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+00:00
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+so I guess the easiest way to put it is manufacturing using 3d printers will it
+所以我想最简单的方法就是使用 3D 打印机进行制造，可以吗？
+create a net positive of jobs and will it be moved back to the US great
+创造净正就业机会并将其转移回美国吗？
+question it will in the US I think it is
+问题是在美国我认为是这样
+it's a net positive for places that have seen manufacturing jobs leave their
+对于那些制造业岗位流失的地方来说，这是一个净利好消息
+country right I would say China is probably gonna be in trouble I read a
+国家权利 我想说中国可能会遇到麻烦 我读过一篇文章
+blog post recently about how Foxconn is looking to automate 30 percent of their
+最近的博客文章介绍了富士康如何寻求实现 30% 的自动化
+workforce in the next three years I think they have a million employees
+未来三年的劳动力 我认为他们有 100 万员工
+right so that's 300,000 people that might lose their jobs due to automation
+是的，有 300,000 人可能会因自动化而失业
+the hope obviously is that things are growing right it's not a zero-sum game
+显然，我们希望事情能够顺利发展，这不是一场零和游戏
+and so why are they losing jobs they're gonna be replaced by robotics they send
+那么为什么他们会失去工作，他们会被他们派来的机器人取代
+a low-cost option essentially and now robots are the low-cost option you can
+本质上是一种低成本选择，现在机器人是您可以选择的低成本选择
+deploy them anywhere so they're they're getting beaten at their own game
+将他们部署在任何地方，这样他们就可以在自己的游戏中被击败
+
+00:01
+00:01
+essentially and help us understand why in particular this is happening today
+本质上并帮助我们理解为什么今天会发生这种情况
+how are the robots of today any better in terms of their technology or
+当今的机器人在技术或技术方面有何进步？
+capabilities than the robots we've seen for a long time yeah I think there's a
+比我们长期以来看到的机器人的能力是的，我认为有一个
+few trends that are converging robots are becoming a lot cheaper is so just
+融合机器人变得越来越便宜的趋势很少如此
+focusing on the hardware side first we actually use a collaborative robot you
+首先关注硬件方面我们实际上使用的是协作机器人
+are 10 it's called and this is a $35,000 robot so depending on your perspective
+是 10 它是一个价值 35,000 美元的机器人，所以取决于你的观点
+that's either really expensive or really cheap it's cheap if you're used to
+要么真的很贵，要么真的很便宜，如果你习惯的话，那就便宜了
+spending money on hundred and fifty thousand dollar robots the other
+花钱买十五万美元的机器人
+advantage of the collaborative bots is that you can just plop them into a work
+协作机器人的优点是您可以将它们放入工作中
+environment and you don't have to spend a ton of money on safety equipment
+环境，您无需在安全设备上花费大量资金
+robots are really dangerous because if you're like working around them it will
+机器人真的很危险，因为如果你喜欢在它们周围工作，它就会
+able to just kill you honestly if you're in the wrong place at the wrong time so
+如果你在错误的时间出现在错误的地点，他就能诚实地杀死你
+these are designed to accommodate that by you know they have force sensing and
+这些设计是为了适应您知道它们具有力感应和
+
+00:02
+00:02
+stuff like that so they don't hurt people this started as a research trend in
+诸如此类的东西，这样它们就不会伤害人们，这最初是作为一种研究趋势
+Boston with this company called rethink robotics and they released their first
+波士顿这家名为 rethink robots 的公司发布了他们的第一个机器人
+arm in like 2011 so not only did the price come too
+就像2011年那样，不仅价格也来了
+but they also kind of got easier to integrate into the workplace you can
+但他们也更容易融入工作场所
+actually train them now just by like taking an arm and dragging it to a place
+实际上现在就训练它们，就像拿起一只手臂并将其拖到一个地方一样
+and saying like move here and like move here well go into that a little bit
+说喜欢搬到这里，喜欢搬到这里，我们稍微讨论一下
+deeper because we talked about it when you were giving me the tour like I'm
+更深入，因为当你像我一样带我参观时我们讨论过它
+very curious about how you actually program an arm there are so many
+非常好奇你实际上是如何对手臂进行编程的，有这么多
+different ways the software side of it I think is the other interesting part of
+我认为软件方面的不同方式是另一个有趣的部分
+the industry which is pretty pretty young there's at all you can probably
+这个行业还很年��，你可能可以做到
+talk to this even more but there's kind of like software of old with robotics
+更多地谈论这个，但有一种类似于机器人技术的旧软件
+which is very rigid and structured and focused around safety and then there's
+这是非常严格和结构化的，并且注重安全
+like software of new which is all five years old or less and most of that has
+就像新软件一样，这些软件都是五年或更短的，其中大部分已经使用了
+
+00:03
+00:03
+been developed around this one system called Ross robot operating system and
+围绕这个称为罗斯机器人操作系统的系统开发
+Ross is really exciting for the industry because it's very accessible you can
+罗斯对这个行业来说真的很令人兴奋，因为你可以很容易地接触到它
+program it it's open-source but it obviously has a lot of a lot of things
+对其进行编程，它是开源的，但它显然有很多很多东西
+to be improved before it's like quite ready for highly structured environments
+在为高度结构化的环境做好准备之前需要改进
+where reliability is key I don't know you could probably talk a little bit
+可靠性是关键 我不知道你能不能谈谈
+more about what we've been planning on doing here yeah I mean the the
+更多关于我们在这里计划做什么的事情是的，我的意思是
+cooperative arms are really nice because even before you get to the level of we
+合作手臂真的很好，因为即使在你达到我们的水平之前
+need to integrate Ross to add vision or something else like that the you are 10
+需要整合罗斯来增加视野或其他类似的东西，你是10
+is actually at the point where you just pop open a socket and send it some ascii
+实际上就是你只需打开一个套接字并向其发送一些ascii
+commands and you have it moving around immediately so the interface there is
+命令，你让它立即移动，所以那里的界面
+really easy and actually we've been able to treat most of our robotics projects
+非常简单，实际上我们已经能够处理我们的大部分机器人项目
+to this point just as software projects we're definitely interested in bringing
+到目前为止，就像我们绝对有兴趣引入的软件项目一样
+people in with robotics automation experience who can sort of handle or
+具有机器人自动化经验的人可以处理或
+
+00:04
+00:04
+think about the corner cases more and things like recovering from failure but
+更多地考虑极端情况以及从失败中恢复之类的事情，但是
+as far as getting a prototype together it's basically just a software project
+就制作原型而言，它基本上只是一个软件项目
+okay and so to make this more clear like how are you guys actually integrating
+好的，为了让这一点更清楚，比如你们实际上是如何整合的
+robots because you know on the surface you're doing 3d printing and those are
+机器人，因为表面上你知道你正在做 3D 打印，而这些是
+confined boxes so why do you need arms 3d printers are robots I'm just gonna
+密闭的盒子所以你为什么需要手臂 3D 打印机是机器人我只是要
+say definition ok we're definitely adding adding more to
+说定义好吧，我们肯定会添加更多内容
+the mix so I think the cool thing it's it's actually a pretty
+混合所以我认为很酷的事情它实际上是一个漂亮的
+straightforward application of the arm and it's something that people have been
+直接使用手臂，人们已经习惯了
+using robotics for for awhile which is just your classic machine tending so
+使用机器人一段时间，这只是你的经典机器，所以
+basically you know you have some high value piece of equipment that's churning
+基本上你知道你有一些高价值的设备正在运转
+out these jobs for you you want to be able to run it 24/7 so you just have an
+为您完成这些工作，您希望能够 24/7 运行它，所以您只需一个
+arm sit there and your machine is so high value that every second you can
+手臂坐在那里，你的机器价值如此之高，以至于你的每一秒都可以
+keep it producing is worth money to your
+保持生产对你来说是值得的
+company we actually have a slightly more exaggerated case of that where we have
+公司实际上有一个稍微夸张一点的例子
+
+00:05
+00:05
+you know 160 3d printers so it's not one-armed tending one machine like I
+你知道 160 台 3D 打印机，所以它不像我一样用一只手看管一台机器
+think you tend to see in the traditional deployment of this technology we have
+您认为您倾向于在该技术的传统部署中看到我们有
+one arm tending fifty or a hundred machines so it's very valuable to us
+一只手臂照顾五十或一百台机器，所以这对我们来说非常有价值
+essentially to be able to to do something like this with the arm okay
+基本上能够用手臂做这样的事情
+and so why have you guys opted for the machines the 3d printers that you've
+那么为什么你们选择了 3D ��印机呢？
+gone with we we use big about replicator twos we use them because we know they
+随着我们的使用，我们使用大量的复制器二元组，我们使用它们，因为我们知道它们
+work and we we actually used to work at MakerBot the manufacturer of the printer
+工作，我们实际上曾经在打印机制造商 MakerBot 工作
+and so when we were there we obviously got a lot of experience with these
+所以当我们在那里时，我们显然在这些方面获得了很多经验
+they're kind of older technology at this point so we're definitely looking to
+目前它们是一种较旧的技术，所以我们肯定会寻求
+integrate the next thing pretty soon mm-hmm and because they're like so
+很快就会整合下一个东西，因为它们就像这样
+people understand the landscape there's a whole range or 3d printers right like
+人们了解情况，有全系列或 3D 打印机，就像
+in the past I mean when did it start like 20 years ago people started doing
+过去，我的意思是从什么时候开始，就像 20 年前人们开始做的那样
+
+00:06
+00:06
+3d printing 83 I think was like the first like patent around 3d printing so
+3D 打印 83 我认为这就像第一个围绕 3D 打印的专利，所以
+in the past 30 years expensive printers like $100,000
+过去30年昂贵的打印机大约10万美元
+printers the cheapest printer was maybe like $20,000 printers have been the name
+打印机 最便宜的打印机可能是 20,000 美元 打印机已经被称为
+of the game and these are all used for prototypes starting in around 2007 those
+游戏的所有内容都用于 2007 年左右开始的原型
+original patents expired and people started developing desktop printers
+原始专利到期，人们开始开发桌面打印机
+which is what really spurred the 3d printing explosion of like 2012 and fall
+这才是真正刺激 3D 打印在 2012 年和秋季爆发的原因
+from maybe you know there was kind of this curve of like oh my god we're
+也许你知道有这样一条曲线，就像天哪，我们是
+really excited about 3d printing everything is going to be 3d printed
+对 3D 打印感到非常兴奋，一切都将被 3D 打印
+then the reality set in there's a lot of work that needs to be done before we're
+那么现实情况是，在我们之前还有很多工作需要完成
+there so cheap printers which is the desktop printers that we use are just
+有这么便宜的打印机，我们使用的桌面打印机只是
+low-end commoditize hardware the technology was invented you know a few
+低端商品化硬件这项技术的发明你知道几个
+decades ago and people just figure out how to make them really cheaply in scale
+几十年前，人们刚刚弄清楚如何以真正便宜的规模制造它们
+and that's what we're built on and you guys have opted into those cheaper
+这就是我们的基础，你们选择了那些更便宜的
+
+00:07
+00:07
+printers just so you can have more jobs running simultaneously it's it's the
+打印机只是为了让您可以同时运行更多作业
+Google Amazon method to reliability essentially and it sort of flips the
+谷歌亚马逊的可靠性本质上是一种颠覆
+current or old style 3d Service Bureau on its head very valuable machines
+当前或旧式 3D Service Bureau 是非常有价值的机器
+creating very valuable parts in small quantities for us it's all about scale
+为我们小批量生产非常有价值的零件，这一切都与规模有关
+and and cheap parts so going back to robotics for a second if I'm listening
+和廉价的零件，所以如果我在听的话，请回到机器人技术
+to this podcast today and I'm kind of interested in getting into robotics but
+今天的播客，我对进入机器人技术很感兴趣，但是
+I don't really know where to start what should I do
+我真的不知道从哪里开始我应该做什么
+that's a great question there are really cheap robotic arms out there that you
+这是一个很好的问题，那里确实有便宜的机械臂，你可以
+would start with so like craig and i were actually talk about this earlier
+会像克雷格一样开始，实际上我之前就讨论过这个
+you can buy like a five axis arm which is you know servos yeah there's a few
+你可以买一个五轴臂，你知道伺服系统是的，有一些
+different ones I actually haven't heard of that one they use servos they can
+不同的，我实际上没有听说过，他们使用伺服系统，他们可以
+
+00:08
+00:08
+lift a few hundred grams and you can just like put on your desk and have it
+举起几百克，你就可以把它放在桌子上
+like you know move your pen from one point to the other you know and you can
+就像你知道的那样，将你的笔从一个点移动到另一个点，你知道你可以
+actually obviously add more complex tasks on top of that so pick up one of
+实际上显然在此基础上添加了更复杂的任务，所以选择其中之一
+those and then start using one of the open-source libraries out there
+这些，然后开始使用其中一个开源库
+programming a robotic arm is a lot easier than maybe it was a long time ago
+对机械臂进行编程可能比很久以前容易得多
+because they handle all the complicated stuff like how do you get from point A
+因为他们处理所有复杂的事情，比如如何从 A 点出发
+to point B you can kind of just tell it move to these coordinates and XYZ and
+对于 B 点，您可以告诉它移动到这些坐标和 XYZ 以及
+then sometimes you tweak it a little bit for like how it moves there but the
+然后有时你会稍微调整一下它的移动方式，但是
+details are handled right now by software that's been developed over the
+详细信息现在由开发的软件处理
+last 10 20 years and when you guys are programming your larger cool or arm are
+过去 10 20 年，当你们编程时，你们的大酷或手臂是
+you doing any of it in simulation are there any good software packages to be
+你在模拟中做任何事情有没有好的软件包可以
+to be had there I think we we had an intern working on
+我想我们有一个实习生在那里工作
+
+00:09
+00:09
+on that project over the summer and I think just at the end he discovered some
+整个夏天他都在研究这个项目，我想就在最后他发现了一些
+simulation tools and yes basically you can you can get a simulation that shows
+模拟工具，是的，基本上你可以，你可以得到一个显示的模拟
+your environment shows actually this is one of the built-in features to Ross
+您的环境实际上表明这是罗斯的内置功能之一
+it's just a module that you can include and it'll let you simulate and just sort
+它只是一个您可以包含的模块，它可以让您模拟并进行排序
+of show you exactly where the bot is or if you're running simulations where you
+向您显示机器人的确切位置，或者您是否正在运行模拟
+think it is so the tooling around this I think has
+我认为围绕这个的工具我认为有
+been improving and actually today is in a you know it has a lot of things that
+一直在进步，实际上今天你知道它有很多东西
+we could use but it's it's in a pretty good spot today I think that's also an
+我们可以使用，但它今天处于一个非常好的位置，我认为这也是一个
+excellent point to bring up because that is going to be the future of Robotics
+提出这一点非常好，因为这将是机器人技术的未来
+simulating so that the robot can teach itself how to do things and basically
+进行模拟，以便机器人能够自学如何做事，基本上
+humans can train robots to do more kind of like objective oriented tasks and
+人类可以训练机器人做更多类似目标导向的任务
+then it can figure out the details for you our goal is to eventually build a
+然后它可以为您找出详细信息我们的目标是最终建立一个
+
+00:10
+00:10
+system for let's say assembling a product that we're making on an assembly
+比方说，用于组装我们正在组装上制造的产品的系统
+line we would love an arm that is dexterous enough to replicate actions
+我们希望有一只足够灵巧的手臂来复制动作
+that human hands can do and maybe just have like a video camera and have a
+人手可以做到，也许就像摄像机一样
+human assemble one and then the arm will
+人类组装一个然后手臂就会
+teach itself how to do that from a video that would be amazing
+通过视频教自己如何做到这一点，这将是令人惊奇的
+that is what we want to build I think that requires simulation is what we're
+这就是我们想要构建的，我认为这需要模拟，这就是我们要做的
+working towards interesting and does anyone manufacture today anything that
+努力变得有趣，今天有人制造任何东西吗？
+resembles human dexterity in terms of you know fingers so there's there's
+类似于人类的灵巧程度，你知道手指，所以有
+definitely some robot arms that are meant to like grab objects and they have
+肯定有一些机器人手臂是用来抓取物体的，而且它们有
+fingers and they're slow they're not the best there's probably two two movements
+手指，它们很慢，它们不是最好的，可能有两个两个动作
+when it comes to like grippers in the robotics world there's the hard you know
+当谈到机器人世界中的抓手时，你知道有什么困难
+rigid like one or two AXI actuators and then there's the soft grippers so the
+像一两个 AXI 执行器一样刚性，然后是软夹具，因此
+
+00:11
+00:11
+hard actuators you designed to do one task and like you optimize it for that
+您设计用于执行一项任务的硬执行器，并且您为此优化了它
+and it can do that over and over again and it's cheap and simple this
+它可以一次又一次地做到这一点，而且便宜又简单
+soft actuators which are not as mature are kind of designed to like pick up
+不太成熟的软执行器是设计来喜欢拾取的
+objects that are weird like this without
+像这样奇怪的物体没有
+breaking it a lot of them even work with like air sacks that just kind of like
+他们中的很多人甚至使用类似气囊的东西来打破它
+closed around things and those really aren't dexterous enough for precise
+封闭在事物周围，而这些事物确实不够灵巧，无法精确地
+enough I haven't seen anything yet that is like as good as a human hand
+够了，我还没见过像人手一样好的东西
+just kind of weird following the line of training yourself to learn robotics
+遵循训练自己学习机器人技术的路线有点奇怪
+where are the areas that you see developing right now that are super
+您认为目前正在发展的超级领域有哪些？
+interesting in high value to companies where people can start contributing to
+对公司具有高价值，人们可以开始为之做出贡献
+to open-source projects so if I were in undergrad or getting my Master's right
+开源项目，所以如果我是本科生或获得硕士学位
+now I would be learning Ross and I would
+现在我要学习罗斯，我会
+be focusing on research that was towards that training problem this is also
+专注于针对该培训问题的研究，这也是
+problem that opening eye is working on and has published some cool videos and
+Open Eye 正在解决这个问题，并发布了一些很酷的视频和
+
+00:12
+00:12
+papers about if you're really just looking to get a job there's kind of two
+关于如果你真的只是想找一份工作的论文，有两种
+flavors of Robotics right now there's like the research side which is what
+现在机器人技术的风格有研究方面
+we're talking about and then there's the industrial automation side industrial
+我们正在谈论工业自动化方面
+automation is very different industrial automation is about performing one task
+自动化是非常不同的工业自动化是关于执行一项任务
+over and over again really efficiently and cost-effectively companies most
+一次又一次真正高效且最具成本效益的公司
+manufacturing companies will invest hundreds of thousands of dollars
+制造企业将投资数十万美元
+building a machine that just does one thing really efficiently so it's not
+建造一台只真正高效地做一件事的机器，所以它不是
+flexible is the main difference to do that you need to be a mechanical
+灵活是主要的区别，你需要成为一个机械人
+engineer an electrical engineer and have a little bit of software knowledge and
+工程师一名电气工程师并具有一点软件知识
+then you can become an industrial automation expert and go work you know
+那么您就可以成为工业自动化专家并从事您熟悉的工作
+for Toyota automating their next assembly line or Tesla may be a little
+对于丰田来说，自动化他们的下一条装配线或特斯拉可能有点
+bit cooler so there there are two paths there's the research path which is
+有点酷，所以有两条路，其中一条是研究路
+probably more interesting for the intellectual folks who like to think
+对于喜欢思考的知识分子来说可能更有趣
+
+00:13
+00:13
+about problems that have been solved yet and then there's the industrial
+关于尚未解决的问题，然后是工业
+automation path which is a little bit more practical a little bit more like
+自动化路径更实用一点更像
+classical engineer I'm just gonna like build stuff in so Daniel what's come
+古典工程师我只是想在里面建造一些东西所以丹尼尔会发生什么
+across your desk with the AI grants related to robotics yes so Justin back
+办公桌上放着与机器人相关的人工智能补助金，是的，所以贾斯汀回来了
+color AI grant is a kind of decentralized research lab
+色彩人工智能资助是一种去中心化的研究实验室
+where people can fill out an application in about five minutes and within a
+人们可以在大约五分钟内填写一份申请
+couple of weeks we let them know for giving them a grant for what that has
+几周后，我们让他们知道我们为他们提供了一笔补助金
+both cash and twenty thousand dollars in GPU training credits and we've gotten
+现金和两万美元的 GPU 培训积分，我们已经得到了
+almost a thousand applications for the second round of AI grant
+第二轮人工智能资助近千份申请
+many of them focus on of the ones involved in robotics they're almost all
+他们中的许多人都专注于与机器人技术有关的人，他们几乎都是
+entirely in simulation the advantage to simulation is you could
+完全在模拟中模拟的优点是你可以
+do this from you know your pajamas at home you don't have to buy anything and
+这样做你知道你在家穿睡衣，你不需要买任何东西
+they all they're all kind of very similar to the work opening eyes trying
+他们都和睁开眼睛尝试的工作非常相似
+
+00:14
+00:14
+to do where you want to give an agent a video feed like a human would get and
+执行您想要向代理提供像人类一样的视频源的操作
+try to get it to learn to do something I you know all of the approaches are kind
+尝试让它学会做某事我你知道所有的方法都是友善的
+of as far as I could tell somewhat similar to what general research is
+据我所知，与一般研究有些相似
+doing so if you have to come across something incredibly different and weird
+如果您必须遇到一些非常不同和奇怪的事情，请这样做
+but I'm eager to find it and help that person get their paper published if they
+但我渴望找到它并帮助那个人发表他们的论文，如果他们
+have if they're listening to this podcast now yeah well what are the
+如果他们现在正在听这个播客，那么有什么
+approaches people are using because I don't think it's I mean AI is obviously
+人们正在使用的方法，因为我不认为这是我的意思是人工智能显然是
+of interest to many people but robotics specifically within a I like how
+很多人都感兴趣，但机器人技术尤其是我喜欢的领域
+training in a simulation even works could you just walk through that for
+模拟训练甚至有效，你能简单地演练一下吗？
+people who want to understand yeah and and I'm sure they're there folks
+想要理解的人是的，我相信他们就在那里
+that are significantly more expert in this than me but the rough idea is even
+他们在这方面比我更专业，但粗略的想法是
+
+00:15
+00:15
+beyond a simulation in reality which what you're doing is you set up a camera
+除了现实中的模拟之外，你所做的就是设置一个相机
+and you use you know about the 2014-15 technology that we we've uncovered as a
+你使用你知道的 2014-15 技术，我们发现了作为
+species which is we've managed to teach computers how to look inside images to
+我们已经成功教会计算机如何查看图像内部的物种
+get a general understanding of what the agent is looking at and then you'll
+大致了解代理正在查看的内容，然后您将
+traditionally you'll have you know ideally a human performance ask so you
+传统上，您会理想地了解人类的表现要求，以便您
+know you're moving a ball from one hand to another or you moving a ball from one
+知道您正在将球从一只手移至另一只手，或者将球从一只手移至另一只手
+point to another and then there's kind of two sinner
+指向另一个，然后就有两个罪人
+here there's one we're totally on a free-form basis the robot arm will try
+这里有一个我们完全在自由形式的基础上机器人手臂会尝试的
+to do the same exact thing and it's just trying to emulate what the human hand
+做同样的事情，它只是试图模仿人手的动作
+saw there's another approach which is that the robot arm has some type of goal
+看到还有另一种方法，那就是机器人手臂有某种类型的目标
+function that it is looking to maximize and so it kind of flails around and
+它希望最大化的功能，所以它有点摇摆不定
+realizes okay like randomly moving around in space bad idea because that's
+意识到就像在太空中随机移动一样是个坏主意，因为那是
+
+00:16
+00:16
+not increasing my goal function you know touching this ball seemingly
+没有增加我的目标函数你知道似乎触摸这个球
+slightly better you know moving this ball across the coordinates of the right
+稍微好一点，你知道将这个球移动到右侧的坐标上
+place even better and so in particular this is done with things that where you
+地方甚至更好，所以特别是这是通过你所在的地方完成的
+could measure very clearly the objective function like unscrewing a cap from a
+可以非常清楚地测量目标函数，就像拧开盖子一样
+bottle and then you basically try to match those two things together into an
+瓶子然后你基本上尝试将这两个东西匹配在一起
+end-to-end system as far as I can tell this at a truly end-to-end system you
+据我所知，这是一个真正的端到端系统
+know that the works in the physical world I don't think has been
+知道我认为物质世界中的作品并没有被
+demonstrated by anyone yet but but I may be wrong
+已经被任何人证明过，但我可能是错的
+there was one gnarly unnamed research lab that had a just a goal Maximizer
+有一个粗糙的无名研究实验室，它的目标只有一个：Maximizer
+robot arm I think with a bottle cap and this thing was it wasn't even given any
+机器人手臂，我想是带着瓶盖的，这东西甚至没有给它任何东西
+image priors it was just he'll try to unscrew the cap and so the arm which is
+先验图像只是他会尝试拧开盖子，因此手臂是
+quite strong is flailing around trying to unscrew the cap and it's it's not
+相当强劲，正在尝试拧开盖子，但事实并非如此
+
+00:17
+00:17
+smart it's just trying to unscrew the cap you know don't don't blame it and
+聪明，它只是想拧开盖子，你知道，不要责怪它，
+then apparently the store so the server is told it grabs onto a researchers arm
+然后显然是商店，所���服务器被告知它抓住了研究人员的手臂
+and it's like oh let me try to squeeze in screws okay that's not working
+就像哦，让我尝试拧入螺丝，好吧，这不起作用
+I said no harm was done but I think it's an interesting example to how a I true
+我说没有造成任何伤害，但我认为这是一个有趣的例子，说明了我是如何做到这一点的
+AI could be actually like not evil pretty harmless it's just doing this
+人工智能实际上可能并不邪恶，相当无害，它只是这样做
+other thing where it just wants to get more paperclips and then by accident
+其他它只是想获得更多回形针然后意外地发生的事情
+destroys this all yeah hopefully the goal function isn't like take over the
+摧毁这一切是的希望目标函数不像接管
+world launch nuclear missiles I guess my point is even with a simple goal
+世界发射核导弹 我想我的观点是即使有一个简单的目标
+function like get more energy to run faster you could accidentally kind of
+功能就像获得更多能量跑得更快，你可能会意外地有点
+cause a lot of damage protect humans from themselves kill them all I mean
+造成很多伤害 保护人类免受自身伤害 杀死他们 我的意思是
+who's putting in the bounds right now obviously open AI is doing ton of
+现在谁在限制显然开放人工智能正在做很多事情
+research around this but yeah I mean when you hit a level of intelligence
+围绕这个进行研究，但是是的，我的意思是当你达到一定的智力水平时
+maybe slightly passed unscrewing someone's arm word of Constraints people
+也许稍微通过了拧开某人的手臂的话约束人
+
+00:18
+00:18
+are trying to create an AI right now boy it's an active area of research and
+现在正在尝试创建一个人工智能，男孩，这是一个活跃的研究领域
+tweeting of Elon Musk so I mean I think there's a lot of people working on safe
+埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）发推文，所以我的意思是，我认为有很多人致力于安全
+AI I'm personally pretty skeptical on the regulation approach that people keep
+人工智能 我个人对人们所采取的监管方法持怀疑态度
+on proposing because it's not clear to me how you could make it global and and
+关于提议，因为我不清楚如何才能使其全球化并且
+I don't think that you know all the smart people are in America I think
+我认为你不知道所有聪明人都在美国
+they're spread across the world so I think regulation would just mean that
+它们遍布世界各地，所以我认为监管意味着
+America's lost to the game I think there's folks working on you know kind
+美国输给了这场游戏，我想有人在为你工作，你知道吗？
+of failsafe or Deadman switch is something that
+故障保护或 Deadman 开关的作用是
+would stop an algorithm before it starts hitting folk hurting other humans
+会在算法开始攻击伤害其他人类之前停止它
+there's people working on algorithms that are cooperative in their style so
+有人正在研究以他们的风格合作的算法，所以
+open and deep mind actually published a paper on this where that the training is
+开放而深刻的思想实际上发表了一篇关于这方面的论文，其中培训是
+done with a human in the loop who's actively making suggestions and the
+与一个积极提出建议的人一起完成
+hypothesis I believe is that well if that would always happen at least the
+我相信如果这种情况总是发生的话那就很好了，至少
+
+00:19
+00:19
+human could direct the AI to be like Oz bad
+人类可以指挥人工智能像奥兹国一样糟糕
+let's stop hurting my arm type of thing and I'm sure there's plenty other
+让我们停止伤害我的手臂之类的事情吧，我相信还有很多其他的事情
+approaches that I'm not not even aware of I am personally I haven't heard it's
+我什至不知道的方法我个人我没有听说过
+it's quite fascinating when there's a area like this there's an open problem
+当像这样的领域存在一个悬而未决的问题时，这是非常有趣的
+which is the AGI problem which we're all aware of we're all talking about you
+这是我们都知道的 AGI 问题，我们都在谈论你
+know over dinner oh my gosh what's gonna happen and no one's really thought of a
+晚餐时就知道天哪会发生什么，但没人真正想到过
+clean answer and it's kind of made me wonder if there is one at all because
+干净的答案，这让我想知道是否有一个答案，因为
+it's one of those things where I feel like who's an obvious one it would have
+这是我觉得谁是显而易见的事情之一
+it would have come up by now there's a lot of smart people thinking about it
+现在应该已经出现了，有很多聪明人都在考虑这个问题
+and so I've kind of resigned myself to believe that from AGI you know killing
+所以我有点听天由命地相信，从 AGI 中你就知道杀戮
+us it's not clear to me that there is a smart answer
+我们不清楚���否有一个明智的答案
+I mean depressingly if you go online you read stories about what we do to other
+我的意思是，令人沮丧的是，如果您上网，您会读到有关我们对其他人所做的事情的故事
+species we consider less intelligent right we're not that moral like there's
+我们认为智力较低的物种，我们并不像那里那样有道德
+a great slash very sad reddit thread about how people abuse characters from
+一个关于人们如何滥用角色的伟大斜线，非常悲伤的 Reddit 帖子
+The Sims oh no and you know we all did this you know you like build a house
+模拟人生哦不，你知道我们都做过这个你知道你喜欢建造一座房子
+
+00:20
+00:20
+put him in the pool and then you take out the yeah the ladder and we all
+把他放进游泳池然后你拿出梯子然后我们都
+thought it was hilarious but you think about it and you're like well that's
+觉得这很搞笑，但你仔细想想，你会觉得这就是
+kind of the same thing if you superimpose it onto a super smart AI to
+如果你把它叠加到一个超级智能的人工智能上，就会得到同样的结果
+us obviously we crush ants without giving it another thought I am skeptical
+显然，我们压死了蚂蚁，没有再想一想，我对此表示怀疑
+that we will find a way to fix that I am
+我们会找到一种方法来解决我的问题
+optimistic that that that's not gonna be
+乐观地认为那不会是这样
+what kills us as a species though okay I because I think there are far more
+是什么杀死了我们作为一个物种，好吧，我因为我认为还有更多
+threatening things that are closer for example the use of AI by a human to
+威胁更接近的事物，例如人类使用人工智能
+create some you know some type of nefarious damage so what's what's
+制造一些你知道的某种类型的邪恶损害，那是什么
+happening is there's this AI hype right now and so more and more industries are
+现在正在发生这样的人工智能炒作，所以越来越多的行业正在
+moving their infrastructure to kind of non-deterministic machine learning based
+将他们的基础设施转移到基于非确定性机器学习的
+stuff cars are going to be using machine learning to drive the electricity grid
+汽车将使用机器学习来驱动电网
+will manage itself using machine learning and so as a result it will be
+将使用机器学习进行自我管理，因此它将是
+more susceptible to attacks from that same thing as opposed to being manned by
+更容易受到同一事物的攻击，而不是由
+a human and so the power grid is now constantly being regulated by an
+人类，因此电网现在不断受到
+algorithm instead of a human could that algorithm be interrupted by another
+算法而不是人类该算法是否会被另一个算法打断
+
+00:21
+00:21
+smarter algorithm in a way that would been easier than to interrupt the human
+更智能的算法，比打断人类更容易
+eye I think so so I suspect war will actually not be
+眼睛我这么认为所以我怀疑战争实际上不会
+from a GI war and damage and carnage will be from weaponized dumb AI yeah
+来自大兵战争，伤害和屠杀将来自武器化的愚蠢人工智能 是的
+well to kind of like concretely connect the dots
+有点像具体连接点
+your robots currently right now are fixed to the ground but they're going to
+您的机器人目前固定在地面上，但它们将会
+start moving at some point right yeah they're gonna be put on mobile bases not
+在某个时刻开始移动，是的，他们将被放置在移动基地上，而不是
+dissimilar from like a table azad warehouse right and so have you begun
+与像桌子一样的仓库不同，所以你开始了吗
+that training process no we've gotten a few demos but the
+培训过程我们已经得到了一些演示，但是
+hardware is actually really early when Amazon acquired Kiva they just took that
+硬件实际上很早，当亚马逊收购 Kiva 时，他们就拿走了它
+out of the market and so right around now is when people are starting to
+退出市场，所以现在人们开始
+release mobile bases again but they're all in beta I think there are a few that
+再次发布移动基地，但它们都处于测试阶段，我认为有一些
+you can actually buy so no we haven't gotten started on the moving problem wow
+你实际上可以购买，所以不，我们还没有开始解决搬家问题哇
+so amazon's acquisition of Kiva you think this kind of slowdown innovation
+所以亚马逊收购 Kiva 你认为这种放缓创新
+
+00:22
+00:22
+like five years Wow something like that it took a long time for everyone else to
+大约五年了 哇这样的事情其他人花了很长时间才
+catch up yeah what about the the automated can I mean have you been to a
+赶上是的，自动化怎么样？我的意思是你去过吗？
+shipping container port ever I grew up in Long Beach California there's a
+我在加州长滩长大的集装箱港口
+massive yeah but I haven't like got the tour
+很大，是的，但我不喜欢参加这次巡演
+there are basically trailers that are autonomous I wonder I don't know who is
+基本上都有自动驾驶的拖车 我想知道我不知道是谁
+producing those but I don't think it was Cuban no keep it just does warehouse
+生产这些，但我不认为这是古巴的，没有保留，它只是做仓库
+robot yeah that's what I thought which is all like they can play picking pack
+机器人 是的，这就是我的想法，就像他们可以玩拾取包一样
+and stuff like that okay I think that's also the the shipyard example is an
+诸如此类的事情，好吧，我认为这也是造船厂的例子
+interesting it's an interesting example that shows how robotics scale in a way
+有趣的是，这是一个有趣的例子，展示了机器人技术如何以某种方式扩展
+that humans don't you could build a little mini shipping yard and train it
+人类不知道，你可以建造一个小型的小型船场并训练它
+on that or do it digitally right - it totally is a simulation and then roll it
+对此或者以数字方式进行 - 这完全是一个模拟，然后滚动它
+out and start moving around like multi-ton objects very quickly yeah
+出去并开始像数吨重的物体一样快速移动是的
+that's just a process that doesn't scale like it scales weight more efficiently
+这只是一个不能像衡量体重那样更有效地扩展的过程
+than a human process does which is a little bit scary what challenges do you
+比人类流程做的事情有点可怕，你面临什么挑战
+
+00:23
+00:23
+guys see if you wanted to scale to like a hundred thousand square-foot warehouse
+伙计们看看你是否想扩大到十万平方英尺的仓库
+you know for us it's actually so right now what we're building is kind of like
+你知道对我们来说实际上现在我们正在构建的东西有点像
+this footprint unit Factory which has 160 printers and we'll have like two
+这个占地单位工厂有 160 台打印机，我们将有大约两台
+arms moving around doing machine tending and then as parts come off of the
+手臂四处移动，进行机器维护，然后当零件从机器上脱落时
+printers they have to be post-process QC packed and shipped out I think when we
+打印机，他们必须经过后处理质量控制包装并发货，我想当我们
+automate each of those steps they each scale very easily most of the challenges
+自动化每个步骤，每个步骤都可以轻松应对大多数挑战
+getting the first part of it automated everything beyond that is kind of like
+让第一部分自动化，除此之外的一切都有点像
+can you buy the hardware quickly enough and traditional software scaling issues
+您能否足够快地购买硬件以及传统软件的扩展问题
+many of which are solved so going from a 1,800 square foot factory to a hundred
+其中许多问题都得到了解决，因此从 1,800 平方英尺的工厂到 100 平方英尺的工厂
+thousand square foot Factory is kind of like how many more arms do we need and
+千平方英尺的工厂有点像我们还需要多少手臂
+like how many AWS servers do we need to send up it's an engineering problem it
+比如我们需要发送多少台 AWS 服务器，这是一个工程问题
+
+00:24
+00:24
+actually doesn't seem that hard dude as CTO I mean so yeah I think there are
+作为首席技术官，实际上看起来并不那么难，我的意思是，是的，我认为有
+probably economies of scale that we could realize in a hundred thousand
+可能我们可以通过十万个来实现规模经济
+square foot space that we obviously can't get here but yeah I mean the easy
+平方英尺的空间，我们显然无法到达这里，但是是的，我的意思是简单
+answer to scaling would just be pound this footprint out as many times as we
+缩放的答案就是将这个足迹重复我们的次数
+can into that hundred thousand square foot space and we know basically like we
+可以进入那十万平方英尺的空间，我们基本上知道就像我们一样
+will keep costs basically where they are to
+将把成本基本控制在原来的水平
+but you know then we can slowly merge cells reorganize as we need to so this
+但你知道我们可以根据需要慢慢合并单元格重组
+is sort of our worst case scenario right now but we could in theory pop these
+这是我们现在最坏的情况，但理论上我们可以弹出这些
+open across the country if we needed to hmm it's very different from scaling a
+如果我们需要的话，在全国范围内开放 嗯，这与扩大规模有很大不同
+factory traditionally and this is a contentious top topic but scaling a
+传统上的工厂，这是一个有争议的热门话题，但扩展
+factory of robots is so much easier than scaling factory of people hiring people
+机器人工厂比扩大雇用人员的工厂容易得多
+is difficult as everyone knows hiring people who are good hiring people who
+是很困难的，因为每个人都知道雇佣优秀的人雇佣优秀的人
+
+00:25
+00:25
+you know show up to work on time etc hiring people in a different country if
+你知道准时上班等在不同国家雇用人员，如果
+your company doesn't speak that language it's difficult you know requires an
+你的公司不会说这种语言，这很难，你知道需要一个
+on-the-ground expert in the theoretical fully automated Factory case none of
+理论全自动化工厂案例的实地专家 没有
+those problems are real hmm if you can run a hundred thousand square foot
+如果你能经营十万平方英尺的话，这些问题都是真实存在的
+factory or a hundred thousand machine factory with 200 people it's a lot
+工厂或者十万个机械厂有200人就很多了
+easier than like a thousand people running a factory so that's I mean kind
+比一千个人经营一家工厂容易，所以我的意思是善良
+of the idea that Voodoo's built on is it'll be a lot easier to scale as we
+Voodoo 的构建理念是，随着我们的发展，它会更容易扩展
+build out this footprint right but you're also factoring in being really
+正确地构建这个足迹，但你也要考虑到真正的
+close to many people who are interested in manufacturing right I heard on one
+接近许多对制造感兴趣的人 我听说过
+podcast that you offer like pickup for certain folks yeah is it still the case
+您为某些人提供的播客，例如接送是的，情况仍然如此
+yeah I'll be worried Brooklyn we're right outside up ahead okay so do you have a
+是的，我会担心布鲁克林，我们就在前面，好吧，你有吗
+vision of just you know many factories or would you rather one giant one we
+愿景只是您知道许多工厂，还是您希望我们拥有一家大型工厂
+think of it kind of like server farms it's semi local so maybe there's not a
+认为它有点像服务器群，它是半本地的，所以也许没有
+
+00:26
+00:26
+server from right down the street from everyone in the world but there might be
+服务器来自世界上每个人的街道，但可能有
+one within one day delivery distance yeah or potentially in pickup distance
+一日内送货距离是的或可能在取货距离内
+for for larger customers it's actually really common in manufacturing for a
+对于较大的客户来说，这实际上在制造业中很常见
+company like Toyota to contract with somebody who's gonna make you know a sub
+像丰田这样的公司会与能让你了解潜艇的人签订合同
+component of one of their cars and then require them to set up a factory right
+他们的一辆汽车的组件，然后要求他们建立工厂权利
+next to the Toyota factory with like a conveyor belt literally moving the parts
+靠近丰田工厂，就像传送带一样移动零件
+from one to the other it's kind of a crazy thing that they can just say we're
+从一个到另一个，他们可以说我们是，这是一件疯狂的事情
+gonna work together but you're gonna build this factory right next to us
+我们会一起工作，但你要在我们旁边建这个工厂
+we're not going to build it you are that's also a lot easier with a robotic
+我们不会建造它，你是，使用机器人也容易得多
+Factory you know and you can you can customize it so it's just the right size
+您知道的工厂，您可以定制它，使其尺寸合适
+on the topic of Toyota how do you kind of see the future of the materials that
+关于丰田的话题，您如何看待这种材料的未来
+you can use in 3d printing evolving so today I think when people think of 3d
+你可以在不断发展的 3D 打印中使用，所以今天我认为当人们想到 3D 时
+
+00:27
+00:27
+printing they think of the like basically little plastic parts are you
+印刷他们认为基本上是小塑料部件，你是吗
+always going to be stuck with that or is there a strategy where that kind of
+总是会被困住，或者是否有一种策略可以使这种情况
+changes in expands so our vision for Vudu is definitely to move past just 3d
+变化不断扩大，因此我们对 Vudu 的愿景肯定是超越 3d
+printing but even within 3d printing you know it's been around since the 80s I
+打印，但即使在 3D 打印中，你也知道它自 80 年代以来就已经存在了
+think Boeing is 3d printing titanium parts for all of their planes now so 3d
+认为波音现在正在为他们所有的飞机 3d 打印钛零件，所以 3d
+printing as a technology if you consider the entire range is a very capable
+如果您认为整个系列都非常强大，那么印刷作为一种技术
+technology and you know generally technology trickles down to the low end
+技术，你知道技术通常会流向低端
+that's what we'll see here so Vudu is building an infrastructure for
+这就是我们将在这里看到的内容，因此 Vudu 正在构建基础设施
+onboarding digital manufacturing technologies so it doesn't matter if
+采用数字化制造技术，因此无论是否
+it's 3d printing if it's capable of doing plastic metal whatever you know
+如果它能够打印出你所知道的塑料金属，那么它就是 3D 打印
+we're interested in anything that takes a digital file as input and outputs a
+我们对任何以数字文件作为输入并输出的东西感兴趣
+physical object at the end so that's how we're going to handle the quality and
+最后是物理对象，这就是我们如何处理质量和
+
+00:28
+00:28
+material questions that come up we got a question from from Twitter about the
+出现的重大问题我们从 Twitter 收到了一个关于
+future of 3d printing and this point is probably the biggest
+3D打印的未来，这一点可能是最大的
+barrier to like a 3d printer being in everyone's home 3d printers just right
+像 3D 打印机一样进入每个家庭的障碍 3D 打印机恰到好处
+now don't have the material capabilities or the multi-material capabilities to
+现在不具备材料能力或多材料能力
+produce most of the objects in your house right most things are a
+生产你家里的大部分物品，大多数东西都是
+combination of plastic components multi-step plastic components electrical
+塑料部件的组合 多步塑料部件 电气
+you know PCBs wiring soldering batteries like all of this stuff which is
+你知道 PCB 接线焊接电池就像所有这些东西
+currently assembled it seems like people don't think about when they say the
+目前组装的似乎人们在说的时候没有想到
+future is gonna be a 3d printer in my house making my stuff maybe like 1% of
+未来我家里会有一台 3D 打印机，可以打印我的东西 1%
+the objects you own could be made by a 3d printer right now because they're
+您拥有的物品现在可以通过 3D 打印机制作，因为它们是
+just a single material so I think eventually we're gonna hit that
+只是一种材料，所以我想最终我们会实现这一点
+future where it's like the Star Trek replicator mm-hmm
+未来就像星际迷航复制机一样嗯嗯
+it's not gonna happen with any of the current technologies out there until
+现有的任何技术都不会发生这种情况，直到
+
+00:29
+00:29
+then digital manufacturing is still a thing
+那么数字化制造仍然是一件事
+digital file the physical product but it's gonna be a multi-step process which
+对物理产品进行数字归档，但这将是一个多步骤的过程
+I think benefits from economies of scale from a centralized facility what verse
+我认为从集中设施的规模经济中获益是什么？
+yeah what about even just literal objects kill just a plastic on this
+是的，即使只是字面上的物体也只会杀死上面的塑料呢
+chair yeah what is the time frame look like to where we could just have 3d
+椅子 是的，我们可以拥有 3d 的时间范围是多少
+printers making at least this part for us yeah
+打印机至少为我们制造这部分是的
+3d printing right now is not super cost-effective for big stuff meaning big
+目前 3D 打印对于意义重大的大东西来说并不是超级划算
+meeting anything larger than like a loaf of bread okay when you get bigger than
+遇到任何比一条面包更大的东西，当你变得比
+that it just gets prohibitively expensive and
+它只是变得昂贵得令人望而却步
+so printing that chair might cost a few hundred dollars there are big printers
+所以打印那把椅子可能要花几百美元，有大型打印机
+out there so people are definitely working on that problem but you kinda
+所以人们肯定正在解决这个问题，但你有点
+have to balance quality with speed and so I think the next wave of 3d printed
+必须平衡质量和速度，所以我认为下一波 3D 打印
+parts in the world and digital manufactured parts are all gonna be like
+世界上的零件和数字制造的零件都会像
+
+00:30
+00:30
+consumer packaged goods like smaller things that fit kind of again and just
+消费包装商品，例如可以再次安装的较小物品
+like loaf of bread size shape yeah you're not gonna start printing tables
+就像一条面包的大小形状是的，你不会开始打印表格
+and houses and stuff without significant improvements of the technology okay and
+以及房屋和东西，如果技术没有显着改进，还可以
+it's just expensive because it's a large amount of plastic it really comes down
+只是价格昂贵，因为它含有大量塑料，而且确实会下降
+to the extrusion rate of the Machine so let's say that that share is either
+到机器的挤出率，所以我们可以说该份额是
+injection molded or roto molded different moulding technologies you have
+您拥有的注塑或滚塑不同的成型技术
+like a physical mold which costs probably tens of thousands of dollars to
+就像一个物理模具，可能要花费数万美元
+make and you have a machine that very rapidly injects hot plastic into it and
+制造并且你有一台机器可以非常快速地将热塑料注入其中并且
+so the the rate of injection of those machines is probably like a thousand
+所以这些机器的注射速度可能是一千
+times faster than your average 3d printer so based on that fact alone you
+比普通 3D 打印机快几倍，因此仅根据这一事实，您就可以
+know you can just take the cost of the Machine time and the injection rate and
+知道您可以只考虑机器时间和注射速率的成本
+approximate how much it costs to build something and large objects just are too
+估算建造某物的成本，大型物体也太贵了
+
+00:31
+00:31
+expensive the ratios don't work yet so there's one handful of questions
+价格昂贵，比率还不起作用，所以有一些问题
+from Twitter one is about IP in China you remember this one yeah so Wyatt
+来自 Twitter 的一篇是关于中国知识产权的，你还记得这个，所以 Wyatt
+Sanders asked how do you deal with intellectual property in China how hard
+桑德斯问你在中国处理知识产权问题有多难
+is it finding support for new hardware as opposed to software I'm trying to
+它是否正在寻找对新硬件的支持，而不是我正在尝试的软件
+understand the question exactly I read it and I have a few questions about the
+完全理解这个问题我读过它并且我有一些关于
+question but I'll do my best since this is a in person question so honestly I
+问题，但我会尽力而为，因为这是一个面对面的问题，所以老实说，我
+you know I think with IP unless you're incredibly restrictive about like what
+你知道我认为知识产权除非你对什么有非常严格的限制
+gets out basically anything that isn't a well guarded trade secret somebody else
+基本上泄露了其他人没有严格保护的商业秘密的任何内容
+will have the most interesting I guess story I heard is when you're
+我想我听到的最有趣的故事就是当你
+manufacturing in China IP is thought about very differently than it is here I
+中国对制造业知识产权的看法与这里截然不同
+
+00:32
+00:32
+think there's kind of this belief that like things are just shared and so
+认为有一种信念，即类似的事物只是共享的，所以
+that's why you like everybody gets the sneak peek of an iPhone because in
+这就是为什么你喜欢每个人都抢先体验一下 iPhone，因为
+reality culturally let that culturally it's not a big as big of a deal to just
+现实文化上让文化上这并不是什么大不了的事
+kind of like share stuff I feel like so it's very different in China than it is
+有点像分享我喜欢的东西，所以这与中国的情况有很大不同
+in the u.s. so if you're getting something made in China I wouldn't
+在美国。所以如果你要买中国制造的东西我不会
+really count on IP being a big factor and even if you can keep something
+真正依靠知识产权作为一个重要因素，即使你可以保留一些东西
+totally under wraps like let's say you're building a top-of-the-line drone
+完全保密，就像假设您正在建造一架顶级无人机
+or something once this out of the market somebody in
+或者一旦这个东西退出市场，有人在
+China will buy one and then in like two or three months just replicate it mm-hmm
+中国会购买一个，然后在两三个月内复制它，嗯嗯
+it's not very difficult for them to do that with hardware hardware is becoming
+对他们来说，用硬件做到这一点并不难 硬件正在变得
+easier and easier to replicate over time and so it's getting closer to software
+随着时间的推移，复制变得越来越容易，因此它越来越接近软件
+so I think hardware IP will actually work a little bit more like software IP
+所以我认为硬件IP实际上会更像软件IP
+
+00:33
+00:33
+which is difficult to protect so actually an interesting to talk about
+这是很难保护的，所以实际上是一个有趣的话题
+voodoo again a little bit and where we fit into this one of the benefits of
+再次巫毒一点，我们融入其中的好处之一
+digital manufacturing is that you're not rebuilding your molds all the time when
+数字化制造的特点是您不必一直重建模具
+your iterating on your product so actually
+实际上你对你的产品进行了迭代
+the avenue for manufacturing companies protect protecting their products could
+制造公司保护其产品的途径可以
+be just iterating more rapidly and using companies like us to really stay ahead
+只是更快地迭代并利用像我们这样的公司来真正保持领先地位
+of the market mm-hmm how did Apple think about it
+市场的嗯嗯苹果是怎么想的
+you'd have to ask them no comment all right next question
+你必须问他们下一个问题不要发表评论
+Enrique asks I don't know if you would even have an answer to this but um 3d
+恩里克问我不知道你是否能回答这个问题，但是 3d
+printed solar panels have you heard of this no I didn't even see that question
+印刷太阳能电池板 你听说过这个吗 不 我什至没有看到这个问题
+came in on Facebook man I don't know anything about to do that yes yeah what
+进来了 Facebook 伙计，我不知道该怎么做 是的，什么
+do we have any context for this question the context is and I'm adding a word
+对于这个问题我们有任何背景吗？背景是，我要添加一个词
+
+00:34
+00:34
+here what has been the progress regarding 3d solar panels which I assume
+我认为 3D 太阳能电池板的进展是什么
+means 3d printed solar panels got it my guess is middle a lot of like
+意味着 3D 打印太阳能电池板得到了它，我猜是中间很多像
+processes that you use in making chips or dealing with silicon wafers have the
+您在制造芯片或处理硅晶圆时使用的工艺具有
+same names as 3d printing processes so there's like stereo lithography is a
+与 3D 打印工艺同名，所以立体光刻是一种
+common way of getting parts 3d printed basically that just means you have like
+获得 3D 打印零件的常见方法基本上意味着您有喜欢的
+a laser that's itching some pattern into
+激光在其中刻画出一些图案
+something so I can imagine a world where you can make solar panels with three
+所以我可以想象一个世界，你可以用三个来制造太阳能电池板
+versions but I actually don't know anything about it all right next
+版本，但我实际上不知道接下来的一切
+question then bit-bit asks what will 3d printing will it ever be incorporated
+那么 bit-bit 会问 3D 打印会被纳入什么领域吗？
+into our educational system the other way the way other technologies have
+以其他技术的方式进入我们的教育系统
+definitely that's a pretty simple answer yeah I mean I actually the first time I
+这绝对是一个非常简单的答案是的，我的意思是我实际上第一次
+used a 3d printer was in high school oh really
+高中时用过3D打印机哦，真的
+yeah to go to high school I went to this
+是的，为了上高中，我去了这个
+
+00:35
+00:35
+really nerdy school in California called the California Academy of math and
+加州有一所非常书呆子的学校，叫做加州数学学院
+science it was a public school but they got sponsorships from like engineering
+科学这是一所公立学校，但他们得到了工程等的赞助
+companies to help us get things like 3d printers so yeah I think it's definitely
+公司帮助我们获得 3D 打印机之类的东西，所以是的，我认为这绝对是
+moving in that direction and that when I was in high school that the $2,000
+朝着这个方向前进，当我上高中时，2,000 美元
+printer didn't exist so it was a big deal to have this like $30,000 machine
+打印机还不存在，所以拥有一台价值 30,000 美元的机器是一件大事
+in the you know that we could use hmm so machines are cheap enough there they
+你知道我们可以使用嗯，所以那里的机器足够便宜
+cost the same amount as a computer it'll just follow the same trend like
+成本与计算机相同，它只会遵循相同的趋势，例如
+computers started ending up in classrooms in the 90s right yeah so if
+计算机在 90 年代开始进入教室，是的，所以如果
+today is the 90s of computers in 20 years right I think kids will probably
+今天是 20 年后计算机的 90 年代，我想孩子们可能会
+using them to make all sorts of things okay I did have a couple questions about
+用它们来做各种各样的事情我确实有几个问题
+just your experience in YC were you guys in this group reading Daniels group yes
+只是你在 YC 的经历 你们这个小组里的人读过丹尼尔斯小组吗 是的
+
+00:36
+00:36
+yeah yes we were now I can connect the dots we can talk about Daniel off the
+是的，是的，我们现在可以把这些点联系起来，我们可以谈论丹尼尔
+record but what was your uh what was your experience like it well I see being
+记录一下，但是你的经历是什么，我认为是这样的
+a hardware company do you find it was any different ah yes I mean we're we're
+一家硬件公司，你发现它有什么不同吗？是的，我的意思是我们是我们是
+not quite a hardware company is the other side of it so we I think before we
+另一面不完全是一家硬件公司，所以我们我认为在我们之前
+went to IC we didn't quite know how to position ourselves with investors or
+去了 IC，我们不太知道如何向投资者定位自己，或者
+other people because we're not a hardware company we're not a software
+其他人，因为我们不是一家硬件公司，我们也不是一家软件公司
+company exclusively so I think being in YC and talking to Daniel and talking to
+公司独家所以我认为在 YC 并与 Daniel 交谈并与
+Sam basically helped us find ourselves as a robotics company that's that's
+山姆基本上帮助我们找到了一家机器人公司，就是这样
+really what it comes down to which is the intersection of hardware and
+真正归结为硬件和技术的交集
+software and if we succeed in the future we will have contributed significant
+软件，如果我们在未来取得成功，我们将做出重大贡献
+gains to the world of robotics and automation in manufacturing hmm do you
+制造领域的机��人和自动化世界的收益嗯，你呢
+
+00:37
+00:37
+remember what they were like in the beginning yeah grabbing pretty pretty
+还记得他们一开始的样子是的，抓得很漂亮
+formidable I think they were more formidable by the end though and I think
+强大我认为他们到最后更强大而且我认为
+why see the hope is that Y C gives founders a lot of things but one that
+为什么看到希望是 Y C 为创始人提供了很多东西，但其中一个
+often people discount because it's I think a little bit hard to capture in a
+人们经常打折，因为我认为在一个例子中捕捉到这一点有点困难
+couple of bullet points you can read on the Internet is it really changes
+您可以在互联网上阅读的几个要点是否真的发生了变化
+founders mentality and the way they think of just how big their company
+创始人的心态以及他们对公司规模的看法
+could be and I'm not saying that you guys were Myka when you came in you were
+可能是，我并不是说你们进来时就是 Myka
+already great you had already had a great business but I have found that
+已经很棒了，你的生意已经很棒了，但我发现
+with the the Voodoo founders and and a lot of other folks it it hopefully takes
+与 Voodoo 创始人和许多其他人一起，希望这需要
+it to the next in terms of figuring out how to position
+下一步是弄清楚如何定位
+their company when talking to investors internally and frankly to themselves
+他们的公司在内部与投资者交谈并坦白地自言自语时
+hmm um a question we get often times is uh what is it like being a solo founder
+嗯嗯，我们经常遇到的一个问题是，作为一名独立创始人是什么感觉
+and why I see you guys are kind of on the opposite end of the spectrum with
+以及为什么我看到你们有点处于光谱的另一端
+four correct correct what's that experience been like uh we had a it was
+四个 正确 正确 那段经历是怎样的 呃我们有过一次
+
+00:38
+00:38
+actually really helpful for us because we're based in New York and ycs
+实际上对我们很有帮助，因为我们的总部位于纽约和ycs
+obviously in California we kind of had this dilemma because we can't just move
+显然，在加利福尼亚州，我们遇到了这种困境，因为我们不能只是搬家
+the whole company there when we get into
+当我们进入时整个公司都在那里
+IC we have a factory we've got people so it was really helpful to kind of break
+IC，我们有一家工厂，我们有员工，所以这对打破僵局真的很有帮助
+up going to YC on different weeks so that we could focus on like building
+在不同的星期去YC，这样我们就可以专注于建设
+things here but also make sure that somebody was there like talking to
+这里的东西，但也要确保有人在那里，比如与人交谈
+partners getting advice building the company otherwise you know I think our
+合作伙伴寻求建设公司的建议，否则你知道我认为我们
+founding story kind of goes back to the fact that we've known each other for a
+创立故事可以追溯到我们相识很久的事实
+long time we founded a previous company together
+很长一段时间我们一起创立了以前的公司
+sold that company and the typical pitfalls that you would find with a
+出售该公司以及您会发现的典型陷阱
+four-person team we've been lucky to avoid usually with four people I'd
+我们很幸运能够避免四人团队，通常我会和四个人一起
+imagine you run into like serious issues of like who owns what or you know two
+想象一下你遇到了像谁拥有什么或者你认识两个这样的严重问题
+people might not get a longer that there could be so many different problems
+人们可能不会花更长的时间来了解可能存在这么多不同的问题
+
+00:39
+00:39
+because your your graph gets bigger we are used to working together so luckily
+因为你的图表变得更大，所以幸运的是我们习惯了一起工作
+we haven't had any any issues then Oliver maybe you can confer no i would
+我们没有任何问题那么奥利弗也许你可以商量不我会
+just agree with what max is saying i think it's important to sort of carve
+只是同意麦克斯的说法，我认为雕刻很重要
+out roles for everybody and making sure that people are getting input to the
+为每个人分配角色，并确保人们能够获得意见
+things that they're really bringing value to but at a certain point you know
+他们真正带来价值的事情，但在某个时刻你知道
+not everybody is involved with every decision day to day right on a large
+并非每个人都参与日常决策
+founding team I think that sometimes hurts feelings or rubs people the wrong
+创始团队 我认为有时会伤害感情或惹恼别人
+way but for us I think we've done a pretty good job of defining what
+方式，但对我们来说，我认为我们在定义什么方面做得很好
+everyone's role is on the team and making the hard decisions together but
+每个人的角色都是团队中的一员，共同做出艰难的决定，但是
+also making sure that you know we're not taking things personally when hey
+还要确保你知道我们不会把事情当成是针对你个人的，嘿
+somebody had a meeting and a decision was made
+有人开会并做出决定
+it's it's I think everybody buys into the idea that we're a team and we're
+我认为每个人都相信我们是一个团队，而且我们
+doing this together and everybody's got a part to play there even if it's not
+一起做这件事，每个人都有自己的一份工作，即使不是
+
+00:40
+00:40
+always exactly in the direction they want to go mm-hmm
+总是准确地朝着他们想去的方向嗯嗯
+just for folks that are listening to this inner maybe single founder is
+只适合那些正在倾听这位内心的人，也许是单身创始人
+wondering how to meet co-founders how how did you guys originally all meet we
+想知道如何认识联合创始人，你们最初是怎么认识我们的
+have a very funny story I would say no sorry go on
+有一个非常有趣的故事我会说不抱歉继续
+so voodoo has four founders three of us went to college together
+所以 Voodoo 有四个创始人 我们三个人一起上大学
+Oliver was actually that great above me and John who's one of our founders John
+奥利弗实际上比我和约翰更伟大，他是我们的创始人之一约翰
+and I actually kind of decided we wanted
+我实际上决定我们想要
+to start a company while we were juniors we had internships that summer that we
+在我们大三的时候创办一家公司，那年夏天我们进行了实习
+like didn't like so we dropped them starting a company Oliver had graduated
+喜欢不喜欢所以我们放弃了他们创办了一家公司奥利弗已经毕业
+already and had a job at teradata and we convinced him to quit his job and
+已经在 Teradata 工作了，我们说服他辞职了
+move back to Claremont which is where we went to school and live in a house with
+搬回克莱蒙特，那是我们上学的地方，住在一所房子里
+two people who were still in school so I I was doing training with teradata I'd
+两个人还在学校，所以我正在使用 teradata 进行训练
+
+00:41
+00:41
+been there I think for six weeks or something like that and I had to go quit
+我想在那里呆了六个星期或类似的事情，我不得不退出
+basically during a training program and so that was difficult and then and then
+基本上是在训练计划期间，所以这很困难，然后然后
+had to move basically across the street from the college I had just graduated is
+基本上不得不搬到我刚毕业的大学街对面
+a bit humbling at the time but clearly sitting here I think the right decision
+当时有点谦卑，但显然坐在这里我认为这是正确的决定
+well what was that pitch like because that that's another very common question
+那个音调是什么样的，因为这是另一个非常常见的问题
+like how do I convince someone to join my team that's that's a really good
+就像我如何说服某人加入我的团队，这真的很好
+question I'm interested in hearing Oliver's perspective beca