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2,020 | November | 12 | S/2020/1110 | Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 17 June to 20 October 2020 | The donors’ conference convened jointly by France and the United Nations on
9 August underscored the solidarity of the international community with the Lebanese
people, with pledges totalling more than $298 million for immediate humanitarian
relief. At a briefing to Member States on the humanitarian situation in Lebanon,
convened by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on 10 August, I
called for “robust international support for all people in need in Lebanon, especially
women and girls”. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3892120/files/S_2020_1110-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | protection | protection |
2,020 | November | 12 | S/2020/1110 | Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 17 June to 20 October 2020 | UNIFIL received one allegation of sexual exploitation and abuse involving a
member of a military contingent. The case is under investigation by the relevant
troop-contributing country. UNIFIL and the Office of the United Nations Special
Coordinator for Lebanon continued to modify their preventive mechanism on sexual
exploitation and abuse, taking into account the increased risks of sexual harassment
and domestic violence since the implementation of COVID-19 work modalities, and
continued efforts to raise public awareness. Military commanders continued to
receive briefings on their accountability in respect of conduct and discipl ine matters.
VI. Observations | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3892120/files/S_2020_1110-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 12 | S/2020/1110 | Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 17 June to 20 October 2020 | With support from the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the
Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), 44 women’s rights activists and
organizations issued a charter on 27 August demanding that the humanitarian
response to the explosion in Beirut be gender-sensitive and inclusive of women and
prioritize the needs of vulnerable groups, especially women-headed households, older
persons, refugees and migrant domestic workers. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3892120/files/S_2020_1110-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | Considering the pace at which UNITAMS and government security forces are
being deployed to Darfur, active measures to enhance the protective environment in
support of the Government’s efforts to implement the national protection plan and the
framework of cooperation on conflict-related sexual violence signed between it and
the United Nations are of the utmost priority. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | During those meetings, the representatives of the African Union and the United
Nations acknowledged the concrete practical steps and the progress achieved in the
implementation of the national plan for the protection of civilians along both tracks,
physical protection and protective environment. They also acknowledged the positive
impact of the political transformation in the Sudan on the protection of civilians in
Darfur and reaffirmed the primary responsibility of the Government to protect its
citizens. In that regard, they welcomed the establishment, by decree No. 360 of
13 October 2020, of a civilian protection force, which started to deploy on 15 October.
The force is composed of 12,000 troops based in three sectors at 18 team sites in
Darfur, including the current footprint of UNAMID, and at an additional six sites.
They also welcomed the collection and destruction of some 300,000 weapons; the
strengthening of the Sudanese police presence in Darfur by newly graduated units of
female-only police officers to tend to the needs of women and children; the training
of internally displaced persons in community policing and early warning as a measure
to address their specific needs and build trust; the adoption of new legislation as well
as engagement with communities of internally displaced persons to find long-term
solutions to their needs; and the organization of a number of reconciliation
conferences between tribes in West and North Darfur. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | protection | protection |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | From 5 to 16 September, a total of 392 female-headed households, were
reportedly displaced from the Sortony gathering site for internally displaced persons
in North Darfur to the Savanga and Toga gathering sites in the vicin ity of Rockero
and Golo, respectively, in Central Darfur. This new displacement reportedly followed
the detention of several internally displaced persons accused by a commander of the
Rapid Support Forces against internally displaced persons of being part of SLA/AW.
Some of the women reported physical assaults by members of the Forces, while the
Forces had also arrested a dozen other internally displaced persons on the pretext of
anti-crime campaigns. Internally displaced persons have also reported several
incidents of assault, detention and harassment by the Sudanese Armed Forces at the
Savanga site. Humanitarian needs at these congested sites, which continue to receive
new arrivals, include shelter and other non-food items, nutrition for children, medical
assistance, particularly in the light of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and
protection services. Humanitarian convoys from El Geneina, West Darfur, were
scheduled to arrive in Zalingei on 24 September but were blocked by the Massalit
community in the Mornei area, where tensions persist following the escalation of
intercommunal tensions in July 2020. Meanwhile, UNAMID has visited the Sortony
site to verify the reports and has informed the local authorities.
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D. Intercommunal violence | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | other | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | However, a number of challenges persist, such as building confidence among
local communities in the ability of the rule of law institutions to deliver justice,
ensuring accountability and providing legal protection to vulnerable communities, in
particular women and children. Some Sudanese police personnel have been accused
of tribal bias and ineffectiveness, and their stations and facilities in Kutum,
Kabkabiyah, Kass, Nertiti and El Geneina have been attacked during protests.
Similarly, demonstrators have targeted prison facilities in Kass and Ardamata, which
made it necessary to transfer detained persons to Khartoum and Nyala. UN AMID has
stepped up a range of activities with the Sudanese police forces to enhance police
relations with communities, including joint patrols within and around the camps for
internally displaced persons, community policing and the establishment of emergency
response centres. A total of 84 joint patrols were conducted from August to October
2020, including in Zalingei, Saraf Umrah, Shangil Tobaya and the farming areas
around Kutum, Fata Borno and Tawillah, and in Kalma. In Kutum and Kalma,
communities have requested that UNAMID, the Sudanese police force and
prosecution authorities conduct joint investigations into incidents of violence. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | other | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | Human rights violations against children in Darfur remain prevalent. From June
to October 2020, the most frequently occurring such violations were killing and
maiming (123 children, including 41 girls) and sexual violence (19 girls). A majority
of the violations occurred in the context of intercommunal violence or conflicts
between nomads and farmers in rural areas. In Jebel Marra, infighting betwee n
SLA/AW splinter groups has exacerbated violations against children, including rape,
killing and maiming, and abduction, and the recruitment and use of child soldiers.
Children living in Government-controlled areas of Jebel Marra also remain vulnerable
to attacks. Almost one third of the total violations against children were attributed to
government security forces, often in the context of military operations, attacks against
civilian populations or excessive use of force against demonstrators. Government
security forces were also responsible for occupying three hospitals and three schools. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | In its resolution 2524 (2020), by which it established UNITAMS, the Security
Council assigned to the Mission as one of its strategic objectives to “assist
peacebuilding, civilian protection and rule of law, in particular in Darfur and the Two
Areas”. In line with that objective, UNITAMS will support the strengthening of
institutions to deliver justice and accountability and coord inate United Nations
civilian protection and peacebuilding activities, such as local-level conflict
prevention, mitigation and reconciliation, and community violence reduction,
particularly for women, children and vulnerable groups. The primary modes of
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2525(2020)
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2524(2020)
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engagement for UNITAMS will be advocacy, technical advice and capacity-building
in support of national and international partners, including United Nations system
agencies, funds and programmes. It is anticipated that UNITAMS will have a field
office in El Fasher and liaison presences in Zalingei and Nyala. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | In June 2020, UNAMID documented 11 cases of conflict-related sexual violence
in North, West and Central Darfur, with nine of the victims being gang-raped. This
was a significant increase compared with June 2019, when two cases of conflict -
related sexual violence were documented. In July 2020, there were nine cases of
conflict-related sexual violence in North and Central Darfur, six of which involved
child victims. The perpetrators were identified as uniformed armed men, persons
described as nomads and SLA/AW members. Most of the survivors of the conflict-
related sexual violence committed in 2020 were girls under the age of 18. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | Similarly, the level of criminality involving armed robbery, theft, and other acts
of violence remained relatively unchanged in 2020. From June to October, UNAMID
recorded 97 fatalities from 882 criminal incidents, compared with 78 fatalities from
812 incidents during the same period in 2019. The period from January to May 2020
saw 129 fatalities from 1,107 incidents. There were 166 incidents of violence and
harassment against internally displaced persons in the five-month period from June
to October 2020, compared with 247 cases during the five-month period from January
to May 2020. Incidents of conflict-related sexual violence reported to UNAMID from
May to August 2020 increased by 10.5 per cent compared with the same per iod in | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | The Juba Agreement creates an opportunity to address the conflict drivers in the
Sudan, including in Darfur. A permanent ceasefire, the formation of an accountable
and representative security-maintenance force and the integration of the former
combatants into the national army can reduce violence and enhance public trust in
security and rule of law institutions, provided that those steps are taken with the
participation of affected communities and in line with international human rights
standards. The establishment of a special tribunal for crimes committed in Darfur,
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together with other justice, accountability and reconciliation measures that address
impunity for war crimes and serious violations of human rights, including those
committed against children, will be an essential part of fostering confidence in the
new arrangements. The restoration of regional autonomy is a significant step that,
together with the earmarked fund for Darfur, can generate greater administrative
focus and attention for the fair and equitable allocation of resources for the
development of the region. In addition, the establishment of comprehensive
mechanisms and processes for the demarcation, restitution and legal recognition of
land and hawakeer (land traditionally used by a particular clan or tribal group),
including for women and young people, could facilitate durable solutions to forced
and voluntary displacement and promote intercommunal reconciliation. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | The protocols on Darfur deal with security arrangements, power- and wealth-
sharing, as well as with displacement, accountability and justice, land, and
intercommunal reconciliation. The security arrangements include a permanent
ceasefire, the establishment of monitoring mechanism, the deployment within 90 days
of a 12,000-strong security-maintenance force composed of forces from the
Government and armed groups. Other key provisions include the restoration of
Darfur’s regional status, the proportional allocation of state and local government
posts, inclusion of women at all levels of authority and decision-making, the launch
of a Darfur development fund with an annual budget of $750 million over 10 years,
the resolution of forcible land occupation and the establishment of a Darfur land
commission, the establishment of a special court for crimes committed in Darfur and
the appointment of an independent prosecutor, the voluntary return of internally
displaced persons and refugees with guarantees of security, return of land,
compensation and basic services. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | UNAMID has engaged the state-level authorities, including by proposing joint
patrols with the Sudanese police forces, but the internally displaced persons have
rejected any entry of State security forces in the camp. Internally displaced persons
continue to report violations, including in Sortony, especially against women
conducting livelihood activities outside the camp. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | With UNAMID support, 20 women from Darfur and other regions attended the
talks in Juba and presented a position paper to inform the negotiations. On 3 October,
UNAMID supported three Darfuri women leaders to witness the signing of the Juba
Agreement. However, women’s representation in decision-making remains low,
including in the security sector, notwithstanding the Government’s efforts to recruit
women to the police. The Darfur Women’s Platform, an umbrella organization of
women’s protection and mediation networks, professional women’s associations, the
women’s wing of the Forces for Freedom and Change, women-led civil society
organizations and representatives of displaced women, continues to advocate for the
inclusion of women in the political process.
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C. Fighting involving armed movements | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | November | 13 | S/2020/1115 | Special report of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission and the Secretary-General of the United Nations on the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur and a follow-on presence | Women’s protection networks supported by UNAMID continue to provide real -
time information on emerging tensions, flashpoints and impending attacks. These
community-level networks have cooperated with UNAMID and the joint government
forces to map hotspots and inform patrol plans at the locality level. The attacks against
civilians in Kutum, Kass and Boronga in June and July 2020 were first reported by
the local women’s protection networks. | http://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3891312/files/S_2020_1115-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Among its uniformed and civilian components, UNMISS needs staff with
specialized investigative, documentation and analytical skills and expertise. The
Mission currently has one Senior Women’s Protection Adviser, who is required to
devote significant amounts of time to engaging with State authorities and non -State
armed groups on conflict-related sexual violence, plus three women’s protection
advisers, none of whom are deployed to field locations. In UNMISS field offices,
human rights officers are expected to focus on gendered violations in addition to their
general documentation and fact-finding responsibilities. Additional specialized
support is required for the adequate and robust documentation of gendered violations.
5. Achieving gender parity | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Another component of the UNMISS protection mandate is to help to foster a
secure environment through sensitization, technical assistance and advice to South
Sudanese actors on international humanitarian law, sexual and gender-based violence,
and child protection. Apart from any specific pillar, the mandate also recognizes the
importance of mobile courts for addressing impunity and of the role of UNMISS in
supporting them. Over the past several years, the UNMISS Rule of Law Advisory
Section has supported the South Sudanese Government to establish mobile courts that
have tried 287 cases resulting in 153 convictions. Stakeholders across a variety of
sectors expressed appreciation for this work and the concrete contributions it is
making to promoting a protective environment. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | As already noted, the process to implement the Revitalized Peace Agreement
has succeeded in bringing most political parties in the country together in an ongoing
dialogue process and, at least on paper, an agreement on the way forward. The
Agreement provides a road map for durable change in the country. Chapter I contains
provisions on high-level political appointments that each party will receive under the
Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity. In it, the parties have
committed to ensuring that women are chosen for 35 per cent of appointments, while
also striving to appoint young people. It includes a section on judiciary reform,
establishes a process for the drafting of a new constitution and outlines the bodies,
legislation and process for the holding of elections at the end of the transitional
period. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | As discussed, UNMISS is currently providing technical support to the South
Sudan National Police Service on sexual and gender-based violence and juvenile
crimes and is co-locating with police in Juba to do so. There appears to be sufficient
buy-in from the Government of South Sudan to expand this co-location initiative to
other areas of the country. Broader technical assistance for the police should be
focused on community policing and should be approached with the full recognition
that, in some areas of the country, high-ranking police officials have allegedly
participated in military offensives and have been responsible for serious human rights
violations. The formation of a unified police force should be a precondition for
broader capacity-building efforts that would include tactical training and operational
support. The Mission will need to ensure it adopts a “do no harm” approach to efforts
to build the capacity of the South Sudan National Police Service and robustly
implement the human rights due diligence policy. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | As the lead mediator and guarantor of the Revitalized Peace Agreement, IGAD
is closely engaged with the Government of South Sudan and other stakeholders
through a variety of arrangements. First, through the Transitional Security
Arrangements Monitoring and Verification Mechanism, mandated under chapter II of
the Agreement to monitor, verify and report on violations of the ceasefire. Second,
through the reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission, an entity that
regularly briefs and reports to the Heads of State and Government of IGAD. Under
chapter VII of the Agreement, the reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation
Commission is responsible for monitoring and overseeing the implementation of the
Agreement. This includes assessing the mandate and tasks of the Revitalized
Transitional Government of National Unity and the adherence of the parties to the
agreed timelines and implementation schedule. In case of serious deficiencies, the
reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission is mandated to
recommend appropriate corrective action to the Revitalized Transitional Government
of National Unity. IGAD has also appointed Ismail Wais as Special Envoy for South
Sudan to coordinate the process of negotiation and implementation of the Agreement,
and has established a diplomatic liaison office in Juba to support the work of the
Special Envoy and compliment the efforts of the reconstituted Joint Monitoring and
Evaluation Commission. The Special Envoy, the Transitional Security Arrangements
Monitoring and Verification Mechanism, and the reconstituted Joint Monitoring and
Evaluation Commission all have gender advisers who have the potential to ensure that
gender is considered during mediation, monitoring and implementation activities. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | protection | protection |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Caution must however be taken to avoid the “add-on” phenomenon, where
gender parity performance goals are tacked onto increasingly long job descriptions of
Mission personnel. Goals should be thoughtfully embedded as part of staff roles and
responsibilities as posts are conceptualized. Unfortunately, where career advancement
is concerned, the United Nations system pursues a system of “post adjustment” as
opposed to promotion, thus offering no prospects to female personnel for upward
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movement within the system as they gain more experience and take on more complex
and challenging roles. This absence of upward mobility means that women hired in
junior positions remain there over long periods of time. A more in-depth study that
disaggregates this type of data should be considered. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Chapter II outlines the terms of the ceasefire between the parties and the process
for the cantonment, training and reunification of the security forces. While it does not
include a detailed vision for the future of the security forces, it does provide for the
reconstitution of a strategic defence and security review board in which women,
young people and civil society are to be represented and that will undertake strategic
security assessments and determine a vision for the future of the security sector. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Chapter IV of the agreement contains a road map for the strengthening of
economic, environmental and financial management, including legislative reviews,
as well as the enhancement of existing oversight bodies and the creation of new ones.
Chapter V contains the requirement that the Revitalized Transitional Government of
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National Unity initiate legislation for the establishment of the Commission for Truth,
Reconciliation and Healing, the Hybrid Court for South Sudan and the Compensation
and Reparation Authority, in which women are to be represented at a rate of 35 per
cent. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Consultations with representatives of civil society and non-governmental
organizations also revealed that survivors of sexual and gender-based violence and
conflict-related sexual violence have grossly insufficient access to services and
reparations, which means that women and girls as well as men and boys do not have
adequate access to medical services, psychosocial support and safe houses where
needed. Stakeholders highlighted the absence of a survivor-centred approach to
sexual and gender-based violence as a concern. The availability of data on sexual and
gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence is extremely limited, in
part, because of the reluctance of survivors and witnesses to report such violations
because of societal stigma, failure of some police to respect the confidentiality of
__________________
13 Final report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan (15 October 2014),
para. 358.
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survivors, reprisal attacks against those who report and a lack of services or redress
for survivors who come forward. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Credible elections are a vital component of the peace process: peaceful and
transparent elections will enhance the prospects for long-term stability, while an
electoral process that does not meet those criteria will, in all likelihood, undo the
progress achieved over years of sustained efforts and make a safe exit of the Mission
impossible. A number of actions have to precede credible elections in South Sudan.
Those actions include the reconstitution of a competent and independent National
Elections Commission, as outlined in the Revitalized Peace Agreement, conducting
an updated census, drafting and passing the Constitution and the Political Parties Act,
and educating and registering voters. The people of South Sudan will likely need
significant external support to accomplish those steps and the Agreement stip ulates
that the National Elections Commission may request technical assistance from
regional and international partners, in particular the African Union and the United
Nations. Government officials who spoke with the review team welcomed support on
those steps and UNMISS is well placed to provide technical advice, good offices
engagement, overall coordination and logistical support, alongside and in
coordination with UNDP, the African Union and IGAD. Such support should include
strategies to ensure that women and young people are meaningfully engaged as voters
and candidates, and that efforts continue to develop the capacity of civil society
stakeholders, including women leaders, to participate in governance processes. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Despite the limitations arising from these issues with community liaison
assistants, UNMISS has strong guidance for staff members that outlines how to ensure
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that community engagement is inclusive and does not have unintended negative
consequences for civilians. The Mission prescribes specific quotas for the inclusion
of women in its dialogue forums. However, UNMISS does not appear to have any
specific strategies or intentional activities to identify and reduce barriers to the
effective participation of women. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Despite those limitations, citizens used the national dialogue to air serious
grievances and express their views on the future direction of the country. In particular,
participants voiced support for ending violence in the country, investing oil revenues
in the agricultural sector, improving financial management and eradicating
corruption, and introducing a professionally trained, regionally balanced and
ethnically diverse army that reflected the character of the country. They also endorsed
the concept of federalism, increased resource allocations for state governments and a
clear division of powers between the three branches of government (legislative,
executive and judiciary). Women’s rights groups used the process to raise awareness
of gender equality at the community level while continuing to lobby and advocate for
an increased and more meaningful participation of women in the political process. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | During consultations with the review team, civil society leaders and human
rights advocates stressed that, even though security in a more general sense had
improved, the freedom of expression and the space for journalism and advocacy on
human rights had continued to shrink. National laws require meetings of more than
four people to be notified to and approved by the Government, making it difficul t for
civil society actors to operate. The review team was informed that, in particular,
youths, human rights defenders and women peacebuilders were threatened and
intimidated by government authorities. For instance, women leaders and networks
that have tried to raise awareness of conflict-related sexual violence or advocate for
the realization of the Government’s commitment to a 35 per cent inclusion rate for
women in the peace process have been harassed and targeted. In response to a peaceful
youth protest planned in May 2019, several government officials made public
statements in which they threatened the lives of activists if they chose to participate
in them.15 The constrained space for civil society activities and the restrictions on the
freedom of expression pose a real threat to the full implementation of the Revitalized
Peace Agreement, in particular the holding of credible and inclusive elections.
K. Limited gains women, peace and security agenda and
gender equality | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Efforts to establish the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation and Healing, and
the Compensation and Reparation Authority, as well as work by the national
authorities to prosecute lower-level perpetrators and lesser crimes, can continue in
parallel with efforts to establish the Hybrid Court. While some natural sequencing of
these activities may occur, most stakeholders did not feel that purposeful sequencing
would be necessary or beneficial. Interlocutors with experience in implementing
truth, reconciliation and post-conflict justice mechanisms in other parts of Africa
stressed that an inclusive approach to post-conflict reconciliation and justice was
needed from the very start. They suggested that the citizens of South Sudan must
agree on a shared future for the country and that discussions on this must be led at the
village, county, state and national levels to shape legal mechanisms for accountability
and to promote deeper reconciliation. The process should serve to encourage national
ownership of the problems it is intended to address, as well as of their respective
solutions. It was further suggested that particular attention should be paid to raising
women’s awareness of chapter V of the Revitalized Peace Agreement, especially at
the community level, given that many of the atrocities had had a distinct impact on
women. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Food insecurity fuels harmful coping mechanisms and livelihood decisions that
have a negative impact on individuals and families, especially women and girls. For
example, families may opt to subject girls to forced and early marriage in exchange
for dowry payments and women enter into transactional sexual relations to ensure the
survival of their families. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | For international staff, the parity goal of 50 per cent is made extremely difficult
by the 5 per cent vacancy rate within UNMISS. A freeze on recruitment and
restrictions to curb the spread of COVID-19 have posed additional difficulties. The
Mission has, however, made important progress in the area of retention, progression
and talent management through the sustained inclusion of women in recruitment
panels and adherence to the parity procedures for selection processes. The UNMISS
Human Resources Section has also been implementing gender parity performance
goals for all personnel, thus ensuring that discussions of gender equality and gender
provisions are taking place as part of the performance management cycles and that
awareness is constantly being raised. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | gender parity | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Gender parity within the Mission across its uniformed and civilian components
contributes to institutional transformation; a more nuanced and responsive approach
to peacemaking, peacekeeping and peacebuilding; and a more representative model
for engagement with society in South Sudan on gender equality at all levels. Gender
parity is therefore a goal that the Mission should continue to strive for until it is
attained. Several interlocutors stressed that UNMISS should bear in mind that the
concept of gender parity, at its core, goes beyond mere numbers; it is rather about
facilitating and enabling systemic transformation. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Given the already high risk of persecution that civil society leaders in South
Sudan face, and the increased risk that an electoral period could bring in that regard,
it would be beneficial if UNMISS increased its focus on protecting human rights
defenders. The Security Council could consider including such a focus in the
UNMISS mandate as appropriate. There is also a need for UNMISS to deepen its
focus on conflict-related sexual violence and its understanding of such violence as a
key facet of conflict that undermines peace. Public reporting by the Human Rights
Division in 2019 and 2020 included reporting that was specifically focused on
conflict-related sexual violence, and UNMISS officials contributed to the country’s
capacity to address conflict-related sexual violence by means of training and
curriculum development. However, those efforts need broader support from the
Mission. Some interlocutors proposed incorporating in its work, where possible and
where it has limitations, specialized expertise and capacity made available through
other United Nations system entities, such as the United Nations Entity for Gender
Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women). The UNMISS Human
Rights Division, alongside its Rule of Law Advisory Section and electoral affairs
officers, will also need to support legislative reforms envisioned as part of the
implementation of the Revitalized Peace Agreement.
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2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Given the lack of field-based personnel with expertise on conflict-related sexual
violence, the UNMISS Human Rights Division should consider redesignating some
field-based human rights officers as women protection advisers or continue
progressively double-hatting these field-based posts with updated terms of reference
that require the recruitment of staff with specialized knowledge of gender and
conflict-related sexual violence. The Mission should also ensure that civilian staff
outside the Human Rights Division are increasingly equipped to identify and address
conflict-related sexual violence, either by enhancing training or through the expanded
use of field-based gender and women protection focal points. In this critical area, the
Mission could consider hiring national professional staff, when appropriate, who
could bring a deep knowledge of the context and technical and language skills to
complement the different skill sets of international staff. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Given the limited progress in implementing the gender-related provisions of the
Revitalized Peace Agreement, some United Nations officials and civil society actors
identified a need for UNMISS to expand the use of its good offices role to advocate
for women’s participation at every stage of the process to implement the Agreement.
Efforts should be focused on constant messaging on gender equality and gender
indicators to political leaders. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Given this shift in the role envisioned for individual police officers, the United
Nations should ensure that individual police officers deployed to UNMISS have
increased knowledge and diversified expertise on gender, sexual and gender-based
violence, police reform and investigations, and other technical skills that will allow
them to contribute to the strengthening of the justice chain in South Sudan. This might
require shifting some posts for individual police officers to the specialized police
team in order to expand the team. The Mission could also consider deploying
individual police officers as liaisons to the Rule of Law Advisory Section and the
Human Rights Section to ensure coherence in their efforts to strengthen the justice
chain. In addition, UNMISS should support the South Sudan National Police Service
to increase the number of women in the Service and enhance its capabilities for
performing policing duties. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In addition to its broader protection of civilians mandate, UNMISS has
specialized protection roles relating to sexual and gender-based violence, conflict-
related sexual violence and child protection. Drawing on consultations, the review
team concluded that UNMISS had made concrete contributions to the protection of
civilians from sexual and gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence.
The Mission’s outreach activities have increased awareness that sexual and gender-
based violence and conflict-related sexual violence are violations of international law
and national laws. More concretely, UNMISS advocacy has led to the release of
abducted women and girls, most notably in Western Equatoria, where in 2019, over
100 women and girls were released from the control of the Sudan People’s Liberation
Movement/Army in Opposition. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In addition to its public reporting role, UNMISS plays a key role in tracking
conflict-related sexual violence through the monitoring, analysis and reporting
arrangements, and in tracking the six grave violations against children through the
monitoring and reporting mechanism on children and armed conflict. While United
Nations system agencies contribute information to these mechanisms and can play an
important role in alerting UNMISS to the need for investigations where violations are
suspected, UNMISS bears the primary responsibility for managing the monitoring
and reporting arrangements and mechanisms, which can generate vital analysis for
interventions and signal a need for scaled-up diplomatic engagement on violations.
Some humanitarian and development officials indicated that UNMISS, the United
Nations country team and international non-governmental organizations needed to
strengthen the uniformity of data-collection on conflict-related sexual violence,
relationships among actors monitoring sexual and gender-based violence and conflict-
related sexual violence, and safe information-sharing. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In addition to protecting civilians at designated sites, UNMISS contributes to
improved physical protection through the patrols of its military component. Mission
officials and humanitarian actors agreed that integrated patrols were more beneficial
than patrols carried out solely by the military component because they made it
possible to engage with a greater number and wider variety of actors and could
address more targeted issues. For those reasons, UNMISS has increasingly relied on
integrated rather than purely military patrols. Documentation provided to the review
team and consultations with UNMISS officials and humanitarian actors indicate that
most UNMISS patrols continue to be short-duration patrols carried out during
daylight hours with a limited reach. However, UNMISS offic ials explained that the
Mission had begun to adopt a hub-and-spoke operating model. That model relies on
the creation of temporary bases over extended periods from which the Mission can
launch patrols to remoter areas that would otherwise be inaccessible. The Mission has
also attempted to adopt an effects-based patrolling system to ensure that patrols have
a clear purpose and the UNMISS Human Rights Division has built a closer
relationship with the force to share information on identified hotspots and direc t
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patrols to those hotspots. Moreover, it has become a regular practice for the force to
conduct patrols that facilitate the movement of women into and out of the protection
of civilians sites to reduce the potential for sexual and gender-based violence or
conflict-related sexual violence while they are collecting firewood. Those are
welcome efforts that appear to be having an initial, albeit still limited, impact on the
quality of patrols. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In addition, the Mission has hosted a series of grass-roots dialogues that bring
civil society actors from around the country to Juba to discuss the peace process and
underlying societal drivers of conflict. The Mission reported that grass-roots dialogue
forums have included women at a rate of 30 to 40 per cent and that some of the topics
were focused on the protection and empowerment of women and girls. The impact of
those activities was difficult to assess at the time of the review and, according to civil
society leaders, follow-up on the recommendations made would be important to
ensure their impact. Certainly, these efforts are aligned with guidance stressing the
importance of inclusivity to sustain peace processes and have the potential to expand
civic space, raise understanding of the Revitalized Peace Agreement among the
population, make political actors feel more responsible to constituencies outside the
capital, and leverage the overwhelming support for peace that civilians have
expressed. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In particular, UNMISS should increase its targeted support to the national justice
system, mobile courts, the constitution-drafting process and the development of
legislation in support of the peace process, financial management and anti-corruption
bodies. The Mission’s support to the development of transparent and accountable
governance institutions in South Sudan should include efforts to ensure that
committees and mechanisms include women and young people, and should leverage
the activities of women’s rights and youth organizations that are already doing work
in those areas. The review team noted that UNDP had established programmes to
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support the justice chain in South Sudan, which included upgrading prison
infrastructure, providing training to corrections officers and inmates, and establishing
a database for corrections officers to track inmates and staff. However, South
Sudanese officials stressed that, despite current programming, needs remained
significant. The Mission activities should complement rather than duplicate UNDP
programming. As the highest-ranking United Nations official in South Sudan, the
Special Representative of the Secretary-General in South Sudan is the global focal
point for the rule of law in the country, should facilitate the development of a coherent
strategy for the support given by UNMISS and by United Nations agencies, funds and
programmes to justice, the rule of law and accountability structures and processe s in
South Sudan. The Mission should also continue to provide technical support to the
development of legislation on housing, land and property, and national mechanisms
to resolve housing, land and property disputes. In line with the human rights due
diligence policy, UNMISS will need to ensure that such support does not contribute
to violations of international humanitarian law, human rights law and refugee law.
b. Engaging on security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization
and reintegration | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | protection | protection |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In South Sudan, many communities also exchange cows as a dowry for a br ide
before marriage. For years, the rising cost of livestock and diminished access to cattle
have contributed to cattle raiding by youths that have sometimes triggered cycles of
retaliatory raids and intercommunal violence. Those practices are also a signi ficant
driver of sexual and gender-based violence. Women are sometimes abducted during
cattle raids, or they are raped by youths to avoid having to pay a dowry, because in
such circumstances it is common practice for families to negotiate a marriage between
the rapist and the survivor at a lower bride price or even without one. The economic
crisis has also driven many families to marry off girls at a younger age so as to receive
dowry payments as a supplement to their income. While such violence may be rooted
in socioeconomic practices and may be motivated by personal gain, those dynamics
intensify the vulnerability of youths to mobilization by political actors, who can
supply them with the weapons they need for such cattle raids in exchange for support
during military operations.
__________________
6 Saferworld, “Communities tackling small arms and light weapons in South Sudan: lessons learnt
and best practices”, briefing, July 2018.
7 World Bank Group, “South Sudan”, Macro-Poverty Outlook, No. 284 (Washington, D.C.,
October 2020).
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G. Systemic governance challenges | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | In the light of those considerations, in the UNMISS mandate, the recognition
should be included of an expanded technical, political and coordination role for
UNMISS with regard to electoral support, with the expectation that logistical support
will be scaled up as legislative hurdles are cleared and voter registration and education
begins. In addition to providing technical assistance and capacity-building to South
Sudanese electoral institutions alongside agencies of the United Nations country
team, UNMISS and the country team should strategically provide capacity -building
support to other relevant stakeholders, such as political parties, the judiciary, the
media, women and other civil society groups. The Mission should continue its work
on grass-roots dialogues and political party forums in coordination with United
Nations agencies, funds and programmes. Such efforts can promote much-needed
civic space, inclusivity in the peace process and accountability between citizens and
political actors for the implementation of the Revitalized Peace Agreement, in
particular the aspects that will be of the greatest benefit to South Sudanese civilians. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Intercommunal violence is not a new phenomenon in South Sudan. South
Sudanese youths have engaged in cattle raiding and cycles of retaliatory
intercommunal violence in the past, spurred by high bride prices, competition over
resources, limited economic opportunities, lack of access to formal justice systems
and gendered pressures on male youths that greatly contribute to gender-based
violence and protection threats to women and girls. However, in consultations with
the review team, stakeholders stressed that the dynamics of in tercommunal violence
are shifting. Recent cycles of intercommunal violence have been highly politicized,
leading UNMISS and other actors to categorize the violence as a subnational
extension of political competition rather than fully localized intercommunal violence
per se. Interlocutors informed the review team that, in the most recent outbreak of
violence between Dinka, Nuer and Murle communities in Jonglei State, youths
displayed high levels of organization. There was evidence of fighters being resupplied
with weapons from outside the state and there were clear lines of communication
between fighters on the ground, local power brokers and political actors in the capital.
Likewise, recent attempts to disarm civilians in South Sudan have triggered tensions
and, in some cases, violence, because of concerns among youths that disarmament
campaigns were politically motivated and not implemented evenly across
communities. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Limited attention has been paid to the prevention pillar of the women, peace and
security agenda by State authorities and other actors because of the overwhelming
need to respond to protection, relief and recovery concerns. The critical role that
__________________
15 Amnesty International, “South Sudan: authorities crack down on critics in cross-border campaign
of intimidation”, 18 July 2019.
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/1325(2000)
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women leaders and networks play in conflict resolution, early warning and brokeri ng
peace at the local level continues to go largely unrecognized and undersupported.
international actors have made many of the investments in physical protection, the
delivery of humanitarian services and development work, such as emergency
reproductive health responses. Investment in preventative measures will be an
important but long-term exercise. Stakeholders noted that, as part of such
interventions, an empowerment approach should be prioritized that centralizes
women as decision makers who inform and influence protection outcomes. Moreover,
a joint effort by the United Nations system is needed to ensure a coordinated response
comprising the provision of services such as gender-based violence hotlines, crisis
centres, mechanisms to remove women and girls from violent situations, poverty
reduction programmes that offer alternatives to negative coping mechanisms and
risky livelihood options, and various community-developed interventions aimed at
changing attitudes and societal norms. Women and girls in South Sudan continue to
be exposed to the multifaceted physical, social, economic and psychological impacts
of the conflict as they face severe livelihood challenges and threats to their physical
safety and bodily integrity. COVID-19 has exacerbated those challenges.
III. Opportunities presented by the ongoing peace process
A. Revitalized Peace Agreement | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Long-term displacement at protection sites has led to some fundamental societal
shifts and social stratification between those living inside and outside the sites,
including changes in gender relations. Because of the different security threats facing
men and women, women more regularly leave protection sites than men and, in many
cases, have assumed the role of breadwinners. In some locations, children living
inside the sites have had different access to educational opportunities than those
outside, including limited access to national examinations required for graduation and
therefore advancement to higher levels of education. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | protection | protection |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Moreover, strategic communication, as a cross-cutting issue, is crucial to the
ability of UNMISS to implement the four pillars of its mandate. While most
stakeholders hold UNMISS in high regard and, almost unanimously, recognize the
Mission’s added value, enhancing the Mission’s efforts in strategic communications
could help to manage unrealistic expectations of what the Mission, with its limited
resources, can accomplish. A greater understanding among stakeholders of the role
and limitations of UNMISS could help the Mission to maintain its credibility, which
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is vital to its ability to operate effectively. Strategic communications can and should
serve protection and political goals more directly by creating a broader awareness of
political processes and aspirational shifts in societal norms of gender equality. That
can lead to both support for those processes and a demand for accountability when
political elites fail to turn the commitments to peace that they have signed on paper
into realities. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Moreover, the United Nations country team is implementing a cooperation
framework with the Government in support of the Revitalized Peace Agreement,
__________________
18 See Security Council resolution 2514 (2020), para. 17.
19 See ibid., para. 8 (c) (ii) and (iii).
20 See ibid., para. 36.
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
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which is informed by the national development strategy. The cooperation framework
is focused on four thematic areas: building peace and strengthening governance;
improving food security and recovering local economies; strengthening social
services; and empowering women and youth. In the first year of the implementation
of the cooperation framework, 2019, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes
collaborated with national entities to deliver more than $200 million of programmes
in these four areas. Each year, United Nations humanitarian agencies, together with
non-governmental organizations, have provided humanitarian assistance of more than
$1 billion to support approximately 5 million people. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Norway, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the
United States of America constitute a group of countries referred to as the “troika”
that was closely involved in the negotiation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement
between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s
Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army, and in support to South
Sudan after independence. The members of the troika have appointed special envoys
to engage on South Sudan and, to a degree, have coordinated their political
engagement by releasing joint statements. Those statements, accompanied by political
démarches, appear to have successfully influenced political processes in the past. In
the first 10 months of 2020, the troika delivered four statements on the situation in
South Sudan. After a quieter period in the first half of 2020 (with only two
statements), all troika envoys to South Sudan made their first visit to the country since
2017 in September 2020. During that visit, the troika countries urged all sides to
demonstrate the leadership needed to deliver progress and maintain peace, and
highlighted the need to move forward on outstanding tasks, including transitional
security arrangements, ensuring transparency in public finances and the participation
of women in the peace process. Stakeholders, while cognizant that these statements
could have an impact, indicated that they needed to be followed up by diplomatic
engagement. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | On the basis of consultations, the review team first concluded that an increased
political role for UNMISS was needed, in coordination with regional and continental
actors and in support of their efforts. Second, the capacity-building role of UNMISS
should be focused on increased technical support to tasks outlined in the peace
process, in particular those that could strengthen governance, the justice chain,
women’s participation in political processes and credible elections. The Mission
should also focus on enhanced capacity-building for civil society organizations,
including women leaders, networks and organizations, which play a key role in
accountable governance. Larger governance and financial management reforms are
also vital, and UNMISS can support those through political engagement. The
credibility of UNMISS, and the United Nations more broadly, requires a “do no harm”
approach, working with unified entities and balancing engagement between
government and non-governmental actors. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | On the basis of Security Council resolution 2514 (2020), the Secretariat
prepared terms of reference for the review team, in which it requested the team to do
the following: evaluate how political solutions could be achieved, as defined in the
Revitalized Peace Agreement; formulate recommendations on how UNMISS could
best implement its responsibilities regarding the protection of civilians across all
mandate components; assess how to strengthen accountability for human rights
violations in support of national judicial institutions and promote inclusive security
sector reform; evaluate how to achieve greater synergies between UNMISS and other
United Nations humanitarian and development partners, as well as with external
actors, so as to fulfil common goals and ultimately meet peacebuilding objectives;
and consider the extent to which the Mission, working closely with relevant United
Nations entities and with regional and international actors could assist South
Sudanese stakeholders in laying the foundations for accountable and transpare nt
governance. Under its terms of reference, the review team was further to assess gender
in the following ways: as a mainstreamed component of the Mission’s mandate; as a
central tenet of the Revitalized Peace Agreement and the peace process more
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
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generally; and as a key area of focus in the United Nations system-wide strategy on
gender parity (2017–2028), both to change the institutional culture and as a working
approach to support achievement of the Mission’s mandate.
C. Methodology | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | On the topic of overall strategic and operational coordination of protection
activities, the review team concluded that, although many UNMISS sections are
carrying out work that contributes to protection across all three tiers of the protection
of civilians concept, these activities are not necessarily developed as part of targeted,
coordinated plans to address clearly identified protection concerns. Many dialogue
activities remain one-off engagements without a follow-up or strategies for achieving
concrete outcomes being planned. Although the Mission’s leadership has attempted
to promote an effects-based and outcome-oriented approach, field office strategies are
not based on a detailed analysis and are not updated regularly enough to address
specific protection threats. They provide a general framework, not a nuanced one, for
addressing protection threats. Recent initiatives to address subnational violence in
Jonglei have been more coordinated and grounded in a more thorough analysis of the
actors and dynamics involved. The Mission could likewise benefit from increased
coordination between protection of civilians advisers and UNMISS personnel
carrying out specialized protection functions, such as conflict-related sexual violence
and child protection. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Regional actors were supportive of the regular engagement that occurs between
the IGAD, the African Union and the United Nations, and the review team identified
efforts to coordinate the activities of these actors. In 2018, the three organizations
agreed on a concept note regarding their mutual collaboration in support of the
Revitalized Peace Agreement in South Sudan. Since 2017, senior officials of the
African Union Commission and the United Nations Secretariat have conducted
several joint visits to South Sudan. The African Union Commissioner for Peace and
Security, Smail Chergui, Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations of the United
Nations Jean-Pierre Lacroix and the IGAD Special Envoy for South Sudan, Ismail
Wais, conducted a joint visit to South Sudan in May 2019. The ambassadors of the
African Union High-level Ad Hoc Committee for South Sudan participated in the
visit. In the second half of 2019, the United Nations, the African Union and IGAD
undertook a coordinated effort to encourage face-to-face meetings between the
President and the now First Vice-President, and encourage the formation of the
Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity. UNMISS also provided
logistical support to IGAD field visits as required, as well as to visits of the African
Union Peace and Security Council. In July 2018, the Deputy Secretary-General and
the Special Envoy of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission on Women,
Peace and Security, undertook a joint African Union-United Nations solidarity visit
to South Sudan focused on women’s participation. There were also opportunities for
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the Special Envoy to strengthen cooperation with UNMISS and relevant United
Nations and IGAD entities, in particular by reinforcing engagement with gender
advisers in relevant IGAD bodies and within UNMISS. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Regional interlocutors informed the review team that they would welcome
additional support from the United Nations, including material and technical support,
to ensure that their officials were able to contribute to the advancement of the peace
process more effectively. They also stressed the need to shift the focus of meetings
from ad hoc engagement centred on information-sharing, to more structured
engagement and the formulation of joint strategies, possibly based on a joint
assessment of post-conflict needs and a shared analysis. Interlocutors expressed
various opinions on which regional actors had a comparative advantage in engaging
on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and on security sector reform, but
widely agreed that the extensive footprint of UNMISS around the country placed it
in a position to lead on engagement with South Sudanese civilian authorities at the
state level, support the devolution of responsibilities to states and help regional actors
to extend their reach to the subnational level. With regard to addressing gender
equality, regional stakeholders observed that UNMISS could facilitate access to
communities for activities geared towards normative and cultural changes. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | ddr | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Sexual violence against women, girls, men and boys has been a central feature
of the conflict across different time periods and has been perpetrated by all major
armed groups in the country. Conflict-related sexual violence has a severe impact on
individual survivors and can have a devastating intergenerational effect on
communities. In a survey held in South Sudan in 2017, it was found that 28 per cent
of the women interviewed in Juba and 33 per cent of the women interviewed in
Rumbek were survivors of rape, attempted rape or other forms of sexual assault by a
non-partner. For men, those numbers were 9 per cent and 6 per cent, respectively. 2
Given the tendency of survivors to underreport sexual violence, those numbers likely
represent an underestimate of the actual scale of conflict-related sexual violence. The
lack of accountability for those crimes and the absence of consistent and systematic
messaging and efforts by commanders to prevent conflict-related sexual violence
have contributed to their proliferation. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Since 2017 UNMISS has made steady progress within the four stra tegic
intervention areas of gender parity: setting targets and monitoring progress for parity
at all levels (and across all sections within the Mission); leadership and
accountability; recruitment, retention, progression and talent management; and
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creating an enabling environment. The Mission established a technical working group
on gender parity which, according to UNMISS officials, enjoys broad support among
the Mission’s leadership, who are committed to the benchmarks the working group
has set out to achieve. The working group engages with all sections of the Mission
and, through regular advocacy, raises awareness of the importance of gender parity
among staff. Although critical, achieving progress on staffing targets has been the
most difficult task for UNMISS. Women make up 5.3 per cent of the UNMISS force,
24 per cent of United Nations police officers, 28 per cent of international civilian
personnel, 14 per cent of national civilian staff and 37 per cent of United Nations
Volunteers. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Some progress was noted on specific human rights issues. In particular, political
and military actors in the country have issued statements condemning conflict -related
sexual violence. In 2014, the Government signed a joint communiqué with the Unite d
Nations on its prevention and, in 2019, developed action plans for addressing it in the
military and police forces. The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement /Army in
Opposition also developed a workplan to address it and has worked with UNMISS to
train military personnel within its ranks on conflict-related sexual violence. The topic
has also been considered in the development of training materials for unified forces.
In September 2020, 13 soldiers of the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces were
convicted of rape by a court martial in Yei. This progress demonstrates that there is
some political will to begin to address conflict-related sexual violence. However,
conflict-related sexual violence and sexual and gender-based violence continue to be
committed by a variety of armed actors in South Sudan, across geographic locations,
largely with impunity, in the context of political conflict, intercommunal violence and
criminal activity. The review team also noted with concern that, despite their stated
commitment to reducing conflict-related sexual violence, some South Sudanese
authorities either entirely denied the occurrence of those violations or minimized their
severity. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | South Sudan is an exceedingly challenging context in which to work and has
difficult working and living conditions. This is particularly true for women. The
review team was informed that the Division of Mission Support, led by a woman, had
made significant efforts to create a more enabling environment by, for example,
bringing in a gynaecologist and improving accommodation facilities by allowing for
the reimbursable erection of private ablution facilities. Those measures ensure that
women can be guaranteed safety and security, thrive in the environment, and remain
longer without having to fundamentally compromise their quality of life. An
important area of transformative investment within the Mission has been the
establishment of women’s support groups by UNMISS female personnel. Those
groups provide a space for women within the Mission to support one another, create
opportunities for professional development and offer mentorship and peer support. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Stakeholders pointed out that the underlying gender imbalances and inequalities
that exist at a societal level are replicated across all organized forces. The few women
serving in the security forces do not enjoy similar treatment or benefit from the same
resources as their male counterparts. The review team further noted that insufficient
attention had been paid to gender aspects of disarmament, demobilization and
reintegration, and security sector reform, such as the question of how to demobilize
non-combatant women or armed women who played support roles in the army.
Likewise, inadequate attention has been paid to women who were forced into
association with armed groups against their will, including through abduction. As a
starting point, there is little to no sex-disaggregated data for the organized forces,
which presents a significant challenge. Stakeholders reported that it is not easy to
distinguish which women should be considered part of the security forces for
purposes of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration or security sector reform,
given the range of activities that women have assumed, from support roles to active
participation in combat. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | ddr | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Stakeholders stressed that, although it was challenging to do so, UNMISS
needed to further prioritize the physical protection of civilians from sexual and
gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence. A review of several
analytical products in use by UNMISS revealed that they performed an analysis of
how youth dynamics contributed to violence, but also that there were gaps in the
gendered analysis of threats. Moreover, stakeholders in the military and police
components identified a need to ensure that gender is better incorporated into conflict
analysis and planning processes and that staff, particularly gender focal points,
receive more training on identifying and responding to sexual and gender-based
violence. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan, which was
established by the African Union Peace and Security Council in December 2013 to
investigate human rights violations and other abuses committed during the first year
of the civil war, has documented a range of serious violations. In particular, the
Commission concluded that it was reasonable to believe that some of those amounted
to crimes against humanity and war crimes, including torture, rape and forced
enlisting of children. The Commission noted that sexual violence and extrajudicial
killings had been carried out systematically and with extreme brutality by all parties
to the conflict.13 Hundreds, if not thousands, were killed in the first days of the
fighting. The Human Rights Division of UNMISS and the Commission on Human
Rights in South Sudan, which was established in 2016, have documented similar and
ongoing violations throughout the civil war. The Mission has documented an
organized campaign of sexual violence that took place in Unity State as recently as
from September to December 2018. As already noted, the number of violations
recorded by UNMISS dropped in 2019 but has surged in 2020. In consultations with
the review team, some government authorities disputed the validity of the reporting
by the United Nations and international non-governmental organization on human
rights violations. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The continued delivery of life-saving support to South Sudanese civilians is
critical. It is therefore important that international aid organizations work with
national actors to ensure that humanitarian and development aid is aligned with needs
on the ground. Humanitarian and development actors can mitigate any harm that
could result from capacity-building and the provision of resources by ensuring that
the assistance is grounded in a conflict analysis. Among other precautions, United
Nations agencies, funds and programmes are responsible for implementing the human
rights due diligence policy on United Nations support to non-United Nations security
forces. They should implement the policy robustly when providing support to national
security forces to safeguard against support that would unintentionally contribute to
human rights violations and violations of international humanitarian law.
__________________
11 United Nations, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, “South Sudan: quarterly
humanitarian access snapshot, July to September 2020”, fact sheet, 19 October 2020.
12 Joshua Craze, “Displacement, access, and conflict in South Sudan: a longitudinal perspective”,
Conflict Sensitivity Resource Facility South Sudan, May 2018.
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I. Continued human rights violations and the prevalence of
impunity, including for conflict-related sexual violence | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Mission carries out a variety of activities that help to prevent violence and
create an environment conducive to protection, as outlined in the first and third tiers
of the Department of Peace Operations concept of protection of civilians. The
UNMISS Civil Affairs Division, for example, carried out a number of rapprochement
activities between officials of the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces and the Sudan
People’s Liberation Movement/Army in Opposition, and other opposition military
officials, to reduce tensions between them and organize local agreements on freedom
of movement for civilians between areas controlled by different armed actors. The
Mission estimated that such engagements in Western Bahr el-Ghazal, Upper Nile and
Unity states led to a reduction in the number of checkpoints on the roads and increased
civilians’ freedom of movement to visit marketplaces and pursue l ivelihoods. Civil
affairs officers also organized civil-military dialogues to identify and advocate
against the abuse of civilians by armed actors and hosted inter- and intracommunal
dialogues to promote social cohesion. The Civil Affairs Division maintained
participation quota for the forums of 30 per cent for women and 20 per cent for young
people to ensure inclusivity. On a number of occasions, UNMISS facilitated travel by
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national political actors, including parliamentarians, to areas of the country whe re
tensions were rising. With the assistance of national and community leaders, UNMISS
managed to calm tensions. In the second half of 2019, such interventions were
conducted in the Rumbek North area of Lakes state and in Boma and Kapoeta counties
in Eastern Equatoria. The activities are part of the UNMISS effort to better li nk its
subnational engagement with national political dynamics. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Mission has limited capacity to engage on security sector reform and
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and is not the ideal actor to support
some aspects of security sector reform. Moreover, a number of UNMISS officials and
think tank experts advised that a scale-up of those functions and wider support to
them was unlikely to have a substantial positive impact at the current time, and could
have a negative impact unless political actors demonstrated the will to engage in
serious reforms. However, UNMISS can increase assistance for the development of a
national vision and strategy for security sector reform that takes into account relevant
contextual gender considerations. Such a plan should also be fiscally realistic,
ethnically inclusive and decentralized. Parties will need to agree on the overall size
of the security sector, the integration of armed groups and the professionalization of
personnel. The Mission should collaborate with the African Union, IGAD and the
reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission in supporting the
development of the plan. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | ssr | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Mission has made some improvements for the safety and security of staff.
According to Mission personnel, several field hospitals were upgraded to improve the
ability of UNMISS to care for wounded and sick staff. An integrated operations centre
was established in Juba to ensure that the Department of Safety and Security, United
Nations police and the force work more closely together on issues of staff safety and
security. The review team also identified notable improvements to living and physical
working conditions for female personnel, in line with the Secretary-General’s gender
parity benchmarks, which should have a significant impact on the retention rates for
female civilian personnel. Much more needs to be done, however, to increase those
numbers further as highlighted in chapter V of the present report. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Mission has supported the development of domestic capacity to monitor
and advocate on human rights abuses by regularly convening meetings with human
rights defenders, including with a network of organizations working to address
conflict-related sexual violence. In 2019, UNMISS also provided technical support to
the committees of the Transitional National Legislative Assembly on legislation,
justice and human rights, and humanitarian affairs by helping to convene three
consultations at which the domestication of international crimes into national law
were discussed. The efforts of UNMISS helped to ensure that civil society actors were
actively involved in those conversations. While laws have yet to be adopted in many
areas where they are needed, the consultations have led to widespread agreement on
a process for addressing legislative issues related to human rights. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Mission should also reinforce the quality of its collaboration with
humanitarian actors in identifying hotspots, when appropriate and when those actors
are willing to share such information with UNMISS. In particular, more could be done
with sharing of information on patterns and levels of conflict-related sexual violence
while respecting the confidentiality of survivors. Relationship-building and
information-sharing protocols are a key to improving the exchange of information.
The Mission should also consider enhancing the sharing of evidence with regional
bodies that are also mandated to document evidence of conflict-related sexual
violence and other human rights violations. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Mission should maintain its dedicated child protection capacity. In addition
to the recommended changes in field-based expertise in conflict-related sexual
violence already identified, the UNMISS Human Rights Division should consider
whether it can continue to enhance its capabilities, within current staffing levels, by
shifting additional staff members to the Division’s rapid investigation team. Lastly,
the Division currently has very limited capacity dedicated to implementing the human
rights due diligence policy. If the Mission increases its technical support role as
envisioned in the present report, it would need to increase the number of dedicated
human rights due diligence policy officers within the Division.
E. Shifting role of the Relief, Reintegration and Protection Section to
enhance field-based protection capacity of the Mission | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The national dialogue has unfolded as a track-two peace process parallel to the
implementation of the Revitalized Peace Agreement and has resulted in resolutions
on a number of issues. Many stakeholders consulted by the review team had an
interest in ensuring that the recommendations put forward resulted in concrete action
and directly informed processes related to the implementation of the Revitalized
Peace Agreement, such as constitution-drafting and determining the focus and
modalities of the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation and Healing. South Sudanese
government authorities largely agreed that the national dia logue resolutions and
recommendations should inform the constitution-making process. Given the concerns
about the inclusivity of the dialogue and the importance of continued buy-in for peace
at the grass-roots level, consideration could be given to an additional follow-on
consultation phase to enable segments of the population and political actors not
adequately represented to date to participate. Such a phase could include a sustained
dialogue through the establishment of inclusive local peace committees a imed at
building trust between communities and political actors largely similar to the
multiparty negotiation process in South Africa, which was launched in April 1993.
Intensified engagement by UNMISS, relevant United Nations actors, the reconstituted
Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission, IGAD and the African Union could
ensure that the process is aligned with the implementation of the Revitalized Peace
Agreement and bolster participation of women’s groups in the dialogue efforts.
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C. Local readiness and capacities for peace | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Office of Military Affairs should ensure that troops deployed to UNMISS
have adequate knowledge and skills to perform mandated tasks, while UNMISS
should, as outlined in the United Nations Infantry Battalion Manual, ensure that
incoming troops are evaluated for their knowledge of protection of civilians, in
particular with regard to sexual and gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual
violence. Closing skills gaps in-Mission is difficult, given the pace of operations.
However, where skills and knowledge are lacking, UNMISS should work to address
these gaps. The Mission should also increase the number of dedicated gender experts
within the force. Mobile training teams from New York or regional peacekeeping
training centres with relevant gender and conflict-related sexual violence expertise
could support these efforts. The Mission should also take steps to ensure that
knowledge is not lost with the turnover of force gender advisers and should review
the length of deployment for such advisers to determine if it is appropriate or if it
undermines the effectiveness of their role.
B. Adjusting the skill sets of United Nations police and
corrections officers | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The requirements of UNMISS for individual police officers will likely remain
relatively stable in the coming year and individual police officers will need to remain
deployed at all 10 field sites where they currently work. As the need for patrolling by
individual police officers in redesignated protection of civilians sites decreases,
UNMISS will need to increase the role of individual police officers in co -locating
with the South Sudan National Police Service to advise and monitor the South Sudan
National Police Service on-site. Some individual police officers should also shift to
supporting community policing initiatives, additional specialized training on sexual
and gender-based violence and protection of women, investigations and case
management, including supporting the justice chain and strengthening the skills of
the South Sudan National Police Service. Independently and through co-location with
the South Sudan National Police Service, UNMISS should adopt a model focused on
community policing that is tailored to different geographic areas rather than uniform
across the country. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The review team also took note of the existence of local conflict resolution
practices and mechanisms that could support peace efforts. Local institutions are
notably weak. The authority of community leaders has been threatened by
displacement and years of conflict in which armed actors have directly targeted
community leaders. However, there is also a history of local negotiation and peace
agreements, including efforts by women-led networks, that can be built upon.
Peacebuilders consulted by the review team stressed that, in the short term, local
peace agreements could improve trust and prevent or reduce levels of violence. In the
medium term, there was some potential for local peace agreements to trickle up.
D. International commitments | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The review team also understood the primacy of politics as meaning that the
United Nations should do everything possible to maximize its effectiveness by
harmonizing the use of United Nations resources and harnessing political
opportunities through coordinated action. To achieve that, first and foremost, the
Mission’s activities need to be guided by clear outcomes and integrated strategies that
are grounded in nuanced, regularly updated and gender-sensitive analysis of
protection needs and political developments. If the activities of various Mission
sections are not aligned and collectively targeted at specific threats and political
drivers of conflict, and concrete outcomes, they are unlikely to yield the expected
results. Integrated strategies should link technical and programmatic work with
political engagement and stretch from field offices, at the subnational level, to the
national and regional levels. Understanding how the Mission’s political and
protection mandates complement one another will continue to be vital for building
sustainable peace in South Sudan. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The review team further recognized as a guiding principle the importance of
adopting a gendered approach to peacekeeping. The Mission has invested in ensuring
that gender is mainstreamed across the four pillars of its mandate; also, it is
responsible for implementing specific gender-focused tasks. It is the view of the
review team that there is a need to deepen that approach and focus on specific
transformative investments in key aspects of the Mission’s mandated pillars, relations
with the Government and collaboration with the United Nations country team and
regional actors, especially where dedicated gender expertise and focus exists. A
gendered analysis of the South Sudanese environment reveals bleak prospects for the
security of women and girls, their bodily and physical integrity, the toll of the
humanitarian crisis on them, their meaningful participation in political processes and
any meaningful implementation of the gender provisions in the Revitalized Peace
Agreement. There is a need for the pooling of financial resources across the United
Nations system to ensure progress in these areas, the targeted deployment of gender
and women’s rights capacity and expertise within the Mission, a leveraging of the
existing institutional memory on gender, support for national institutions with gender-
related mandates and the embedding of gender norms, approaches and language in
political engagement with interlocutors at all levels. Shifts in institutional culture
towards gender equality and the protection of women and girls in the long term will
only be achieved with deliberate and consistent effort. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The review team observed that, although the numbers are far from sufficient,
women do occupy key and senior roles within the Mission. Six out of 10 heads of
field offices and three out of seven senior Mission leaders are women. Improvements
are still needed. Out of a possible 79 senior professional staff positions (P-5 and
above), only 35 per cent are occupied by women. The figures are less promising at
the junior professional levels (P-1 to P-4), where only 27 per cent are held by women.
Some sections of the Mission still have particularly low levels of female personnel.
For example, engineering and aviation have 8 per cent and 19 per cent women,
respectively, and transport only has 5 per cent. These teams, in addition to providing
a service, play a critical outward-facing role in the society of South Sudan,
particularly in field locations. It should be a priority for the Mission to increase the
numbers of women in these teams incrementally, especially as vacancies become
available. Women occupy more of the administrative and social-related roles such as
human resources and welfare, at 49 per cent and 44 per cent, respectively. United
Nations Volunteers, whose remuneration and benefits structures are significantly
different from ordinary United Nations staff, have higher levels of women, at 40 per
cent, which replicates the historical global norm of the gender pay gap. While the
numbers of women in those roles are commendable, the gains must be protected and
built upon by, for example, bringing in more female nationals of South Sudan.
C. Operationalization of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan and other
transitional justice mechanisms | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The review team’s interlocutors widely agreed that there was a direct link
between justice, accountability and sustainable peace and, therefore, that there was a
need for renewed efforts to achieve justice for past crimes. Chapter V of the
Revitalized Peace Agreement contains a mandate for the Government and the African
Union to establish the Hybrid Court for South Sudan and provides a road map for the
way forward. The Agreement stipulates that the Hybrid Court is to be an independent
hybrid judicial court for the investigation and, where necessary, prosecution of
individuals bearing responsibility for violations of international law and/or applicable
South Sudanese law committed in the period from 15 December 2013 to the end of
the transitional period.21 In its resolution 2514 (2020), the Security Council requested
__________________
21 Chapter V goes on to stipulate that the Hybrid Court for South Sudan is to be independent and is
to have jurisdiction with respect to genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other
serious crimes, including gender-based crimes and sexual violence.
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
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the Secretary-General to continue to make available technical assistance to the
African Union Commission and the Government of South Sudan in setting up the
Hybrid Court, and for the implementation of other aspects of Chapter V, including the
Commission for Truth, Reconciliation and Healing and the Compensation and
Reparation Authority. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The Revitalized Peace Agreement stipulates that women’s participation across
all structures of government should be guaranteed at 35 per cent . This commitment
has the potential to fundamentally transform the situation of women and girls, but
there has been a marked lethargy where it comes to implementing the gender
provisions of the Agreement at all levels. With only one woman appointed out of 10
governors, one woman out of five Vice Presidents and five women out of 35 cabinet
Ministers, the parties are yet to live up to their commitments. Moreover, it is
important that women not merely be present in government roles, but that women
representatives appointed to the Revitalized Transitional Government of National
Unity represent constituencies and their needs at the grass-roots level. If left
unaddressed, this will affect the long-term prospects of the peace process. Beyond the
Agreement, the meaningful participation of women in political life remains extremely
challenging and is an area that demands urgent attention and careful consideration of
transformative investments. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The UNMISS Political Affairs Division does not have political officers at the
field office level to carry out subnational engagement directly. Instead, heads of field
offices and civil affairs officers serve as political actors and are empowered to ensure
that their activities have a political dimension. The review team assessed how this
staffing arrangement affects the ability of the Mission to implement its political
mandate and concluded that the arrangement could help field offices to avoid taking
a siloed approach to political engagement and ensure that subnational efforts to
promote dialogue and address violence are grounded in political analysis. However,
for that system to work, heads of field offices and civil affairs officers need to
embrace the idea that they are political actors. In its activities, the Civil Affairs
Division needs to maintain a strong understanding of the political dimensions of
violence and the actors involved, while heads of field offices need political strategies
to address the range of issues that affect peace and stability in their areas of
operations. Moreover, heads of field offices and civil affairs officers deployed at the
field level need to be in regular engagement with the Political Affairs Division and
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the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Political Affairs in
Juba to align their political strategies. Much of that work also requires the application
of a robust gender lens. The complete absence of women protection advisers in field
locations and the limited number of gender officers deployed to the field makes this
difficult, particularly given the overwhelming range of work with which gender
affairs officers are tasked.
4. Monitoring and investigating human rights violations | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | The UNMISS Rule of Law Advisory Section has also provided technical advice
on and assistance in drafting the following: domestic legislation to support the
implementation of the action plans of the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces and
the South Sudan National Police Service against conflict -related sexual violence; an
audit chamber act (aimed at ensuring that government institutions had public
accountability); a petroleum act (aimed at promoting the transparent management of
oil resources); a banking act (aimed at supporting the transparent regulation of
financial institutions) and other laws outlined in chapter IV of the Revitalized Peace
Agreement. In partnership with United Nations system agencies and other actors,
UNMISS has also supported the development of a draft land policy that, if approved,
would help to strengthen the ability of South Sudanese institutions to peacefully
manage ownership rights and land disputes. Although parliament has made progress,
with UNMISS support, in drafting legislation in many areas, United Nations officials
noted that the adoption of that legislation had been stalled because of delays in
forming a new parliament and limited political will and interest in legislative reform
at the highest levels of the Government. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | There has been some progress in South Sudan on the women, peace and security
agenda. Women leaders, from political parties and civil society alike, substantively
participated in the negotiation process for the Revitalized Peace Agreement and are
also signatories to the final document. In 2018, several groupings of women
contributed to and witnessed the process, including women representatives from the
Government, the opposition, civil society and young people. For comparison, just one
group, affiliated with the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement, attended discussions
in 2015. More recently, in June 2020, the Government approved the national action
plan for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000). Also of
significance is the passing of laws against female genital mutilation, which
contribute, broadly, to the prevention pillar of the women, peace and security agenda.
However, other goals in the agenda remain unrealized, most notably full, equal and
meaningful participation of women and a guarantee of their rights and protection. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender specific | participation | participation |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Throughout the civil war, political and military elites have deliberately targeted
civilians with extrajudicial killings, sexual violence, forced displacement and the
destruction of homes and property. Such violence has often occurred along ethnic
lines, as ethnic groups were targeted as proxies for the political actors whom they
were assumed to support. An estimated 383,000 civilians have died as a result of the
civil war, including an estimated 190,000 from violent deaths. 1
__________________
1 Francesco Checchi and others, Estimates of Crisis-attributable Mortality in South Sudan,
December 2013–April 2018: A Statistical Analysis (London, London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, September 2018).
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2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | While stigma and potential retaliation against survivors remains a considerable
barrier to reporting, UNMISS and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes
have contributed to improving awareness of conflict-related sexual violence and the
rights of survivors. For example, in 2019, UNMISS partnered with the South Sudan
Council of Churches to disseminate a statement denouncing the stigma surrounding
survivors of conflict-related sexual violence. While it should not be expected that
each individual awareness campaign or event will shift perspectives, stakeholders
observed that, collectively and over time, such efforts made an important
contribution. In collaboration with the Office of the Special Representative of the
Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, UNMISS has secured
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condemnations of conflict-related sexual violence from the parties to the conflict and
commitments to reduce conflict-related sexual violence and, at the request of national
authorities, UNMISS has provided inputs on conflict-related sexual violence to
military training curricula. In addition, UNMISS has a special policing unit dedicated
to the protection of women, children and other vulnerable groups. Inside the
protection of civilians sites, its officers have carried out gender sensitiza tion activities
and responded to reports of sexual and gender-based violence alongside humanitarian
partners. Since 2019, in some areas of Juba, a specialized police team within the
United Nations police has co-located its officers with officers of the South Sudan
National Police Service to provide technical support on the management of sexual
and gender-based violence and juvenile crimes. While that is an important initiative,
one for which the leadership of the National Police Service has affirmed its sup port,
the review team noted that its impact was limited because of the low point at which
the capacity of the National Police Service to handle sexual and gender-based
violence had started and because trained officers were being rotated and reassigned
owing to low-level corruption and mismanagement. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | While violence directly attributable to the parties to the civil war has ebbed,
intercommunal violence has risen sharply over the past year and, in many cases, has
been fuelled directly by national political actors. Between July and September, the
UNMISS Human Rights Division recorded more than 260 violent incidents affecting
1,223 civilians. The vast majority of those incidents have been attributed to
politicized intercommunal violence. While this number represents a decrease in
violence as compared with the second quarter of the year, there was an increase in
conflict-related sexual violence of 88 per cent during the third quarter. The overall
decrease in violent incidents was largely the result of severe flooding that affected
many parts of the country and made the movement and activities of armed actors more
difficult. Overall, UNMISS has recorded significantly more violent incidents in 2020
than in 2019 (see figure I).
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Figure I
Victims of violent incidents in 2019 and 2020, January to September | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | With regard to the redesignation of protection of civilians sites, the review team
took note of concerns about the limited progress that has been made in vetting,
training and unifying security forces that will be responsible for the protection of
redesignated sites. While timelines for the redesignation of many of the sites had
already been identified by the Mission at the time of the review team’s consultations,
consultations with humanitarian actors underscored that future redesignations should
be based on a detailed security and protection analysis, including an analysis of
conflict-related sexual violence and forward-looking assessments of the political and
security dynamics. The Mission should further consider, in line with guidance
contained in the policy and handbook of the Department of Peace Operations on the
protection of civilians, its comparative advantage and the likely impact of its static
protection versus mobile deployments. The likely impact of those various activities
will evolve with shifts in the Mission’s operating environment and capabilities. Both
UNMISS and humanitarian actors agreed that there should be increased collaboration
to identify road maps for durable solutions for internally displaced persons, and that
those should be based on consultations with the internally displaced persons
themselves.
https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2514(2020)
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20-16178 64/74 | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | protection | protection |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Within the force, 4.8 per cent of the units are made up by women (672 out of
14,017) and 17.5 per cent of staff officers from 14 contributing countries are women
(67 out of 383). While the overall number of women deployed within the force has
not significantly increased in recent years, female engagement teams have been
deployed by contributing countries including Bangladesh and Ghana. Mongolia has
reached parity within its engagement teams, with 40 to 50 per cent women. Various
interlocutors confirmed that those teams enabled increased interaction with women
and girls in communities. The Mission is unlikely to achieve gender parity within the
force unless radical action is taken outside the Mission, including by Member States,
which can support the development of national action plans to address this
shortcoming in their militaries. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | protection | protection |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | Within United Nations police, 31.2 per cent of the individual police officers are
women and 23.1 per cent of the officers in the formed police units are women. Those
figures exceed the Mission’s 2028 gender parity goal for United Nations police, which
was to have 30 per cent women as individual police officers and 20 per cent women
in the formed police units. Half of the field office leaders in the United Nations police
are also women. This progress is notable. Moving forward, the United Nations will
need to focus on preventing regression in these numbers and should consider
establishing even more ambitious targets. There is potential for further progress,
coupled with the collection of more nuanced data on the roles and contributions of
male and female United Nations police officers. The Mission proposed a number of
measures that could serve to maintain and improve progress, including the use of
medal parades and induction procedures to raise awareness of gender equality,
advocacy with police contributing countries to increase female participation in all
police contingents, continuing to improve the living conditions for female personnel
and augmenting support to female officers within contr ibuting countries through
deployment preparation programmes. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | protection | protection |
2,020 | December | 15 | S/2020/1224 | Letter dated 15 December 2020 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council | 7 million were classified as facing emergency levels of food insecurity (level 4 of
the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification). Children and pregnant and
lactating women are particularly susceptible to malnutrition. Food insecurity in South
Sudan is largely the result of human action. Cycles of violence and displacement have
made it difficult for families to cultivate land or harvest crops. Unpaid or underpai d
soldiers regularly loot what few food supplies civilians do have. Parties to the conflict
have also deliberately destroyed crops and blocked the delivery of humanitarian
assistance to communities believed to be aligned with their political rivals, which has
led the Human Rights Council to conclude that parties to the conflict have used
starvation as a method of war.9 | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3896146/files/S_2020_1224-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | other | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | As at 1 February 2020, all 16 prefects and 67 of the 76 sub-prefects were at their
posts. During the reporting period, 108 civil servants (9 per cent of whom were
women) of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Territorial Administration and
the Ministry of Agriculture were redeployed to remote areas. MINUSCA conducted
leadership training for 74 civil servants (12 per cent of whom were women), including
prefects, sub-prefects and village and district chiefs. The Government continued to
face challenges in redeployment, such as the lack of infrastructure, financial resources
and insecurity.
Security sector reform | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | participation | participation |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | As at 1 February, 1,425 civilian personnel (26 per cent of whom were women),
including 209 United Nations Volunteers and 99 government-provided corrections
personnel, were serving in MINUSCA. This represents 91 per cent of the 1,559
authorized positions.
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Status-of-forces agreement | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | gender parity | management & gender parity |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | As at 1 February, the strength of the MINUSCA military component stood at
11,297 (4.5 per cent women), out of an authorized strength of 11,650 personnel, with
307 staff officers and 152 military observers. It comprised 11 infantry battalions; 1
high-readiness battalion; 1 battle group; 1 special forces company; 1 quick reaction
force company; and enabling units, specifically 1 military police company, 5
engineering companies, 1 heavy transport company, 3 level II hospitals and 1 level -I
plus forward surgery module. There were also two helicopter units as at January 2020.
The MINUSCA force had a gap of 300 soldiers after July 2019 owing to the
downsizing of a contingent, the gap having increased by 100 with the repatriation of
an attack helicopter unit in January 2020. The departure of the helicopter unit also
resulted in the loss of close air support capability, with only casualty evacuation and
intelligence surveillance reconnaissance available.
Police component | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | protection | protection |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | As at 1 February, the strength of the MINUSCA police component stood at 2,033
personnel (12 per cent of whom were women), out of an authorized strength of 2,080,
including 357 individual police officers and 1,676 personnel in 11 formed police units
and 1 police support unit. The police support unit and six formed police units are in
Bangui under the joint task force. Five formed police units are deployed in Bambari,
Berberati, Bouar, Bria and Kaga Bandoro, with part of the Kaga Bandoro unit in
Batangafo.
Civilian personnel | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | protection | protection |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | As at 8 December 2019, 1,417 soldiers were deployed in 20 locations, an
increase from 1,346 in the previous reporting period, out of a total of 8,244, including
619 women. Logistical and financial challenges continued to compromise
effectiveness. Poor command and control in the armed forces resulted in a mark ed
increase in misconduct and criminal acts. The same challenges affect their
transformation into a garrison army. In November 2019, the initial training of 1,020
new recruits, including 102 women, in Bangui and Bouar ended. Owing to a lack of
funding, the 2019 recruitment campaign for the armed forces was not launched until
January 2020. A total of 3,270 soldiers and 745 internal security forces received
post-graduation tactical training by trainers from the Russian Federation, while a total
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of 6,000 soldiers received training from the European Union Military Training
Mission in the Central African Republic. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | protection | protection |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | Between 1 September and 31 December, 23 allegations of sexual exploitation
and abuse were reported. During 2019, 41 such allegations were reported. A total of
14 are alleged to have occurred in 2019, 26 in previous years and 1 at an unknown
date. The majority related to events that occurred in 2018 or earlier. There was also a
decrease in the number of recorded allegations of other types of misconduct,
including the lowest number recorded since MINUSCA was established for the more
serious types, thanks to the strengthened implementation of a risk management
framework to prevent all forms of misconduct. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | Despite commitments by all signatories, 166 grave child rights violations were
verified during the reporting period. Denial of humanitarian access and sexual
violence were the most common. On 21 November, my Special Representative for
Children and Armed Conflict sent letters to three listed parties, urging FPRC and UPC
to implement their action plans and MPC to strengthen efforts to identify children
within its ranks for release. During the reporting period, 153 children, including
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36 girls, were separated from armed groups to enter reintegration programmes led by
the United Nations Children’s Fund. An additional 13 self-demobilized boys are
awaiting admission to the programmes.
IX. Socioeconomic situation | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | other | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | During the reporting period, 738 combatants, including 51 women, from nine
armed groups were disarmed and demobilized; 398 weapons of war, 757 explosives
and 47,421 rounds of ammunition were collected. To address weaknesses in the
collection of suitable weapons in the west, the strategic committee on disarmament,
demobilization, reintegration and repatriation, security sector reform and national
reconciliation decided on 20 December that the ratio of 10 per cent ammunition and
ordnance to 90 per cent weapons per armed group would be strictly enforced. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | ddr | ssr, ddr, hr and others |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | I welcome the work of the implementation committees under the Agreement at
all levels. The expansion of the Executive Monitoring Committee to include all 14
signatory armed groups would be an important improvement. Transparency and
representation are essential for accountability. All signatories should become
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permanent members so that they can directly and frequently engage at a strategic
level, including to face the consequences of illegal actions and allegations of
violations and to be part of the search for solutions. I regret that the national
implementation committee has yet to begin its activities in earnest, compromising
national oversight. I am happy to note the strong participation of women, including
representatives of victims of the conflict, in local-level committees. | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender related | participation | participation |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | MINUSCA documented 35 incidents of conflict-related sexual violence
affecting 48 victims (31 women and 17 girls), namely rape or attempted rape, with
1 case resulting in death. Civilians in some areas were significantly more affected on
account of transhumance, including in Nana-Grébizi Prefecture. MINUSCA
organized 26 awareness-raising sessions with local authorities, women’s associations
and youth and community leaders to combat impunity and stigma associated with
sexual violence. Additional sessions concerned rape prevention and referral pathways
for survivors. MINUSCA and the United Nations protection cluster held three such
sessions at sites for displaced persons in Birao.
Children and armed conflict | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | prevention | prevention |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | MINUSCA enhanced its threat analysis, community engagement, conflict
prevention and early warning systems, in particular in the context of the transhumance
season. It continued to deploy surge teams to Alindao, Batangafo and Bocaranga to
reduce the risk of large-scale violence in those areas, and expanded training of
uniformed personnel on the protection of civilians, shifting emphasis towards
prevention and coordination. In November 2019, a training-of-trainers course
benefited 33 personnel, including 15 women.
VII. Extension of State authority and rule of law
Extension of State authority | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | management | management & gender parity |
2,020 | February | 14 | S/2020/124 | Central African Republic | On 20 December, the President chaired the sixth meeting of the strategic
committee on disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and repatriation, security
sector reform and national reconciliation. The committee decided to gradually
integrate 655 auxiliary police personnel, including 177 women, subject to funding
availability. With the support of MINUSCA, the Government drafted a decree
establishing a mixed commission on rank harmonization, which has yet to be issued.
No progress was made on the integration of former armed group elements into the
security forces.
National armed and internal security forces | https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3850722/files/S_2020_124-EN.pdf | Juliet | gender disaggregated | ddr | ssr, ddr, hr and others |