Update app-backup.py

app-backup.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from transformers import pipeline as hf_pipeline
 import re
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 1) ZeroGPU 환경 처리 + device, dtype 설정
+# 1) ZeroGPU Environment Setup + Device and Dtype Configuration
 ##############################################################################
 try:
     import zerogpu
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ dtype = torch.bfloat16 if device == "cuda" else torch.float32
 print(f"Using device: {device}, dtype: {dtype}")
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 2) 모델 로드: 번역 모델, DiffusionPipeline
+# 2) Load Models: Translation Model, Diffusion Pipeline
 ##############################################################################
 try:
     translator = hf_pipeline(
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ MAX_SEED = np.iinfo(np.int32).max
 MAX_IMAGE_SIZE = 2048
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 한국어 감지 함수
+# Korean detection and input text cleaning functions
 ##############################################################################
 def contains_korean(text):
     for char in text:
@@ -79,45 +79,39 @@ def contains_korean(text):
             return True
     return False
 
-##############################################################################
-# 입력 텍스트 클린징 함수: 한글, 영문, 숫자, 공백 및 일반적인 문장 부호만 허용
-##############################################################################
 def clean_input_text(text):
     """
-    한글, 영문, 숫자, 공백 및 . , ! ? - : ; ' " 등의 문장 부호만 남기고 제거합니다.
-    필요에 따라 허용할 문자를 조정할 수 있습니다.
+    Allows only Korean, English, numbers, whitespace and common punctuation marks.
+    Adjust allowed characters as needed.
     """
     allowed = re.compile(r'[^ㄱ-ㅎ가-힣a-zA-Z0-9\s\.\,\!\?\-\:\;\'\"]')
     cleaned_text = allowed.sub('', text)
     return cleaned_text
 
-##############################################################################
-# 입력 텍스트의 예상치 못한 문자 로그 함수 (디버깅용)
-##############################################################################
 def log_unexpected_characters(text):
     allowed = re.compile(r'[ㄱ-ㅎ가-힣a-zA-Z0-9\s\.\,\!\?\-\:\;\'\"]')
     unexpected_chars = [char for char in text if not allowed.match(char)]
     if unexpected_chars:
-        print("예상치 못한 문자 발견:", set(unexpected_chars))
+        print("Unexpected characters found:", set(unexpected_chars))
     else:
-        print("입력 텍스트에 예상치 못한 문자는 없습니다.")
+        print("No unexpected characters in the input text.")
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 이미지 생성 함수
+# Image Generation Function
 ##############################################################################
 def generate_design_image(prompt, seed=42, randomize_seed=True, width=1024, height=1024, num_inference_steps=4):
     original_prompt = prompt
     translated = False
     
-    # 입력 텍스트 클린징 적용
+    # Clean the input text
     prompt = clean_input_text(prompt)
     
-    # 사전 처리: 입력 텍스트가 너무 길면 미리 자르기 (예: 1000자 이상이면 1000자로 잘라냄)
+    # Pre-process: if input is too long, trim to 1000 characters
     if len(prompt) > 1000:
         prompt = prompt[:1000]
     
     if contains_korean(prompt):
-        # 번역 호출 시 max_length와 truncation 옵션을 추가하여 길이 초과 문제를 방지
+        # When calling translation, add max_length and truncation options to avoid length issues
         translation = translator(prompt, max_length=400, truncation=True)
         prompt = translation[0]['translation_text']
         translated = True
@@ -138,9 +132,8 @@ def generate_design_image(prompt, seed=42, randomize_seed=True, width=1024, heig
     
     return image
 
-
 ##############################################################################
-# 로깅 설정
+# Logging Setup
 ##############################################################################
 logging.basicConfig(
     level=logging.INFO,
@@ -153,13 +146,13 @@ logging.basicConfig(
 logger = logging.getLogger("idea_generator")
 
 ##############################################################################
-# Gemini API 키
+# Gemini API Key
 ##############################################################################
 GEMINI_API_KEY = os.getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY")
 genai.configure(api_key=GEMINI_API_KEY)
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 선택적 변형 선택 함수
+# Optional Transformation Choice Function
 ##############################################################################
 def choose_alternative(transformation):
     if "/" not in transformation:
@@ -183,8 +176,9 @@ def choose_alternative(transformation):
         return random.choice([left, right])
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 물리적 변화 카테고리 사전 (총 15개)
+# Transformation Categories Dictionaries
 ##############################################################################
+# Korean version
 physical_transformation_categories = {
     "센서 기능": [
         "시각 센서/감지", "청각 센서/감지", "촉각 센서/감지", "미각 센서/감지", "후각 센서/감지",
@@ -214,10 +208,7 @@ physical_transformation_categories = {
         "광택/윤기 변화", "색조/채도 변화", "발광/형광", "빛 산란 효과",
         "빛 흡수 변화", "반투명 효과", "그림자 효과 변화", "자외선 반응 변화",
         "야광 효과"
-    ],    
-
-
-
+    ],
     "물질의 상태 변화": [
         "고체/액체/기체 전환", "결정화/용해", "산화/부식", "딱딱해짐/부드러워짐",
         "특수 상태 전환", "무정형/결정형 전환", "성분 분리", "미세 입자 형성/분해",
@@ -226,7 +217,6 @@ physical_transformation_categories = {
         "건조/습윤", "팽윤/수축", "동결/해동", "풍화/침식", "충전/방전",
         "결합/분리", "발효/부패"
     ],
-
     "움직임 특성 변화": [
         "가속/감속", "일정 속도 유지", "진동/진동 감소", "부딪힘/튕김",
         "회전 속도 증가/감소", "회전 방향 변화", "불규칙 움직임", "멈췄다 미끄러지는 현상",
@@ -273,53 +263,138 @@ physical_transformation_categories = {
         "진동 패턴 변화", "타악 효과", "음향 피드백", "음향 차폐/증폭",
         "소리 지향성", "음향 왜곡", "비트 생성", "하모닉스 생성", "주파수 변조",
         "음향 충격파", "음향 필터링"
+    ]
+}
+
+# English version
+physical_transformation_categories_en = {
+    "Sensor Functions": [
+        "Visual sensor/detection", "Auditory sensor/detection", "Tactile sensor/detection", "Taste sensor/detection", "Olfactory sensor/detection",
+        "Temperature sensor/detection", "Humidity sensor/detection", "Pressure sensor/detection", "Acceleration sensor/detection", "Rotational sensor/detection",
+        "Proximity sensor/detection", "Position sensor/detection", "Motion sensor/detection", "Gas sensor/detection", "Infrared sensor/detection",
+        "Ultraviolet sensor/detection", "Radiation sensor/detection", "Magnetic sensor/detection", "Electric field sensor/detection", "Chemical sensor/detection",
+        "Biosignal sensor/detection", "Vibration sensor/detection", "Noise sensor/detection", "Light intensity sensor/detection", "Light wavelength sensor/detection",
+        "Tilt sensor/detection", "pH sensor/detection", "Current sensor/detection", "Voltage sensor/detection", "Image sensor/detection",
+        "Distance sensor/detection", "Depth sensor/detection", "Gravity sensor/detection", "Speed sensor/detection", "Flow sensor/detection",
+        "Water level sensor/detection", "Turbidity sensor/detection", "Salinity sensor/detection", "Metal detection", "Piezoelectric sensor/detection",
+        "Photovoltaic sensor/detection", "Thermocouple sensor/detection", "Hall effect sensor/detection", "Ultrasonic sensor/detection", "Radar sensor/detection",
+        "Lidar sensor/detection", "Touch sensor/detection", "Gesture sensor/detection", "Heart rate sensor/detection", "Blood pressure sensor/detection"
     ],
-    "열 관련 변화": [
-        "온도 상승/하강", "열에 의한 팽창/수축", "열 전달/차단", "압력 상승/하강",
-        "열 변화에 따른 자화", "무질서도 변화", "열전기 현상", "자기장에 의한 열 변화",
-        "상태변화 중 열 저장/방출", "열 스트레스 발생/해소", "급격한 온도 변화 영향",
-        "복사열에 의한 냉각/가열", "발열/흡열", "열 분포 변화", "열 반사/흡수",
-        "냉각 응축", "열 활성화", "열 변색", "열 팽창 계수 변화", "열 안정성 변화",
-        "내열성/내한성", "자기발열", "열적 평형/불균형", "열적 변형", "열 분산/집중"
+    "Size and Shape Change": [
+        "Volume increase/decrease", "Length increase/decrease", "Width increase/decrease", "Height increase/decrease",
+        "Density change", "Weight increase/decrease", "Shape deformation", "State change", "Uneven deformation",
+        "Complex shape deformation", "Twisting/entwining", "Non-uniform expansion/contraction", "Rounded/sharpened edges",
+        "Cracking/splitting", "Fragmentation", "Water resistance", "Dust resistance", "Denting/recovery",
+        "Folding/unfolding", "Compression/expansion", "Stretching/contraction", "Wrinkling/flattening", "Crushing/hardening",
+        "Rolling/unrolling", "Bending/curving"
     ],
-    "전기 및 자기 변화": [
-        "자성 생성/소멸", "전하량 증가/감소", "전기장 생성/소멸", "자기장 생성/소멸",
-        "초전도 상태 전환", "강유전체 특성 변화", "양자 상태 변화", "플라즈마 상태 형성/소멸",
-        "스핀파 전달", "빛에 의한 전기 발생", "압력에 의한 전기 발생", "자기장 속 전류 변화",
-        "전기 저항 변화", "전기 전도성 변화", "정전기 발생/방전", "전자기 유도",
-        "전자기파 방출/흡수", "전기 용량 변화", "자기 이력 현상", "전기적 분극",
-        "전자 흐름 방향 변화", "전기적 공명", "전기적 차폐/노출", "자기 차폐/노출",
-        "자기장 방향 정렬"
+    "Surface and Appearance Change": [
+        "Color change", "Texture change", "Transparency change", "Glossy/matte change",
+        "Light reflection variation", "Pattern change", "Angle-dependent color change", "Light-induced color change",
+        "Temperature-dependent color change", "Holographic effect", "Angle-specific light reflection", "Surface shape alteration",
+        "Nano-scale surface structure change", "Self-cleaning effect", "Stain/pattern formation", "Blurriness/clarity change",
+        "Luster/shine change", "Hue/saturation change", "Luminescence/fluorescence", "Light scattering effect",
+        "Light absorption change", "Translucency effect", "Shadow effect change", "UV response change",
+        "Glow effect"
     ],
-    "화학적 변화": [
-        "표면 코팅 변화", "물질 성분 변화", "화학 반응 변화", "촉매 작용 시작/중단",
-        "빛에 의한 화학 반응", "전기에 의한 화학 반응", "단분자막 형성", "분자 수준 계산 변화",
-        "자연 모방 표면 변화", "환경 반응형 물질 변화", "주기적 화학 반응", "산화", "환원",
-        "고분자화", "물 분해", "화합", "방사선 영향", "산-염기 반응", "중화 반응",
-        "이온화", "화학적 흡착/탈착", "촉매 효율 변화", "효소 활성 변화", "발색 반응",
-        "pH 변화", "화학적 평형 이동", "결합 형성/분해", "용해도 변화"
+    "Material State Change": [
+        "Solid/liquid/gas transition", "Crystallization/dissolution", "Oxidation/corrosion", "Hardening/softening",
+        "Special state transition", "Amorphous/crystalline transition", "Component separation", "Particle formation/disintegration",
+        "Gel formation/dissolution", "Metastable state change", "Molecular self-assembly/disintegration", "Delayed state change",
+        "Melting", "Solidification", "Evaporation/condensation", "Sublimation/deposition", "Precipitation/suspension", "Dispersion/aggregation",
+        "Drying/moistening", "Swelling/shrinkage", "Freezing/thawing", "Weathering/erosion", "Charging/discharging",
+        "Bonding/separation", "Fermentation/decay"
     ],
-
-    "생물학적 변화": [
-        "생장/위축", "세포 분열/사멸", "생물 발광", "신진대사 변화", "면역 반응",
-        "호르몬 분비", "신경 반응", "유전적 발현", "적응/진화", "생체리듬 변화",
-        "재생/치유", "노화/성숙", "생체 모방 변화", "바이오필름 형성", "생물학적 분해",
-        "효소 활성화/비활성화", "생물학적 신호 전달", "스트레스 반응", "체온 조절",
-        "생물학적 시계 변화", "세포외 기질 변화", "생체 역학적 반응", "세포 운동성",
-        "세포 극성 변화", "영양 상태 변화"
+    "Movement Characteristics Change": [
+        "Acceleration/deceleration", "Maintaining constant speed", "Vibration/vibration reduction", "Collision/bouncing",
+        "Increase/decrease in rotational speed", "Change in rotational direction", "Irregular movement", "Stop-and-slide phenomenon",
+        "Resonance/anti-resonance", "Resistance/lift change in fluid", "Change in movement resistance", "Complex vibrational movement",
+        "Movement in special fluid", "Rotational-translational movement", "Inertial stoppage", "Shock absorption",
+        "Shock transfer", "Conservation of momentum", "Friction change", "Overcoming inertia", "Unstable equilibrium",
+        "Dynamic stability", "Damping of oscillation", "Path predictability", "Evasive movement"
+    ],
+    "Structural Change": [
+        "Addition/removal of components", "Assembly/disassembly", "Folding/unfolding", "Deformation/recovery", "Optimal structural change",
+        "Self-rearrangement", "Natural pattern formation/disappearance", "Regular pattern change", "Modular transformation",
+        "Increased structural complexity", "Memory of original shape effect", "Shape change over time", "Partial removal",
+        "Partial replacement", "Bonding", "Separation", "Division/integration", "Overlaying", "Internal structure change",
+        "External structure change", "Shift of center axis", "Balance point change", "Hierarchical structure change", "Support structure change",
+        "Stress distribution structure", "Shock absorption structure", "Grid/matrix structure change", "Interconnectivity change"
+    ],
+    "Spatial Movement": [
+        "Forward/backward movement", "Left/right movement", "Up/down movement", "Vertical axis rotation (nodding)",
+        "Horizontal axis rotation (shaking head)", "Longitudinal axis rotation (tilting sideways)", "Circular motion", "Spiral movement",
+        "Slipping due to inertia", "Change of rotation axis", "Irregular rotation", "Shaking movement", "Parabolic motion",
+        "Zero-gravity floating", "Floating on water surface", "Jump/leap", "Sliding", "Rolling", "Free fall",
+        "Reciprocating motion", "Elastic bouncing", "Penetration", "Evasive movement", "Zigzag movement", "Swinging movement"
+    ],
+    "Time-Related Change": [
+        "Aging/weathering", "Wear/corrosion", "Fading/discoloration", "Damage/recovery", "Lifecycle change",
+        "Adaptation through user interaction", "Learning-based shape optimization", "Property change over time",
+        "Collective memory effect", "Cultural significance change", "Delayed response", "History-dependent change",
+        "Gradual time change", "Evolutionary change", "Periodic regeneration", "Seasonal adaptation",
+        "Circadian rhythm change", "Lifecycle stage", "Growth/decline", "Self-repair/regeneration",
+        "Natural cycle adaptation", "Persistence/transience", "Memory effect", "Delayed effect", "Cumulative effect"
+    ],
+    "Light and Visual Effects": [
+        "Illumination/shutdown", "Light transmission/blocking", "Light scattering/concentration", "Color spectrum change", "Light diffraction",
+        "Light interference", "Hologram creation", "Laser effect", "Light polarization", "Fluorescence/phosphorescence",
+        "UV/IR emission", "Optical illusion", "Light refraction", "Shadow creation/removal",
+        "Chromatic aberration", "Rainbow effect", "Glow effect", "Flash effect", "Lighting pattern",
+        "Beam effect", "Light filter effect", "Change in light direction", "Projection effect", "Light detection/response",
+        "Luminance change"
     ],
-    "환경 상호작용": [
-        "온도 반응", "습도 반응", "기압 반응", "중력 반응", "자기장 반응",
-        "빛 반응", "소리 반응", "화학 물질 감지", "기계적 자극 감지", "전기 자극 반응",
-        "방사선 반응", "진동 감지", "pH 반응", "용매 반응", "기체 교환",
-        "환경 오염 반응", "날씨 반응", "계절 변화 반응", "일주기 반응", "생태계 상호작용",
-        "공생/경쟁 반응", "포식/피식 관계", "군집 형성", "영역 설정", "이주/정착 패턴"
+    "Sound and Vibration Effects": [
+        "Sound generation/cessation", "Pitch change", "Volume change", "Timbre change",
+        "Resonance/antiresonance", "Acoustic vibration", "Ultrasonic/infrasonic emission", "Sound concentration/distribution",
+        "Sound reflection/absorption", "Acoustic Doppler effect", "Sound wave interference", "Acoustic resonance",
+        "Vibration pattern change", "Percussive effect", "Audio feedback", "Sound shielding/amplification",
+        "Directional sound", "Sound distortion", "Beat generation", "Harmonics generation", "Frequency modulation",
+        "Acoustic shockwave", "Sound filtering"
+    ],
+    "Thermal Changes": [
+        "Temperature rise/fall", "Thermal expansion/contraction", "Heat transfer/blocking", "Pressure increase/decrease",
+        "Magnetization due to heat change", "Entropy change", "Thermoelectric effect", "Magnetic-induced thermal change",
+        "Heat storage/release during phase change", "Thermal stress buildup/release", "Impact of rapid temperature change",
+        "Radiative cooling/heating", "Exothermic/endothermic", "Heat distribution change", "Heat reflection/absorption",
+        "Cooling condensation", "Thermal activation", "Thermal discoloration", "Coefficient of thermal expansion change", "Thermal stability change",
+        "Heat resistance/cold resistance", "Self-heating", "Thermal equilibrium/imbalance", "Thermal deformation", "Heat dispersion/concentration"
+    ],
+    "Electrical and Magnetic Changes": [
+        "Magnetism creation/cessation", "Charge increase/decrease", "Electric field creation/cessation", "Magnetic field creation/cessation",
+        "Superconducting transition", "Ferroelectric property change", "Quantum state change", "Plasma formation/cessation",
+        "Spin wave transmission", "Electricity generation by light", "Electricity generation by pressure", "Current change in magnetic field",
+        "Electrical resistance change", "Electrical conductivity change", "Static electricity generation/discharge", "Electromagnetic induction",
+        "Electromagnetic wave emission/absorption", "Capacitance change", "Magnetic hysteresis", "Electrical polarization",
+        "Electron flow direction change", "Electrical resonance", "Electrical shielding/exposure", "Magnetic shielding/exposure",
+        "Magnetic field alignment"
+    ],
+    "Chemical Change": [
+        "Surface coating change", "Material composition change", "Chemical reaction change", "Catalytic action start/stop",
+        "Light-induced chemical reaction", "Electricity-induced chemical reaction", "Monolayer formation", "Molecular-level structural change",
+        "Biomimetic surface change", "Environmentally responsive material change", "Periodic chemical reaction", "Oxidation", "Reduction",
+        "Polymerization", "Water splitting", "Compound formation", "Radiation effects", "Acid-base reaction", "Neutralization reaction",
+        "Ionization", "Chemical adsorption/desorption", "Catalytic efficiency change", "Enzyme activity change", "Colorimetric reaction",
+        "pH change", "Chemical equilibrium shift", "Bond formation/breakage", "Solubility change"
+    ],
+    "Biological Change": [
+        "Growth/shrinkage", "Cell division/death", "Bioluminescence", "Metabolic change", "Immune response",
+        "Hormone secretion", "Neural response", "Genetic expression", "Adaptation/evolution", "Circadian rhythm change",
+        "Regeneration/healing", "Aging/maturation", "Biomimetic change", "Biofilm formation", "Biological degradation",
+        "Enzyme activation/inactivation", "Biological signaling", "Stress response", "Thermoregulation", "Biological clock change",
+        "Extracellular matrix change", "Biomechanical response", "Cell motility", "Cell polarity change", "Nutritional status change"
+    ],
+    "Environmental Interaction": [
+        "Temperature response", "Humidity response", "Pressure response", "Gravity response", "Magnetic field response",
+        "Light response", "Sound response", "Chemical detection", "Mechanical stimulus detection", "Electrical stimulus response",
+        "Radiation response", "Vibration detection", "pH response", "Solvent response", "Gas exchange",
+        "Pollution response", "Weather response", "Seasonal response", "Circadian response", "Ecosystem interaction",
+        "Symbiotic/competitive interaction", "Predator/prey relationship", "Swarm formation", "Territorial behavior", "Migration/settlement pattern"
     ]
-
 }
 
 ##############################################################################
-# Gemini API 호출 함수
+# Gemini API Call Function (Language Independent)
 ##############################################################################
 def query_gemini_api(prompt):
     try:
@@ -349,7 +424,7 @@ def query_gemini_api(prompt):
         return f"An error occurred while calling the API: {str(e)}"
 
 ##############################################################################
-# 설명 확장 함수 (LLM 이용)
+# Description Expansion Functions (LLM) - Korean and English Versions
 ##############################################################################
 def enhance_with_llm(base_description, obj_name, category):
     prompt = f"""
@@ -362,101 +437,129 @@ def enhance_with_llm(base_description, obj_name, category):
 """
     return query_gemini_api(prompt)
 
+def enhance_with_llm_en(base_description, obj_name, category):
+    prompt = f"""
+Below is a brief description related to '{category}' for '{obj_name}':
+"{base_description}"
+Please expand the above content into a more detailed explanation, focusing on:
+1) Creative transformation of the model/concept/shape,
+2) Innovative aspects and functionality,
+in 3-4 sentences.
+"""
+    return query_gemini_api(prompt)
+
 ##############################################################################
-# 각 객체수(1, 2, 3)에 따른 변형 아이디어 생성
+# Transformation Idea Generation Functions for Both Languages
 ##############################################################################
-def generate_single_object_transformation_for_category(obj, selected_category):
-    transformations = physical_transformation_categories.get(selected_category)
+def generate_single_object_transformation_for_category_lang(obj, selected_category, categories_dict, lang="ko"):
+    transformations = categories_dict.get(selected_category)
     if not transformations:
         return {}
     transformation = choose_alternative(random.choice(transformations))
-    base_description = f"{obj}이(가) {transformation} 현상을 보인다"
+    if lang == "ko":
+        base_description = f"{obj}이(가) {transformation} 현상을 보인다"
+    else:
+        base_description = f"{obj} exhibits {transformation}"
     return {selected_category: {"base": base_description, "enhanced": None}}
 
-def generate_two_objects_interaction_for_category(obj1, obj2, selected_category):
-    transformations = physical_transformation_categories.get(selected_category)
+def generate_two_objects_interaction_for_category_lang(obj1, obj2, selected_category, categories_dict, lang="ko"):
+    transformations = categories_dict.get(selected_category)
     if not transformations:
         return {}
     transformation = choose_alternative(random.choice(transformations))
-    template = random.choice([
-        "{obj1}이(가) {obj2}에 결합하여 {change}가 발생했다",
-        "{obj1}과(와) {obj2}이(가) 충돌하면서 {change}가 일어났다"
-    ])
+    if lang == "ko":
+        template = random.choice([
+            "{obj1}이(가) {obj2}에 결합하여 {change}가 발생했다",
+            "{obj1}과(와) {obj2}이(가) 충돌하면서 {change}가 일어났다"
+        ])
+    else:
+        template = random.choice([
+            "{obj1} combined with {obj2} resulted in {change}",
+            "A collision between {obj1} and {obj2} led to {change}"
+        ])
     base_description = template.format(obj1=obj1, obj2=obj2, change=transformation)
     return {selected_category: {"base": base_description, "enhanced": None}}
 
-def generate_three_objects_interaction_for_category(obj1, obj2, obj3, selected_category):
-    transformations = physical_transformation_categories.get(selected_category)
+def generate_three_objects_interaction_for_category_lang(obj1, obj2, obj3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang="ko"):
+    transformations = categories_dict.get(selected_category)
     if not transformations:
         return {}
     transformation = choose_alternative(random.choice(transformations))
-    template = random.choice([
-        "{obj1}, {obj2}, {obj3}이(가) 삼각형 구조로 결합하여 {change}가 발생했다",
-        "{obj1}이(가) {obj2}와(과) {obj3} 사이에서 매개체 역할을 하며 {change}를 촉진했다"
-    ])
+    if lang == "ko":
+        template = random.choice([
+            "{obj1}, {obj2}, {obj3}이(가) 삼각형 구조로 결합하여 {change}가 발생했다",
+            "{obj1}이(가) {obj2}와(과) {obj3} 사이에서 매개체 역할을 하며 {change}를 촉진했다"
+        ])
+    else:
+        template = random.choice([
+            "{obj1}, {obj2}, and {obj3} formed a triangular structure resulting in {change}",
+            "{obj1} acted as an intermediary between {obj2} and {obj3}, facilitating {change}"
+        ])
     base_description = template.format(obj1=obj1, obj2=obj2, obj3=obj3, change=transformation)
     return {selected_category: {"base": base_description, "enhanced": None}}
 
-##############################################################################
-# 생성된 기본 설명을 LLM을 통해 확장 (각 카테고리별)
-##############################################################################
-def enhance_descriptions(results, objects):
-    obj_name = " 및 ".join([obj for obj in objects if obj])
+def enhance_descriptions_lang(results, objects, lang="ko"):
+    obj_name = " 및 ".join([obj for obj in objects if obj]) if lang=="ko" else " and ".join([obj for obj in objects if obj])
     for category, result in results.items():
-        result["enhanced"] = enhance_with_llm(result["base"], obj_name, category)
+        if lang == "ko":
+            result["enhanced"] = enhance_with_llm(result["base"], obj_name, category)
+        else:
+            result["enhanced"] = enhance_with_llm_en(result["base"], obj_name, category)
     return results
 
-##############################################################################
-# 사용자 입력(최대 3개 키워드) + 선택 카테고리 → 변화 아이디어 생성
-##############################################################################
-def generate_transformations(text1, text2, text3, selected_category):
+def generate_transformations_lang(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang="ko"):
     if text2 and text3:
-        results = generate_three_objects_interaction_for_category(text1, text2, text3, selected_category)
+        results = generate_three_objects_interaction_for_category_lang(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang)
         objects = [text1, text2, text3]
     elif text2:
-        results = generate_two_objects_interaction_for_category(text1, text2, selected_category)
+        results = generate_two_objects_interaction_for_category_lang(text1, text2, selected_category, categories_dict, lang)
         objects = [text1, text2]
     else:
-        results = generate_single_object_transformation_for_category(text1, selected_category)
+        results = generate_single_object_transformation_for_category_lang(text1, selected_category, categories_dict, lang)
         objects = [text1]
-    return enhance_descriptions(results, objects)
+    return enhance_descriptions_lang(results, objects, lang)
 
-##############################################################################
-# 결과 포맷팅
-##############################################################################
-def format_results(results):
+def format_results_lang(results, lang="ko"):
     formatted = ""
-    for category, result in results.items():
-        formatted += f"## {category}\n**기본 아이디어**: {result['base']}\n\n**확장된 아이디어**: {result['enhanced']}\n\n---\n\n"
+    if lang == "ko":
+        for category, result in results.items():
+            formatted += f"## {category}\n**기본 아이디어**: {result['base']}\n\n**확장된 아이디어**: {result['enhanced']}\n\n---\n\n"
+    else:
+        for category, result in results.items():
+            formatted += f"## {category}\n**Base Idea**: {result['base']}\n\n**Expanded Idea**: {result['enhanced']}\n\n---\n\n"
     return formatted
 
-##############################################################################
-# Gradio UI에서 호출될 함수 (텍스트 아이디어만 생성)
-##############################################################################
-def process_inputs(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, progress=gr.Progress()):
+def process_inputs_lang(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang="ko", progress=gr.Progress()):
     text1 = text1.strip() if text1 else None
     text2 = text2.strip() if text2 else None
     text3 = text3.strip() if text3 else None
     
     if not text1:
-        return "오류: 최소 하나의 키워드를 입력해주세요."
+        return "오류: 최소 하나의 키워드를 입력해주세요." if lang=="ko" else "Error: Please enter at least one keyword."
     
-    progress(0.05, desc="아이디어 생성 준비 중...")
-    time.sleep(0.3)
-    progress(0.1, desc="창의적인 아이디어 생성 시작...")
+    if lang == "ko":
+        progress(0.05, desc="아이디어 생성 준비 중...")
+        time.sleep(0.3)
+        progress(0.1, desc="창의적인 아이디어 생성 시작...")
+    else:
+        progress(0.05, desc="Preparing idea generation...")
+        time.sleep(0.3)
+        progress(0.1, desc="Generating creative idea...")
     
-    results = generate_transformations(text1, text2, text3, selected_category)
+    results = generate_transformations_lang(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang)
     
-    progress(0.8, desc="결과 포맷팅 중...")
-    formatted = format_results(results)
-    progress(1.0, desc="완료!")
+    if lang == "ko":
+        progress(0.8, desc="결과 포맷팅 중...")
+        formatted = format_results_lang(results, lang)
+        progress(1.0, desc="완료!")
+    else:
+        progress(0.8, desc="Formatting results...")
+        formatted = format_results_lang(results, lang)
+        progress(1.0, desc="Done!")
     return formatted
 
-##############################################################################
-# 아이디어와 이미지를 함께 생성하는 최종 함수
-##############################################################################
-def process_all(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, progress=gr.Progress()):
-    idea_result = process_inputs(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, progress)
+def process_all_lang(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang="ko", progress=gr.Progress()):
+    idea_result = process_inputs_lang(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, categories_dict, lang, progress)
     image_result = generate_design_image(
         idea_result, 
         seed=42, 
@@ -468,18 +571,19 @@ def process_all(text1, text2, text3, selected_category, progress=gr.Progress()):
     return idea_result, image_result
 
 ##############################################################################
-# API 키 경고 메시지
+# Warning Message Function for API Key (Language Specific)
 ##############################################################################
-def get_warning_message():
+def get_warning_message_lang(lang="ko"):
     if not GEMINI_API_KEY:
-        return "⚠️ 환경 변수 GEMINI_API_KEY가 설정되지 않았습니다. Gemini API 키를 설정하세요."
+        return "⚠️ 환경 변수 GEMINI_API_KEY가 설정되지 않았습니다. Gemini API 키를 설정하세요." if lang=="ko" else "⚠️ The GEMINI_API_KEY environment variable is not set. Please set your Gemini API key."
     return ""
 
+
 ##############################################################################
-# Gradio UI
+# Gradio UI with Two Tabs: English (Main Home) and Korean
 ##############################################################################
 with gr.Blocks(
-    title="키워드 기반 창의적 변화 아이디어 및 디자인 생성기",
+    title="Idea Transformer",
     theme=gr.themes.Soft(primary_hue="teal", secondary_hue="slate", neutral_hue="neutral")
 ) as demo:
     
@@ -521,73 +625,144 @@ with gr.Blocks(
     </style>
     """)
     
-    gr.Markdown("# 🚀 아이디어 트랜스포머")
-    gr.Markdown("입력한 **키워드**(최대 3개)와 **카테고리**를 바탕으로, 창의적인 모델/컨셉/형상 변화 아이디어를 생성하고, 해당 확장 아이디어를 프롬프트로 하여 디자인 이미지를 생성합니다.")
-    
-    warning = gr.Markdown(get_warning_message())
-    
-    with gr.Row():
-        with gr.Column(scale=1):
-            text_input1 = gr.Textbox(label="키워드 1 (필수)", placeholder="예: 스마트폰")
-            text_input2 = gr.Textbox(label="키워드 2 (선택)", placeholder="예: 인공지능")
-            text_input3 = gr.Textbox(label="키워드 3 (선택)", placeholder="예: 헬스케어")
-            category_radio = gr.Radio(
-                label="카테고리 선택",
-                choices=list(physical_transformation_categories.keys()),
-                value=list(physical_transformation_categories.keys())[0],
-                info="출력할 카테고리를 선택하세요."
+    with gr.Tabs():
+        with gr.Tab(label="English"):
+            gr.Markdown("# 🚀 Idea Transformer")
+            gr.Markdown("Based on up to **three keywords** and a **selected category**, this tool generates a creative transformation idea and a design image using the expanded idea as a prompt.")
+            
+            warning_en = gr.Markdown(get_warning_message_lang("en"))
+            
+            with gr.Row():
+                with gr.Column(scale=1):
+                    text_input1_en = gr.Textbox(label="Keyword 1 (required)", placeholder="e.g., Smartphone")
+                    text_input2_en = gr.Textbox(label="Keyword 2 (optional)", placeholder="e.g., Artificial Intelligence")
+                    text_input3_en = gr.Textbox(label="Keyword 3 (optional)", placeholder="e.g., Healthcare")
+                    category_radio_en = gr.Radio(
+                        label="Select Category",
+                        choices=list(physical_transformation_categories_en.keys()),
+                        value=list(physical_transformation_categories_en.keys())[0],
+                        info="Select a category."
+                    )
+                    status_msg_en = gr.Markdown("💡 Click the 'Generate Idea' button to create an idea and design image based on the selected category.")
+                    
+                    processing_indicator_en = gr.HTML("""
+                    <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin: 10px 0;">
+                        <div style="border: 5px solid #f3f3f3; border-top: 5px solid #3498db; border-radius: 50%; width: 30px; height: 30px; animation: spin 2s linear infinite;"></div>
+                        <p style="margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #3498db;">Processing...</p>
+                    </div>
+                    <style>
+                    @keyframes spin {
+                        0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
+                        100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+                    }
+                    </style>
+                    """, visible=False)
+                    
+                    submit_button_en = gr.Button("Generate Idea", variant="primary")
+                
+                with gr.Column(scale=2):
+                    idea_output_en = gr.Markdown(label="Idea Output")
+                    generated_image_en = gr.Image(label="Generated Design Image", type="pil")
+            
+            gr.Examples(
+                examples=[
+                    ["Smartphone", "", "", "Sensor Functions"],
+                    ["Car", "", "", "Size and Shape Change"],
+                    ["Car", "Artificial Intelligence", "", "Surface and Appearance Change"],
+                    ["Drone", "Artificial Intelligence", "", "Material State Change"],
+                    ["Sneakers", "Wearable", "Health", "Structural Change"],
+                ],
+                inputs=[text_input1_en, text_input2_en, text_input3_en, category_radio_en],
             )
-            status_msg = gr.Markdown("💡 '아이디어 생성하기' 버튼을 클릭하면 선택한 카테고리에 해당하는 아이디어와 디자인 이미지가 생성됩니다.")
             
-            processing_indicator = gr.HTML("""
-            <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin: 10px 0;">
-                <div style="border: 5px solid #f3f3f3; border-top: 5px solid #3498db; border-radius: 50%; width: 30px; height: 30px; animation: spin 2s linear infinite;"></div>
-                <p style="margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #3498db;">처리 중입니다...</p>
-            </div>
-            <style>
-            @keyframes spin {
-                0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
-                100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
-            }
-            </style>
-            """, visible=False)
+            def show_processing_indicator_en():
+                return gr.update(visible=True)
+            
+            def hide_processing_indicator_en():
+                return gr.update(visible=False)
             
-            submit_button = gr.Button("아이디어 생성하기", variant="primary")
+            submit_button_en.click(
+                fn=show_processing_indicator_en,
+                inputs=None,
+                outputs=processing_indicator_en
+            ).then(
+                fn=process_all_lang,
+                inputs=[text_input1_en, text_input2_en, text_input3_en, category_radio_en, gr.State(physical_transformation_categories_en), gr.State("en")],
+                outputs=[idea_output_en, generated_image_en]
+            ).then(
+                fn=hide_processing_indicator_en,
+                inputs=None,
+                outputs=processing_indicator_en
+            )
         
-        with gr.Column(scale=2):
-            idea_output = gr.Markdown(label="아이디어 결과")
-            generated_image = gr.Image(label="생성된 디자인 이미지", type="pil")
-    
-    gr.Examples(
-        examples=[
-            ["스마트폰", "", "", "센서 기능"],
-            ["자동차", "", "", "크기와 형태 변화"],
-            ["자동차", "인공지능", "", "표면 및 외관 변화"],
-            ["드론", "인공지능", "", "물질의 상태 변화"],
-            ["운동화", "웨어러블", "건강", "구조적 변화"],
-        ],
-        inputs=[text_input1, text_input2, text_input3, category_radio],
-    )
-    
-    def show_processing_indicator():
-        return gr.update(visible=True)
-    
-    def hide_processing_indicator():
-        return gr.update(visible=False)
-    
-    submit_button.click(
-        fn=show_processing_indicator,
-        inputs=None,
-        outputs=processing_indicator
-    ).then(
-        fn=process_all,
-        inputs=[text_input1, text_input2, text_input3, category_radio],
-        outputs=[idea_output, generated_image]
-    ).then(
-        fn=hide_processing_indicator,
-        inputs=None,
-        outputs=processing_indicator
-    )
+        with gr.Tab(label="한국어"):
+            gr.Markdown("# 🚀 아이디어 트랜스포머")
+            gr.Markdown("입력한 **키워드**(최대 3개)와 **카테고리**를 바탕으로, 창의적인 모델/컨셉/형상 변화 아이디어를 생성하고, 해당 확장 아이디어를 프롬프트로 하여 디자인 이미지를 생성합니다.")
+            
+            warning_ko = gr.Markdown(get_warning_message_lang("ko"))
+            
+            with gr.Row():
+                with gr.Column(scale=1):
+                    text_input1_ko = gr.Textbox(label="키워드 1 (필수)", placeholder="예: 스마트폰")
+                    text_input2_ko = gr.Textbox(label="키워드 2 (선택)", placeholder="예: 인공지능")
+                    text_input3_ko = gr.Textbox(label="키워드 3 (선택)", placeholder="예: 헬스케어")
+                    category_radio_ko = gr.Radio(
+                        label="카테고리 선택",
+                        choices=list(physical_transformation_categories.keys()),
+                        value=list(physical_transformation_categories.keys())[0],
+                        info="출력할 카테고리를 선택하세요."
+                    )
+                    status_msg_ko = gr.Markdown("💡 '아이디어 생성하기' 버튼을 클릭하면 선택한 카테고리에 해당하는 아이디어와 디자인 이미지가 생성됩니다.")
+                    
+                    processing_indicator_ko = gr.HTML("""
+                    <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin: 10px 0;">
+                        <div style="border: 5px solid #f3f3f3; border-top: 5px solid #3498db; border-radius: 50%; width: 30px; height: 30px; animation: spin 2s linear infinite;"></div>
+                        <p style="margin-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; color: #3498db;">처리 중입니다...</p>
+                    </div>
+                    <style>
+                    @keyframes spin {
+                        0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
+                        100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+                    }
+                    </style>
+                    """, visible=False)
+                    
+                    submit_button_ko = gr.Button("아이디어 생성하기", variant="primary")
+                
+                with gr.Column(scale=2):
+                    idea_output_ko = gr.Markdown(label="아이디어 결과")
+                    generated_image_ko = gr.Image(label="생성된 디자인 이미지", type="pil")
+            
+            gr.Examples(
+                examples=[
+                    ["스마트폰", "", "", "센서 기능"],
+                    ["자동차", "", "", "크기와 형태 변화"],
+                    ["자동차", "인공지능", "", "표면 및 외관 변화"],
+                    ["드론", "인공지능", "", "물질의 상태 변화"],
+                    ["운동화", "웨어러블", "건강", "구조적 변화"],
+                ],
+                inputs=[text_input1_ko, text_input2_ko, text_input3_ko, category_radio_ko],
+            )
+            
+            def show_processing_indicator_ko():
+                return gr.update(visible=True)
+            
+            def hide_processing_indicator_ko():
+                return gr.update(visible=False)
+            
+            submit_button_ko.click(
+                fn=show_processing_indicator_ko,
+                inputs=None,
+                outputs=processing_indicator_ko
+            ).then(
+                fn=process_all_lang,
+                inputs=[text_input1_ko, text_input2_ko, text_input3_ko, category_radio_ko, gr.State(physical_transformation_categories), gr.State("ko")],
+                outputs=[idea_output_ko, generated_image_ko]
+            ).then(
+                fn=hide_processing_indicator_ko,
+                inputs=None,
+                outputs=processing_indicator_ko
+            )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     demo.launch(debug=True)