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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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---
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---
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language: pt
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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co2_eq_emissions: 710
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---
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# QUOKKA
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## Model description
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QUOKKA is the pioneering generative model for Portuguese from Portugal (PT-PT) to the best of our knowledge.
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Our model is a fine-tuned version of [Phoenix](https://huggingface.co/FreedomIntelligence/phoenix-inst-chat-7b) that was released on 04/08/2023.
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The backbone of Phoenix is [BLOOMZ](https://huggingface.co/bigscience/bloomz-7b1), which was fine-tuned using a vast dataset consisting of 267k samples of instructions and 189k samples of conversations.
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## Intended uses & limitations
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You can use the model for text generation in Portuguese or fine-tune it on a downstream task.
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### How to use
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You can use this model directly with a pipeline for text generation:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, pipeline
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checkpoint = "automaise/quokka-7b"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(checkpoint)
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generator = pipeline("text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer, device=0)
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generator("<human>Olá, consegues ajudar-me?<bot>")
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```
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### Limitations and bias
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* **Language:** the model was fine-tuned on Portuguese data only and might not generalize appropriately to other languages.
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* **Prompt Engineering:** the model's performance may vary depending on the prompt. We recommend writing clear
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and specific instructions.
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* **Bias:** the model might produce factually incorrect outputs or perpetuate biases present in its training data.
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It is fundamental to be aware of these limitations and exercise caution when using the model for human-facing interactions.
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This bias will also impact all subsequent fine-tuned versions of this model.
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## Training data
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QUOKKA was fine-tuned on a dataset collected from different sources:
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* Initially, we used the **[Bactrain-X](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MBZUAI/Bactrian-X)** dataset, which involves the
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translation of 67k English instructions (52k from Alpaca and 15k from Dolly v2) into 51 languages using Google Translate API.
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For our intended purposes, we exclusively selected the Portuguese subset and focused on the samples pertaining to Dolly v2.
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* Then, we incorporated the **[Cabrita](https://github.com/22-hours/cabrita)** dataset that consists of a translation of Alpaca's training data.
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The Portuguese translation was generated using ChatGPT. Therefore, it is important to note that these translations may not be of the highest quality.
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Additionally, we conducted data curation to remove elements such as:
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* Samples exhibiting a high ratio of prompt length to output length, as these were deemed likely to induce model hallucinations.
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* Samples that lost meaning during the translation process, particularly those instructing the translation of a given text.
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As a result, our final dataset comprises **56k samples**.
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## Training procedure
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This model was trained on a **1 x NVIDIA A100 40GB** for about 4-5 hours using QLoRA.
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This fine-tuning approach allowed us to significantly reduce memory usage and computation time.
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## Evaluation results
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## Environmental impact
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Carbon emissions were estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact/#compute)
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presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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The hardware, runtime, cloud provider, and compute region were utilized to estimate the carbon impact.
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* **Hardware Type:** 1 x NVIDIA A100 40GB
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* **Hours used:** 4-5
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* **Cloud Provider:** Google Cloud Platform
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* **Compute Region:** europe-west4
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* **Carbon Emitted:** 0.71 kg eq. CO2
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