app.py

import datetime
import json
import logging
import os
from itertools import repeat

import ee
import gradio as gr
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import plotly.graph_objects as go
import yaml

from utils import duckdb_queries as dq
from utils.gradio import get_window_url_params

# Logging
logging.basicConfig(format="%(levelname)s:%(message)s", level=logging.INFO)

# Define constants
DATE = "2020-01-01"
YEAR = 2020
LOCATION = [-74.653370, 5.845328]
ROI_RADIUS = 20000
GEE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT = (
    "climatebase-july-2023@ee-geospatialml-aquarry.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
)
INDICES_FILE = "indices.yaml"
START_YEAR = 2015
END_YEAR = 2022


class IndexGenerator:
    """
    A class to generate indices and compute zonal means.

        Args:
            centroid (tuple): The centroid coordinates (latitude, longitude) of the region of interest.
            year (int): The year for which indices are generated.
            roi_radius (int, optional): The radius (in meters) for creating a buffer around the centroid as the region of interest. Defaults to 20000.
            project_name (str, optional): The name of the project. Defaults to "".
            map (geemap.Map, optional): Map object for mapping. Defaults to None (i.e. no map created)
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        centroid,
        roi_radius,
        indices_file,
        project_name="",
        map=None,
    ):
        # Authenticate to GEE & DuckDB
        self._authenticate_ee(GEE_SERVICE_ACCOUNT)

        # Set instance variables
        self.indices = self._load_indices(indices_file)
        self.centroid = centroid
        self.roi = ee.Geometry.Point(*centroid).buffer(roi_radius)
        # self.project_name = project_name
        self.map = map
        if self.map is not None:
            self.show = True
        else:
            self.show = False

    def _cloudfree(self, gee_path, daterange):
        """
        Internal method to generate a cloud-free composite.

        Args:
            gee_path (str): The path to the Google Earth Engine (GEE) image or image collection.

        Returns:
            ee.Image: The cloud-free composite clipped to the region of interest.
        """
        # Load a raw Landsat ImageCollection for a single year.
        collection = (
            ee.ImageCollection(gee_path).filterDate(*daterange).filterBounds(self.roi)
        )

        # Create a cloud-free composite with custom parameters for cloud score threshold and percentile.
        composite_cloudfree = ee.Algorithms.Landsat.simpleComposite(
            **{"collection": collection, "percentile": 75, "cloudScoreRange": 5}
        )
        return composite_cloudfree.clip(self.roi)

    def _load_indices(self, indices_file):
        # Read index configurations
        with open(indices_file, "r") as stream:
            try:
                return yaml.safe_load(stream)
            except yaml.YAMLError as e:
                logging.error(e)
                return None

    def show_map(self, map=None):
        if map is not None:
            self.map = map
            self.show = True

    def disable_map(self):
        self.show = False

    def generate_index(self, index_config, year):
        """
        Generates an index based on the provided index configuration.

        Args:
            index_config (dict): Configuration for generating the index.

        Returns:
            ee.Image: The generated index clipped to the region of interest.
        """

        # Calculate date range, assume 1 year
        start_date = str(datetime.date(year, 1, 1))
        end_date = str(datetime.date(year, 12, 31))
        daterange = [start_date, end_date]

        # Calculate index based on type
        match index_config["gee_type"]:
            case "image":
                dataset = ee.Image(index_config["gee_path"]).clip(self.roi)
                if index_config.get("select"):
                    dataset = dataset.select(index_config["select"])
            case "image_collection":
                dataset = (
                    ee.ImageCollection(index_config["gee_path"])
                    .filterBounds(self.roi)
                    .map(lambda image: image.clip(self.roi))
                    .mean()
                )
                if index_config.get("select"):
                    dataset = dataset.select(index_config["select"])
            case "feature_collection":
                dataset = (
                    ee.Image()
                    .float()
                    .paint(
                        ee.FeatureCollection(index_config["gee_path"]),
                        index_config["select"],
                    )
                    .clip(self.roi)
                )
            case "algebraic":
                image = self._cloudfree(index_config["gee_path"], daterange)
                # to-do: params should come from index_config
                dataset = image.normalizedDifference(["B4", "B3"])
            case _:
                dataset = None

        if not dataset:
            raise Exception("Failed to generate dataset.")

        # Whether to display on GEE map
        if self.show and index_config.get("show"):
            map.addLayer(dataset, index_config["viz"], index_config["name"])

        logging.info(f"Generated index: {index_config['name']}")
        return dataset

    def zonal_mean_index(self, index_key, year):
        index_config = self.indices[index_key]
        dataset = self.generate_index(index_config, year)
        # zm = self._zonal_mean(single, index_config.get('bandname') or 'constant')
        out = dataset.reduceRegion(
            **{
                "reducer": ee.Reducer.mean(),
                "geometry": self.roi,
                "scale": 200,  # map scale
            }
        ).getInfo()
        if index_config.get("bandname"):
            return out[index_config.get("bandname")]
        return out

    def generate_composite_index_df(self, year, indices=[]):
        data = {
            "metric": indices,
            "year": year,
            "centroid": str(self.centroid),
            "project_name": self.project_name,
            "value": list(map(self.zonal_mean_index, indices, repeat(year))),
            "area": self.roi.area().getInfo(),  # m^2
            "geojson": str(self.roi.getInfo()),
            # to-do: coefficient
        }

        logging.info("data", data)
        df = pd.DataFrame(data)
        return df

    @staticmethod
    def _authenticate_ee(ee_service_account):
        """
        Huggingface Spaces does not support secret files, therefore authenticate with an environment variable containing the JSON.
        """
        logging.info("Authenticating to Google Earth Engine...")
        credentials = ee.ServiceAccountCredentials(
            ee_service_account, key_data=os.environ["ee_service_account"]
        )
        ee.Initialize(credentials)
        logging.info("Authenticated to Google Earth Engine.")

    def _create_dataframe(self, years, project_name):
        dfs = []
        logging.info(years)
        indices = self._load_indices(INDICES_FILE)
        for year in years:
            logging.info(year)
            indexgenerator.project_name = project_name
            df = indexgenerator.generate_composite_index_df(year, list(indices.keys()))
            dfs.append(df)
        return pd.concat(dfs)

    # h/t: https://community.plotly.com/t/dynamic-zoom-for-mapbox/32658/12
    def _latlon_to_config(self, longitudes=None, latitudes=None):
        """Function documentation:\n
        Basic framework adopted from Krichardson under the following thread:
        https://community.plotly.com/t/dynamic-zoom-for-mapbox/32658/7

        # NOTE:
        # THIS IS A TEMPORARY SOLUTION UNTIL THE DASH TEAM IMPLEMENTS DYNAMIC ZOOM
        # in their plotly-functions associated with mapbox, such as go.Densitymapbox() etc.

        Returns the appropriate zoom-level for these plotly-mapbox-graphics along with
        the center coordinate tuple of all provided coordinate tuples.
        """

        # Check whether both latitudes and longitudes have been passed,
        # or if the list lenghts don't match
        if (latitudes is None or longitudes is None) or (
            len(latitudes) != len(longitudes)
        ):
            # Otherwise, return the default values of 0 zoom and the coordinate origin as center point
            return 0, (0, 0)

        # Get the boundary-box
        b_box = {}
        b_box["height"] = latitudes.max() - latitudes.min()
        b_box["width"] = longitudes.max() - longitudes.min()
        b_box["center"] = (np.mean(longitudes), np.mean(latitudes))

        # get the area of the bounding box in order to calculate a zoom-level
        area = b_box["height"] * b_box["width"]

        # * 1D-linear interpolation with numpy:
        # - Pass the area as the only x-value and not as a list, in order to return a scalar as well
        # - The x-points "xp" should be in parts in comparable order of magnitude of the given area
        # - The zpom-levels are adapted to the areas, i.e. start with the smallest area possible of 0
        # which leads to the highest possible zoom value 20, and so forth decreasing with increasing areas
        # as these variables are antiproportional
        zoom = np.interp(
            x=area,
            xp=[0, 5**-10, 4**-10, 3**-10, 2**-10, 1**-10, 1**-5],
            fp=[20, 15, 14, 13, 12, 7, 5],
        )

        # Finally, return the zoom level and the associated boundary-box center coordinates
        return zoom, b_box["center"]

    def show_project_map(self, project_name):
        prepared_statement = dq.get_project_geometry(project_name)
        features = json.loads(prepared_statement[0][0].replace("'", '"'))["features"]
        geometry = features[0]["geometry"]
        longitudes = np.array(geometry["coordinates"])[0, :, 0]
        latitudes = np.array(geometry["coordinates"])[0, :, 1]
        zoom, bbox_center = self._latlon_to_config(longitudes, latitudes)
        fig = go.Figure(
            go.Scattermapbox(
                mode="markers",
                lon=[bbox_center[0]],
                lat=[bbox_center[1]],
                marker={"size": 20, "color": ["cyan"]},
            )
        )

        fig.update_layout(
            mapbox={
                "style": "stamen-terrain",
                "center": {"lon": bbox_center[0], "lat": bbox_center[1]},
                "zoom": zoom,
                "layers": [
                    {
                        "source": {
                            "type": "FeatureCollection",
                            "features": [{"type": "Feature", "geometry": geometry}],
                        },
                        "type": "fill",
                        "below": "traces",
                        "color": "royalblue",
                    }
                ],
            },
            margin={"l": 0, "r": 0, "b": 0, "t": 0},
        )

        return fig

    def calculate_biodiversity_score(self, start_year, end_year, project_name):
        years = []
        for year in range(start_year, end_year):
            row_exists = dq.check_if_project_exists_for_year(project_name, year)
            if not row_exists:
                years.append(year)

        if len(years) > 0:
            df = self._create_dataframe(years, project_name)

            # Write score table to `_temptable`
            dq.write_score_to_temptable()

            # Create `bioindicator` table IF NOT EXISTS.
            dq.get_or_create_bioindicator_table()

            # UPSERT project record
            dq.upsert_project_record()
            logging.info("upserted records into motherduck")
        scores = dq.get_project_scores(project_name, start_year, end_year)
        return scores


# Instantiate outside gradio app to avoid re-initializing GEE, which is slow
indexgenerator = IndexGenerator(
    centroid=LOCATION,
    roi_radius=ROI_RADIUS,
    indices_file=INDICES_FILE,
)

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    print("start gradio app")

    with gr.Column():
        m1 = gr.Plot()
        with gr.Row():
            project_name = gr.Dropdown([], label="Project", value="Select project")
            start_year = gr.Number(value=2017, label="Start Year", precision=0)
            end_year = gr.Number(value=2022, label="End Year", precision=0)
        with gr.Row():
            view_btn = gr.Button(value="Show project map")
            calc_btn = gr.Button(value="Calculate!")
            # save_btn = gr.Button(value="Save")
        results_df = gr.Dataframe(
            headers=["Year", "Project Name", "Score"],
            datatype=["number", "str", "number"],
            label="Biodiversity scores by year",
        )
    calc_btn.click(
        indexgenerator.calculate_biodiversity_score,
        inputs=[start_year, end_year, project_name],
        outputs=results_df,
    )
    view_btn.click(
        fn=indexgenerator.show_project_map,
        inputs=[project_name],
        outputs=[m1],
    )

    def update_project_dropdown_list(url_params):
        username = url_params.get("username", "default")
        projects = dq.list_projects_by_author(author_id=username)
        # to-do: filter projects based on user
        return gr.Dropdown.update(choices=projects["name"].tolist())

    # Get url params
    url_params = gr.JSON({"username": "default"}, visible=False, label="URL Params")

    # Gradio has a bug
    # For dropdown to update by demo.load, dropdown value must be called downstream
    b1 = gr.Button("Hidden button that fixes bug.", visible=False)
    b1.click(lambda x: x, inputs=project_name, outputs=[])

    # Update project dropdown list on page load
    demo.load(
        fn=update_project_dropdown_list,
        inputs=[url_params],
        outputs=[project_name],
        _js=get_window_url_params,
        queue=False,
    )

demo.launch()