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  - en
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  ---
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- # Model Card for {{model_id}}
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  <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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- {{ model_summary | default("", true) }}
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  ## Model Details
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  {{ model_description | default("", true) }}
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- - **Developed by:** {{ developers | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** {{ funded_by | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** {{ shared_by | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Model type:** {{ model_type | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** {{ language | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **License:** {{ license | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** {{ base_model | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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-
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
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  <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** {{ repo | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Paper [optional]:** {{ paper | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Demo [optional]:** {{ demo | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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- ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- {{ direct_use | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- {{ downstream_use | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- {{ out_of_scope_use | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- {{ bias_risks_limitations | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- {{ bias_recommendations | default("Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.", true)}}
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- {{ get_started_code | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- {{ training_data | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- {{ preprocessing | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** {{ training_regime | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}} <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- {{ speeds_sizes_times | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
 
 
 
 
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- #### Testing Data
 
 
 
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
 
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- {{ testing_data | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- {{ testing_factors | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- {{ testing_metrics | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ### Results
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- {{ results | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- #### Summary
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- {{ results_summary | default("", true) }}
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- {{ model_examination | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** {{ hardware_type | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Hours used:** {{ hours_used | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Cloud Provider:** {{ cloud_provider | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Compute Region:** {{ cloud_region | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** {{ co2_emitted | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- {{ model_specs | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- {{ compute_infrastructure | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- #### Hardware
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- {{ hardware_requirements | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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  **BibTeX:**
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- **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- {{ glossary | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}}
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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+ # Model Card for ToxiGen-ConPrompt
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  <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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+ <!-- {{ model_summary | default("", true) }} -->
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  ## Model Details
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  {{ model_description | default("", true) }}
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+ <!--- **Developed by:** {{ developers | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}} -->
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+ <!--- **Funded by [optional]:** {{ funded_by | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}} -->
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+ <!--- **Shared by [optional]:** {{ shared_by | default("[More Information Needed]", true)}} -->
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+ - **Model type:** Feature Extraction
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+ - **Base Model:** BERT-base-uncased
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+ - **Pre-training Source:** ToxiGen
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+ - **Pre-training Approach:** ConPrompt
 
 
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  <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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+ - **ConPrompt Repository:** https://github.com/youngwook06/ConPrompt
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+ - **ConPrompt Paper:** https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.731/
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ## Ethical Considerations
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+ ### Privacy Issue
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+ Before pre-training, we found out that some private information such as URLs exists in the machine-generated statements in ToxiGen.
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+ We anonymize such private information before pre-training to prevent any harm to our society.
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+ You can refer to the anonymization code we used in preprocess_toxigen.ipynb and we strongly emphasize to anonymize private information before using machine-generated data for pre-training.
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+ ### Potential Misuse
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+ The pre-training source of ToxiGen-ConPrompt includes toxic statements.
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+ While we use such toxic statements on purpose to pre-train a better model for implicit hate speech detection, the pre-trained model needs careful handling.
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+ Here, we states some behavior that can lead to potential misuse so that our model is used for the social good rather than misued unintentionally or maliciously.
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+ - As our model was trained with the MLM objective, our model might generate toxic statements with its MLM head
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+ - As our model learned representations regarding implicit hate speeches, our model might retrieve some similar toxic statements given a toxic statement.
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+ While these behavior can lead to social good e.g., constructing training data for hate speech classifiers, one can potentially misuse the behaviors.
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+ **We strongly emphasize the need for careful handling to prevent unintentional misuse and warn against malicious exploitation of such behaviors.**
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+ ## Citation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  **BibTeX:**
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+ @inproceedings{kim-etal-2023-conprompt,
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+ title = "{C}on{P}rompt: Pre-training a Language Model with Machine-Generated Data for Implicit Hate Speech Detection",
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+ author = "Kim, Youngwook and
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+ Park, Shinwoo and
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+ Namgoong, Youngsoo and
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+ Han, Yo-Sub",
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+ editor = "Bouamor, Houda and
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+ Pino, Juan and
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+ Bali, Kalika",
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+ booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023",
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+ month = dec,
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+ year = "2023",
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+ address = "Singapore",
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+ publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
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+ url = "https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.731",
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+ doi = "10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.731",
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+ pages = "10964--10980",
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+ abstract = "Implicit hate speech detection is a challenging task in text classification since no explicit cues (e.g., swear words) exist in the text. While some pre-trained language models have been developed for hate speech detection, they are not specialized in implicit hate speech. Recently, an implicit hate speech dataset with a massive number of samples has been proposed by controlling machine generation. We propose a pre-training approach, ConPrompt, to fully leverage such machine-generated data. Specifically, given a machine-generated statement, we use example statements of its origin prompt as positive samples for contrastive learning. Through pre-training with ConPrompt, we present ToxiGen-ConPrompt, a pre-trained language model for implicit hate speech detection. We conduct extensive experiments on several implicit hate speech datasets and show the superior generalization ability of ToxiGen-ConPrompt compared to other pre-trained models. Additionally, we empirically show that ConPrompt is effective in mitigating identity term bias, demonstrating that it not only makes a model more generalizable but also reduces unintended bias. We analyze the representation quality of ToxiGen-ConPrompt and show its ability to consider target group and toxicity, which are desirable features in terms of implicit hate speeches.",
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+ }
 
 
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