supervised_finetuning.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2023 XuMing(xuming624@qq.com) and The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
Fine-tuning the library models for causal language modeling (GPT, GPT-2, CTRL, ...) on a text file or a dataset.

part of this code is adapted from https://github.com/shibing624/textgen
"""
import math
import os
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from glob import glob
from typing import List, Optional, Dict, Sequence

import torch
from datasets import load_dataset
from loguru import logger
from peft import LoraConfig, TaskType, get_peft_model, PeftModel, prepare_model_for_int8_training
from transformers import (
    AutoConfig,
    BloomForCausalLM,
    AutoModel,
    AutoModelForCausalLM,
    LlamaTokenizer,
    LlamaForCausalLM,
    BloomTokenizerFast,
    AutoTokenizer,
    HfArgumentParser,
    Trainer,
    TrainingArguments,
    set_seed,
    BitsAndBytesConfig,
    DataCollatorForSeq2Seq,
)
from transformers.deepspeed import is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled
from transformers.trainer import TRAINING_ARGS_NAME
from transformers.trainer_pt_utils import LabelSmoother

MODEL_CLASSES = {
    "bloom": (AutoConfig, BloomForCausalLM, BloomTokenizerFast),
    "chatglm": (AutoConfig, AutoModel, AutoTokenizer),
    "llama": (AutoConfig, LlamaForCausalLM, LlamaTokenizer),
    "baichuan": (AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer),
    "auto": (AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer),
}


@dataclass
class ModelArguments:
    """
    Arguments pertaining to which model/config/tokenizer we are going to fine-tune, or train from scratch.
    """

    model_type: str = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "Model type selected in the list: " + ", ".join(MODEL_CLASSES.keys())}
    )
    model_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "The model checkpoint for weights initialization.Don't set if you want to train a model from scratch."
            )
        },
    )
    tokenizer_name_or_path: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "The tokenizer for weights initialization.Don't set if you want to train a model from scratch."
            )
        },
    )
    load_in_8bit: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"help": "Whether to load the model in 8bit mode or not."})
    cache_dir: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "Where do you want to store the pretrained models downloaded from huggingface.co"},
    )
    use_fast_tokenizer: bool = field(
        default=False,
        metadata={"help": "Whether to use one of the fast tokenizer (backed by the tokenizers library) or not."},
    )
    torch_dtype: Optional[str] = field(
        default="float16",
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "Override the default `torch.dtype` and load the model under this dtype. If `auto` is passed, the "
                "dtype will be automatically derived from the model's weights."
            ),
            "choices": ["auto", "bfloat16", "float16", "float32"],
        },
    )
    device_map: Optional[str] = field(
        default="auto",
        metadata={"help": "Device to map model to. If `auto` is passed, the device will be selected automatically. "},
    )
    trust_remote_code: bool = field(
        default=True,
        metadata={"help": "Whether to trust remote code when loading a model from a remote checkpoint."},
    )

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.model_type is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "You must specify a valid model_type to run training. Available model types are " + ", ".join(
                    MODEL_CLASSES.keys()))
        if self.model_name_or_path is None:
            raise ValueError("You must specify a valid model_name_or_path to run training.")


@dataclass
class DataTrainingArguments:
    """
    Arguments pertaining to what data we are going to input our model for training and eval.
    """

    dataset_name: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None, metadata={"help": "The name of the dataset to use (via the datasets library)."}
    )
    dataset_config_name: Optional[str] = field(
        default=None, metadata={"help": "The configuration name of the dataset to use (via the datasets library)."}
    )
    train_file_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "The train jsonl data file folder."})
    validation_file_dir: Optional[str] = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "The evaluation jsonl file folder."})
    template_name: Optional[str] = field(default="vicuna", metadata={"help": "The prompt template name."})
    max_train_samples: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "For debugging purposes or quicker training, truncate the number of training examples to this "
                "value if set."
            )
        },
    )
    max_eval_samples: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={
            "help": (
                "For debugging purposes or quicker training, truncate the number of evaluation examples to this "
                "value if set."
            )
        },
    )
    max_source_length: Optional[int] = field(default=256, metadata={"help": "Max length of prompt input text"})
    max_target_length: Optional[int] = field(default=256, metadata={"help": "Max length of output text"})
    ignore_pad_token_for_loss: bool = field(
        default=True,
        metadata={"help": "If only pad tokens should be ignored. This assumes that `config.pad_token_id` is defined."},
    )
    overwrite_cache: bool = field(
        default=False, metadata={"help": "Overwrite the cached training and evaluation sets"}
    )
    validation_split_percentage: Optional[int] = field(
        default=1,
        metadata={
            "help": "The percentage of the train set used as validation set in case there's no validation split"
        },
    )
    preprocessing_num_workers: Optional[int] = field(
        default=None,
        metadata={"help": "The number of processes to use for the preprocessing."},
    )

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.max_train_samples is not None and 0 < self.max_train_samples <= 1000:
            logger.warning("You may set max_train_samples = -1 to run all samples in production.")
        if self.max_source_length < 30:
            raise ValueError("You must specify a valid max_source_length >= 30 to run training.")


@dataclass
class PeftArguments(TrainingArguments):
    use_peft: bool = field(default=True, metadata={"help": "Whether to use peft"})
    target_modules: Optional[str] = field(default="all")
    lora_rank: Optional[int] = field(default=8)
    lora_dropout: Optional[float] = field(default=0.05)
    lora_alpha: Optional[float] = field(default=32.0)
    modules_to_save: Optional[str] = field(default=None)
    peft_path: Optional[str] = field(default=None, metadata={"help": "The path to the peft model"})
    qlora: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"help": "Whether to use qlora"})


class CastOutputToFloat(torch.nn.Sequential):
    """Cast the output of the model to float"""

    def forward(self, x):
        return super().forward(x).to(torch.float32)


@dataclass
class Conversation:
    """A class that manages prompt templates and keeps all conversation history."""

    # The name of this template
    name: str
    # The system prompt
    system_prompt: str
    # All messages. format: list of [question, answer]
    messages: Optional[List[Sequence[str]]]
    # The roles of the speakers
    roles: Optional[Sequence[str]]
    # Conversation prompt
    prompt: str
    # Separator
    sep: str
    # Stop token, default is tokenizer.eos_token
    stop_str: Optional[str] = "</s>"

    def get_prompt(
            self,
            messages: Optional[List[Sequence[str]]] = None,
            system_prompt: Optional[str] = ""
    ) -> str:
        """
        Returns a string containing prompt without response.
        """
        return "".join(self._format_example(messages, system_prompt))

    def get_dialog(
            self,
            messages: Optional[List[Sequence[str]]] = None,
            system_prompt: Optional[str] = ""
    ) -> List[str]:
        """
        Returns a list containing 2 * n elements where the 2k-th is a query and the (2k+1)-th is a response.
        """
        return self._format_example(messages, system_prompt)

    def _format_example(
            self,
            messages: Optional[List[Sequence[str]]] = None,
            system_prompt: Optional[str] = ""
    ) -> List[str]:
        system_prompt = system_prompt or self.system_prompt
        system_prompt = system_prompt + self.sep if system_prompt else ""  # add separator for non-empty system prompt
        messages = messages or self.messages
        convs = []
        for turn_idx, [user_query, bot_resp] in enumerate(messages):
            if turn_idx == 0:
                convs.append(system_prompt + self.prompt.format(query=user_query))
                convs.append(bot_resp)
            else:
                convs.append(self.sep + self.prompt.format(query=user_query))
                convs.append(bot_resp)
        return convs

    def append_message(self, query: str, answer: str):
        """Append a new message."""
        self.messages.append([query, answer])


# A global registry for all conversation templates
conv_templates: Dict[str, Conversation] = {}


def register_conv_template(template: Conversation):
    """Register a new conversation template."""
    conv_templates[template.name] = template


"""Vicuna v1.1 template
Supports: https://huggingface.co/lmsys/vicuna-7b-delta-v1.1
          https://huggingface.co/lmsys/vicuna-13b-delta-v1.1
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="vicuna",
        system_prompt="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. "
                      "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.",
        messages=[],
        roles=("USER", "ASSISTANT"),
        prompt="USER: {query} ASSISTANT: ",
        sep="</s>",
    )
)

"""Alpaca template"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="alpaca",
        system_prompt="Below is an instruction that describes a task. "
                      "Write a response that appropriately completes the request.",
        messages=[],
        roles=("### Instruction", "### Response"),
        prompt="### Instruction:\n{query}\n\n### Response:\n",
        sep="\n\n",
    )
)

"""Baichuan-13B-Chat template
source: https://huggingface.co/baichuan-inc/Baichuan-13B-Chat/blob/f5f47be2adbbdceb784f334d6fa1ca2c73e65097/modeling_baichuan.py#L507
Support: https://huggingface.co/baichuan-inc/Baichuan-13B-Chat
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="baichuan-chat",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("<reserved_102>", "<reserved_103>"),
        prompt=" <reserved_102> {query} <reserved_103> ",
        sep="</s>",
    )
)

"""ziya template"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="ziya",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("<human>", "<bot>"),
        prompt="<human>:{query}\n<bot>:",
        sep="\n",
    )
)

"""Linly template"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="linly",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("User", "Bot"),
        prompt="User: {query}\nBot: ",
        sep="\n",
    )
)

"""ChatGLM1 template
source: https://huggingface.co/THUDM/chatglm-6b/blob/main/modeling_chatglm.py#L1307
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="chatglm",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("问", "答"),
        prompt="问：{query}\n答：",
        sep="\n",
    )
)

"""ChatGLM2 template
source: https://huggingface.co/THUDM/chatglm2-6b/blob/main/modeling_chatglm.py#L1007
"""
register_conv_template(
    # source:
    Conversation(
        name="chatglm2",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("问", "答"),
        prompt="问：{query}\n\n答：",
        sep="\n\n",
    )
)

"""Phoenix template"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="phoenix",
        system_prompt="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.\n\n",
        messages=[],
        roles=("Human", "Assistant"),
        prompt="Human: <s>{query}</s>Assistant: ",
        sep="</s>",
    )
)

"""belle template
Supports: https://huggingface.co/BelleGroup/BELLE-LLaMA-EXT-13B
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="belle",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("Human", "Belle"),
        prompt="Human: {query}\n\nBelle: ",
        sep="\n\n",
    )
)

"""aquila template
Supports: https://huggingface.co/qhduan/aquilachat-7b
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="aquila",
        system_prompt="A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. "
                      "The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.",
        messages=[],
        roles=("Human", "Assistant"),
        prompt="Human: {query}###Assistant: ",
        sep="###",
    )
)

"""intern template
Supports: https://huggingface.co/internlm/internlm-chat-7b
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="intern",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("<|User|>", "<|Bot|>"),
        prompt="<|User|>:{query}<eoh>\n<|Bot|>:",
        sep="<eoa>\n",
        stop_str="<eoa>",
    )
)

"""StarChat template"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="starchat",
        system_prompt="<system>\n",
        messages=[],
        roles=("<|user|>", "<|assistant|>"),
        prompt="<|user|>\n{query}<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n",
        sep="<|end|>\n",
        stop_str="<|end|>",
    )
)

"""llama2 template
reference: https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/blob/cfc3fc8c1968d390eb830e65c63865e980873a06/llama/generation.py#L212
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="llama2",
        system_prompt="<<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful, respectful and honest assistant. "
                      "Always answer as helpfully as possible, while being safe. "
                      "Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, "
                      "toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. "
                      "Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature.\n\n"
                      "If a question does not make any sense, or is not factually coherent, "
                      "explain why instead of answering something not correct. "
                      "If you don't know the answer to a question, please don't share false information.\n<</SYS>>\n\n",
        messages=[],
        roles=("[INST]", "[/INST]"),
        prompt=" [INST] {query} [/INST] ",
        sep="</s>",
    )
)

"""llama2-zh template
Sources: https://github.com/ymcui/Chinese-LLaMA-Alpaca-2
Supports: https://huggingface.co/ziqingyang/chinese-alpaca-2-7b
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="llama2-zh",
        system_prompt="<<SYS>>\nYou are a helpful assistant. 你是一个乐于助人的助手。\n<</SYS>>\n\n",
        messages=[],
        roles=("[INST]", "[/INST]"),
        prompt=" [INST] {query} [/INST] ",
        sep="</s>",
    )
)
"""XVERSE template
Supports: https://huggingface.co/xverse/XVERSE-13B-Chat
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="xverse",
        system_prompt="",
        messages=[],
        roles=("Human", "Assistant"),
        prompt="Human: {query}\n\nAssistant: ",
        sep="</s>",
    )
)

"""Qwen template
Supports: https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen-7B-Chat
chatml: https://xbot123.com/645a461b922f176d7cfdbc2d/
"""
register_conv_template(
    Conversation(
        name="chatml",
        system_prompt="You are a helpful assistant.",
        messages=[],
        roles=("user", "assistant"),
        prompt="<|im_start|>user\n{query}<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n",
        sep="<|im_end|>\n",
        stop_str="<|im_end|>",
    )
)


def get_conv_template(name: str) -> Conversation:
    """Get a conversation template."""
    return conv_templates[name]


class SavePeftModelTrainer(Trainer):
    """
    Trainer for lora models
    """

    def save_model(self, output_dir=None, _internal_call=False):
        """Save the LoRA model."""
        os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
        if self.args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
            torch.save(self.args, os.path.join(output_dir, TRAINING_ARGS_NAME))
            self.model.save_pretrained(output_dir)


def save_model(output_dir, model, tokenizer, args):
    """Save the model and the tokenizer."""
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    # Take care of distributed/parallel training
    model_to_save = model.module if hasattr(model, "module") else model
    if args.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
        model_to_save.save_pretrained(output_dir)
        tokenizer.save_pretrained(output_dir)
        torch.save(args, os.path.join(output_dir, TRAINING_ARGS_NAME))


def print_trainable_parameters(model):
    """
    Prints the number of trainable parameters in the model.
    """
    trainable_params = 0
    all_param = 0
    for _, param in model.named_parameters():
        all_param += param.numel()
        if param.requires_grad:
            trainable_params += param.numel()
    print(
        f"trainable params: {trainable_params} || all params: {all_param} || trainable%: {100 * trainable_params / all_param}"
    )


def find_all_linear_names(peft_model, int4=False, int8=False):
    """Find all linear layer names in the model. reference from qlora paper."""
    cls = torch.nn.Linear
    if int4 or int8:
        import bitsandbytes as bnb
        if int4:
            cls = bnb.nn.Linear4bit
        elif int8:
            cls = bnb.nn.Linear8bitLt
    lora_module_names = set()
    for name, module in peft_model.named_modules():
        if isinstance(module, cls):
            # last layer is not add to lora_module_names
            if 'lm_head' in name:
                continue
            if 'output_layer' in name:
                continue
            names = name.split('.')
            lora_module_names.add(names[0] if len(names) == 1 else names[-1])
    return sorted(lora_module_names)


def main():
    parser = HfArgumentParser((ModelArguments, DataTrainingArguments, PeftArguments))
    model_args, data_args, training_args = parser.parse_args_into_dataclasses()

    logger.info(f"Model args: {model_args}")
    logger.info(f"Data args: {data_args}")
    logger.info(f"Training args: {training_args}")
    logger.info(
        f"Process rank: {training_args.local_rank}, device: {training_args.device}, n_gpu: {training_args.n_gpu}"
        + f" distributed training: {bool(training_args.local_rank != -1)}, 16-bits training: {training_args.fp16}"
    )

    # Set seed before initializing model.
    set_seed(training_args.seed)

    if not model_args.model_type:
        raise ValueError("Please specify a model_type, e.g. llama, chatglm, bloom, etc.")
    config_class, model_class, tokenizer_class = MODEL_CLASSES[model_args.model_type]

    # Load tokenizer
    tokenizer_kwargs = {
        "cache_dir": model_args.cache_dir,
        "use_fast": model_args.use_fast_tokenizer,
        "trust_remote_code": model_args.trust_remote_code,
    }
    tokenizer_name_or_path = model_args.tokenizer_name_or_path
    if not tokenizer_name_or_path:
        tokenizer_name_or_path = model_args.model_name_or_path
    tokenizer = tokenizer_class.from_pretrained(tokenizer_name_or_path, **tokenizer_kwargs)
    prompt_template = get_conv_template(data_args.template_name)
    if tokenizer.eos_token_id is None:
        tokenizer.eos_token = prompt_template.stop_str  # eos token is required for SFT
        logger.info("Add eos token: {}".format(tokenizer.eos_token))
    if tokenizer.pad_token_id is None:
        if tokenizer.unk_token_id is not None:
            tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.unk_token
        else:
            tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token
        logger.info("Add pad token: {}".format(tokenizer.pad_token))

    logger.debug(f"Tokenizer: {tokenizer}")
    IGNORE_INDEX = LabelSmoother.ignore_index if data_args.ignore_pad_token_for_loss else tokenizer.pad_token_id

    # Get datasets
    if data_args.dataset_name is not None:
        # Downloading and loading a dataset from the hub.
        raw_datasets = load_dataset(
            data_args.dataset_name,
            data_args.dataset_config_name,
            cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
        )
        if "validation" not in raw_datasets.keys():
            raw_datasets["validation"] = load_dataset(
                data_args.dataset_name,
                data_args.dataset_config_name,
                split=f"train[:{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            )
            raw_datasets["train"] = load_dataset(
                data_args.dataset_name,
                data_args.dataset_config_name,
                split=f"train[{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%:]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            )
    else:
        # Loading a dataset from local files.
        data_files = {}
        if data_args.train_file_dir is not None and os.path.exists(data_args.train_file_dir):
            train_data_files = glob(f'{data_args.train_file_dir}/**/*.json', recursive=True) + glob(
                f'{data_args.train_file_dir}/**/*.jsonl', recursive=True)
            logger.info(f"train files: {train_data_files}")
            data_files["train"] = train_data_files
        if data_args.validation_file_dir is not None and os.path.exists(data_args.validation_file_dir):
            eval_data_files = glob(f'{data_args.validation_file_dir}/**/*.json', recursive=True) + glob(
                f'{data_args.validation_file_dir}/**/*.jsonl', recursive=True)
            logger.info(f"eval files: {eval_data_files}")
            data_files["validation"] = eval_data_files
        raw_datasets = load_dataset(
            'json',
            data_files=data_files,
            cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
        )
        # If no validation data is there, validation_split_percentage will be used to divide the dataset.
        if "validation" not in raw_datasets.keys():
            raw_datasets["validation"] = load_dataset(
                'json',
                data_files=data_files,
                split=f"train[:{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            )
            raw_datasets["train"] = load_dataset(
                'json',
                data_files=data_files,
                split=f"train[{data_args.validation_split_percentage}%:]",
                cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir,
            )
    logger.info(f"Raw datasets: {raw_datasets}")

    # Preprocessing the datasets
    max_source_length = data_args.max_source_length
    max_target_length = data_args.max_target_length
    max_length = max_source_length + max_target_length

    def preprocess_function(examples):
        """
        Preprocessing the datasets.
            part of code modified from https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat
        """
        input_ids_list = []
        targets_list = []
        roles = ["human", "gpt"]

        def get_dialog(examples):
            for i, source in enumerate(examples['conversations']):
                if len(source) < 2:
                    continue
                data_role = source[0].get("from", "")
                if data_role not in roles or data_role != roles[0]:
                    # Skip the first one if it is not from human
                    source = source[1:]
                if len(source) < 2:
                    continue
                messages = []
                for j, sentence in enumerate(source):
                    data_role = sentence.get("from", "")
                    if data_role not in roles:
                        logger.warning(f"unknown role: {data_role}, {i}. (ignored)")
                        break
                    if data_role == roles[j % 2]:
                        messages.append(sentence["value"])
                if len(messages) < 2 or len(messages) % 2 != 0:
                    continue
                # Convert the list to pairs of elements
                history_messages = [[messages[k], messages[k + 1]] for k in range(0, len(messages), 2)]
                yield prompt_template.get_dialog(history_messages)

        for dialog in get_dialog(examples):
            input_ids, labels = [], []

            for i in range(len(dialog) // 2):
                source_ids = tokenizer.encode(text=dialog[2 * i], add_special_tokens=(i == 0))
                target_ids = tokenizer.encode(text=dialog[2 * i + 1], add_special_tokens=False)

                if len(source_ids) > max_source_length:
                    source_ids = source_ids[:max_source_length]
                if len(target_ids) > max_target_length - 1:  # eos token
                    target_ids = target_ids[:max_target_length - 1]
                if len(source_ids) > 0 and source_ids[0] == tokenizer.eos_token_id:
                    source_ids = source_ids[1:]
                if len(target_ids) > 0 and target_ids[-1] == tokenizer.eos_token_id:
                    target_ids = target_ids[:-1]
                if len(input_ids) + len(source_ids) + len(target_ids) + 1 > max_length:
                    break

                input_ids += source_ids + target_ids + [tokenizer.eos_token_id]  # add eos token for each turn
                labels += [IGNORE_INDEX] * len(source_ids) + target_ids + [tokenizer.eos_token_id]

            input_ids_list.append(input_ids)
            targets_list.append(labels)

        return dict(
            input_ids=input_ids_list,
            labels=targets_list,
        )

    def filter_empty_labels(example):
        """Remove empty labels dataset."""
        return not all(label == IGNORE_INDEX for label in example["labels"])

    train_dataset = None
    max_train_samples = 0
    if training_args.do_train:
        if "train" not in raw_datasets:
            raise ValueError("--do_train requires a train dataset")
        train_dataset = raw_datasets['train']
        max_train_samples = len(train_dataset)
        if data_args.max_train_samples is not None and data_args.max_train_samples > 0:
            max_train_samples = min(len(train_dataset), data_args.max_train_samples)
            train_dataset = train_dataset.select(range(max_train_samples))
        logger.debug(f"Example train_dataset[0]: {train_dataset[0]}")
        with training_args.main_process_first(desc="Train dataset tokenization"):
            train_dataset = train_dataset.shuffle().map(
                preprocess_function,
                batched=True,
                num_proc=data_args.preprocessing_num_workers,
                remove_columns=train_dataset.column_names,
                load_from_cache_file=not data_args.overwrite_cache,
                desc="Running tokenizer on dataset",
            )
            train_dataset = train_dataset.filter(filter_empty_labels, num_proc=data_args.preprocessing_num_workers)
            logger.debug(f"Num train_samples: {len(train_dataset)}")
            logger.debug("Tokenized training example:")
            logger.debug(f"Decode input_ids[0]: {tokenizer.decode(train_dataset[0]['input_ids'])}")
            replaced_labels = [label if label != IGNORE_INDEX else tokenizer.pad_token_id
                               for label in list(train_dataset[0]['labels'])]
            logger.debug(f"Decode labels[0]: {tokenizer.decode(replaced_labels)}")

    eval_dataset = None
    max_eval_samples = 0
    if training_args.do_eval:
        with training_args.main_process_first(desc="Eval dataset tokenization"):
            if "validation" not in raw_datasets:
                raise ValueError("--do_eval requires a validation dataset")
            eval_dataset = raw_datasets["validation"]
            max_eval_samples = len(eval_dataset)
            if data_args.max_eval_samples is not None and data_args.max_eval_samples > 0:
                max_eval_samples = min(len(eval_dataset), data_args.max_eval_samples)
                eval_dataset = eval_dataset.select(range(max_eval_samples))
            logger.debug(f"Example eval_dataset[0]: {eval_dataset[0]}")
            eval_dataset = eval_dataset.map(
                preprocess_function,
                batched=True,
                num_proc=data_args.preprocessing_num_workers,
                remove_columns=eval_dataset.column_names,
                load_from_cache_file=not data_args.overwrite_cache,
                desc="Running tokenizer on dataset",
            )
            eval_dataset = eval_dataset.filter(filter_empty_labels, num_proc=data_args.preprocessing_num_workers)
            logger.debug(f"Num eval_samples: {len(eval_dataset)}")
            logger.debug("Tokenized eval example:")
            logger.debug(tokenizer.decode(eval_dataset[0]['input_ids']))

    # Load model
    if model_args.model_name_or_path:
        torch_dtype = (
            model_args.torch_dtype
            if model_args.torch_dtype in ["auto", None]
            else getattr(torch, model_args.torch_dtype)
        )
        world_size = int(os.environ.get("WORLD_SIZE", 1))
        ddp = world_size != 1
        if ddp:
            model_args.device_map = {"": int(os.environ["LOCAL_RANK"]) or 0}
        if training_args.qlora and (len(training_args.fsdp) > 0 or is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled()):
            logger.warning("FSDP and ZeRO3 are both currently incompatible with QLoRA.")
        config = config_class.from_pretrained(
            model_args.model_name_or_path,
            trust_remote_code=model_args.trust_remote_code,
            torch_dtype=torch_dtype,
            cache_dir=model_args.cache_dir
        )
        model = model_class.from_pretrained(
            model_args.model_name_or_path,
            config=config,
            load_in_8bit=model_args.load_in_8bit,
            low_cpu_mem_usage=(not is_deepspeed_zero3_enabled()),
            device_map=model_args.device_map,
            trust_remote_code=model_args.trust_remote_code,
            quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig(
                load_in_4bit=True,
                bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
                bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
                bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch_dtype,
            ) if training_args.qlora else None,
        )
        if hasattr(model, 'lm_head'):
            model.lm_head = CastOutputToFloat(model.lm_head)
    else:
        raise ValueError(f"Error, model_name_or_path is None, SFT must be loaded from a pre-trained model")

    if training_args.use_peft:
        logger.info("Fine-tuning method: LoRA(PEFT)")
        if training_args.peft_path is not None:
            logger.info(f"Peft from pre-trained model: {training_args.peft_path}")
            model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, training_args.peft_path, is_trainable=True)
        else:
            target_modules = training_args.target_modules.split(',') if training_args.target_modules else None
            if target_modules and 'all' in target_modules:
                target_modules = find_all_linear_names(model, int4=False, int8=model_args.load_in_8bit)
            modules_to_save = training_args.modules_to_save
            if modules_to_save is not None:
                modules_to_save = modules_to_save.split(',')
            logger.info(f"Peft target_modules: {target_modules}")
            logger.info(f"Peft lora_rank: {training_args.lora_rank}")
            peft_config = LoraConfig(
                task_type=TaskType.CAUSAL_LM,
                target_modules=target_modules,
                inference_mode=False,
                r=training_args.lora_rank,
                lora_alpha=training_args.lora_alpha,
                lora_dropout=training_args.lora_dropout,
                modules_to_save=modules_to_save)
            model = get_peft_model(model, peft_config)
        if model_args.load_in_8bit:
            model = prepare_model_for_int8_training(model)
        model.print_trainable_parameters()
    else:
        logger.info("Fine-tuning method: Full parameters training")
        model = model.float()
        print_trainable_parameters(model)
    logger.debug(f"Model: {model}")

    # Initialize our Trainer
    if training_args.gradient_checkpointing:
        model.gradient_checkpointing_enable()
        model.config.use_cache = False
    else:
        model.config.use_cache = True
    model.enable_input_require_grads()
    if not ddp and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
        # Keeps Trainer from trying its own DataParallelism when more than 1 gpu is available
        model.is_parallelizable = True
        model.model_parallel = True

    data_collator = DataCollatorForSeq2Seq(tokenizer=tokenizer, label_pad_token_id=IGNORE_INDEX)
    # Initialize our Trainer
    trainer = SavePeftModelTrainer(
        model=model,
        args=training_args,
        train_dataset=train_dataset if training_args.do_train else None,
        eval_dataset=eval_dataset if training_args.do_eval else None,
        tokenizer=tokenizer,
        data_collator=data_collator,
    )

    # Training
    if training_args.do_train:
        logger.info("*** Train ***")
        sample = next(iter(trainer.get_train_dataloader()))
        logger.debug(f"Train dataloader example: {sample}")
        logger.debug(f"Detail input_ids: {list(sample['input_ids'])[:3]}, \nlabels: {list(sample['labels'])[:3]}")
        logger.debug(f"Decode input_ids[0]: {tokenizer.decode(sample['input_ids'][0])}")
        replaced_labels = [label if label != IGNORE_INDEX else tokenizer.pad_token_id for label in sample['labels'][0]]
        logger.debug(f"Decode labels[0]: {tokenizer.decode(replaced_labels)}")
        checkpoint = None
        if training_args.resume_from_checkpoint is not None:
            checkpoint = training_args.resume_from_checkpoint
        train_result = trainer.train(resume_from_checkpoint=checkpoint)

        metrics = train_result.metrics
        metrics["train_samples"] = max_train_samples
        logger.debug(f"Training metrics: {metrics}")
        trainer.log_metrics("train", metrics)
        trainer.save_metrics("train", metrics)
        model.config.use_cache = True  # enable cache after training
        trainer.save_state()
        logger.info(f"Saving model checkpoint to {training_args.output_dir}")
        save_model(training_args.output_dir, model, tokenizer, training_args)

    # Evaluation
    if training_args.do_eval and trainer.is_world_process_zero():
        logger.info("*** Evaluate ***")
        metrics = trainer.evaluate()

        metrics["eval_samples"] = max_eval_samples
        try:
            perplexity = math.exp(metrics["eval_loss"])
        except OverflowError:
            perplexity = float("inf")
        metrics["perplexity"] = perplexity
        logger.debug(f"Eval metrics: {metrics}")
        trainer.log_metrics("eval", metrics)
        trainer.save_metrics("eval", metrics)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()