nature of all subsequent actions. The rationale for supporting this assumption lies in the importance of planning as a step that forms the entire mode of operation. According to Nasiri et al. (2018, p. 358), “finding appropriate solutions for achieving sustainability is the main concern for most of the companies”. At the same time, this framework does not limit the possibilities of searching and implementing theoretical and practical concepts. Oyemomi et al. (2016) state that, for instance, empirical findings as one of the ways of obtaining relevant information through surveys is as a valuable mechanism for analyzing and interpreting opinions on a required issue. In this case, the assessment of hypotheses can occur in a test mode without prior preparation. In general, this component of the framework serves as a background for all business practices and helps establish all the operations. Conclusion The 7FE business framework is a useful mechanism in supporting entrepreneurial activity, and its phase related to understanding, in particular, findings and solutions serve as a basis for work and a tool for eliminating errors. The value of this step is justified by the importance of the information that may be obtained at the initial stage. However, all the phases of this framework play an important role in forming approaches to entrepreneurial activity. Reference List Jeston, J & Nelis, J 2014, Business process management: practical guidelines to successful implementations , 3rd and, Routledge, New York, NY. Lahajnar, S & Rožanec, A 2016, ‘The evaluation framework for business process management methodologies’, Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues , vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 47-69. Nasiri, M, Rantala, T, Saunila, M, Ukko, J & Rantanen, H 2018, ‘Transition towards sustainable solutions: product, service, technology, and business model’, Sustainability , vol. 10, no. 2, p. 358. Oyemomi, O, Liu, S, Neaga, I & Alkhuraiji, A 2016, ‘How knowledge sharing and business process contribute to organizational performance: using the fsQCA approach’, Journal of Business Research , vol. 69, no. 11, pp. 5222-5227. Sobreiro, PA, Santos-Rocha, R, Claudino, R & Serôdio-Fernandes, A 2018, ‘Approach to management by processes in a sports department of a local government organization’, Motricidade , vol. 14, no. 2-3, pp. 79-94.

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Write the original essay that provided the following summary when summarized: The essay discusses the potential unfairness of the Chinese National College EnterThe essay discusses the potential unfairness of the Chinese National College Enter more specifically, it talks about how the exam may be biased against students from rural areas.

The essay discusses the potential unfairness of the Chinese National College Enter The essay discusses the potential unfairness of the Chinese National College Enter more specifically, it talks about how the exam may be biased against students from rural areas.

A Comparative Review of the Unfairness of the Chinese National College Entry Examination Essay Literature Review Introduction This chapter contains a review of what other researchers have written about the potential unfairness of the Chinese National College Entry Examination (NCEE). The investigation is informed by the need to review learning theories and educational practices adopted in different countries to better understand how the Chinese education system compares internationally. Guided by this goal, key sections of this chapter will explore what is known about the Chinese education system and how it compares to similar models internationally. However, before delving into this analysis, it is first important to understand the theoretical underpinning of college entry assessments. Theoretical Review Psychometric Theories Psychometric theories have been used in different scientific fields to evaluate whether a test evaluates what it is intended to measure (Wolverton et al. 2018). Stated differently, they focus on the validity and reliability of test instruments. Psychometric tests emerge from a combination of different measurement instruments obtained from the fields of education and psychology (Wolverton et al. 2018). For a long time, the principles of assessment derived from both disciplines have been used to undertake objective assessments of students’ skills, abilities and knowledge (Wolverton et al. 2018). Some researchers have extended the application of psychometric theories to investigating the validity of data collection instruments, such as questionnaires (Shirzadifard et al. 2018). Others have used the same approach to improve the measurement theory and their approaches have been instrumental in improving interclass correlation of research instruments (Loscalzo et al. 2019). Psychometric theories refer to a broad group of concepts, such as the classic test and item response theories (Asempapa & Asempapa 2019). The Rasch model of measurement has also emerged from this area of research (Kliem et al. 2015; Maurer & Häfner 2014; Oranye 2016). Although they share similarities in the manner research variables are tested, they have distinct features relating to their origins and application (Chen & Chang 2018). Psychometric theories rely on factor analysis to understand the underlying dimensions of data. In addition, they use multidimensional scaling for evaluating student performance and data clustering to categorise different types of responses (Shirzadifard et al. 2018). Broadly, psychometric theories emphasise the need to evaluate the reliability and validity of test instruments (Asempapa & Asempapa 2019). However, practitioners review these concerns within a broader assessment of test significance and effectiveness. Their focus is usually to understand whether the results that would be obtained from the tests are meaningful or arbitrary. Learning Theories Learning theories outline another set of concepts that have an impact on the evaluation of student test scores. They include four key attributes: behaviourism, cognitivism, constructivism and humanism (Bruijniks et al. 2019). These four tenets of learning theories underscore how tests are developed because most countries chose to use one technique, or a combination of multiple methods, to evaluate student performance (Shirzadifard et al. 2018). For example, the constructivism approach has been adopted by countries that are interested in understanding how students construct meaning from different issues through knowledge development (Jung 2019). The main types of assessments that follow this model of examination are student-centred (Mensah 2015). Their main assumption is that “experience is the best teacher.” This approach to learning is commonly applied in many western countries because they do not focus on the reproduction of facts but rather the cognitive development and understanding of student performance (Walker & Shore 2015). Therefore, in these kinds of learning settings, students are often provided with content-rich information that they would use to complete specific assessment exercises. They are also exposed to experience-based learning, which is often done through a review of several case studies for the learners to have a better understanding of educational concepts (Asempapa & Asempapa 2019). Broadly, there is a nexus between intended learning outcomes, assessment tasks and teaching, which supports the constructivist learning theory. Cognitivism is another theory that has been used to inspire the development of learning assessment tools. It suggests that evaluations should be based on the processes for acquiring knowledge, as opposed to the observed behaviours that emerge from them (Villalobos & Dewhurst 2017). This view contradicts the evaluation approach undertaken by behaviourists because the latter focus on testing observed behaviour as opposed to the processes that created them in the first place (Abramson, Dawson & Stevens 2015). Therefore, cognitivism relies on an evaluation of the internal processes and connections that students have during learning to formulate assessment tests (Chen 2016). Furthermore, this framework treats students as information processors because knowledge is presented as a schema or a symbolic measure of mental strength that needs to be assessed when the students are learning and not when the process is complete (Poletti et al. 2018). Therefore, examinations are done by measuring change in a learner’s schemata. Based on the differences between cognitivists and behaviourist theories, some researchers have argued that each theory is a response to the other (Faretta-Stutenberg & Morgan-Short 2018). Particularly, cognitivism has been touted as a reaction to the widespread application of behaviourism in assessment scores. Nonetheless, the main objection that cognitivists have had towards behaviourists is the assumption that learning should be evaluated as a reaction to knowledge gain. Therefore, their main contention is the attempt by behaviourists to overlook the role of a student’s thinking processes when undertaking assessments (Mayes 2015). The criticisms levelled against behaviourists were highlighted by language experts who argued that language proficiency cannot be achieved through conditioning (Tsushima 2015). For example, behaviourists have failed to explain how children can correctly pronounce certain words or make utterances in speech assessment about sounds that they have never been exposed to before (Ahmed et al. 2019). Therefore, cognitivists suggest that evaluations should be designed to assess a student’s inner abilities in learning. Their arguments have highlighted the role of the learner in student assessments because they are active participants in the process (Tsushima 2015). Thus, the individualistic strategies adopted by various students should be considered as part of the evaluation because they determine how well they perform in their future educational endeavours. Lastly, Bloom’s taxonomy has been used to explain students’ learning processes by systematically highlighting the steps underpinning cognitive development (Yauhsiang 2019). Relative to this assertion, the model suggests that learning occurs in a hierarchical manner (Yauhsiang 2019). Therefore, sequentially, students have to start from lower order thinking, such as remembering important facts and transcend to higher-order thinking abilities, such as creativity. Figure 1 below highlights how the learning flow of this model. Figure 1. Bloom’s taxonomy (Source: Yauhsiang 2019). According to the diagram above, higher order thinking capabilities include creativity, evaluation and analysis. Comparatively, lower-order thinking includes remembering, understanding and applying knowledge. If these competencies are analysed according to their learning outcomes, they could be categorised into three domains namely: cognitive, psychomotor and affective (Yauhsiang 2019). The highest level of thinking is represented by the cognitive technique and it may include the integration of intelligence tests, verbal information and cognitive strategies. The affective tenet of the model refers to an analysis of a student’s emotional needs, such as their feelings and reactions to different stimuli in the learning environment (Yauhsiang 2019). Lastly, the evaluation of psychomotor skills refers to a review of student’s physical abilities. As highlighted in figure 2 below, these competencies create the taxonomy of learning outcomes, which include an assessment of students’ attitudes, intellectual abilities and motor skills. Figure 2. Taxonomy of learning outcomes (Source: Yauhsiang 2019). College Admission Tests around the World It is important to understand how different countries design their college admission tests to have a broader understanding of conventional practices applied in this area of research. Some of the most commonly researched college admission tests are in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). United States (US) A paper done by International Student (2019) suggests that most admission tests done in the US require students to complete standardised tests for college admissions. However, there may be more than one test offered, depending on an institution and the course applied (Blume & Long 2014). The goal of formulating the standardised tests is to provide a common benchmark for evaluating the competencies of different groups of students who hail from varied education backgrounds (Black, Cortes & Lincove 2016). International students are also commonly assessed based on whether they are able to speak in English or posses the necessary learning skills for completing the course tasks. Unlike most Asian countries, institutions of higher learning are given some independence in deciding the importance of test scores when making college admission decisions (Bastedo, Howard & Flaster 2016). Consequently, some institutions place a lot of emphasis on test scores, while others do not. Colleges that rely on test scores to make admission decisions often subject students to additional tests, depending on the learning context and educational department involved (Bahr et al. 2019; Hout 2015). For example, international students are often subjected to an English proficiency tests (in addition to their test scores) as a prerequisite for making college admission decisions. Most colleges in the US often employ this strategy because the tests are designed for US-based students (Hurwitz et al. 2017). The US college education system also recognises the need for different departments and institutions to undertake their local evaluation systems when making decisions regarding a student’s suitability to be admitted in specific courses (Hurwitz et al. 2015). Therefore, the level of skills or competencies required varies across different departments. Most colleges in the US do not holistically examine test scores but go a step further to understand how each student performed on key subject clusters (Dakduk et al. 2016). For example, a student who has high scores in mathematics and fails to perform to the same standard in verbal tests could fail to be selected for an educational program located within an institution’s English department. Some colleges go a step further and analyse the results of proficiency tests to make admission decisions (Broda et al. 2018). For example, the English department could further analyse a student’s grammar, listening and reading skills to make an informed decision regarding whether they would be admitted to a program, or not. United Kingdom (UK) The college admission strategy used in the UK is dependent on the ability of students to prove that they can get good grades (Bowie 2019). Indeed, most universities require students to apply for placement based on their current achievement scores (Complete University Guide 2019). They may also request students to state their predicted grades upon completion of their school leaving examinations. Similar to the US, the UK system also allows universities or colleges to undertake additional tests, especially in specialised schools or departments, such as law and medicine, to admit students (Bennett et al. 2017). Some UK universities also allow students to state any extracurricular activities they engage in as part of their college application processes. However, observers say it is unlikely that this information would sway their decisions (Sims, de Chenu & Williams 2014). Like many Asian countries, the UK education system relies a lot on academic performance to make college admission decisions. However, unlike many Asian countries, the UK education system leaves some room for further interviews to be conducted before a final decision on placement is made (Sims, de Chenu & Williams 2014). The goal of scheduling these interviews is to assess the genuineness of the students and their real motive for choosing to study in select colleges (McLellan, Pettigrew & Sperlinger 2016). In other words, students are often tasked to demonstrate their enthusiasm for applying to be included in specific programmes. Broadly, the main differentiating factor between UK universities and other national college admission systems is the multiplicity of education qualifications allowed. Notably, many UK universities consider applicants who have completed their A levels – A General Certificate of Education Advanced Level and have finished their secondary education or are looking for placement in a university. Most students who take these examinations are aged between 16 and 18 years (Bartram 2019). Due to jurisdictional differences in the UK, some examinations are also considered unique to the locations. For example, students from Scotland could apply for placement in college using their Scottish (SQA) Higher Scores (Boliver 2016). These tests were originally introduced to promote independent learning and advance a nationalised outlook of test scores (Sims, de Chenu & Williams 2014). BTEC is another qualification accepted by UK universities for admission. However, it is mostly suitable to working professionals because of its strong focus on practical and applied learning (Sims, de Chenu & Williams 2014). Most students who gain entry into college using these scores are often allowed to proceed with their desired course from the second year. The International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) is another test that students could use to gain admission to a UK university. Notably, international students use it to study in the UK (Chankseliani 2018). However, not all forms of IGCSE are accepted by local universities. Therefore, students are often advised to check with their preferred universities to know whether their certifications are valid, or not. Broadly, these insights show that decisions relating to college admissions in the UK are multifaceted. Furthermore, a varied number of tests can be used to gain entry to a preferred university. China The Chinese National College Entry Examination (NCEE) is one of the most important tests for students who want to pursue higher education in the country (Wang 2019). In some quarters, this examination is also known as Gaokao (Wang 2019). It is often held annually (usually around June or July) and encompasses a population of about 9.6 million students (Steinfeld 2014). The tests are not restricted by age and students usually take them when they are in their last year of senior high school (Wang 2019). Depending on the administrative procedures adopted by each province in China, the NCEE usually takes about two or three days to complete. Students who take part in these tests are often required to select one area of examination, which is usually split between social and natural sciences (Wang 2019). Social sciences often include an examination of students’ knowledge in specific subjects, notably: politics, geography and history. The natural sciences are administered in the same manner but they include a test of students’ knowledge on three key subjects: biology, physics and chemistry. Students are required to sit for these tests as a prerequisite for enrolling in most undergraduate programs, but exceptions could be made to those who have exceptional skills or pursue unique segments of education, such as adult education (Walker & Qian 2018). The overall mark awarded to every student who takes the NCEE is usually weighted against the subject areas identified above. The administration of the NCEE varies across China (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). Differences arise from the manner each province undertakes their examinations and how the tests are graded. However, the tests are administered uniformly from the provincial level and all subordinate administrative ranks. For example, each directly controlled municipality under the provincial administration implements the NCEE in a standard manner. Nationally, the NCEE is administered at the same time because students sit for the examination in one session. In the last decade, there have been attempts to change the month of examination from July to June because of the challenges some students (especially in Southern China) experience with the extremes of weather (including flooding and extreme heat) (Zhao 2018). Traditionally, students were required to select a list of preferred subjects to study school (before sitting for the NCEE) but after receiving their test scores, they could amend their choices to reflect their performance (Ma 2015). One issue affecting college admission processes in China is the existence of quotas. A discussion of these quotas is relevant to this study because it influences the probability of students who have completed the NCEE to secure college placement. Therefore, it is difficult to admit students into universities when specific quotas are already filled (Fu 2014). Each province has its own quota system. Their varied dynamics have long been the subject of debate because of their profound impact on the admission outcomes for students in selected universities (Fu 2014). To understand how the admission quotas affect the NCEE and its administration, it is vital to understand that most top-tier universities in China are publicly funded. Therefore, the best universities in the country are publicly owned. For example, the Chinese government funded Fudan University to the tune of $326 million in 2011 (Fu 2014). If these findings were used as a template for other universities, it means that public funding could account for up to 44% of a university’s operational budget (Fu 2014). The extent of government sponsorship affecting the operations of public universities in China means that they have a responsibility to fulfil the interests of the public (government) and not of individuals. In other words, they have a fiduciary responsibility of admitting local students, as an order of priority (Walker & Qian 2018). This privilege also means that the government has a stake in the formulation of admission quotas for each province. Usually, existing quotas are deemed arbitrary in nature but it is difficult to question the processes that led to their development, as the Chinese Ministry of Education does not provide an explanation for how they conduct their business (Fu 2014). The development of the quota system stems from a centralised planning structure overseen by the Ministry of Education. Hansen (2015) says they are merely a way for provincial governments to compromise on their university admission criteria. Each year, Chinese universities publish their quota systems, thereby giving students who have received their NCEE scores an opportunity to evaluate their chances for admission and reapply accordingly (if need be) (Hansen 2015; Huang, Wang & Li 2015). Some reports show that certain quota systems in China limit the opportunity for students to gain admission into specific programmes because of the low number of students who have secured placement in some provinces (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). Relative to this finding, some institutions have been accused of not operating optimally because of this problem. This challenge influences how students enrol for specific courses, especially considering the difficulty of changing educational programmes midway through a semester (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). Broadly, the Chinese college application process is categorised into different levels, depending on the type of institution a student wished to study (Zhao 2018). For example, current application metrics are divided into vocational institutions, major universities, regular universities and early admissions. Each of these categories of admission may contain between four and six choices of study (Zhao 2018). The common practice is that students who are selected in each of the university applied for it as their first choice (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). However, it is common to find some cases where students have been allowed to apply for multiple institutions at different times and are selected to attend colleges, which were not their first choice. In some regions, such as Shanghai, students are allowed to apply for specific colleges and after learning of their NCEE scores, they could change their preferences and seek enrolment in other institutions (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). It is usually mandatory for students who take the NCEE to sit for three subjects: Mathematics, Chinese and a foreign language (Huang, Wang & Li 2015). English is the most common foreign language examined. However, other languages examined include Russian, German, French and Spanish (among others). From the early 2000s, integrated tests were also included in the NCEE (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). They mostly involved sciences and humanities. Although the importance of the integrated tests in admission review is still unclear, some Chinese institutions use associated test scores to make college admission decisions (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). Some students are also required to sit for specific subjects, relative to the regional administrative regulations of the provinces involved (Mei, Brown & Teo 2018). However, to do so, they are required to abide by specific rules and regulations, such as respecting the laws of the country, must be holders of a high-school diploma or an equivalent and be in good health (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). Existing laws and regulations also bar specific types of students from partaking in the exams. The students include those who are currently studying higher education, have incomplete files (such as missing data on school history), and those who are serving a prison sentence or are facing prosecution for a specific crime (Mei, Brown & Teo 2018). Students who are seeking to participate in specialised programs have to undergo additional screening. For example, some higher institutions of education, which want to enrol their students in art departments, may require prospective students to audition (Turner et al. 2018). Similarly, military education and police schools may require students to undergo a physical health examination or a political assessment test (Mei, Brown & Teo 2018). Lastly, some sports programs may require students to tryout specific exercises. The scores may be used to gain entry into other institutions of education outside of mainland China. For example, they could be used to secure admissions in higher institutions of learning in Hong Kong (Xu 2015). Overall, the NCEE is deemed the only criterion for making enrolment decisions in China. Therefore, a poor performance in the test could be akin to giving up on the goal of studying in any of the country’s institutions of higher education. Based on its importance to the pursuit of education in China, studies have shown that the NCEE can have a significant impact on the lives of most teenagers and parents in the country (Mei, Brown & Teo 2018). Japan Although Japan is deemed one of the wealthiest countries in Asia, many students find it difficult to secure good spots in the country’s prestigious universities because of competition from other students (Coates 2015). Consequently, the national college entry examinations play a pivotal role in knowing who will be considered for admission and which group of students have to look for alternative educational opportunities. In part, the Japanese college entry examination is deemed one of the most important tests in life because access to higher education is regarded as one of the most basic tools for getting a good job in the country (Sanders & Ishikura 2018). By extension, the social statuses of both Chinese and Japanese students largely depend on their ability to pass college entry examinations (Lai 2015). The Japanese college entry examination strives to assess student’s understanding of basic academic knowledge. Introduced in 1990, the examination is designed as a multiple-choice test where students choose the right answer from a list of options (Sherlock 2016). Students are also known to sit for additional tests prepared by their desired universities as part of the selection process (Coates 2015). However, before undertaking these examinations, the students must first meet the minimum threshold of performance (set by the national examinations) (Uzama & Walter 2018). Those that fail to meet this criterion are often barred from taking the institutional tests (Yamada 2018). Nonetheless, broadly, the decision of universities to admit a student depends on a review of both institutional and national tests. Summary This chapter has shown that different countries have their unique college entry examinations based on their local educational policies and student dynamics. However, no concrete research has been undertaken to evaluate the merits or demerits of one college entry examination with another, especially in terms of fairness. Furthermore, current studies have failed to compare two or more educational systems with each other to understand their fairness. The findings of this review also suggest that there is a commonly agreed understanding that, although the concept of fair grading is straightforward, guaranteeing fairness in examination is a problematic issue. This study seeks to fill this research gap by investigating the unfairness of the Chinese NCEE vis-a-vis the Japanese college entry examination. The approaches and strategies that will be adopted to achieve this objective are described in the methodology chapter below. Methodology This chapter highlights the techniques used by the researcher to undertake the study. Its key sections highlight the research approach, design, data collection method and data analysis techniques used by the researcher to carry out the investigation. At the end of the chapter, the ethical considerations underpinning the study are explained. Research Approach Schwemmer and Wieczorek (2019) say there are two main approaches to research: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative method is focused on the collection of subjective research variables, while the quantitative method is linked to the collection of measurable data (Claasen et al. 2015; Dobbie, Reith & McConville 2018). This study involved a combination of both techniques within a wider mixed methods research framework. Archibald et al. (2015), Walker and Baxter (2019) say the mixed method research approach involves the integration of both qualitative and quantitative assessments methods within one study framework. The main motivation for using this technique is to obtain a complete and synergistic understanding of the research topic. Stated differently, the mixed methods approach was pivotal in obtaining holistic information about the research issues (Snelson 2016). The use of either of the two methods (qualitative or quantitative) in isolation may have led to the omission of relevant data simply because they failed to meet the analytical framework. For example, it would not be possible to integrate statistics in the research findings if the qualitative approach was used in isolation (Flemming et al. 2016). Therefore, the integration of both techniques (qualitative and quantitative) provided a comprehensive outlook of the research findings. In addition, the use of both techniques helped to compare different sets of data with each other. For example, the qualitative information was used to explain quantitative data. Similarly, quantitative information was used to review the qualitative data. Research Design According to Research Rundown (2019), there are six main research designs linked to the mixed methods approach. They include sequential explanatory, sequential exploratory, sequential transformative, concurrent triangulation, concurrent nested and concurrent transformative techniques. Each method was assessed for its merits and demerits as well as appropriateness for the study and the findings are highlighted below. Sequential Explanatory The sequential explanatory method gives preference to the collection of quantitative data (Fetters & Freshwater 2015; David et al. 2018). Later, qualitative information is obtained and data analysis commences thereafter. Since qualitative data is collected last, it is used to explain the findings of the quantitative information (Uprichard & Dawney 2019). Sequential Exploratory The sequential exploratory technique is the opposite of the sequential explanatory method because it gives priority to the collection of qualitative data (Research Rundown 2019). Therefore, quantitative information is used to explain qualitative findings. Researchers who are developing or testing a new instrument have used this technique with great success (Nzabonimpa 2018). Besides, they have expanded its use to explore new phenomena (Research Rundown 2019). Sequential Transformative The sequential transformative technique merges the characteristics of the sequential explanatory and exploratory techniques because it does not give preference to the collection of one type of data (Research Rundown 2019). Instead, both qualitative and quantitative information can be collected at the same time and the results integrated at a later stage of data analysis (Dewasiri, Weerakoon & Azeez 2018). Concurrent Triangulation The concurrent triangulation technique relies on the use of both sets of data (qualitative and quantitative) to corroborate findings (Mertens 2015). In other words, data collection occurs concurrently. This approach allows a researcher to use the strengths of one type of data collection to overcome the weaknesses of another (Moseholm & Fetters 2017). Concurrent Transformative The concurrent transformative method relies on the use of one theory to dictate how data collection will happen in a study (Research Rundown 2019). Therefore, the infusion of qualitative or quantitative data is aimed at analysing the research issue at multiple levels (Johnson, Murphy & Griffiths 2019). Concurrent Nested The concurrent nested technique supports the use of one type of data (either qualitative or quantitative) as the main method of data collection, while the other becomes embedded on the project (Poth & Onwuegbuzie 2015). Researchers who use this type of technique often want to analyse an issue across multiple levels of assessment or to use the secondary method to address a different question other than the main one (Puigvert et al. 2019). Based on its characteristics, the concurrent nested technique was selected as the appropriate design for this study. The justification for its use is informed by the fact that quantitative data was only used as an appendage of the main research method (qualitative). The focus on qualitative data was informed by the emphasis on fairness as a key research variable. This concept is inherently a subjective issue and can only be analysed qualitatively. Thus, quantitative data was obtained to support the findings. Data Collection Secondary data was used to come up with the research findings. Stated differently, published research materials were reviewed and evaluated for relevance. The research was conducted online by retrieving articles from three different databases (Sage journals, Google Scholar and Jstor). The keywords and phrases used were China, Japan, and National College Entry Examinations. Hundreds of articles were obtained from the search. They were further assessed according to their publication dates to remain with articles that were written in the last five years (2014-2019). The main goal of using this strategy was to obtain the most relevant information because older articles may contain outdated data. Upon reviewing the available articles using this search criterion, 149 articles were left for more analysis. The materials were subjected to an interdisciplinary analysis where emphasis was made to only include articles that were published in peer-reviewed journals. In the end, 91 articles were left for review. The secondary research approach was used because of the sheer scope of the investigations. In other words, the study issue was of a national scale and it was not possible for the researcher to carry out a primary investigation of the same magnitude. Furthermore, the secondary data collection method was convenient for the researcher to use considering the resource and time limitations attributed to the university’s programme calendar. Therefore, it was possible to obtain a wealth of information within a short time. Secondary research was the preferred method of data collection because the findings of this study are indicative. In other words, the information provided in this document only appear as a starting point for conducting future studies about the research investigation. Therefore, through this analytical method, it was easy to have a proper understanding of what has already been done and said about the merits and demerits of the NCEE as well as finding out whether other comparative analyses for the Chinese and Japanese college entry examinations have been conducted. The information collected from the secondary information would also help to plan future primary investigations because it is easy to identify key research gaps that could be filled with a primary investigation (Zhang, Albrecht & Scott 2018). Data Analysis Data was analysed using the thematic and coding method. This technique was applied by identifying recurring patterns of findings that helped to answer the research questions. These patterns were later grouped together to create the themes and subthemes used to develop the codes for analysis. Nonetheless, the process involved six key steps as outlined below. Step 1 (Familiarising with the Data) The first step of data analysis involved a familiarisation with data. In other words, the information contained in the research articles were quickly perused and important points noted on a separate piece of paper, as recommended by Armborst (2017) for reference purposes. The process also involved analysing the data actively and developing meaning out of them. Information was read and reviewed to understand the contents of each research article. The findings obtained from this process were instrumental in completing the second phase of analysis – generating initial codes. Step 2 (Generating Initial Codes) Codes were developed to identify similar patterns in the texts reviewed. The process was systematic and involved an organisation of the research information based on how they helped to address the research issue. The process was cyclic because information was analysed and reanalysed to understand how they fit within the research topic. Furthermore, as proposed by Lewinski et al. (2019), information was consistently reviewed across different analytical phases until a strong theme emerged. The process of generating initial codes also involved understanding the subjective meanings of the information collected to make sense of their importance to the investigation. The process took several weeks to complete because several codes were entered, eliminated and adjusted to fit specific analytical frameworks. The codes were later used to collect pieces of data when carrying out the final analysis., For example, all the pieces of information relating to the Chinese college entry examination were grouped under one code and data relating to the Japanese education system assigned a different code. The digits generated helped to set the stage for further analysis by organising ideas that emerged from the literature review. Attention was made to analyse each data item to avoid the possibility of missing unidentified patterns. Step 3 (Searching For Themes) The process of searching for themes was undertaken with the goal of analysing potential codes and evaluating how they help to address the research issue. The codes generated from previous data analysis processes were combined to understand how they create broader patterns in the data to form links for different codes. These links were also analysed to understand how they fit within different levels of existing themes. The themes were different from the codes because they outlined meanings or phrases that were used to address the research issue. Step 4 (Reviewing the Themes) The fourth step of data analysis involved a review of the themes generated above. The exercise involved assessing how the information obtained fit within the overall data and scope of research. At this stage of data analysis, some themes blended with each other while others were separated to form a broader schema of findings. Two main processes were adopted to facilitate this process: identifying connections between overlapping themes and identifying deviations from the coded data. Broadly, the codes helped to link desired data with the perceived meaning. Step 5 (Defining and Naming Themes) The process of defining and naming themes aided in analysing information contained in each schema (Ando, Cousins & Young 2014). The data analysis process here was geared towards identifying how each theme helped to create the “bigger picture” of the findings. Emphasis was on understanding how each aspect of data helped to address the research questions and why they were interesting enough to be included in the final report. Therefore, this data analysis process helped to understand how the themes fit within the wider picture of investigation as well as how they stand independently as autonomous themes (Hilton & Azzam 2019). Step 6 (Producing the Final Report) The process of producing the final report was undertaken after reviewing all the themes identified above. As recommended by Nowell et al. (2017), emphasis was made to only include data segments that helped in addressing the research topic. Therefore, the thematic analysis was developed in a manner that represented the complexity of the investigation and its linked data. Ethical Considerations As highlighted in this chapter, this paper is a secondary review research materials that have explored the unfairness of the Chinese NCEE, vis-a-vis the Japanese system. Typically, secondary research investigations do not attract the same ethical rigour as primary research studies do because of the lack of human subjects as the main source of data (Ando, Cousins & Young 2014). However, with the advent of technology, researchers have emphasised the need for an ethical review of the processes followed when obtaining research data in secondary investigations (Hilton & Azzam 2019). Relative to this concern, all the information obtained from other studies were correctly cited and credit given to the respective authors. All the materials sourced for review were also publicly available and no special permissions were required to access them. Findings This chapter highlights the main findings obtained from the implementation of the research strategies highlighted in chapter three above. It also highlights key findings associated with the research questions. As demonstrated in chapter three above, materials for the secondary analysis were obtained from reputable online databases (Sage journals, Google Scholar and Jstor). The keywords used were China, Japan and National College Entry Examinations. Hundreds of articles were generated but they were further subjected to a more rigorous review, which analysed their publication dates and relevance to the topic. The main goal of undertaking additional scrutiny was to obtain the most relevant information from the research materials because older articles may contain outdated data. Upon reviewing the available articles using this search criterion, 149 articles remained for further analysis. The section below highlights the main themes that emerged from the analysis. Themes Administration and interpretation of test scores were the two major themes that emerged from the investigation. Notably, they underpinned the basis for a review of biasness and unfairness of the NCEE. Furthermore, they were the two major comparative platforms for evaluating the Chinese and Japanese college entry examinations. The themes are further discussed below. Administration of College Examinations A comprehensive review of multiple research articles revealed that one of the main reasons why some observers consider NCEE unfair is its independent proposition of testing procedures (Sanders & Ishikura 2018). This concept means that different provinces in China can administer the examination whichever way they wish. This independence in test administration means that there will be differences in education resources among these jurisdictions. They will either impede or enable students to learn or pass their tests. For example, differences in experienced proposition experts and management personnel across varied regions contribute to variations in education outcomes (Sanders & Ishikura 2018; Mei, Brown & Teo 2018). Relative to the above challenge, some provincial governments have had to increase their budget allocations to offset some of the credibility issues associated with NCEE. Others have made repetitive investments in human resources and finances to fill in the gaps created by differences in social and economic development across varied regions. This challenge is compounded by the fact that social and economic differences among different provinces and regions in China have resulted in disparities in educational outcomes. Therefore, it is unfair to subject students who have different capabilities for success to the same examination standards. Interpretation of Test Scores Some of the studies sampled in this review suggested that most Chinese universities emphasis on test scores at the expense of other metrics of assessment, such as nurturing talents. For example, in a document authored by Bingqi (2016), it was reported that the top two universities in China admitted top scorers of the NCEE examination on the night that the scores were announced. This admission criteria and the expediency that the institutions demonstrated in granting admission show that there is an overemphasis on test scores, as opposed to other metrics of assessment. Some quarters of the Chinese society have noticed this problem and petitioned authorities to restrain the examination council from publishing results (Bingqi 2016). Other top universities around the world often rely on other metrics (besides test scores) to admit students in universities. However, Chinese universities adopt a simplistic approach to selecting students because of the over reliance on NCEE scores. Therefore, they do not have plans to conduct follow-up interviews to assess other areas of competence that students may or may not have, and which would be instrumental in informing their admission decisions. Bingqi (2016) affirms this problem and wonders why changes have not been made to the system even after the reform of college admission rules. This challenge is partly responsible for the disconnect that exists between the enrolment procedures of several universities and the cultivation of talent in these universities. Employers have also voiced concerns regarding the inability of new graduates to perform as desired in their respective work posts (Bingqi 2016). The competition between major universities in China to attract the best performing students also shows that they are not keen on cultivating talent. Again, this problem traces its roots to the NCEE because of its unified talent evaluation metric (Walker & Qian 2018). Therefore, it lacks a multiple talent evaluation system because of its overreliance on test scores. Consequently, there is little regard for independent college admission norms. Furthermore, current reforms on college admission criteria still rely on the NCEE, which means that they still use test scores to make admission decisions (Walker & Qian 2018). Current college admission reforms have improved the rights of colleges to enrol students in their institutions but the choices students have in selecting a university of their choice is still limited (mostly by test scores). This problem is partly highlighted by an analysis of Tsinghua and Peking universities, which still base their performance on the number of top scorers they have (Bingqi 2016). In turn, this strategy fuels the unhealthy competition witnessed among top universities to secure enrolment of students with the highest scores. Some reports show that some of the major universities around the world have detected the problem with the Chinese education system and reduced their yearly quotas for the same group of students after realising that some of the top students lack creativity (Bingqi 2016). This problem comes from the NCEE because of its simplistic nature. Therefore, students who have high ranking in terms of other performance indices (besides test scores) are easily overlooked (Walker & Qian 2018). Consequently, the only students who benefit from it are those who memorise facts and reproduce them for purposes of passing the examination. Summary As highlighted in this chapter, the two major themes underpinning the research investigation were administration and interpretation of test scores. The NCEE also emerged as having a very simplistic view of assessment because of its excessive focus on test scores. The unfairness of this system is further tested in chapter five below through a comparison of its merits with the Japanese model. Discussion and Analysis This chapter reviews the findings highlighted in chapter 4 above. Key sections of this chapter will show how the NCEE is unfair to specific groups of students and why there is a need to redesign it. However, before delving into these details of analysis, it is first important to understand similarities and differences between both college examination systems. Similarities of the Japanese and Chinese College Entry Examinations Understanding the differences and similarities between the Chinese and Japanese college entry examinations was a key part of this analysis. It emerged that both entry examinations are similar in terms of the attention they generate and their intended purpose. For example, both examinations are widely popular in their respective countries and garner widespread attention when the results are announced (Papay, Murnane & Willett 2015). Furthermore, they are both administered within the same duration (between two to three days) and serve a similar purpose of evaluating students’ competencies for admission into college (Papay, Murnane & Willett 2015). The limited admission spots available in Japanese and Chinese universities explain why both systems are under intense scrutiny because students have to be evaluated using competitive college admission examinations to gain entry to top universities. However, the Japanese national examination system is better organised and implemented compared to the Chinese one because of its central organisation structure. For example, a review of the NCEE’s administrative structure reveals significant differences with the Japanese model because the NCEE is not centrally organised, while the Japanese one is overseen by one entity – Independent Administrative Institution (IAI) (Sanders & Ishikura 2018). A review of the evidence also showed that the Chinese NCEE lacks a central organisation structure because provincial authorities wield a lot of power in their administration (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). Therefore, there could be variations in how authorities administer the examinations. These differences influence the interpretation of test scores. One key finding that emerged from this investigation is the difference sin admission scores generated by the NCEE. This system makes it difficult to equitably assess a student’s competencies and suitability for university education because of the lack of a standardised administrative structure. This model promotes a kind of rote learning, which is prevalent throughout China (Ho, Sum & Wong 2018). It makes it easy to question the true purpose of the NCEE because it curtails creativity and fuels an obsession with test scores. Differences of the Japanese and Chinese College Entry Examinations Another notable difference between the Japanese and Chinese examination systems is the overreliance on test scores. Notably, the Chinese NCEE lays a lot of emphasis on test scores but the Japanese examination system does not have such characteristics. Instead, independent educational institutions have assumed additional responsibilities of conducting further assessments to make admission decisions (Coates 2015). Comparatively, students in China may receive admission approvals on the same day the NCEE tests scores are published. Therefore, they are unwilling to undertake additional tests to assess a student’s competencies. This decision-making approach means that the NCEE is weaker compared to the Japanese college entrance examination because of its lack of rigour. If left unchecked, it may cause long-term problems in developing a motivated student body. Furthermore, it may explain why the Chinese NCEE is unfair because the reliance on test scores, as the only consideration for admission, ignores other non-standardised competencies that may be important in the determination of a student’s competence. Weaknesses of the Chinese NCEE Broadly, the findings highlighted in this study draw attention to differences in administration and interpretation of test scores, as the two key areas of NCEE operation, which create unfairness in formulating college admission decisions. Administrative differences stem from the failure to develop standardised evaluation processes across different provinces and the inability to account for the effects of socioeconomic differences across different jurisdictions, which could affect education access. For example, the effects of socioeconomic factors on education access for students who sat their examinations in Shanghai and rural areas of China promotes unfairness because they limit access to colleges for students who sat for the NCEE in rural areas. Therefore, despite having many universities, Shanghai admits many local students at the expense of “foreign” ones, even though they may score significantly lower marks on the NCEE, as their peers who do not come from the province. Granted, although the Chinese NCEE is regarded as a standardised test, there is little evidence to suggest that it actually meets this profile. As stated above, its challenges stem from the differences in examination implementation processes across different provinces. Consequently, there is no centralised organisational structure that governs how they are administered. Thus, differences in how to interpret test scores arise. Another critical issue that has emerged from this study is the consistent emphasis on test scores in the Chinese education system. This bias means that the NCEE is not a holistic assessment framework because it does not account for other merits, such as creativity, that a student may have and which are instrumental in making college admission decisions. Therefore, it is difficult to understand how an education system that is supposed to nurture talent focuses only on the quantitative aspects of student competence and fails to account for the subjective attributes that test scores do not capture. The above concern is particularly important in evaluating how students who are selected to study “subjective” courses, such as the arts, are admitted to specific educational programs because the system fails to account for the unquantifiable merits needed in selecting the right candidates. It is no wonder that poor results have been reported after students secure admission in respective colleges (Sanders & Ishikura 2018). For example, evidence has been provided of how some Chinese students studying abroad fail to perform as desired, despite having high scores on their NCEE (Sanders & Ishikura 2018). This issue has been linked to the reduction in admission quotas for Asian students in some western countries. A keener look at the Chinese NCEE shows that the system favours students from wealthy families and cities. Although the examination system was introduced to promote equality, it is discriminatory because students who come from rural or poor families fail to get the same placement opportunities as those who hail from cities or come from wealthy families. For example, students who come from Beijing and have a household registration from the same area perform better on the NCEE and get better placements compared to those who hail from different parts of China (Wang 2019). Beijing students are the biggest beneficiaries of NCEE’s weaknesses because they often attain a higher score than their peers from other regions (Wang 2019). Differences in admission scores only outline part of the problem because universities also have varied admission criteria, which further complicate the evaluation process. The presence of different results analysis methods means that a student who scores highly on the NCEE may miss an opportunity to be admitted to a course of their choice because they did not meet the test scores put in that university. The biasness that exists in the Chinese college entry examinations towards the poor and rural people is not a new phenomenon because it has also been observed in other countries where the rich have an added advantage in securing the best college placements. The problem is notably common in America where several news reports have shown that students from wealthy families are significantly favoured when making college admissions, relative to the general student population. This problem is commonly observed as a review of selection processes for elite schools. The challenges that America has experienced in changing this situation can be compared with China because studies have shown that the system is inherently flawed to favour students from wealthy families even if changes are not made to it. Unfairness in the System The administration of the NCEE is also inherently unfair because it requires students to go back to their provinces of original residences to take the examination. This challenge curtails their prospects to score highly on these examinations and secure a place in a good university because it forces them to familiarise themselves with new materials when they change residence (Fu 2014). Furthermore, they have to face fiercer competition when moving provinces because of the social and economic differences across these provinces, which affects the educational outcomes of the students involved. Therefore, a learner who performs well in an underserved province may have diminished chances of securing a place in college if they sit for the NCEE in another province, which has high-performing students (Fu 2014). The regional differences across multiple jurisdictions that affect student test scores and admission rates are partly affirmed by research studies that show biases in recruitment across different cities and jurisdictions. For example, according to figure 1 below, although students from Beijing are fewer than other cities and provinces in China, they secure the highest rates of enrolment in major universities. Figure 3. Student Enrolment in China (Source: Fu 2014). The willingness of major colleges to accept students from Beijing, relative to other cities and provinces, is ironic because students from big cities in China do not compete for top universities as much as those from rural areas do (Fu 2014). This discrepancy emerges from the fact that major universities in Beijing often reserve many spots for students who come from the province. Therefore, it is possible to find that they have lower admission test scores compared to students from other provinces. This system is unfair to students who come from rural locations because, despite having fewer educational resources, they are forced to attain high test-scores to gain entry to top universities. A deeper analysis of the enrolment processes of the two top universities in China mentioned above (Peking University and Tsinghua University) reveals the biases that exist in the enrolment process, subject to NCEE test scores. It is estimated that the two institutions will admit about 84 students out of a possible 10,000 that sought admission, while only two out of a possible 10,000 students who took part in the same examination in Gunagdong will be considered for admission (Fu 2014). Underpinning the above statistics is the role of social and economic inequality in influencing admission criteria (Papay, Murnane & Willett 2015). Notably, wealthy families in China often move to Beijing and Shanghai before taking the NCEE examinations to improve their odds of gaining access to good universities (Fu 2014). Based on the findings highlighted in this study, rich students from these cities and provinces tend to get higher chances of being enrolled in good universities compared to middle class and low-income students who have to “fight it out” with other students for enrolment in prestigious universities. Nonetheless, native students in Beijing, Shanghai and other major cities in China have started to advocate for the protection of their education rights because they are opposed to the “migration” of wealthy students from other provinces that come to sit for the NCEE in their provinces (Fu 2014). This social discomfort brought by the administration of the examination shows that it is inherently unfair to lower and middle income students who have to work harder to secure valuable slots in prestigious universities. Comparatively, the rich are exploiting systemic weaknesses to improve the odds of their children being admitted in prestigious universities by using their money and status as leverage. Competition for top university positions also fuel the unfairness of the NCEE system because studies have shown the difficulty of entering specific universities because of high competition and few positions available. For example, students who take examinations in certain parts of China, such as Jiangsu, have a more difficult time gaining access to top universities compared to their peers from other regions because these localities have many high performing high schools (Fu 2014). This is why it is estimated that in a student population of about 10,000 people who took the NCEE in Jiangsu only two would be considered for enrolment in top universities (Fu 2014). Figure 2 below shows the distribution in the number of universities and the combined acceptance rate of students form Peking and Tsinguah universities. Figure 4. Distribution of number of Universities according to cities (Source: Fu 2014). According to the graph above, students who sat the NCEE at Jiangsu tend to be accepted by Peking and Tsinguah universities at lower rates than those who sat for the same examination at Henan. In other words, the test scores for students who were admitted at Jiangsu are significantly lower than the scores for those from Henan. This admission criterion exists despite the fact that Jiangsu has more universities than Henan. Lastly, the NCEE is also unfair to some students because of existing legal clauses demanding the preferential treatment of some students. Indeed, certain segments of the Chinese population, such as the disabled, receive preferential treatment when it comes to the NCEE scoring metric because they are easily given higher grades compared to other students (Fu 2014). This system adds to the complexity of the NCEE Areas that Need Attention Based on the insights highlighted above, one of the major differences observed between the Chinese and Japanese education systems is the lack of assessment rigour on the part of the Chinese. There is a need to rethink the importance of formulating additional tests to assess a student’s suitability for selected courses and educational programs, or not. Stated differently, the overreliance on test scores should be reviewed with the hope of creating a comprehensive framework for making college admission decisions. The potential for making these adjustments lies in the improvement of equity in the admission process because some students have “other” skills that should not be discounted when making admission decisions. Since it has been established that the NCEE fails to capture non-academic competencies because of the overreliance on test scores, there is a need to re-examine whether lessons could be borrowed from the Japanese system because the latter is more comprehensive in the manner students’ competencies are reviewed. Indeed, most top universities in Japan undertake additional tests (besides the national examination) to evaluate a student’s competencies in learning. This strategy means that even though a student may score highly on the national examination, they may still miss the opportunity to secure a spot in selected universities based on their performance on additional tests. In China, admission is almost automatic when a student posts high scores (Zhao & Yang 2019). Based on the above-mentioned observations, there is a need to rethink whether it would be prudent to overhaul the NCEE to reflect other non-academic qualities, such as communication skills and logical thinking, when conducting tests. This strategy could influence the nature of the examination because it could become more holistic and acceptable to all students (Wang 2019; Yuan & Li 2019). To ease the pressure that most students experience before taking the NCEE, it is prudent to look at the NCEE’s structure and find out whether it would be prudent to substitute the standardised test model for a learning achievement framework, which should be administered throughout a student’s learning experience. This area of analysis is closely linked with the views of Latifi et al. (2016), which suggest that such a system change means a departure from the one-off assessment model where students are examined in one sitting. Such a model is linked with increased anxiety levels for students because of the impactful nature of the tests on their education and careers (Wang, Liu & Zhang 2018). For example, a student who is unwell during the examination period may fail to gain entry into a college of their choice because the test was administered when they were sick. However, if this system were overhauled and substituted with a long-term learning achievement test, their learning competencies could more effectively studied. The assessments done could also be more informed and comprehensive, thereby presenting the true picture of their academic competencies (Yuan 2018). Furthermore, the narrow focus that Chinese universities and admission boards have placed on dismal score differences could be looked at because slight differences in test scores are not a reliable measure of academic ability (Cui, Lei & Zhou 2018: Hao et al. 2019). The above-mentioned views highlight the need to examine whether it would be prudent to introduce continuous assessments in China. Potentially, students will not only be assed in one event but through a combination of several others. An unintended positive effect that may emerge from the adoption of this strategy is the heightened level of preparedness for the students to sit for exams because they will always be looking forward to completing periodic tests. Given the importance of the NCEE to a student’s academic life and career prospects, such biases should not exist because they have far-reaching implications on the self-esteem and societal standing of students who are often under immense pressure from family members to perform well (Zhang 2019). Therefore, the current setup of the NCEE fails to account for the cultural attributes or competencies of a student, and there is a need to examine how this system can be remodelled for better outcomes. Indeed, it fails to effectively evaluate the suitability of students to respective college programs. Summary There is little contention regarding the need to make examinations fair to all students. However, there is no commonly agreed measure for determining fairness. In other words, it is a subjective concept. The findings of this study suggest that there is a commonly agreed understanding that, although the concept of fair grading is straightforward, guaranteeing fairness in examination is a problematic issue. The paradox of this assessment is that even though fairness could be interpreted to mean the application of one rule for all students, such a strategy would only magnify the implications of pre-existing prejudices and unfairness that already exist in the system in the first place. Furthermore, the mere application of common rules in examination fails to account for diversity in student talents. Consequently, there is a need to examine the concept of fairness in formulating assessments. 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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is one of the most successful wrestlers-turned-actors. His career can be analyzed to understand the peculiarities of this growth and the central success factors.Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson was born in a family of professional wrestlers and he himself became a professional sportsman. In 2001 he was shot in the first movie, The Mummy Returns as the Scorpion King, which turned out to be a great success. It

Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is one of the most successful wrestlers-turned-actors. His career can be analyzed to understand the peculiarities of this growth and the central success factors. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson was born in a family of professional wrestlers and he himself became a professional sportsman. In 2001 he was shot in the first movie, The Mummy Returns as the Scorpion King, which turned out to be a great success. It

A. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson as a Brand Case Study Dwayne, “The Rock” Johnson, can be considered one of the examples of successful wrestlers who managed to build their careers and evolve into cinema stars and celebrities. For this reason, his career can be analyzed to understand the peculiarities of this growth and the central success factors. First of all, speaking about the evolution of Johnson and his transformation to an entrepreneur and an actor, his ability to succeed as a superstar wrestler should be mentioned. He was born in a family of professional wrestlers, which influenced his future career and choice of path. Johnson continued the dynasty and started to act as a professional sportsman. A serious injury introduced additional obstacles on his way; however, he managed to recover and keep moving forward. In such a way, the central factors of his success were persistence, clear goal, desire for achievement, and focus on the show component of his performance. The popularization of his figure, successes in wrestling, and love of the audience prepared the basis for Johnson’s transformation into a successful brand. The popularity of Johnson and his recognizable image helped him to start conquering Hollywood as it had always been one of his main attractions and desires. In 2001 he was shot in the first movie, The Mummy Returns as the Scorpion King, which turned out to be a great success. It also showed that there is a niche for such actors that can be occupied by a successful wrestler recognized by the audience. Johnson continued to appear in films such as Walking Tall, Be Cool, Get Smart, and Tooth Fairy. The diversity of genres, which included action films and comedies, also cultivated the image of Rock and helped to attract more attention to the character and ensure producers that he can play a wide range of roles regarding the current need or the genre that is now popular among viewers. The adherence to guidelines offered by the United Talent Agency (UTA) can be considered one of the success factors. Johnson emphasized the idea that the instructions acquired from this institution had a positive impact on this career as an actor. First, they helped to disassociate from wrestling, which was essential for his character, and start acting in ways that were appreciated by the public. Second, it promoted the idea of authenticity, which was critical for his brand and its future development. In such a way, UTA helped to cultivate a unique image and create a recognizable brand. Partnership with Garcia was another important element of Johnson’s career as it helped to find many successful solutions and approaches that were utilized by the former wrestler. Even after their divorce, the couple preserved their partnership relations and managed to cooperate at different levels. They succeeded in the creation of a specific team of agents whose primary goal was the popularization of the image of the sportsman and the invention of new opportunities to move forward. In such a way, the given bond became one of the many success factors that preconditioned the further development of Johnson as a superstar and his popularization. Seven Bucks Digital Studios was a service used by Johnson and Garcia to transform into a serious force in the evolving digital landscape. This very digital channel was used as a platform to popularize the brand and entertain fans all over the world. It included YouTube channels, the series Rock The Promo, and some other smaller projects to remain in touch with the audience and contribute to the gradual development of the brand. Later, Seven Bucks Digital Studios entered into the agreement with Studio 71, which became a successful decision aimed at the creation of a potent digital channel providing fans with the content they want. Among the broad list of movies, there are several ones that should be mentioned separately because of their financial success and popularity with the audience. First of all, the Fast and Furious series can be taken as financially successful as films belonging to this franchise managed to generate about 1,3$ billion at the box office. They were also welcomed by the audience and some critics. Jumanji, the continuation of the famous movie, also demonstrated positive statistics and was appreciated by critics and viewers. Finally, one should remember his first role as Scorpion King, as The Mummy Returns remains a popular and gainful movie that helped Johnson to evolve. One of the main factors that preconditioned the creation of the digital channel in 2016 was the need to popularize the brand and the existence of the broad audience that would be affected by it. The tendency towards the digitalization of society, along with the shift of priorities towards such channels, resulted in the need for the organization of their own. Johnson and Garcia correctly realized the existing trends and understood that it was critical to launching their channel to remain in touch with the audience and provide them with the content they need. First, as far as the YouTube sector started to grow fast, and as a new subscription service YouTube Red was launched, Johnson and Garcia used this opportunity to make their own channel. Moreover, Studio 71, a partner of Seven Bucks Digital Studios, hired the writer and director Scott Brown to monitor the work of a new platform and function as its general manager. Due to these efforts, the most popular services providing their content to the audience were affected, and Johnson acquired a perfect opportunity to offer his fans the content they wanted. The further diversification of offerings became a vital move towards future evolution and empowerment. As it has already been stated, Studio 71 became an important international television partner that provided Johnson’s channel with new opportunities. As a German company, the given conglomerate had multiple ways to affect the market and cooperate with the audience in various regions. For this reason, it was an important strategic decision to move forward. Altogether, it can be concluded that the given incentive turned out to be a successful launch because of multiple factors. First, it provided the platform needed to improve cooperation with fans and popularize the image of Rock as one of the leading actors in Hollywood. Second, it created the basis for the future rise and entrance to the digital market, which is critical regarding the existing tendencies. At the moment, it might be a successful step to switch to dramatic roles to demonstrate that Johnson has a multi-dimensioned talent that can be applied in various spheres. It can also surprise viewers and attract them to the first serious or dramatic movie with Johnson to see his play. The creation of own production companies can be taken as a strategy aimed at the generation of additional income as the popularity of the person can be used to make the brand more attractive to the audience and guarantee a high level of interest in offered products or content. Additionally, it provides new opportunities for career development. In such a way, it becomes a reasonable step that can help to continue evolution.

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Revert the following summary back into the original essay: A Matter of Life and Death facilitated the propagandist message of Anglo-American understanding within the pursuit of individual happiness through the usage of color scheme, props, and the setting of the last mise en scene.

A Matter of Life and Death facilitated the propagandist message of Anglo-American understanding within the pursuit of individual happiness through the usage of color scheme, props, and the setting of the last mise en scene.

A Matter of Life and Death Compositional Elements Essay (Critical Writing) Introduction Through the usage of color scheme, props, and the setting of the last mise en scene, A Matter of Life and Death facilitated the propagandist message of Anglo-American understanding within the pursuit of individual happiness. Color scheme The first compositional element significant to the interpretation of the overall artistic design of the movie is the color scheme. Strongly appealing visually, A Matter of Life and Death uses the pattern of contrasting colors to convey the metaphorical meaning of the setting, location, and props utilized. While the scenes set in heaven are in black and white, the actions captured on Earth are portrayed in color. On the one hand, vital, saturated colors with high texture symbolize the proximity of life on Earth to the viewers. The Technicolor created by Powell and Pressburger is so vivid that one can sense it through touch. On the other hand, the luminous palette of the afterworld, balanced by harmonic tones, serves as a visual cue for the spectators. On a deeper level, it suggests that the afterworld of WWII, though tempting, does not have acceptable living conditions for those failing to accept the cooperation between the US and Great Britain. Apart from providing visual cues for the viewer, the color scheme also lays a foundation for the discussions regarding the psychological condition of the main character. After returning from the war, Peter takes June on a picnic in a lush garden, colored in artificially bright, almost tropical colors. Delightful for the eye, yet disorienting, the color scheme enhances the mysticism of the film, questioning the underlying consequences of military trauma within the pursuit of individual happiness afterward. The staircase Another meaningful compositional element used in the film is props, in particular, the staircase. The staircase, with its direct allusion to the motif of Jacob’s ladder in the Bible and The Pilgrim’s Progress , is one of the film’s many literary references. (John Bunyan himself puts in an appearance when Dr. Reeves arrives in heaven to defend Peter.) Peter Carter is a poet, and Reeves sees the world as a poet, at least according to June. Reeves, the bearded magus, is the most obvious link to The Tempest . Like Prospero, he is a sort of director, preparing the stage for magical or miraculous events, in the end abjuring his specialist knowledge so that the lovers may thrive in the last scene. When Reeves first meets Peter, it’s in a stately home requisitioned by the US Army, and the troops are rehearsing a production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream – many key moments in the film unfold in something like Shakespeare’s magical green world, with the principals framed or shadowed by flowers or ferns.

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Write a essay that could've provided the following summary: In the text, the author discusses the impact of 3D printing technology on business over the past ten years and how it may affect business transactions in the next ten years. The paper also assesses knowledge, skills, and abilities one may need to be a successful manager in the future.

In the text, the author discusses the impact of 3D printing technology on business over the past ten years and how it may affect business transactions in the next ten years. The paper also assesses knowledge, skills, and abilities one may need to be a successful manager in the future.

Technology and Business: 3D Printer Impact Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Technology 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction 3D printing is a unique form of modern day printing, originating from traditional ways of prototyping. It is a form of manufacturing technology with an additive element whereby a 3D object is generated by the process of multiple laying-down of material layers. It has impacted greatly modern business transactions. This paper outlines the technology used for a Form 1 3D printer (Kickstarter par. 4), as well as the impact this technology has had on business over the past ten years, the future of technology and business, the impact technology may have on business transactions in the next ten years. The paper also assesses knowledge, skills, and abilities one may need to be a successful manager in the future. Technology The technology used This printer employs Stereo Lithography (SL), the technology in which a laser sucks in a liquid plastic resin onto its surface; it is then hardened by exposing it to specified light frequencies/wavelengths. One layer is sucked in and hardened by the laser; then another follows suit up to the last layer that completes the model. The printer requires connection to a computer that contains the blueprints of the object of interest. The Impacts of technology on business in the past decade The production process was slow as it involved traditional methods of handcrafting. The quality of business products was poor due to lack of high resolution by previous 3D printers. The cost of production was higher as machines like CNC Mills were used for crafting employed X-ray technology, which was expensive. Since only a few countries could afford, crafting machines, such as the CNC Mill, a physical shipment of goods to consumers in remote areas was necessary. The future of 3D printing technology and business In future 3D printing, technology may be used to set up buildings since teams at Loughborough University are researching 3D concrete printing (T.T, S.A and S. 2012). Bio-printing, a technology of creating replacements for human beings, may become an area of investment for businesses. Most businesses may acquire a 3D printer as its cost is foreseen to fall significantly; goods will be customer customized as this will only involve keying instructions in the software and direct printing. Impact of technology on future business transactions The 3D printer that uses the technology of Stereo Lithography will reduce business expenditure as it is fast and reduces cost by automating the design process, printing and binding separate parts of a model (Bomfunkman par. 4). Business transactions will be quick since 3D printing is a fast process. There will be reduced a buyer-seller interaction as most homes may acquire the device. Businesses will stock blueprints of products rather than the tangible product itself. Products will be manufactured close to their point of purchase and consumption; goods that previously relied on the productivity of large centralized companies will be manufactured locally (Richard A. D’Aveni 34). There will be reduced international business transactions, involving the shipment of goods as the goods will be printed locally. Qualities of a successful future manager For success as a manager, one will need to be computer literate, have knowledge of CAD and be creative to produce unique products. One will need to embrace IT to be at par with changing technologies and be flexible to accommodate unique customer needs and also be well versed with the knowledge of their industry. Conclusion In conclusion, it must be highlighted that 3D printing technology has evolved gradually, it has also had numerous impacts on business, and its future looks green with impacts on businesses expected. Works Cited Bomfunkman. “3d printing.” 2o13. Web. Keppner, Kai. Inventory & Supply Chain Optimization Blog. 2013. Web. Kickstarter. “projects.” 2012. Kickstarter, Inc. Web. Richard A. D’Aveni. “3D Printing Will Change th World.” Havard Business : vol. 91 Issue 2013: p.34. T. T., Le, et al. “Hardened properties of high-performance printing concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research Journal, Vol. 42, Issue 3 (2012): p 558-566.

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Provide the inputted essay that when summarized resulted in the following summary : Dickens's A Christmas Carol is a story about a man who is visited by three ghosts on Christmas Eve and who, as a result, becomes a better person.Dickens's A Christmas Carol is a story about a man who is visited by three ghosts on Christmas Eve and who, as a result, becomes a better person.

Dickens's A Christmas Carol is a story about a man who is visited by three ghosts on Christmas Eve and who, as a result, becomes a better person. Dickens's A Christmas Carol is a story about a man who is visited by three ghosts on Christmas Eve and who, as a result, becomes a better person.

A Christmas Carol by Dickens Essay A Christmas Carol by Dickens was first published on December 19, 1843. Since its publication, this book, arguably one of his most famous works, has made its mark on American culture and literature. It is difficult to underestimate the significance of A Christmas Carol , which was made into numerous TV and stage versions. Some would even argue that this Dickens’s work invented or rather reinvented Christmas, while others underline the importance of his work for the development of the new forms of literature. This essay aims to discuss the theme and the characters of the book. It starts with a summary of the plot, then examines the main characters and the themes and concludes with the personal opinion on the novella. Dickens offers a story of Ebenezer Scrooge, a greedy and selfish older man living alone in his London house, whose only concern is money. Scrooge hates Christmas and is indifferent to other people’s suffering, including his workers. However, on Christmas Eve, he is visited by the ghost of his business partner and by the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Christmas Present and Christmas Future. The first ghost takes him on a journey through his past Christmases: one of a miserable and lonely little boy and others of a young man, more interested in gold than in his fiancé. The Ghost of Christmas Present shows Scrooge his clerk’s family Christmas, a Christmas evening of a poor, but loving family, and his nephew’s celebrations, where guests mock him for his unfriendliness and greediness. Finally, the Ghost of Christmas Future shows him his own death, which would bring more joy to people who knew him than grief. The terror of this night magically transforms Ebenezer Scrooge into a generous and good-hearted man, kind to his neighbors and eager to help those in need. The main hero of the book, Ebenezer Scrooge, is characterized mainly by his greediness and by the fear that he creates among people who know him. Charles Dickens describes (1843, 4) him as such: “No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o’clock, no man […] inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge”. Even his clerk is terrified of him and barely dares to speak in his presence. According to Thompson (2017, 269), the descriptions of Scrooge’s personality allude to the Old Testament figure of King Belshazzar, the ruler who loves wealth and who is punished by God for his greed and pride. However, unlike Belshazzar, Scrooge takes advantage of the warning delivered by the Christmas ghosts and changes, fearing the dreadful end that is awaiting him. He accepts to change and declares: “I will not shut out the lessons that they [the Spirits of the Past, the Present and the Future] teach” (Dickens 1843, 57). Thus, he is a sinner, but the night that he goes through makes hem find the strength to change. This magical and radical overnight transformation becomes central to the figure of Ebenezer Scrooge. Other central figures are the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Christmas Present and Christmas Yet to Come. The Ghost of Christmas Past is the first ghost to visit Scrooge; he is quite and rather compassionate towards Scrooge, to whom he shows the pictures of his childhood. The Ghost of Christmas Present is a joyful and vibrant character, wearing a green robe and symbolizing joy and happiness. The third Ghost is the most fearsome one; he wears a black cloak and remains silent during their journey. Although the ghosts have distinct personalities, their common characteristic is their role as the messengers. Their figures also reflect Dickens’ interest in “the narrative possibilities of the communication between the living and the dead” (Wood 2018, 412). Dickens’s interest in the supernatural urges him to experiment with the forms of expression and create the figures of these Spirits to deliver the message to Scrooge. Another prominent figure is Tiny Tim, who is the most significant figure of childhood in the book. He is a son of Bob Cratchit, Scrooge’s clerk. He has a disability, but is full of cheer and love and brings a lot of joy to his family. His words – “God bless us every one!” – mark the end of the novella (Dickens 1843, 92). The figure of Tiny Tim reflects the conception of childhood as the stage of innocence, although it is not the only way children are represented in the novella (Robinson 2016, 8). For instance, the readers observe frightening figures of children clinging to the clothes of the Ghost of Christmas Present. Contrary to this image of “figures which are a product of a fallen world (Robinson 2016, 2), Tim is a constant reminder to everyone of the courage in the face of difficulties. The characters of A Christmas Carol serve to express Dickens’s Christian humanistic views and attitudes. According to Newey (2016, 12), A Christmas Carol is one of the most important works of Charles Dickens in a sense that it “brings into focus many of Dickens’s core concerns and attitudes of mind.” Dickens demonstrates the transformation of a greedy lender with no sympathy to others, which symbolizes capitalist and rationalist values, into the embodiment of Christianity and humanism. The contrast between Dickens’s characters furthers strengthens the differences between two ideologies, the humanistic and the capitalist one. The family of Bob Cratchit, Scrooge’s clerk, is a model of a loving family, poor in money but rich in heart, while Scrooge himself reflects utilitarian, purely rationalist values. The values of family loyalty, humanism, kindness, are confronted with the rationalism and greediness of the protagonist. Another theme of the novella is the relationship between the supernatural and the living. As stated above, Dickens’s works have significantly contributed to the development of the Victorian ghost story. His fascination with the supernatural makes him create the powerful figures of the Ghost of Christmas Past, Christmas Present and Christmas Future, who communicate with the protagonist and act as the messengers of the divine. This communication between the living and the supernatural is central to the plot. This theme reoccurs in Dickens’s works, for instance, in “The Signalman,” although in total, it is present in about 18 Dickens’s stories. The critical result of the supernatural intervention is that it leads to change and transforms the protagonist. Although often presented as a children’s story, Dickens’s novella A Christmas Carol tells a reader a lot about Dickens’s attitudes and views about the world. This novella promotes the humanistic ideology based on Christian values: love, empathy, and generosity. Moreover, the author experiments with literary forms and contributes to the development of the ghost story. The supernatural plays a central role in the transformation of the main hero. However, the idea that the protagonist needs supernatural intervention in order to change might be problematic for the humanistic perspective that is centered on the agency of human beings. The humanistic perspective stresses the inherently good qualities of human nature, which is contradictory to the idea that supernatural intervention is necessary in order to bring change. References Newey, Vincent. 2016. The Scriptures of Charles Dickens: Novels of Ideology, Novels of the Self. New York: Routledge. Robinson, David E. 2016. “Redemption and the Imagination of Childhood: Dickens’s Representation of Children in A Christmas Carol.” Literator 37 (1): 1-8. doi:10.4102/lit. v37i1.1307 Thompson, Terry W. 2017. “The Belshazzar Allusion in Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol.” The Explicator 75 (4): 268-270. doi:10.1080/00144940.2017.1389683 Wood, Claire. 2018. “Playful Spirits: Charles Dickens and the Ghost Story.” In The Routledge Handbook to the Ghost Story, edited by Scott Brewster and Luke Thurston, 87-96. New York: Routledge.

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Create the inputted essay that provided the following summary: In "A Christmas Carol of Dickens: Never Too Late for a Change of Heart" the author discusses how Ebenezer Scrooge, a classic English, became famous thanks to plenty of renown literary works. Researches note that despite the small size of the book, it quickly gained attention and brought even greater fame to its author 1 . With a more in-depth look, one can find several Victorian-era aspects of the author, but the vital point of the book appears to

In "A Christmas Carol of Dickens: Never Too Late for a Change of Heart" the author discusses how Ebenezer Scrooge, a classic English, became famous thanks to plenty of renown literary works. Researches note that despite the small size of the book, it quickly gained attention and brought even greater fame to its author 1 . With a more in-depth look, one can find several Victorian-era aspects of the author, but the vital point of the book appears to

A Christmas Carol of Dickens: Never Too Late for a Change of Heart Essay Table of Contents 1. Plot Summary 2. Scrooge and his redemption path 3. There is always time for changing 4. Conclusion 5. Bibliography 6. Footnotes Charles Dickens, a classic English, became famous thanks to plenty of renowned literary works. Among them, the readers can find A Christmas Carol , a ghost story-styled novella about the Christmas changes of an old moneybag Ebenezer Scrooge, published in 1843. Researches note that despite the small size of the book, it quickly gained attention and brought even greater fame to its author 1 . With a more in-depth look, one can find several Victorian-era aspects of the author, but the vital point of the book appears to be its moral sense. This side of the book promotes the possibilities to cleanse one’s sins and correct the wrongdoings. Plot Summary The story is set up in London, right before Christmas Eve. Ebenezer Scrooge, a greedy banker, does not enjoy the preparations for the holiday since he values only money. Nor does Scrooge approve the activity of his clerk Bob Cratchit who asks to dismiss him sooner, and his nephew Fred who unsuccessfully asks uncle to join the party. However, Scrooge is oblivious to the significant changes that will happen soon. At first, the greedy elder is approached by the ghost of his deceased business colleague Jacob Marley. The spirit laments about his heavy punishment in the afterlife and gives Scrooge a warning that his partner still has a chance to regret the greediness. For this reason, according to Marley, several more ghosts will visit Scrooge and make him reconsider. Afterward, the character runs through three series of visions when the spirits of Christmas. The first Ghost of the Christmas Pas reminds Scrooge about the days of his youth. Back in school, he was not wealthy but enthusiastic and hopeful. However, business affairs and financial success began to twist Scrooge. The course of events even led to the breakup with his fiancée Belle. Then, the second Ghost of the Christmas Present guides Scrooge to the houses of both Fred and Bob. The former and his friends enjoy the party and laugh about the miser uncle. The latter and his family happily celebrate the holiday, despite their poverty and illness of Bob’s son Tiny Tim. The Christmas Ghost warns Scrooge that Tim will likely not survive to the next year and that the man should fear his Ignorance and Want. Finally, the Ghost of the Christmas future shows Scrooge the flashforward of the next Christmas. He learns about the death of an unknown person, but nobody mourns. The colleagues agree to visit the funeral only if treated with a meal, and the person’s attendants take away the belongings while mocking the stranger’s cupidity. Then, Scrooge is informed about Tim’s death and finds himself in a cemetery. He realizes that the deceased one is nobody else but himself. The events make Scrooge promise he will change his life to prevent such an outcome. In the finale, Scrooge awakens in his bed and is happy to feel he is still alive. As the first acts of change, he sends a Christmas turkey to Bob and visits Fred’s celebration, surprising everyone. Eventually, the city came to known Scrooge “as good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man” (Dickens, 2018, p. 172) 2 . Even more, Scrooge has helped Tiny Tim to recover and became like a second father to the boy. Scrooge and his redemption path The main character of the plot is Ebenezer Scrooge, a money giver described by Dickens as “a tight-fisted hand at a grindstone” 3 . Hence, the story itself appears to be an arc of redemption for a greedy and uncaring person, who is unfazed by the joy of everyday life, including Christmas. Nevertheless, as everyone knows, holidays are considered the days when miracles happen, and Scrooge’s change of heart is exactly the kind of a miracle. The Christmas Ghosts, though magical, represent the periods of Scrooge’s life: youth, present time, and probable future. In the first vision, the character relives the moment when he came to be such a stingy and discontent man as currently. In the second one, Scrooge discovers mockery and hate of his person in social groups, as well as the fact that everyone is happy about Christmas except him. In the end, Scrooge realizes that the consequences of his ignorance would not only lead to his grave, but his image without virtues would stay forgotten. Thus, according to Chitwood. Scrooge can be considered “as a model of psychological complexity” 4 Since the entire Christmas Carol is, in fact, a reflection of his life. However, only after seeing himself in a mirror or from a side perspective, Scrooge can fully repent. The ways of Scrooge’s redemption would not be possible without the circle of the characters closest to him. The ghost of Marley represents the punishment of the afterlife that can await the moneybag. Bob Cratchit, a poor clerk, desperately trying to keep his family happy, makes Scrooge reconsider whether real happiness lies in money. Moreover, because of Bob’s financial problems, his employer feels responsible for the illness and possible death of Tiny Tim. Nonetheless, Scrooge’s nephew Fred remains one of the few who welcome Scrooge, despite his constant rejection. What is also essential, Fred reminds Scrooge about his youthful self who treated the life with optimism, yet the main character failed to comprehend the parallel before the Ghosts’ arrival. There is always time for changing Of course, Dickens did not mean for the book to represent only one idea or theme at a time. It muses about multiple problems, including family values and the importance of Christian holidays in one’s household, which, according to Hancock (2016), somewhat diminished during the industrialization period 5 . But the redemption mentioned earlier can be considered a central theme of the book. Its process does happen under the influence of Christian morals, but they seem to be the instrument instead of the cause. If one looks on Scrooge in the beginning and then on his personality in the finale, the drastic contrast demonstrates everyone’s ability to move forward, whatever the background and age. So, Scrooge’s promise of change after seeing the possible end represents that the change of heart can happen even in the elder days. Besides, there is one additional but essential aspect of Scrooge’s resolve. The story shows that there is nothing predestined in one’s life. For this reason, one can view Scrooge as a broken and battered man who accepts his fate, but after seeing the consequences, he decided to fight it. Eventually, the vision of the Future Christmas did not come true precisely because of Scrooge’s actions to prevent it. Conclusion To sum up, A Christmas Carol of Dickens is one of his famous writings about the miraculous transformation of a former moneybag Scrooge to a joyful philanthropist. The entire plot is centered around his path to redemption, which becomes possible not only with miraculous Christmas Ghosts but with Scrooge reflecting on his life and finally noticing the joy of the close ones. Thus, the book is meant to present hope for a heart change even later in life, as well as the power to prevent the worst outcomes of one’s actions. Bibliography Chitwood, Brandon. “Eternal returns: A Christmas Carol’s Ghosts of Repetition.” Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 4 (2015): 675–687. Dickens, Charles. Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol: A Book-To-Table Classic . New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2018. Hancock, Philip. “A Christmas Carol: A Reflection on Organization, Society, and the Socioeconomics of the Festive Season.” Academy of Management Review 41, no. 4 (2016): 755–765. Welch, Bob. 52 little lessons from a Christmas Carol . Nashville, Tennessee: Nelson Books, 2015. Footnotes 1 Bob Welch, 52 little lessons from a Christmas Caro l (Nashville, Tennessee: Nelson Books, 2015), 1. 2 Charles Dickens, Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol: A Book-To-Table Classic (New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2018), 172. 3 Charles Dickens, Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol: A Book-To-Table Classic (New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2018), 4. 4 Brandon Chitwood, “Eternal returns: A Christmas Carol’s Ghosts of Repetition,” Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 4 (2015): 675. 5 Philip Hancock, “A Christmas Carol: A Reflection on Organization, Society, and the Socioeconomics of the Festive Season,” Academy of Management Review 41, no. 4 (2016): 757.

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Provide the full text for the following summary: The research paper aims at developing an analysis of Germany as a potential market for the services offered by MVC Consulting. The paper will provide a history of Germany, its location and size, political system, economic system, traditions, language, values and ethics, and business practices, among others.

The research paper aims at developing an analysis of Germany as a potential market for the services offered by MVC Consulting. The paper will provide a history of Germany, its location and size, political system, economic system, traditions, language, values and ethics, and business practices, among others.

A Culture Briefing of Germany Research Paper Introduction MVC Consulting is among the oldest professional services and management consulting companies located in Chicago, US. Founded in 1981, the privately held company now wants to expand its operations internationally. MVC Consulting is considering venturing into the German market. The research paper aims at developing an analysis of Germany as a potential market for the services offered by MVC Consulting. The paper will provide a history of Germany, its location and size, political system, economic system, traditions, language, values and ethics, and business practices, among others. Following the analysis, a recommendation shall be provided on whether MVC Consulting should consider investing in Germany. Culture Analysis Location Germany is located between Poland and France near the North Sea. The Western European country shares its borders with Czech Republic to the east, the Baltic Sea and Denmark to the north, France to the Southwest, and Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg to the northwest (Beevor, 2003). History The Germanic tribes date as far back as the Pre-Roman Iron Age and Nordic Bronze Age. Starting from the 1 st century BC, these tribes are believed to have moved from north Germany and southern Scandinavia and expanded to the east, west, and south. From these locations, they encountered the Baltic, Iranian, Slavic, and Celtic tribes in Eastern Europe (Claster 1982, p. 35). By AD 100, some Germanic tribes were already occupying the region along the Danube and Rhine. The Alamanni, Chatti, Saxons, and Thuringii, are some of the large Germanic tribes that emerged in the 3 rd century. Around 260, Rome started to decline, Germanic tribes started occupying lands hitherto occupied by the Romans. By 395 AD, they had managed to advance further south-east. At the same time, a number of the large Germanic tribes had started replacing the smaller tribes in modern day Germany (Bowman, Garnsey & Cameron, 2005, p. 442). The Franks occupied the Austrasia, while the Slavs and Saxons ruled Northern Germany. Between 1138 and 1254, during the reign of the Hohenstaufen emperors, the German princes asserted their influence eastwards and southwards, and occupied the Slavs territories. In 1315 and from 1348 to 50, the Greta Famine and the Black Death respectively led to a drastic reduction in population of Germany. Between 1618 and 1648, German lands were devastated by religious conflicts, further reducing the population. The German Confederation was founded in 1814, after Napoleon I of France had been defeated. In 1862, a major conflict emerged between King William I of Prussia and the liberal parliament on military reforms. Consequently, Otto von Bismarck was appointed by the King as the new Prime Minister. The assassination of the crown prince to Austria on June 28, 1914 triggered the First World War. Some of the territories acquired by Germany prior to World War II include Czechoslovakia and Austria (Beevor 2003). In 1945, Germany surrendered when it was defeated in the Second World War, prompting the partitioning of the remaining German territory. Thus Germany was divided into West Germany and East Germany. This arrangement lasted until 1990, when Germany reunified, after the Berlin wall was brought down. Size The size of Germany is estimated at 357, 021 sq. km. Political System Germany is characterized by a representative democracy. The country also enjoys both a parliamentary and federal system of government (Claster, 1982). A federal convention elects the president. The federal convention is made up of state delegates and the parliament ( Bundestag) . The president of parliament is ranked second after the president, in line with the order of precedence in Germany. He is charged with the responsibility of supervising the daily parliamentary sessions. The Chancellor comes in third. The president of the parliament appoints the Chancellor once he has been elected by Parliament. The role of the Chancellor is to exercise executive powers of the government. Economic System Germany has embraced a social market economy. It is made up of a large capital stock and a highly qualified workforce. The level of corruption is also very low (World Bank, 2009). German has a very high level of innovation (CIA, 2010). Germany is the world’s largest economy in terms of nominal GDP. In Europe, Germany’s economy is the largest (Boston Consulting Group, 2009). Much of the country’s GDP is contributed by its service sector, estimated at 71%. Industries come second, at 28%, with agriculture only contributing a partly 0.9% of the GDP. In 2010, Germany had a 7.5% unemployment rate. Language German is the country’s predominant and official language (European Commission, 2006). The European Union has also recognized German as one of the 23 official languages. Further, the German language has been recognized by the European Commission as a working language within the EU, and there are only three such languages. The predominant immigrant languages in Germany are Kurdish, Turkish, the Balkan languages, Polish, and Russian. Traditions When meeting or leaving someone, shaking hands is a common practice. The older person or woman often offers their hand first. Calling acquaintances by their first name is unwelcome, unless you have been invited to do so. Germans do not normally tip waiters at a restaurant. However, they have a habit of rounding off the charges they have incurred. For example, if one has incurred a restaurant charge of 7.3 Euros, they will round it of to 8 Euros. A 16 % VAT is always added on any purchase that you make while in Germany. Upon leaving Germany, tourists are usually refunded the money that they incurred in the form of VAT. Speaking to a German with your hands in the pocket is seen as a rude gesture. Values and ethics Germans have strong Christian values, mainly influenced by Western European culture. The Germans upholds the pursuit of happiness, life, and liberty. In Germany, contracts are important, and individual rights are upheld. Order is also a very vital goal of the society. Personal achievements and execution of power are also primary motivations of Germans (Tian, 2004, p. 33). Characteristics of the Culture Major popular and intellectual currents including secular and religious events in Europe have helped to shape culture in Germany. Cultural institutions are often headed by the federated states with more than 25,000 libraries and 240 subsidized theaters spread across Germany, a lot of people enjoy these cultural opportunities every year (Wasser, 2006). The country has also managed to promote disability rights, in addition to creating high standards of gender equality. Moreover, Germany is socially and morally tolerant towards lesbians and gays. The country has also altered its attitudes towards immigrants with the government allowing controlled migration into the country on the basis of one’s qualification standards. Business Practices In any business transaction that involves Germans, it is important to ensure that you value punctuality. For example, you should ensure that you arrive for business meetings on the stipulated time. To be late for even 5 or 10 minutes, and more so among the subordinates, is often frowned upon. Such an action may also jeopardize your business relations in future (Lynn, n. d.). However, in case your lateness cannot be avoided, the most ideal thing to do is to ensure that you call your business associates ahead of time and inform them that you will be ruing late. Germans values honesty very much and with a good explanation, you will be in good terms with them. With regard to conversational themes, the distinction between personal and social time is very clear in Germany. As such, one should not anticipate an evening out with your German host every evening. Germans often assume that just as they have personal matters to attend to, so do you. One is also advised against delving into such topics as the Holocaust and World War II. In addition, avoid such personal questions as salaries and remunerations. Tips for leading in this country If at all MVC Consulting hopes to succeed in its quest to enter into the German market, it must value efficiency and hard work in all its operations. These two traits are valued highly by Germans. In addition, the company also needs to ensure that it offers quality services. Organizations in Germany are characterized by well-ordered and tight structures and as such, MVC Consulting needs to align its structure in such a way that every employee is fully aware of his/her functions. The management also needs to ensure that it makes decision after precise and thorough analysis of the information at hand. Furthermore, the company should also anticipate minimizing risks because in the German economy, security is a lifeline. The company should also ensure that it strictly adherers to time schedules in order to win the confidence of its customers and business associates. If for example the company promises to deliver a given service at a specific time, then it needs to honor the pledge. In the German culture, formality is often seen as a vital sign of respect and as such, MVC Consulting should ensure that it adopts this practice as well. Taking one’s business serious is a widely entrenched value in the German culture and German managers are often built upon this foundation. If at all MVC Consulting hopes to cordial business links with other companies in Germany, there is the need to accord recognition to its business partners. Moreover, the company may be forced to modify some of its business behaviors to suit the business environment in Germany. This is because there is a stark difference in the business environment of the United States and Germany. Conclusion Germany offers an ideal business environment for MVC Consulting to invest in. Germany is the largest economy in Europe. In addition, the country’s political and economic environment favors the conduction of business. Germany does not also discriminate against foreign investment. If at all MVC Consulting hopes to succeed in the German market, it needs to embrace the business culture of the Germans. As such, the company has to value efficiency and hard work because these are the two traits that drives German’s economic engine. In addition, the company must be ready to honor the pledge of customers and business associate in terms of delivery services in a timely manner. Reference List Beevor, A. (2003). Berlin: The downfall 1945 . London: Penguin Books. Boston Consulting Group. (2009). The innovation imperative in manufacturing: how the united states can restore its edge . Web. Bowman, A. K., Garnsey, P., & Cameron, A. (2005). The crisis of empire, A.D. 193–337 . Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge University Press. CIA. (2010). World Factbook . Web. Claster, J. N. (1982). Medieval Experience: 300–1400 . New York: New York University Press. European Commission. (2006). Special Eurobarometer 243: Europeans and their languages (Survey) . Web. Lynn, E. Business Culture . Web. Tian, Q. (2004). A transcultural study of ethical perceptions and judgements between Chinese. and. German Businessmen . Munish: Martin Meidenbauer Wasser, J. (2006). Spatzle Westerns . Web. World Bank. (2009). The World Bank: World Development Indicators database . Web.

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