pitch_summary_functions.py

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import json
from  matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter
from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator
import math
from matplotlib.patches import Ellipse
import matplotlib.transforms as transforms
import matplotlib.colors
import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import requests

font_properties = {'family': 'calibi', 'size': 12}
font_properties_titles = {'family': 'calibi', 'size': 20}
font_properties_axes = {'family': 'calibi', 'size': 16}
     

colour_palette = ['#FFB000','#648FFF','#785EF0',
                  '#DC267F','#FE6100','#3D1EB2','#894D80','#16AA02','#B5592B','#A3C1ED']
season_start = '2024-03-20'
season_end = '2024-09-29'
season_fg=2024 
chad_fg = requests.get(f'https://www.fangraphs.com/api/leaders/major-league/data?age=&pos=all&stats=pit&lg=all&qual=0&season={season_fg}&season={season_fg}&month=1000&season1={season_fg}&ind=0&pageitems=2000000000&pagenum=1&ind=0&rost=0&players=&type=36&postseason=&sortdir=default&sortstat=sp_pitching').json()
cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',])


chadwick_df_small = pd.DataFrame(data={
'key_mlbam':[x['xMLBAMID'] for x in chad_fg['data']],
'key_fangraphs':[x['playerid'] for x in chad_fg['data']],
'Name':[x['PlayerName'] for x in chad_fg['data']],
})    

pitcher_dicts = chadwick_df_small.set_index('key_mlbam')['Name'].sort_values().to_dict()
mlb_fg_dicts = chadwick_df_small.set_index('key_mlbam')['key_fangraphs'].sort_values().to_dict()
        
        
### DF UPDATE CODE ###
def df_update_code(df):
        print('Starting')
        #df = pd.read_csv('2024_spring_data.csv',index_col=[0])
        print('Starting')


        df['vy_f'] = -(df['vy0']**2 - (2 * df['ay'] * (df['y0'] - 17/12)))**0.5
        df['t'] = (df['vy_f'] - df['vy0']) / df['ay']
        df['vz_f'] = (df['vz0']) + (df['az'] * df['t'])
        df['vaa'] = -np.arctan(df['vz_f'] / df['vy_f']) * (180 / np.pi)

        #df['vy_f'] = -(df['vy0']**2 - (2 * df['ay'] * (df['y0'] - 17/12)))**0.5
        #df['t'] = (df['vy_f'] - df['vy0']) / df['ay']
        df['vx_f'] = (df['vx0']) + (df['ax'] * df['t'])
        df['haa'] = -np.arctan(df['vx_f'] / df['vy_f']) * (180 / np.pi)



        end_codes = ['strikeout', 'field_out', 'single', 'walk', 'hit_by_pitch',
            'double', 'sac_fly', 'force_out', 'home_run',
            'grounded_into_double_play', 'fielders_choice', 'field_error',
            'triple', 'sac_bunt', 'double_play', 'intent_walk',
            'fielders_choice_out', 'strikeout_double_play',
            'sac_fly_double_play', 'catcher_interf', 'other_out']



        df['pa'] = df.event_type.isin(end_codes)
        #df['pa'] = 1
        df['k'] = df.event_type.isin(list(filter(None, [x if 'strikeout' in x else '' for x in df.event_type.fillna('None').unique()])))
        df['bb'] = df.event_type.isin(list(filter(None, [x if 'walk' in x else '' for x in df.event_type.fillna('None').unique()])))
        df['k_minus_bb'] = df['k'].astype(np.float32)-df['bb'].astype(np.float32)

        df = df.drop_duplicates(subset=['play_id'])
        df = df.dropna(subset=['start_speed'])



        swing_codes = ['Swinging Strike', 'In play, no out', 
                'Foul', 'In play, out(s)', 
            'In play, run(s)', 'Swinging Strike (Blocked)',
            'Foul Bunt','Foul Tip', 'Missed Bunt','Foul Pitchout','Swinging Pitchout']

        swings_in = ['Swinging Strike', 'In play, no out', 
                'Foul', 'In play, out(s)', 
            'In play, run(s)', 'Swinging Strike (Blocked)',
            'Foul Bunt','Foul Tip', 'Missed Bunt','Foul Pitchout','Swinging Pitchout']       

        swing_strike_codes = ['Swinging Strike',
        'Swinging Strike (Blocked)','Missed Bunt','Foul Tip','Swinging Pitchout']


        contact_codes = ['In play, no out', 
                'Foul', 'In play, out(s)', 
            'In play, run(s)', 
            'Foul Bunt']

        codes_in = ['In play, out(s)',
        'Swinging Strike',
        'Ball',
        'Foul',
        'In play, no out',
        'Called Strike',
        'Foul Tip',
        'In play, run(s)',
        'Hit By Pitch',
        'Ball In Dirt',
        'Pitchout',
        'Swinging Strike (Blocked)',
        'Foul Bunt',
        'Missed Bunt',
        'Foul Pitchout',
        'Intent Ball',
        'Swinging Pitchout']

        df['in_zone'] = df['zone'] < 10


        df = df.drop_duplicates(subset=['play_id'])



        df_codes = df[df.play_description.isin(codes_in)].dropna(subset=['in_zone'])

        df_codes['bip'] = ~df_codes.launch_speed.isna()
        conditions = [
            (df_codes['launch_speed'].isna()),
            (df_codes['launch_speed']*1.5 - df_codes['launch_angle'] >= 117 ) & (df_codes['launch_speed'] + df_codes['launch_angle'] >= 124) & (df_codes['launch_speed'] > 98) & (df_codes['launch_angle'] >= 8) & (df_codes['launch_angle'] <= 50)
        ]

        choices = [False,True]
        df_codes['barrel'] = np.select(conditions, choices, default=np.nan)

        conditions_ss = [
            (df_codes['launch_angle'].isna()),
            (df_codes['launch_angle'] >= 8 ) * (df_codes['launch_angle'] <= 32 ) 
        ]

        choices_ss = [False,True]
        df_codes['sweet_spot'] = np.select(conditions_ss, choices_ss, default=np.nan)
        conditions_hh = [
            (df_codes['launch_speed'].isna()),
            (df_codes['launch_speed'] >= 94.5 ) 
        ]

        choices_hh = [False,True]
        df_codes['hard_hit'] = np.select(conditions_hh, choices_hh, default=np.nan)


        conditions_tb = [
            (df_codes['event_type']=='single'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='double'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='triple'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='home_run'),
        ]

        choices_tb = [1,2,3,4]

        df_codes['tb'] = np.select(conditions_tb, choices_tb, default=np.nan)

        conditions_woba = [
            (df_codes['event_type']=='walk'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='hit_by_pitch'),    
            (df_codes['event_type']=='single'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='double'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='triple'),
            (df_codes['event_type']=='home_run'),
        ]

        choices_woba = [0.705,
                        0.688,
                        0.897,
                        1.233,
                        1.612,
                        2.013]

        df_codes['woba'] = np.select(conditions_woba, choices_woba, default=np.nan)


        woba_codes = ['strikeout', 'field_out', 'single', 'walk', 'hit_by_pitch',
            'double', 'sac_fly', 'force_out', 'home_run',
            'grounded_into_double_play', 'fielders_choice', 'field_error',
            'triple', 'sac_bunt', 'double_play',
            'fielders_choice_out', 'strikeout_double_play',
            'sac_fly_double_play', 'other_out']





        conditions_woba_code = [
            (df_codes['event_type'].isin(woba_codes))
        ]

        choices_woba_code = [1]

        df_codes['woba_codes'] = np.select(conditions_woba_code, choices_woba_code, default=np.nan)


        #df_codes['barrel']  = (df_codes.launch_speed >= 98) & (df_codes.launch_angle >= (26 - (-98 + df_codes.launch_speed))) & (df_codes.launch_angle <= 30 + (-98 + df_codes.launch_speed)) & (df_codes.launch_angle >= 8) & (df_codes.launch_angle <= 50)



        #df_codes['barrel']  = (df_codes.launch_speed >= 98) & (df_codes.launch_angle >= (26 - (-98 + df_codes.launch_speed))) & (df_codes.launch_angle <= 30 + (-98 + df_codes.launch_speed)) & (df_codes.launch_angle >= 8) & (df_codes.launch_angle <= 50)
        df_codes['pitches'] = 1
        df_codes['whiffs'] = [1 if ((x == 'S')|(x == 'W')|(x =='T')) else 0 for x in df_codes.play_code]
        df_codes['csw'] = [1 if ((x == 'S')|(x == 'W')|(x =='T')|(x == 'C')) else 0 for x in df_codes.play_code]
        df_codes['swings'] = [1 if x in swings_in else 0 for x in df_codes.play_description]

        df_codes['out_zone'] = df_codes.in_zone == False
        df_codes['zone_swing'] = (df_codes.in_zone == True)&(df_codes.swings == 1)
        df_codes['zone_contact'] = (df_codes.in_zone == True)&(df_codes.swings == 1)&(df_codes.whiffs == 0)
        df_codes['ozone_swing'] = (df_codes.in_zone==False)&(df_codes.swings == 1)
        df_codes['ozone_contact'] = (df_codes.in_zone==False)&(df_codes.swings == 1)&(df_codes.whiffs == 0)

        return df_codes

### GET COLOURS##
def get_color(value,normalize,cmap_sum):
    color = cmap_sum(normalize(value))
    return mcolors.to_hex(color)

### PERCENTILE ###
def percentile(n):
    def percentile_(x):
        return x.quantile(n)
    percentile_.__name__ = 'percentile_{:02.0f}'.format(n*100)
    return percentile_

### TJ STUFF+ DF CLEAN ###
def df_clean(df):
    df_copy = df.copy()

    df_copy = df_copy[(df_copy['spin_rate']>0)&(df_copy['extension']>0)]
    
    df_copy.loc[df_copy['pitcher_hand'] == 'L','hb'] *= -1
    df_copy.loc[df_copy['pitcher_hand'] == 'L','x0'] *= -1
    df_copy.loc[df_copy['pitcher_hand'] == 'L','spin_direction'] = 360 - df_copy.loc[df_copy['pitcher_hand'] == 'L','spin_direction']

    df_copy['pitch_l'] = [1 if x == 'L' else 0 for x in df_copy['pitcher_hand']]
    df_copy['bat_l'] = [1 if x == 'L' else 0 for x in df_copy['batter_hand']]
    #df_copy = df_copy[~df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["EP", "PO", "KN", "CS", "SC", "FA"])].reset_index(drop=True)
    #df_copy = df_copy[~df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["EP", "PO", "CS", "SC", "FA"])].reset_index(drop=True)

    df_copy['pitch_type'] = df_copy['pitch_type'].replace({'FT':'SI',
                                                           #'KC':'CU',
                                                           'SV':'SL',
                                                           'FO':'FS'})

    df_copy_fb_sum = df_copy[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"])].groupby(['pitcher_id']).agg(
        fb_velo = ('start_speed','mean'),
        fb_max_ivb  = ('ivb',percentile(0.9)),
        fb_max_x  = ('hb',percentile(0.9)),
        fb_min_x  = ('hb',percentile(0.1)),
        fb_max_velo  = ('start_speed',percentile(0.9)),
        fb_axis  = ('spin_direction','mean'),
    )

    df_copy = df_copy.merge(df_copy_fb_sum,left_on='pitcher_id',right_index=True,how='left')

    df_copy['fb_velo_diff'] = df_copy['start_speed']- df_copy['fb_velo']
    df_copy['fb_max_ivb_diff'] = df_copy['ivb']- df_copy['fb_max_ivb']
    df_copy['fb_max_hb_diff'] = -abs(df_copy['hb']- df_copy['fb_max_x'])
    df_copy['fb_min_hb_diff'] = df_copy['hb']- df_copy['fb_min_x']
    df_copy['fb_max_velo_diff'] = df_copy['start_speed']- df_copy['fb_max_velo']
    df_copy['fb_axis_diff'] = df_copy['spin_direction']- df_copy['fb_axis']

    # df_copy.loc[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"]),'fb_velo_diff'] = 0
    # df_copy.loc[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"]),'fb_max_ivb_diff'] = 0
    # df_copy.loc[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"]),'fb_max_hb_diff'] = 0
    # df_copy.loc[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"]),'fb_min_hb_diff'] = 0
    # df_copy.loc[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"]),'fb_max_velo_diff'] = 0
    # df_copy.loc[df_copy.pitch_type.isin(["FF", "FC", "SI"]),'fb_axis_diff'] = 0


    df_copy['max_speed'] = df_copy.groupby(['pitcher_id'])['start_speed'].transform('max')
    df_copy['max_speed_diff'] = df_copy['start_speed'] - df_copy['max_speed']

    df_copy['max_ivb'] = df_copy.groupby(['pitcher_id'])['ivb'].transform('max')
    df_copy['max_ivb_diff'] = df_copy['ivb'] - df_copy['max_ivb']

    df_copy['vy_f'] = -(df_copy['vy0']**2 - (2 * df_copy['ay'] * (df_copy['y0'] - 17/12)))**0.5
    df_copy['t'] = (df_copy['vy_f'] - df_copy['vy0']) / df_copy['ay']
    df_copy['vz_f'] = (df_copy['vz0']) + (df_copy['az'] * df_copy['t'])
    df_copy['vaa'] = -np.arctan(df_copy['vz_f'] / df_copy['vy_f']) * (180 / np.pi)

    #df_copy['vy_f'] = -(df_copy['vy0']**2 - (2 * df_copy['ay'] * (df_copy['y0'] - 17/12)))**0.5
    #df_copy['t'] = (df_copy['vy_f'] - df_copy['vy0']) / df_copy['ay']
    df_copy['vx_f'] = (df_copy['vx0']) + (df_copy['ax'] * df_copy['t'])
    df_copy['haa'] = -np.arctan(df_copy['vx_f'] / df_copy['vy_f']) * (180 / np.pi)

    # df_copy['x_diff'] = df_copy['x0'] - df_copy['px']
    # df_copy['z_diff'] = df_copy['z0'] - df_copy['pz']

    # df_copy['vaa'] = np.arctan(df_copy['z_diff'] / df_copy['release_pos_y']) * 360 / np.pi
    # df_copy['haa'] = np.arctan(-df_copy['x_diff'] / df_copy['release_pos_y']) * 360 / np.pi

    df_copy = df_copy.dropna(subset=['pitch_type'])#.fillna(0)
    return df_copy

### PITCH COLOURS ###
pitch_colours = {
        'Four-Seam Fastball':'#FF007D',#BC136F
        'Fastball':'#FF007D',
        'Sinker':'#98165D',#DC267F
        'Cutter':'#BE5FA0',

        'Changeup':'#F79E70',#F75233
        'Splitter':'#FE6100',#F75233
        'Screwball':'#F08223',
        'Forkball':'#FFB000',
        
        'Slider':'#67E18D',#1BB999#785EF0
        'Sweeper':'#1BB999',#37CD85#904039
        'Slurve':'#376748',#785EF0#549C07#BEABD8

        'Knuckle Curve':'#311D8B',  
        'Curveball':'#3025CE',
        'Slow Curve':'#274BFC',
        'Eephus':'#648FFF',

        'Knuckle Ball':'#867A08',

        'Pitch Out':'#472C30',
        'Other':'#9C8975',
        }

### PITCH ELLIPSE ###
def confidence_ellipse(x, y, ax, n_std=3.0, facecolor='none', **kwargs):
    """
    Create a plot of the covariance confidence ellipse of *x* and *y*.

    Parameters
    ----------
    x, y : array-like, shape (n, )
        Input data.

    ax : matplotlib.axes.Axes
        The axes object to draw the ellipse into.

    n_std : float
        The number of standard deviations to determine the ellipse's radiuses.

    **kwargs
        Forwarded to `~matplotlib.patches.Ellipse`

    Returns
    -------
    matplotlib.patches.Ellipse
    """
    
    if x.size != y.size:
        raise ValueError("x and y must be the same size")
    try:
        cov = np.cov(x, y)
        pearson = cov[0, 1]/np.sqrt(cov[0, 0] * cov[1, 1])
        # Using a special case to obtain the eigenvalues of this
        # two-dimensional dataset.
        ell_radius_x = np.sqrt(1 + pearson)
        ell_radius_y = np.sqrt(1 - pearson)
        ellipse = Ellipse((0, 0), width=ell_radius_x * 2, height=ell_radius_y * 2,
                        facecolor=facecolor,linewidth=2,linestyle='--', **kwargs)
        

        # Calculating the standard deviation of x from
        # the squareroot of the variance and multiplying
        # with the given number of standard deviations.
        scale_x = np.sqrt(cov[0, 0]) * n_std
        mean_x = np.mean(x)
        

        # calculating the standard deviation of y ...
        scale_y = np.sqrt(cov[1, 1]) * n_std
        mean_y = np.mean(y)
        

        transf = transforms.Affine2D() \
            .rotate_deg(45) \
            .scale(scale_x, scale_y) \
            .translate(mean_x, mean_y)
        
        

        ellipse.set_transform(transf + ax.transData)
    except ValueError:
         return    
        
    return ax.add_patch(ellipse)

# DEFINE STRIKE ZONE
strike_zone = pd.DataFrame({
'PlateLocSide': [-0.9, -0.9, 0.9, 0.9, -0.9],
'PlateLocHeight': [1.5, 3.5, 3.5, 1.5, 1.5]
})

### STRIKE ZONE ###
def draw_line(axis,alpha_spot=1,catcher_p = True):

    axis.plot(strike_zone['PlateLocSide'], strike_zone['PlateLocHeight'], color='black', linewidth=1.3,zorder=3,alpha=alpha_spot,)

    # ax.plot([-0.2833333, -0.2833333], [1.6, 3.5], color='black', linestyle='dashed',alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=3)
    # ax.plot([0.2833333, 0.2833333], [1.6, 3.5], color='black', linestyle='dashed',alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=3)
    # ax.plot([-0.85, 0.85], [2.2, 2.2], color='black', linestyle='dashed',alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=3)
    # ax.plot([-0.85, 0.85], [2.9, 2.9], color='black', linestyle='dashed',alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=3)
    if catcher_p:
    # Add dashed line
    # Add home plate
        axis.plot([-0.708, 0.708], [0.15, 0.15], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([-0.708, -0.708], [0.15, 0.3], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([-0.708, 0], [0.3, 0.5], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([0, 0.708], [0.5, 0.3], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([0.708, 0.708], [0.3, 0.15], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
    else:
        axis.plot([-0.708, 0.708], [0.4, 0.4], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([-0.708, -0.9], [0.4, -0.1], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([-0.9, 0], [-0.1, -0.35], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([0, 0.9], [-.35, -0.1], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)
        axis.plot([0.9, 0.708], [-0.1,0.4], color='black', linewidth=1,alpha=alpha_spot,zorder=1)



### FANGRAPHS STATS DICT ###
fangraphs_stats_dict = {'IP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{IP}$','format':'.1f',} ,
 'TBF':{'table_header':'$\\bf{PA}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'AVG':{'table_header':'$\\bf{AVG}$','format':'.3f',} ,
 'K/9':{'table_header':'$\\bf{K\/9}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'BB/9':{'table_header':'$\\bf{BB\/9}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'K/BB':{'table_header':'$\\bf{K\/BB}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'HR/9':{'table_header':'$\\bf{HR\/9}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'K%':{'table_header':'$\\bf{K\%}$','format':'.1%',} ,
 'BB%':{'table_header':'$\\bf{BB\%}$','format':'.1%',} ,
 'K-BB%':{'table_header':'$\\bf{K-BB\%}$','format':'.1%',} ,
 'WHIP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{WHIP}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'BABIP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{BABIP}$','format':'.3f',} ,
 'LOB%':{'table_header':'$\\bf{LOB\%}$','format':'.1%',} ,
 'xFIP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{xFIP}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'FIP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{FIP}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'H':{'table_header':'$\\bf{H}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 '2B':{'table_header':'$\\bf{2B}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 '3B':{'table_header':'$\\bf{3B}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'R':{'table_header':'$\\bf{R}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'ER':{'table_header':'$\\bf{ER}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'HR':{'table_header':'$\\bf{HR}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'BB':{'table_header':'$\\bf{BB}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'IBB':{'table_header':'$\\bf{IBB}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'HBP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{HBP}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'SO':{'table_header':'$\\bf{SO}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'OBP':{'table_header':'$\\bf{OBP}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'SLG':{'table_header':'$\\bf{SLG}$','format':'.0f',} ,
 'ERA':{'table_header':'$\\bf{ERA}$','format':'.2f',} ,
 'wOBA':{'table_header':'$\\bf{wOBA}$','format':'.3f',} ,
 'G':{'table_header':'$\\bf{G}$','format':'.0f',} }


    ## Fangraphs Table

### FANGRAPHS SPLITS SCRAPE ###
split_dict = {'all':[],
                'left':['5'],
                'right':['6']
                }

def fangraphs_scrape(pitcher_id=808967,
                    split='all',
                    start_date='2024-03-20',
                    end_date='2024-09-29'):


        url = "https://www.fangraphs.com/api/leaders/splits/splits-leaders"

        payload = {
            "strPlayerId": str(mlb_fg_dicts[pitcher_id]),
            "strSplitArr": split_dict[split],
            "strGroup": "season",
            "strPosition": "P",
            "strType": "2",
            "strStartDate": str(pd.to_datetime(start_date).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),
            "strEndDate": str(pd.to_datetime(end_date).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),
            "strSplitTeams": False,
            "dctFilters": [],
            "strStatType": "player",
            "strAutoPt": False,
            "arrPlayerId": [],
            "strSplitArrPitch": [],
            "arrWxTemperature": None,
            "arrWxPressure": None,
            "arrWxAirDensity": None,
            "arrWxElevation": None,
            "arrWxWindSpeed": None
        }
        json_payload = json.dumps(payload)
        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        response = requests.post(url, data=json_payload, headers=headers)
        data_pull = response.json()['data'][0]

        payload_advanced = {
            "strPlayerId": str(mlb_fg_dicts[pitcher_id]),
            "strSplitArr": split_dict[split],
            "strGroup": "season",
            "strPosition": "P",
            "strType": "1",
            "strStartDate": str(pd.to_datetime(start_date).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),
            "strEndDate": str(pd.to_datetime(end_date).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')),
            "strSplitTeams": False,
            "dctFilters": [],
            "strStatType": "player",
            "strAutoPt": False,
            "arrPlayerId": [],
            "strSplitArrPitch": [],
            "arrWxTemperature": None,
            "arrWxPressure": None,
            "arrWxAirDensity": None,
            "arrWxElevation": None,
            "arrWxWindSpeed": None
        }

        json_payload_advanced = json.dumps(payload_advanced)
        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
        response_advanced = requests.post(url, data=json_payload_advanced, headers=headers)
        data_pull_advanced = response_advanced.json()['data'][0]

        data_pull.update(data_pull_advanced)
            
        return data_pull


### FANGRAPHS TABLE PLOT ###
def fangraphs_table(data,
                    stats,
                    ax):
        
        
        fg_values = [data[x] if x in data else '---' for x in stats]
        df_fg = pd.DataFrame(data=dict(zip(stats,fg_values)),index=[0])

        df_fg.loc[0] = [format(df_fg[x][0],fangraphs_stats_dict[x]['format']) if df_fg[x][0] != '---' else '---' for x in df_fg]
        table_fg = ax.table(cellText=df_fg.values, colLabels=df_fg.columns, cellLoc='center',
                        bbox=[0.04, 0.2, 0.92, 0.8])
        
        min_font_size = 20
        table_fg.set_fontsize(min_font_size)


        new_column_names = [fangraphs_stats_dict[x]['table_header'] if x in data else '---' for x in stats]
        # #new_column_names = ['Pitch Name', 'Pitch%', 'Velocity', 'Spin Rate','Exit Velocity', 'Whiff%', 'CSW%']
        for i, col_name in enumerate(new_column_names):
            table_fg.get_celld()[(0, i)].get_text().set_text(col_name)

        ax.axis('off')


        return table_fg

### VELOCITY KDES ###
def velocity_kdes(df,
                  ax,
                  gs,
                  gs_list,
                  fig):

        sorted_value_counts = df['pitch_type'].value_counts().sort_values(ascending=False)

        # Get the list of items ordered from most to least frequent
        items_in_order = sorted_value_counts.index.tolist()
    
        # Create the inner subplot inside the outer subplot
        import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
        ax.axis ('off')
        #ax.set_ylabel('Pitch Velocity Distribution', fontdict=font_properties_axes)
        ax.set_title('Pitch Velocity Distribution', fontdict={'family': 'calibi', 'size': 20})

        inner_grid_1 = gridspec.GridSpecFromSubplotSpec(len(items_in_order),1, subplot_spec=gs[2,gs_list])
        ax_top = []
        for inner in inner_grid_1:
            ax_top.append(fig.add_subplot(inner))


        ax_number = 0

        for i in items_in_order[0:]:
            if np.unique(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['start_speed']).size == 1:  # Check if all values are the same
                print('just')
                ax_top[ax_number].plot([np.unique(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['start_speed']),np.unique(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['start_speed'])],[0,1], linewidth=4,
                                color=pitch_colours[df[df['pitch_type']==i]['pitch_description'].values[0]],zorder=20)
                #    ax_top[ax_number].plot(np.unique(df_melt[df_melt['Player']==i]['value']), [0.5]*len(np.unique(df_melt[df_melt['Player']==i]['value'])), linewidth=4)
            else:
                sns.kdeplot(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['start_speed'],ax=ax_top[ax_number],fill=True,
                            clip=(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['start_speed'].min(),df[df['pitch_type']==i]['start_speed'].max()),
                            color=pitch_colours[df[df['pitch_type']==i]['pitch_description'].values[0]])
            ax_top[ax_number].set_xlim(math.floor(df['start_speed'].min()/5)*5,math.ceil(df['start_speed'].max()/5)*5)
            ax_top[ax_number].set_xlabel('')
            ax_top[ax_number].set_ylabel('')
            if ax_number < len(items_in_order)-1:
                ax_top[ax_number].spines['top'].set_visible(False)
                ax_top[ax_number].spines['right'].set_visible(False)
                ax_top[ax_number].spines['left'].set_visible(False)
                ax_top[ax_number].tick_params(axis='x', colors='none')


            ax_top[ax_number].set_xticks(range(math.floor(df['start_speed'].min()/5)*5,math.ceil(df['start_speed'].max()/5)*5,5))
            ax_top[ax_number].set_yticks([])
            ax_top[ax_number].grid(axis='x', linestyle='--')
            ax_top[ax_number].text(-0.01, 0.5, i, transform=ax_top[ax_number].transAxes,
                        fontsize=14, va='center', ha='right')
            ax_number =   ax_number + 1
        ax_top[-1].spines['top'].set_visible(False)
        ax_top[-1].spines['right'].set_visible(False)
        ax_top[-1].spines['left'].set_visible(False)


        ax_top[-1].set_xticks(list(range(math.floor(df['start_speed'].min()/5)*5,math.ceil(df['start_speed'].max()/5)*5,5)))
        ax_top[-1].set_xlabel('Velocity (mph)')

### TJ STUFF+ ROLLING ###
def tj_stuff_roling(df,
                    window,
                    ax):
        ## Velocity Plot
        sorted_value_counts = df['pitch_type'].value_counts().sort_values(ascending=False)

        # Get the list of items ordered from most to least frequent
        items_in_order = sorted_value_counts.index.tolist()
        

        for i in items_in_order:
            if max(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['pitch_type_count_each']) >= window:
                sns.lineplot(x=range(1,max(df[df['pitch_type']==i]['pitch_type_count_each'])+1),
                        y=df[df['pitch_type']==i]['tj_stuff_plus'].rolling(window).sum()/window,
                    color=pitch_colours[df[df['pitch_type']==i]['pitch_description'].values[0]],
                    ax=ax,linewidth=3)

        # Adjust x-axis limits to start from 1
        ax.set_xlim(window,max(df['pitch_type_count_each']))
        ax.set_ylim(70,130)
        #ax.get_legend().remove()
        ax.set_xlabel('Pitches', fontdict=font_properties_axes)
        ax.set_ylabel('tjStuff+', fontdict=font_properties_axes)
        ax.set_title(f"{window} Pitch Rolling tjStuff+",fontdict=font_properties_titles)
        # ax.axis('square')
        # ax.set_xlim(left=1)
        ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(integer=True))

### BREAK PLOT ###
def break_plot(df,
               ax): 

        label_labels = df.sort_values(by=['prop','pitch_type'],ascending=[False,True]).pitch_description.unique()   
        j = 0
        for label in label_labels:
                subset = df[df['pitch_description'] == label]
                print(label)
                if len(subset) > 4:
                    if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'R':
                        subset['hb'] = subset['hb']*1
                    if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'L':
                        subset['hb'] = subset['hb']*1
                    subset['ivb'] = subset['ivb']*1
                    
                    try:
                        confidence_ellipse(subset['hb'], subset['ivb'], ax=ax,edgecolor =  pitch_colours[label],n_std=2,facecolor=  pitch_colours[label],alpha=0.2)
                    except ValueError:
                        return
                    j=j+1
                else:
                    j=j+1  
                
        if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'R':
            sns.scatterplot(ax=ax,x=df.hb*1,y=df.ivb*1,hue=df.pitch_description,palette=pitch_colours,ec='black',alpha=1,zorder=2)
        if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'L':
            sns.scatterplot(ax=ax,x=df.hb*1,y=df.ivb*1,hue=df.pitch_description,palette=pitch_colours,ec='black',alpha=1,zorder=2)

        ax.set_xlim((-25,25))
        ax.set_ylim((-25,25))

        ax.hlines(y=0,xmin=-50,xmax=50,color=colour_palette[8],alpha=0.5,linestyles='--',zorder=1)
        ax.vlines(x=0,ymin=-50,ymax=50,color=colour_palette[8],alpha=0.5,linestyles='--',zorder=1)
        ax.set_xlabel('Horizontal Break (in)', fontdict=font_properties_axes)
        ax.set_ylabel('Induced Vertical Break (in)', fontdict=font_properties_axes)
        ax.set_title("Pitch Breaks",fontdict=font_properties_titles)


        ax.get_legend().remove()


        # ax1.set_xticklabels(ax1.get_xticks(), fontdict=font_properties)
        ax.set_xticklabels(ax.get_xticks(), fontdict=font_properties)

        # ax1.set_yticklabels(ax1.get_yticks(), fontdict=font_properties)
        ax.set_yticklabels(ax.get_yticks(), fontdict=font_properties)



        #ax1.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')
        if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'R':
            ax.text(-24.5,-24.5,s='← Glove Side',fontstyle='italic',ha='left',va='bottom',
                    bbox=dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='black'),fontsize=12,zorder=3)
            ax.text(24.5,-24.5,s='Arm Side →',fontstyle='italic',ha='right',va='bottom',
                        bbox=dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='black'),fontsize=12,zorder=3)
            #ax.invert_xaxis()
        if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'L':
            ax.invert_xaxis()    
            ax.text(24.5,-24.5,s='← Arm Side',fontstyle='italic',ha='left',va='bottom',
                    bbox=dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='black'),fontsize=12,zorder=3)
            ax.text(-24.5,-24.5,s='Glove Side →',fontstyle='italic',ha='right',va='bottom',
                        bbox=dict(facecolor='white', edgecolor='black'),fontsize=12,zorder=3)
        ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')
        #ax1.yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
        ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))
        ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: int(x)))

### TABLE SUMMARY ###
def table_summary(df,
                  pitcher_id,
                  ax,
                  df_group,
                  df_group_all,
                  statcast_pitch_summary):
        cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',])

        ax.axis('off')
        df_group['spin_direction_adj'] = [(x + 180) for x in df_group['spin_direction']]
        #(((df_group.groupby('pitch_description').mean()[['spin_direction_adj']] %360 % 30 / 30 /100 *60).round(2) *10).round(0)//1.5/4 )
        clock_time = ((df_group.groupby('pitch_description').mean()['spin_direction_adj']) %360 // 30 )+  (((df_group.groupby('pitch_description').mean()['spin_direction_adj'] %360 % 30 / 30 /100 *60).round(2) *10).round(0)//1.5/4 )
   #     print('Clocks')
   #     print(clock_time)
        clock_time = (clock_time.astype(int) + clock_time%1*60/100).round(2).astype(str).str.replace('.',':').str.replace(':0',':00').str.replace(':3',':30').str.replace('0:','12:').str.replace('112:','10:').to_frame()
        df_group = df_group.merge(right=clock_time,left_on='pitch_description',right_index=True,suffixes=['','_clock'])


        plot_table = df_group[df_group['pitcher_id']==pitcher_id].sort_values(
            by=['pitches'],ascending=False)[['pitch_description','pitches','start_speed','ivb',
                    'hb', 'spin_rate','vaa', 'haa', 'vertical_release','horizontal_release',
                    'extension','tj_stuff_plus','spin_direction_adj_clock','zone_percent','chase_percent','whiff_rate','xwobacon']]

        # if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'L':
        #     plot_table['hb'] = plot_table['hb']*-1

        #if df['pitcher_hand'].values[0] == 'R':
        plot_table['horizontal_release'] = plot_table['horizontal_release']*-1

        plot_table['pitch_percent'] = plot_table['pitches'] / plot_table['pitches'].sum()

        plot_table = plot_table[['pitch_description','pitches','pitch_percent','start_speed','ivb',
                    'hb', 'spin_rate','vaa', 'haa', 'vertical_release','horizontal_release', 
                    'extension','spin_direction_adj_clock','tj_stuff_plus','zone_percent','chase_percent','whiff_rate','xwobacon']]

        plot_table_all = pd.DataFrame(data={'pitch_description': 'All',
        'pitches': plot_table['pitches'].sum(),
        'pitch_percent': 1.0,
        'start_speed': '—',
        'ivb': '—',
        'hb': '—',
        'spin_rate': '—',
        'vaa': '—',
        'haa': '—',
        'vertical_release': '—',
        'horizontal_release': '—',
        'extension': df['extension'].mean(),
        'spin_direction_adj_clock': '—',
        'tj_stuff_plus': df[df['pitcher_id']==pitcher_id]['tj_stuff_plus'].mean(),
        'zone_percent': df_group_all[df_group_all['pitcher_id']==pitcher_id]['zone_percent'].values[0],
        'chase_percent': df_group_all[df_group_all['pitcher_id']==pitcher_id]['chase_percent'].values[0],
        'whiff_rate': df_group_all[df_group_all['pitcher_id']==pitcher_id]['whiff_rate'].values[0],
        'xwobacon': df_group_all[df_group_all['pitcher_id']==pitcher_id]['xwobacon'].values[0],
        
        
        },index=[0]
        )
        print('LOOK HERE')
        print(plot_table)
        plot_table = pd.concat([plot_table,plot_table_all]).fillna('—')



        plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'Calibri'
        
        table = ax.table(cellText=plot_table.values, colLabels=plot_table.columns, cellLoc='center',
                        colWidths=[2.3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1], bbox=[0.04, 0, 0.92, 0.8])

        min_font_size = 14
        # Set table properties
        table.auto_set_font_size(False)
        #table.set_fontsize(min(min_font_size,max(min_font_size/((len(label_labels)/4)),10)))
        table.set_fontsize(min_font_size)
        table.scale(1, 0.5)

        min_font_size = 18
        # Set font size for values
        # Adjust the font size as needed
        for i in range(len(plot_table)+1):
            for j in range(len(plot_table.columns)):
                if i > 0:  # Skip the header row
                    cell = table.get_celld()[i, j]
                    cell.set_fontsize(min_font_size)


        for i in range(len(plot_table)):
            
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].get_text().get_text() != 'All':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].set_facecolor(pitch_colours[table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].get_text().get_text()])  # Header cell color
                if table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].get_text().get_text() in ['Split-Finger','Slider','Changeup']:
                    table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].set_text_props(color='#000000',fontweight='bold')
                else:
                    table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].set_text_props(color='#ffffff',fontweight='bold')
                    if table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].get_text().get_text() == 'Four-Seam Fastball':
                        table.get_celld()[(i+1, 0)].get_text().set_text('4-Seam')
            print('LOOK HERE 3')
            print(statcast_pitch_summary)
            select_df = statcast_pitch_summary[statcast_pitch_summary['pitch_description'] == plot_table['pitch_description'].values[i]]

            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=select_df['start_speed'].mean()-select_df.pitch_velocity_std.mean(), 
                                        vmax=select_df['start_speed'].mean()+select_df.pitch_velocity_std.mean()) # Define the range of values
            
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1, 3)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1, 3)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 3)].get_text().get_text()),normalize,cmap_sum))  # Header cell color
          

            cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',]) 
            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=select_df['extension'].mean()*0.9, vmax=select_df['extension'].mean()*1.1)
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1,11)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1,11)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 11)].get_text().get_text()),normalize,cmap_sum))  # Header cell color

            cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',]) 
            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=80, vmax=120)
            print(normalize)
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1,13)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                
                table.get_celld()[(i+1,13)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 13)].get_text().get_text()),normalize,cmap_sum))  # Header cell color

            cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',]) 
            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=select_df['zone_percent'].mean()*0.7, vmax=select_df['zone_percent'].mean()*1.3)
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1,14)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1,14)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 14)].get_text().get_text().strip('%')),normalize,cmap_sum))  # Header cell color

            cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',]) 
            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=select_df['chase_percent'].mean()*0.7, vmax=select_df['chase_percent'].mean()*1.3)
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1,15)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1,15)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 15)].get_text().get_text().strip('%')),normalize,cmap_sum))  # Header cell color


            cmap_sum = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#648FFF','#FFFFFF','#FFB000',]) 
            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=select_df['whiff_rate'].mean()*0.7, vmax=select_df['whiff_rate'].mean()*1.3)
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1,16)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1,16)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 16)].get_text().get_text().strip('%')),normalize,cmap_sum))  # Header cell color
            print("LOOK HERE")
            print(select_df)
            cmap_sum_r = matplotlib.colors.LinearSegmentedColormap.from_list("", ['#FFB000','#FFFFFF','#648FFF',]) 
            normalize = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=select_df['xwobacon'].mean()*0.7, vmax=select_df['xwobacon'].mean()*1.3)
            if table.get_celld()[(i+1,17)].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                table.get_celld()[(i+1,17)].set_facecolor(get_color(float(table.get_celld()[(i+1, 17)].get_text().get_text().strip('%')),normalize,cmap_sum_r))  # Header cell color



            table.get_celld()[(len(plot_table), 0)].set_text_props(color='#000000',fontweight='bold') 
            
                
            new_column_names = ['$\\bf{Pitch\ Name}$',
            '$\\bf{Count}$',
            '$\\bf{Pitch\%}$',
            '$\\bf{Velocity}$',
            '$\\bf{iVB}$',
            '$\\bf{HB}$',
            '$\\bf{Spin}$',
            '$\\bf{VAA}$',
            '$\\bf{HAA}$',
            '$\\bf{vRel}$',    
            '$\\bf{hRel}$',        

            '$\\bf{Ext.}$',
            '$\\bf{Axis}$',
            '$\\bf{tjStuff+}$',
            '$\\bf{Zone\%}$',
            '$\\bf{Chase\%}$',
            '$\\bf{Whiff\%}$',
            '$\\bf{xwOBA}$\n$\\bf{Contact}$',
            ]

            for i, col_name in enumerate(new_column_names):
                table.get_celld()[(0, i)].get_text().set_text(col_name)

        float_list = ['start_speed','ivb',
                'hb', 'vaa', 'haa', 'vertical_release','horizontal_release', 'extension']
        for fl in float_list:
            # Subset of column names
            subset_columns = [fl]
            
            # Get the list of column indices
            column_indices = [plot_table.columns.get_loc(col) for col in subset_columns]
            
           # # print(column_indices)
            for row_l in range(1,len(plot_table)+1):
           #     print(row_l)
                if table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text() != '—':
               #     print()
               #     print(fl)
                    table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().set_text('{:,.1f}'.format(float(table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text().strip('%'))))

        float_3_list = ['xwobacon']
        for fl in float_3_list:
            # Subset of column names
            subset_columns = [fl]
            
            # Get the list of column indices
            column_indices = [plot_table.columns.get_loc(col) for col in subset_columns]
            
           # # print(column_indices)
            for row_l in range(1,len(plot_table)+1):
           #     print(row_l)
                if table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text() != '—':
               #     print()
               #     print(fl)
                    table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().set_text('{:,.3f}'.format(float(table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text().strip('%'))))


        percent_list = ['pitch_percent','zone_percent','chase_percent','whiff_rate']
        for fl in percent_list:
            # Subset of column names
            subset_columns = [fl]
            
            # Get the list of column indices
            column_indices = [plot_table.columns.get_loc(col) for col in subset_columns]
            
           # # print(column_indices)
            for row_l in range(1,len(plot_table)+1):
           #     print(row_l)
                if table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text() != '—':
                    
               #     print(fl)
                    table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().set_text('{:,.1%}'.format(float(table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text().strip('%'))))


        int_list = ['tj_stuff_plus','spin_rate']
        for fl in int_list:
            # Subset of column names
            subset_columns = [fl]
            
            # Get the list of column indices
            column_indices = [plot_table.columns.get_loc(col) for col in subset_columns]

           # # print(column_indices)
            for row_l in range(1,len(plot_table)+1):
           #     print(row_l)
                if table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text() != '—':
               #     print(fl)
                    
                    table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().set_text('{:,.0f}'.format(float(table.get_celld()[(row_l,column_indices[0])].get_text().get_text().strip('%'))))

        return table

### GROUED IVB CREATION ###
def group_ivb_update(df,
                     agg_list=['pitcher_id','pitcher_name','pitcher_hand','pitch_type','pitch_description']):


        #df.loc[df['launch_speed']==0,'launch_speed'] = np.nan

        grouped_ivb = df.groupby(agg_list).agg(
        pitches = ('start_speed','count'),
        
        start_speed = ('start_speed','mean'),
        ivb = ('ivb','mean'),
        hb = ('hb','mean'),
        spin_rate = ('spin_rate','mean'),
        vaa = ('vaa','mean'),
        haa = ('haa','mean'),
        horizontal_release = ('x0','mean'),
        vertical_release = ('z0','mean'),
        extension = ('extension','mean'),
        spin_direction = ('spin_direction','mean'),
        tj_stuff_plus = ('tj_stuff_plus','mean'),
        swings =  ('swings','sum'),
        in_zone = ('in_zone','sum'),
        out_zone = ('out_zone','sum'),
        whiffs = ('whiffs','sum'),
        zone_swing = ('zone_swing','sum'),
        zone_contact = ('zone_contact','sum'),
        ozone_swing = ('ozone_swing','sum'),
        ozone_contact = ('ozone_contact','sum'),    
        woba_pred = ('woba_pred','sum'),   
        bip = ('launch_speed','count'),   
        
        ).reset_index()


        grouped_ivb['zone_contact_percent'] = [grouped_ivb.zone_contact[x]/grouped_ivb.zone_swing[x] if grouped_ivb.zone_swing[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['zone_swing_percent'] = [grouped_ivb.zone_swing[x]/grouped_ivb.in_zone[x] if grouped_ivb.pitches[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['zone_percent'] = [grouped_ivb.in_zone[x]/grouped_ivb.pitches[x] if grouped_ivb.pitches[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['chase_percent'] = [grouped_ivb.ozone_swing[x]/(grouped_ivb.pitches[x] - grouped_ivb.in_zone[x]) if (grouped_ivb.pitches[x]- grouped_ivb.in_zone[x]) != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['chase_contact'] = [grouped_ivb.ozone_contact[x]/grouped_ivb.ozone_swing[x] if grouped_ivb.ozone_swing[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['swing_percent'] = [grouped_ivb.swings[x]/grouped_ivb.pitches[x] if grouped_ivb.pitches[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['whiff_rate'] = [grouped_ivb.whiffs[x]/grouped_ivb.swings[x] if grouped_ivb.swings[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        grouped_ivb['swstr_rate'] = [grouped_ivb.whiffs[x]/grouped_ivb.pitches[x] if grouped_ivb.pitches[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]


        grouped_ivb['xwobacon'] = [grouped_ivb.woba_pred[x]/grouped_ivb.bip[x] if grouped_ivb.bip[x] != 0 else np.nan for x in range(len(grouped_ivb))]

        return grouped_ivb


####LHH
def location_plot(df,ax,hand):
        label_labels = df.sort_values(by=['prop','pitch_type'],ascending=[False,True]).pitch_description.unique()
        j = 0
        for label in label_labels:
            
            subset = df[(df['pitch_description'] == label)&(df['batter_hand'] == hand)]
            print(label)
            if len(subset) >= 5:
                confidence_ellipse(subset['px'], subset['pz'], ax=ax,edgecolor =  pitch_colours[label],n_std=1.5,facecolor=  pitch_colours[label],alpha=0.3)
                j=j+1
            else:
                j=j+1  

        pitch_location_group = df[(df['batter_hand'] == hand)].groupby(['pitch_description']).agg(
            pitches = ('start_speed','count'),
            px = ('px','mean'),
            pz = ('pz','mean')).reset_index()

        pitch_location_group['pitch_percent'] = pitch_location_group['pitches']/pitch_location_group['pitches'].sum()


        ## Location Plot
        sns.scatterplot(ax=ax,x=pitch_location_group['px'],
                                    y=pitch_location_group['pz'],
                                    hue=pitch_location_group['pitch_description'],
                                    palette=pitch_colours,ec='black',
                                    s=pitch_location_group['pitch_percent']*750,
                                    linewidth=2,
                                    zorder=2)

        ax.axis('square')
        draw_line(ax,alpha_spot=0.75,catcher_p=False)
        ax.axis('off')
        ax.set_xlim((-2.75,2.75))
        ax.set_ylim((-0.5,5))
        if len(pitch_location_group['px'])>0:
            ax.get_legend().remove()
        ax.grid(False)
        ax.set_title(f"Pitch Locations vs {hand}HB\n{pitch_location_group['pitches'].sum()} Pitches",fontdict=font_properties_titles)