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	<title> LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image Models </title>

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	<h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image
	Models</h1>
	<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kJ9Abf8AAAAJ&hl=en">Manuel Brack</a>¹²,
	</span>
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://www.ml.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/people/ffriedrich/index.html">Felix Friedrich</a>²³,
	</span>
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://huggingface.co/KatharinaK">Katharina Kornmeier</a>²,
	</span>
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://twitter.com/linoy_tsaban">Linoy Tsaban</a>⁴,
	</span>
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=GD481RkAAAAJ&hl=de">Patrick Schramowski</a>¹²³⁶,
	</span>
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://ml-research.github.io/people/kkersting/">Kristian Kersting</a>¹²³⁵,
	</span>
	<span class="author-block">
	<a href="https://twitter.com/multimodalart">Apolinário Passos</a>⁴
	</span>
	<p></p>

	<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
	<span class="author-block">¹ German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),</span>
	<span class="author-block">² Computer Science Department, TU Darmstadt,</span>
	<span class="author-block">³ Hessian.AI,</span>
	<span class="author-block">⁴ Hugging Face 🤗,</span>
	<span class="author-block">⁵ Centre for Cognitive Science, TU Darmstadt,</span>
	<span class="author-block">⁶ LAION</span>
	</div>
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	<i class="ai ai-arxiv"></i>
	</span>
	<span>arXiv</span>
	</a>
	</span>
	<!-- Demo Link. -->
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	<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/editing-images/ledtisplusplus"
	target="_blank"
	class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
	<span>🤗 Demo</span>
	</a>
	</span>
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	<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/editing-images/ledtisplusplus/tree/main"
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	<span>Code</span>
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	</div>
	</section>

	<section class="hero teaser">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">
	<div class="hero-body">

	<video autoplay muted loop playsinline height="100%">
	<source src="static/videos/faces.mp4"
	type="video/mp4">
	</video>


	<h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
	</h2>

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	</section>


	<section class="section">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">
	<!-- Abstract. -->
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	<div class="column">
	<h2 class="title is-3 has-text-centered">Abstract</h2>
	<div class="content">
	<p>
	Text-to-image diffusion models have recently received a lot of interest for their
	astonishing ability to produce high-fidelity images from text only. Subsequent
	research efforts are aiming to exploit the capabilities of these models and leverage
	them for intuitive, textual image editing. However, existing methods often require
	time-consuming fine-tuning and lack native support for performing multiple edits
	simultaneously. To address these issues, we introduce LEDITS++ , an efficient yet
	versatile technique for image editing using text-to-image models. LEDITS++ re-
	quires no tuning nor optimization, runs in a few diffusion steps, natively supports
	multiple simultaneous edits, inherently limits changes to relevant image regions,
	and is architecture agnostic.
	</p>

	</div>
	</div>
	</div>

	</div>
	</section>

	<section class="section">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">
	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<img src="static/images/teaser.png"
	class="interpolation-image"
	style="max-height:700px; max-width:1200px"
	alt="ledits++ teaser"/>
	</div>
	</div>
	</section>


	<section class="section">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">
	<!-- Introduction -->
	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<h2 class="title is-3">LEDITS++: Efficient and Versatile Textual Image Editing</h2>
	</div>
	<div class="content">
	<p>
	To ease textual image editing, we present LEDITS++, a novel method for efficient and versatile image
	editing using text-to-image diffusion models. Firstly, LEDITS++ sets itself apart as a parameter-free
	solution requiring no fine-tuning nor any optimization. We derive characteristics of an edit-friendly
	noise space with a perfect input reconstruction, which were previously proposed for the DDPM
	sampling scheme, for a significantly faster multistep stochastic differential-equation (SDE)
	solver. This novel invertibility of the DPM-solver++ facilitates editing with LEDITS++ in as
	little as 20 total diffusion steps for inversion and inference combined.
	Moreover, LEDITS++ places a strong emphasis on semantic grounding to enhance the visual and
	contextual coherence of the edits. This ensures that changes are limited to the relevant regions in the
	image, preserving the original image’s fidelity as much as possible. LEDITS++ also provides users
	with the flexibility to combine multiple edits seamlessly, opening up new creative possibilities for
	intricate image manipulations. Finally, the approach is architecture-agnostic and compatible with any
	diffusion model, whether latent or pixel-based.
	</p>
	<section class="section">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">

	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<img src="static/images/variations.png"
	class="interpolation-image"
	style="max-height:800px; max-width:800px"
	alt="examples"/>
	</div>
	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered" style="margin-top: 2.5em;">
	<img src="static/images/smile_progression.png"
	class="interpolation-image"
	style="max-height:800px; max-width:800px"
	alt="examples"/>
	</div>
	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered" style="margin-top: 2.5em;">
	<img src="static/images/qualitative_car.png"
	class="interpolation-image"
	style="max-height:800px; max-width:800px"
	alt="examples"/>
	</div>
	</div>
	</section>
	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<h2 class="title is-3">Methodology
	</h2>
	</div>
	<p>
	The methodology of LEDITS++ can be broken down into three components: (1) efficient image
	inversion, (2) versatile textual editing, and (3) semantic grounding of image changes.
	</p>

	<!--<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<img src="static/images/ledits_teaser.jpg"
	style="max-height:620px; max-width:1000px"
	alt="diagram"/>
	</div>-->

	</div>


	</div>
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">
	<div class="column">


	<div class="columns is-centered">
	<!-- Editing workflows -->
	<div class="column">
	<div class="content">
	<h2 class="title is-4">Component 1: Perfect Inversion</h2>
	<p>
	Utilizing T2I models for editing real images is usually done by inverting the sampling
	process to identify a noisy xT that will be denoised to the input image x0.
	We draw characteristics from <a href="https://inbarhub.github.io/DDPM_inversion/"
	target="_blank">edit friendly DDPM inversion</a> and propose
	an efficient
	inversion method that greatly reduces the required number
	of steps while maintaining no reconstruction error.
	DDPM can be viewed as a first-order
	SDE solver when formulating the reverse diffusion process as an SDE. This
	SDE can be solved more efficiently—in fewer steps—
	using a higher-order differential equation solver, hence we derive a new, faster
	technique - <b>dpm-solver++ Inversion</b>.

	</p>
	<img src="static/images/inversion.png"/>
	</div>
	<div class="content">
	<h2 class="title is-4">Component 2: Textual Editing</h2>
	<p>
	After creating our re-construction sequence, we can edit the image by manipulating
	the noise estimate εθ based on a set of edit instructions. We devise a dedicated
	guidance term for each concept based on conditioned and unconditioned estimate. We
	define LEDITS++ guidance such that it both reflects the direction of the edit (if we
	want
	to push away from/towards the edit concept) and maximizes fine-grained control over
	the effect of the desired edit.

	</p>
	<img src="static/images/textual_editing.png"/>
	</div>
	<div class="content">
	<h2 class="title is-4">Component 3: Semantic Grounding</h2>
	<p>
	In our defined LEDITS++ guidance, we include a masking term composed of the
	intersection between the mask generated from
	the U-Net’s cross-attention layers and a mask derived from
	the noise estimate - yielding a mask both focused on relevant image
	regions and of fine granularity.
	We empirically demonstrate that these maps can also capture regions
	of an image relevant to an editing concept that is not already present.
	Specifically for multiple edits, calculating a
	dedicated mask for each edit prompt ensures that the corresponding
	guidance terms remain largely isolated, limiting
	interference between them.

	</p>

	</div>

	</div>
	</div>
	<div class="columns is-centered">
	<img
	style="max-height:800px; max-width:800px"
	src="static/images/semantic_grounding.png"
	/>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</section>
	<section class="section">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">


	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<h2 class="title is-3">Properties of LEDITS++
	</h2>
	</div>
	<div class="columns is-centered">
	<div class="column">
	<p>
	<b>Efficiency.</b>
	As a parameter-free approach, LEDITS++ does not require any fine-tuning or optimization.
	In addition we use a recent, fast scheduler altogether making LEDITS++ six times faster than
	recent DDPM inversion.
	</p>
	</div>
	<div class="column">
	<p>
	<b>Versatility.</b>
	LEDITS++ facilitates fine-grained edits and holistic changes such as style transfer.
	To the best of our knowledge, LEDITS++ is the only diffusion-based image editing method
	inherently supporting multiple edits in isolation.
	</p>
	</div>
	<div class="column">
	<p>
	<b>Precision.</b>
	LEDITS++’s methodology keeps edits concise and avoids unnecessary deviations
	from the input image through prefect inversion and use of implict masking
	(specifically important for editing multiple concepts simultaneously).

	</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<video autoplay muted loop playsinline height="100%">
	<source src="static/videos/objects_styles.mp4"
	type="video/mp4">
	</video>

	</div>



	</section>
	<section class="section">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop">
	<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
	<h2 class="title is-3">Interactive Demo</h2>
	</div>
	<script
	type="module"
	src="https://gradio.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/4.7.1/gradio.js"
	></script>

	<gradio-app src="https://editing-images-leditsplusplus.hf.space"></gradio-app>

	</div>
	</section>


	<!-- portraits video -->
	<!--<section class="hero teaser">-->
	<!-- <div class="container is-max-desktop">-->
	<!-- <div class="hero-body">-->
	<!-- <video id="portraits" autoplay muted loop playsinline height="100%">-->
	<!-- <source src="./static/videos/portraits.mp4"-->
	<!-- type="video/mp4">-->
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	<!-- 3 key observations -->


	<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
	<div class="container is-max-desktop content">
	<h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
	<pre><code>@inproceedings{brack2024ledits,
	year = { 2024 },
	booktitle = { Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) },
	author = { Manuel Brack and Felix Friedrich and Katharina Kornmeier and Linoy Tsaban and Patrick Schramowski and Kristian Kersting and Apolinaros Passos },
	title = { LEDITS++: Limitless Image Editing using Text-to-Image Models }
	}</code></pre>
	</div>
	</section>


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