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@@ -136,45 +136,89 @@ print(outputs[0]["generated_text"][len(formatted_prompt):])
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  Training was done using QLoRA
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- Usage and Limitations
 
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  These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.
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- Intended Usage
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- Open Large Language Models (LLMs) have a wide range of applications across various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model training and development.
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-
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- Content Creation and Communication
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- Text Generation: These models can be used to generate creative text formats such as poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
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- Research and Education
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- Natural Language Processing (NLP) Research: These models can serve as a foundation for researchers to experiment with NLP techniques, develop algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
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- Language Learning Tools: Support interactive language learning experiences, aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
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- Knowledge Exploration: Assist researchers in exploring large bodies of text by generating summaries or answering questions about specific topics.
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- Limitations
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- Training Data
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- The quality and diversity of the training data significantly influence the model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data can lead to limitations in the model's responses.
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- The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas the model can handle effectively.
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- Context and Task Complexity
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- LLMs are better at tasks that can be framed with clear prompts and instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be challenging.
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- A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context provided (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a certain point).
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- Language Ambiguity and Nuance
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- Natural language is inherently complex. LLMs might struggle to grasp subtle nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
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- Factual Accuracy
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- LLMs generate responses based on information they learned from their training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They may generate incorrect or outdated factual statements.
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- Common Sense
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- LLMs rely on statistical patterns in language. They might lack the ability to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
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- Ethical Considerations and Risks
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- The development of large language models (LLMs) raises several ethical concerns. In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:
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-
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- Bias and Fairness
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- LLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text data can reflect socio-cultural biases embedded in the training material. These models underwent careful scrutiny, input data pre-processing described and posterior evaluations reported in this card.
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- Misinformation and Misuse
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- LLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading, or harmful.
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- Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the Responsible Generative AI Toolkit.
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- Transparency and Accountability:
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- This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture, capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
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- A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to share innovation by making LLM technology accessible to developers and researchers across the AI ecosystem.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  Risks identified and mitigations:
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- Perpetuation of biases: It's encouraged to perform continuous monitoring (using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of de-biasing techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
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- Generation of harmful content: Mechanisms and guidelines for content safety are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and implement appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific product policies and application use cases.
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- Misuse for malicious purposes: Technical limitations and developer and end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of LLMs. Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag misuse are provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in the Gemma Prohibited Use Policy.
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- Privacy violations: Models were trained on data filtered for removal of PII (Personally Identifiable Information). Developers are encouraged to adhere to privacy regulations with privacy-preserving techniques.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  Training was done using QLoRA
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+ ## Usage and Limitations
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+
141
  These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.
142
 
143
+ ### Intended Usage
144
+
145
+ Open Large Language Models (LLMs) have a wide range of applications across
146
+ various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not
147
+ comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information
148
+ about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model
149
+ training and development.
150
+
151
+ * Content Creation and Communication
152
+ * Text Generation: These models can be used to generate creative text formats
153
+ such as poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
154
+ * Research and Education
155
+ * Natural Language Processing (NLP) Research: These models can serve as a
156
+ foundation for researchers to experiment with NLP techniques, develop
157
+ algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
158
+ * Language Learning Tools: Support interactive language learning experiences,
159
+ aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
160
+ * Knowledge Exploration: Assist researchers in exploring large bodies of text
161
+ by generating summaries or answering questions about specific topics.
162
+
163
+ ### Limitations
164
+
165
+ * Training Data
166
+ * The quality and diversity of the training data significantly influence the
167
+ model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data can lead to
168
+ limitations in the model's responses.
169
+ * The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas the model can
170
+ handle effectively.
171
+ * Context and Task Complexity
172
+ * LLMs are better at tasks that can be framed with clear prompts and
173
+ instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be challenging.
174
+ * A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context provided
175
+ (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a certain point).
176
+ * Language Ambiguity and Nuance
177
+ * Natural language is inherently complex. LLMs might struggle to grasp subtle
178
+ nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
179
+ * Factual Accuracy
180
+ * LLMs generate responses based on information they learned from their
181
+ training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They may generate
182
+ incorrect or outdated factual statements.
183
+ * Common Sense
184
+ * LLMs rely on statistical patterns in language. They might lack the ability
185
+ to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
186
+
187
+ ### Ethical Considerations and Risks
188
+
189
+ The development of large language models (LLMs) raises several ethical concerns.
190
+ In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:
191
+
192
+ * Bias and Fairness
193
+ * LLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text data can reflect socio-cultural
194
+ biases embedded in the training material. These models underwent careful
195
+ scrutiny, input data pre-processing described and posterior evaluations
196
+ reported in this card.
197
+ * Misinformation and Misuse
198
+ * LLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading, or harmful.
199
+ * Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the
200
+ [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](http://ai.google.dev/gemma/responsible).
201
+ * Transparency and Accountability:
202
+ * This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture,
203
+ capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
204
+ * A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to share
205
+ innovation by making LLM technology accessible to developers and researchers
206
+ across the AI ecosystem.
207
+
208
  Risks identified and mitigations:
209
 
210
+ * Perpetuation of biases: It's encouraged to perform continuous monitoring
211
+ (using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of de-biasing
212
+ techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
213
+ * Generation of harmful content: Mechanisms and guidelines for content safety
214
+ are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and implement
215
+ appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific product policies
216
+ and application use cases.
217
+ * Misuse for malicious purposes: Technical limitations and developer and
218
+ end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of LLMs.
219
+ Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag misuse are
220
+ provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in the
221
+ [Gemma Prohibited Use Policy](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/prohibited_use_policy).
222
+ * Privacy violations: Models were trained on data filtered for removal of PII
223
+ (Personally Identifiable Information). Developers are encouraged to adhere to
224
+ privacy regulations with privacy-preserving techniques.