testbed / ai_api /views.py
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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .forms import ImageUploadForm, ClassificationForm, RegisterFaceForm,TranscribeForm, YouTubeURLForm
import shutil
from django.conf import settings
import torch
import json
import os
from PIL import Image as PILImage
import io
import tempfile
from django.core.cache import cache
import numpy as numpy_lib
import pickle
from deepface import DeepFace
import cv2
import base64
from io import BytesIO
from . import globals
import tempfile
import mimetypes
import subprocess
import logging
import uuid
import yt_dlp
import time
import re
from pydub import AudioSegment
import pandas as pd
import csv
# Setup logging for error handling
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# from ai_api.library.devlab_image import DevLabImage
# devlab_image = DevLabImage()
model = globals.model
tokenizer = globals.tokenizer
devlab_image = globals.devlab_image
with open(f"{globals.save_path}/label_map.json", "r") as f:
label_map = json.load(f)
index_to_label = {v: k for k, v in label_map.items()}
# Create your views here.
def home(request):
return render(request, 'home.html')
def classification(request):
from .library import simple_keyword_extraction, apify_scraper, priority_indexer, websearch, lowyat_crawler, sentiment_analyzer
if request.method == 'POST':
progress_key = request.POST.get("progress_key", str(uuid.uuid4()))
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'starting', 'percent': 0})
text = request.POST.get("claim", "")
if not text:
return JsonResponse({"error": "No text provided"}, status=400)
claim_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[:8]
try:
# Step 1: Classification
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'classifying', 'percent': 10})
inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors='pt', padding=True, truncation=True)
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(**inputs)
prediction = torch.argmax(outputs.logits, dim=-1).item()
classification_result = index_to_label.get(prediction, "Unknown")
# Step 2: Keyword Extraction
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'extracting_keywords', 'percent': 20})
keywords = simple_keyword_extraction.extract_keywords(text)
# Step 3: Setup paths
output_path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'ai_api', 'library', 'output')
report_path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'ai_api', 'library', 'reports')
raw_data_path = os.path.join(output_path, f'{claim_id}.csv')
# Step 4: Run TikTok scraper
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'scraping_tiktok', 'percent': 30})
apify_scraper.run(
keywords,
output_path=raw_data_path,
)
# Step 5: Run web search
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'searching_web', 'percent': 50})
web_search_results = websearch.run(
keywords,
output_path=os.path.join(output_path, f"{claim_id}_web.json"),
full_claim=text
)
# Step 6: Run Lowyat forum crawler
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'crawling_forum', 'percent': 60})
lowyat_path = os.path.join(output_path, f"{claim_id}_lowyat.csv")
lowyat_sections = ["Kopitiam", "SeriousKopitiam"]
lowyat_results = lowyat_crawler.run(
keywords,
sections=lowyat_sections,
output_path=lowyat_path,
full_claim=text
)
# Step 7: Combine datasets
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'combining_data', 'percent': 70})
if os.path.exists(lowyat_path):
lowyat_df = pd.read_csv(lowyat_path)
if os.path.exists(raw_data_path):
main_df = pd.read_csv(raw_data_path)
combined_df = pd.concat([main_df, lowyat_df], ignore_index=True)
combined_df.to_csv(raw_data_path, index=False)
else:
lowyat_df.to_csv(raw_data_path, index=False)
# Step 8: Run sentiment analysis
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'analyzing_sentiment', 'percent': 80})
sentiment_csv = os.path.join(output_path, f"{claim_id}_sentiment.csv")
sentiment_data = {}
if os.path.exists(raw_data_path):
sentiment_analyzer.run(raw_data_path, sentiment_csv)
if os.path.exists(sentiment_csv):
sentiment_df = pd.read_csv(sentiment_csv)
sentiment_counts = sentiment_df['sentiment'].value_counts().to_dict()
sentiment_map = {0: "neutral", 1: "positive", 2: "negative"}
text_counts = {sentiment_map.get(k, k): v for k, v in sentiment_counts.items()}
sentiment_data = {
'counts': text_counts,
'table_html': csv_to_html_table(sentiment_csv)
}
# Step 9: Run priority indexing
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'indexing_priority', 'percent': 90})
priority_json = os.path.join(report_path, f"{claim_id}_priority.json")
priority_data = {}
if os.path.exists(sentiment_csv):
priority_indexer.run(
claim=text,
claim_id=claim_id,
keywords=keywords,
sentiment_csv=sentiment_csv,
output_path=priority_json
)
if os.path.exists(priority_json):
with open(priority_json, 'r') as f:
priority_data = json.load(f)
verdict = determine_verdict(priority_data)
# Step 10: Complete
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'complete', 'percent': 100})
return JsonResponse({
'classification': classification_result,
'keywords': keywords,
'sentiment_data': sentiment_data,
'priority_data': priority_data,
'verdict': verdict if 'verdict' in locals() else "UNVERIFIED",
'progress_key': progress_key
})
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error in classification: {str(e)}")
return JsonResponse({
'error': str(e),
'progress_key': progress_key
}, status=500)
else:
form = ClassificationForm()
return render(request, 'classification.html', {
'form': form,
'result': {}
})
def determine_verdict(priority_data):
"""Determine verdict based on priority data"""
# Extract priority flags from the data
if isinstance(priority_data, dict):
if "priority_flags" in priority_data:
priority_flags = priority_data["priority_flags"]
else:
# Assume the dictionary itself contains the flags
priority_flags = priority_data
else:
return "UNVERIFIED"
# Get sentiment counts if available
sentiment_counts = {}
if "sentiment_counts" in priority_data:
sentiment_counts = priority_data["sentiment_counts"]
# Convert keys to strings if they're not already
if any(not isinstance(k, str) for k in sentiment_counts.keys()):
sentiment_counts = {str(k): v for k, v in sentiment_counts.items()}
# Get priority score if available
priority_score = priority_data.get("priority_score", sum(priority_flags.values()))
# Get claim and keywords
claim = priority_data.get("claim", "").lower()
keywords = priority_data.get("keywords", [])
keywords_lower = [k.lower() for k in keywords]
# Check for specific claim patterns
is_azan_claim = any(word in claim for word in ["azan", "larang", "masjid", "pembesar suara"])
is_religious_claim = any(word in claim for word in ["islam", "agama", "masjid", "surau", "sembahyang", "solat", "zakat"])
# Check for economic impact
economic_related = priority_flags.get("economic_impact", 0) == 1
# Check for government involvement
government_related = priority_flags.get("affects_government", 0) == 1
# Check for law-related content
law_related = priority_flags.get("law_related", 0) == 1
# Check for confusion potential
causes_confusion = priority_flags.get("cause_confusion", 0) == 1
# Check for negative sentiment dominance
negative_dominant = False
if sentiment_counts:
pos = int(sentiment_counts.get("positive", sentiment_counts.get("1", 0)))
neg = int(sentiment_counts.get("negative", sentiment_counts.get("2", 0)))
neu = int(sentiment_counts.get("neutral", sentiment_counts.get("0", 0)))
negative_dominant = neg > pos and neg > neu
# Special case for azan claim (like the example provided)
if is_azan_claim and is_religious_claim and "larangan" in claim:
return "FALSE" # Claim about banning azan is false
# Determine verdict based on multiple factors
if priority_score >= 7.0 and negative_dominant and (government_related or law_related):
return "FALSE"
elif priority_score >= 5.0 and causes_confusion:
return "PARTIALLY_TRUE"
elif priority_score <= 3.0 and not negative_dominant:
return "TRUE"
elif economic_related and government_related:
# Special case for economic policies by government
if negative_dominant:
return "FALSE"
elif causes_confusion:
return "PARTIALLY_TRUE"
else:
return "TRUE"
else:
return "UNVERIFIED"
def image_profiling(request):
# import faiss
result = None
image_with_labels = None
cropped_faces_base64 = []
texts = None
proccessed = False
uploded_base64 = None
exifs = None
metadata = None
description = None
reverse_images = None
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ImageUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
proccessed = True
uploaded_image = request.FILES['image']
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=".jpg") as tmp:
for chunk in uploaded_image.chunks():
tmp.write(chunk)
tmp_path = tmp.name
image = PILImage.open(uploaded_image)
image_np = numpy_lib.array(image.convert('RGB'))
exifs = devlab_image.extract_exif(tmp_path)
metadata = devlab_image.extract_metadata_exiftool(tmp_path)
description = devlab_image.generate_description_blip(tmp_path)
# reverse_images = devlab_image.reverse_search(tmp_path)
buffered = io.BytesIO()
image.save(buffered, format="PNG") # or "JPEG", depending on your image format
img_str = base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode("utf-8")
uploded_base64 = f"data:image/png;base64,{img_str}"
texts = devlab_image.extract_text_numpy(image_np)
# Detect face embeddings using DeepFace
face_embeddings = DeepFace.represent(image_np, model_name="Facenet", enforce_detection=False)
if not face_embeddings:
return "❌ No faces detected in the image."
recognized_faces = {}
cropped_faces = []
for face_data in face_embeddings:
query_embedding = numpy_lib.array(face_data["embedding"], dtype=numpy_lib.float32).reshape(1, -1)
results = devlab_image.query_embedding(query_embedding,1)
if results and len(results) > 0 and len(results[0]) > 0:
entity = results[0][0].entity
print(f"Entity: {entity}") # See what fields are present in the entity
face_name = entity.get('name') if entity else 'Unknown'
fdescription = entity.get('short_description') if entity else ''
if fdescription is None:
fdescription = ''
distance = round(results[0][0].distance, 4)
if distance*100>95:
face_name = f"{face_name} (CLOSEST)"
# Store recognized face data
recognized_faces[f"clip_{len(recognized_faces) + 1}"] = {
"name": face_name,
"distance": distance,
"description": fdescription,
}
# Face location for drawing rectangle and adding label
face_location = face_data["facial_area"]
x, y, w, h = face_location["x"], face_location["y"], face_location["w"], face_location["h"]
# Draw rectangle and label on the image
# cv2.putText(image_np, label, (x, y - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.9, (0, 255, 0), 2)
cv2.rectangle(image_np, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 2)
# Crop the detected face and prepare it for displaying
cropped_face = image_np[y:y + h, x:x + w]
cropped_faces.append([cropped_face, face_name, distance, fdescription])
# label = f"{face_name} (Dist: {round(distance, 2)})"
else:
print('No result found')
# Convert the image with labels to base64 for HTML rendering
_, buffer = cv2.imencode('.png', image_np)
image_base64 = base64.b64encode(buffer).decode('utf-8')
# Convert cropped faces to base64 for displaying in template
cropped_faces_base64 = []
for face, face_name, distance, fdescription in cropped_faces:
_, buffer = cv2.imencode('.png', face)
face_base64 = base64.b64encode(buffer).decode('utf-8')
cropped_faces_base64.append([f"data:image/png;base64,{face_base64}",face_name, distance, fdescription])
# Prepare result for template rendering
result = recognized_faces
image_with_labels = f"data:image/png;base64,{image_base64}"
else:
form = ImageUploadForm()
return render(request, 'image_profiling.html', {
'form': form,
'proccessed' : proccessed,
'uploaded_base64': uploded_base64,
'image_with_labels': image_with_labels,
'cropped_faces': cropped_faces_base64,
'texts': texts,
'exifs': exifs,
'metadata': metadata,
'description': description,
'reverse_images': reverse_images
})
# def detect_faces2(request):
# import faiss
# import numpy as np
# import pickle
# from deepface import DeepFace
# import cv2
# import base64
# from io import BytesIO
# from PIL import Image
# import os
# result = None
# image_with_labels = None
# cropped_faces_base64 = []
# if request.method == 'POST':
# form = ImageUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
# if form.is_valid():
# uploaded_image = request.FILES['image']
# # Open the uploaded image with Pillow and convert to RGB
# image = Image.open(uploaded_image).convert('RGB')
# image_np = numpy_lib.array(image)
# # Load FAISS index and metadata
# save_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "deepface")
# try:
# index = faiss.read_index(save_path + "/faiss_hnsw_index.bin")
# with open(save_path + "/metadata.pkl", "rb") as f:
# names = pickle.load(f)
# except Exception as e:
# return f"Error loading FAISS index or metadata: {str(e)}"
# # Set search parameters for better accuracy in FAISS
# index.hnsw.efSearch = 100 # Larger = better accuracy, but slower
# # Detect face embeddings using DeepFace
# face_embeddings = DeepFace.represent(image_np, model_name="Facenet", enforce_detection=False)
# if not face_embeddings:
# return "❌ No faces detected in the image."
# recognized_faces = {}
# cropped_faces = []
# for face_data in face_embeddings:
# query_embedding = numpy_lib.array(face_data["embedding"], dtype=numpy_lib.float32).reshape(1, -1)
# # Search for the closest matches in the FAISS index
# D, I = index.search(query_embedding, 1) # D = distances, I = indices
# # Get the top match for this face
# face_name = names[I[0][0]]
# distance = D[0][0]
# # Store recognized face data
# recognized_faces[f"clip_{len(recognized_faces) + 1}"] = {
# "name": face_name,
# "distance": round(distance, 4)
# }
# # Face location for drawing rectangle and adding label
# face_location = face_data["facial_area"]
# x, y, w, h = face_location["x"], face_location["y"], face_location["w"], face_location["h"]
# # Draw rectangle and label on the image
# # cv2.putText(image_np, label, (x, y - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.9, (0, 255, 0), 2)
# cv2.rectangle(image_np, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 2)
# # Crop the detected face and prepare it for displaying
# cropped_face = image_np[y:y + h, x:x + w]
# cropped_faces.append([cropped_face, face_name])
# label = f"{face_name} (Dist: {round(distance, 4)})"
# # Convert the image with labels to base64 for HTML rendering
# _, buffer = cv2.imencode('.png', image_np)
# image_base64 = base64.b64encode(buffer).decode('utf-8')
# # Convert cropped faces to base64 for displaying in template
# cropped_faces_base64 = []
# for face,fname in cropped_faces:
# _, buffer = cv2.imencode('.png', face)
# face_base64 = base64.b64encode(buffer).decode('utf-8')
# cropped_faces_base64.append([f"data:image/png;base64,{face_base64}",fname])
# # Prepare result for template rendering
# result = recognized_faces
# image_with_labels = f"data:image/png;base64,{image_base64}"
# else:
# form = ImageUploadForm()
# return render(request, 'face_detection.html', {
# 'form': form,
# 'result': result,
# 'image_with_labels': image_with_labels,
# 'cropped_faces': cropped_faces_base64 # Pass the list of cropped faces to the template
# })
def register_face(request):
from ai_api.library.devlab_image import DevLabImage
import os
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
from django.conf import settings
result = None
if request.method == 'POST':
form = RegisterFaceForm(request.POST)
person = request.POST.get("person", "").upper()
keywords = request.POST.get("keywords", "")
files = request.FILES.getlist('images')
devlab_image = DevLabImage()
if files:
print('Upload manual')
project_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
upload_dir = os.path.join(project_root, 'people', person)
print(f"Saving to: {upload_dir}")
os.makedirs(upload_dir, exist_ok=True)
fs = FileSystemStorage(location=upload_dir)
for file in files:
filename = fs.save(file.name, file)
file_url = fs.url(filename)
print(f"Saved: {file_url}")
devlab_image.extract_face( person, keywords)
else:
print('Download from Google')
devlab_image.register_person(person, keywords)
else:
form = RegisterFaceForm()
return render(request, 'register_face.html', {
'form': form,
'result': result,
})
def check_progress(request, key):
# print(f"getting progress key {key}")
progress = cache.get(key, {'stage': 'downloading', 'percent': 0})
# print(progress)
return JsonResponse(progress)
def handle_uploaded_file(file):
mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file.name)
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix='.wav') as temp_audio_file:
output_audio_file = temp_audio_file.name
if mime_type and mime_type.startswith('video'):
# Save video temporarily
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=os.path.splitext(file.name)[-1]) as temp_video_file:
for chunk in file.chunks():
temp_video_file.write(chunk)
video_path = temp_video_file.name
# Extract audio using ffmpeg
command = [
'ffmpeg',
'-y',
'-i', video_path,
'-vn', # no video
'-acodec', 'pcm_s16le', # WAV format
'-ar', '16000', # 16 kHz sample rate
'-ac', '1', # Mono channel
output_audio_file
]
try:
result = subprocess.run(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, check=True)
print("FFmpeg stderr:", result.stderr.decode())
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
logger.error(f"ffmpeg failed with error: {e.stderr.decode()}")
raise Exception(f"Audio extraction failed: {e.stderr.decode()}")
# Clean up temporary video file
os.remove(video_path)
else:
# If audio, save it directly
with open(output_audio_file, 'wb') as f:
for chunk in file.chunks():
f.write(chunk)
return output_audio_file
def format_time(seconds):
# Convert seconds to WebVTT time format (hh:mm:ss.mmm)
m, s = divmod(seconds, 60)
h, m = divmod(m, 60)
ms = int((s - int(s)) * 1000) # Milliseconds
return f"{int(h):02}:{int(m):02}:{int(s):02}.{ms:03}"
def generate_vtt(segments):
# Generate the VTT content from the Whisper segments
vtt_content = "WEBVTT\n\n"
for segment in segments:
start_time = segment['start']
end_time = segment['end']
text = segment['text']
# Convert seconds to WebVTT time format
start_time_str = format_time(start_time)
end_time_str = format_time(end_time)
vtt_content += f"{start_time_str} --> {end_time_str}\n{text}\n\n"
return vtt_content
def save_vtt(output_audio_file, vtt):
base_name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(output_audio_file))[0]
new_filename = base_name + ".vtt"
final_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, 'vtt', new_filename)
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(final_path), exist_ok=True)
with open(final_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(vtt)
return final_path
def transcription(request):
transcription = None
error = None
progress_key = str(uuid.uuid4())
if request.method == "POST":
progress_key = request.POST.get("progress_key", progress_key)
model = globals.whisper_model
form = YouTubeURLForm(request.POST)
#if form.is_valid():
file = request.FILES.get('file')
if file:
# with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix='.wav') as temp_file:
# for chunk in file.chunks():
# temp_file.write(chunk)
# output_audio_file = temp_file.name
output_audio_file = handle_uploaded_file(file)
if os.path.getsize(output_audio_file) == 0:
raise RuntimeError("FFmpeg produced an empty audio file.")
print(f"transcribing : {output_audio_file}")
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'transcribing', 'percent': 100})
result = model.transcribe(output_audio_file,verbose=False)
vtt = generate_vtt(result['segments'])
vtt_file = save_vtt(output_audio_file, vtt)
else:
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'downloading', 'percent': 0})
ansi_escape = re.compile(r'\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])')
def progress_hook(d):
# print(f"status {d['status']}")
if d['status'] == 'downloading':
# print(d)
percent_str = d.get('_percent_str', '0%').strip()
clean_str = ansi_escape.sub('', percent_str).strip()
# print(f"clean percent_str: {repr(clean_str)}") # e.g. '100.0%'
try:
match = re.search(r'(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)', clean_str)
if match:
percent = float(match.group(1))
else:
print("❌ Regex didn't match!")
percent = 0
except Exception as e:
print(f"❌ Error parsing percent: {e}")
percent = 0
# print(f"✅ current progress for {progress_key} is: {percent}")
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'downloading', 'percent': percent})
url = request.POST.get('url')
unique_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
temp_dir = tempfile.gettempdir()
base_filename = f"temp_{unique_id}"
download_path = f"{temp_dir}/{base_filename}.%(ext)s"
# print(f"download_path: {download_path}")
output_audio_file = f"{temp_dir}/{base_filename}.mp3"
ydl_opts = {
'format': 'bestaudio/best',
'outtmpl': download_path, # No fixed extension!
'postprocessors': [{
'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',
'preferredcodec': 'mp3',
'preferredquality': '192',
}],
'progress_hooks': [progress_hook],
'quiet': True,
'no_warnings': True,
'noplaylist': True,
}
print(f"downloading : {url}")
try:
with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
ydl.download([url])
print(f"transcribing : {output_audio_file}")
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'transcribing', 'percent': 100})
result = model.transcribe(output_audio_file,verbose=False)
vtt = generate_vtt(result['segments'])
vtt_file = save_vtt(output_audio_file,vtt)
except Exception as e:
error = str(e)
# transcription = result['text']
# audio = AudioSegment.from_file(output_audio_file)
# chunk_length_ms = 60 * 1000 # 1-minute chunks
# chunks = [audio[i:i+chunk_length_ms] for i in range(0, len(audio), chunk_length_ms)]
# results = []
# total_chunks = len(chunks)
# cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'transcribing', 'percent': 0})
# for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
# temp_filename = f"temp_chunk_{i}.wav"
# chunk.export(temp_filename, format="wav")
# result = model.transcribe(temp_filename, verbose=False)
# results.append(result["text"])
# os.remove(temp_filename)
# # Update progress
# percent = int((i + 1) / total_chunks * 100)
# cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'transcribing', 'percent': percent})
# # Combine all chunk texts
# transcription = "\n".join(results)
cache.set(progress_key, {'stage': 'done', 'percent': 100})
filename = os.path.basename(output_audio_file)
final_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, 'uploads', filename)
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(final_path), exist_ok=True)
shutil.move(output_audio_file, final_path)
# Public URL
file_url = settings.MEDIA_URL + 'uploads/' + filename
audio_html = f'<audio controls><source src="{file_url}" type="audio/wav">Your browser does not support the audio element.</audio>'
return JsonResponse({'text': result['text'], 'segments': result['segments'], 'audio_file': audio_html })
# if os.path.exists(output_audio_file):
# os.remove(output_audio_file)
# return render(request, 'transcription.html', {
# 'form': form,
# 'transcription': transcription,
# 'error': error,
# 'progress_key': progress_key,
# })
else:
form = TranscribeForm()
return render(request, 'transcription.html', {
'form': form,
'transcription': transcription,
'error': error,
'progress_key': progress_key,
})
def csv_to_html_table(filepath):
def is_valid_url(url):
# URL pattern matching - must start with http:// or https://
url_pattern = re.compile(
r'^https?://' # must start with http:// or https://
r'([a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?\.)+' # domain
r'[a-zA-Z]{2,}' # TLD
r'(/[a-zA-Z0-9-._~:/?#[\]@!$&\'()*+,;=]*)?$' # path and query
)
return bool(url_pattern.match(url))
html = '<table id="dataset" class="table table-bordered mt-2 smaller">'
with open(filepath, newline='') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
for i, row in enumerate(reader):
if i == 0:
html += '<thead>'
html += "<tr>" + "".join(f"<th>{col}</th>" for col in row) + "</tr>"
html += '</thead>'
else:
html += "<tr>" + "".join(
f'<td><a href="{col}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">{col}</a></td>' if is_valid_url(col) else f"<td>{col}</td>"
for col in row
) + "</tr>"
html += "</table>"
return html