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--- |
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language: |
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- as |
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- bn |
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- en |
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- gu |
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- hi |
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- kn |
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- ml |
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- mr |
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- or |
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- pa |
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- ta |
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- te |
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license: mit |
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datasets: |
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- AI4Bharat IndicNLP Corpora |
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--- |
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# IndicBERT |
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IndicBERT is a multilingual ALBERT model pretrained exclusively on 12 major Indian languages. It is pre-trained on our novel monolingual corpus of around 9 billion tokens and subsequently evaluated on a set of diverse tasks. IndicBERT has much fewer parameters than other multilingual models (mBERT, XLM-R etc.) while it also achieves a performance on-par or better than these models. |
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The 12 languages covered by IndicBERT are: Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu. |
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The code can be found [here](https://github.com/divkakwani/indic-bert). For more information, checkout our [project page](https://indicnlp.ai4bharat.org/) or our [paper](https://indicnlp.ai4bharat.org/papers/arxiv2020_indicnlp_corpus.pdf). |
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## Pretraining Corpus |
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We pre-trained indic-bert on AI4Bharat's monolingual corpus. The corpus has the following distribution of languages: |
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| Language | as | bn | en | gu | hi | kn | | |
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| ----------------- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------- | |
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| **No. of Tokens** | 36.9M | 815M | 1.34B | 724M | 1.84B | 712M | | |
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| **Language** | **ml** | **mr** | **or** | **pa** | **ta** | **te** | **all** | |
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| **No. of Tokens** | 767M | 560M | 104M | 814M | 549M | 671M | 8.9B | |
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## Evaluation Results |
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IndicBERT is evaluated on IndicGLUE and some additional tasks. The results are summarized below. For more details about the tasks, refer our [official repo](https://github.com/divkakwani/indic-bert) |
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#### IndicGLUE |
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Task | mBERT | XLM-R | IndicBERT |
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-----| ----- | ----- | ------ |
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News Article Headline Prediction | 89.58 | 95.52 | **95.87** |
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Wikipedia Section Title Prediction| **73.66** | 66.33 | 73.31 |
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Cloze-style multiple-choice QA | 39.16 | 27.98 | **41.87** |
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Article Genre Classification | 90.63 | 97.03 | **97.34** |
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Named Entity Recognition (F1-score) | **73.24** | 65.93 | 64.47 |
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Cross-Lingual Sentence Retrieval Task | 21.46 | 13.74 | **27.12** |
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Average | 64.62 | 61.09 | **66.66** |
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#### Additional Tasks |
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Task | Task Type | mBERT | XLM-R | IndicBERT |
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-----| ----- | ----- | ------ | ----- |
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BBC News Classification | Genre Classification | 60.55 | **75.52** | 74.60 |
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IIT Product Reviews | Sentiment Analysis | 74.57 | **78.97** | 71.32 |
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IITP Movie Reviews | Sentiment Analaysis | 56.77 | **61.61** | 59.03 |
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Soham News Article | Genre Classification | 80.23 | **87.6** | 78.45 |
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Midas Discourse | Discourse Analysis | 71.20 | **79.94** | 78.44 |
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iNLTK Headlines Classification | Genre Classification | 87.95 | 93.38 | **94.52** |
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ACTSA Sentiment Analysis | Sentiment Analysis | 48.53 | 59.33 | **61.18** |
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Winograd NLI | Natural Language Inference | 56.34 | 55.87 | **56.34** |
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Choice of Plausible Alternative (COPA) | Natural Language Inference | 54.92 | 51.13 | **58.33** |
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Amrita Exact Paraphrase | Paraphrase Detection | **93.81** | 93.02 | 93.75 |
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Amrita Rough Paraphrase | Paraphrase Detection | 83.38 | 82.20 | **84.33** |
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Average | | 69.84 | **74.42** | 73.66 |
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\* Note: all models have been restricted to a max_seq_length of 128. |
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## Downloads |
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The model can be downloaded [here](https://storage.googleapis.com/ai4bharat-public-indic-nlp-corpora/models/indic-bert-v1.tar.gz). Both tf checkpoints and pytorch binaries are included in the archive. Alternatively, you can also download it from [Huggingface](https://huggingface.co/ai4bharat/indic-bert). |
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## Citing |
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If you are using any of the resources, please cite the following article: |
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``` |
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@inproceedings{kakwani2020indicnlpsuite, |
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title={{IndicNLPSuite: Monolingual Corpora, Evaluation Benchmarks and Pre-trained Multilingual Language Models for Indian Languages}}, |
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author={Divyanshu Kakwani and Anoop Kunchukuttan and Satish Golla and Gokul N.C. and Avik Bhattacharyya and Mitesh M. Khapra and Pratyush Kumar}, |
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year={2020}, |
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booktitle={Findings of EMNLP}, |
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} |
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``` |
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We would like to hear from you if: |
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- You are using our resources. Please let us know how you are putting these resources to use. |
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- You have any feedback on these resources. |
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## License |
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The IndicBERT code (and models) are released under the MIT License. |
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## Contributors |
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- Divyanshu Kakwani |
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- Anoop Kunchukuttan |
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- Gokul NC |
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- Satish Golla |
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- Avik Bhattacharyya |
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- Mitesh Khapra |
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- Pratyush Kumar |
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This work is the outcome of a volunteer effort as part of [AI4Bharat initiative](https://ai4bharat.org). |
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## Contact |
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- Anoop Kunchukuttan ([anoop.kunchukuttan@gmail.com](mailto:anoop.kunchukuttan@gmail.com)) |
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- Mitesh Khapra ([miteshk@cse.iitm.ac.in](mailto:miteshk@cse.iitm.ac.in)) |
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- Pratyush Kumar ([pratyush@cse.iitm.ac.in](mailto:pratyush@cse.iitm.ac.in)) |
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