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Co-authored-by: Elodie Gauthier <gauthelo@users.noreply.huggingface.co>
README.md
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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---
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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metrics:
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- cer
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- wer
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library_name: speechbrain
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pipeline_tag: automatic-speech-recognition
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tags:
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- speech processing
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- self-supervision
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- african languages
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- fine-tuning
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---
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## Model description
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This self-supervised speech model (a.k.a. SSA-HuBERT-base-60k) is based on a HuBERT Base architecture (~95M params) [1].
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It was trained on nearly 60 000 hours of speech segments and covers 21 languages and variants spoken in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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### Pretraining data
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- Dataset: The training dataset was composed of both studio recordings (controlled environment, prepared talks) and street interviews (noisy environment, spontaneous speech).
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- Languages: Bambara (bam), Dyula (dyu), French (fra), Fula (ful), Fulfulde (ffm), Fulfulde (fuh), Gulmancema (gux), Hausa (hau), Kinyarwanda (kin), Kituba (ktu), Lingala (lin), Luba-Lulua (lua), Mossi (mos), Maninkakan (mwk), Sango (sag), Songhai (son), Swahili (swc), Swahili (swh), Tamasheq (taq), Wolof (wol), Zarma (dje).
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## ASR fine-tuning
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The SpeechBrain toolkit (Ravanelli et al., 2021) is used to fine-tune the model.
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Fine-tuning is done for each language using the FLEURS dataset [2].
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The pretrained model (SSA-HuBERT-base-60k) is considered as a speech encoder and is fully fine-tuned with two 1024 linear layers and a softmax output at the top.
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## License
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This model is released under the CC-by-NC 4.0 conditions.
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## Publication
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This model were presented at AfricaNLP 2024.
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The associated paper is available here: [Africa-Centric Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Multilingual Speech Representation in a Sub-Saharan Context](https://openreview.net/forum?id=zLOhcft2E7)
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### Citation
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Please cite our paper when using SSA-HuBERT-base-60k model:
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Caubrière, A., & Gauthier, E. (2024). Africa-Centric Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Multilingual Speech Representation in a Sub-Saharan Context. In 5th Workshop on African Natural Language Processing (AfricaNLP 2024).
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**Bibtex citation:**
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@inproceedings{caubri{\`e}re2024ssaspeechssl,
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title={Africa-Centric Self-Supervised Pretraining for Multilingual Speech Representation in a Sub-Saharan Context},
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author={Antoine Caubri{\`e}re and Elodie Gauthier},
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booktitle={5th Workshop on African Natural Language Processing},
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year={2024},
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url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=zLOhcft2E7}}
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## Results
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The following results are obtained in a greedy mode (no language model rescoring).
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Character error rates (CERs) and Word error rates (WERs) are given in the table below, on the 20 languages of the SSA subpart of the FLEURS dataset.
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| **Language** | **CER** | **WER** |
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| :----------------- | :--------- | :--------- |
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| **Afrikaans** | 23.3 | 68.4 |
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| **Amharic** | 15.9 | 52.7 |
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| **Fula** | 21.2 | 61.9 |
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| **Ganda** | 11.5 | 52.8 |
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| **Hausa** | 10.5 | 32.5 |
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| **Igbo** | 19.7 | 57.5 |
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| **Kamba** | 16.1 | 53.9 |
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| **Lingala** | 8.7 | 24.7 |
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| **Luo** | 9.9 | 38.9 |
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| **Northen-Sotho** | 13.5 | 43.2 |
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| **Nyanja** | 13.3 | 54.2 |
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| **Oromo** | 22.8 | 78.1 |
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| **Shona** | 11.6 | 50.2 |
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| **Somali** | 21.6 | 64.9 |
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| **Swahili** | 7.1 | 23.8 |
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| **Umbundu** | 21.7 | 61.7 |
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| **Wolof** | 19.4 | 55.0 |
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| **Xhosa** | 11.9 | 51.6 |
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| **Yoruba** | 24.3 | 67.5 |
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| **Zulu** | 12.2 | 53.4 |
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| *Overall average* | *15.8* | *52.3* |
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## Reproductibilty
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We propose a notebook to reproduce the ASR experiments mentioned in our paper. See `SB_ASR_FLEURS_finetuning.ipynb`.
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By using the `ASR_FLEURS-swahili_hf.yaml` config file, you will be able to run the recipe on Swahili.
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## References
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[1] Wei-Ning Hsu, Benjamin Bolte, Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai, Kushal Lakhotia, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, and Abdelrahman Mohamed. HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Units. In 2021 IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, vol. 29, pp.3451–3460, 2021. doi: 10.1109/TASLP.2021.3122291.
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[2] Alexis Conneau, Min Ma, Simran Khanuja, Yu Zhang, Vera Axelrod, Siddharth Dalmia, Jason Riesa, Clara Rivera, and Ankur Bapna. Fleurs: Few-shot learning evaluation of universal representations of speech. In 2022 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT), pp. 798–805, 2022. doi: 10.1109/SLT54892.2023.10023141.
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